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Kibo Energy PLC

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FY2018 Annual Report · Kibo Energy PLC
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Annual Report
& Accounts
2018

CONTENT

Corporate Directory

Chairman’s Statement

Review of Activities

Corporate Governance Report 

Directors’ Report

Audit Committee Report 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and
Other Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

04

10

12

16

22

31

32

36

37

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Company Statement of Cash Flows

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Notes to the Consolidated and Company
Financial Statements

Annexure 1: Headline Earnings per Share 

38

39

40

41

42

43

50

71

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Corporate Directory

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 

Christian Schaffalitzky  Chairman (Non-Executive)
Louis Coetzee  
Noel O’Keeffe 
Andreas Lianos 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 

Chief Executive Officer
Technical Director (Non-Executive) 
Financial Director (Non-Executive) 
Executive Director
Non-Executive Director

COMPANY SECRETARY: 

Noel O’Keeffe

REGISTERED OFFICE: 

BUSINESS ADDRESS - IRELAND: 

BUSINESS ADDRESS - TANZANIA: 

AUDITORS 

17 Pembroke Street Upper
Dublin 2
Ireland 

Gray Office Park
Galway Retail Park
Headford Road
Galway, Ireland
Telephone: +353 91 511463
Fax +353 91 450018
Email: info@kibo.energy

Golden Heights 
4th Floor, 
Chole Road, Msasani Peninsula 
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Telephone: +255 22 2602964/65 

Crowe U.K. LLP
St. Bride’s House
10 Salisbury Square
London EC4Y 8EH

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING: 

London Stock Exchange: AIM - (Share code: KIBO) – Primary
Johannesburg Stock Exchange: JSE Alt X - (Share Code: KBO) – Secondary

SHARE REGISTRARS – IRELAND: 

Link Registrars Ltd 
2 Grand Canal Square
Dublin 2
D02 A342

SHARE REGISTRARS – SOUTH AFRICA: 

PRINCIPAL BANKERS: 

Link Market Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd 
13th Floor
19 Ameshoff Street
Braamfontein
South Africa

Allied Irish Banks Plc
Tuam Road
Galway
Ireland

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

JOINT BROKERS: 

SOLICITORS: 

First Equity Limited
Salisbury House
London Wall
London EC2M 5QQ

SVS Securities Limited
20 Ropemaker Street
London EC2Y 9AR

As to Irish Law:
OBH Partners
17 Pembroke Street Upper
Dublin 2
Ireland

As to English Law:
Druces LLP
Salisbury House
London Wall
London EC2M 5PS

As to Tanzanian Law:
ENSafrica Tanzania Attorneys
6th floor, International House
cnr. Shaaban Robert Street and Garden Avenue
PO BOX 7495
Dar es Salaam
Tanzania

UK NOMINATED ADVISER: 

JSE DESIGNATED ADVISER: 

UK PUBLIC RELATIONS: 

RFC Ambrian Limited
Level 28, St. Georges Terrace
Perth
Western Australia 6000

River Group
211 Kloof Street
Waterkloof
Pretoria, South Africa

St. Brides Partners Ltd
3 St. Michael’s Alley
EC3V 9DS

WEBSITE: 

www.kibo.energy 

DATE OF INCORPORATION: 

17 January 2008

REGISTERED NUMBER: 

451931

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kibo at a Glance

The Opportunity

Kibo is addressing the chronic under capacity and rising demand for long term affordable and sustainable 
electricity generation in Sub-Saharan Africa where:

60%
of Africa’s population
is without
electricity

600 million
people in sub-Saharan
Africa live without
power

Power shortages
cost Africa
2-4% GDP
growth annually  

Manufacturers
lose an average
of 56 days
of production a year
due to power
shortages 

620
million
Africans rely on
firewood, kerosene and
charcoal for cooking,
heating and
lighting  

600,000
Africans, mainly
women and children,
die prematurely every year
due to illnesses caused by
indoor air pollution caused
by firewood, kerosene
and charcoal

13%

of World Population 
lives in Sub-Saharan 
Africa

14%

of World Population
have no access
to electricity

60%

of people in
Sub-Saharan Africa
have no access
to electricity

6

World Bank Website, (data compiled from 2016 reports)

Kibo’s Projects

Benga Project
Proposed 150 – 300 MW coal to power project in 
Mozambique  where  only  30%  of  population  have 
access  to  electricity  and  around  81%  of  current 
supply  comes  from  hydropower  that’s  heavily 
influenced by recurring droughts, limited transmission 
and distribution networks.

Mabesekwa Project 
Proposed co-located coal mine and up to 600 MW 
coal  fired  power  plant  in  Botswana  close  to  the 
South African border, ideally located to help alleviate  
the  current  under  capacity  in  power  generation  in 
South Africa as well as supplying growing demand in 
the local electricity market.

Up to
1,250
MW
of power
generation
being developed 
across four
countries

Ownership of 
377
million 
tonnes
in-situ coal
deposits in
Tanzania &
Botswana

Mbeya project 
Large coal deposit in southern Tanzania well located 
to  serve  a  coal  fired  power  plant  with  an  initial 
capacity of 300 MW for which a Definitive Feasibility 
Study  has  been  completed.  Potential  opportunities 
include power export, local and export coal markets 
and coal to gas conversion.

Mast Energy project 
Development of small-scale gas fired power plants in 
the UK with opportunity for revenue generation in the 
short term as a participant in the UK Reserve Power 
Market.  The  Company’s  longer  term  plan  includes 
developing the UK Reserve Power Market model in 
the southern African electricity market.

7

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Project Summaries 

African Project Overview

Kibo is developing three thermal power projects: the “Benga Power Plant Project (“BPPP” or “Benga Project”)” in Mozambique, 
the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project (‘MCIPP’ or “Mabesekwa Project”) in Botswana and the Mbeya Coal to Power 
Project  (‘MCPP’  or  “Mbeya  Project”)  in  Tanzania.  It  is  well  placed  to  benefit  from  its  existing  relationships,  collaboration  and 
strategic  agreements  with  international  blue-chip  companies  across  its  project  portfolio,  which  include:  SEPCO-III  (China), 
General  Electric  (USA),  Tractebel  Engineering  (Belgium),  Minxcon  Consulting  (South  Africa),  ABSA  Group  Limited  (Africa),  and 
Hogan Lovells International LLP. The Company is rapidly progressing its strategy to become a leading regional energy player.

Kibo holds an 65% interest in the Benga Project which is in the Tete province of northern 
Mozambique. Benga is the Company’s first pure energy project and the intention is to develop 
a coal-fired power station with feedstock provided by regional coal producers. Already  in place 
is authorisation by the Mozambique Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy to proceed with 
the final feasibility on the Benga Project as well as an MoU with Electricidade de Moçambique; 
the major public electricity utility company in Mozambique to collaborate in the development 
of a coal-fired power plant.

Current Status:
Advancing development of 300 MW coal to power plant in northern Mozambique using 
coal feed from local mines where work to date and continuing includes:
•	 Definitive Feasibility Study completed and final review in progress (March 2019)
•	 Preliminary  agreements,  authorisation  and  support  secured 

from  Mozambican 
Government bodies for DFS, water availability, lease of site for power plant construction 
and grid integration

•	 Negotiations at an advanced stage with potential coal suppliers to plant and power off-

takers 

•	 Assessment of incorporating renewable energy technologies in power plant development  

progress particularly solar energy generation and storage 

Kibo holds an 85% interest in the Mabesekwa Project which is approximately 40 km west 
of the village of Tonata and approximately 50 km south of Francistown, Botswana’s second 
largest city. Kibo envisages the Project as a coal-based integrated mine-mouth power plant, 
with potential for incorporation of a solar component as part of the further planned studies to be 
conducted on the project. Many aspects of the Projects have been advanced, including water 
and land use permits and environmental certification which are now in place. The power plant 
fuel source is planned to be drawn from the Company’s portion of the adjacent Mabesekwa 
coal deposit for which a mining right application has already been submitted.

Current Status:
Advancing development of co-located mine and up to 600 MW coal to power plant in 
northern Botswana where work to date and continuing includes:
•	 A pre-feasibility study on the coal mining element of the project completed
•	 A  scoping  study  for  the  construction  of  the  power  plant  has  already  been  completed 
which indicates potential for up to 600 MW capacity based on coal delivery rate of 3.2 
million tonnes per year over 30 years 

•	 Water land use permits, and environmental certification are also already in place at the site  
•	 Revised  Coal  Resource  Statement  of  303  million  tonnes  completed  of  which  Kibo’s 

attributable interest on 85% basis is 257 million tonnes 

•	 Application for Mining Right submitted

Mozambique:
Benga
Project

Location:

Botswana:
Mabesekwa
Project

Location:

8

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Tanzania:
Mbeya
Project

Location:

Kibo holds a 100% interest in the Mbeya Project in the Songwe Region of southern Tanzania.
The  project  comprises  a  substantial  coal  deposit  of  approximately  120  million  tonnes  on 
which an Integrated Definitive Feasibility Study has been conducted for the development of 
a co-located coal mine and a 300-Megawatt coal fed thermal power plant. The Company is 
currently identifying off-takers for the proposed coal mine and power plant. Negotiations are 
progressing on a number of fronts.

Current Status:
120 Mt coal deposit in southern Tanzania where Kibo is investigating commercialisation  
opportunities. Work to date and in progress includes:
•	 Completion of Integrated Bankable Feasibility Study for  the development  of a 300  MW 

coal fed thermal power plant 

•	 Currently exploring commercial opportunities for both power and coal comprising, inter 
alia, export of power, power supply to local off takers, coal to local and export markets 
and coal to gas conversion  

•	 Awaiting issue of Special Mining Licence over coal deposit which has been recommended 

for grant by the Mining Commission of Tanzania

UK:
Mast Energy
Projects

Kibo holds a 60% interest in UK company Mast Energy Developments which is developing 
small  scale  gas  fired  electricity  generating  plants  to  service  the  developing  UK  Reserve 
Power market. To date, it has acquired an exclusive option to evaluate and negotiate on the 
acquisition of three peaking power sites with total output capacity of 31.3 MW of which it is 
now completing Joint Development Agreements on two of these (total capacity 25.2 MW). The 
first of these is expected to come on stream during 2019.

Location:

Current Status:
•	 Foothold established in the developing UK Reserve Power Market with options to acquire 
eight peaking power plant sites (plants that run only when there is high electricity demand) 
totalling 57 MW from prospective developers 

•	 Negotiations on Joint Development Agreements in progress on three sites totalling 31 MW 
•	 Potential revenue generation from Q4 2019

9

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Chairman’s Statement

2018 was transformational for the Company as we reoriented 
our  business  and  implemented  our  strategy  to  be  a  global 
energy  developer  with  multiple  power  projects  focused 
primarily  on  Africa.  This  strategy  has  helped  us  to  spread 
country  and  project  risk  and  should  present  us  with  many 
opportunities  within  the  strongly  growing  African  energy 
sector. 

  during  2018 

The  new  energy  projects  in  which  we  acquired  majority 
include  the  Mabesekwa  Coal 
interests 
Independent  Power  Project 
(“MCIPP”  or  “Mabesekwa 
Project”)  in  Botswana,  the  Benga  Power  Plant  Project 
(“BPPP”  or  “Benga  Project”)  in  Mozambique,  and    a  60% 
equity interest in Mast Energy Developments Limited (“MED”) 
in  the  UK.  The  latter  acquisition  is  expected  to  provide  us 
with  an  opportunity  for  revenue  streams  in  the  short  term, 
whilst also creating an ability to leverage MED’s experience 
in  electricity  generation  to  develop  new  energy  projects  in 
Africa  through  introducing  and  developing  the  UK  Reserve 
Power business model alongside our existing coal-to-power 
projects on the continent. 

The  country  diversification  offered  by  our  current  African 
project  portfolio  is  strategically  positioned  to  help  insulate 
the Company from sovereign risk whilst also granting us the 
opportunity to participate in the opportunity arising from sub-
Saharan Africa’s urgent and increasing demand for reliable, 
sustainable and affordable electricity.

Our board and management teams have spent many years 
operating  in  the  international  mining  and  energy  sectors.  
Currently,  the  energy  sector  is  in  a  state  of  flux  across 
the  African  continent:  only  some  700  million  of  its  1.3 
billion  population  have  access  to  an  electricity  supply.    In 
Mozambique  and  Tanzania,  this  access  is  limited  to  24.2% 
and  32.8%  of  the  population  respectively,  while  Botswana 
will  need  to  add  up  to  500MW  of  committed,  dispatchable 
electricity  generating  capacity  by  2040,  in  order  to  keep 
pace  with  demand.    Even  the  UK  power  landscape  is 
undergoing  transformational  change,  driven  primarily  by 

the  decarbonisation,  decentralisation  and  digitisation  of 
the  power  market,  which  could  create  a  £6  billion  flexibility 
market by 2030.

to 

that  are  vital 

international  organisations 

Kibo’s  projects  are  positioned  to  address  these  concerns.  
To  this  end,  we  remain  focused  on  navigating  the  intricate 
agreements needed to bring them to commercialisation and 
maintaining good relationships with the various governments 
and 
their 
continued progress.  Through our experience on the project 
development  path  for  the  Mbeya  Coal  to  Power  Project 
(“MCPP”) in Tanzania, we have established and strengthened 
relationships  and  collaboration  agreements  with 
key 
international  energy  development,  engineering  and  financial 
firms such as SEPCOIII, General Electric and ABSA.  In 2018, 
we continued to develop and strengthen these relationships.  
We  signed  a  Strategic  Development  Agreement  (“SDA”) 
with  SEPCOIII  in  July  which  would  place  the  resources  of 
one of the world’s largest energy project developers behind 
Kibo in enhancing its business strategy and the development 
of  its  African  energy  assets.  This  SDA  was  backed  with  a 
commitment  for  a  two-stage  equity  investment  in  Kibo  and 
while a final decision regarding the SDA has not been made, 
given  all  conditions  have  not  been  met,  discussions  are 
ongoing.

The  Company  also  expanded  its  existing  Collaboration 
Agreement with General Electric in August 2018 confirming 
it  as  the  preferred  technology  partner  and  supplier  to  Kibo 
across all its current and future energy projects in Africa.

Our  diversification  strategy  proved  particularly  prescient  in 
February 2019 with the disappointing news that our MCPP 
did  not  qualify  as  one  of  the  preferred  applicants  for  the 
delivery of thermal coal power in Tanzania under a TANESCO 
tender round, delaying the construction of the project.  While 
we strongly anticipated that the MCPP would be the first of 
our projects to be constructed, it is now on hold as we explore 
alternative options for it.  I would like to remind shareholders 
that the failed tender bid only represented one opportunity to 

Kibo Energy is progressing an advanced portfolio of power generation and mining projects 
in Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania and the UK.

10

commercialise  the  MCPP  and  that  alternative  options  such 
as power export to neighbouring countries, competing in any 
future coal to power tenders from TANESCO and negotiating 
power  off-take  agreements  with  local  private  enterprise  are 
all  potential  revenue  streams.    We  also  continue  to  explore 
non-power  related  options  to  exploit  the  coal  resource, 
including export, coal to gas production or coal sales to local 
off-takers.

We  believe  that  the  recent  award  of  the  pre-qualification 
tenders appears to reflect a political decision to keep closer 
national  control  of  coal  to  power  generation  and  does  not 
denigrate the high quality of Kibo’s tender bid, which we still 
believe offers the best and most advanced option for the fast-
track development of a thermal coal plant in Tanzania. We are 
awaiting clarification from TANESCO as to why our bid failed 
despite repeated assurances that the MCPP was an integral 
part of Tanzania’s plans for increased power capacity in the 
country, including a signed MOU in place for the negotiation 
of a Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) between TANESCO 
and Kibo.  There is still much uncertainty on what solutions 
will  emerge  to  address  Tanzania’s  electricity  shortages,  but 
the situation is dynamic and Kibo is well placed to be part of 
the mix at the appropriate time. What is certain, however, is 
the urgent demand for electricity and particularly substantial 
base load power generation in the country in the short term.

However,  the  Company  has  received  confirmation  from 
TANESCO  that  it  can  develop  the  MCPP  for  the  export 
market.    TANESCO  has  advised  the  Company  that  it  is 
currently  implementing  interconnectors  through  Zambia, 
Tanzania and Kenya enabling power trade within the Eastern 
African Power Pool and Southern African Power Pool member 
countries.  TANESCO  has  recommended  that  the  Company 
engage  these  Power  Pools  to  ensure  participation  in  the 
high demand export market. Furthermore, the Company also 
remains engaged with TANESCO, regarding potential energy 
supply opportunities to the domestic market.  

Although we are still committed to continue working closely 
with  Government  and  all  other  local  stakeholders  on  our 
project in Tanzania to our mutual benefit, the non-qualification 
of  the  MCPP’s  in  the  tender  process  means  that  we  can, 
for  the  moment,  focus  more  on  our  other  projects  in  Africa 
and in the UK Reserve Power market where we have already 
achieved much progress.

The  Benga  Project  in  Mozambique  (65%  interest  with  an 
option  to  increase  to  85%)  is  our  first  pure  energy  project, 
and  we  are  very  encouraged  by  its  rapid  progress.  With 
Government  support  and  a  feasibility  study  completed  and 
submitted  to  the  Ministry  of  Mineral  Resources  and  Energy 
(‘MIREME’) and Electricidade de Moçambique (‘EDM’) ahead 
of  schedule,  our  focus  is  now  on  finalising  the  coal  supply 
agreement (“CSA”) and PPA with private off-takers.  

The  Mabesekwa  Project  in  Botswana  (85%  interest)  also 
presents  an  exciting  opportunity  for  the  Company  and  its 
shareholders. With a Mining Scoping Study complete, we are 
now progressing a feasibility study and waiting for a Mining 
Licence for the Mabesekwa Coal Mine.  

Our  final  acquisition  of  the  year  was  MED  in  the  UK  (60% 
interest), which is looking to support the UK energy mix with 

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

much  needed  flexible  energy  projects,  a  growing  segment 
of  the  UK  energy  market.  Most  recently,  MED  executed  a 
Sale and Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) to acquire Bordersley 
Power Limited, a key milestone as it advances on its strategy 
to become a key player in the UK flexible power generation 
market.  This  transaction  is  expected  to  reach  completion 
shortly.

On the corporate front, we completed the sale of our Haneti 
Nickel  Project  during  2018  to  Katoro  Gold  PLC.    This  sale 
represented  the  divestment  of  the  Company’s  last  non-
energy projects in line with our strategy of growing Kibo as 
a dedicated energy development company.  Currently, Kibo 
currently  holds  a  57.57%  majority  interest  in  Katoro  which, 
as well as Haneti, holds gold projects in northern Tanzania.

Kibo undertook three broker sponsored placings during 2018 
and raised £2.75 million. It also completed full settlement of 
funds  drawn  down  under  its  forward  payment  facility  with 
Sanderson Capital Partners Limited signed in 2016.  I would 
like  to  welcome  First  Equity  Limited  and  SVS  Securities 
Limited  who  we  appointed  as  our  new  AIM  joint  brokers 
during 2018.  I also note the internal re-assignment of roles 
on our Board and our appointment of Pieter Krugel as CFO 
of the Company during 2018, both of which have facilitated 
the seamless transition of the Company to a focused energy 
development company.

The  result  for  the  year  amounted  to  a  loss  of  £4,036,713 
for the year ended 31 December 2018 (31 December 2017: 
£4,519,813) as detailed further in the Statement of Profit or 
Loss and Other Comprehensive Income.

Outlook
We  remain  focused  on  delivering  our  objective  to  build  a 
leading multi-asset energy company and realising value from 
our  four  projects,  which  we  anticipate  will  play  major  roles 
in  the  provision  of  energy  to  a  variety  of  power-constricted 
markets.  With our long-established international relationships, 
including  the  project  financing  agreement  announced  post 
period end with Wimmer Financial, we are well positioned to 
rapidly  move  onto  the  construction  phases  once  we  have, 
amongst other things, completed our already advanced PPA 
discussions.  Our  strength  lies  in  our  diversity.    Each  of  our 
four projects represent a vast opportunity; I look forward with 
confidence to the time that our first project crosses the line.  

Finally,  I  would  once  again  like  to  thank  our  Board  and 
especially  our  management  under  the  stewardship  of  our 
CEO  Louis  Coetzee  who  continue  to  provide  the  drive  and 
commitment to making Kibo a significant player in the African 
energy market.

Christian Schaffalitzky
Chairman
21 June 2019

11

  
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Review of Activities

Introduction

During  2018  Kibo  Energy  PLC  (“Kibo”  or  the  “Company”) 
focused primarily on advancing its African energy projects in 
Tanzania, Botswana and Mozambique. It also made significant 
progress under the management of MED in evaluating project 
sites  to  install  small  scale  gas  fired  generators  to  serve  the 
UK Reserve Power Market, where the Company anticipates 
opportunities to avail off revenue streams in the short term.

