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Kibo Energy PLC

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FY2020 Annual Report · Kibo Energy PLC
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KIBO ENERGY PLC 
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR 
THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONTENTS 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

DIRECTOR’S REPORT 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

ANNEXURE 1: HEADLINE EARNINGS PER SHARE 

1 

3 

5 

7 

14 

25 

27 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

50 

81 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee  
Noel O’Keeffe 
Andreas Lianos 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Christiaan Schutte 

Chairman (Non-Executive Chairman) 
Chief Executive Officer 
Technical Director (Non-Executive Director) 
Financial Director (Non-Executive Director)  
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Executive Director Capital Projects 

COMPANY SECRETARY: 

Noel O’Keeffe 

REGISTERED OFFICE: 

17 Pembroke Street Upper 
Dublin 2, Ireland  

BUSINESS ADDRESS - IRELAND: 

AUDITORS 

Gray Office Park 
Galway Retail Park 
Headford Road 
Galway, Ireland 

Crowe Ireland 
Marine House 
Clanwilliam Place 
Dublin 
D02 FY24 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING: 

London Stock Exchange: AIM - (Share code: KIBO) – Primary 
Johannesburg Stock Exchange: JSE Alt X - (Share Code: KBO) – Secondary 

SHARE REGISTRARS: 

PRINCIPAL BANKERS: 

BROKER: 

UK PUBLIC RELATIONS: 

Ireland 
Link Registrars Ltd  
2 Grand Canal Square 
Dublin 2 
D02 A342 

South Africa 
JSE Investor Services (Pty) Ltd 
13th Floor 
19 Ameshoff Street 
Braamfontein 
South Africa 

Allied Irish Banks Plc 
Tuam Road 
Galway 
Ireland 

Hybridan LLP 
2 Jardine House 
The Harrovian Business Village 
Bessborough Road 
Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3EX 

St. Brides Partners Ltd 
Claydons Barns 
11 Towcester Road 
Whittlebury 
Northants NN12 8XU 

1 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

SOLICITORS: 

UK NOMINATED ADVISER: 

JSE DESIGNATED ADVISER: 

WEBSITE: 

CONTACT: 

As to Irish Law: 
OBH Partners 
17 Pembroke Street Upper 
Dublin 2 
Ireland 

As to English Law: 
Druces LLP 
Salisbury House 
London Wall 
London EC2M 5PS 

RFC Ambrian Limited 
Level 48, Central Park 
152-158 St Georges Terrace
Perth, WA 6000

River Group 
Unit 2, 211 Kloof Street 
Waterkloof 
Pretoria, South Africa 

www.kibo.energy 

info@kibo.energy 

DATE OF INCORPORATION: 

 17 January 2008 

REGISTERED NUMBER: 

 451931 

2 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

I am pleased to provide a review of our activities during the period and to present our full-year audited accounts for 
2020. 

Kibo’s strategy remains to develop  utility-level  and  standalone, sustainable, affordable energy solutions through 
the  design,  build,  construction  and  operation  of  clean  energy  solutions,  integrated  with  renewable  and  intelligent 
storage solutions. A cornerstone of  this strategy is the integration of suitable, sustainable renewable technologies 
with proven clean low-cost coal base load technology in all our project development plans, with the assumption that 
base  load  energy  plays  a  very  important  role  in  addressing  the  increasing  demand  for  affordable,  reliable  and 
sustainable  electricity in our geographic focus areas.   

As  we  support  the  global  strategic  concept  of  sustainability,  we  continue  to  seek  best  of  breed  environmentally 
friendly  technological  solutions,  working  with  our  strategic  development  partners  through  existing  collaboration 
agreements.  

In  this  regard, during the year, we advanced the development of  our key projects: the Benga  Power  Plant  Project 
(“BPPP”  or  “Benga  Project”)  in  Mozambique;  the  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  (“MCIPP”  or 
“Mabesekwa Project”) in Botswana; and the Mbeya Coal to Power Project  (“MCPP”) in Tanzania. 

A  key  focus  area,  the  entry  into  the  UK’s  Reserve  Power  Market,  has  taken  shape  with  the  recent  listing  of  MAST 
Energy Developments  Plc (“MED”) on the 14 April 2021. We have now sent MED off on its own path, as we did with 
Katoro Gold some years ago. 

As  we  look  back  on  2020,  while  we  set  a  solid  platform  for  continued  work  in  FY  2021,  we  were  undoubtedly 
impacted by the ongoing impact of Covid-19.  While the MCPP and MCIPP projects were most materially impacted, 
they remain in good standing and we continue to explore how we can extract best value from them. 

In  Mozambique,  we  made  great  strides  developing  the  Benga  Project,  increasing  our  future  off  take  potential  by 
more than 100% through the inclusion of the Baobab development in the Benga portfolio.   

We  were  also  pleased  with  the  progress  of  MED,  and  with  its  IPO  and  admission  now  completed,  and  Kibo’s 
retention  of  the  majority  shareholding  it  continues  to  provide,  now  more  than  ever  the  prospect  of  short  term 
revenue and real opportunities to participate in the development of alternative energy solutions.  

On the corporate side,  keeping the Company funded presented on-going challenges due to the low share price and 
the general uncertainty created by the Covid-19 pandemic. We have however steadied the ship and can see clearer 
waters  ahead  in  2021.  In  this  regard,  a  £1  million  convertible  loan  note  facility  with  a  first  drawdown  tranche  of 
£300,000 in August was replaced with a broker sponsored placing with ETX Capital Limited in September for total 
proceeds of £1,450,000, meeting our working capital requirement to allow us to reach key development milestones, 
particularly for the Benga and MED projects, during the second half of 2020.   

Being able to secure funding during this difficult period is testament to the belief in our company by investors and 
other stakeholders.  

The  result  for  the  reporting  period  amounted  to  a  loss  of  £6,417,237  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  (31 
December 2019: £3,903,116) as detailed further in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income, 
and further details on financial activities are detailed elsewhere in the Annual Report. 

In addition to our interest of c. 55.4% in MED, I would also like to mention our investment in Katoro Gold PLC (AIM: 
KAT/www.katorogold.com),  which  currently  stands  at  25.37%.  Katoro  is  making  excellent  advances  pursuing 
robust development opportunities in battery base metals and gold projects.   

Both of these companies have a short term view to production and revenue and we look forward to their accelerated 
project plans for FY 2021.  

We are optimistic and  positive about the Kibo Group of companies. We have used  2020  to consolidate and refine 
planning and look forward to a year of success in FY 2021. 

In  closing,  I  would  like  to  acknowledge  the  support  of  our  shareholders,  especially  those  who  have  helped  the 
Company  directly  through  the  past  year.  Also  I  would  like  to  thank  our  Board  and  management  under  the  strong 
leadership of our CEO, Louis Coetzee, for their hard work in guiding the Company through this  challenging period.  

3 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

They continue to show the skill and leadership to realise our strategy of becoming a successful global developer of 
sustainable  energy  projects  in  an  industry  in  this  transitional  phase  from  fossil  fuels  to  renewable  energy 
generation. 

_____________________________ 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Chairman 
10 June 2021

4 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

Introduction 

Kibo  aims  to  be  a  significant  regional  broad  based  energy  developer  of  sustainable  power  solutions,  integrating 
clean–burning  fossil  fuel,  renewable  generation  and  energy  storage  technology.    Its  operational  objectives  for  the 
period focused on project development and delivery as well as accelerating the integration of solutions that enable 
the  Company  to  ultimately  transition  from  using  clean  fossil  fuel  technology  to  renewable  energy  technology 
solutions and the implementation of a sustainable funding model to enable these objectives. 

During  FY  2020,  Kibo  continued  to  advance  its  African  and  UK  energy  projects,  albeit  at  a  slower  pace  than 
originally scheduled due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on field operations. The Company has continued to 
maintain its business relationships and operational capability during this difficult period and is well positioned to 
quickly accelerate its development schedules in a post pandemic world. 

Operations 

Tanzania – Mbeya Project (“MCPP” or “Mbeya Project”) 

The  MCPP  remains  a  key  project,  being  fully  developed,  funding  ready  and  still  acknowledged  by  the  Tanzanian 
Government.  The  project  suffered  a  minor  setback  from  what  we  believe  to  be  clumsy  tendering  procedure  and 
efforts are on the way to get the project back on track in Tanzania.  The untimely passing of the Tanzanian President 
unfortunately put a stop to all statutory proceedings.  

The project, with its 120 Mt Coal Resource*, developed to a 1,5 million tonnes per annum mine, holds  seven mining 
rights  over  the  coal  resource  that  will  provide  fuel  to  the  300  MW  MCPP  thermal  power  plant.  The  MCPP 
Environmental Impact Assessment certification for both mine and power station remain valid. 

The  Company  continues  to  work  closely  with  the  Tanzanian  Government,  partners  and  other  stakeholders  to 
identify and investigate alternative commercial opportunities both within Tanzania and regionally.  

*Kibo  confirms  that  there  has  been  no  material  change  to  the  Mbeya  Coal  Resource  since  the  Coal  Resource  estimate  was  first
published as part of the RNS dated 11 April 2016 which is available on its website www.kibo.energy.

Mozambique – Benga Power Plant Project (“BPPP” or “Benga Project”) 

The Benga project, located in the Tete province of Mozambique, is the Company’s highest development priority; it 
holds a 65% interest in the project with the remaining 35% held by a local company, Termoeléctrica de Benga. 

The  project  was  developed  for  a  c.  150  MW  PPA  with  local  state  electric  utility  Electricidade  de  Moçambique 
('EDM').    An  updated  Memorandum  of  Understanding  was  signed  with  EDM  during  2020,  which  provides  for  its 
continued support and commitment to negotiate a PPA for power off-take for the national grid.   

The project is now in the process of being upgraded to accommodate a c. 20O MW additional private commercial off 
taker in the form of  the Tete Steel and Vanadium Project with Baobab Resources Ltd (‘Baobab’).  To  date, the  DFS 
was updated and optimised to satisfy EDM and Baobab’s power off-take requirements with the incorporation of a 
grid impact assessment and integration studies as well as an  updated technical and financial review of the project  
during  the  second  half  2020.    The  proposed  power  plant  footprint  was  also  increased  with  the  acquisition  of 
additional land increasing the project site by 345 hectares principally to provide for the incorporation of renewable 
energy technologies on-site.  Discussions are also ongoing with regards to providing auxiliary power requirements 
for the first phase of a 250,000 tpa steel rolling mill of the Baobab Tete Steel Project, on a build, own and operate 
basis. 

The  Benga  project  is  a  key  enabler  of  Tete  Steel  and  Vanadium  project,  which  in  turn  is  a  key  enabler  of  the 
Mozambique  Revuboe  Industrial  Free  Zone  (‘RIFZ’),  intended  to    bolster  the  economy  in  the  resources  rich  Tete 
Province. 

5 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

United Kingdom - Mast Energy Developments Plc  (“MED”) 

MED, intending  to participate in the UK Reserve Market, is an exciting addition to the Kibo stable. 

The recent  listing of  the Company’s now  55.42%  subsidiary MED Plc on the London Stock Exchange on 14 April  
2021  where  it  raised  c.  £5m  as  part  of  an  IPO,  will  enable  it    to  accelerate  development  and  commissioning  of  its 
existing flexible power sites and allow  acquisition of additional sites.  MED’s target is to assemble a portfolio of well-
located flexible power sites in the UK, commencing with c. 50 MW in year one and building up to a portfolio of up to 
300 MW of flexible power generating capacity over the next few  years.  

Botswana- Mabesekwa Project (“MCIPP” or “Mabesekwa Project”) 

Kibo negotiated a major re-structuring and expansion of its Botswana energy asset holdings in September 2019 in 
collaboration with Shumba Energy Limited.  The binding Heads of Agreement  saw Kibo assume a 35% interest in 
the total 761 Mt Mabesekwa Coal Resource*  while maintaining its 85% interests in the existing MCIPP project for 
the  development  of  a  300  MW  coal  to  power  plant  and  participate  as  a  35%-40%  partner  with  Shumba  for  the 
development  of  a  second  300  MW  power  with  electricity  output  directed  solely  to  a  petrochemical  plant  being 
developed by Shumba and other parties.  The project is aligned with Shumba’s progress and  therefore assumes  a 
low development priority in the Kibo portfolio. 

*The Company confirms that there has been no material change to the Mabesekwa Coal Resource since the Coal Resource estimate
was first published as part of the announcement dated 21 June 2018 which is available on its website www.kibo.energy 

Corporate 

During 2020, the Company undertook various funding initiatives to ensure the ongoing development of its projects. 
As part of this process, it embarked on aggressive austerity measures to preserve cash whilst being able to continue 
with core activities and raised c. GBP 1.4 million. 

In preparation for, and to facilitate the listing of the MED Plc  on the London Stock Exchange, recently completed, the 
Company undertook corporate restructuring within and between the Kibo and MED group companies during 2020. 
The latter part of 2020 was spent in preparation of the intended MED IPO, which was completed within budget and 
time.  A regrettable delay in FCA approval pushed the time line out by more than three months. 

_______________________________ 
Louis Coetzee 
Chief Executive Officer 
10 June 2021

6 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

The Kibo board (the “Board”) aims to conform to its statutory responsibilities and industry good practice in relation 
to corporate governance of Kibo Energy PLC (“Kibo” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (together with Kibo, the 
“Group”). The Board has adopted the latest version of the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) (“QCA Code”) and 
endeavours  to  follow  its  ten  principles  (“the  Principles”)  with  due  regard  to  the  stage  of  development  of  the 
Company. The Company also seeks guidance from its Nomad on recommended best corporate governance practice 
for AIM companies. 

In addition to my role as non-executive chairman of the Board, I am also the chairman of the Company’s Governance 
Committee and retain primary responsibility for the design, implementation, articulation, review and updates of the 
Company’s  corporate  governance  policy.  The  Governance  Committee  meets  at  least  once  a  year  and  makes 
recommendations  to  the  Board  to  ensure  the  Company’s  corporate  governance  policy  remains  aligned  with  the 
Principles as it grows. 

The following are the principal ways in which the Company meets these requirements. 

1. Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for shareholders
The  Company  has  established  a  strategy  and  business  model  which  it  believes  will  promote  long  term  value  for
shareholders. This  business model spans the Group’s  financial, technical and operational areas and is continually
updated  as  its  project  portfolio  expand.  The  Company  believes  its  current    business  model  will  deliver  long  term
value  to  shareholders  by  providing  diverse  exposure  to  the  growing  demand-led  energy  markets  in  sub-Saharan
Africa  and  the  UK.  It  further  believes  that  this  business  model  is  appropriate  to  protect  the  Company  from
unnecessary risk and secure its long-term future.

2. Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations
The Company seeks to understand and  meet shareholder needs and expectations  by engaging with them across a
range  of  platforms  including  regular  investor  presentations,  Q&A  forums,  investor  relations  company  services,
social  media  sites  and  at  its  Annual  General  Meeting  where  the  Board  encourages  the  active  participation  of
shareholders  on  important  and  relevant  matters,  including  the  Group’s  strategy,  financial  performance,  and
operational  and  commercial  developments.  The  Company  provides  phone  numbers  on  its  RNS  and  SENS
announcements  where  shareholders  can  contact  the  appropriate  senior  Company  representatives  or  advisors
directly  with  their  queries  together  with  a  dedicated  email  address  for  shareholder  feedback.  The  Board  receives
regular  shareholder  feedback  and  provides  prompt  responses  through  all  these  communication  channels  and
therefore believes it adequately meets its shareholders expectations in this regard. Company management’s direct
engagement  with  shareholders  and  investors  at  live  physical  events  has  been  curtailed  during  2020  and  2021  to
date as a result of the on-going Covid-19 pandemic but it intends to resume normal engagement when the pandemic
has passed.

3. Take  into  account  wider  stakeholder  and  social  responsibilities  and  their  implications  for  long-term
success
The  Company  firmly  believes  that  the  energy  development  projects  that  form  the  basis  of  its  business  model  will
substantially benefit the countries and regions in which it operates. It fosters a culture of open communication with
all stakeholders who may be impacted by its activities. Its strategy and business model are designed to minimise any
negative impact of its activities on the communities where it operates and on the environment.

The  Company’s  project  areas    are  located  in  Mozambique,  Botswana,  Tanzania  and  the  UK.  Staff    and  locally 
appointed  representatives  at  the  Company’s  project  offices  provide  a  first  point  of  contact  for  stakeholders  to 
receive information on the Company’s activities and provide feedback on any issues or concerns they may have. The 
Company  has  appointed  dedicated  liaison  officers  to  communicate  with  stakeholder  groups  e.g.  local  &  regional 
government  officials,  central  government  departments,  community  groups  and  local  suppliers  to  keep  them 
continuously updated on project activities and plans. Management conveys to the Board in a timely manner through 
formal reporting channels and at operational review meetings any substantive concerns of stakeholders and where 
concerns
necessary, 

the  Board  mandates 

appropriate 

address 

action 

taken 

these 

be 

to 

7 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

In  support  of  the  Company’s  social  responsibility  towards  the  local  communities  among  which  it  works,  it  has 
implemented a Corporate Social Responsibility Plan (“CSR Plan”). The first phase of this plan is already completed 
through  the  building  and  refurbishment  of  school  buildings  in  two  local  villages  close  to    its  MCPP  project    in 
southern Tanzania. Successive phases of this CSR Plan will be implemented commensurate with and contingent on 
the construction and commissioning of the MCPP that will, in addition to education, include support of health care, 
employment  opportunities,  local  business  development  and  public  infrastructure  development.  The  Company  has 
commenced replicating its stakeholder liaison model and CSR commitment in Tanzania on its other African projects 
in Botswana and Mozambique although progress on this  has been delayed  by the impact  Covid-19  on travel and 
field operations during 2020 . 

4. Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats,  throughout  the
organisation
The Board has considered mechanisms by which the business and the financial risks facing the Group are managed
and reported to the Board. The principal business and financial risks have been identified and control procedures
implemented. The Board acknowledges its responsibility for reviewing the effectiveness of the systems that are in
place to manage risk and to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance on the safeguarding of the Group’s assets
against misstatement or loss.

The major risks facing the Company are clearly identified in the Directors’ Report on page 17.  The Company relies 
on internal and external assessments of its systems for managing risk and it believes the continuous implementation 
of recommendations from these reviews provide the Board with adequate assurance that its systems for managing 
risks are effective. 

The Company’s Audit Committee is the primary body that is tasked with identifying, assessing and managing risk. 
The principal risks identified across all aspects of the Company’s operation include, inter alia, risks associated with 
foreign  exchange,  strategy,  funding,  staffing,  political  stability  and  commercial  activities.  The  Audit  Committee 
regularly reviews reports from Management across all financial and operational activities enabling it to identify and 
assess  risks  and  make  recommendations  to  the  Board  where  appropriate  for  mitigation.  Similarly,  it  also  informs 
the Board where it identifies business opportunities that may be beneficial to the Company. The Audit Committee’s 
other  core  function  is  to  review  and,  if  in  order,  recommend  the  annual  financial  statement  to  the  Board  for 
approval.  Where  the  Company’s  auditors  have  identified  risks  or  any  shortcomings  in  accounting  procedures,  the 
Audit  Committee  brings  these  to  the  Board’s  attention  for  mitigation  and/or  rectification.  The  Audit  Committee 
Report on page 25 provides further details on the committee’s activities during 2020.   

The Company maintains a Risk Register which is updated quarterly. This document is the cornerstone of the its Risk 
Management  Policy  and  a  key  tool  in  monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  remedial  action  proposed  by  the  Audit 
Committee on an on-going basis. 

5. Maintain the board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair
The Board regularly meets to monitor and approve the strategy and business model for the Group.

The Board comprises a non-executive chairman, two executive directors and four  non-executive directors. Two of 
the  non-executive  directors  (Christian  Schaffalitzky  and  Wenzel  Kerremans),  which  includes  the  Chairman,  are 
considered  by  the  Board  to  be  independent  directors.  The  Board  considers  non-executive  directors  to  be 
independent  when  they  are  independent  of  Management  and  free  from  any  business  or  relationship  that  would 
materially interfere with the exercise of independent judgment as a Board member. 

The  Executive  directors  comprise  the  Company’s  CEO  and  Capital  Projects  Director    who  dedicate  100%  of  their 
time to the Group. The non-executive directors dedicate as much time as is required for them to fully carry out their 
duties  for  the  Group  including  overseeing  corporate  governance  arrangements  and  serving  on  board  committees. 
One  of  the  non-executive  directors,  Noel  O’Keeffe,  also  serves  as  the  Company  secretary.  The  functions  and 
composition of the various Board sub-committees are outlined in Section 9. 

The Board alone is responsible for: 

• formulating, reviewing and approving the Group’s budgets and major items of capital expenditure;
• formulating the Group’s major policies and strategy;
• monitoring and reviewing the Group’s performance and achievement of goals;
• approval of Financial Statements and Annual Report;
• major contracts and transactions;
• board and management structure and appointments (the whole Board acts as the Nominations Committee);

8 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

• effectiveness and integrity of internal control and management information systems; and
• overall corporate governance of the Group.

An  agenda  and  all  supporting  documentation  is  circulated  to  the  directors  before  each  Board  meeting.  Open  and 
timely access to all information is provided to directors to enable them to bring independent judgement on issues 
affecting the Group and facilitate them in discharging their duties. The Board met 25 times during the last financial 
year to 31 December 2020 with on average >90% attendance during this period. 

In accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company, one third of the Board is required to retire each year 
at the Company’s AGM but directors so resigning can put their name forward for re-election. 
The  Board  sets  the  Group’s  strategy  and  monitors  its  implementation  through  management  and  financial 
performance  reviews.  It  also  works  to  ensure  that  adequate  resources  are  available  to  implement  strategy  in  a 
timely manner. 

The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties 
and responsibilities the Board implements control procedures, such as quarterly operational review meetings, that 
assess and manage risk and ensure robust financial and operational management within the Group. 

6. Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities
The Board considers that there is an appropriate balance between the Executives and non-executive directors and
that no individual or small group dominates the Board’s decision making. The Board’s members have a wide range
of expertise and experience which the Board considers to be conducive to the effective leadership of the Group and
to the optimisation of shareholder value.

The  Board  members’  diverse  range  of  skills  and  experience  span  technical,  financial,  operational  and  legal  areas 
relevant  to  the  management  of  the  Company.  Summary  biographies  of  each  Board  member  are  shown  on  the 
Company’s website and in the Directors’ Report on page 14.  Directors keep their skill sets up to date by attendance 
at,  and  participation  in,  various  events  organised  by  their  respective  industry  sectors  and/or  by  participation  in 
continuing professional development courses.  

As the Company evolves, the Board composition will be reviewed to ensure appropriate expertise is always in place 
to support its business activities. It strives to align directors’ responsibilities with their individual skills so they can 
optimally  contribute  to  its  current  strategy  and  business  model.  While  the  Board  has  not  yet  adopted  any  formal 
policy  on  gender  balance,  ethnicity  or  age  group,  it  is  committed  to  fair  and  equal  opportunity  and  fostering 
diversity subject to ensuring appointees are appropriately qualified and experienced for their roles. The Company 
acknowledges that as it expands and grows  its operations, it will be to its benefit to align its Board composition to 
reflect balance in the ethnicity and gender of its members. 

investor  relations, 
The  Company  retains  the  services  of 
technical/engineering  and  IT  fields  that  are  always  available  to  the  Board.  These  advisors  provide  support  and 
guidance to the Board and complement the Company’s internal expertise. 

independent  advisors  across 

financial, 

legal, 

7. Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement
The  performance  of  the  Board  and  Management  of  the  Company  is  evaluated  on  an  on-going  basis  by  the
Remuneration  Committee  (“Remcom”).  The  results  of  these  evaluations  are  reflected  in  changes  in  the  Executive
remuneration  levels  recommended  by  the  Remcom  from  time  to  time  and  in  awards  under  the  Company’s  Share
Option and Management Incentive Schemes where it considers such awards are warranted. Remuneration levels are
benchmarked against peer companies while performance awards are based on meeting pre-defined milestones such
as successful project acquisitions or completion of significant project development phases. As the Company grows,
the  Board  will  develop  more  comprehensive  human  resource  policies  to  provide  both  internal  and  external
performance  evaluations  of  its  Board,  senior  management  and  staff  including  the  provision  for  upskilling  where
necessary and to provide for Board member succession planning.

The Board considers that the corporate governance policies it has currently in place for Board performance reviews 
is commensurate with the size and development stage of the Company. 

9 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

8. Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviour
The Company operates across several countries including Ireland, UK, Cyprus, South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana and
Mozambique. In line with its international reach, the Company recognises the cultural diversity both internally and
among its business partners, service providers and other stakeholders. The Board promotes corporate values that
reflect its commitment to provide equal opportunity to all subject to its core principles that demand the adoption of
ethical  values  and  conduct  at  all  times.  In  this  regard  it  has  developed  robust  whistle-blower  and  anti-corruption
policies  that  Board,  management,  staff  and  service  providers  have  signed  up  to.  The  Company’s  Anti-Corruption
policy  requires  all  Group  personnel  to  declare  conflicts  of  interest  in  any  dealings  on  behalf  of  the  Group  and  to
excuse themselves from any negotiation on behalf of, or with, the Company in such circumstances.

While the Company has  not adopted a  formal Code  of  Conduct at  board level, management and staff  behaviour is 
governed by the terms of individual employment (and supplier) contracts whose terms reflect the ethics and values 
of the Group.  Together  with other Company policies such as its whistle-blower and anti-corruption policies noted 
above, these establish a high standard of values and behaviour to which all personnel working for, or on behalf, of 
the Group are expected to adhere to. The Board monitors compliance with its ethical values through feedback from 
Management and has disciplinary procedures in place to take corrective action where required. 

9. Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making
by the board
The  Company  has  developed  and  adopted  a  variety  of  plans,  policies,  and  procedures  as  part  of  its  corporate
governance  framework  to  ensure  that  the  Company  is  run  in  an  efficient,  effective  and  responsible  manner.  Key
policies include:

Board Governance Plan 

The Board Governance Plan is integrated into a Corporate Procedures Manual which sets out corporate governance 
structure  and  includes  the  terms  of  reference  for  the  various  Board  Committees.  In  addition,  the  Corporate 
Procedures Manual outlines: 

high level financial controls;
information system environment;
forecasting & budget procedures;
treasury operations;
accounting policies;
financial accounting procedures; and

•
•
•
•
•
•
• management reporting framework.

Securities Trading/Share Dealing Policy 

The  Company’s  Share  Dealing  Code  sets  out  the  Company’s  policy,  procedures  and  restrictions  for  directors, 
management,  staff  and  insiders  in  dealings  in  the  Company’s  shares.  It  is  compliant  with  AIM  and  FCA  Rules  and 
with the Company’s obligations under the Market Abuse Directive (2016). 

Continuous Disclosure and Market Communications Policy 

The Company’s policy is governed by the AIM Rules and the JSE Rules and all applicable national financial regulation 
in the UK, Ireland and South Africa. 

Risk Management Policy 

The Company has developed  a Risk Register which is reviewed on a quarterly basis. The Risk Register reviews the 
risks around each aspect of management and operations and is  scored by each Executive member of the Board in 
terms of probability and impact to derive an overall risk profile for the Company. The Risk Register also records the 
steps that are being taken to mitigate the major risks identified. 

Health and Safety Policy & Procedures 

All operating companies within the Group have their own Health and Safety Policy and Procedures (“HSE Policy”) 
tailored  to  the  particular  jurisdiction  and  environment  in  which  they  are  active.  The  Board  retains  overall 
responsibility  to  ensure  appropriate  HSE  Policy  is  in  place  at  all  times  and  reviews  this  at  its  operations’  review 
meetings.

10 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Environmental Policy 

Kibo is committed to high standards of environmental protection across our business. Our goal is to protect people, 
minimise harm to the environment, integrate biodiversity considerations and reduce disruption to our neighbouring 
communities.  We  seek  to  achieve  continuous  improvement  in  our  environmental  protection  performance.  The 
Company  will significantly expand and escalate our actions to meet our commitment to environmental protection 
commensurate with the start of plant construction, mining operations and energy production on our projects. The 
results  of  environmental  impact  reports  already  completed  and  in  progress  across  our  projects  will  be  used  to 
carefully plan for environmental risk assessments and implement mitigating measures to protect the environment 
in association with relevant government bodies and local communities. 

Anti-corruption and bribery Policy 

The  Company’s  Anti-corruption  and  bribery  policy  is  in  place  to  ensure  that  all  directors,  management,  staff  and 
suppliers to the Group conduct themselves in an honest and ethical manner at all times. It meets the requirements of 
the UK Bribery Act 2010. 

Whistleblowing Policy 

The Company’s Whistleblowing Policy is informed by Whistleblowing Arrangements Code of Practice issued by the 
British Standards Institute and Public Concern at Work. Its objectives are: 

•

•
•

to encourage Group personnel to report suspected wrongdoing as soon as possible, in the knowledge that
their concerns will be taken seriously and investigated as appropriate, and that their confidentiality will be
respected;
to provide Group personnel with guidance as to how to raise those concerns; and
to reassure Group personnel that they should be able to raise genuine concerns in good faith without fear of
reprisals, even if they turn out to be mistaken.

IT, communications and systems procedures 

IT, communications and systems procedures are included in the Company’s Corporate Procedures Manual and are 
designed  to  ensure  a  robust,  upgradeable  and  secure  IT  system,  with  appropriate  back-up  to  ensure  any  system 
failure will not be catastrophic for the continued operations of the Company. 

The Chairman is responsible for providing leadership to the Board while the day-to-day management of the Group is 
delegated to the Executive Committee lead by the CEO. The CEO is primarily  responsible for the Group’s business 
performance  and  manages  the  Group  in  accordance  with  the  strategies  and  business  plan.  The  independent  non-
executive  directors  are  responsible  for  providing  independent  advice  and  are  considered  by  the  Board  to  be 
independent of Management. 

The  Board/senior  officer  committees  are  the  Governance  Committee,  Executive  Committee,  Remuneration 
Committee Audit Committee, and the Nomination Committee. 

Governance  Committee:  Comprises  three  non-executive  directors.  The  Committee  meets  at  least  once  a  year  to 
review the Company’s ongoing compliance with the QCA Code and to make recommendations to the Board where it 
judges  that  there  is  a  requirement  to  update,  replace  or  expand  corporate  governance  policies  and  procedures  in 
line with current activities. The Governance Committee is chaired by Christian Schaffalitzky and the other members 
are Noel O’Keeffe and Wenzel Kerremans. 

Executive Committee: Comprises two executive directors and two senior Company officers: The Committee meets 
at least once a month. The Executive Committee is the core senior management team in the Company responsible 
for  day  to  day  management  and  operations.  Its  terms  of  reference  are  defined  in  the  Company’s  Corporate 
Procedures  Manual.  The  Executive  Committee  is  chaired  by  Louis  Coetzee  and  the  other  members  are  Christiaan 
Schutte (Capital Projects Director), Louis Scheepers (COO) and Pieter Krügel (CFO). 

11 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Remuneration Committee: Comprises three non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least once a year to 
determine  Company  policy  on  senior  executive  remuneration,  to  make  detailed  recommendations  to  the  Board 
regarding the remuneration packages of the executive directors and to consider awards under the Company’s Share 
Option  and  Management  Incentive  Award  schemes.  The  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  consulted  on  remuneration 
packages and policy but does not attend discussions regarding his own package. The remuneration and terms and 
conditions  of  the  appointment  of  non-executive  directors  are  determined  by  the  Board.  The  Remuneration 
Committee  is  chaired  by  Christian  Schaffalitzky  with  the  other  members  being  Andreas  Lianos  and  Wenzel 
Kerremans. 

Audit Committee: Comprises three non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least twice a year to consider 
the  scope  of  the  annual  audit  and  the  interim  financial  statements  and  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  the  Group’s 
system of internal financial controls and risk management systems. It reviews the results of the external audit, its 
cost effectiveness and the objectives of the auditor. Given the size of the Group, the Audit Committee considers that 
an internal audit function is not currently justified. The Audit Committee is chaired by Andrew Lianos, ACA, CA(SA), 
ACMA,  CIA.  who  serves  as  the  Company’s  non-executive  Financial  Director.  The  other  members  of  the  Audit 
Committee are Christian Schaffalitzky and Wenzel Kerremans. 

Nomination Committee: Comprises the entire Board. The principal objectives of the Committee are to monitor and 
review the Board structure, size, composition and the mix of skills and expertise to ensure that these are in line with 
the Group’s strategies and to consider potential candidates for directorship. 

 The  selection  criteria  for  selection  and  recruitment  of  the  potential  candidates  for  directorship  shall  include 
qualifications of the individual, experience, knowledge and achievements, credibility and background and ability of 
the  candidates  to  contribute  effectively  to  the  Board  and  Group.  The  Nomination  Committee  also  oversees 
succession planning of directors, taking into account the relative experience of each Board member in relation to the 
Company’s requirements given its stage of development and strategies, with the goal of having in place an adequate 
and sufficiently experienced board at all times. 

The  Company’s  Corporate  Procedures  Manual  includes  a  schedule  of  matters  that  are  reserved  as  the  sole 
responsibility  of  the  Board.  These  matters,  in  addition  to  setting  strategy  for  the  Company,  include,  but  are  not 
limited  to,  Board  nominations  and  appointments,  approval  of  acquisitions  and  disposals  and  approval  of  annual 
budgets and financings. 

10. Communicate  how  the  company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders
The  Board  recognises  the  importance  of  establishing  and  maintaining  good  relationship  with  Kibo’s  shareholders
and other stakeholders. The Board is responsible for ensuring satisfactory dialogue with shareholders throughout
the  year.  In  order  to  establish  and  maintain  good  relationships  with  the  shareholders  of  Kibo,  and  to  maintain
transparency  and  accountability  to  its  shareholders,  Kibo  uses  various  means  to  continuously  communicate  and
disseminate timely information to shareholders and stakeholders:

annual and interim reports;
circulars;
annual general meetings of shareholders;
investor presentations and briefings;
Q&A forums and social media sites;

• market announcements on regulatory platforms (RNS and SENS);
•
•
•
•
•
• website at www.kibo.energy; and
•

via  investor  relations  professionals  at  St.  Brides  Partners  Ltd  (contact  person:  Isabel  de  Salis  /  Charlotte
Hollinshead Tel: +44 (0) 207236 1177)

The Company’s Audit Committee Report is presented  on  page 25 and provides further  details on the committee’s 
activities during 2020, and while a separate report from the Remuneration Committee was not produced due to the 
size of the Company, the Company intends to review this requirement on an annual basis. 

12 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Conclusion 
The Company believes that its governance structures and practices as detailed above comply with the expectations 
of the QCA Code in all material respects. It also acknowledges its obligations under the Code to continually monitor 
and  further  develop  the  scope  and  suitability  of  its  governance  structures  in  line  with  its  growth.  The  Company 
established a new executive position of Director of Capital Projects during 2020 to  which a suitably qualified and 
experienced  candidate  was  appointed.  The  Company  continued    to  update  its  Plans,  Policies  and  Procedures 
itemised at 9 above during 2020 to ensure it remains in compliance with the QCA Code. 