Mozambique – Benga Power Plant Project (“BPPP” 
or “Benga Project”)
Kibo  operates  in  Mozambique  through  a  local  joint  venture 
company  Benga  Power  Plant  Limited  (“BPPL”)  in  which 
Kibo  has  65%  interest.  BBPL  holds  the  Benga  Project  in 
which  Kibo’s  65%  beneficial  interest  is  to  be  maintained 
by  expenditure  of  up  to  £1  million  towards  the  completion 
of  a  definitive  feasibility  study  for  the  construction  of  a 
250-300  MW  coal  fired  thermal  power  plant  in  the  north-
western Tete province. During 2018, the Company finalised 
the  BPPP  acquisition  with  Termoeléctrica  de  Benga  S.A. 
(“Termoeléctrica”),  which  holds  the  remaining  35%  interest 
in the joint venture and mobilised resources to advance the 
Definitive Feasibility Study on the project. The Company has 
benefited  from  significant  work  already  completed  on  the 
project  by  Termoeléctrica  and  its  strong  relationships  with 
government  agencies  and  other  local  stakeholders  in  the 
project. The following agreements, approvals and studies are 
already in place:

•	

•	

•	

authorisation from the Ministry of Mineral Resources and 
Energy to proceed with final feasibility study;

a  Memorandum  of  Understanding  with  Electricidade 
de  Moçambique  (“EDM”),  the  state-owned  electricity 
generation  and  transmission  company  acknowledging 
and  providing  their  support  for  its  collaboration  on  the 
project;

confirmation  from  the  Zambesi  River  water  authority 
(ARA Zambezi) that sufficient water will be available for 
the proposed coal fuelled power plant;

•	

preliminary  5-year  leasel  title  over  59  hectares  of  land 

Benga Project - plans to construct a 200 to 300 MW 
coal fired power station well advanced.

12

close  to  the  two  producing  coal  mines  in  the  Tete 
Province which is expected to be extended to 50 years 
as a pre-requisite to power plant construction; and

•	

formal  letters  of  comfort  received  from  various  power 
supply off-takers for up to 150 MW and positive response 
from nearby coal mines to discuss terms for the supply 
of coal to the proposed power station.

Since  acquiring  its  65%  interest  and  taking  control  of 
managing  the  project,  Kibo  has  commenced  a  Definitive 
Feasibility  Study 
the 
project  through  completion  of  a  pre-feasibility  study,  an 
environmental impact study, detailed engineering and design, 

(“Benga  DFS”),  which  will 

take 

Benga  Project  –  Located  in  the  heart  of  Mozambique’s 
major coal mining region (Tete)

and  a  comprehensive  financial  model  (the  Benga  DFS  was 
completed  in  March  2019  with  a  final  review  currently  in 
progress).  The  Benga  DFS  was  given  significant  impetus 
towards  the  end  of  2018  when  BPPL  re-negotiated  and 
expanded  its  MOU  with  EDM.  The  expanded  MOU,  which 
already provided for collaboration on the Benga DFS, set out 
both parties intention to negotiate a PPA for EDM to be anchor 
off-taker  for  the  power,  assist  in  finalising  project  financing 
and in negotiating related commercial contracts.  The DFS is 
now being aggressively advanced following the appointment 
of  STEAG,  a  German  energy  consultancy,  to  execute  the 
studies, and EPC specifications and PNO Consultants from 
South Africa, to conduct a grid integration study. Other work 

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Mabesekwa Project – established potential for the construction of an up to 600 MW 
power plan fed from the adjacent Mabesekwa coal deposit

in progress includes the commencement of Phase 2 of the 
Environmental Impact Study and completion of a topographic 
survey (LIDAR survey) at the proposed power station site. In 
tandem  with  the  engineering  studies,  negotiations  on  Coal 
Purchase Agreements with local mines and PPA negotiations 
with EDM and private power off-takers are also progressing 
well.

(“MCIPP”  or 

Botswana  -  Mabesekwa  Project 
“Mabesekwa Project”)
Kibo established a strategic position in the Botswanan energy 
market  with  its  acquisition  of  an  85%  beneficial  interest  in 
the  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  in  April 
2018. The MCIPP is held in Botswanan registered company 
Kibo  Energy  Botswana  (Pty)  Limited  in  which  Kibo  and  its 
joint  venture  partner,  Sechaba  Natural  Resources  Limited 
(“Sechaba”), from which it acquired its interest in the project, 
hold beneficial interests of 85% and 15% respectively. Kibo 
acquired its interest in the MCIPP from Sechaba by issuing it 
153,710,030 new Kibo shares, thereby making it a 27.13% 
shareholder in Kibo at the date of the transaction (currently 
at 18.43%).  As part of the transaction Sechaba also retained 
some small royalties of US$ 0.5 and US$ 0.0225 per metric 
tonne of coal sold and kilowatts per hour of power produced 
respectively  payable  from  the  assets  of  the  project  (coal 
mine & power plant). Additionally, for a period of 72 months 
from  closure  of  the  transaction,  Kibo  will  have  the  right  of 
first refusal to participate in any electricity generating projects 
within SADC countries that may be offered to Sechaba and 
on similar terms. Conversely, Sechaba will have the right of 
first refusal to participate in any coal export  projects within 
SADC countries that may be offered to Kibo.

As per the announcement dated 21 June 2018, the assets of 
the MCIPP in which Kibo holds its 85% attributable interest 
include  a  303  Mt  Coal  Resource  and  a  concept  study  to 
construct  a  co-located  coal  fed  thermal  power  plant  with 
capacity  of  up  to  600  MW  located  64  km  south-west  of 
Botswana’s second city, Francistown. The Company confirms 

that  there  has  been  no  material  change  to  the  Mabesekwa 
Coal  Resource  since  the  Coal  Resource  estimate  was  first 
published as part of the announcement dated 21 June 2018.  
A  pre-feasibility  study  on  the  coal  mining  element  together 
with a scoping study for the construction of the power plant 
has  already  been  completed.  Water  and  land  use  permits 
and  environmental  certification  are  also  already  in  place  at 
the site.

On acquiring the project in early  2018, Kibo  commissioned 
an  Independent  Competent  Person’s  Report  (“CPR”)  from 

Mabesekwa  Project  –  ideally  located  for  export  of  power 
to South Africa under its cross-border power procurement 
plan.

13

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Review of Activities continued

Gemecs (Pty) Ltd, South Africa, on the coal deposit that will 
form the feed stock to the planned thermal power plant. The 
CPR  reported  on  washability  tests  carried  out  on  the  coal, 
which indicated potential to lower the ash content, increase 
the calorific value and lower the total sulphur content in order 
to maximise the coal yields for use in a thermal power plant. 
Additional testing of bulk samples from drill holes across the 
coal deposit yielded results which indicated that favourable 
coal  quality  for  power  generation  can  be  achieved  through 
industry standard beneficiation processes.

In November 2018, Kibo applied for a mining right over the 
Coal Resource and this is currently being processed by the 
Botswanan Department of Mines.

The Mabesekwa Project is ideally located to supply power to 
the South African market where there is an urgent demand 
for additional baseload power generation. The South African 
Government  has  provided  for  3,750  MW  to  be  supplied 
from independent cross-border coal to power projects in its 
Cross-Border Project procurement plan announced in 2016. 
The  Mabesekwa  Project  is  also  well  located  to  incorporate 
a  solar  energy  component  at  the  proposed  thermal  power 
plant  and  the  Company  will  look  to  explore  this  further  as 
part of the DFS.

Tanzania  –  Mbeya  Project  (“MCPP”  or  “Mbeya 
Project”)
Kibo now has 100% interest in the Mbeya Project in southwest 
Tanzania, on which it has completed an Integrated Bankable 
Feasibility  Study  for  the  construction  of  a  co-located  coal 
mine and coal fired power station. During the first half of 2018, 
the Company continued to engage closely with TANESCO on 
finalising a PPA as a follow-on from the MOU on the terms 
for negotiating a PPA signed between the parties in February 
2018.  During this period, Kibo also continued to advance all 
other  aspects  of  the  MCPP  in  anticipation  of  concluding  a 
PPA with TANESCO including the completion of the second 
phase of its school building & upgrade programme in villages 
close to the MCPP development site in southern Tanzania.

The  announcement  in  September  2018  by  TANESCO  that 
it  was  issuing  an  open  tender  for  companies  to  apply  for 
pre-qualification  to  be  considered  as  independent  coal  and 
gas power producers, and that companies with which it had 
already MOUs or was otherwise in negotiation with should also 
submit  tenders,  was  unexpected.    Following  a  subsequent 

Mbeya  Project  –  Integrated  Bankable  Feasibility  Study  in 
place for co-located coal mine & 300 MW thermal power 
plant

14

cancellation  and  reinstatement  of  the  tender  process  by 
TANESCO,  Kibo  re-submitted  comprehensive  and  detailed 

Mbeya Project – well located for local supply or export of 
coal and power to neighbouring countries.

documentation  including  its  Integrated  Bankable  Feasibility 
Study  for  the  MCPP  in  support  of  a  tender  application  in 
December  2018.  Regrettably,  TANESCO  informed  Kibo  by 
letter received on the 14th February 2019 that it had not pre-
qualified  from  the  tender  process  to  be  considered  further 
as  an  independent  coal  to  power  producer.  The  Company 
is  currently  seeking  full  clarification  from  TANESCO  on  this 
decision and assessing alternative commercialisation options 
for the MCPP.

Despite  the  non-qualification  of  the  MCPP  in  the  recent 
tender  round  by  TANESCO  for  coal  generated  power,  the 
Company  continues  to  hold  the  Mbeya  (formerly  Rukwa) 
Coal  Resource.  In  September  2018,  it  received  notification 
that the Mining Commission of Tanzania had recommended 
grant of a Special Mining Licence over the Resource.  With 
Kibo’s anticipated anchor off-taker for the power, TANESCO 
being  not  currently  in  the  picture,  the  Company  continues 
to  investigate  and  develop  alternative  or  co-existing  outlets 
for  both  power  and  coal  comprising,  inter  alia,  export  of 
power,  power  supply  to  local  off  takers,  coal  to  local  and 
export markets, and coal to gas conversion. The Company 
has received confirmation from TANESCO that it can develop 
the MCPP for the export market.  TANESCO has advised the 
Company  that  it  is  currently  implementing  interconnectors 
through  Zambia,  Tanzania  and  Kenya  enabling  power 
trade  within  the  Eastern  African  Power  Pool  and  Southern 
African  Power  Pool  member  countries.  TANESCO  has 
recommended that the Company engage these Power Pools 
to  ensure  participation  in  the  high  demand  export  market. 
Furthermore,  the  Company  also  remains  engaged  with 
TANESCO,  regarding  potential  energy  supply  opportunities 
to the domestic market. Kibo confirms that there has been no 
material change to the Mbeya Coal Resource since the Coal 
Resource  estimate  was  first  published  as  part  of  the  RNS 

dated 11 April 2016, and the Company’s attributable interest 
in the Resource is still 100%.

United  Kingdom  -  Mast  Energy  Developments 
Limited (“MED”)
The  Company  took  its  first  steps  into  the  UK  Reserve 
Power  generation  market  in  2018  with  the  acquisition  of  a 
60%  interest  in  UK  company  MED.    MED  is  targeting  the 
acquisition of appropriate sites upon which it plans to develop 
and operate gas fired generators and ancillary structures  , to 
supply power to the UK Reserve Power generation market. 
The Reserve Power generation market is a growing segment 
of  the  UK  energy  market  primarily  due  to  the  increasing 
percentage  of  renewable  resources,  particularly  wind, 
contributing  to  the  total  power  output,  which  has  caused 
periods of under capacity on the UK electricity grid.

The  acquisition  was  completed  in  October  2018  through 
the issue of 5.7 million new Kibo shares to the sellers for a 
deemed consideration of £300,000, and an agreement that 
the  sellers  would  also  receive  5%  of  Kibo’s  share  of  gross 

Mast  Energy  -  developing  modular  gas  fuelled  peaking 
power plants to service the UK Reserve Power Market

projects’ revenues (royalties) under terms which require them 
to  invest  the  royalties  by  subscribing  for  Kibo  shares  on  a 
monthly basis up to a subscription value of £2.2 million. Other 
material  terms  of  the  acquisition  include  terms  for  Kibo  to 
buy out the royalties at a 6% discount to their present value 
at  discrete  time  points  related  to  the  cumulative  operating 
capacity  reached  within  the  asset  portfolios,  and  reciprocal 
options  to  buy  out  each  other’s  remaining  interest  in  MED 
once  the  total  generating  capacity  in  the  projects  reaches 
150 MW.

In December 2018, Kibo announced that MED had acquired 
an  exclusive  option  to  evaluate  and  negotiate  on  the 
acquisition  of  three  peaking  power  sites  with  total  output 
capacity of 31.3MW.  MED has since completed due diligence 
on two of these sites with an aggregate capacity of 25.2MW 
and    has  signed  a  Sale  and  Purchase  Agreement  (“SPA”) 
on one of them, Bordersley Power Limited (“Bordersley”), a 
5  MW  gas-fuelled  power  generation  plant.  In  tandem  with 
this, MED is evaluating potential Engineering, Construction & 
Procurement (“EPC”) providers for Bordersley and conditional 
offers  of  debt  financing  from  two  financial  institutions.  Both 
sites are planned to be operational in the last quarter of 2019 
and  the  first  quarter  of  2020  respectively  (subject  to  the 
completion of the second acquisition).

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Mast Energy - increasing use of Renewables in UK provides 
opportunity  to  service  demand  for  reserve  power  during 
peak demand periods.

Corporate
During During 2018, the Company continued its strategy to 
divest  its  non-energy  assets  with  the  sale  of  its  remaining 
exploration project, the Haneti Nickel project, to Katoro Gold 
PLC for a consideration of 15,384,615 newly issued shares 
in Katoro at a price per share of 1.3p valuing the project at 
£200,000.  This follows the divestment of its gold assets, the 
Imweru & Lubando projects to Katoro during 2017.

Kibo  undertook  three  broker  sponsored  placings  during 
2018  and  raised  £2.75  million  through  the  issue  of  55.742 
million  shares  at  prices  of  4.25p  and  5.25p  per  share.  The 
Company  also  issued  an  additional  29.61  million  shares 
in  full  settlement  of  funds  drawn  down  under  its  forward 
payment  facility  with  Sanderson  Capital  Partners  Limited  in 
the  amounts  of  $568,712  and  £1,115,067.  On  completion 
of the MCIPP and MED acquisitions, the Company issued a 
total of 159,424,316 consideration shares.  Total new shares 
issued during 2018 came to 244,776,705 issued or deemed 
issued at price per share from 4.25p to 6.1p. During March 
2019, Kibo has issued an additional 126,436,782 shares to 
Sanderson Capital Partners Limited (“Sanderson”) to acquire 
the residual 2.5% equity interest that Sanderson held in the 
MCPP at a deemed price of 1.3p.

The  Company  undertook  a  Board  re-structuring  during 
2018,  which  included  the  appointment  of  Pieter  Krugel  as 
Chief  Financial  Officer.  The  Company  believes  that  this  re-
structuring will better align the core skill sets of management 
with Kibo’s new positioning as a focused international energy 
project developer.

The  Company  also  appointed  First  Equity  Limited  and  SVS 
Securities  Limited  as  its  new  joint  corporate  broker  during 
2018  to  replace  Beaufort  Securities  Limited.  The  Company 
changed  its  name  at  its  AGM  at  the  end  of  July  from  Kibo 
Mining plc to Kibo Energy PLC to reflect is new sole focus on 
energy  project  development  and  appointed  Crowe  UK  LLP 
as its new statutory auditors.

Louis Coetzee
Chief Executive Officer
21 June 2019

15

  
  
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Corporate Governance Report

The Kibo board (the “Board”) aims to conform to its statutory responsibilities and industry good practice in relation to corporate 
governance  of  Kibo  Energy  PLC  (“Kibo”  or  the  “Company”)  and  its  subsidiaries  (together  with  Kibo,  the  “Group”).  The  Board 
has adopted the latest version of the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) (“QCA Code”) and endeavours  to follow its ten 
principles (“the Principles”) with due regard to the stage of development of the Company. The Company also seeks guidance from 
its Nomad on recommended best corporate governance practice for AIM companies.

In addition to my role as non-executive chairman of the Board, I am also the chairman of the Company’s Governance Committee 
and  retain  primary  responsibility  for  the  design,  implementation,  articulation,  review  and  updates  of  the  Company’s  corporate 
governance policy. The Governance Committee meets at least once a year and makes recommendations to the Board to ensure 
the Company’s corporate governance policy remains aligned with the Principles as it grows.

The following are the principal ways in which the Company meets these requirements.

1.  Establish  a  strategy  and  business  model  which  promotes  long-term  value  for 

shareholders

The Company has established a strategy and business model which it believes will promote long term value for shareholders. 
This  has  recently  been  updated  following  the  Company’s  decision  to  change  its  business  model  from  being  predominantly  a 
mining exploration company operating exclusively in Tanzania to be an energy development company with energy projects in 
different countries but primarily focused on sub-Saharan Africa. This updated business model presents new challenges to the 
Group across financial, technical and operational areas as its project portfolio expands across different jurisdictions. In response 
to these challenges, the Company is updating its corporate governance policies and procedures to support recently completed 
re-assignment of director duties and appointment of new management and staff. The Company believes its new business model 
will deliver long term value to shareholders by providing diverse exposure to the growing demand-led energy markets in sub-
Saharan Africa. It further believes that this business model is appropriate to protect the Company from unnecessary risk and 
secure its long-term future.

2.  Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations
The Company seeks to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations by engaging with them across a range of 
platforms  including  regular  investor  presentations,  Q&A  forums,  investor  relations  company  services,  social  media  sites  and 
at its Annual General Meeting where the Board encourages the active participation of shareholders on important and relevant 
matters, including the Group’s strategy, financial performance, and operational and commercial developments. The Company 
provides phone numbers on its RNS and SENS announcements where shareholders can contact the appropriate senior Company 
representatives  or  advisors  directly  with  their  queries  together  with  a  dedicated  email  address  for  shareholder  feedback.  The 
Board  receives  regular  shareholder  feedback  and  provides  prompt  responses  through  all  these  communication  channels  and 
therefore believes it adequately meets its shareholders expectations in this regard.

3.  Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications 

for long-term success

The Company firmly believes that the energy development projects that form the basis of its business model will substantially 
benefit the countries and regions in which it operates. It fosters a culture of open communication with all stakeholders who may 
be impacted by its activities. Its strategy and business model are designed to minimise any negative impact of its activities on the 
communities where it operates and on the environment.

The Company’s project areas until recently have been exclusively in Tanzania where it maintains a permanent administrative and 
operations office in Dar es Salaam and regional operations offices when field operations are in progress. Staff at these offices 
provide a first point of contact for stakeholders to receive information on the Company’s activities and provide feedback on any 
issues  or  concerns  they  may  have.  The  Company  has  appointed  dedicated  liaison  officers  to  communicate  with  stakeholder 
groups e.g. local & regional government officials, central government departments, community groups and local suppliers to keep 
them continuously updated on project activities and plans. Management conveys to the Board in a timely manner through formal 
reporting channels and at operational review meetings any substantive concerns of stakeholders and where necessary, the Board 
mandates appropriate action be taken to address these concerns.

In support of the Company’s social responsibility towards the local communities among which it works, it has implemented a 
Corporate  Social  Responsibility  Plan  (“CSR  Plan”).  The  first  phase  of  this  plan  is  already  completed  through  the  building  and 
refurbishment of school buildings in two local villages close to where its flagship MCPP project is in southern Tanzania. Successive 
phases  of  this  CSR  Plan  will  be  implemented  in  conjunction  with  the  construction  and  commissioning  of  the  MCPP  that  will, 
in  addition  to  education,  include  support  of  health  care,  employment  opportunities,  local  business  development  and  public 
infrastructure development. The Company has now commenced replicating its stakeholder liaison model and CSR commitment 
in Tanzania on its other African projects in Botswana and Mozambique.

16

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

4.  Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats, 

throughout the organisation

The Board has considered mechanisms by which the business and the financial risks facing the Group are managed and reported 
to the Board. The principal business and financial risks have been identified and control procedures implemented. The Board 
acknowledges its responsibility for reviewing the effectiveness of the systems that are in place to manage risk and to provide 
reasonable but not absolute assurance on the safeguarding of the Group’s assets against misstatement or loss.

The major risks facing the Company are clearly identified in the Directors’ Report on page 22. The Company relies on internal and 
external assessments of its systems for managing risk and it believes the continuous implementation of recommendations from 
these reviews provide the Board with adequate assurance that its systems for managing risks are effective.

The Company’s Audit Committee is the primary body that is tasked with identifying, assessing and managing risk. The principal 
risks identified across all aspects of the Company’s operation include, inter alia, risks associated with foreign exchange, strategy, 
funding, staffing, political stability and commercial activities. The Audit Committee regularly reviews reports from Management 
across all financial and operational activities enabling it to identify and assess risks and make recommendations to the Board 
where appropriate for mitigation. Similarly, it also informs the Board where it identifies business opportunities that may be beneficial 
to the Company. The Audit Committee’s other core function is to review and, if in order, recommend the annual financial statement 
to the Board for approval. Where the Company’s auditors have identified risks or any shortcomings in accounting procedures, the 
Audit Committee brings these to the Board’s attention for mitigation and/or rectification. The Audit Committee Report on page  
31 provides further details on the committee’s activities during 2018.

To better assess and manage risks in line with the Company’s recent change in its strategy and business development model, it 
has commenced compiling a Risk Register which will be updated quarterly. Henceforth, this document will be the cornerstone of 
the its Risk Management Policy and will be the key tool in monitoring the effectiveness of remedial action proposed by the Audit 
Committee on an on-going basis.

5.  Maintain the board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair
The Board regularly meets to monitor and approve the strategy and business model for the Group.