___________________________ 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Chairman 
Governance Committee 
10 June 2021

13 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Board  of Directors  present their Annual Report together with the audited annual financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2020 of Kibo Energy PLC (“Kibo” or “the Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively “the 
Group”). 

The  Board  comprises  a  non-executive  chairman,  two  executive  directors  and  four  non-executive  directors.  As  the 
Company evolves, the Board will be reviewed and expanded if necessary to ensure appropriate expertise is always 
in place to support its business activities. 

The Board is responsible for formulating, reviewing and approving the Company's strategy, budgets, major items of 
capital  expenditure  and  acquisitions.  An  agenda  and  all  supporting  documentation  is  circulated  to  all  directors 
before each Board Meeting. Open and timely access to all information is provided to all directors to enable them to 
bring independent judgement on issues affecting the Company and facilitate them in discharging their duties. 

At the date of this report, the board of directors comprised: 

Christian Schaffalitzky - Chairman (non-executive) 
Louis Coetzee - Chief Executive Officer (executive) 
Christiaan Schutte- Director of Capital Projects (executive) 
Andreas Lianos - Financial Director (non-executive) 
Noel O’Keeffe - Technical Director (non-executive) 
Lukas Maree – (non-executive director) 
Wenzel Kerremans - (non-executive director) 

Christian Schaffalitzky, BA (Mod), FIMMM, PGeo, CEng, Age 67 – Chairman (non-executive and independent) 
Christian Schaffalitzky has over 40 years’ experience in minerals exploration and is Executive Chairman of Eurasia 
Mining  plc,  a  company  trading  on  AIM.  From  1984  to  1992,  he  founded  and  managed  the  international  minerals 
consultancy,  CSA  Group,  now  CSA  Global  Pty  Ltd.  Christian  was  a  founder  of  Ivernia  West  plc,  where  he  led  the 
exploration,  discovery  and  development  of  the  Lisheen  zinc  deposit  in  Ireland.  More  recently,  he  was  a  managing 
director  of  Ennex  International  plc,  an  Irish  quoted  mineral  exploration  company,  focused  on  zinc  development 
projects. He has also been engaged in precious and base metal mineral exploration and development in the former 
Soviet Union and is a former independent director on the boards of Russian companies, Raspadskaya Coal Company 
and Chelyabinsk Zinc and a director of one other listed investment company. He is also on the board of MetalNRG 
and several private resource ventures. 

Louis Coetzee, BA, MBA, Age 57 – Chief Executive Officer (executive) 
Louis Coetzee has over 27 years’ experience in business development, promotion and financing in both the public 
and private sector. In recent years, he has concentrated on the exploration and mining arena where he has founded, 
promoted  and  developed  a  number  of  junior  mineral  exploration  companies  based  mainly  on  Tanzanian  assets. 
Louis has tertiary qualifications in law and languages, project management, supply chain management and an MBA 
from  Bond  University  (Australia)  specialising  in  entrepreneurship,  and  business  planning  and  strategy.  He  has 
worked in various project management and business development roles mostly in the mining industry throughout 
his  career.  Between  2007  and  2009,  he  held  the  position  of  Vice-President,  Business  Development  with  Canadian 
listed Great Basin Gold (TSX: CBG). Mr. Coetzee is also Executive Chairman of AIM-listed Katoro Gold PLC and Non-
Executive  Chairman  of  LSE  (Standard  List)  Mast  Energy  Developments  Plc  in  which  Kibo  has  a  significant 
shareholdings. 

Noel O’Keeffe, BSc (Hons), Geology, MBA, CG (Affiliated), Age 57 – Technical Director (non-executive) and 
Company Secretary 
Noel O’Keeffe has over 30 years’ experience in mineral exploration and has worked on a variety of base metal and 
gold  projects  in  Ireland,  Canada,  Australia  and  Africa.  Prior  to  co-founding  Kibo  in  2008  he  worked  as  a  quality 
coordinator with Boston Scientific (Ireland) Ltd, a multinational medical device company. He also worked part-time 
for Irish geological services group, Aurum Exploration Ltd during 2003 and early 2004. During the mid-nineties he 
was  exploration  manager  with  Ormonde  Mining  plc  in  Tanzania,  a  company  currently  listed  on  the  Irish  Stock 
Exchange and on AIM. Previously Noel was a senior geological consultant with BDA Consultants Limited and worked 
on  both  government  and  private  sector  contracts.  Earlier  in  his  career,  Noel  worked  as  a  geologist  for  Burmin 
Exploration  and  Development  plc  and  for  its  Canadian  and  Australian  subsidiaries.  Mr.  O’Keeffe  is  also  a  non-
executive director of a Cyprus company, River Capital plc. 

14 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Lukas Marthinus Maree, BLC, LLB, Age 59 – (executive) 
Lukas  Maree    is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He  has  served  on  the  boards  of  a  number  of  public  companies  including 
Goldsource  Mines  Limited,  Africo  Resources  Limited  and  Diamondworks  Limited  that  have  made  significant 
successful investments in exploration projects in Africa and North America.  

More  recently,  he  has  served  as  the  CEO  of  private  investment  companies  Rusaf  Gold  Limited  and  Mzuri  Capital 
Group Limited, both of which have successfully developed and sold mineral projects in Russia and Tanzania. He was 
also a founder principal of River Group, Designated Advisors to the Listing of Kibo on the JSE, and was responsible 
for  its  Canadian  office  until  he  retired  from  the  Group  in  2013  to  pursue  personal  interests.  Mr.  Maree  is  also  a 
director of AIM-listed Katoro Gold PLC. 

Wenzel Kerremans, B. Proc, LLB, LLM, Adv. Dip.  Age 63 – (non-executive and independent) 
Wenzel Kerremans is a lawyer by profession with over 25 years international legal experience in mining, banking, 
project  finance  and  international  tax,  advising  clients  who  have  invested  in  exploration  and  mining  projects  in 
Africa.  He  has  also  originated  and  successfully  sold  Veremo  Holdings  Limited,  a  billion  ton  titaniferous  magnetite 
exploration project for the production of iron and titanium slag. Wenzel is also the principal and director of a gold, 
graphite and coal exploration project in Africa. 

Andreas (Andrew) Lianos, CA(SA), ACA, ACMA, Age 54 –Financial Director (non-executive) 
Andrew is a chartered accountant, certified management accountant,  registered internal auditor and  JSE  qualified 
executive  who  started  his  professional  career  in  1989  with  Grant  Thornton  International.  Andrew  entered  the 
corporate finance industry in 1994 by joining Deloitte & Touche Corporate Finance. In 1996 he joined Merrill Lynch 
Corporate Finance, and was part of the team that founded Labyrinth Corporate Finance during 1997. He has been 
intimately involved in a number of IPO’s since the bull market of the 90’s to date, and has substantial transaction 
experience  in  the  resources,  food-  and  leisure  industries.  Andrew  serves  on  the  boards  of  a  number  of  public 
companies  and  co-founded  River  Group  in  1998.  He  has  since  been  involved  in  a  number  of  successful  RTOs  and 
IPOs  on  the  JSE,  TSX,  ASX  and  LSE,  cross-border  restructurings  and  resources  transactions  in  Canada,  the  Central 
African Republic, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and South Africa. 

Chris Schutte B(Eng) Mech, MBL, Age 59 – Capital Projects’ Director (Executive) 
Chris has more than 30 years’ experience in the Energy Sector in Southern Africa. This includes 27 years working for 
Eskom (Electricity Utility in South Africa) in various positions including Power Station Manager and Senior General 
Manager. He also worked for Tongaat Hulet as Energy Consultant developing a bagasse fired power station. In 2012 
he joint an Energy Development Company that works in Mozambique and is Aim listed. He was appointed as non-
executive director and later as Executive Director for a period of 5 years. Chris has extensive experience in power 
station development, construction and management. He also understands the Southern African energy environment 
and has extensive of experience in EPC processes and negotiations. 

Role of Technical Director & Financial Director 
The  Technical  Director  and  Financial  Director  roles  of  Mr.  O’Keeffe  and  Mr.  Lianos  respectively  are  not  executive 
functions and neither are members of the executive committee of the Company. They provide their services in these 
roles on a part time consultancy basis independent of their positions as non-executive directors. They exercise these 
roles  in  a  high  level  advisory  capacity  and  are  not  involved  in  the  day  to  day  management  of  the  Company.  Mr. 
O’Keeffe’s services as Company secretary are also provided on a part time basis. 

Review of Business Developments 
As noted in the Chairman’s Report and Review of Activities, the Company continued to pursue its business strategy 
as an energy development company with further development progress of its energy projects in Africa and the UK 
during the  period .  These sections should  be reviewed  for a  detailed account of the Company’s business activities 
during 2020. To enhance its ability to pursue  business strategy, the Company expanded its Board to seven directors 
in  2020  with  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Christiaan  Schutte  as  executive  director  of  capital  projects.  The  Company 
continued  to  further  its  feasibility  studies  towards  mining  and  thermal  coal  plant  development  on  its  African 
projects. 

15 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

While our focus remains on addressing the acute power deficits in Sub-Saharan Africa and meeting the requirement 
for flexible reserve power plants in the UK, our strategy remains  focussed on including sustainable power options 
into our solutions. This has seen us continue our  partnership with US based ESS Tech Inc. ('ESS'). We are making 
steady progress integrating ESS's iron flow battery technology that offers, amongst other benefits, more than double 
the  operating  lifetime  and  cycle  capacity  of  lithium-ion  battery  storage  systems,  into  the  plans  for  our  coal  fired 
power plants.  

In Mozambique, our Benga Power Plant Project ('BPPP'), in which we have a 65% interest continues to enjoy strong 
local support where it  is backed by local state electric utility Electricidade de Moçambique ('EDM'). We signed an 
updated Memorandum of Understanding  with EDM during 2020 which provides for their continued support for the 
project and commitment to negotiate a power purchase agreement for power off-take for the national grid.  With a 
Definitive Feasibility Study based on a 150 MW coal-fired power plant already in place, an additional power off-take 
opportunity  was  realised  with  the  signing  of    binding  term  sheet  to  negotiate  a  PPA  with  Baobab  Resources  Ltd 
(“Baobab”) to supply c.200 MW energy to its Tete Steel and Vanadium Project in Mozambique. The DFS was updated 
and  optimised  to  satisfy  EDM    and  Baobab’s  power  off-take  requirement  with  the  incorporation  of  a  grid  impact 
assessment and integration studies as well as an  updated technical and financial review of the project  during the 
second half 2020.   The  proposed power plant footprint was also  increased with  the acquisition of additional land 
increasing  the  project  site  by  345  hectares  principally  to  provide  for  the  incorporation  of  renewable  energy 
technologies on-site. 

Further complementing our African portfolio of interests is the 100% owned Mbeya Coal to Power Project ('MCPP') 
in  Tanzania.  This  project,  fully  developed  to  funding  /  construction  ready  status,  with  seven  Mining  Licences  and 
water permits in place, comprises a 120 Mt coal deposit and a 300MW power plant. This project remains an exciting 
opportunity as highlighted by the confirmation from TANESCO that Kibo has the option to develop the project for 
the  severely  undersupplied  power  export  market  and  also  remains  well  positioned  to  participate  in  any  future 
tenders from the Tanzanian Government for the supply of coal -fired electricity.  

In the UK, Kibo has realised a  strategic development opportunity in the reserve power marker, thereby  supporting 
the country’s energy mix with much needed flexible energy projects  through  development of a portfolio  of small-
scale power generation assets. Kibo holds c. 55% interest in MAST Energy Developments Plc ('MED'). MED which 
recently  completed  a  successful  listing  (standard  listing)  and  IPO  on  the  London  Stock  Exchange    on  the  14  April 
2021  is  now  well  positioned  to  pursue  its  strategy  of  becoming  an  important  UK  player  in  the  supply  of  flexible 
power to the national grid.  It is anticipated that  MED will commission 50MW installed power by end of year 1, and 
build up to 300MW in the portfolio over the next few years. 

We  remain  focused  on  delivering  on  our  objective  of  building  a  leading-edge  multi-asset  energy  development 
company and I believe we have the requisite quality assets, skill set, team and partners and development plan to do 
this.  The  Covid-19  global  backdrop  continues  to    create  unforeseen  challenges    but  having  reacted  quickly  to 
minimise this disruption through our business continuity programme, we continue to make tangible progress across 
our portfolio. With an undeniable market demand for reliable, sustainable and affordable electricity, we believe our 
growth prospects are strong. 

Post Statement of Financial Position events 

Warrant Exercise and Share Issues 

During  2021  to  date,  Kibo  issued  an  additional  188,431,556  shares  all  of  which  resulted  from  the  exercise  of  a 
similar  amount  of  warrants  by  warrant  holders  whereupon  they  received  one  Kibo  share  for  each  warrant 
exercised.  The  warrants  were  exercisable  at  prices  of  £0.002  to  £0.004  and  yielded  proceeds  of  £697,726  to  the 
Company.  The  Company  also  issued  65,276,346  shares  at  a  deemed  share  price  of  £0.0026  to  Sanderson  Capital 
Partners Limited in payment of 50% of the outstanding balance of £339,437 on a Debt Factoring Agreement original 
signed on the 20 December 2016. The remaining balance of £169,718.5 is to be paid in cash of which £25,000 has 
already been paid. 

Listing of Mast Energy Developments Plc on the LSE 

On the 14 April 2021, Mast Energy Developments Plc listed on the London Stock Exchange. Coincident with listing, 
Kibo’s  100%  shareholding  in  MED  of  104,496,960  shares  held  through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary  Kibo  Mining 
(Cyprus) Limited reduced to 55.42%.  This resulted from the execution of a share sale agreement whereby MED’s 
wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Sloane  Developments  Limited  purchased  the  40%  minority  interest  in  Mast  Energy 

16 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Projects  Limited  that  it  did  not  already  hold  from  Guernsey  company  St.  Anderton  on  Vaal  Ltd  in  exchange  for 
36,917,076 newly issued shares in MED. MED also issued an additional 47,150,000 new shares to subscribers to the 
IPO.  

This resulted in Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited holding 104,496,960 of the 188,564,036 shares issued in MED post 
IPO (55.42% shareholding). 

Migration of Companies Dematerialised Shares to Euroclear Bank 

On the 22 February 2021, the shareholders of Kibo approved resolutions to permit the migration of the Company’s 
dematerialised shares held through CREST to Euroclear Nominees  Limited. This was required to allow shareholders 
continue  to  hold  the  Company    shares  in  dematerialised  form  following  the  UK’s  exit  from  the  EU.  The  migration 
successfully occurred on the 12 March 2021. 

2nd Production-Ready Site Approaching Operational Status for Commercial Production 

Sloane  Developments  Ltd  ('Sloane'),  has  progressed  the  acquisition  transaction  announced  in  the  RNS  of  7 
September 2020, to the point where it is now finalizing a definitive Share Purchase Agreement ("SPA") to acquire 
100% of the 9MW flexible gas power project (the 'Acquisition'). 

The  decision  was  largely  influenced  by  the  rapid  progress  made  in  getting  the  site  ready  to  commence  with 
commercial  production.  Latest  reports  from  the  project  vendor  and  onsite  engineers  state  that  the  site  will  be  in 
electricity generation readiness pending finalization of the SPA. The site and equipment will then settle into steady 
state electricity generation and commensurate revenue creation as planned for the project life cycle. 

Kibo advances Benga power project 

Kibo and its local JV partners recently attended a workshop with EDM in Maputo to discuss and agree the next steps 
towards  the  ultimate  finalization  of  a  PPA.  During  the  meeting  the  final  optimised  definitive  feasibility  study, 
inclusive of the updated grid integration study, and a summary of an updated draft financial model was presented 
and discussed as the fundamentals that will guide and focus the further course of the PPA process. This will ensure 
that a final result is obtained at the earliest opportunity possible. 

The  very  productive  discussions  during  the  workshop,  amongst  others,  also  included  an  agreement  reached 
between  the  parties  to  integrate  specific  EDM  inputs  into  the  Financial  Model  and  the  immediate  initiation  of  a 
formal EPC process towards finalizing an advanced Financial Model that reflects firm numbers on key commercial 
parameters. 

Agreement to co-develop renewable projects in South Africa 

The  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  with  South  Africa-based  Industrial  Green  Solutions  (Pty)  Ltd  ('IGES')  to 
jointly  develop  a  portfolio  of  Waste  to  Energy  projects  in  South  Africa  ('the  Agreement')  with  an  initial  target  of 
generating more than 50 megawatts of electricity for sale to industrial users.  The Agreement, which is subject to the 
satisfaction  of  certain  conditions,  is  in  line  with  Kibo's  strategy  to  integrate  renewable  energy  into  its  project 
pipeline, which includes three utility-scale power generation and mining projects. 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 
The  realisation  of  coal  mining  and  energy  assets  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and  successful  development  of 
economic mineral reserves and/or completion of positive integrated bankable feasibility studies and is subject to a 
number of significant potential risks summarised as follows, and described further below: 

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

financial instrument & foreign exchange risk;
strategic risk;
funding risk;
commercial risk;
operational risk;
staffing and key personnel risks;
speculative nature of mineral exploration and development;
political instability;
uninsurable risks; and
foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts.

17 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Financial instrument and foreign exchange risk 
The  Company  and  Group  are  exposed  to  risks  arising  from  financial  instruments  held  and  foreign  exchange 
transactions entered throughout the period. These are discussed in Note 27 to the Annual Financial Statements. 