The  Board  comprises  a  non-executive  chairman,  two  executive  directors  and  three  non-executive  directors.  Two  of  the  non-
executive directors (Christian Schaffalitzky and Wenzel Kerremans), which includes the Chairman are considered by the Board 
to  be  independent  directors.  The  Board  considers  non-executive  directors  to  be  independent  when  they  are  independent  of 
Management and free from any business or relationship that would materially interfere with the exercise of independent judgment 
as a Board member.

The executive directors comprise the Company’s CEO who dedicates 100% of his time to the Group and one other director who 
dedicates 50% of his time. The non-executive directors dedicate as much time as is required for them to fully carry out their 
duties for the Group including overseeing corporate governance arrangements and serving on board committees. One of the 
non-executive directors, Noel O’Keeffe, also serves as the  Company secretary. The functions and composition of the  various 
Board sub-committees are outlined in Section 9.

The Board alone is responsible for:

•	 formulatingformulating, reviewing and approving the Group’s budgets and major items of capital expenditure;

•	 formulating the Group’s major policies and strategy;

•	 monitoring and reviewing the Group’s performance and achievement of goals;

•	 approval of Financial Statements and Annual Report;

•	 major contracts and transactions;

•	 board and management structure and appointments (the whole Board acts as the Nominations Committee);  

•	 effectiveness and integrity of internal control and management information systems; and

•	 overall corporate governance of the Group.

An agenda and all supporting documentation is circulated to the directors before each Board meeting. Open and timely access to 
all information is provided to directors to enable them to bring independent judgement on issues affecting the Group and facilitate 
them in discharging their duties. The Board met 26 times during the last financial year to 31 December 2018 with on average 
>90% attendance during this period.

In  accordance  with  the  Articles  of  Association  of  the  Company,  one  third  of  the  Board  is  required  to  retire  each  year  at  the 

17

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Corporate Governance Report continued

Company’s AGM but directors so resigning can put their name forward for re-election.

The Board sets the Group’s strategy and monitors its implementation through management and financial performance reviews. It 
also works to ensure that adequate resources are available to implement strategy in a timely manner.

The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties and responsibilities 
the  Board  implements  control  procedures,  such  as  quarterly  operational  review  meetings,  that  assess  and  manage  risk  and 
ensure robust financial and operational management within the Group.

6.  Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, 

skills and capabilities

The  Board  considers  that  there  is  an  appropriate  balance  between  the  Executives  and  Non-Executive  directors  and  that  no 
individual  or  small  group  dominates  the  Board’s  decision  making.  The  Board’s  members  have  a  wide  range  of  expertise  and 
experience  which  the  Board  considers  to  be  conducive  to  the  effective  leadership  of  the  Group  and  to  the  optimisation  of 
shareholder value.

The Board members’ diverse range of skills and experience span technical, financial, operational and legal areas relevant to the 
management of the Company. Summary biographies of each Board member are shown on the Company’s website and in the 
Directors’ Report on pages 22-23. Directors keep their skill sets up to date by attendance at, and participation in, various events 
organised by their respective industry sectors and/or by participation in continuing professional development courses.

As the Company evolves, the Board composition will be reviewed to ensure appropriate expertise is always in place to support 
its business activities. It has recently undertaken a re-organisation of director responsibilities to better align skill sets with its new 
strategy and business model. While the Board has not yet adopted any formal policy on gender balance, ethnicity or age group 
it is committed to fair and equal opportunity and fostering diversity subject to ensuring appointees are appropriately qualified and 
experienced for their roles. The Company acknowledges that as it expands its operations across different countries, it will be to 
its benefit to align its Board composition to reflect balance in the ethnicity and gender of its members.

The Company retains the services of independent advisors across, financial, legal, investor relations, technical/engineering and 
IT fields that are always available to the Board These advisors provide support and guidance to the Board and complement the 
Company’s internal expertise.

7.  Evaluate  Board  performance  based  on  clear  and  relevant  objectives,  seeking 

continuous improvement

The performance of the Board and Management of the Company is evaluated on an on-going basis by the Remuneration Committee 
(“Remcom”).  The  results  of  these  evaluations  are  reflected  in  changes  in  the  Executive  remuneration  levels  recommended  by 
the Remcom from time to time and in awards under the Company’s Share Option and Management Incentive Schemes where 
it  considers  such  awards  are  warranted.  Remuneration  levels  are  benchmarked  against  peer  companies  while  performance 
awards are based on meeting pre-defined milestones such as successful project acquisitions or completion of significant project 
development phases. As the Company grows, the Board will develop more comprehensive human resource policies to provide 
both internal and external performance evaluations of its Board, senior management and staff including the provision for upskilling 
where necessary and to provide for Board member succession planning.

The  Board  considers  that  the  corporate  governance  policies  it  has  currently  in  place  for  Board  performance  reviews  is 
commensurate with the size and development stage of the Company.

8.  Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours
The Company operates across several countries including Ireland, UK, Cyprus, South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana and Mozambique. 
In line with its international reach the Company recognises the cultural diversity both internally and among its business partners, 
service  providers  and  other  stakeholders.  The  Board  promotes  corporate  values  that  reflect  its  commitment  to  provide  equal 
opportunity to all subject to its core principles that demand the adoption of ethical values and conduct at all times. In this regard 
it has developed robust whistle-blower and anti-corruption policies that Board, management, staff and service providers have 
signed up to. The Company’s Anti-Corruption policy requires all Group personnel to declare conflicts of interest in any dealings 
on behalf of the Group and to excuse themselves from any negotiation on behalf of, or with, the Company in such circumstances.

While the Company has not adopted a formal Code of Conduct at board level, management and staff behaviour is governed by 
the terms of individual employment (and supplier) contracts whose terms reflect the ethics and values of the Group. Together with 

18

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

other Company policies such as its whistle-blower and anti-corruption policies noted above, these establish a high standard of 
values and behaviour to which all personnel working for, or on behalf, of the Group are expected to adhere to. The Board monitors 
compliance with its ethical values through feedback from Management and has disciplinary procedures in place to take corrective 
action where required.

9.  Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support 

good decision-making by the board

The  Company  has  developed  and  adopted  a  variety  of  plans,  policies,  and  procedures  as  part  of  its  corporate  governance 
framework to ensure that the Company is run in an efficient, effective and responsible manner. Key policies include:

Board Governance Plan
The Board Governance Plan is integrated into a Corporate Procedures Manual which sets out corporate governance structure 
and includes the terms of reference for the various Board Committees. In addition, the Corporate Procedures Manual outlines:

•	 high level financial controls;

•	 information system environment;

•	 forecasting & budget procedures;

•	 treasury operations; 

•	 accounting policies;

•	 financial accounting procedures; and

•	 management reporting framework.

Securities Trading/Share Dealing Policy
The Company’s Share Dealing Code sets out the Company’s policy, procedures and restrictions for directors, management, staff 
and insiders in dealings in the Company’s shares. It is compliant with AIM and FCA Rules and with the Company’s obligations 
under the Market Abuse Directive (2016).

Continuous Disclosure and Market Communications Policy
The Company’s policy is governed by the AIM Rules and the JSE Rules and all applicable national financial regulation in the UK, 
Ireland and South Africa.

Risk Management Policy
The Company is currently developing a Risk Register which will be reviewed on a quarterly basis. The Risk Register will review the 
risks around each aspect of management and operations and will be scored by each Executive member of the Board in terms of 
probability and impact to derive an overall risk profile for the Company. The Risk Register will also record the steps that are being 
taken to mitigate the major risks identified.

Health and Safety Policy & Procedures
All operating companies within the Group have their own Health and Safety Policy and Procedures (“HSE Policy”) tailored to the 
particular jurisdiction and environment in which they are active. The Board retains overall responsibility to ensure appropriate HSE 
Policy is in place at all times and reviews this at its operations’ review meetings.

Environmental Policy
Kibo is committed to high standards of environmental protection across our business. Our goal is to protect people, minimise 
harm to the environment, integrate biodiversity considerations and reduce disruption to our neighbouring communities. We seek 
to  achieve  continuous  improvement  in  our  environmental  protection  performance.  The  Company  will  significantly  expand  and 
escalate our actions to meet our commitment to environmental protection commensurate with the start of plant construction, 
mining operations and energy production on our projects. The results of environmental impact reports already completed and in 
progress across our projects will be used to carefully plan for environmental risk assessments and implement mitigating measures 
to protect the environment in association with relevant government bodies and local communities.

Anti-corruption and bribery Policy
The Company’s Anti-corruption and bribery policy is in place to ensure that all directors, management, staff and suppliers to the 
Group conduct themselves in an honest and ethical manner at all times. It meets the requirements of the UK Bribery Act 2010.

19

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Corporate Governance Report continued

Whistleblowing Policy
The  Company’s  Whistleblowing  Policy  is  informed  by  Whistleblowing  Arrangements  Code  of  Practice  issued  by  the  British 
Standards Institute and Public Concern at Work. Its objectives are:

•	 To encourage Group personnel to report suspected wrongdoing as soon as possible, in the knowledge that their concerns 

will be taken seriously and investigated as appropriate, and that their confidentiality will be respected;

•	 To provide Group personnel with guidance as to how to raise those concerns; and

•	 To reassure Group personnel that they should be able to raise genuine concerns in good faith without fear of reprisals, 

even if they turn out to be mistaken.

IT, communications and systems procedures
IT, communications and systems procedures are included in the Company’s Corporate Procedures Manual and are designed 
to  ensure  a  robust,  upgradeable  and  secure  IT  system,  with  appropriate  back-up  to  ensure  any  system  failure  will  not  be 
catastrophic for the continued operations of the Company.

The Chairman is responsible for providing leadership to the Board while the day-to-day management of the Group is delegated to 
the Executive Committee lead by the CEO. The CEO is primarily responsible for the Group’s business performance and manages 
the  Group  in  accordance  with  the  strategies  and  business  plan.  The  independent  non-executive  directors  are  responsible  for 
providing independent advice and are considered by the Board to be independent of Management.

The  Board/senior  officer  committees  are  the  Governance  Committee,  Executive  Committee  Remuneration  Committee  Audit 
Committee and the Nomination Committee.

Governance Committee: Comprises three non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least once a year to review the 
Company’s ongoing compliance with the QCA Code and to make recommendations to the Board where it judges that there is 
a  requirement  to  update,  replace  or  expand  corporate  governance  policies  and  procedures  in  line  with  current  activities.  The 
Governance Committee is chaired by Christian Schaffalitzky and the other members are Noel O’Keeffe and Wenzel Kerremans.

Executive Committee: Comprises two executive directors and two senior Company officers: The Committee meets at least once 
a month. The Executive Committee is the core senior management team in the Company responsible for day to day management 
and operations. Its terms of reference are defined in the Company’s Corporate Procedures Manual. The Executive Committee is 
chaired by Louis Coetzee and the other members are Lukas Maree, Louis Scheepers (COO) and Pieter Krugel (CFO).

Remuneration Committee: Comprises three non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least once a year to determine 
Company policy on senior executive remuneration, to make detailed recommendations to the Board regarding the remuneration 
packages  of  the  executive  directors  and  to  consider  awards  under  the  Company’s  Share  Option  and  Management  Incentive 
Award schemes. The Chief Executive Officer is consulted on remuneration packages and policy but does not attend discussions 
regarding  his  own  package.  The  remuneration  and  terms  and  conditions  of  the  appointment  of  non-executive  directors  are 
determined  by  the  Board.  The  Remuneration  Committee  is  chaired  by  Christian  Schaffalitzky  with  the  other  members  being 
Andreas Lianos and Wenzel Kerremans.

Audit Committee: Comprises three non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least twice a year to consider the scope 
of the annual audit and the interim financial statements and to assess the effectiveness of the Group’s system of internal financial 
controls and risk management systems. It reviews the results of the external audit, its cost effectiveness and the objectives of the 
auditor. Given the size of the Group, the Audit Committee considers that an internal audit function is not currently justified. The 
Audit Committee is chaired by Andrew Lianos, ACA, CA(SA), ACMA, CIA. who serves as the Company’s non-executive Financial 
Director. The other members of the Audit Committee are Christian Schaffalitzky and Wenzel Kerremans.

Nomination  Committee:  Comprises  the  entire  Board.  The  principal  objectives  of  the  Committee  are  to  monitor  and  review 
the  Board  structure,  size,  composition  and  the  mix  of  skills  and  expertise  to  ensure  that  these  are  in  line  with  the  Group’s 
strategies and to consider potential candidates for directorship. The selection criteria for selection and recruitment of the potential 
candidates  for  directorship  shall  include  qualifications  of  the  individual,  experience,  knowledge  and  achievements,  credibility 
and  background  and  ability  of  the  candidates  to  contribute  effectively  to  the  Board  and  Group.  The  Nomination  Committee 
also oversees succession planning of directors, taking into account the relative experience of each Board member in relation to 
the Company’s requirements given its stage of development and strategies, with the goal of having in place an adequate and 
sufficiently experienced board at all times.

The Company’s Corporate Procedures Manual includes a schedule of matters that are reserved as the sole responsibility of the 
Board. These matters, in addition to setting strategy for the Company, include, but are not limited to, Board nominations and 
appointments, approval of acquisitions and disposals and approval of annual budgets and financings.

20

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

10.  Communicate  how  the  company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  

dialogue with shareholders and other relevant stakeholders

The  Board  recognises  the  importance  of  establishing  and  maintaining  good  relationship  with  Kibo’s  shareholders  and  other 
stakeholders.  The  Board  is  responsible  for  ensuring  satisfactory  dialogue  with  shareholders  throughout  the  year.  In  order  to 
establish and maintain good relationships with the shareholders of Kibo, and to maintain transparency and accountability to its 
shareholders, Kibo uses various means to continuously communicate and disseminate timely information to shareholders and 
stakeholders:

•	 market announcements on regulatory platforms (RNS and SENS)

•	 annual and interim reports;

•	 circulars;

•	 annual general meetings of shareholders;

•	 investor presentations and briefings;

•	 Q&A forums and social media sites;

•	 website at www.kibo.energy; and

•	 via  investor  relations  professionals  at  St.  Brides  Partners  Ltd  (contact  person:  Isabel  de  Salis  /  Gaby  Jenner,                                     

Tel: +44 (0) 207236 1177).

The Company’s Audit Committee Report is presented on page 31 and provides further details on the committee’s activities during 
2018, and while a separate report from the Remuneration Committee was not produced due to the size of the company, the 
Company intends to review this requirement on an annual basis.

Conclusion
The Company believes that its governance structures and practicesc as detailed above comply with the expectations of the QCA 
Code  in  all  material  respects.  It  also  acknowledges  its  obligations  under  the  Code  to  continually  monitor  and  further  develop 
the scope and suitability of its governance structures in line with its growth. During 2017/2018, the Company has undertaken 
a  change  in  strategy  from  being  dominantly  a  mineral  exploration  company  based  in  Tanzania  to  be  an  energy  development 
company with a project portfolio spanning Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique and the UK. In line with these developments the 
Company has implemented key governance changes including a re-assignment of Board responsibilities and the recruitment of a 
Chief Financial Officer to manage the increased financial responsibilities within the Group. The Company continues to update its 
Plans, Policies and Procedures itemised at 9 above to ensure it remains in compliance with the QCA Code.

Christian Schaffalitzky
Chairman
Governance Committee
21 June 2019

21

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Directors’ Report

The Board of Directors present their Annual Report together with the audited annual financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2018 of Kibo Energy PLC (“Kibo” or “the Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively “the Group”).

The Board comprises a non-executive chairman, two executive directors and three non-executive directors.  As the Company 
evolves, the Board will be reviewed and expanded if necessary to ensure appropriate expertise is always in place to support its 
business activities.

The  Board  is  responsible  for  formulating,  reviewing  and  approving  the  Company’s  strategy,  budgets,  major  items  of  capital 
expenditure  and  acquisitions.  An  agenda  and  all  supporting  documentation  is  circulated  to  all  directors  before  each  Board 
Meeting. Open and timely access to all information is provided to all directors to enable them to bring independent judgement on 
issues affecting the Company and facilitate them in discharging their duties.

At the date of this report, the board of directors comprised:

Christian Schaffalitzky - Chairman (non-executive)
Louis Coetzee - Chief Executive Officer (executive)
Andreas Lianos - Financial Director (non-executive)
Noel O’Keeffe - Technical Director (non-executive)
Lukas Maree - executive director
Wenzel Kerremans - (non-executive director)

Christian Schaffalitzky
BA (Mod), FIMMM, PGeo, CEng, Age 65 – Chairman (non-executive and independent)
Christian Schaffalitzky has over 40 years’ experience in minerals exploration and is Executive Chairman of Eurasia Mining plc, 
a company trading on AIM. From 1984 to 1992, he founded and managed the international minerals consultancy, CSA Group, 
now CSA Global Pty Ltd., Christian was a founder of Ivernia West plc, where he led the exploration and led the discovery and 
development of the Lisheen zinc deposit in Ireland. More recently, he was a managing director of Ennex International plc, an Irish 
quoted mineral exploration company, focused on zinc development projects. He has also been engaged in precious and base 
metal mineral exploration and development in the former Soviet Union and is a former independent director on the boards of 
Russian companies, Raspadskaya Coal Company and Chelyabinsk Zinc and a director of one other listed investment company.

Louis Coetzee
BA, MBA, Age 55 – Chief Executive Officer (executive)
Louis Coetzee has over 25 years’ experience in business development, promotion and financing in both the public and private 
sector. In recent years, he has concentrated on the exploration and mining arena where he has founded, promoted and developed 
a  number  of  junior  mineral  exploration  companies  based  mainly  on  Tanzanian  assets.  Louis  has  tertiary  qualifications  in  law 
and  languages,  project  management,  supply  chain  management  and  an  MBA  from  Bond  University  (Australia)  specialising  in 
entrepreneurship, and business planning and strategy. He has worked in various project management and business development 
roles  mostly  in  the  mining  industry  throughout  his  career.  Between  2007  and  2009,  he  held  the  position  of  Vice-President, 
Business Development with Canadian listed Great Basin Gold (TSX: CBG).

Noel O’Keeffe
BSc (Hons), Geology, MBA, Age 55 – Technical Director (non-executive) and Company Secretary
Noel O’Keeffe has over 30 years’ experience in mineral exploration and has worked on a variety of base metal and gold projects 
in  Ireland,  Canada,  Australia  and  Africa.  Prior  to  co-founding  Kibo  in  2008  he  worked  as  a  quality  coordinator  with  Boston 
Scientific  (Ireland)  Ltd,  a  multinational  medical  device  company.  He  also  worked  part-time  for  Irish  geological  services  group, 
Aurum Exploration Ltd during 2003 and early 2004. During the mid-nineties he was exploration manager with Ormonde Mining 
plc in Tanzania, a company listed on the Irish Stock Exchange and on AIM. Previously Noel was a senior geological consultant 
with BDA Consultants Limited and worked on both government and private sector contracts. Earlier in his career, Noel worked 
as a geologist for Burmin Exploration and Development plc and for its Canadian and Australian subsidiaries. Noel is also a non-
executive director of Cyprus company, River Capital plc.

Lukas Marthinus Maree
BLC, LLB, Age 57 – (executive)
Lukas Maree  is a lawyer by profession. He has served on the boards of a number of public companies including Goldsource 
Mines  Limited,  Africo  Resources  Limited  and  Diamondworks  Limited  that  have  made  significant  successful  investments  in 
exploration projects in Africa and North America. More recently, he has served as the CEO of private investment companies Rusaf 
Gold Limited and Mzuri Capital Group Limited, both of which have successfully developed and sold mineral projects in Russia 
and Tanzania. He was also a founder principal of River Group, Designated Advisors to the Listing of Kibo on the JSE, and was 
responsible for its Canadian office until he retired from the Group in 2013 to pursue personal interests.

22

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Wenzel Kerremans
B. Proc, LLB, LLM, Adv. Dip.  Age 61 – (non-executive) and independent)
Wenzel Kerremans is a lawyer by profession with over 25 years international legal experience in mining, banking, project finance 
and international tax, advising clients who have invested in exploration and mining projects in Africa. He has also originated and 
successfully sold Veremo Holdings Limited, a billion ton titaniferous magnetite exploration project for the production of iron and 
titanium slag. Wenzel is also the principal and director of a gold, graphite and coal exploration project in Africa.

Andreas (Andrew) Lianos
CA(SA), ACA, ACMA, Age 52 – Financial Director (non-executive)
Andrew is a chartered accountant, certified management accountant, registered internal auditor and JSE qualified executive who 
started his professional career in 1989 with Grant Thornton International. Andrew entered the corporate finance industry in 1994 
by joining Deloitte & Touche Corporate Finance. In 1996 he joined Merrill Lynch Corporate Finance, and was part of the team that 
founded Labyrinth Corporate Finance during 1997. He has been intimately involved in a number of IPO’s since the bull market 
of the 90’s to date, and has substantial transaction experience in the resources, food- and leisure industries. Andrew serves on 
the boards of a number of public companies and co-founded River Group in 1998. He has since been involved in a number of 
successful RTOs and IPOs on the JSE, TSX, ASX and LSE, cross-border restructurings and resources transactions in Canada, 
the Central African Republic, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and South Africa.