Strategic risk 
Significant  and  increasing  competition  exists  for  mineral  and  energy  project  acquisition  opportunities  throughout 
the  world.  Because  of  this  competition,  the  Company  may  be  unable  to  acquire  and  exploit  additional  attractive 
projects on terms it considers acceptable. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any 
interest in additional mining and/or energy development projects that would yield commercial opportunities. The 
Company  expects  to  undertake  comprehensive  due  diligence  where  warranted  to  help  ensure  opportunities  are 
subjected to proper evaluation. 

Funding risk 
In  the  past  the  Company  has  raised  funds  via  equity  contributions  from  new  and  existing  shareholders,  thereby 
ensuring  the  Company  remains  a  going  concern  until  such  time  that  revenues  are  earned  through  the  sale  or 
development of its projects. There can be no assurance that such funds will continue to be available on reasonable 
terms, or at all in future. The Directors regularly review cash flow requirements to ensure the Company can meet 
financial obligations as and when they fall due.  

Commercial risk 
The  mining  industry  is  competitive  and  there  is  no  assurance  that,  even  if  commercial  quantities  of  minerals  are 
available to the Company, a profitable market will exist for the sale of such minerals. There can be no assurance that 
the  quality  of  the  minerals  will  be  such  that  the  Company  mining  assets  can  be  mined  at  a  profit  or,  where 
applicable,  support  its  energy  development  projects.  Factors  beyond  the  control  of  the  Company  may  affect  the 
marketability  of  any  minerals  discovered.  Mineral  prices  are  subject  to  volatile  price  changes  from  a  variety  of 
factors including international economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, global and regional demand, 
currency  exchange  fluctuations,  interest  rates  and  global  or  regional  consumption  patterns,  speculative  activities 
and increased production due to improved mining and production methods. Ultimately, the Company expects that 
prior  to  a  development  decision,  a  project  would  be  the  subject  of  a  feasibility  analysis  to  ensure  there  exists  an 
appropriate level of confidence in its economic viability.  

Operational risk 
Mining & energy development operations are subject to hazards normally encountered in exploration, development 
construction and production. These include unexpected geological formations, rock falls, flooding, dam wall failure 
and other incidents or conditions which could result in damage to plant or equipment or the environment and which 
could impact any future production throughout. Although it is intended to  take adequate precautions to  minimise 
risk, there is a possibility of a  material adverse impact  on the Company’s  operations and  its  financial results.  The 
Company will develop and maintain policies appropriate to the stage of development of its various projects.  

Staffing and key personnel risks 
Recruiting and retaining qualified personnel is critical to the Company’s success. The number of persons skilled in 
the  acquisition,  exploration  and  development  of  mining  properties  and  in  the  development  of  energy  projects  is 
limited and competition for such persons is intense. While the Company has good relations with its employees, these 
relations may be impacted by changes in the scheme of labour relations which may be introduced by the relevant 
governmental authorities. Adverse changes in such legislation may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
business, results of operations and financial condition. Staff are encouraged to discuss with management matters of 
interest to the employees and subjects affecting day-to-day operations of the Company. 

Speculative nature of mineral exploration & energy project development 
In  addition  to  the  above  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  current  activities  will  result  in  profitable  mining  and 
energy production. 

The  recoverability  of  the  carrying  value  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  is  dependent  on  the  successful 
discovery  of  economically  recoverable  reserves,  the  achievement  of  profitable  operations,  and  the  ability  of  the 
Company  to  raise  additional  financing,  if  necessary,  or  alternatively  upon  the  Company’s  ability  to  dispose  of  its 
interests  on  an  advantageous  basis.  Changes  in  market  conditions  could  require  material  write  downs  of  the 
carrying value of the Company’s assets.  

18 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Development of the Company’s assets is, amongst others, contingent upon obtaining satisfactory feasibility results 
and securing additional adequate funding. Mineral and  energy  project development involves substantial expenses 
and a high degree  of risk, which even a combination of  experience, knowledge and  careful evaluation may not  be 
able to adequately mitigate. The degree of risk reduces substantially when a Company’s properties move from the 
exploration  phase  to  the  advanced  feasibility  phase.  Management  continuously  assesses  funding  requirements 
against project viability and prioritise key projects over the short to medium term.  

The  development  of  mineral  deposits  is  dependent  upon  a  number  of  factors  including  the  technical  skill  of  the 
personnel  involved.  The  commercial  viability  of  a  mineral  deposit,  once  discovered,  is  also  dependent  upon  a 
number  of  factors,  including  the  size,  grade  and  proximity  to  infrastructure,  metal  prices  and  government 
regulations, including regulations relating to royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, 
and  environmental  protection.  In  addition,  several  years  can  elapse  from  the  initial  phase  of  drilling  until 
commercial operations are commenced. 

Political stability 
The Company is conducting its operational activities in Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania and the UK. The directors 
believe  that  the  governments  of  these  countries  support  the  development  of  natural  resources  and  energy 
production  by  foreign  investors  and  actively  monitor  the  situation.    However,  there  is  no  assurance  that  future 
political and economic conditions in these countries will not result in their governments adopting different policies 
regarding foreign development and ownership of mineral resources.  Any changes in policy affecting ownership of 
assets, taxation, rates of exchange, environmental protection, labour relations, repatriation of income and return of 
capital, may affect the Company’s ability to develop its projects. 

Uninsurable risks 
The  Company  may  become  subject  to  liability  for  accidents,  pollution  and  other  hazards  against  which  it  cannot 
insure or against which it may elect not to insure because of prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons, such as 
amounts which exceed policy limits. The company chooses to manage these risks, as best possible, through cautious 
business practice, on a continuous basis.  

Foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts 
The Group is subject to risk arising from the ever-changing economic environment in which its subsidiaries operate, 
mainly  driven  by  the  changing  regulatory  environment  governing  corporate  taxation,  transfer  pricing  and  other 
investment  related  operational  activities.  The  Group  continues  to  re-assess  its  investment  decisions  to  limit 
exposure to the ever-changing regulatory environment in which it operates.  

Directors’ Interests 
The interests of the directors and Company secretary (held directly and indirectly), who held office at the date of 
approval of the financial statements, in the share capital of the Company are as follows: 

Ordinary Shares (held directly and indirectly) 

10/06/21 

31/12/20 

31/12/19 

Directors & Secretary 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Louis Coetzee 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos   
Christiaan Schutte 

6,004,842 
7,037,047 
19,505,996 
7,419,800 
1,191,241  
17,073,663 
- 

6,004,842 
7,037,047 
19,505,996 
7,419,800 
1,191,241 
17,073,663 
- 

6,004,842 
7,037,047 
19,505,996 
7,419,800 
1,191, 241 
17,073,663 
n/a 

Warrants (held directly and indirectly) 

10/06/21 

31/12/20 

31/12/19 

Directors & Secretary 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos   
Christiaan Schutte 

1,942,500 
5,720,000 
1,722,800 
2,242,800 
407,500  
4,742,500 
- 

5,827,500 
17,160,000 
5,168,400 
6,728,400 
1,222,500 
14,227,500 
- 

19 

5,827,500 
17,160,000 
5,168,400 
6,728,400 
1,222,500 
14,227,500 
n/a 

 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The above warrants in issue are exercisable at a price of £0.006 at any time up to 3 November 2022. 

For further detail surrounding the ordinary shares, share options and warrants in issue, refer to Notes 18 and 20 of 
the annual financial statements. 

Transactions Involving Directors 
There have been no contracts or arrangements of significance during the period in which Directors of the Company, 
or their related parties, were interested other than as disclosed in Note 26 to the annual financial statements. 

Directors meetings 
The  Company  held  twenty-five  (25)  Board  meetings  during  the  reporting  period  and  the  number  of  meetings 
attended by each of the directors of the Company during the year to 31 December 2020 were: 

Director Name 

Position 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Andreas Lianos  
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Christiaan Schutte 

Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 
Non-Executive Financial Director 
Non-Executive Technical Director 
Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Executive Director (appointed 9 Nov 20) 

24 
25 
23 
25 
21 
22 
2 

25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
3 

Under  the  Company’s  Memorandum  &  Articles  of  Association,  one  third  of  directors  are  required  to  retire  by 
rotation from the Board on an annual basis, through resignation at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and may put 
themselves forward again for re-election at the AGM. 

Committee meetings 
The  Company  held  two  (2)  Audit  Committee  meetings  during  the  reporting  period  and  the  number  of  meetings 
attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2020 were: 

Director Name 

Position 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Andreas Lianos 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Wenzel Kerremans 

Chairman (Non-Executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

The  Company  held  one  (1)  Remuneration  Committee  meetings  during  the  reporting  period  and  the  number  of 
meetings attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2020 were: 

Director Name 

Position 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Andreas Lianos 
Wenzel Kerremans 

Chairman (Non-Executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

20 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Company held one (1) Governance Committee meeting during the reporting period and the number of meetings 
attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2020 were: 

Director Name 

Position 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Wenzel Kerremans   

Chairman (Non-executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

Significant Shareholdings 
According  to  the  latest  information  available  to  the  Company,  in  addition  to  the  interests  of  the  directors,  at  31 
December 2020 and at the date of this report, the following shareholders own 3% or more beneficial interest, either 
direct or indirect, of the issued share capital of the Company, which is considered significant for disclosure purposes 
in the annual financial statements: 

Percentage of issued share capital 

10/06/21 

31/12/20 

31/12/19 

Sanderson Capital Partners Ltd 
Sechaba Natural Resources Limited  
Yakoub Yakoubov 
David Ryan 
Pegasus Pirouette Capital London Ltd 

13.43% 
- 
3.64% 
- 
3.14% 

11.03% 
- 
3.06% 
3.22% 
- 

13.96% 
10.19% 
4% 
- 
- 

Subsidiary Undertakings 
Details of the Company’s subsidiary undertakings are set out in Note 25 to the annual financial statements. 

Political Donations 
During the period, the Group made no charitable or political contributions (2019: £ nil). 

Going Concern 
In  the  past  the  Group  has  raised  funds  via  equity  contributions  from  new  and  existing  shareholders,  thereby 
ensuring  the  Group  remains  a  going  concern  until  such  time  that  revenues  are  earned  through  the  sale  or 
development  and  mining  of  a  mineral  deposit.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  such  funds  will  continue  to  be 
available on reasonable terms, or at all in future. The Directors regularly review cash flow requirements to ensure 
the Group can meet financial obligations as and when they fall due.  

The  Group  currently  generates  no  revenue  and  had  net  assets  of  £26,558,688  as  at  31  December  2020  (31 
December 2019: £28,297,147). As at year end, the Group had liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalent 
and other financial asset balances receivable of £256,760 and £115,886 respectively. The Group further improved 
its liquid assets position post year-end following from the successful capital raising as further expanded on in note 
28. 

The directors are following an active approach to continuously reduce administrative costs in order to alleviate the 
pressure on cash flow, most notably the 40% reduction in the remuneration of directors and management that were 
implemented effective June 2020. 

The directors have reviewed budgets, projected cash flows and other relevant information, and on the basis of this 
review,  are  confident  that  the  Company  and  the  Group  will  have  adequate  financial  resources  to  continue  in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future.  

COVID-19 Update 
Subsequent to year end,  there has been a gradual easing of COVID-19 related restrictions throughout  the areas in 
which the Group operates, resulting in an increase in mobility and operational activities in Mozambique, Tanzania 
and  South  Africa.  With  the  roll-out  of  the  vaccination  programs  continuing  in  various  jurisdictions  in  which  the 
Group  operates,  it  is  expected  that  the  impact  of  COVID-19  in  the  2021  financial  year  will  gradually  subside  to  a 
point where operational activities will return to what will be the new normal going forward. 

21 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The safety and wellbeing of Kibo's employees and contractors is the highest priority for the Company at this time. 
Accordingly, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in line with government guidelines, a business continuity 
programme has been put in place, where employees are being asked to work from home, and limit travel.     

The situation and guidance being given in respect of COVID-19 is an evolving one, which the Board will continue to 
actively monitor.  

In this unprecedented time, it is our priority and responsibility to ensure the safety of our team.  We will continue to 
provide updates on our business and operations as necessary. Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to send 
our very best wishes to all during this difficult time. 

Environmental responsibility 
The Company recognises that its activities require it to have regard to the potential impact that it, its subsidiaries 
and  partners  may  have  on  the  environment.  Where  exploration  and  development  works  are  carried  out,  care  is 
taken to limit the amount of disturbance and where any remediation works are required they are carried out as and 
when required. 

Dividends 
There have been no dividends declared or paid during the current financial period (2019: £ nil). 

Corporate Governance Policy 
The  Board  is  aware  of  the  importance  to  conform  to  its  statutory  responsibilities  and  industry  good  practice  in 
relation to corporate governance of the Group. 
The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties 
and  responsibilities  the  Board  implements  control  procedures  that  assess  and  manage  risk  and  ensure  robust 
financial and operational management within the Company. The principal risks that the Company is exposed to can 
be classified under the general headings of exploration risk, commodity risk, price risk, currency risk and political 
risk. 

The  Board  also  sets  the  Company’s  core  values  and  ethical  standards  of  business  conduct  ensuring  these  are 
effectively communicated to all staff and are monitored continuously by the Board. 

The  Board  sets  the  Company’s  strategy  and  monitors  its  implementation  through  management  and  financial 
performance  reviews.  It  also  works  to  ensure  that  adequate  resources  are  available  to  implement  strategy  in  a 
timely manner. 

The  Company  subscribes  to  the  values  of  good  corporate  governance  at  all  levels  and  is  committed  to  conduct 
business with discipline, integrity and social responsibility. The Board of Directors is firmly committed to promoting 
Kibo  Energy  PLC’s  adherence  to  the  principles  contained  in  the  QCA  Corporate  Governance  Code  (2018)  (“QCA 
Code”),  and  constantly  reviews  its  performance  against  the  QCA  Code.  The  Directors  are  committed  to  the 
implementation  of  the  principles  and  non-compliance  is  limited  to  the  matter  listed  in  this  report.  In  compliance 
with its statutory, AIM & JSE listing obligations, the directors present a Corporate Governance Report on page 7. 

Role of Directors 
All Board members ensure that appropriate governance procedures are adhered to and there is a clear division of 
responsibilities at Board level to ensure a balance of power and authority so that no one individual has unfettered 
powers of decision making.  

The role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are not held by the same director. The Chairman is a non-executive 
director.  

Board and Audit Committee meetings have been taking  place periodically and the executive directors manage the 
daily Company operations with the Board meetings taking place on a regular basis throughout the financial period. 
During the current reporting period the Board met twenty five (25) times and provided pertinent information to the 
Executive Committee of the Company. 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  effective  control  over  the  affairs  of  the  Company,  including:  strategic  and  policy 
decision-making  financial  control,  risk  management,  communication  with  stakeholders,  internal  controls  and  the 
asset management process.  
Directors are entitled, in consultation with the Chairman, to seek independent professional advice about the affairs 
of the Company, at the Company’s expense. 

22 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The composition, roles and responsibilities of the board committees established by the Company are set out in the 
Corporate Governance Report. 

Internal Audit 
The  Company  does  not  have  an  internal  audit  function.  Currently  the  operations  of  the  Group  do  not  warrant  an 
internal  audit  function,  however  the  Board  is  assessing  the  need  to  establish  an  internal  audit  department 
considering  future  prospects  as  the  Group’s  operations  increase.  During  the  period  the  Board  has  taken 
responsibility  to  ensure  effective  governance,  risk  management  and  that  the  internal  control  environment  is 
maintained. 

Health, Safety and Environmental Policy 
The  Group  is  committed  to  high  standards  of  Health,  Safety  and  Environmental  performance  across  our  business. 
Our goal is to protect people, minimise harm to the environment, integrate biodiversity considerations and reduce 
disruption to our neighbouring communities. We seek to achieve continuous improvement in our Health, Safety and 
Environmental performance. 

Corporate Social Responsibility Policy (CSR) 
The Group’s policy is to conduct all our business operations to best industry standards and to behave in a socially 
responsible manner. Our goal is to behave ethically and with integrity and to respect cultural, national and religious 
diversity. 

Governance of IT 
The Board is responsible for IT governance as an integral part of the Group’s governance as a whole. The IT function 
is not expected to significantly change in the foreseeable future. The Board has the required policies and procedures 
in place to ensure governance of IT is adhered to. 

Integrated and Sustainability Reporting 
Integrated Reporting is defined as a “holistic and integrated representation of the Group’s performance in terms of 
both its finances and its sustainability”. The Group currently does not have a separate integrated report. The Board 
and  its  sub-committees  are  in  the  process  of  assessing  the  principles  and  practices  of  integrated  reporting  and 
sustainability  reporting to ensure  that adequate information about the operations  of  the Group, the sustainability 
issues pertinent to its business, the financial results and the results of its operations and cash flows are disclosed in 
a single report. 

Statement of Directors Responsibility 
The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable Laws and Regulations. 

Irish  Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare  Group  and  parent  Company  financial  statements  for  each 
financial  period.  As  permitted  by  Company  law,  the  directors  have  prepared  the  Group  financial  statements  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted  by the European Union (EU IFRS) 
and have elected to prepare the Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2014. 

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  are  required  by  law  and  EU  IFRS  to  present  fairly  the  financial 
position  and  performance  of  the  Group.  References  in  the  relevant  part  of  the  Companies  Act  2014  to  financial 
statements  giving  a  true  and  fair  view  are  provided  for  in  the  Act  to  mean  such  references  to  the  financial 
statements  achieving  a  fair  presentation.  In  preparing  each  of  the  Group  and  Company  financial  statements,  the 
directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;
•
• make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•

state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the
Group and Company will continue in business.

•

The directors confirm they have complied with the above requirements in preparing these accounts. 

Under  applicable  law  the  directors  are  also  responsible  for  preparing  a  Directors’  Report  and  reports  relating  to 
directors’ remuneration and corporate governance that comply with that law and those rules.  

23 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any 
time  the  financial  position  of  the  Company  and  which  enable  them  to  ensure  that  its  financial  statements  are 
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and comply with the Companies Act 2014, 
and European Communities (Companies: Group Accounts) Regulations 1992 and all regulations to be construed as 
one with those acts. They are also responsible for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the 
assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud 
and other irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on  the  Company’s  website.  Legislation  in  the  Republic  of  Ireland  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

The Board 
The  Board  is  responsible  for  the  supervision  and  control  of  the  Company  and  is  accountable  to  the  shareholders. 
The  Board  has  reserved  decision-making  on  a  variety  of  matters,  including  determining  strategy  for  the  Group, 
reviewing and monitoring executive management performance and monitoring risks and controls. 

Accounting records 
The  measures  taken  by  the  directors  to  ensure  compliance  with  the  requirements  in  Sections  281  to  285  of  the 
Companies  Act  2014,  regarding  proper  books  of  account,  are  the  implementation  of  necessary  policies  and 
procedures  for  recording  transactions,  the  employment  of  competent  accounting  personnel  with  appropriate 
expertise and the provision  of adequate resources to the financial function. The  books of account of  the Company 
are maintained at 119 Witch-Hazel Avenue, Highveld Technopark, Centurion 0157, South Africa.  

Auditors 
The auditors, Crowe Ireland, were re-appointed as the Company’s auditors at the last Annual General Meeting and 
have indicated their willingness to continue in office in accordance with section s383(2) of the Companies Act 2014. 

Provision of information to the auditor 
Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors’ Report is approved has confirmed that: 

•

•

So far as that  Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of  which the Company’s auditor is
unaware, and

That Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director in order to be aware of any
information needed by the Company’s auditors in connection with preparing their report and to establish
that the Company’s auditor are aware of that information.

Compliance statement 
The  directors  acknowledge  that  they  are  responsible  for  securing  the  Company's  compliance  with  the  Company's 
''relevant  obligations''  within  the  meaning  of  section  225  of  the  Companies  Act  2014  (described  below  as  the 
''relevant obligations'').  

The directors confirm that they have: 
•

drawn  up  a  compliance  policy  statement  setting  out  the  Company's  policies  (that  are,  in  the  opinion  of  the
directors, appropriate to the Company) in respect of the Company's compliance with its Relevant Obligations;
put in place appropriate arrangements or structures that, in the opinion of the Directors, provide a reasonable
assurance of compliance in all material respects with the Company's Relevant Obligations; and
during the financial year to which this report relates, conducted a review of the arrangements of structures that
the directors have put in place to ensure material compliance with the Company's Relevant Obligations.

•

•

On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
10 June 2021 

Noel O’Keeffe 
10 June 2021

24 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

Dear Shareholders, 

I  am  pleased  to  present  this  report  on  behalf  of  the  Audit  Committee  and  to  report  on  the  progress  made  by  the 
Committee during the year.  

Aims of the Audit Committee 

Our  purpose  is  to  assist  the  Board  in  managing  risk,  discharging  its  duties  regarding  the  preparation  of  financial 
statements,  ensure  that  a  robust  framework  of  accounting  policies  is  in  place  and  enacted  and  oversee  the 
maintenance of proper internal financial controls. 

The Audit Committee consists of myself (Chairman) and two other non-executive directors, Christian Schaffalitzky 
and  Wenzel  Kerremans.  The  Committee  aims  to  meet  at  least  once  each  year  and  its  key  responsibilities  include 
monitoring  the  integrity  of  the  Group’s  financial  reporting  and  to  approve  and  recommend  the  annual  financial 
statements to the Board. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are invited to attend meetings of the 
Committee.  

 The Audit Committee is committed to: 

• Maintaining  the  integrity  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  reviewing  any  significant

•

•
•

•

reporting matters therein;
Reviewing  the  Annual  &  Interim  Report  and  Accounts  and  monitoring  the  accuracy  and  fairness  of  the
Company’s financial statements;
Ensuring compliance of financial statements with applicable accounting standards and the AIM & JSE Rules;
Reviewing  the  adequacy  and  effectiveness  of  the  internal  financial  control  environment  and  risk
management systems; and
Overseeing  the  relationship  with  and  the  remuneration  of  the  external  auditor,  reviewing  their
performance and advising the Board members on their appointment.

The Audit Committee met twice in 2020. 

Activities of the Audit Committee during the year 

On  behalf  of  the  Board,  the  Audit  Committee  has  closely  monitored  the  maintenance  of  internal  controls  and  risk 
management  during  the  year.  Key  financial  risks  are  reported  during  each  Audit  Committee  meeting,  including 
developments and progress made towards mitigating these risks.  

The  Audit  committee  received  and  reviewed  reports  from  the  Chief  Financial  Officer,  other  members  of 
management  and  external  auditors  relating  to  the  interim  and  annual  accounts  and  the  accounting  and  internal 
control systems in use throughout the Group. 

The  external  auditors  attended  meetings  to  discuss  the  planning  and  conclusions  of  their  work  and  met  with 
members of the committee. The committee was able to call for information from management and consult with the 
external auditors directly as required. 

The  objectivity  and  independence  of  the  external  auditors  was  safeguarded  by  reviewing  the  auditors’  formal 
declarations, monitoring relationships between key audit staff and the Company and tracking the level of non-audit 
fees payable to the auditors. Significant attention was given to the level of non-audit fees provided. 

As  noted  above,  the  committee  met  twice  during  the  year,  to  review  the  2019  annual  accounts  and  the  interim 
accounts  to  30  June  2020  and  audit  planning  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020.  Members  of  the  committee 
reviewed  with  the  independent  auditor  its  judgements  as  to  the  acceptability  of  the  Company’s  accounting 
principles. 

25 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

Since  the  year  end  the  committee  has  met  further  with  the  auditors  to  consider  the  2020  financial  statements.  In 
particular, the committee discussed the significant audit risks, accounting for acquisitions and disposals during the 
year  and  the  application  of  the  new  accounting  standard.  In  addition,  the  committee  monitors  the  auditor  firm’s 
independence from Company management and the Company. 

___________________________ 
Andreas Lianos 
Chairman 
Audit Committee 
10.June.2021

26 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Kibo Energy Plc 

Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Opinion  
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Kibo Energy Plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (the 
“Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2020, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and 
Other  Comprehensive  Income,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  the  Company  Statement  of 
Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, 
the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Cash  Flows,  the  Company  Statement  of  Cash  Flows,  the  Summary  of  Significant 
Accounting  Policies  and  the  related  notes  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  The  financial  reporting 
framework that has been applied in their preparation is Irish Law and International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRSs”), as adopted by the EU. 
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements: 

•

•

•

•

give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2020 and of the
profit or loss and cash flows of the Group for the year then ended;
give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2020 and of the Company
cash flows for the year then ended;
have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRSs”),  as
adopted by the EU; and
have been properly prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014.

Basis for Opinion 
We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (Ireland)  (“ISAs  (Ireland)”).  Our 
responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  Responsibilities  for  the  Audit  of  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the 
International  Ethics  Standards  Board  for  Accountants’  Code  of  Ethics  for  Professional  Accountants  (IESBA  Code), 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code.  

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty relating to going concern 
We draw attention to the  Section headed Going Concern on page 40 of the  financial statements, which details the 
factors the Company has considered when assessing the going concern position. As detailed in the relevant note on 
page 40, the uncertainty surrounding the availability of funds to finance ongoing working capital requirements and 
the financing of commercial projects of the Group through to the stage of cash generation indicates the existence of a 
material  uncertainty  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  Our 
opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Our responsibilities with respect to Going Concern are described further the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  section  of  this  report  while  the  directors’  responsibilities  are  described 
further in the Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial 
Statements section. 

Overview of our audit approach 
Our application of materiality  
In planning and performing our audit we use the concept of materiality. An item is considered material if it could 
reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. Materiality is used as 
to help establish our areas of audit focus and to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified in the course of the 
audit.  

Materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole was set at £320,000 (2019: £170,000) This was based on 
5% of the Group loss for the year. Parent company materiality was set at £240,000 (2019: £218,000) based on 0.5% 
of total assets of the Company.  

27 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

We use Performance Materiality to determine the nature and extent of our audit testing. Performance Materiality is 
a  measure  based  on  overall  audit  materiality  (as  above)  adjusted  downwards  for  the  judgements  we  make  as  to 
entity risk and specific risks around each audit area, having regard to the internal control environment.  

For  certain  items  such  as  related  party  transactions  and  directors’  remuneration  disclosures,  we  may  reduce 
performance materiality further.  

All errors identified in excess of 5% of Materiality (£16,000) (2019: £8,500) are reported to the Audit Committee. 
Other  errors  below  this  threshold  may  be  reported  to  the  Audit  Committee  on  qualitative  grounds,  if  we  believe 
warranted.  

Overview of the scope of our audit 
The  Group  operates  in  six  main  jurisdictions:  Ireland,  the  UK,  Cyprus,  Tanzania,  Bostwana  and  Mozambique.  The 
audit  of  Kibo  Energy  plc  was  conducted  from  Ireland.  The  transactions  undertaken  in  Ireland  are  Corporate  and 
administrative  in  nature,  principally  capital  fund  raising  and  associated  costs,  professional  fees  and  the 
administration and incurrence of exploration and development expenditure on behalf of subsidiaries.  

We engaged member firms of the Crowe international network to undertake work on the UK, Cyprus and Tanzanian 
subsidiaries under our direction. Following discussions at the planning stage, we issued instructions to the network 
firms that set out the significant risks to be addressed and the information we required to be reported. We further 
reviewed  and  discussed  their  working  papers  on  key  findings,  as  well  as  obtaining  information  directly  from 
management on matters accounted for at subsidiary level but significant at group level.  

Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of 
the  consolidated  financial  statements  as  a  whole,  and  in  forming  our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not  provide  a 
separate opinion on these matters. 

Key audit matter 
Carrying value of indefinite life intangibles 

Intangible assets with an indefinite life must be 
tested for impairment  on an annual basis. The 
determination  of  their  recoverable  amount 
requires judgement on the part of management 
in  both 
identifying  and  then  valuing  the 
relevant  cash  generating  units  especially  for 
projects  where 
is  an  uncertain   
there 
timeframe. 
The  Group  has  upstream  and  downstream 
power  generation  and  delivery  projects  in 
Tanzania (Mbeya Coal to Power (MCPP) and in 
the  United  Kingdom  (Bordersley  Power).  The 
intangible assets at 31 December 2020 totalled 
£18.8m  (2019:  £18.8m).  No  impairment  was 
recognised during the year.  
We  considered  the  risk  whether  indicators  of 
impairment may exist. 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter 
Our  procedures  to  obtain  comfort  that  the  balance  of  the 
indefinite  life  intangible  assets  is  not  materially  misstated, 
included: 
-

Obtaining  and  reviewing  documentation  supporting
the ownership and rights and obligations assertions in
relation  to  the  exploration  and  evaluation  assets,  as
well  as  reviewing  the  status  of  the  required  permits
and licenses;
Discussing  and  challenging  management  as  to  the
status  of  the  project  development  and  future  planned
exploration and development;
and 
Considering 
impairment review;
Ensuring  that  the  accounting  for  the  exploration  and
evaluation assets was in accordance with IFRS 6;
the
Confirming 
underlying project is in excess of the carrying value of
goodwill;
Assessing  whether  the  disclosures  in  relation  to  the
intangible  assets  are
valuation  of  goodwill  and 
financial  reporting
compliant  with 
requirements.

the  recoverable  value  of 

management’s

the  relevant 

challenging 

that 

-

-

-

-

-

Our findings 
We  have  obtained  sufficient  comfort  that  the  Group  has 
accounted  for  its  indefinite  life  intangibles  in  accordance  with 
applicable  standards  and  with  the  accounting  policies  as  set 
out.  

28 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Continued  Consolidation  of  Katoro  Gold  Plc 
Group  after  Reduction  in  Shareholding  below 
50% 

During the year, Kibo’s shareholding in Katoro 
Gold  plc  moved  from  a  56%  interest  in  the 
ordinary  share  capital  to  a  29%  interest. 
Management  have  reviewed  whether  this 
reduction  in  shareholding  should  result  in  the 
de-recognition of the Katoro Gold plc Group as 
a  subsidiary  and  have  concluded  that  Kibo 
continues  to  exercise  a  level  of  control  that 
IFRS  10: 
meets  the  requirements  under 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  and  have 
continued  to  consolidate  the  results  of  Katoro 
Gold  plc  Group  into  the  Group  results  of  Kibo 
for 2020. 

Carrying value of the Associate Undertaking 

In  2019,  Kibo  restructured  its  holding  in  Kibo 
Energy  Botswana  to  a  35%  interest  of  an 
enlarged  resource.  As  a  result,  it  is  accounted 
for  as  investment  in  an  associate  at    £9.7m 
(2019: £9.7). 

the  associate 

The  carrying  value  of 
is 
underpinned by the interest of the Group in the 
Mabesekwa  MCIPP  Project  and  no  movement 
on  the  carrying  value  of  the  associate  was 
recognised  in  the  year,  nor  any  impairment 
provision recognised. 

We  considered  the  risk  whether  indicators  of 
impairment may exist. 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Our  procedures  to  obtain  comfort  that  the  accounting 
treatment adopted by the company is reasonable, included: 

Obtaining  evidence  to  support  the  shareholding  in
Katoro  Gold  plc  at  the  year  end  and  to  establish  that
the  factors  identified  by  the  company  to  suggest  that
Kibo  exercises  control  over  Katoro  Gold  plc  are
accurate;
Discussing and challenging  management on the extent
to which control is exercised by individual directors in
Katoro  Gold  plc,  in  their  capacity  as  directors  as
representatives of Kibo;
Ensuring  that  the  accounting  for  Katoro  Gold  pc  as  a
subsidiary  is  in  line  with  IFRS  10,  Consolidated
Financial Statements;
Assessing  whether  the  disclosures  in  relation  to  the
basis  of  the  decision  to  continue  to  consolidate  are
financial  reporting
compliant  with 
requirements.

the  relevant 

Our findings 
We  have  obtained  sufficient  comfort  that  the  Group  has 
accounted for its interest in Katoro Gold plc in accordance with 
the applicable standards and with the accounting policies as set 
out.  

Our  procedures  to  obtain  comfort  that  the  balance  of  the 
associate asset is not materially misstated, included: 

Obtaining  evidence  to  support  the  lack  of  movements
in  the  associate  carrying  value  arising  from  share  of
profit or loss for the year;
Discussing  and  challenging  management  as  to  the
status  of  the  project  development  and  future  planned
exploration and development;
Considering 
and 
impairment review;
Assessing  whether  the  disclosures  in  relation  to  the
accounting  for  the  associate  are  compliant  with  the
relevant financial reporting requirements.

management’s

challenging 

Our findings 
We  have  obtained  sufficient  comfort  that  the  Group  has 
accounted for its investment in the associate in accordance with 
applicable  standards  and  with  the  accounting  policies  as  set 
out.  

Other information 
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included 
in  the  Annual  report,  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  our  Auditors'  report  thereon.  Our  opinion  on  the 
financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our 
report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

29 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our 
knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material 
inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material 
misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work 
we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to 
report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2014 

Based solely on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, we report that: 

•

•

in  our  opinion,  the  information  given  in  the  Directors'  Report  is  consistent  with  the  financial  statements;
and
in our opinion, the Directors' Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

We have obtained all the information and explanations which we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit. 

In  our  opinion  the  accounting  records  of  the  Company  were  sufficient  to  permit  the  financial  statements  to  be 
readily and properly audited, and the financial statements are in agreement with the accounting records. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

Based on the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, 
we have not identified any material misstatements in the Directors' Report. 

The Companies Act 2014 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion, the disclosures of directors' remuneration 
and transactions required by sections 305 to 312 of the Act are not made. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

30 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Respective responsibilities and restrictions on use 

Responsibilities  of  Management  and  Those  Charged  with  Governance  for  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements 
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement on page 23, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the consolidated financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and 
for  such  internal  control  as  the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern 
basis  of  accounting  unless  management  either  intends  to  liquidate  the  Group  or  to  cease  operations,  or  has  no 
realistic alternative but to do so.  

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process. 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our  opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a  guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in 
accordance with ISAs (Ireland) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.  
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (Ireland), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
scepticism throughout the audit. We also:  

•

•

•

•

•

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due
to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence
that  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our  opinion.  The  risk  of  not  detecting  a  material
misstatement  resulting  from  fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from  error,  as  fraud  may  involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that
are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness
of the Group’s internal control;
Evaluate  the appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting  estimates
and related disclosures made by management;
Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based
on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that
may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  If  we  conclude  that  a
material  uncertainty  exists,  we  are  required  to  draw  attention  in  our  auditor’s  report  to  the  related
disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  or,  if  such  disclosures  are  inadequate,  to  modify  our
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date  of our auditor’s report.
However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern;
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including
the  disclosures,  and  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  represent  the  underlying  transactions
and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business
activities  within  the  Group  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  We  are
responsible  for  the  direction,  supervision  and  performance  of  the  group  audit.  We  remain  solely
responsible for our audit opinion.

We  communicate  with  those  charged  with  governance  regarding,  among  other  matters,  the  planned  scope  and 
timing  of  the  audit  and  significant  audit  findings,  including  any  significant  deficiencies  in  internal  control  that  we 
identify during our audit. 