Role of Technical Director & Financial Director
The Technical Director and Financial Director roles of Mr. O’Keeffe and Mr. Lianos respectively are not executive functions and 
neither  are  members  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Company.  They  provide  their  services  in  these  roles  on  a  part  time 
consultancy basis independent of their positions as non-executive directors. They exercise these roles in a high level advisory 
capacity and are not involved in the day to day management of the Company. Mr. O’Keeffe’s services as Company secretary are 
also provided on a part time basis.

Review of Business Developments
As set out in the Chairman’s Report and Review of Activities, the Company consolidated its change in business strategy from 
being a mineral exploration company to an energy development company with the acquisition of energy projects in Africa and 
the UK during the period.  To reflect this change in business strategy, the Company also changed its name from Kibo Mining 
PLC to Kibo Energy PLC at its 2018 AGM. The Company also divested itself of its remaining mineral exploration project, Haneti, 
in Tanzania to Katoro Gold PLC, a company in which Kibo holds a 57.57% interest as at 21 June 2019 (31 December 2018 – 
55.53% interest) and furthered its feasibility studies towards mining and thermal coal plant development on its African projects.

The  Company  did  not  qualify  as  one  of  the  preferred  applicants  for  the  delivery  of  thermal  coal  power  in  Tanzania  under  a 
TANESCO tender round during 2018 and so further delaying the construction of its heretofore flag ship Mbeya Coal to Power 
Project in southern Tanzania. While this was a major disappointment, the Company continues to investigate alternative options 
to commercialise the project including power export to neighbouring countries and non-power related options to exploit the coal 
including, export, coal to gas production or coal sale to local off-takers.

Post Statement of Financial Position events
Conversion of Sanderson Minority Interest in Mbeya Development Company Limited into Kibo Energy PLC Shares 
and Continuation of Forward Payment Facility

Kibo Energy PLC signed a binding term sheet with Sanderson Capital Partners where Kibo issued 126,436,782 new Ordinary 
Shares  of  par  value  €0.015  (the  “Conversion  Shares”)  to  Sanderson  in  conversion  of  its  2.5%  minority  interest  in  Mbeya 
Development Company Limited into equity directly in Kibo Energy PLC effective from 11 March 2019 onward. Furthermore, the 
agreement provides for the continuation of Kibo’s USD 2,940,000 Forward Payment Facility (the “Facility”) signed between Kibo 
and Sanderson entered into during 2016. The Facility was available for a first immediate draw by Kibo, amounting to GBP100,000 
and a second draw on or any time before 15 March 2019 amounting to no more than GBP400,000. These draw downs occurred 
to  the  extent  of  GBP420,000  in  total  thus  far  leaving  GBP800,000  available  under  the  second  specified  draw.  Any  additional 
draw-downs of the balance of the USD 2,940,000 limit are to be agreed between Kibo and Sanderson on a case by case basis, 
and all draw-down amounts will be subject to a facilitation and implementation fee of GBP5,000 per GBP100,000 drawn down. 
Kibo is not obliged to draw down any of the Facility and the initial fee payment of USD732,036 of ordinary shares in Kibo, made 
to Sanderson under the original Facility arrangement, was a one-off payment and is not required to be paid again. 

Mbeya Coal to Power Project
Kibo received formal notice from the Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (‘TANESCO’) inviting it to develop the Mbeya 
Coal to Power Project for the export market and thereby enabling the Company to engage with the African Power Pools regarding 
off-take agreements.

23

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Directors’ Report continued

Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The realisation of coal mining and energy assets is dependent on the discovery and successful development of economic mineral 
reserves and/or completion of positive integrated bankable feasibility studies and is subject to a number of significant potential 
risks summarised as follows, and described further below:

•	 financial instrument & foreign exchange risk ;

•	 strategic risk;

•	 funding  risk;

•	 commercial risk;

•	 operational risk;

•	 staffing and key personnel risks;

•	 speculative nature of mineral exploration and development; 

•	 political stability; 

•	 Uninsurable risks; and 

•	 Foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts.

Financial instrument and foreign exchange risk
The Company and Group are exposed to risks arising from financial instruments held and foreign exchange transactions entered 
throughout the period. These are discussed in Note 23 to the Annual Financial Statements.

Strategic risk
Significant  and  increasing  competition  exists  for  mineral  and  energy  project  acquisition  opportunities  throughout  the  world. 
Because  of  this  competition,  the  Company  may  be  unable  to  acquire  and  exploit  additional  attractive  projects  on  terms  it 
considers acceptable. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any interest in additional mining and/
or energy development projects that would yield commercial opportunities. The Company expects to undertake comprehensive 
due diligence where warranted to help ensure opportunities are subjected to proper evaluation.

Funding risk
In  the  past  the  Company  has  raised  funds  via  equity  contributions  from  new  and  existing  shareholders,  thereby  ensuring  the 
Company remains a going concern until such time that revenues are earned through the sale or development of its projects. There 
can be no assurance that such funds will continue to be available on reasonable terms, or at all in future. The Directors regularly 
review cash flow requirements to ensure the Company can meet financial obligations as and when they fall due. 

Commercial risk
The mining industry is competitive and there is no assurance that, even if commercial quantities of minerals are available to the 
Company, a profitable market will exist for the sale of such minerals. There can be no assurance that the quality of the minerals will 
be such that the Company mining assets can be mined at a profit or, where applicable, support its energy development projects. 
Factors beyond the control of the Company may affect the marketability of any minerals discovered. Mineral prices are subject to 
volatile price changes from a variety of factors including international economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, global 
and regional demand, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates and global or regional consumption patterns, speculative 
activities and increased production due to improved mining and production methods. Ultimately, the Company expects that prior 
to a development decision, a project would be the subject of a feasibility analysis to ensure there exists an appropriate level of 
confidence in its economic viability. 

Operational risk
Mining & energy development operations are subject to hazards normally encountered in exploration, development and production. 
These include unexpected geological formations, rock falls, flooding, dam wall failure and other incidents or conditions which 
could  result  in  damage  to  plant  or  equipment  or  the  environment  and  which  could  impact  any  future  production  throughout. 
Although it is intended to take adequate precautions to minimise risk, there is a possibility of a material adverse impact on the 
Company’s  operations  and  its  financial  results.  The  Company  will  develop  and  maintain  policies  appropriate  to  the  stage  of 
development of its various projects. 

24

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Staffing and Key Personnel Risks
Recruiting and retaining qualified personnel is critical to the Company’s success. The number of persons skilled in the acquisition, 
exploration and development of mining properties and in the development of energy projects is limited and competition for such 
persons is intense. While the Company has good relations with its employees, these relations may be impacted by changes in 
the  scheme  of  labour  relations  which  may  be  introduced  by  the  relevant  governmental  authorities.  Adverse  changes  in  such 
legislation may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Staff are 
encouraged to discuss with management matters of interest to the employees and subjects affecting day-to-day operations of 
the Company.

Speculative Nature of Mineral Exploration & Energy Project Development
In addition to the above there can be no assurance that the current activities will result in profitable mining and energy production .

The  recoverability  of  the  carrying  value  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  is  dependent  on  the  successful  discovery  of 
economically recoverable reserves, the achievement of profitable operations, and the ability of the Company to raise additional 
financing, if necessary, or alternatively upon the Company’s ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis. Changes 
in market conditions could require material write downs of the carrying value of the Company’s assets. 

Development of the Company’s   assets is, amongst others, contingent upon obtaining satisfactory feasibility results and securing 
additional adequate funding. Mineral and energy project development involves substantial expenses and a high degree of risk, 
which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to adequately mitigate. The degree 
of risk reduces substantially when a Company’s properties move from the exploration phase to the advanced feasibility phase. 
Management continuously assesses funding requirements against project viability and prioritise key projects over the short to 
medium term. 

The  development  of  mineral  deposits  is  dependent  upon  a  number  of  factors  including  the  technical  skill  of  the  personnel 
involved. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit, once discovered, is also dependent upon a number of factors, including 
the size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, metal prices and government regulations, including regulations relating to royalties, 
allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, and environmental protection. In addition, several years can elapse 
from the initial phase of drilling until commercial operations are commenced.

Political Stability
The Company is conducting its operational activities in Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania and the UK. The directorsd believe that 
the governments of these countries support the development of natural resources and energy production by foreign investors 
and actively monitor the situation.  However, there is no assurance that future political and economic conditions in these countries 
will not result in their governments adopting different policies regarding foreign development and ownership of mineral resources.  
Any  changes  in  policy  affecting  ownership  of  assets,  taxation,  rates  of  exchange,  environmental  protection,  labour  relations, 
repatriation of income and return of capital, may affect the Company’s ability to develop its projects.

Uninsurable Risks
The Company may become subject to liability for accidents, pollution and other hazards against which it cannot insure or against 
which it may elect not to insure because of prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons, such as amounts which exceed policy 
limits. The company chooses to manage these risks, as best possible, through cautious business practice, on a continuous basis. 

Foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts
The Group is subject to risk arising from the ever-changing economic environment in which its subsidiaries operate, mainly driven 
by the changing regulatory environment governing corporate taxation, transfer pricing and other investment related operational 
activities. The Group continues to re-assess its investment decisions to limit exposure to the ever-changing regulatory environment 
in which it operates. 

25

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Directors’ Report continued

Directors’ Interests
The interests of the directors and Company secretary (held directly and indirectly), who held office at the date of approval of the 
financial statements, in the share capital of the Company are as follows:

Ordinary Shares (held directly and indirectly)

Directors & Secretary

Christian Schaffalitzky

Noel O’Keeffe

Louis Coetzee

Lukas Maree

Wenzel Kerremans

Andreas Lianos

Share Options (held directly and indirectly)

Directors & Secretary

Christian Schaffalitzky

Noel O’Keeffe

Louis Coetzee

Lukas Maree

Wenzel Kerremans

Andreas Lianos

21/06/19

2,119,842

3,591,447

8,065,996

2,934,200

376,241

7,588,633

31/12/18

2,119,842

3,591,447

8,065,996

2,934,200

376,241

7,588,633

21/06/19

31/12/18

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

31/12/17

2,119,842

3,591,447

8,065,996

2,934,200

376,241

7,588,633

31/12/17

   700,000

2,200,000

2,200,000

   700,000

   700,000

2,200,000

The above share options in issue were exercisable at a price of £0.050 at any time up to 1 June 2018. Subsequent to 1 June 
2018, the resultant share based payment reserve in the amount of £514,279 was recycled in the Statement of Changes in Equity 
through Retained Deficit.

For further detail surrounding the ordinary shares and share options in issue, refer to Notes 14 and 16 of the annual financial 
statements.

Transactions Involving Directors
There  have  been  no  contracts  or  arrangements  of  significance  during  the  period  in  which  Directors  of  the  Company,  or  their 
related parties, were interested other than as disclosed in Note 22 to the annual financial statements.

Directors meetings
The Company held twenty-six (26) Board meetings during the reporting period and the number of meetings attended by each of 
the directors of the Company during the year to 31 December 2018 were:

Director Name

Christian Schaffalitzky

Position

Chairman

Louis Coetzee

Andreas Lianos 

Noel O’Keeffe

Lukas Maree

Chief Executive Officer

Non-Executive Financial Director

Non-Executive Technical Director

Executive Director

Wenzel Kerremans

Non-Executive Director

Number of
Meetings Attended

Number of
Meetings Eligible to Attend

23

26

26

26

22

22

26

26

26

26

26

26

Under the Company’s Memorandum & Articles of Association, one third of directors are required to retire by rotation from the 
Board on an annual basis, through resignation at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and may put themselves forward again for 
re-election at the AGM.

26

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Committee meetings 
Members  of  the  Audit  Committee,  Remuneration  Committee  and  Governance  Committee  were  reconstituted  during  2018 
to  reflect  changes  in  directors’  roles  commensurate  with  the  change  in  the  Company’s  business  plan  to  become  an  energy 
development company. These changes are reflected in the committee members listed hereunder.

The Company held two (2) Audit Committee meetings during the reporting period and the number of meetings attended by each 
of the members during the year to 31 December 2018 were: 

Director Name

Position

Andreas Lianos

Chairman (Non-Executive)

Christian Schaffalitzky

Non-Executive Director

Wenzel Kerremans

Non-Executive Director

Number of
Meetings Attended

Number of
Meetings Eligible to Attend

2

2

2

2

2

2

The Company held two (2) Remuneration Committee meetings during the reporting period and the number of meetings attended 
by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2018 were:

Director Name

Position

Christian Schaffalitzky

Chairman (Non-Executive)

Andreas Lianos

Wenzel Kerremans 

Non-Executive Director

Non-Executive Director

Number of
Meetings Attended

Number of
Meetings Eligible to Attend

2

2

2

2

2

2

The Company held one (1) Governance Committee meeting during the reporting period and the number of meetings attended 
by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2018 were:

Director Name

Position

Christian Schaffalitzky

Chairman (Non-Executive)

Noel O’Keeffe

Non-Executive Director

Wenzel Kerremans  

Non-Executive Director

Number of
Meetings Attended

Number of
Meetings Eligible to Attend

1

1

1

1

1

1

Significant Shareholdings
The Company has been informed that, in addition to the interests of the directors, at 31 December 2018 and at the date of this 
report, the following shareholders own 3% or more beneficial interest, either direct or indirect, of the issued share capital of the 
Company, which is considered significant for disclosure purposes in the annual financial statements:

Percentage of issued share capital

Sanderson Capital Partners Ltd

Sechaba Natural Resources 
Limited

Yakoub Yakoubov

21/06/19

23.38%

18.43%

  3.31%

31/12/2018

8.45%

24.6%

-

31/12/17

4.15%

-

-

Subsidiary Undertakings
Details of the Company’s subsidiary undertakings are set out in Note 21 to the annual financial statements.

Political Donations
During the period, the Group made no charitable or political contributions (2017: £ nil). 

27

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Directors’ Report continued

Going Concern
The  Company  and  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  is  dependent  on  the  sourcing  of  additional  funding  by  the 
directors for the foreseeable future. The future of the Company and the Group is dependent on the successful future outcome of 
its short- and medium-term ability to raise new equity funding and the successful development of its energy development assets 
and of the availability of further funding to bring these  interests to production.  All these dependencies  are subject  to material 
uncertainty  but  in  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  consider  that  they  have  taken  into  account  all  information 
that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  be  available.  Consequently,  they  consider  that  it  is  appropriate  to  prepare  the  financial 
statements on the going concern basis.

The March 2019 extension to the Forward Payment Facility originally agreed with Sanderson Capital Partners in December 2016 
has provided further cash resources in order to ensure operational activities are continued as planned without interruption. The 
recent engagement letter signed with Wimmer Financial LLP in April 2019 also provides the basis for project financing of the 
Company’s African energy projects which, if successful, should also benefit cash-flow planning.

The directors are also following an active approach to continuously reduce administrative costs in order to alleviate the pressure 
on cash flow.

The directors have reviewed budgets, projected cash flows and other relevant information, and on the basis of this review, are 
confident that the Company and the Group will have adequate financial resources to continue in operational existence for the 
foreseeable future. 

Environmental responsibility
The Company recognises that its activities require it to have regard to the potential impact that it, its subsidiaries and partners 
may have on the environment. Where exploration and development works are carried out, care is taken to limit the amount of 
disturbance and where any remediation works are required they are carried out as and when required.

Dividends
There have been no dividends declared or paid during the current financial period (2017: £ nil).

Corporate Governance Policy
The Board is aware of the importance to conform to its statutory responsibilities and industry good practice in relation to corporate 
governance of the Group.

The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties and responsibilities 
the Board implements control procedures that assess and manage risk and ensure robust financial and operational management 
within the Company. The principal risks that the Company is exposed to can be classified under the general headings of exploration 
risk, commodity risk, price risk, currency risk and political risk.

The  Board  also  sets  the  Company’s  core  values  and  ethical  standards  of  business  conduct  ensuring  these  are  effectively 
communicated to all staff and are monitored continuously by the Board.

The Board sets the Company’s strategy and monitors its implementation through management and financial performance reviews. 
It also works to ensure that adequate resources are available to implement strategy in a timely manner.

The  Company  subscribes  to  the  values  of  good  corporate  governance  at  all  levels  and  is  committed  to  conduct  business 
with  discipline,  integrity  and  social  responsibility.  The  Board  of  Directors  is  firmly  committed  to  promoting  Kibo  Energy  PLC’s 
adherence to the principles contained in the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) (“QCA Code”) and constantly reviews its 
performance against the QCA Code. The Directors are committed to the implementation of the principles and non-compliance 
is limited to the matter listed in this report. In compliance with its statutory, AIM & JSE listing obligations, the directors present a 
Corporate Governance Report on page 16.

Role of Directors
All Board members ensure that appropriate governance procedures are adhered to and there is a clear division of responsibilities 
at Board level to ensure a balance of power and authority so that no one individual has unfettered powers of decision making.  
The role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are not held by the same director. The Chairman is a non-executive director. 

Board and Audit Committee meetings have been taking place periodically and the executive directors manage the daily Company 
operations with the Board meetings taking place on a regular basis throughout the financial period. During the current reporting 
period the Board met twenty six (26) times and provided pertinent information to the Executive Committee of the Company.

28

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

The Board is responsible for effective control over the affairs of the Company, including: strategic and policy decision-making 
financial control, risk management, communication with stakeholders, internal controls and the asset management process. 
Directors are entitled, in consultation with the Chairman, to seek independent professional advice about the affairs of the Company, 
at the Company’s expense.

The composition, roles and responsibilities of the board committees established by the Company are set out in the Corporate 
Governance Report.

Internal Audit
The Company does not have an internal audit function. Currently the operations of the Group do not warrant an internal audit 
function,  however  the  Board  is  assessing  the  need  to  establish  an  internal  audit  department  considering  future  prospects  as 
the  Group’s  operations  increase.  During  the  period  the  Board  has  taken  responsibility  to  ensure  effective  governance,  risk 
management and that the internal control environment is maintained.

Health, Safety and Environmental Policy
The Group is committed to high standards of Health, Safety and Environmental performance across our business. Our goal is to 
protect people, minimise harm to the environment, integrate biodiversity considerations and reduce disruption to our neighbouring 
communities. We seek to achieve continuous improvement in our Health, Safety and Environmental performance.

Corporate Social Responsibility Policy (CSR)
The Group’s policy is to conduct all our business operations to best industry standards and to behave in a socially responsible 
manner. Our goal is to behave ethically and with integrity and to respect cultural, national and religious diversity.

Governance of IT
The  Board  is  responsible  for  IT  governance  as  an  integral  part  of  the  Group’s  governance  as  a  whole.  The  IT  function  is  not 
expected to significantly change in the foreseeable future. The Board has the required policies and procedures in place to ensure 
governance of IT is adhered to.

Integrated and Sustainability Reporting
Integrated Reporting is defined as a “holistic and integrated representation of the Group’s performance in terms of both its finances 
and its sustainability”. The Group currently does not have a separate integrated report. The Board and its sub-committees are in 
the process of assessing the principles and practices of integrated reporting and sustainability reporting to ensure that adequate 
information  about  the  operations  of  the  Group,  the  sustainability  issues  pertinent  to  its  business,  the  financial  results  and  the 
results of its operations and cash flows are disclosed in a single report.

Statement of Directors Responsibility
The directors are responsible for preparing the Group and Company financial statements in accordance with applicable Laws 
and Regulations.

Irish Company law requires the directors to prepare Group and parent Company financial statements for each financial period. As 
permitted by Company law, the directors have prepared the Group financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU IFRS) and have elected to prepare the Company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014. 

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  are  required  by  law  and  EU  IFRS  to  present  fairly  the  financial  position  and 
performance of the Group. References in the relevant part of the Companies Act 2014 to financial statements giving a true and 
fair view are provided for in the Act to mean such references to the financial statements achieving a fair presentation. In preparing 
each of the Group and Company financial statements, the directors are required to:

•	 select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;

•	 make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•	 state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures  disclosed  and 

explained in the financial statements; and

•	 prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the  Group  and 

Company will continue in business.

The directors confirm they have complied with the above requirements in preparing these accounts. 

29

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Directors’ Report continued

Under  applicable  law  the  directors  are  also  responsible  for  preparing  a  Directors’  Report  and  reports  relating  to  directors’ 
remuneration and corporate governance that comply with that law and those rules. 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Company and which enable them to ensure that its financial statements are prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards, and comply with the Companies Act 2014, and European Communities (Companies: 
Group Accounts) Regulations 1992 and all regulations to be construed as one with those acts. They are also responsible for 
taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information  included  on  the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the Republic of Ireland governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

The Board
The Board is responsible for the supervision and control of the Company and is accountable to the shareholders. The Board 
has reserved decision-making on a variety of matters, including determining strategy for the Group, reviewing and monitoring 
executive management performance and monitoring risks and controls.

Accounting records
The measures taken by the directors to ensure compliance with the requirements in Sections 281 to 285 of the Companies Act 
2014, regarding proper books of account, are the implementation of necessary policies and procedures for recording transactions, 
the employment of competent accounting personnel with appropriate expertise and the provision of adequate resources to the 
financial  function.  The  books  of  account  of  the  Company  are  maintained  at  Kolonakiou,  37,  Linopetra,  P.C.  4103,  Limmasol, 
Cyprus. 

Compliance statement
The  directors  acknowledge  that  they  are  responsible  for  securing  the  Company’s  compliance  with  the  Company’s  “relevant 
obligations’’ within the meaning of section 225 of the Companies Act 2014 (described below as the “relevant obligations’’). 