We  also  provide  those  charged  with  governance  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  relevant  ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.  

31 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Revenue 
Administrative expenses 
Listing and capital raising fees 
Exploration expenditure   
Operating loss 
Investment and other income 
Share of loss from associate 
Finance costs 
Loss before tax 
Taxation 
Loss for the period 

Other comprehensive loss: 

Items that may be classified subsequently to profit or loss: 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 
Exchange differences reclassified on disposal of foreign operation 
Other Comprehensive loss for the period net of tax 

Total comprehensive loss for the period 

Loss for the period  
Attributable to the owners of the parent 
Attributable to the non-controlling interest 

Total comprehensive loss for the period 
Attributable to the owners of the parent 
Attributable to the non-controlling interest 

Loss Per Share 
Basic loss per share 
Diluted loss per share 

All activities derive from continuing operations. 

GROUP 

31 December 
2020 

Note 

Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2019 
Audited 
£ 

-  
(3,393,687) 
(1,027,658) 
(2,052,202) 
(6,473,547) 
78,945 
(332)
(22,303) 
(6,417,237) 
- 
(6,417,237) 

- 
(2,922,927) 
(729,072) 
(897,039) 
(4,549,038) 
645,922 
-
-
(3,903,116) 
- 
(3,903,116) 

3 
2 
11 

3 
6 

152,635 
121,670 
274,305 

86,098 
- 
86,098 

(6,142,932) 

(3,817,018) 

(6,417,237) 
(4,726,286) 
(1,690,951) 

(3,903,116) 
(3,500,004) 
(403,112) 

(6,142,932) 
(4,451,981) 
(1,690,951) 

(3,817,018) 
(3,415,653) 
(401,365) 

8 
8 

(0.003) 
(0.003) 

(0.004) 
(0.004) 

The Group has no recognised gains or losses other than those dealt with in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other 
Comprehensive Income. 

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 10 June 2021 and 
signed on its behalf by: 

On behalf of the Board 

________________________       
Christian Schaffalitzky 

________________________ 
 Noel.O’Keeffe 

33 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

GROUP 

Assets 
Non-Current Assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Investments in associates 
Other financial assets 
Goodwill 
Total non-current assets 

Current Assets 

Other financial asset 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash 
Total current assets 

Assets classified as held for sale 
Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities 
Equity 
Called up share capital 
Share premium account 

Control reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Translation reserve 
Retained deficit 
Attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Non-controlling interest        
Total Equity 

Liabilities 
 Current Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Total Current Liabilities 

Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale 
Total Equity and Liabilities 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2019 
Audited 
£ 

Note 

9 
10 
11 
12 
14 

12 
15 
16 

17 

18 
18 

19 
20 
21 

  22 

23 
24 

17 

2,118 
18,491,105 
9,696,351 
-
300,000 
28,489,574 

64,405 
18,491,105 
9,696,683 
37,661
300,000
28,589,854 

- 
115,886 
256,760 
372,646 

- 
380,693 
91,634 
472,327 

-
28,862,220 

794,074
29,856,255 

20,411,493 
44,312,371 

(18,329) 
1,728,487 
(598,637) 
(39,019,856) 
26,815,529 
(256,841) 
26,558,688 

19,532,350 
42,750,436 

(18,329) 
1,504,513 
(872,942) 
(34,625,954) 

28,270,074  
27,073  
28,297,147  

1,444,986 
858,546 
2,303,532 

1,024,126 
523,725 
1,547,851 

-
28,862,220 

11,257
29,856,255 

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80  form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 10 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

On behalf of the Board 

_____________________________      
Christian Schaffalitzky   

________________________      
Noel O’Keeffe 

34 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Company 

Non-Current Assets 
Investments in group undertakings 
Total Non- current assets 

Current Assets 

Trade and other receivables 
Cash 
Total Current assets 

Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities 
Equity 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Share based payment reserves 
Retained deficit 
Total Equity  

Liabilities 
Current Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Total liabilities 
Total Equity and Liabilities 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2019 
Audited 
£ 

46,664,160 
46,664,160 

43,318,643 
43,318,643 

39,085 
141,788 
180,873 

361,467 
31,389 
392,856 

46,845,033 

43,711,499 

20,411,493 
44,312,371 
977,575 
(19,419,674) 
46,281,765 

19,532,350 
42,750,436 
977,575 
(20,109,544) 
43,150,817 

25 

15 
16 

18 
18 
20 

23 
24 

218,877 
344,391 
563,268 
46,845,033 

265,727 
294,955 
560,682 
43,711,499 

Equity includes a profit for the year of the parent company of £689,870 (2019: loss of £1,832,539).  

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80  form integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 10 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

On behalf of the Board 

______________________________      
Christian Schaffalitzky   

________________________      
Noel O’Keeffe 

35 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

GROUP 
All figures are stated in Sterling 

Balance as at 1 January 2019 
Loss for the year 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
premium 

Warrants and 
Share based 
payment 
reserve 

Control 
reserve 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 

Retained 
deficit 

Non-controlling 
interest 

Total equity 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

17,240,017 
- 

39,205,318 
- 

41,807 
- 

(18,329) 
- 

(656,622) 
-

(29,399,788) 
(3,500,004) 

409,171 
(403,112) 

26,821,574 
(3,903,116) 

Adjustment arising from change in non-controlling interest 
Other comprehensive income - exchange differences  

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

-
84,351 

(1,726,162) 
-

19,267 
1,747 

(1,706,895) 
86,098 

Disposal of subsidiary 
Proceeds of share issue of share capital 
Deferred vendor liability – equity settled 
Share options and warrants issued during the year 

Balance as at 31 December 2019 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive income - exchange differences  
Shares issued 
Shares issued to pay deferred vendor liability 
Warrants issued by Katoro Gold plc 
Share Options issued by Katoro Gold plc 
Change in shareholding without a loss of control 
Disposal of subsidiary 

Balance as at 31 December 2020 

Note 

The notes on pages 50-80  form part of the financial statements. 

- 
2,292,333 
- 
- 
2,292,333 
19,532,350 
- 
- 
871,984 
7,159 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
3,545,118 
- 
- 
3,545,118 
42,750,436 
- 
- 
1,149,095 
412,840 
- 
- 
- 
- 

879,143 
20,411,493 

1,561,935 
44,312,371 

- 
- 
421,471 
1,041,235 
1,462,706 
1,504,513 
- 
- 
- 
(421,471) 
419,667 
225,778 
- 
- 

223,974 
1,728,487 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(18,329) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
(18,329) 

(300,671) 
- 
- 
- 
(216,320)
(872,942) 
-
152,635 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-
121,670 

-
- 
- 
- 
(5,226,166) 
(34,625,954) 
(4,726,286) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
332,384 
- 

274,305
(598,637) 

(4,393,902) 
(39,019,856) 

18 

18 

20 

19 

21 

-
-
- 
- 
(382,098) 
27,073 
(1,690,951) 
- 
-
- 
- 
- 
1,407,037 
- 

(283,914) 
(256,841) 

22 

(300,671) 
5,837,451 
421,471 
1,041,235 
1,475,573 
28,297,147 
(6,417,237) 
152,635 
2,021,079 
(1,472) 
419,667 
225,778 
1,739,421 
121,670  
(1,738,459) 
26,558,688 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 10 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

On behalf of the Board 

________________________________  
Christian Schaffalitzky 

________________________  
Noel O’Keeffe 

36 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

COMPANY 
All figures are stated in Sterling 

Balance at 1 January 2019 
Loss for the year 
Share options and warrants issued during the year 
Proceeds of issue of share capital 

Balance at 31 December 2019 
Profit for the year 
Shares issued 
Shares issued to pay deferred vendor liability 

Balance at 31 December 2020 
Note 

Share capital 

Share premium  Share based 

payment 
reserve 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 

Retained deficit  Total equity 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

17,240,017 

39,205,318 

977,575 

- 
2,292,333 
2,292,333 
19,532,350 
- 
871,984 
7,159 
879,143 
20,411,493 

18 

- 
3,545,118 
3,545,118 
42,750,436 
- 
1,149,095 
412,840 
1,561,935 
44,312,371 

18 

- 
- 
977,575 
977,575 
- 
- 
- 
- 
977,575 
20 

21 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(18,277,005) 
(1,832,539) 
-
- 
(1,832,549)
(20,109,544) 
689,870 
- 
- 
689,870 
(19,419,674) 

38,168,330
(1,832,539) 
977,575 
5,837,451 
4,982,487 
43,150,817
689,870 
2,021,079 
419,999 
3,130,948 
46,281,765

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 10 June 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

On behalf of the Board 

_____________________________      
Christian Schaffalitzky   

________________________      
Noel O’Keeffe   

37 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the period before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Loss/(Profit) from the loss of control of subsidiary 
Loss/(Profit) from the disposal of subsidiary 
Investments acquired not for cash 
Warrants and options issued 
Loss from equity accounted associate 
Exploration and development expenditure on a Joint Operation 
Impairment of financial asset receivable 
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment 
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment 
Cost settled through the issue of shares 

Movement in working capital 
Decrease/(Increase) in debtors 
Increase in creditors 

Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds of issue of share capital 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Net cash proceeds from financing activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Cash advanced to Joint Venture 
Cash received/(forefeited) on disposal of subsidiary 
Cash received on sale of plant and equipment 
Net cash flows investing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash 
Cash at beginning of period 
Exchange movement 
Cash at end of the period 
Continuing operations 
Assets classified as held for sale 

GROUP 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2019 
Audited 
£ 

Notes 

(6,417,237) 

(3,903,116) 

-
102,414 
-
697,006 
332 
1,122,676 
640,821 
5,686 
(53,574) 
436,076 
(3,465,800) 

(320,349)
(270,639)
(37,661)
1,041,235
- 
- 
- 
20,596 
- 
721,555 
(2,748,379) 

108,872 
982,244 
1,091,116 
(2,374,684) 

(402,661) 
758,545 
355,884 
(2,392,495) 

2,277,000 
1,370,000 
3,647,000 

981,708 
952,465 
1,934,173 

(1,122,676) 
76,716 
58,628 
(987,332) 

284,984 
91,634 
(119,858) 
256,760 
256,305 
-

- 
(8,329) 
- 
(8,329) 

(466,651) 
654,158 
(88,907) 
98,600 
91,634 
6,966

12 

9 

15 
23 

16 

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

38 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Profit/(Loss)for the period before taxation 
Adjusted for: 
Inter-company sales capitalised 
Reversal of impairment loss 
Share based payments 
Expenses settled in shares 

Movement in working capital 
Decrease / (Increase) in debtors 
(Decrease)/ Increase in creditors 

Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Proceeds of issue of share capital 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Net cash proceeds from financing activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Cash advances to Group Companies 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash 
Cash at beginning of period 
Cash at end of the period 

COMPANY 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2019 
Audited 
£ 

Notes 

689,870 

(1,832,539) 

(174,000) 
(1,586,957) 
200,562 
198,000 
(672,525) 

322,382 
(46,851) 
275,531 
(396,994) 

- 
- 
977,575 
211,788 
(633,175) 

(27,690) 
170,655 
142,965 
(490,210) 

    940,000 
590,000 
1,530,000 

981,708 
544,955 
1,526,663 

(1,022,607) 
(1,022,607) 

(1,044,038) 
(1,044,038) 

110,399 
31,389 
141,788 

(7,585) 
38,974 
31,389 

15 
23 

18 
24 

25 

16 

The accompanying notes on pages 50-80 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

39 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

General Information 

Kibo Energy PLC (“the Company”) is a Company incorporated in Ireland. The Group financial statements consolidate 
those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). 

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries are related to the exploration for and development of 
multi-asset energy projects in Sub Saharan Africa, and the United Kingdom. 

The  individual  financial  statements  of  the  Company  (“Company  financial  statements”)  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance with the Companies Act 2014 which permits a Company that publishes its Company and Group financial 
statements together, to take advantage of the exemption in Section 293 of the Companies Act 2014, from presenting 
to its members its Company Income Statement and related notes that form part of the approved Company financial 
statements. 

Statement of Compliance 

As  permitted  by  the  European  Union,  the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and their interpretations issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by the EU (IFRS).  

The  IFRS  adopted  by  the  EU  as  applied  by  the  Company  and  the  Group  in  the  preparation  of  these  financial 
statements are those that were effective at 31 December 2020. 

Statement of Accounting Policies 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated 
financial statements in the current financial period. 

Basis of Preparation 

The Group and Company financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis. The accounting policies have 
been  applied  consistently  by  Group  entities,  except  for  the  adoption  of  new  standards  and  interpretations  which 
became effective in the current year. The Group and Company financial statements have been prepared on a going 
concern basis as explained in the notes to the financial statements. 

The individual financial information of each Group entity is measured and presented in the currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). The consolidated financial information 
of  the  Group  is  presented  in  Pounds  Sterling,  which  is  the  presentation  currency  for  the  Group.  The  functional 
currency of each of the Group entities is the local currency of each individual entity. 

Going Concern 

The Company and Group’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the sourcing of additional funding 
by the directors for the foreseeable future. The future of the Company and the Group is dependent on the successful 
future outcome of its short- and medium-term ability to raise new equity funding and the successful development of 
its energy development assets and of the availability of further funding to  bring these interests to  production.  All 
these  dependencies  are  subject  to  material  uncertainty  but  in  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors 
consider  that  they  have  taken  into  account  all  information  that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  be  available. 
Consequently,  they  consider  that  it  is  appropriate  to  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis. 

The directors are following an active approach to continuously reduce administrative costs in order to alleviate the 
pressure on cash flow, most notably the 40% reduction in the remuneration of directors and management that were 
implemented effective June 2020. 

The directors have reviewed budgets, projected cash flows and other relevant information, and on the basis of this 
review,  are  confident  that  the  Company  and  the  Group  will  have  adequate  financial  resources  to  continue  in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future.  

40 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Use of Estimates and Judgements 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  EU  IFRS  requires  management  to  make  judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses. 

The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  various  other  factors  that  are 
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about 
carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. 

In  particular,  there  are  significant  areas  of  estimation,  uncertainty  and  critical  judgements  in  applying  accounting 
policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements. 

The following key areas of estimation uncertainty exist: 
•
•

Valuation of mining licence and intangible assets; and
Valuation of investment in associate.

The following key areas of judgement exist: 
•
•
•
•
•

Recognition and measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditure;
Share based payment transactions;
Fair value determination of unlisted investments measured at fair value through profit or loss; and
Consolidation of Joint Venture interest;
Consolidation of Associate interest.

Valuation of mining licence and intangible assets– significant estimate concerning valuation 
The  Group  holds  a  number  of  mining  rights  and  intangible  assets.  These  assets  are  considered  unique  and  a  fair 
market  price  is  not  easily  obtainable.  In  instances  where  these  assets  were  acquired  by  means  of  shares  issued, 
management  has  applied  the  provisions  of  IFRS  2  to  value  the  assets  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  instruments 
granted. 

Valuation of investment in associate– significant estimate concerning valuation 
Following  the  disposal  of  the  controlling  interest  held  in  Mabesekwa  Coal  during  the  prior  financial  period,  the 
remaining interest in the Mabesekwa Coal indicated the existence of significant influence, thus the remaining equity 
investment  is  recognised  as  an  investment  in  associate.  The  principal  asset  held  by  Mabesekwa  Coal  comprises  a 
pending  mining  licence  for  a  prospective  coal  asset  and  coal  resources  where  previous  work  had  identified  an 
indicative resource. The asset is considered to be unique and a fair market price is not easily obtainable. The overall 
value of the investment in associate, however, was separately reviewed by the independent directors, as announced 
to the market on various occasions.  

Exploration and evaluation expenditure – significant judgement concerning the choice of accounting policy 
In line with the Group’s accounting policy, all the exploration and evaluation expenditure has been charged to profit 
or  loss,  as  in  the  judgement  of  the  Directors  the  commercial  viability  of  the  mineral  deposits  had  not  been 
established.  If  a  policy  of  capitalisation  of  exploration  expenditure  had  been  adopted  an  amount  of  £2,052,202 
would have been capitalised in the current year (2019: £897,039). 

Share- based payments – significant judgment concerning the method of valuation and key inputs applied 
In  order  to  calculate  the  charge  for  share-based  payments  as  required  by  IFRS  2,  the  Group  makes  estimates 
principally relating to the assumptions used in its option-pricing model. Refer to Note 20 for details on valuation of 
share-based payments, including options granted and warrants granted. 

Fair value determination of unlisted investments measured at fair value through  profit or loss 
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market has been determined using the value 
of the underlying projects to which those investments relate. The carrying value of the unlisted investment has been 
reviewed for impairment based on the values of the projects carried in the sub-subsidiary value of the underlying 
projects to which those investments relate. 

41 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Consolidation of Joint Venture interest 
In the 2018 year Kibo entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (“JV”) acquiring a 65% equity interest in the Benga 
Power  Plant  Project  (“BPPP”).  Although  the  agreement  refers  to  the  existence  of  a  65%  equity  stake,  and  Kibo’s 
ability to appoint three of five management committee members, all decisions presented in front of the management 
committee requires absolute agreement by all committee members before it stands, failing which it would result in a 
decision  to  be  made  between  the  two  respective  CEO’s  of  the  participating  entities  in  the  JV.  Furthermore,  the 
participating interest only allows to partake in the net revenue of the JV. 

Consolidation of Associate interest 
In the current year Kibo’s effective equity interest in Katoro Gold Plc (“Katoro”) decreased to 25.37%. Following the 
decrease in the direct equity interest held by Kibo in Katoro, the Group reassessed whether or not it continues to 
exercise sufficient power over Katoro to control the Company. Kibo, through its representatives (Directors & Senior 
Management)  on  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Katoro,  continues  to  exercise  de-facto  control  over  the  operational 
activities of Katoro, as it has the ability to use its power to affect its returns from Katoro. On that basis the directors 
consider it appropriate to fully consolidate the results of Katoro Gold plc Group in 2020.   

Consolidation 

The  consolidated  annual  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  Kibo  Energy  PLC  and  its 
subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2020, over which the Company has control. 

Control is achieved when the Company: 
has the power over the investee;
•
is exposed, or has rights, to variable return from its involvement with the investee; and
•
has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.
•

The  Company  reassesses  whether  or  not  it  controls  an  investee  if  facts  and  circumstance  indicate  that  there  are 
changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. 

De-facto control exists in situations where the Company has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of 
the investee without holding the majority of the voting rights. 

In  determining  whether  de-facto  control  exists  the  Company  considers  all  relevant  facts  and  circumstances, 
including: 
•

The size of the Company’s voting rights relative to both the size and dispersion of other parties who hold voting
rights;
Substantive potential voting rights held by the company and by other parties;
Other contractual arrangements; and

•
•
• Historic patterns in voting attendance.

In  assessing  control,  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  or  convertible  are  taken  into  account. 
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.  

Accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the  policies 
adopted by the Group. 

Intragroup balances and any unrealised gains or losses or income or expenses arising from intragroup transactions 
are  eliminated  in  preparing  the  Group  financial  statements,  except  to  the  extent  they  provide  evidence  of 
impairment. 

The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of the business 
combination  is  measured  as  the  aggregate  of  the  fair  values  of  assets  given,  liabilities  incurred  or  assumed  and 
equity instruments issued. Costs directly attributable to the business combination are expensed as incurred, except 
the  costs  to  issue  debt  which  are  amortised  as  part  of  the  effective  interest  and  costs  to  issue  equity  which  are 
included in equity. 

The acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities which meet the recognition conditions of IFRS 
3 Business Combinations are recognised at their fair values at acquisition date. 

42 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Contingent  liabilities  are  only  included  in  the  identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  acquiree  where  there  is  a 
present obligation at acquisition date. 

Non-controlling interest arising from a business combination is measured either at their share of the fair value of 
the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  acquiree  or  at  fair  value.  The  treatment  is  not  an  accounting  policy  choice  but  is 
selected for each individual business combination, and disclosed in the note for business combinations. 

Changes  in  the  Group’s  interest  in  subsidiaries  that  do  not  result  in  a  loss  of  control  are  accounted  for  as  equity 
transactions. 

Upon the loss of control, the Company derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling 
interests and the other components  of equity  related to the subsidiary. Any  resulting gain  or loss is recognised in 
profit or loss. If the Company retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, such interest is measured at fair value 
at the date that control is lost. 

Any gain from the acquisition of a subsidiary or gain/loss from the disposal of subsidiary will be recognised through 
profit and loss in the current financial period. 

Business combinations involving entities under common control 

Business  combinations  involving  entities  under  common  control  comprise  business  combinations  where  both 
entities  remain  under  the  ultimate  control  of  the  holding  company  before  and  after  the  combination,  and  that 
control is not transitory. The group applies merger accounting for all its common control transactions from the date 
that it obtains control. In terms of this: 
•
•
•

the assets and liabilities of the acquiree are recorded at their existing carrying amounts (not fair value);
if necessary, adjustments are made to achieve uniform accounting policies;
intangible assets and contingent liabilities are recognised only to the extent that they were recognised  by the
acquiree in accordance with applicable IFRS;
no goodwill is recognised. Any difference between the acquirer’s cost of investment and the acquiree’s equity is
presented separately directly in equity as a common control reserve (CCR) on consolidation;
any non-controlling interest is measured as a proportionate share of the carrying amounts of the related assets
and liabilities (as adjusted to achieve uniform accounting policies); and
any expenses of the combination are written off immediately in profit or loss, except for the costs to issue debt
which  are  amortised  as  part  of  the  effective  interest  and  costs  to  issue  equity  which  are  recognised  within
equity.

•

•

•

When control is lost, resulting in the common control of entities, the  balance of CCR recognised in respect of that 
acquisition is realised directly to retained earnings on the effective date when control is lost. 

Intangible Assets 

An  intangible  asset  is  regarded  as  having  an  indefinite  useful  life  when,  based  on  all  relevant  factors,  there  is  no 
foreseeable  limit  to  the  period  over  which  the  asset  is  expected  to  generate  net  cash  inflows.  Amortisation  is  not 
provided  for  these  intangible  assets  but  they  are  tested  for  impairment  annually  or  more  frequently  if  events  or 
changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  value  may  be  impaired,  and  it  is  subsequently  carried  at  cost 
less accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets comprise the acquisition of rights to explore in relation to the 
Group’s exploration and evaluation activities. Intangible assets comprise fair value allocated to exploration projects 
purchased through business combination for which no useful life has been accurately determined.  

Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Group also tests intangible assets not yet available 
for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its  recoverable amount. This impairment 
test is performed during the annual period and at the same time every period. 

Investments in associates 

Associates are all entities over which the group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a 
shareholding  between  20%  and  50%  of  the  voting  rights.  Investments  in  associates  are  accounted  for  using  the 
equity method of accounting. 

43 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Under  the  equity  method,  the  investment  is  initially  recognised  at  cost,  and  the  carrying  amount  is  increased  or 
decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. 

If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share 
of  the  amounts  previously  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  is  reclassified  to  profit  or  loss  where 
appropriate. 

The group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, and its share of 
post-acquisition  movements  in  other  comprehensive  income  is  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  with  a 
corresponding  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amount  of  the  investment.  When  the  group’s  share  of  losses  in  an 
associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the group does 
not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of 
the associate. 

The  group  determines  at  each  reporting  date  whether  there  is  any  objective  evidence  that  the  investment  in  the 
associate  is  impaired.  If  this  is  the  case,  the  group  calculates  the  amount  of  the  impairment  as  the  difference 
between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to share 
of profit/(loss) of associates in the statement of comprehensive income. 

Exploration & Evaluation Assets 

Exploration  and  evaluation  activity  involves  the  search  for  mineral  resources,  the  determination  of  technical 
feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. Exploration and evaluation activity 
includes: 
•
•
•
•
•
•

researching and analysing historical exploration data;
gathering exploration data through topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies;
exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling;
determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource;
surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements; and
conducting market and finance studies.

Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  is  charged  to  the  Statement  of  Profit  or  Loss  as  incurred  except  in  the 
following circumstances, in which case the expenditure may be capitalised:  

In respect of minerals activities: 

-

-

the  exploration  and  evaluation  activity  is  within  an  area  of  interest  which  was  previously  acquired  as  an
asset acquisition or in a business combination and measured at fair value on acquisition; or
the existence of a commercially viable mineral deposit has been established.

Capitalised  exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  considered  to  be  tangible  is  recorded  as  a  component  of 
property, plant and equipment at cost less impairment charges. Otherwise, it is recorded as an intangible. 

Intangible  assets  all  relate  to  exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  which  are  carried  at  cost  with  an  indefinite 
useful life and therefore are reviewed for impairment annually and when there are indicators of impairment. Where 
a potential impairment is indicated, assessment is performed for each area of interest in conjunction with the group 
of operating assets (representing a cash generating unit) to which the exploration is attributed. Exploration areas at 
which  reserves  have  been  discovered  but  require  major  capital  expenditure  before  production  can  begin,  are 
continually evaluated to ensure that commercial quantities of reserves exist or to ensure that additional exploration 
work is under way or planned.  

Impairment 

Non-financial assets 
Assets are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the 
asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. 

44 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of 
assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows 
(cash generating units). 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the 
carrying  amount  of  the  asset  (cash-generating  unit)  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss immediately.  

Property, Plant and Equipment  

Property, Plant and Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. 

Cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the  items  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment. The cost of self-constructed items of property, plant and equipment includes the cost of materials and 
direct  labour,  any  other  costs  directly  attributable  to  bringing  the  items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  to  a 
working condition for its intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site 
on which they are located. 

When  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  they  are  accounted  for  as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less residual value of each asset over its expected 
useful life, as follows:  

Office equipment between 12.5% to 37.5% straight line;
Plant & machinery at 20% straight line;
Furniture & fixtures at 12.5% straight line;

-
-
-
- Motor vehicles at 25% straight line;
-
-

Right of Use assets straight line over the lease term; and
I.T. Equipment at 20% straight line

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. Useful lives are affected 
by  technology  innovations,  maintenance  programmes  and  future  economic  benefits.  Residual  value  assessments 
consider issues such as future market conditions, the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values.  

On disposal of property, plant and equipment the cost and the related accumulated depreciation and impairments 
are  removed  from  the  financial  statements  and  the  net  amount,  less  any  proceeds,  is  taken  to  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income. 

Right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liability 
For any new contracts entered into the Group considers whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A lease is defined 
as ‘a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time 
in  exchange  for  consideration’.  To  apply  this  definition  the  Group  assesses  whether  the  contract  meets  three  key 
evaluations which are whether:  

•

•

•

the  contract  contains  an  identified  asset,  which  is  either  explicitly  identified  in  the  contract  or  implicitly
specified by being identified at the time the asset is made available to the Group.
the Group has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset
throughout the period of use, considering its rights within the defined scope of the contract
the  Group  has  the  right  to  direct  the  use  of  the  identified  asset  throughout  the  period  of  use.  The  Group
assess whether it has the right to direct ‘how and for what purpose’ the asset is used throughout the period
of use

At  lease  commencement  date,  the  group  recognises  a  right-of-use  asset  and  a  lease  liability  on  the  statement  of 
financial  position.  The  right-of-use  asset  is  measured  at  cost,  which  is  made  up  of  the  initial  measurement  of  the 
lease liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the group, and any lease payments made in advance of the lease 
commencement  date.  The  group  depreciates  the  right-of-use  assets  on  a  straight-line  basis  from  the  lease 
commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. 
The  group  also  assesses  the  right-of-use  asset  for  impairment  when  such  indicators  exist.  At  the  commencement 

45 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

date,  the  group  measures  the  lease  liability  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  unpaid  at  that  date, 
discounted  using  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the  lease  if  that  rate  is  readily  available  or  the  group’s  incremental 
borrowing rate. In determining the present value of the lease liability the group has used its incremental borrowing 
rate of prime as the rate implicit in the lease was not readily available. Lease payments included in the measurement 
of the lease liability are made up of fixed payments (including in substance fixed), variable payments based on an 
index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and payments arising from options 
reasonably certain to be exercised. 

Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability will be reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is 
remeasured  to  reflect  any  reassessment  or  modification,  or  if  there  are  changes  in  in-substance  fixed  payments. 
When the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit 
and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero. 

The group has elected to account for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets using the practical expedients. 
Instead of recognising a right-of-use asset and lease liability, the payments in relation to these are recognised as an 
expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

On the statement of financial position, right-of-use assets have been included in property, plant and equipment and 
lease liabilities have been included in trade payables. 

Income Tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the Income Statement 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.  

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively 
enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred  tax  is  recognised  using  the  balance  sheet  method,  providing  for  temporary  differences  between  the 
carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  taxation 
purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, 
the  initial  recognition  of  assets  or  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination  and  that  affects 
neither accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they 
probably will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be 
applied to the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted by the reporting date. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against 
which temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced 
to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

Employee benefits 

Defined contribution plans 
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a 
separate  entity  and  will  have  no  legal  or  constructive  obligation  to  pay  further  amounts.  Obligations  for 
contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss 
in the periods during which related services are rendered by employees. Pre-paid contributions are recognised as 
an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined 
contribution plan that are made more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the 
service are discounted to their present value. 

Short-term benefits 
Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured  on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as  the related 
service is provided. 

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonuses or profit-sharing plans if 
the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by 
the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

46 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Foreign Currencies 

Functional and presentation currency 
Items  included  in  the  financial  statements  of  each  of  the  Group’s  entities  are  measured  using  the  currency  of  the 
primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (“the  functional  currency”).  The  consolidated  annual 
financial statements are presented in Sterling, which is the Group’s presentation currency. This is also the functional 
currency of the Company and is considered by the Board also to be appropriate for the purposes of preparing the 
Group financial statements.  

Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the 
dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and 
from  the  translation  at  period  end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.  

Group companies 
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none  of  which has  the currency  of a hyperinflationary 
economy)  that  have  a  functional  currency  different  from  the  presentation  currency  are  translated  into  the 
presentation currency as follows:  

•

• monetary  assets  and  liabilities  for  each  Statement  of  Financial  Position  presented  are  presented  at  the
closing  rate  at  the  date  of  that  Statement  of  Financial  Position.  Non-monetary  items  are  measured  at  the
exchange  rate  in  effect  at  the  historical  transaction  date  and  are  not  translated  at  each  Statement  of
Financial Position date;
income and expenses for each Statement of Profit or Loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless
this  average  is  not  a  reasonable  approximation  of  the  cumulative  effect  of  the  rates  prevailing  on  the
transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transaction): and
all  resulting  exchange  differences  are  recognised  as  a  separate  component  of  equity.  On  consolidation,
exchange differences arising from the translation of monetary items receivable from foreign subsidiaries for
which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to shareholders
equity. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit
or Loss as part of the gain or loss on sale.

•

Finance income and expense 

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested, dividend income, gains on the disposal of available-
for-sale financial assets, and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Interest 
income  is  recognised  as  it  accrues  in  profit  or  loss,  using  the  effective  interest  method.  Dividend  income  is 
recognised in profit or loss on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established, which in the case of 
listed securities is the ex-dividend date. 
Finance  expenses  comprise  interest  expense  on  borrowings,  unwinding  of  discount  on  provisions,  changes  in  the 
fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, impairment losses recognised on financial assets and 
losses  on  forward  exchange  contracts  that  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss.  All  borrowing  costs  are  recognised  in 
profit or loss using the effective interest method. 
Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.  

Earnings per Share 

The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated 
by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number 
of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  the  period.  Diluted  EPS  is  determined  by  adjusting  the  profit  or  loss 
attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  and  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  for  the 
effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.  

Financial Instruments 

Recognition 
Financial instruments comprise loans receivable, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, trade and 
other payables, other financial liabilities and bank overdrafts. 

47 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised  in  the  Group’s  statement  of  financial  position  when  the  Group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.  

Classification 
The  Group  classifies  financial  assets  on  initial  recognition  as  measured  at  amortised  cost  as  the  Group’s  business 
model and objective is to hold the financial asset in order to collect the contractual cash flow and the contractual 
terms allows for cash flows on specified dates for the payment of the principal amounts outstanding. 

Financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost. 

Financial assets 
Loans to Group Companies 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Loans from Group Companies 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Bank overdraft 

Classification 
Financial assets at amortised cost 
Financial assets at amortised cost 
Financial assets at amortised cost 

Classification 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Financial assets are classified as current if expected to be realised or settled within 12 months from the reporting 
date; if not, they are classified as non-current. Financial liabilities are classified as non-current if the Group has an 
unconditional right to defer payment for more than 12 months from the reporting date.  

Measurement on Initial recognition 
All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value, including transaction costs. 

Subsequent measurement 
Financial  assets  held  at  amortised  cost  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method, less any impairment losses.  

Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  and  impairments  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss.  Any  gain  or  loss  on  de-
recognition is recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

De-recognition 
Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been 
transferred and the group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. 

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligations specified in the contracts are discharged, cancelled or 
expire.  
On de-recognition of a financial asset/liability, any difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the 
consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. 

Impairment of Financial Assets not carried at Fair value 
Under IFRS 9 the Group calculates its allowance for credit losses as expected credit losses (ECLs) for financial assets 
measured at amortised cost. ECLs are a probability weighted estimate of credit losses. 

To calculate ECLs the Group groups trade receivables and loans to Group companies by customer type and ageing. 
The Group applies the standard ECL approach to determine the ECL for trade receivables loans to Group companies. 
This results in calculating lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables and loans to Group companies.  

48 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Share based payments 

For such grants of share options qualifying as equity-settled share based payments, the fair value as at the date of 
grant is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon 
which the options were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of 
share options that are likely to vest, except where forfeiture is only due to market based conditions not achieving 
the threshold for vesting.  

Share capital 

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised directly in equity. 

Segment reporting 

The Group determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is internally provided to the 
Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker. A segment is a distinguishable component of the 
Group that is engaged either in providing related products or services (business segment), or in providing products 
or services within a particular economic environment (geographical segment), which is subject to risks and returns 
that are different from those of the other segments. The Group’s primary format for segment reporting is based on 
business segments. The business segments are determined based on the reporting business units.  

49 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 

Standards issued but not yet effective: 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations relevant to the 
Group and  which have  not  been applied  in these financial statements, were in issue but  were  not yet effective. In 
some cases these standards and guidance have not been endorsed for use in the European Union. 

Standard 

Effective date, 
annual period 
beginning on or 
after 

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements 

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Noncurrent: Narrow-scope amendments to IAS 1 to 
clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current. 

1 January 2023 

Disclosure  of  Accounting  Policies:  The  amendments  require  companies  to  disclose  their 
material accounting policy information rather than their significant accounting policies, with 
additional  guidance  added  to  the  Standard  to  explain  how  an  entity  can  identify  material 
accounting policy information with examples of when accounting policy information is likely 
to be material. 

1 January 2023 

IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors 

Definition  of  Accounting  Estimates:  The  amendments  clarify  how  companies  should 
distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates, by replacing 
the  definition  of  a  change  in  accounting  estimates  with  a  new  definition  of  accounting 
estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial 
statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. The requirements for recognising 
the effect of change in accounting prospectively remain unchanged. 