The directors confirm that they have:

•	 drawn  up  a  compliance  policy  statement  setting  out  the  Company’s  policies  (that  are,  in  the  opinion  of  the  directors, 

appropriate to the Company) in respect of the Company’s compliance with its Relevant Obligations;

•	 put in place appropriate arrangements or structures that, in the opinion of the Directors, provide a reasonable assurance 

of compliance in all material respects with the Company’s Relevant Obligations; and

•	 during  the  financial  year  to  which  this  report  relates,  conducted  a  review  of  the  arrangements  of  structures  that  the 

directors have put in place to ensure material compliance with the Company’s Relevant Obligations.

On behalf of the Board

Christian Schaffalitzky
Date: 21 June 2019

Noel O’Keeffe 
Date: 21 June 2019

30

Audit Committee Report

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Dear Shareholders,

I am pleased to present this report on behalf of the Audit Committee and to report on the progress made by the Committee during 
the year. During 2018 the Company’s internal financial reporting and control systems were both expanded and streamlined in 
compliance with good corporate governance guidelines outlined in the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) and with advice 
from our Nomad and auditors.

Aims of the Audit Committee
Our  purpose  is  to  assist  the  Board  in  managing  risk,  discharging  its  duties  regarding  the  preparation  of  financial  statements, 
ensure that a robust framework of accounting policies is in place and enacted and oversee the maintenance of proper internal 
financial controls.

The Audit Committee consists of myself (Chairman) and two other non-executive directors, Christian Schaffalitzky and Wenzel 
Kerremans. The Committee aims to meet at least once each year and its key responsibilities include monitoring the integrity of 
the Group’s financial reporting and to approve and recommend the annual financial statements to the Board. The Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer are invited to attend meetings of the Committee. 

The Audit Committee is committed to: 

•	 Maintaining the integrity of the financial statements of the Company and reviewing any significant reporting matters therein; 

•	 Reviewing the Annual & Interim Report and Accounts and monitoring the accuracy and fairness of the Company’s financial 

statements;

•	 Ensuring compliance of financial statements with applicable accounting standards and the AIM & JSE Rules;

•	 Reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal financial control environment and risk management systems; and

•	 Overseeing the relationship with and the remuneration of the external auditor, reviewing their performance and advising 

the Board members on their appointment.

The Audit Committee met twice in 2018.

Activities of the Audit Committee during the year
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee has closely monitored the maintenance of internal controls and risk management 
during  the  year.  Key  financial  risks  are  reported  during  each  Audit  Committee  meeting,  including  developments  and  progress 
made towards mitigating these risks. 

The Audit committee received and reviewed reports from the Chief Financial Officer, other members of management and external 
auditors relating to the interim and annual accounts and the accounting and internal control systems in use throughout the Group.

The external auditors attended meetings to discuss the planning and conclusions of their work and meet with  members of the 
committee. The committee was able to call for information from management and consult with the external auditors directly as 
required.

The  objectivity  and  independence  of  the  external  auditors  was  safeguarded  by  reviewing  the  auditors’  formal  declarations, 
monitoring relationships between key audit staff and the Company and tracking the level of non-audit fees payable to the auditors. 
Significant attention was given to the level of non-audit fees provided.

As noted above, the committee met twice during the year, to review the 2017 annual accounts and the interim accounts to 30 
June 2018 and audit planning for the year ended 31 December 2018. Members of the committee reviewed with the independent 
auditor its judgements as to the acceptability of the Company’s accounting principles.

Since the year end the committee has met further with the auditors to consider the 2018 financial statements. In particular, the 
committee discussed the significant audit risks, accounting for acquisitions during the year, application of the new accounting 
standards,  IFRS  9  and  IFRS  15,  and  the  future  application  of  IFRS  16.  In  addition,  the  committee  monitors  the  auditor  firm’s 
independence from Company management and the Company.

Andreas Lianos
Chairman
Audit Committee
21 June 2019

31

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Independent Auditor’s Report

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Kibo Energy PLC (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for the 
year ended 31 December 2018, which comprise:

•	 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2018;

•	 Consolidated and parent company statements of financial position as at 31 December 2018;

•	 Consolidated and parent company statements of changes in equity for the year then ended;

•	 Consolidated and parent company statements of cash flows for the year then ended; and

•	 the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.
In our opinion:

•	 the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31 

December 2018 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended;

•	 the consolidated financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 

Union; 

•	 the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 

European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014; and

•	 the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. 

Basis for opinion 
We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (Ireland))  and  applicable  law.  Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit 
of the financial statements in Ireland, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to 
provide a basis for our opinion.

Material uncertainty related to going concern
We draw attention to page 43 of the financial statements, which details the factors the company has considered when assessing 
the going concern position. As detailed in the relevant note on page 43, the uncertainty surrounding the availability of funds to 
finance ongoing working capital requirements indicates the existence of a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on 
the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.  

Overview of our audit approach
Materiality
In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered material if it could reasonably 
be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. We used the concept of materiality to both 
focus our testing and to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified.

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  overall  materiality  for  the  Group  financial  statements  as  a  whole  to  be 
£230,000, based on 5% of the Group loss.

We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) to determine the extent of our testing for the audit of the financial 
statements.  Performance materiality is set based on the audit materiality as adjusted for the judgements made as to the entity 
risk and our evaluation of the specific risk of each audit area having regard to the internal control environment.

Where considered appropriate performance materiality may be reduced to a lower level, such as, for related party transactions 
and directors’ remuneration.

We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of £10,000. Errors below that threshold would 
also be reported to it if, in our opinion as auditor, disclosure was required on qualitative grounds.

32

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Overview of the scope of our audit
There are four significant components of the Group: Kibo Energy PLC as the parent entity, Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited, Mzuri 
Exploration Services Limited, and Katoro Gold Plc. The audit of the parent company and Katoro Gold Plc was conducted from 
the UK.

We  engaged  member  firms  of  the  Crowe  Global  international  network  to  undertake  the  audit  work  on  Kibo  Mining  (Cyprus) 
Limited and Mzuri Exploration Services Limited respectively under our direction. Following discussions held at the planning stage, 
we issued instructions to the network firms that detailed the significant risks to be addressed through the audit procedures and 
indicated the information we required to be reported. Finally, we reviewed relevant working papers and discussed key findings.

Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation 
of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our 
audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on 
these matters.

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.

Key audit matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter

Acquisition  of  Mabesekwa  Coal 
Power Project (“MCIPP”)

Independent 

We performed the following audit procedures:

During  the  period  the  group  acquired  MCIPP  from  an 
independent  third  party  through  a  share  issue.  The 
transaction  was  accounted  for  as  an  asset  acquisition 
under IFRS 3.

When planning our audit we considered the risk that this 
material transaction was not disclosed properly, that the 
accounting  policy  selected  was  inappropriate  and  that 
the assets acquired were materially misstated.

•	 Obtained the Sale and Purchase agreement to validate the transaction price

•	 Obtained  evidence  to  support  the  legal  title  to  the  exploration  rights 
acquired  and  detailed  of  the  independent  report  supporting  the  potential 
coal reserves

•	 Discussing the project directly with management to consider developments 

since acquisition including management’s plans for commercialisation

We considered the appropriateness of the accounting policy in line with IFRS 
guidance and ensuring that the policy selected reflected the commercial reality 
and therefore gave the most useful information to shareholders.

Acquisition of Mast Energy Developments Limited 
(“MED”) 

During  the  period  the  group  acquired  MED  from  an 
independent  third  party  through  a  share  issue.  The 
transaction was accounted for under IFRS 3.

When planning our audit we considered the risk that this 
material transaction was not disclosed properly, that the 
accounting  policy  selected  was  inappropriate  and  that 
the assets acquired were materially misstated

We performed the following audit procedures:

•	 Obtained the Sale and Purchase agreement to validate the transaction price

•	 Challenged  management  to  ensure  there  were  no  specifically  identifiable 

intangibles that should be recognised on acquisition

•	 Reviewed  development  on  the  projects  post  year  end  to  support  the 

carrying value of goodwill recognised

We considered the appropriateness of the accounting policy in line with IFRS 
guidance and ensuring that the policy selected reflected the commercial reality 
and therefore gave the most useful information to shareholders.

Valuation of exploration and evaluation (E&E) assets

We obtained details of management’s impairment assessment and:

The group has exploration activities in Tanzania (Mbeya 
Coal  to  Power  (MCPP)  and  Lake  Victoria  Gold  (LVG) 
Projects.  The  exploration  assets  at  31  December 
2018  totalled  £16.7m  and  an  impairment  of  £0.9m 
was recognised in the year due to the slow progress in 
furthering the LVG development and deemed insufficient 
subsequent recoverability of the asset value.

•	 Obtained  supporting  evidence  regarding  the  carrying  value  of  the  LVG 

project to support the post impairment carrying value

•	 Challenged  management  regarding  the  commercial  prospects  of  MCPP 
following  the  announcement  regarding  the  Tanesco  tender  and  obtained 
evidence to support managements alternatives for the project

•	 Reviewed the appropriateness of the disclosures in this area

We  considered 
further 
impairments  that  should  be  recognised  in  respect  of 
these projects.

there  were 

the  risk 

that 

Our audit procedures in relation to these matters were designed in the context of our audit opinion as a whole. They were not 
designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters individually and we express no such opinion.

33

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Independent Auditor’s Report continued

Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual 
report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not 
cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of 
assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, 
we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of 
the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2004
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

•	 the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements 

are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

•	 the directors’ report and strategic report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course 
of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2014 requires us to report to you if, in 
our opinion:

•	 adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 

received from branches not visited by us; or

•	 the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

•	 certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

•	 we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on pages 29 and 30, the directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control 
as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  parent  company’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no 
realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (Ireland) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or 
in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s 
website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

34

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Section 391 of the Companies Act 2014. 
Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state 
to  them  in  an  auditor’s  report  and  for  no  other  purpose.  To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  we  do  not  accept  or  assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed.

Matthew Stallabrass 
for and on behalf of 
Crowe U.K. LLP
Statutory Auditor
London
21 June 2019

35

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other
Comprehensive Income

Revenue

Administrative expenses

Impairment of intangible assets

Listing and Capital raising fees

Exploration expenditure  

Operating loss 

Investment and other income 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 

Taxation 

Loss for the period 

Other comprehensive (lossloss) / gain:

Items that may be classified subsequently to profit or loss:

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Other Comprehensive (loss)/gain for the period net of tax

Note

10

2

6

GROUP

31 December 
2018
Audited

31 December 
2017
Audited

£

-

£

-

(2,045,613)

(1,871,697)

(912,892)

(336,807)

(779,443)

-

(908,543)

(1,741,018)

(4,074,755)

(4,521,258)

38,042  

 1,445

(4,036,713)

(4,519,813)

-

-

(4,036,713)

(4,519,813)

-

(401,751)

(401,751)

-

16,985

16,985

Total comprehensive loss for the period 

(4,438,464)

(4,502,828)

Loss for the period 

Attributable to the owners of the parent

Attributable to the non-controlling interest

Total comprehensive loss for the period

Attributable to the owners of the parent

Attributable to the non-controlling interest

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share

Diluted loss per share

All activities derive from continuing operations.

(4,036,713)

(4,519,813)

(3,388,778)

(3,712,707)

18

(647,935)

(807,106)

(4,438,464)

(4,502,828)

(3,776,894)

(3,689,196)

(661,570)

(813,632)

8

8

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.010)

(0.010)

The Group has no recognised gains or losses other than those dealt with in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive 
Income.

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 21 June 2019 and signed on its behalf by:

On behalf of the Board

Christian Schaffalitzky
Date: 21 June 2019

Noel O’Keeffe 
Date: 21 June 2019

36

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Assets 

Non Current Assets 

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Goodwill

Total Non-current assets

Current Assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash

Total Current assets 

Total Assets

Equity and Liabilities

Equity

Called up share capital

Share premium account

Control reserve

Share based payment reserve

Translation reserve

Retained deficit

Attributable to equity holders of the parent 

GROUP

31 December 
2018
Audited

31 December 
2017
Audited
(Restated)

Note

£

£

9

10

11

12

13

14

14

15

16

17

20,240

7,650

26,059,525

17,596,105

300,000

-

26,379,765

17,603,755

89,349

654,158

59,046

766,586

743,507

825,632

27,123,272

18,429,387

17,240,017

14,015,670

39,205,318

28,469,750

(18,329)

41,807

(656,622)

(213,053)

556,086

(268,506)

(29,399,788)

(26,534,653)

26,412,403

16,025,294

Non-controlling interest                                                                                                             

18

409,171

927,107

Total Equity

Liabilities

Current Liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Total Current Liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities

26,821,574

16,952,401

19

20

301,698

-

266,218

1,210,768

301,698

1,476,986

27,123,272

18,429,387

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 21 June 2019 and signed on its behalf by:

On behalf of the Board

Christian Schaffalitzky
Date: 21 June 2019

Noel O’Keeffe 
Date: 21 June 2019

37

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Company Statement of Financial Position

Non Current Assets 

Investments in group undertakings

Trade and other receivables

Total Non-current assets

Current Assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash

Total Current assets

Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities

Equity

Called up share capital

Share premium

Share based payment reserve

Translation reserves

Retained deficit

Total Equity 

Liabilities

Current Liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Total Liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities

GROUP

31 December 
2018
Audited

31 December 
2017
Audited

Note

£

£

21

12

12

13

14

14

16

17

19

20

37,890,651

3,468,224

333,495

24,402,788

38,224,146

27,871,012

282

38,974

413

5,690

39,256

6,103

38,263,402

27,877,115

17,240,017

14,015,670

39,205,318

28,469,750

-

-

514,279

14,723

(18,277,005)

(16,434,811)

38,168,330

26,579,611

95,072

86,736

-

           1,210,768

95,072

1,297,504

38,263,402

27,877,115

Equity includes a loss for the year of the parent company of £2,356,473 (2017: £3,269,920).

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 21 June 2019  and signed on its 
behalf by:

On behalf of the Board

Christian Schaffalitzky
Date: 21 June 2019

Noel O’Keeffe 
Date: 21 June 2019

38

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O

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

COMPANY

Share
Capital

Share
premium

Share based 
payment
reserve

Foreign
currency
translation 
reserve

Retained
deficit

Total
equity

Balance as at
1 January 2017

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
loss - exchange
differences on translating 
foreign operations

Proceeds of share issue 
of share capital

Balance as at
31 December 2017

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive 
loss - exchange
differences on translating 
foreign operations

Reclassification of share 
based payment reserve 
on expired share options

Proceeds of share issue 
of share capital

Balance as at 
31 December 2018

Note

£

£

£

£

£

£

13,603,965

27,318,262

514,279

47,430

(13,164,891)

28,319,045

-

-

-

-

411,705

1,151,488

411,705

1,151,488

-

-

-

-

-

(3,269,920)

(3,269,920)

(32,707)

-

-

-

(32,707)

1,563,193

(32,707)

(3,269,920)

(1,739,434)

14,015,670

28,469,750

514,279

14,723

(16,434,811)

26,579,611

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(514,279)

3,224,347

10,735,568

-

-

(2,356,473)

(2,356,473)

(14,723)

-

(14,723)

-

-

514,279

-

-

13,959,915

3,224,347

10,735,568

(514,279)

(14,723)

(1,842,194)

11,588,719

17,240,017

39,205,318

14

14

-

16

-

17

(18,277,005)

38,168,330

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 21 June 2019 and signed on its behalf by

On behalf of the Board

Christian Schaffalitzky
Date: 21 June 2019

Noel O’Keeffe 
Date: 21 June 2019

40

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Cash flows from operating activities

Loss for the period before taxation

Adjustments for:

Impairment of intangible assets

Foreign exchange (gain)/loss

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

Cost settled through the issue of shares

Deal cost settled in shares

Movement in provisions

Deemed cost of listing

Movement in working capital

Increase in debtors

(Decrease)/Increase in creditors

Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds of issue of share capital

Repayment of borrowings

Proceeds from borrowings

Net cash proceeds from financing activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Net cash flow from acquisition of subsidiaries

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Net cash flows investing activities

Net increase in cash

Cash at beginning of period

Exchange movement 

GROUP

31 December 
2018

31 December 
2017

Audited

£

Audited

£

Note

(4,036,713)

(4,519,813)

10

2

9

16

12

19

14

20

20

11

9

-

912,892

(270,881)

6,805

126,966

-

-

-

-

-

249,437

2,738

260,000

155,539

(115,663)

206,680

(3,260,931)

(3,761,082)

(30,303)

35,480

5,177

(8,413)

119,838

111,425

(3,255,754)

(3,649,657)

3,100,000

(200,000)

251,565

3,151,565

1,817,743

-

1,751,928

3,569,671

-

(21,494)

465,408

(1,175)

(21,494)

           464,233

(125,683)

384,247

766,586

             382,339

13,255

-

Cash at end of the period 

13

654,158

766,586

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

41

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Company Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities

Loss for the period before taxation

Adjusted for:

Foreign exchange movement

Share based payments

Impairment of investment in subsidiary

Movement in provisions

Movement in working capital

(Increase) / Decrease in debtors

(Decrease) / Increase in creditors

Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds of issue of share capital 

Repayment of borrowings

Proceeds from borrowings

Net cash proceeds from financing activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Net cash flow from acquisition of subsidiaries

Cash advances to Group Companies

Net cash used in investing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash

Cash at beginning of period

COMPANY

31 December 
2018

31 December 
2017

Audited

£

Audited

£

Note

16

21

12

19

14

20

20

(2,356,473)

(3,269,920)

12,437

104,302

1,633,628

-

-

195,000

1,891,777

(115,663)

(606,106)

(1,298,806)

131

8,336

8,467

277

51,733

52,010

(597,639)

(1,246,796)

2,750,000

(200,000)

251,565

2,801,565

500,000

                 -

1,748,840

2,248,840

(75,000)

(2,095,642)

(2,170,642)

-

(1,018,436)

(1,018,436)

33,284

5,690

(16,392)

22,082

Cash at end of the period 

13

38,974

5,690

The accompanying notes on pages 50-70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

General Information
Kibo Energy PLC (“the Company”) is a Company incorporated in Ireland. The Group financial statements consolidate those of the 
Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). 

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries are related to the exploration for and development of coal and other 
minerals in Tanzania. 

The individual financial statements of the Company (“Company financial statements”) have been prepared in accordance with the 
Companies Act 2014 which permits a Company that publishes its Company and Group financial statements together, to take 
advantage of the exemption in Section 293 of the Companies Act 2014, from presenting to its members its Company Income 
Statement and related notes that form part of the approved Company financial statements.

Statement of Compliance
As  permitted  by  the  European  Union,  the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and their interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as 
adopted by the EU (IFRS). 

The IFRS adopted by the EU as applied by the Company and the Group in the preparation of these financial statements are those 
that were effective at 31 December 2018.

Statement of Accounting Policies
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial 
statements, other than the adoption of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 in the current financial period. The adoption of these standards has 
not resulted in a material change.

Basis of Preparation 
The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis.  The  accounting  policies  have  been 
applied consistently by Group entities, except for the adoption of new standards and interpretations which became effective in 
the current year. The Group and Company financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as explained in 
the notes to the financial statements.

The  individual  financial  information  of  each  Group  entity  is  measured  and  presented  in  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). The consolidated financial information of the Group is presented 
in Pounds Sterling, which is the presentation currency for the Group. The functional currency of each of the Group entities is the 
local currency of each individual entity.

Going Concern
The Group currently generates no revenue and had net assets of £26,821,574 (2017: £16,952,401) as at 31 December 2018.

The Directors have reviewed budgets, projected cash flows and other relevant information, and on the basis of this review and 
the below, they are confident that the Company and the Group will have adequate financial resources to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future.  

Following receipt of the additional funding from Sanderson Capital Partners, the Company has or has access to sufficient funds 
to continue the development activities for its various projects.

In the event that the Company is not able to raise further funding, and before any mitigating actions are taken, the Company has 
sufficient funds for its present working capital requirements for the foreseeable future. The directors though continue to review the 
Group’s options to secure additional funding for its general working capital requirements, alongside its ongoing review of potential 
acquisition targets and corporate development needs. The directors are confident in this light that such funding will be available, 
although  there  is  no  guarantee  as  to  the  terms  of  such  funding  or  that  such  funding  will  be  available.  In  addition,  any  equity 
funding may be subject to shareholder approvals in line with legal and regulatory requirements as appropriate. As a result, the 
directors continue to monitor and manage the Company’s cash and overheads carefully in the best interests of its shareholders. 

Whilst the directors continue to consider it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis the above 
constitutes a material uncertainty that shareholders should be aware of.

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KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued 

Use of Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with EU IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and 
assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. 
The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be 
reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets 
and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

In particular, there are significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have 
the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

The following key areas of estimation uncertainty exist:

•	 Valuation of mining licence and intangible assets.

The following key areas of judgement exist:

•	 Recognition and measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditure;

•	 Consolidation of Joint Venture interest;  and

•	 Acquisition accounting on acquisitions.

Valuation of mining licence and intangible assets– significant estimate concerning valuation
On  the  acquisition  of  Mabesekwa  Coal  the  principal  asset  acquired  was  a  mining  licence  for  a  prospective  coal  asset  where 
previous work had identified an indicative resource. The asset is considered to be unique and a fair market price is not easily 
obtainable. The overall value of the transaction, however, was separately reviewed by the independent directors, as announced 
to the market on various occasions. Given this management have applied the provisions within IFRS 2 to value the asset based 
on the fair value of the instruments granted.

Exploration and evaluation expenditure – significant judgement concerning the choice of accounting policy
In  line  with  the  Group’s  accounting  policy,  all  the  exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  has  been  charged  to  profit  or  loss, 
as  in  the  judgement  of  the  Directors  the  commercial  viability  of  the  mineral  deposits  had  not  been  established.  If  a  policy  of 
capitalisation of exploration expenditure had been adopted an amount of £779,443 would have been capitalised in the current 
year (2017: £1,741,018).

Consolidation of Joint Venture interest
As described in note 11 Kibo entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (“JV”) acquiring a 65% equity interest in the Benga Power 
Plant Project (“BPPP”). Although the agreement refers to the existence of a 65% equity stake, and Kibo’s ability to appoint three 
of  five  management  committee  members,  all  decisions  presented  in  front  of  the  management  committee  requires  absolute 
agreement by all committee members before it stands, failing which it would result in a decision to be made between the two 
respective CEO’s of the participating entities in the JV. Furthermore, the participating interest only allows to partake in the net 
revenue of the JV.

Acquisition accounting – significant judgement concerning the choice of accounting policy
As described in note 10 the acquisition of Mabesekwa Coal does not meet the definition of a business combination under IFRS 
3.  Management have therefore had to determine an appropriate accounting policy. This has therefore been accounted for as an 
asset acquisition and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired recognised on balance sheet. Management has determined 
that this accounting policy more faithfully reflects the underlying commercial substance of the transaction and therefore provides 
the most useful information to shareholders.

Consolidation 
The consolidated annual financial statements comprise the financial statements of Kibo Energy Plc and its subsidiaries for the 
year ended 31 December 2018, over which the Company has control.

Control is achieved when the Company:

•	 has the power over the investee;

•	 is exposed, or has rights, to variance return from its involvement with the investee; and

•	 has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. 

The Company reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstance indicate that there are changes to one 
or more of the three elements of control listed above.

In assessing control, potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are taken into account. Subsidiaries are 

44

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

fully consolidated from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. 

Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the 
Group.

Intragroup balances and any unrealised gains or losses or income or expenses arising from intragroup transactions are eliminated 
in preparing the Group financial statements, except to the extent they provide evidence of impairment.
The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of the business combination 
is measured as the aggregate of the fair values of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued. 
Costs  directly  attributable  to  the  business  combination  are  expensed  as  incurred,  except  the  costs  to  issue  debt  which  are 
amortised as part of the effective interest and costs to issue equity which are included in equity.

The acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities which meet the recognition conditions of IFRS 3 Business 
Combinations are recognised at their fair values at acquisition date.

Contingent liabilities are only included in the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquiree where there is a present obligation 
at acquisition date.

Non-controlling interest arising from a business combination is measured either at their share of the fair value of the assets and 
liabilities  of  the  acquiree  or  at  fair  value.  The  treatment  is  not  an  accounting  policy  choice  but  is  selected  for  each  individual 
business combination, and disclosed in the note for business combinations.

Changes in the Group’s interest in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

Upon the loss of control, the Company derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling interests and 
the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. If the Company 
retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, such interest is measured at fair value at the date that control is lost.

Any gain from the acquisition of a subsidiary or gain/loss from the disposal of subsidiary will be recognised through profit and loss 
in the current financial period.

Business combinations involving entities under common control
Business  combinations  involving  entities  under  common  control  comprise  business  combinations  where  both  entities  remain 
under the ultimate control of the holding Company before and after the combination, and that control is not transitory. The Group 
applies merger accounting for all its common control transactions from the date that it obtains control. In terms of this:

•	 the assets and liabilities of the acquiree are recorded at their existing carrying amounts (not fair value);

•	 if necessary, adjustments are made to achieve uniform accounting policies;

•	 intangible assets and contingent liabilities are recognised only to the extent that they were recognised by the acquiree in 

accordance with applicable IFRS;

•	 no goodwill is recognised. Any difference between the acquirer’s cost of investment and the acquiree’s equity is presented 

separately directly in equity as a common control reserve (CCR) on consolidation;

•	 any  non-controlling  interest  is  measured  as  a  proportionate  share  of  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  related  assets  and 

liabilities (as adjusted to achieve uniform accounting policies); and 

•	 any expenses of the combination are written off immediately in profit or loss, except for the costs to issue debt which are 

amortised as part of the effective interest and costs to issue equity which are recognised within equity.

When control is lost, resulting in the common control of entities, the balance of CCR recognised in respect of that acquisition is 
realised directly to retained earnings on the effective date when control is lost.

Intangible Assets
An intangible asset is regarded as having an indefinite useful life when, based on all relevant factors, there is no foreseeable limit to 
the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash inflows. Amortisation is not provided for these intangible assets 
but they are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
value may be impaired, and it is subsequently carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets comprise 
the acquisition of rights to explore in relation to the Group’s exploration and evaluation activities. Intangible assets comprise fair 
value  allocated  to  exploration  projects  purchased  through  business  combination  for  which  no  useful  life  has  been  accurately 
determined.

Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Group also tests intangible assets not yet available for use for 
impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable amount. This impairment test is performed during the 

45

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued 

annual period and at the same time every period.

Exploration & Evaluation Assets
Exploration  and  evaluation  activity  involves  the  search  for  mineral  resources,  the  determination  of  technical  feasibility  and  the 
assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. Exploration and evaluation activity includes:

•	 researching and analysing historical exploration data;

•	 gathering exploration data through topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies;

•	 exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling;

•	 determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource;

•	 surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements; and

•	 conducting market and finance studies.

Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  is  charged  to  the  Statement  of  Profit  or  Loss  as  incurred  except  in  the  following 
circumstances, in which case the expenditure may be capitalised:

•	 In respect of minerals activities:

- 

the exploration and evaluation activity is within an area of interest which was previously acquired as an asset acquisition 
or in a business combination and measured at fair value on acquisition; or

- 

the existence of a commercially viable mineral deposit has been established.

Capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure considered to be tangible is recorded as a component of property, plant and 
equipment at cost less impairment charges. Otherwise, it is recorded as an intangible. 

Intangible assets all relate to exploration and evaluation expenditure which are carried at cost with an indefinite useful life and 
therefore  are  reviewed  for  impairment  annually  and  when  there  are  indicators  of  impairment.  Where  a  potential  impairment  is 
indicated, assessment is performed for each area of interest in conjunction with the group of operating assets (representing a 
cash generating unit) to which the exploration is attributed. Exploration areas at which reserves have been discovered but require 
major capital expenditure before production can begin, are continually evaluated to ensure that commercial quantities of reserves 
exist or to ensure that additional exploration work is under way or planned.

Impairment
Non-financial assets
Assets are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount 
exceeds its recoverable amount.  

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing 
impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash generating units). 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount 
of the asset (cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of 
Profit or Loss immediately. 

Property, Plant and Equipment 
Property, Plant and Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. 
Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items of property, plant and equipment. The cost of 
self-constructed items of property, plant and equipment includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly 
attributable to bringing the items of property, plant and equipment to a working condition for its intended use, and the costs of 
dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major 
components) of property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less residual value of each asset over its expected useful life, as 
follows: 

-  Office equipment between 12.5% to 37.5% straight line;

-  Plant & machinery at 20% straight line;

-  Furniture & fixtures at 12.5% straight line;

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KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

-  Motor vehicles at 25% straight line; and

- 

I.T. Equipment at 20% straight line

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. Useful lives are affected by technology 
innovations, maintenance programmes and future economic benefits. Residual value assessments consider issues such as future 
market conditions, the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values. 

On disposal of property, plant and equipment the cost and the related accumulated depreciation and impairments are removed 
from the financial statements and the net amount, less any proceeds, is taken to the Statement of Profit or Loss.

Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at 
the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised 
for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction 
that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments 
in subsidiaries to the extent that they probably will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates 
that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the reporting date.

A  deferred  tax  asset  is  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  future  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which 
temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that 
it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

Employee benefits
Defined contribution plans
A  defined  contribution  plan  is  a  post-employment  benefit  plan  under  which  an  entity  pays  fixed  contributions  into  a  separate 
entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution 
pension plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which related services are 
rendered by employees. Pre-paid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future 
payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that are made more than 12 months after the end of the period 
in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.

Short-term benefits
Short-term  employee  benefit  obligations  are  measured  on  an  undiscounted  basis  and  are  expensed  as  the  related  service  is 
provided.

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonuses or profit-sharing plans if the Company 
has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the 
obligation can be estimated reliably.

Foreign Currencies
Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated annual financial statements are presented 
in Sterling, which is the Group’s presentation currency. This is also the functional currency of the Company and is considered by 
the Board also to be appropriate for the purposes of preparing the Group financial statements. 

Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at 
period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement 
of Profit or Loss. 

Group companies 
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that 
have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

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KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies continued 

•	 monetary  assets  and  liabilities  for  each  Statement  of  Financial  Position  presented  are  presented  at  the  closing  rate  at 
the date of that Statement of Financial Position. Non-monetary items are measured at the exchange rate in effect at the 
historical transaction date and are not translated at each Statement of Financial Position date;

•	 income and expenses for each Statement of Profit or Loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average 
is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case 
income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transaction): and

•	 all  resulting  exchange  differences  are  recognised  as  a  separate  component  of  equity.  On  consolidation,  exchange 
differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  monetary  items  receivable  from  foreign  subsidiaries  for  which  settlement  is 
neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to shareholders equity. When a foreign operation 
is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Finance income and expense
Finance  income  comprises  interest  income  on  funds  invested,  dividend  income,  gains  on  the  disposal  of  available-for-sale 
financial assets, and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income is recognised 
as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised in profit or loss on the date that 
the Group’s right to receive payment is established, which in the case of listed securities is the ex-dividend date. 

Finance  expenses  comprise  interest  expense  on  borrowings,  unwinding  of  discount  on  provisions,  changes  in  the  fair  value 
of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, impairment losses recognised on financial assets and losses on forward 
exchange contracts that are recognised in profit or loss. All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss using the effective 
interest method.

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.

Earnings per Share
The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing 
the  profit  or  loss  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  of  the  Company  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and 
the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Financial Instruments
Recognition
Financial  instruments  comprise  loans  receivable,  trade  and  other  receivables,  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  trade  and  other 
payables, other financial liabilities and bank overdrafts.

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to 
the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Classification
The Group classifies financial assets on initial recognition as measured at amortised cost as the Group’s business model and 
objective is to hold the financial asset in order to collect the contractual cash flow and the contractual terms allows for cash flows 
on specified dates for the payment of the principal amounts outstanding.

Financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost.

Financial assets

Loans to Group Companies

Trade and other receivables

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Classification in 2018 (IFRS 9)

Classification in 2017 (IAS 32)

Financial assets at amortised cost

Loans and receivables at amortised cost

Financial assets at amortised cost

Loans and receivables at amortised cost

Financial assets at amortised cost

Loans and receivables at amortised cost

Financial liabilities

Classification in 2018 (IFRS 9)

Classification in 2017 (IAS 32)

Loans from Group Companies

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Trade and other payables

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Borrowings

Bank overdraft

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial assets are classified as current if expected to be realised or settled within 12 months from the reporting date; if not, 
they are classified as non-current. Financial liabilities are classified as non-current if the Group has an unconditional right to defer 
payment for more than 12 months from the reporting date.

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KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Measurement on Initial recognition
All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value, including transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement
Financial assets held at amortised cost are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
any impairment losses. 

Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  and  impairments  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss.  Any  gain  or  loss  on  de-recognition  is 
recognised in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

De-recognition
Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been transferred 
and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligations specified in the contracts are discharged, cancelled or expire. 

On de-recognition of a financial asset/liability, any difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration 
paid is recognised in profit or loss.

Impairment of Financial Assets not carried at Fair value – IFRS 9
Under IFRS 9 the Group calculates its allowance for credit losses as expected credit losses (ECLs) for financial assets measured 
at amortised cost. ECLs are a probability weighted estimate of credit losses.

To calculate ECLs the Group groups trade receivables and loans to Group companies by customer type and ageing. The Group  
applies  the  standard  ECL  approach  to  determine  the  ECL  for  trade  receivables  loans  to  Group    companies.  This  results  in 
calculating lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables and loans to Group  companies. ECLs for trade receivables is 
calculated using a provision matrix.

Impairment of Financial Assets not carried at Fair value – IAS 39
A financial asset is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence that it is impaired. A 
financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more events had a negative effect on the 
estimated future cash flows for that asset.

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying 
amount, and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate.

Significant financial assets are tested for impairment on an individual basis. The remaining financial assets are assessed collectively 
in Group’s that share similar credit risk characteristics.

An  impairment  loss  is  reversed  if  the  reversal  can  be  related  objectively  to  an  event  occurring  after  the  impairment  loss  was 
recognised. For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Share based payments
For  such  grants  of  share  options  qualifying  as  equity-settled  share  based  payments,  the  fair  value  as  at  the  date  of  grant  is 
calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options 
were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of share options that are likely to 
vest, except where forfeiture is only due to market based conditions not achieving the threshold for vesting.

Share capital
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised directly in equity.

Segment reporting
The Group determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is internally provided to the Chief Executive 
Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker. A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group that is engaged either 
in providing related products or services (business segment), or in providing products or services within a particular economic 
environment (geographical segment), which is subject to risks and returns that are different from those of the other segments. The 
Group’s primary format for segment reporting is based on business segments. The business segments are determined based on 
the reporting business units.

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KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements

New standards and interpretations 

Standards issued but not yet effective:
At  the  date  of  authorisation  of  these  financial  statements,  the  following  standards  and  interpretations  relevant  to  the  Group 
and which have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but were not yet effective. In some cases these 
standards and guidance have not been endorsed for use in the European Union.

Standard

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS  16  introduces  a  single  lessee  accounting  model  and  requires  a  lessee  to  recognise 
assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying 
asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognise a right-of-use asset representing its 
right  to  use  the  underlying  leased  asset  and  a  lease  liability  representing  its  obligation  to 
make lease payments. A lessee measures right-of-use assets similarly to other non-financial 
assets (such as property, plant and equipment) and lease liabilities similarly to other financial 
liabilities. As a consequence, a lessee recognises depreciation of the right-of-use asset and 
interest on the lease liability, and also classifies cash repayments of the lease liability into a 
principal portion and an interest portion and presents them in the statement of cash flows.

Effective date, annual period beginning
on or after

1 January 2019

IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Venture

1 January 2019

Long-term  interest  in  Associates  and  Joint  Ventures:  Clarification  provided  that  an  entity 
should apply IFRS 9 to long-term interests in an associate or joint venture that form part of 
the net investment in the associate or joint venture but to which the equity method is not 
applied.

The directors anticipate that the adoption of these Standards and Interpretations in future periods will have no material impact on 
the financial statements of the Group, as the Group has no significant leases in excess of a 12 month period. 

The Group expects to adopt all relevant standards and interpretations as and when they become effective.

Standards and interpretations which are effective in the current period (Changes in accounting policies):
The Group has adopted all new accounting standards that became effective in the current reporting period. IFRS 9 Financial 
Instruments (IFRS 9) is the only new standard which is applicable to the Groups operations at this stage.

IFRS 9 was issued by the IASB in July 2014 and is effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. IFRS 9 
replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and introduces new requirements for:

•	 the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities;

•	 the impairment of financial assets and financial liabilities; and

•	 general hedge accounting.

Classification, measurement and de-recognition
There has been no change in the classification of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities.

Impairment model
IFRS 9 introduces an expected credit loss model as opposed to an incurred credit loss approach in recognising any impairment 
of financial assets. The expected credit loss model requires the Company to account for expected credit losses and changes in 
those expected credit losses at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the financial assets. 
In other words, it is no longer necessary for a credit event to have occurred before credit losses are recognised. 

Financial impact
The Group has adopted the modified retrospective approach in applying IFRS 9 whereby no comparative figures are restated but 
instead, a cumulative catch up adjustment is recognised, if necessary, in opening retained earnings. 

Other  than  disclosure,  the  above  change  in  accounting  policy  has  not  resulted  in  a  material  difference  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2018 by performing the 2018 allowance calculation based on the IFRS 9 requirements and consequently the opening 
retained earnings have not been adjusted.

50

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

1. Segment analysis
IFRS  8  requires  an  entity  to  report  financial  and  descriptive  information  about  its  reportable  segments,  which  are  operating 
segments or aggregations of operating segments that meet specific criteria. Operating segments are components of an entity 
about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating decision maker. The Chief 
Executive Officer is the Chief Operating decision maker of the Group.

Management  currently  identifies  two  divisions  as  operating  segments  –  mining  and  corporate.  These  operating  segments  are 
monitored and strategic decisions are made based upon them together with other non-financial data collated from exploration 
activities. Principal activities for these operating segments are as follows:

2018 Group

Revenue

Administrative cost

Impairment of intangible assets

Listing and Capital raising fees

Exploration expenditure

Investment and other income

Tax

Loss after tax

2017 Group

Revenue

Administrative cost

Capital raising fees 

Exploration expenditure

Investment and other income

Tax

Loss after tax

2018 Group

Assets

Segment assets

Liabilities

Segment liabilities

Other Significant items

Depreciation

2017 Group

Assets

Segment assets

Liabilities

Segment liabilities

Other Significant items

Depreciation

Mining and
Exploration

Group

-

-

-

-

(779,443)

38,042

-

Corporate

Group

-

31 December
2018 (£)

Group

-

(2,045,613)

(2,045,613

(912,892)

(336,807)

-

-

-

(912,892)

(336,807)

(779,443)

38,042

-

(741,401)

(3,295,312)

(4,036,713)

Mining and
Exploration

Group

-

-

-

(1,741,018)

1,445

-

Corporate

Group

-

(1,871,697)

(908,543)

-

-

-

31 December
2017 (£)

Group

-

(1,871,697)

(908,543)

(1,741,018)

1,445

-

(1,739,573)

(2,780,240)

(4,519,813)

Mining

Group

Corporate

31 December
2018 (£)

Group

Group

27,084,016

39,256

27,123,272

206,626

95,072

301,698

6,805

-

6,805

Mining

Group

Corporate

31 December
2017 (£)

Group

Group

18,423,284

6,103

18,429,387

264,562

1,297,504

1,562,066

2,738

-

2,738

51

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

Geographical segments
The Group operates in six principal geographical areas – Corporate (Ireland, Cyprus, South Africa, Canada & United Kingdom) 
and Mining (Tanzania).)

Major Operational indicators

Carrying value of segmented assets 

Loss after tax

Major Operational indicators

Carrying value of segmented assets 

Loss after tax

2. Investment and other Income

Foreign exchange gains

Other income

Ireland, United 
Kingdom, South 
Africa, Cyprus and 
Canada

31 December
2018 (£)

Group

Group

Tanzania 

Group

27,084,016

(766,748)

39,256

(3,269,966)

27,123,272

(4,036,713)

Ireland, United 
Kingdom, South 
Africa, Cyprus and 
Canada

31 December
2017 (£)

Group

Group

Tanzania 

Group

18,423,284

(1,626,824)

6,103

(2,892,989)

18,429,387

(4,519,813)

31 December 2018  31 December 2017

(£)

13,948

24,094

38,042  

(£)

463

982

1,445

3. Loss on ordinary activities before taxation

Operating loss is stated after the following key transactions:

31 December 2018  31 December 2017

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment of Group financial statements

Auditors’ remuneration for audit of Group and Company financial statements

Auditors’ remuneration audit of the financial statements of the company’s subsidiaries

4. Staff costs (including Directors)

(£)

6,805

45,000

22,000

(£)

2,738

35,000

2,500

Wages and salaries 

Share based remuneration

Group 
31 December 2018

Group 
31 December 2017

Company 
31 December 2018 

Company 
31 December 2017

(£)

663,470

-

(£)

876,628

260,000

663,470

1,136,628

(£)

353,484

-

353,484

(£)

502,677

260,000

762,677

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) during the period was as follows:

Group 
31 December 2018

Group 
31 December 2017

Company 
31 December 2018 

Company 
31 December 2017

(£)

10

6

16

(£)

10

6

16

(£)

1

1

2

(£)

1

1

2

Exploration activities

Administration

52

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

5. Directors’ emoluments

Basic salary and fees 

Share based payments

Group 
31 December 2018

Group 
31 December 2017

Company 
31 December 2018 

Company 
31 December 2017

(£)

441,558

-

441,558

(£)

464,210

195,000

659,210

(£)

353,484

-

353,484

(£)

338,578

195,000

533,578

The emoluments of the Chairman were £15,963 (2017 £13,135).
The emoluments of the highest paid director were £198,552 (2017: £260,210).
Directors received shares to the value of £ NIL during the year (2017: £195 000).

Key management personnel consist only of the directors. Details of share options and interests in the Company’s shares of each 
director are shown in the Directors’ Report. The following table summarises the remuneration applicable to each of the individuals 
who held office as a director during the reporting period:

31 December 2018

Christian Schaffalitzky

Louis Coetzee

Noel O’Keeffe

Lukas Maree

Wenzel Kerremans

Andreas Lianos

Total

31 December 2017

Christian Schaffalitzky

Louis Coetzee

Noel O’Keeffe

Lukas Maree

Wenzel Kerremans

Andreas Lianos

Total

Salary and fees

(£)

15,963

198,552

88,039

54,947

13,272

70,785

441,558

Share based
payments

(£)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Salary and fees

Share based
payments

(£)

13,135

195,210

125,632

13,772

13,115

103,346

464,210

(£)

-

65,000

65,000

-

-

65,000

195,000

     Total

(£)

15,963

198,552

88,039

54,947

13,272

70,785

441,558

     Total

(£)

13,135

260,210

190,632

13,772

13,115

168,346

659,210

£195,000 convertible loan notes were issued to directors of the Company who are also members of its Executive Committee on 
27 September 2017. The loan notes issued were in lieu of bonus shares due as part of an interim award approved by the Kibo 
board  on  24  April  2017.  On  28  September  2017,  these  directors  elected  to  convert  their  loan  notes  into  Kibo  shares.  These 
resultant  number  of  shares  issued  amount  to  3,900,000  ordinary  shares  at  an  issue  price  of  £0.05  per  share,  calculated  in 
accordance with the Note Term Sheet.

53

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

6. Taxation

Current tax

Charge for the period in Ireland, Canada, Republic of South Africa, Cyprus, United Kingdom
and Republic of Tanzania

Total tax charge

31 December 2018  31 December 2017

(£)

-

-

(£)

-

-

The  difference  between  the  total  current  tax  shown  above  and  the  amount  calculated  by  applying  the  standard  rate  of  Irish 
corporation tax of 12.5% to the loss before tax is as follows:

Loss on ordinary activities before tax

Income tax expense calculated at 12.5% (2017: 12.5%)

Income which is not taxable

Expenses which are not deductible

Losses available for carry forward

Income tax expense recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss

2018 

(£)

(4,036,713)

(504,589)

-

114,111

390,478

-

2017

(£)

(4,519,813)

(564,977)

-

97,199

467,778

-

The effective tax rate used for the December 2018 and December 2017 reconciliations above is the corporate rate of 12.5% 
payable by corporate entities in Ireland on taxable profits under tax law in that jurisdiction.

No provision has been made for the 2018 deferred taxation as no taxable income has been received to date, and the probability 
of future taxable income is indicative of current market conditions which remain uncertain. At the Statement of Financial Position 
date, the Directors estimate that the Group has unused tax losses of £25,000,200 (2017: £21,876,379) available for potential 
offset against future profits which equates to an estimated potential deferred tax asset of £3,125,024 (2017: £2,734,547). No 
deferred tax asset has been recognised due to the unpredictability of the future profit streams. Losses may be carried forward 
indefinitely in accordance with the applicable taxation regulations ruling within each of the above jurisdictions.

7. Loss of parent Company

As permitted by Section 293 of the Companies Act 2014, the Statement of Profit or Loss  of the parent Company has not been 
separately disclosed in these financial statements. The parent Company’s loss for the financial period was £2,356,473 (2017: 
£3,269,920).

8. Loss per share

Basic loss per share
The basic loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used for calculation purposes comprise the following:

Basic Loss per share

Loss for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent

31 December 2018  31 December 2017

(£)

(£)

(3,388,778)

(3,712,707)

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic loss per share

565,932,121

372,255,127

Basic loss per ordinary share

(0.006)

(0.010)

As there are no instruments in issue which have a dilutive impact, the dilutive loss per share is equal to the basic loss per share, 
and thus not disclosed separately.

54

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

9. Property, plant and equipment

GROUP

Cost

Furniture
and Fittings

Motor
Vehicles

Office
Equipment

I.T 
Equipment

Plant &
Machinery

(£)

(£)

(£)

Opening Cost as at 1 January 2017

121,309

219,292

45,693

Additions

Exchange movements

Closing Cost as at 31 December 2017

Disposals 

Additions

Exchange movements

1,004

(6,521)

115,792

-

(19,326)

199,966

-

(114,927)

1,354

5,837

16,396

5,340

Closing Cost as at 31 December 2018

122,983

106,775

-

(7,285)

38,408

-

1,118

1,419

40,945

(£)

31,549

171

(5,026)

26,694

-

2,164

1,658

30,516

Furniture
and Fittings

Motor
Vehicles

Office
Equipment

I.T 
Equipment

Plant &
Machinery

Accumulated Depreciation (“Acc Depr”) 

(£)

(£)

Acc Depr as at 1 January 2017

120,839

219,292

Depreciation

Exchange Movements

Acc Depr as at 31 December 2017

Disposals 

Additions

Exchange movements

Acc Depr as at 31 December 2018

856

(6,897)

114,798

-

314

7,075

122,187

-

(19,326)

199,966

(114,927)

3,712

5,341

94,092

(£)

40,660

905

(7,333)

34,232

-

1,254

2,032

37,518

(£)

27,945

977

(4,708)

24,214

-

1,063

1,905

27,182

8,821

310,040

(£)

5,672

-

1,745

7,417

-

462

942

(£)

5,672

-

1,745

7,417

-

462

942

Total

(£)

423,515

1,175

(36,413)

388,277

(114,927)

21,494

15,196

Total

(£)

414,408

2,738

(36,519)

380,627

(114,927)

6,805

17,295

8,821

289,800

Furniture
and Fittings

Motor
Vehicles

Office
Equipment

I.T 
Equipment

Plant &
Machinery

Carrying Value

Carrying value as at 31 December 2017

Carrying value as at 31 December 2018

(£)

994

796

(£)

(£)

-

             4,176

12,683

3,427

(£)

2,480

3,334

(£)

-

-

Total

(£)

7,650

20,240

55

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

10. Intangible assets

Intangible  assets  consist  solely  of  separately  identifiable  prospecting  and  exploration  assets  acquired  either  through  business 
combinations or through separate asset acquisitions. These intangible assets are recognised at the respective fair values of the 
underlying asset acquired, or where the fair value of the underlying asset acquired is not readily available, the fair value of the 
consideration.

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of intangible prospecting assets as at period end:

Valuation as at 1 January 2017

Impairment of prospecting asset

Reversal of impairment of licences

Carrying value as at 1 January 2018

Mabesekwa
Coal to       
Power Project

(£)

-

-

-

-

Mbeya Coal to 
Power Project

Lake Victoria 
Project 

(£)

(£)

Total

(£)

15,896,105

1,700,000

17,596,105

-

-

-

-

-

-

15,896,105

1,700,000

17,596,105

Acquisition of an 85% equity interest in the Mabesekwa Coal
Independent Power Project

Impairment of prospecting asset

9,376,312

-

-

-

Carrying value as at 31 December 2018

9,376,312

15,896,105

-

9,376,312

(912,892)

787,108

(912,892)

26,059,525

Intangible assets are not amortised, due to the indefinite useful life which is attached to the underlying prospecting rights and/
or intellectual property acquired, until such time that active mining operations commence, which will result in the intangible asset 
being amortised over the useful life of the relevant mining licences.

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are assessed for impairment on an annual basis, against the prospective fair value 
of the intangible asset. The valuation of intangible assets with an indefinite useful life is reassessed on an annual basis through 
valuation techniques applicable to the nature of the intangible assets.

One  or  more  of  the  following  facts  or  circumstances  indicate  that  an  entity  should  test  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  for 
impairment:

•	  the  period  for  which  the  entity  has  the  right  to  explore  the  asset  has  expired  during  the  period  or  will  expire  in  the 

foreseeable future;

•	 substantial expenditure on the asset in future is neither planned nor budgeted;

•	 exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the specific area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable 

quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area; and

•	 sufficient data exist to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying amount 

of the exploration and evaluation asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale.

In assessing whether a write-down is required in the carrying value of a potentially impaired intangible asset, the asset’s carrying 
value is compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell 
and  value  in  use.  The  valuation  techniques  applicable  to  the  valuation  of  the  abovementioned  intangible  assets  comprise  a 
combination of fair market values, discounted cash flow projections and historic transaction prices.

The following key assumptions influence the measurement of the intangible assets’ recoverable amounts, through utilising the 
value in use calculation performed:

•	 currency fluctuations and exchange movements applicable to model;

•	 commodity prices related to ore reserve and forward looking statements;

•	 expected growth rates in respect of production capacity;

•	 cost of capital related to funding requirements;

•	 applicable discounts rates, inflation and taxation implications;

•	 future operating expenditure for extraction and mining of measured mineral resources; and

•	 co-operation of key project partners going forward.

56

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Through review of the project specific financial, operational, market and economic indicators applicable to the above intangible 
assets, as well as consideration of the various elements which contribute toward the indication of impairment of exploration and 
evaluation assets, a partial impairment of the Lake Victoria Gold intangible asset was identified, as detailed in the latter part of this 
note. A summary of the assessment performed for each of the intangible assets are detailed below.

Mbeya Coal to Power Project
The  Group’s  flagship  exploration/prospecting  asset  remains  its  Mbeya  Coal  to  Power  Project  situated  in  the  Mbeya  region  of 
Tanzania, which comprises the Mbeya Coal Mine, a potential 1.5Mt p/a mining operation, and the Mbeya Power Plant, a planned  
300MW mine-mouth thermal power station. The Mbeya Coal Mine has a defined 120.8 Mt NI 43-101 thermal coal resource.  

A Definitive Feasibility Study has been conducted on the project which underpinned its value and confirmed an initial rate of return 
of 69.2%.  The 300MW mouth-of-mine thermal power station has long term scalability with the potential to become a 1000MW 
plant. The completed full Power Feasibility Study highlighted an annual power output target of 1.8GW based on annual average 
coal consumption of 1.5Mt.  

An Integrated Bankable Feasibility Study report for the entire project indicated total potential revenues of US$ 7.5-8.5 billion over 
an initial 25-year mine life, post-tax equity IRR between 21-22%, debt pay-back period of 11-12 years and a construction period 
of 36 months.

During the 2018 financial period, the Group continued to pursue various avenues in order to securing a formal binding Power-
Purchase Agreement with the Tanzania Electricity Supply Company (“TANESCO”). Subsequent to the completion of a compulsory 
tender process through TANESCO on the development of the Mbeya Coal to Power Project, the Group was informed that its bid 
to secure a Power-Purchase Agreement was unsuccessful.

Further engagement with TANESCO has subsequently culminated in the receipt of a formal notice from TANESCO inviting the 
Group it to develop the Mbeya Coal to Power Project for the export market and thereby enabling the Company to engage with 
the African Power Pools regarding potential off-take agreements.

As at year end, taking into account the various aspects listed above, the Group concluded that none of the impairment indicators 
had been met in relation to the Mbeya Coal assets.

Lake Victoria Project
During  the  year,  the  Group  (through  a  55.5%  shareholding  (as  at  31  December  2018)  owned  in  AIM-listed  subsidiary,  Katoro 
Gold PLC) completed all technical aspects of the pre-feasibility study (“PFS”). However, due to changes in the Tanzanian mining 
legislation  and  associated  mining  regulations  the  Group  suspended  completion  of  the  other  elements  of  the  PFS  to  conduct 
further assessments to determine the extent to which the new legislation and regulations could impact the viability of the project.  

Having completed this assessment, the Group concluded that there was still a upside in exploration and development potential 
for the further development of the project, however the immediate benefit to the Group would be through development of more 
advanced projects.

As at year end, taking into consideration the decision to suspend temporarily the further exploration of the Lake Victoria Project, 
the Group re-assessed the fair value of intangible assets with an indefinite useful life utilising an open market valuation based on 
offers received on the specific resource, concluding that there exists a potential impairment as the fair value of these intangible 
assets does not exceed the carrying value.

Thus, as at year end, an impairment amounting to ££912,892 was recognised, in relation to the Lake Victoria Project.

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project
On 3 April 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of an 85% interest in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power
Project, located in Botswana. The project comprises early stage development of a coal resource with the aim of developing a coal 
mine and associated thermal power plant This acquisition was in line with the Group’s strategy of positioning itself as a strategic 
regional electricity supplier in Southern Africa and creates many synergies with the MCPP in Tanzania.

As a result of the acquisition, 153,710,030 ordinary shares in Kibo were issued to Sechaba Natural Resources Limited
(“Sechaba”). Sechaba retained a 15% interest in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project and were granted the right 
to have its managing director (holding the role at the date of acquisition) gain a seat on Kibo’s board of directors. (no Sechaba 
representative currently sits on the Kibo board with Mr Mashale Phumaphi’s resignation). The intangible asset was recognised 
at the fair value of the consideration paid, which emanates from the fair value of the equity instruments issued as at transaction 
date, being £9,376,312.

The Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project is located approximately 40 km east of the village of Tonata and approximately 

57

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

50 km southwest of Francistown, Botswana’s second largest city. Certain aspects of the Project have been advanced previously 
by  Sechaba  Natural  Resources  Limited  (“Sechaba”),  including  water  and  land  use  permits  and  environmental  certification. 
Mabesekwa consists of a 300 Mt subset of a coal deposit which contained an insitu resource of approximately 777 Mt at the time 
of the Kibo acquisition (the balance of which the MCIPP holding company does not have any interest in).

A pre-feasibility study on a coal mine and a scoping study on a coal fired thermal power plant has been completed. Kibo is in 
possession of a Competent Persons Report on the project, which includes a SAMREC-compliant Maiden Resource Statement 
on the excised 300 Mt portion of the Mabesekwa coal deposit. 

Kibo has furthermore, submitted a formal full mining right application to the Botswana’s Department of Mines.

As  at  year  end,  taking  into  account  the  progress  made  in  relation  to  the  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  since 
acquisition, the Group concluded that none of the impairment indicators had been met in relation to the Mabesekwa coal assets.

11. Acquisition and Disposal of interests in other entities

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project
On 3 April 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of an 85% interest in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project, 
located in Botswana. This acquisition was in line with the Group’s strategy of positioning itself as a strategic regional electricity 
supplier in Southern Africa and creates many synergies with the MCPP in Tanzania.

As a result of the acquisition, 153,710,030 ordinary shares in Kibo were issued to Sechaba Natural Resources Limited (“Sechaba”). 
Sechaba  retained  a  15%  interest  in  the  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  and  were  granted  the  right  to  have  its 
managing director (holding the role at the date of acquisition) gain a seat on Kibo’s board of directors (no Sechaba representative 
currently sits on the Kibo board with Mr Mashale Phumaphi’s resignation) . The intangible asset was recognised at the fair value 
of  the  consideration  paid,  which  emanates  from  the  fair  value  of  the  equity  instruments  issued  as  at  transaction  date,  being 
£9,376,312.

MAST Energy Development Limited
The  Group  acquired  a  60%  equity  interest  in  MAST  Energy  Development  Limited  for  £300,000,  settled  through  the  issue  of 
5,714,286 ordinary shares in Kibo effective on 19 October 2018. The acquisition of MAST Energy Development Limited falls within 
the ambit of IFRS 3: Business Combinations. The net assets acquired were valued at Nil, with the resultant purchase price being 
allocated to Goodwill on date of acquisition.

Benga Power Plant Project
Kibo entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with Mozambique energy company Termoeléctrica de Benga S.A. to participate in 
the further assessment and potential development of the Benga Independent Power Project (‘BIPP’).  The assets associated with 
the acquisition were transferred into a newly incorporated entity in which Kibo and Termoeléctrica hold initial participation interests 
of  65%  and  35%  respectively,  which  Kibo  obtained  for  no  consideration  on  commencement.  As  disclosed  in  the  significant 
judgement section of the financial results, Kibo is not able to exercise control over the operations of the newly incorporated entity, 
therefore the investment is recognised as a Joint Venture for financial reporting purposes, which requires the recognition of the 
participants interest in the net revenue of the Joint Venture’s operations.

In order to maintain its initial participation interest Kibo is required to ensure funding of a maximum amount of £1 million towards 
the completion of a Definitive Feasibility Study.

Kibo Nickel Limited
The Group disposed of its entire interest in Kibo Nickel Ltd and its wholly owned subsidiary, Eagle Exploration Ltd (hereinafter 
referred to as “Kibo Nickel Group”), to Katoro Gold Plc for the purchase consideration of £200,000, settled through the issue of 
15,384,615 ordinary shares in Katoro Gold Plc, effective from 3 December 2018.

The Group retained an indirect controlling equity interest (55.53%) in the Kibo Nickel Group, through its directly held subsidiary, 
Katoro Gold PLC. As the change in Kibo’s equity interest in the Kibo Nickel Group did not result in a loss of control, the transaction 
was recognised as a transaction with owners in their capacity as owners. 

58

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

12. Trade and other receivables

Amounts falling due over one year:

Amounts owed by group undertakings

Amounts falling due within one year:

Other debtors

Group
2018 

 (£)

-

89,349

89,349

Group
2017 

Company 
2018 

(£)

Company
2017

(£)

333,495

24,402,788

(£)

-

59,046

59,046

282

413

333,777

24,403,201

The nature of amounts owed by Group undertakings is such that the expected recovery thereof is in excess of one year, and is 
thus classified as amounts falling due after one year.

The carrying value of current trade and other receivables approximates their fair value.

Amounts owed by Group undertakings represent inter-company loans between the Company and its subsidiaries. They have no 
fixed repayment terms, bear no interest and are unsecured, resulting in the recognition of the receivable as a non-current asset 
due to settlement being extended beyond 12 months.

During the period the Board resolved to capitalise inter-company loans and convert the respective loans owed by subsidiaries 
into share capital in order to adhere to international transfer pricing regulation and this resulted in a corresponding decrease in 
amounts owed by group undertakings.

Trade and other receivables pledged as security
None of the above stated trade and other receivables were pledged as security at period end. Credit quality of trade and other 
receivables that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to historical repayment trends of the individual 
debtors.

13. Cash

Cash consists of:

Short term convertible cash reserves

Group
2018 

 (£)

654,158

654,158

Group
2017 

(£)

766,586

766,586

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

38,974

38,974

(£)

5,690

5,690

Cash has not been ceded, or placed as encumbrance toward any liabilities as at year end.

14. Share capital - Group and Company

Authorised equity

1,000,000,000 (2017: 1,000,000,000) Ordinary shares of €0.015 each 

3,000,000,000 Deferred shares of €0.009 each

Allotted, issued and fully paid shares

(2018: 640,031,069 Ordinary shares of €0.015 each)

(2017: 395,254,364 Ordinary shares of €0.015 each)

(1,291,394,535 Deferred shares of €0.009 each)

2018

2017

€15,000,000

€15,000,000

€27,000,000

€27,000,000

€42,000,000

€42,000,000

£7,982,942                       

-           

-

£4,758,595

£9,257,075

£9,257,075

£17,240,017

£14,015,670

59

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

Number
of Shares

Ordinary 
Share Capital

Deferred 
Share Capital

(£)

(£)

Share
Premium

(£)

Balance at 31 December 2017

395,254,364

4,758,595

9,257,075

28,469,750

Shares issued during the period

244,776,705

3,224,347

-

10,735,568

Balance at 31 December 2018

640,031,069

7,982,942

9,257,075

39,205,318

Treasury 
shares

(£)

-

-

-

All ordinary shares issued have the right to vote, right to receive dividends, a copy of the annual report, and the right to transfer 
ownership of their shares.

The Deferred Shares will not entitle holders to receive notice of, or attend or vote at any general meeting of the Company or to 
receive a dividend or other distribution or to participate in any return on capital on a winding up other than the nominal amount 
paid  following  a  substantial  distribution  to  the  holders  of  the  Ordinary  Shares  in  the  Company.  Accordingly,  for  all  practical 
purposes the Deferred Shares will be valueless, and it is the board’s intention at the appropriate time, to purchase the Deferred 
Shares at an aggregate consideration of €1.

15. Control reserve

The transaction with Opera Investments PLC in 2017 represented a disposal without loss of control. Under IFRS this constitutes a 
transaction with equity holders and as such is recognised through equity as opposed to recognising goodwill. The control reserve 
represents the difference between the purchase consideration and the book value of the net assets and liabilities acquired in the 
transaction with Opera Investments. 

16. Share based payments

Share based payment reserve
The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of the share based payment reserve as at period end:

Opening balance of share based payment reserve

Issue of share options and warrants

Reclassification of share based payment reserve on expired share options

Group
2018 

(£)

556,086

-

(514,279)

41,807

Group
2017

(£)

514,279

41,807

-

556,086

Share options and warrants in the current year relate to 1,208,333 ordinary shares in Katoro Gold PLC Group, issued to directors 
of Katoro Gold Plc. The fair value of the warrants issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. 
The fair value at the date of the grant per warrant was £0.06. 

Opening balance of share based payment reserve

Reclassification of share based payment reserve on expired share options

Company
2018 

(£)

514,279

(514,279)

-

Expenses settled through the issue of shares
The Group recognised the following expense related to equity settled share based payment transactions:

Geological expenditure settled*

Listing and capital raising fees

2018 

(£)

22,616

104,302

126,918

Company
2017

(£)

514,279

-

514,279

2017

(£)

13,194

908,543

921,737

*  The  Group  issued  779,878  (2017:  277,768)  ordinary  shares  of  €0.010  (2017:  €0.015)  par  value  each  in  the  capital  of  the 
Company to exploration service providers in settlement of invoices for a total amount of £22,616 (2017: £13,194). The shares 
issued were in respect of invoices for geological and investor relations services by Katoro Gold PLC (2017: Kibo Energy PLC).

60

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

The Company recognised the following expense related to equity settled share based payment transactions:

Listing and capital raising fees

2018 

(£)

104,302

104,302

2017

(£)

195,000

195,000

At 31 December 2018 the Company had Nil options and Nil warrants outstanding. The previously issued Options and Warrants, 
as  listed  below,  had  all  expired,  with  the  corresponding  share  based  payment  charge  being  reclassified  through  equity  in  the 
Group & Company Statement of Changes in Equity.

Options

Warrants

Total Contingently Issuable 
shares

Date
of Grant

Exercise start 
date

02 Jun 15

20 Feb 15

02 Jun 15

24 Mar 15

Expiry
date

1 Jun 18

23 Mar 18

Exercise
Price

5p

9p

Number
Granted

14,399,333

10,000,000

-

Exercisable as 
at 31 December 
2018

-

-

-

Reconciliation of the quantity of share options in issue:

Opening balance

Expiration of share options 

Reconciliation of the quantity of warrants in issue:

Opening balance 

Warrants lapsed

17. Translation reserves

Group
2018 

Group
2017 

Company
2018 

Company
2017

14,399,333

14,399,333

14,399,333

14,399,333

(14,399,333)

-

(14,399,333)

-

-

14,399,333

-

14,399,333

Group
2018 

Group
2017 

Company
2018 

Company
2017

10,000,000

10,000,000

10,000,000

10,000,000

(10,000,000)

-

(10,000,000)

-

-

10,000,000

-

10,000,000

The foreign exchange reserve relates to the foreign exchange effect of the retranslation of the Group’s overseas subsidiaries on 
consolidation into the Group’s financial statements, taking into account the financing provided to subsidiary operations is seen as 
part of the Group’s net investment in subsidiaries.

Opening balance 

Movement during the period

Closing balance

18. Non-controlling interest

Group
2018 

(£)

(268,506)

(388,116)

(656,622)

Group
2017 

(£)

(285,491)

16,985

(268,506)

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

14,723

(14,723)

(£)

47,430

(32,707)

-

      14,723

The non-controlling interest carried forward relates to the 2.5% interest held by Sanderson Capital Partners Limited in the Mbeya 
Coal Development Limited and its subsidiaries and 44.47% equity in Katoro Gold PLC and its subsidiaries. 

Opening balance 

Disposal of interest in subsidiary without loss of control

Additional capital raised

Loss for the year allocated to non-controlling interest

Closing balance of non-controlling interest

Group
2018 

(£)

927,107

Group
2017
(Restated) 

(£)

(1,435)

(9,364)

1,742,174

152,998

(661,570)

409,171

-

(813,632)

927,107

61

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

The summarised financial information for significant subsidiaries in which the non-controlling interest has an influence, namely the 
Katoro Gold Group as at ended 31 December 2018, is presented below:

Statement of Financial position

Total assets

Total liabilities

Statement of Profit and Loss

Revenue for the period

Loss for the period

Statement of Cash Flow

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

19. Trade and other payables

Amounts falling due within one year:

Trade payables

Katoro plc 
Group
2018 

Katoro plc 
Group
2017 

(£)

(£)

622,231

(175,499)

566,658

(175,284)

-

-

(479,205)

(1,888,464)

(465,669)

(1,230,170)

-

-

313,560

1,783,753

Group
2018 

(£)

Group
2017 

(£)

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

(£)

301,698

301,698

266,218

266,218

95,072

95,072

86,736

86,736

The  carrying  value  of  current  trade  and  other  payables  equals  their  fair  value  due  mainly  to  the  short  term  nature  of  these 
receivables.

20. Borrowings

Amounts falling due within one year:

Short term loans

Reconciliation of borrowings:

Opening balance

Raised during the year

Repaid during the year

Group
2018 

(£)

Group
2017 

(£)

-

-

1,210,768

1,210,768

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

-

-

(£)

1,210,768

1,210,768

Group
2018 

(£)

Group
2017 

(£)

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

(£)

1,210,768

251,928

1,210,768

251,928

251,565

1,748,840

251,565

1,748,840

(200,000)

-

(200,000)

-

Settled through the issue of shares

(1,262,333)

(790,000)

(1,262,333)

(790,000)

Closing balance

-

1,210,768

-

1,210,768

During the current period the Group entered into a settlement agreement with Sanderson Capital Partners Limited (‘Sanderson’) 
in order to settle the outstanding balance owed on the forward payment facility (the “Facility”) agreed on 20 December 2016. 
Accordingly, Sanderson was issued 8,370,716 and  21,239,375 new ordinary Kibo shares (the ‘Conversion Shares’) of par value 
€0.015 each, at a price of £0.05 and £0.0525 per Kibo share, on 1 May 2018 and 6 July 2018 respectively, in order to settle the 
outstanding balance owed to Sanderson.

62

21. Investment in group undertakings

Breakdown of Investments as at 31 December 2018

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited

Sloane Developments Limited

Katoro Gold PLC

Investments at Cost

Breakdown of Investments as at 31 December 2018

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited

Sloane Developments Limited

Katoro Gold PLC

Investments at Cost

Reconciliation of Investments at Cost

At 1 January 2017

Additions in Katoro Gold PLC

Provision for impairment

At 31 December 2017

Additions in Kibo Mining Cyprus Limited

Additions in Katoro Gold PLC

Provision for impairment

At 31 December 2018 

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Subsidiary 
undertakings 

(£)

37,406,177

-

484,474

37,890,651

Subsidiary 
undertakings 

(£)

1,700,000

-

1,768,224

3,468,224

Subsidiary 
undertakings 

(£)

1,700,000

3,710,000

(1,941,776)

3,468,224

35,706,177

349,878

(1,633,628)

37,890,651

63

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

At 31 December the Company had the following undertakings:

Subsidiary,
associate or 
Joint Venture

Incorporated 
and Registered 
in 

Interest 
held 
(2018)

Interest 
held 
(2017)

Activity

Description

Directly held subsidiaries

Sloane Developments Limited

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited

Katoro Gold Plc

Indirectly held subsidiaries

MAST Energy Development Limited

Kibo Gold Limited

Savannah Mining Limited

Reef Miners Limited

Kibo Nickel Limited

Eagle Exploration Limited

Mzuri Energy Limited

Mbeya Holdings Limited

Mbeya Development Limited

Mbeya Mining Company Limited

Mbeya Coal Limited

Mzuri Power Limited

Mbeya Power Tanzania Limited

Kibo Mining South Africa (Pty) Ltd

Kibo Exploration (Tanzania) Limited

Kibo MXS Limited

Tourlou Limited

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Holding Company

United Kingdom

Treasury Function

Cyprus

100%

100%

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

United Kingdom

55.53%

Power Generation

United Kingdom

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Holding Company

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Subsidiary

Holding Company

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Holding Company

Holding Company

Holding Company

Holding Company

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Holding Company

Power Generation

Treasury Function

Holding Company

Holding Company

Treasury Function

South Africa

100%

100%

57%

-

57%

57%

57%

100%

100%

100%

97.5%

97.5%

97.5%

100%

100%

97.5%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

-

Cyprus

Tanzania

Tanzania

Cyprus

Tanzania

Canada

Cyprus

Cyprus

Cyprus

Tanzania

Cyprus

Tanzania

Tanzania

Cyprus

Cyprus

Tanzania

Tanzania

Tanzania

Cyprus

Cyprus

Tanzania

Tanzania

60%

55.53%

55.53%

55.53%

55.53%

55.53%

100%

97.5%

97.5%

97.5%

100%

100%

97.5%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

65%

Mzuri Exploration Services Limited

Subsidiary

Exploration Services

Protocol Mining Limited

Jubilee Resources Limited

Kibo Energy Botswana Limited

Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited

Subsidiary

Exploration Services

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Subsidiary

Subsidiary

Holding Company

Holding Company

Pinewood Resources Limited

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Makambako Resources Limited

Subsidiary

Mineral Exploration

Benga Power Plant Ltd

Joint Venture

Power Generation

Mozambique

In the current period, the Group applied the approach whereby loans to Group undertakings and trade receivables from Group 
undertakings  were  capitalised  to  the  cost  of  the  underlying  investments.  The  capitalisation  would  result  in  a  decrease  in  the 
exchange fluctuations between Group companies operating from various locations.

64

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

22. Related party transactions 

Related parties of the Group comprise subsidiaries, joint ventures, significant shareholders, the Board of Directors and related 
parties in terms of the listing requirements.

Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation.

Board of Directors/ Key Management

Name

Andreas Lianos

Relationship (Directors of:)

River Group, Boudica Group, and Namaqua Management Limited

Other entities over which directors/key management or their close family have control or significant influence:

River Group

Boudica Group

River Group provide corporate advisory services and is the Company’s Designated Advisor

Boudica Group provides secretarial services to the Group.

Kibo Energy PLC is a shareholder of the following companies and as such are considered related parties:

Directly held subsidiaries:

Sloane Developments Limited

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 

Katoro Gold PLC

Indirectly held subsidiaries:

Kibo Gold Limited

Kibo Mining South Africa Proprietary Limited 

Savannah Mining Limited

Reef Miners Limited

Kibo Nickel Limited

Eagle Exploration  Limited

Mzuri Energy Limited

Rukwa Holdings Limited

Mbeya Development Company Limited

Mbeya Mining Company Limited

Mbeya Coal Limited

Mbeya Power Limited

Kibo Exploration (Tanzania) Limited

Mbeya Power (Tanzania) Limited

Kibo MXS Limited

Mzuri Exploration Services Limited

Katoro Cyprus Limited

Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited 

Pinewood Resources Limited

Makambako Resources Limited

Jubilee Resources Limited

Kibo Energy Botswana Limited

MAST Energy Developments Limited

The transactions during the period between the Company and its subsidiaries  included the settlement of expenditure to/from 
subsidiaries, working capital funding, and settlement of the Company’s liabilities through the issue of equity in subsidiaries. The 
loans to/ from group companies do not have fixed repayment terms and are unsecured. 

The following transactions have been entered into with related entities, by way of common directorship, throughout the financial 
period.

65

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

River Group was paid £46,145 (2017: £78,294) for designated advisor services, corporate advisor services and corporate finance 
fees during the year settled through cash. No fees are payable to River Group as at year end. The expenditure was recognised in 
the Company as part of administrative expenditure. 

During  the  year,  Namaqua  Management  Limited  or  its  nominees,  was  paid  £629,293  (2017:  £573,438)  for  the  provision  of 
administrative and management services. £ NIL was payable at the year-end (2017: £48,824). 

The Boudica Group was paid £38,038 (2017: £59,358) in cash for corporate services during the current financial period. No fees 
are payable to Boudica Group at year end. 

23. Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management

The  Group  and  Company’s  principal  financial  instruments  comprises  cash  at  hand  and  in  bank.  The  main  purpose  of  these 
financial instruments is to provide finance for the Group and Company’s operations. The Group has various other financial assets 
and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from its operations. 

It is, and has been throughout the 2018 and 2017 financial period, the Group and Company’s policy not to undertake trading in 
derivatives. 

The  main  risks  arising  from  the  Group  and  Company’s  financial  instruments  are  foreign  currency  risk,  credit  risk,  liquidity  risk, 
interest rate risk and capital risk. Management reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks which are summarised 
below.

Financial instruments of the Group are:

Financial assets at amortised cost

Trade and other receivables

Cash 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Trade payables  

Borrowings

Financial instruments of the Company are:

Financial assets at amortised cost

Trade and other receivables – non current

Trade and other receivables – current

Cash 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Trade payables – current

Borrowings

2018
Loans and 
receivables

(£)

89,349

654,158

2018
Financial 
liabilities 

2017
Loans and 
receivables 

2018
Financial 
liabilities

(£)

-

-

(£)

59,046

766,586

(£)

-

-

-

-

301,698

-

-

-

266,218

1,210,768

743,507

301,698

825,632

1,476,986

2018
Loans and 
receivables

(£)

333,495

282

38,975

2018
Financial 
liabilities 

2017
Loans and 
receivables 

2018
Financial 
liabilities

(£)

-

-

-

(£)

24,402,788

413

5,690

(£)

-

-

-

-

-

95,072

-

-

-

86,736

1,210,768

372,752

95,072

24,408,891

1,297,504

Foreign currency risk
The  Group  undertakes  certain  transactions  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  and  exposures  to  exchange  rate  fluctuations 
therefore  arise.  Exchange  rate  exposures  are  managed  by  continuously  reviewing  exchange  rate  movements  in  the  relevant 
foreign  currencies.  The  exposure  to  exchange  rate  fluctuations  is  limited  as  the  Company’s  subsidiaries  operate  mainly  with 
Sterling, Euros, South African Rand, US Dollar and Tanzanian Shillings. 

At the period ended 31 December 2018, the Group had no outstanding forward exchange contracts.

66

Exchange rates used for conversion of foreign subsidiaries undertakings were:

ZAR to GBP (Spot)

ZAR to GBP (Average)

USD to GBP (Spot)

USD to GBP (Average)

EURO to GBP (Spot)

EURO to GBP (Average)

CAD to GBP (Spot)

CAD to GBP (Average)

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

2018 

2017 

0.0545

0.0593

0.7871

0.7499

0.0095

0.8848

0.5782

0.5786

0.0599

0.0593

0.7411

0.7755

0.8877

0.8699

0.5903

0.5964

The Executive management of the Group monitor the Group’s exposure to the concentration of fair value estimation risk on a 
monthly basis.

Group Sensitivity Analysis
If the GBP:EURO/ EURO:USD exchange rate was to increase/decrease by 10%, the effect on foreign currency translation would 
be  £Nil    (2017:  £2.2  million)  and  £Nil    (2017:  £0.48  million)  respectively.  During  the  current  period  the  Group  capitalised  the 
advances  to/(from)  group  companies  as  part  of  the  cost  of  the  underlying  investments,  thereby  significantly  decreasing  the 
potential impact from foreign currency fluctuations.

Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. 
As the Group does not, as yet, have any sales to third parties, this risk is limited.

The Group and Company’s financial assets comprise receivables and cash and cash equivalents. The credit risk on cash and 
cash equivalents is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings assigned by international credit rating 
agencies. The Group and Company’s exposure to credit risk arise from default of its counterparty, with a maximum exposure 
equal to the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents in its consolidated statement of financial position. Expected credit 
losses  were  not  measured  on  a  collective  basis.  The  various  financial  assets  owed  from  group  undertakings  were  evaluated 
against the underlying asset value of the investee, taking into account the value of the various projects undertaken during the 
period, thus validating, as required the credit loss recognised in relation to amounts owed by group undertakings.

The Group does not have any significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any Group of counterparties having 
similar characteristics. The Group defines counterparties as having similar characteristics if they are connected or related entities.

Financial assets exposed to credit risk at period end were as follows:

Financial instruments

Trade & other receivables

Cash

Group
2018 

(£)

89,349

654,158

Group
2017 

(£)

59,046

766,586

Company
2018 

Company
2017

(£)

(£)

333,777

24,403,201

38,974

5,690

Liquidity risk management
Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has built an appropriate liquidity risk 
management framework for the management of the Group and Company’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity 
management requirements. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves and by continuously monitoring 
forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. Cash forecasts are regularly 
produced to identify the liquidity requirements of the Group.  

67

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

The Group and Company’s financial liabilities as at 31 December 2018 were all payable on demand, other than the trade payables 
to other Group undertakings.

Group

At 31 December 2018

Trade and other payables

At 31 December 2017

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Company

At 31 December 2018

Trade and other payables

At 31 December 2017

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Less
than 1 year 

Greater
than 1 year 

(£)

(£)

301,698

266,218

1,210,768

-

-

-

(£)

(£)

95,072

86,736

1,210,768

-

-

-

Interest rate risk
The Group and Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Group and Company’s 
holdings of cash and short term deposits.

It is the Group and Company’s policy as part of its management of the budgetary process to place surplus funds on short term 
deposit in order to maximise interest earned.

Group Sensitivity Analysis:
Currently no significant impact exists due to possible interest rate changes on the Company’s interest bearing instruments.

Capital risk management
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising 
the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.

The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain 
or adjust its capital structure, the Group may adjust or issue new shares or raise debt. No changes were made in the objectives, 
policies or processes during the period ended 31 December 2018. The capital structure of the Group consists of equity attributable 
to equity holders of the parent, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained losses as disclosed in the consolidated statement 
of changes in equity.

Fair values 
The  carrying  amount  of  the  Group  and  Company’s  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  recognised  at  amortised  cost  in  the 
financial statements approximate their fair value.

Hedging
At 31 December 2018, the Group had no outstanding contracts designated as hedges.

68

 
KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

24. Post Statement of Financial Position events

Conversion of Sanderson Minority Interest in Mbeya Development Company Limited into Kibo Energy PLC 
Shares  and Continuation of Forward Payment Facility
Kibo Energy PLC (“Kibo” or the “Company”) signed a binding term sheet with Sanderson Capital Partners where Kibo  issued 
126,436,782 new Ordinary Shares of par value €0.015 (the “Conversion Shares”) to Sanderson in conversion of its 2.5% minority 
interest in Mbeya Development Company Limited into equity directly in Kibo Energy PLC effective from 11 March 2019 onward. 
Furthermore, the agreement provides for the continuation of Kibo’s USD2,940,000 Forward Payment Facility (the “Facility”) signed 
between Kibo and Sanderson entered into during 2016. The Facility was available for a first immediate draw by Kibo, amounting 
to GBP100,000 and a second draw on or any time before 15 March 2019 amounting to no more than GBP400,000 with the first 
draw completed and the second draw up to GBP320,000 leaving GBP80,000 available under the second specified draw. Any 
additional draw-downs of the balance of the USD2,940,000 limit are to be agreed between Kibo and Sanderson on a case by 
case basis, and all draw-down amounts will be subject to a facilitation and implementation fee of GBP5,000 per GBP100,000 
drawn down.  Kibo is not obliged to draw down any of the Facility and the initial fee payment of USD732,036 of ordinary shares 
in Kibo, made to Sanderson under the original Facility arrangement, was a one-off payment and is not required to be paid again.

Mbeya Coal to Power Project
The  Tanzania  Electricity  Supply  Company  (“TANESCO”),  informed  the  Company  during  February  2019,  without  providing  any 
reasons or explanation, that it did not qualify to compete in the next stage of the bidding process. TANESCO announced the 
tender during Q3 2018 and called for tender qualification applications by interested parties, to develop some of the planned Coal 
Power Projects with a total capacity of 600 MW.

Kibo subsequently received formal notice from TANESCO inviting it to develop the Mbeya Coal to Power Project for the export 
market and thereby enabling the Company to engage with the African Power Pools regarding off-take agreements.

25. Commitments and Contingencies

Benga Power Project
Kibo  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  (the  ‘Benga  Power  Joint  Venture’  or  ‘JV’)  with  Mozambique  energy  company 
Termoeléctrica  de  Benga  S.A.  to  participate  in  the  further  assessment  and  potential  development  of  the  Benga  Independent 
Power Project (‘BIPP’).  In order to maintain its initial participation interest Kibo is required to ensure funding of a maximum amount 
of £1 million towards the completion of a Definitive Feasibility Study, however this expenditure is still discretionary.

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project
Under  the  terms  of  the  agreement,  Sechaba,  a  subsidiary  of  Shumba  Energy  Limited,  will  retain  the  benefit  of  the  following 
royalties from MCIPP should it go into production:

•	 USD0.50 from revenue received per metric tonne of coal sold from the area covered by the MCIPP coal resource; and

•	 USD0.0225 from revenue received per kilowatt hour produced and sold by any power plant owned by Kibo Energy Ltd 
(Botswana), the entity holding the MCIPP in Botswana or using coal procured from the area covered by the MCIPP coal 
resource.

It should be noted that these royalties are not payable by Kibo, but by the joint venture, in which Kibo holds its 85% interest.

Other than the commitments and contingencies noted above, the Group does not have identifiable material commitments and 
contingencies as at the reporting date. Any contingent rental is expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

26. Correction of prior period error

Kibo incorrectly allocated the minorities’ share of the net asset acquired relating to the Katoro Gold PLC acquisition in the 2017 
financial period. The impact affected classification within equity with no impact on the reported result for the prior period, cash 
flows or net assets. There was no impact on the balance sheet at the beginning of the comparative period.

69

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Notes to the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements
continued

The error has been corrected by restating each of the affected financial statement line items for the prior period as follows:

Group

Control reserve

Non-controlling interest

Balance as at 
31 December 2017

Restatement 

Restated balance 
as at 31 December 

(£)

2,097,442

(1,383,388)

(£)

(2,310,495)

2,310,495

(£)

(213,053)

927,107

70

Annexure 1: Headline Earnings per Share 

KIBO | Annual Report & Accounts 2018

Accounting policy

Headline earnings per share (HEPS) is calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period 
and is based on the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders, after excluding those items as required by Circular 4/2018 
issued by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA).
+

Reconciliation of Headline earnings per share

Headline loss per share
Headline loss per share comprises the following:

Group

Loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders

Adjustments

Impairment of the Intangible Assets

Deemed cost of listing

Headline loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders

Headline loss per ordinary share

31 December 
2018

31 December 
2017 

(£)

(£)

(3,388,778)

(3,712,707)

912,892

-

-

206,680

(2,475,886)

(3,506,027)

(0.004)

(0.010)

In order to accurately reflect the weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic earnings, dilutive earnings 
and headline earnings per share as at year end, the weighted average number of ordinary shares was adjusted retrospectively.

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