1 January 2023 

IAS 37 Onerous Contracts — Cost of Fulfilling a Contract 

1 January 2022 

The  amendments  specify  that  the  ‘cost  of  fulfilling’  a  contract  comprises  the  ‘costs  that  relate 
directly to the contract’. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs 
of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other 
costs  that  relate  directly  to  fulfilling  contracts  (an  example  would  be  the  allocation  of  the 
depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). 

Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020 

1 January 2022 

IFRS  1  –  The  amendment  permits  a  subsidiary  that  applies  paragraph  D16(a)  of  IFRS  1  to 
measure cumulative translation differences using the amounts reported by its parent, based on 
the parent’s date of transition to IFRSs. 

IFRS 9 – The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the ‘10 per cent’ 
test in paragraph B3.3.6 of IFRS 9 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability. An 
entity  includes  only  fees  paid  or  received  between  the  entity  (the  borrower)  and  the  lender, 
including fees paid or received by either the entity or the lender on the other’s behalf 

IFRS 16 – The amendment to Illustrative Example 13 accompanying IFRS 16 removes from the 
example the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements by the lessor in order 
to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might arise 
because of how lease incentives are illustrated in that example. 

50 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The  directors  anticipate  that  the  adoption  of  these  Standards  and  Interpretations  in  future  periods  will  have  no 
material impact on the financial statements of the Group.  

The Group expects to adopt all relevant standards and interpretations as and when they become effective. 

Standards and interpretations which are effective in the current period (Changes in accounting policies): 

None  of  these  standards  which  became  effective  during  the  period  which  are  applicable  to  the  Group,  have  had  a 
material impact. 

51 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1. Segment analysis

IFRS 8 requires an entity to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable segments, which are operating segments or aggregations of operating segments 
that meet specific criteria. Operating segments are components of an entity about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief 
Operating decision maker. The Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating decision maker of the Group.  

Management currently identifies individual projects as  operating segments.  These  operating segments are monitored and strategic decisions are made based upon their 
individual nature, together with other non-financial data collated from exploration activities. Principal activities for these operating segments are as follows: 

2020 Group 

Administrative cost 
Listing  and  Capital  raising 
fees 
Exploration expenditure 
Investment 
income 
Loss after tax 

other 

and 

Mabesekwa 
Independent 
Power 
(10,182) 
- 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 
(39,424) 
- 

Mast Energy 
Project & 
Sloane 
Developme
nt 
(219,821) 
(161,743) 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 
(909,306) 
- 

Haneti 
(13,745) 
- 

Blyvoor 
Joint 
Venture 

(16,053) 
- 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

Corporate 
(2,190,113) 
(865,915,) 

(3,416,321) 
(1,027,658) 

(8,557) 
-

(112,762) 
53,600

(276,000) 
- 

(133,906) 
- 

(59,041) 
2,628 

(1,201,768) 
6,943 

-
15,775 

(2,052,204)
78,946 

Benga 
Power 
(17,677) 
- 

(260,170) 

(277,847) 

(18,739) 

(98,586) 

(657,564) 

(147,651) 

(965,719) 

(1,210,878) 

(3,040,253) 

(6,417,237) 

2019 Group 

Administrative cost 
Listing and Capital raising fees 
Exploration expenditure 
Investment and other income 
Loss after tax 

Benga 
Power 
(88,396) 
- 
(16,252) 
- 
(104,648) 

Mabesekwa 
Independent 
Power 
(37,384) 
- 
(17,393) 
- 
(54,777) 

Mbeya Coal to 
Power 
(272,399) 
- 
(456,205) 
4,179 
(724,424) 

Mast Energy 
Development 
(32,467) 
- 
(306,000) 
9 
(338,458) 

Haneti 
(8,670) 
- 
(46,799) 
-
(55,469) 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 
(228,770) 
- 
(54,390) 
1,649
(281,511) 

Corporate 
(2,683,617) 
(300,297) 
-
640,085 
(2,343,829) 

31 December 
2019 (£) 
Group 
(3,351,702) 
(300,297) 
(897,039)
645,922
(3,903,116) 

52 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

2020 Group 

Assets 
Segment assets 

Liabilities 
Segment liabilities 

Other Significant 
items 
Depreciation 

2019 Group 

Assets 
Segment assets 

Liabilities 
Segment liabilities 

Benga 
Power 

Mabesekwa 
Independent 
Power 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 

Mast Energy 
Development 

Haneti 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 

Blyvoor 
Joint 
Venture 

Corporate 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

27,022 

9,696,351 

15,902,052 

2,895,204 

16,410 

2,543 

17,340 

305,298 

28,862,220 

93,245 

10,297 

152,155 

470,507 

66,731 

21,603 

5,738 

1,483,256 

2,303,532 

141 

-

5,117

- 

- 

- 

427 

5,685 

Benga Power 

Mabesekwa 
Independent 
Power 

Mbeya 
Coal to 
Power 

Mast Energy 
Development 

Haneti 

Lake Victoria 
Gold 

Corporate 

31 
December 
2019 (£) 
Group 

835 

9,697,694 

15,965,122 

3,129,305 

3,938 

23,745 

1,035,616 

29,856,255 

-

- 

35,093

1,459,755 

1,980,579 

- 

- 

20,596 

36,195 

8,940 

206,421 

234,175 

Other Significant items 
Depreciation 

655 

-

19,941

- 

53 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Geographical segments 
The Group operates in six principal geographical areas – Corporate (Ireland, Cyprus, South Africa & United Kingdom) and Mining (Tanzania, and Botswana). 

Carrying value of segmented assets 
Loss after tax 

Tanzania 
21,910 
(180,570) 

Botswana 
9,696,351 
(332)

Cyprus 
76,398 
(3,741,808)

South Africa 

19,744 
(1,196,471) 

Ireland,  United 
Kingdom 
19,047,817 
(1,298,056) 

31 December 2020 
(£) 
28,862,220 
(6,417,237) 

Carrying value of segmented assets 
Loss after tax 

Tanzania 
69,017 
(515,746) 

Botswana 
9,377,323 
(18,220) 

Cyprus 
15,868 
(1,029,079) 

Africa  31 December 2019 (£) 
29,856,255 
(3,903,116) 

20,394,047 
(2,340,071) 

Ireland,  United 
Kingdom, South 

54 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

2. Other Income

Other income 
Profit on sale of subsidiary 
Profit on sale of plant and equipment 

3. Loss on ordinary activities before taxation

Operating loss is stated after the following key transactions: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment of Group financial statements 
Impairment of other financial assets – receivable from Lake Victoria Gold   
Impairment of other financial assets – unlisted investment in Lake Victoria Gold   
Loss on disposal of subsidiary-Reef Miners(Pty) Ltd 
Group auditors’ remuneration for audit of Group and Company financial statements 
Subsidiaries  auditors  remuneration  audit  of  the  financial  statements  of  the 
company’s subsidiaries  

4. Staff costs (including Directors)

31 
December 
2020 (£) 
25,371 
-
53,574 
78,945 

31 
December 
2019 (£) 
54,862 
591,060
- 
645,922 

31 
December 
2020 (£) 
Group 
5,685 
640,821 
37,661 
102,414 
45,000 
158,122 

31 
December 
2019 (£) 
Group 
20,596 
- 
- 
- 
45,000 
140,765 

Wages and salaries  
Share based remuneration 

Group 
31 December 
2020 (£) 
1,028,318 
225,778 
1,254,096 

Group 
31 December  
2019 (£) 
644,903 
405,345 
1,050,248 

Company 
31 December 
2020 (£) 
38,595 
-
38,595 

Company 
31 December  
2019 (£) 
273,632 
202,060
475,692 

The average monthly number of employees (including executive Directors) during the period was as follows: 

Exploration activities 
Administration 

5. Directors’ emoluments

Basic salary and fees 
Share based payments 

Group 
31 December 
2020 (£) 
10 
6 
16 

Group 
31 December  
2019 (£) 
10 
6 
16 

Company 
31 December 
2020 (£) 
1 
1 
2 

Company 
31 December  
2019 (£) 
1 
1 
2 

Group 
31 December 
2020 (£) 
434,823 
-
434,823 

Group 
31 December  
2019 (£) 
323,306 
225,182
548,488 

Company 
31 
December 
2020 (£) 
38,595 
-
38,595 

Company 
31 
December  
2019 (£) 
273,632 
202,060
475,692 

The emoluments of the Chairman were £27,837 (2019: £43,588). 

The emoluments of the highest paid director were £170,190 (2019: £245,291). 

Following from the terms and conditions related to further funding advances from financiers, with effect from June 
2020, the Directors agreed to reduce their salaries by 40%. 
55 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Directors received shares in the value of £Nil during the year (2019: £151,003) in lieu of settlement of salaries not 
settled in cash.  

Share warrants to the value of £Nil (2019: £74,179) were issued to directors during the year. 

Key  management  personnel  consist  only  of  the  Directors.  Details  of  share  options  and  interests  in  the  Company’s 
shares of each director are shown in the Directors’ report.  

The following table summarises the remuneration applicable to each of the individuals who held office as a director 
during the reporting period: 

31 December 2020 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos 
Christiaan Schutte 
Total 

31 December 2019 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos 
Total 

Salary and 
fees 
£ 
27,837 
170,190 
66,085 
78,892 
16,702 
62,168 
12,949 
434,823 

Salary and 
fees 
£ 
17,517 
168,522 
49,674 
57,626 
11,333 
18,634 
323,306 

Salary and 
fees settled 
in shares 
£ 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Salary and 
fees settled 
in shares 
£ 
17,483 
51,480 
15,505 
20,185 
3,667 
42,683 
151,003 

Warrants 
issued 
£ 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Warrants 
issued 
£ 
8,588 
25,289 
7,616 
9,915 
1,801 
20,970 
74,179 

 Total 
£ 
27,837 
170,190 
66,085 
78,892 
16,702 
62,168 
12,949 
434,823 

 Total 
£ 
43,588 
245,291 
72,796 
87,726 
16,801 
82,287 
548,488 

Director salaries and fees accrued as at 31 December 2020 amount to £474,267 (2019: £224,672). 

56 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

6. Taxation

Current tax 

Charge  for  the  period  in  Ireland,  Republic  of  South  Africa,  Cyprus, 
United Kingdom and Republic of Tanzania 
Total tax charge 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
- 

31 December 
2019 (£) 
- 

- 

- 

The difference between the total current tax shown above and the amount calculated by applying the standard rate 
of  corporation tax for various jurisdictions to the loss before tax is as follows: 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 

2020 (£) 
(6,417,237) 

2019 (£) 
(3,903,116) 

Income tax expense calculated at blended rate of 14.9% (2019: 12.5%) 

(956,752) 

(487,890) 

(80,740) 
Income which is not taxable 
- 
Expenses which are not deductible 
568,630 
Losses available for carry forward 
Income tax expense recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss 
-
The effective tax rate used for the December 2020 and December 2019 reconciliations above is the corporate rate of 
14.9% and 12.5% payable by corporate entities  on taxable profits under tax law in that jurisdiction respectively. 

(1,515,818) 
2,919,587 
(447,017) 
- 

No provision has been made for the 2020 deferred taxation as no taxable income has been received to date, and the 
probability  of  future  taxable  income  is  indicative  of  current  market  conditions  which  remain  uncertain.  At  the 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  date,  the  Directors  estimate  that  the  Group  has  unused  tax  losses  of  £35,320,553 
(2019:  £28,903,316)  available  for  potential  offset  against  future  profits  which  equates  to  an  estimated  potential 
deferred  tax  asset  of  £4,569,667  (2019:  £3,612,915).  No  deferred  tax  asset  has  been  recognised  due  to  the 
unpredictability  of  the  future  profit  streams.  Losses  may  be  carried  forward  indefinitely  in  accordance  with  the 
applicable taxation regulations ruling within each of the above jurisdictions. 

7. Profit/(Loss) of parent Company

As permitted by Section 293 of the Companies Act 2014, the Statement of Profit or Loss of the parent Company has 
not been separately disclosed in these financial statements. The parent Company’s profit for the financial period was 
£689,870 (2019:  Loss of £1,832,539). 

8. Loss per share

Basic loss per share 
The  basic  loss  and  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  used  for  calculation  purposes  comprise  the 
following: 

Basic Loss per share 

Loss  for  the  period  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the 
parent 

Weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  for  the 
purposes of basic loss per share 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
(4,726,286) 

31 December 
2019 (£) 
(3,500,004) 

1,546,853,959 

849,795,672 

Basic loss per ordinary share (GBP) 

(0.003) 

(0.004) 

As there are no instruments in issue which have a dilutive impact, the dilutive loss per share is equal to the basic 
loss per share, and thus not disclosed separately. 

57 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

9. Property, plant and equipment

GROUP 

Cost 
Opening Cost as at 1 January 2019 

Disposals 
Additions  
Exchange movements 

Furniture and 
Fittings 
(£) 

Motor Vehicles 

(£) 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T Equipment 

(£) 

Plant &
Machinery 
(£) 

Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

122,983 

106,775 

40,945 

30,516 

8,821 

11,011 

Total 

(£) 
321,051 

(112,286) 
- 
(8,162) 

(82,615) 
- 
924 

(34,255) 
- 
(1,619) 

(24,514) 
- 
(1,005) 

- 
-
2,441 

- 
56,930
-

(253,669) 
56,930 
(7,422)

Closing Cost as at 31 December 2019 

2,535 

25,084 

5,071 

4,997 

11,262 

67,941 

116,890 

Opening cost at 1 January 2020 
Disposals  
Additions 
Exchange movements 

2,535 
-
-
(99)

25,084 
(7,972)
-
(981)

5,071 
- 
- 
(101)

4,997 
- 
- 
(8)

11,262 
- 
- 
(2,661) 

Closing Cost as at 31 December 2020 

2,436 

16,131 

4,970 

4,989 

8,601 

67,941 
(67,941) 

Accumulated Depreciation (“Acc Depr”) 
Acc Depr as at 1 January 2019 

Disposals 
Depreciation 
Exchange Movements 

Acc Depr as at 31 December 2019 

Disposals 
Depreciation 
Exchange movements 
Acc Depr as at 31 December 2020 

 Furniture and 
Fittings 
(£) 
122,187 

Motor Vehicles 

(£) 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T Equipment 

(£) 

Plant &
Machinery 
(£) 

Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

94,092 

37,518 

27,182 

8,821 

(111,482) 
99 
(8,269) 

(82,615) 
5,553 
1,172 

(31,851) 
1,119 
(2,395) 

(22,552) 
605 
(1,880) 

(116)
481 
2,077 

-
12,739
-

2,535 

-
-
(99)
2,436 

18,202 

4,392 

3,355 

11,263 

12,739 

52,486 

141 
(135)
4,398 

- 
427 
507
4,289 

- 
- 
(2,662) 
8,601 

(12,739) 
- 
-
-

(19,345) 
5,685 
(3,817)
35,009

(6,606)
5,117
(1,428)
15,285 

58 

-

-

-

116,890 
(75,913) 
- 
(3,850)

37,127

Total 

(£) 
289,800

(248,615)
20,596 
(9,295)

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T Equipment 

679 
572 

(£) 

1,642 
700 

Plant &
Machinery 
(£) 

Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

Total 

(£) 

-
- 

55,202
- 

64,405 
2,118 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Carrying Value 
Carrying value as at 31 December 2019 
Carrying value as at 31 December 2020 

 Furniture and 
Fittings 
(£) 

-
-

Motor Vehicles 

(£) 

6,882
846

59 

  
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

10.

Intangible assets

Intangible  assets  consist  of  separately  identifiable  prospecting  and  exploration  assets  or  intellectual  property 
(Bordersley  Power)  acquired  either  through  business  combinations  or  through  separate  asset  acquisitions.  These 
intangible  assets  are  recognised  at  the  respective  fair  values  of  the  underlying  asset  acquired,  or  where  the  fair 
value of the underlying asset acquired is not readily available, the fair value of the consideration. 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of intangible assets as at period end: 

  the  Mabesekwa  Coal 

Valuation as at 1 January 2019 
Disposals  of 
Project 
Acquisition of Bordersley Power Ltd 
Assets classified as held for sale 
Carrying value as at 1 January 2020 
Impairments 
Carrying  value  as  at  31  December 
2020 

Mabesekwa 
Coal to 
Power 
Project (£) 
9,376,312 
(9,376,312) 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 
Project (£) 

Lake 
Victoria 
Project (£) 

Bordersely 
Power (£) 

Total (£) 

15,896,105 
- 

787,108 
- 

- 26,059,525
(9,376,312) 
- 

- 
- 
-
-
-

- 
- 
15,896,105
-
15,896,105

- 
(787,108) 
-
- 
-

2,595,000 

2,595,000 
(787,108) 
2,595,000  18,491,105
-
2,595,000  18,491,105

- 

Intangible assets are not amortised, due to the indefinite useful life which is attached to the underlying prospecting 
rights  and/  or  intellectual  property  acquired,  until  such  time  that  active  mining  operations/  power  generation 
commence, which will result in the intangible asset being amortised over the useful life of the relevant project. 

Intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  useful  life  are  assessed  for  impairment  on  an  annual  basis,  against  the 
prospective  fair  value  of  the  intangible  asset.  The  valuation  of  intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  useful  life  is 
reassessed on an annual basis through valuation techniques applicable to the nature of the intangible assets.  

One  or  more  of  the  following  facts  or  circumstances  indicate  that  an  entity  should  test  an  intangible  asset  for 
impairment: 

•

•
•

•

the period for which the entity has the right to explore or develop the asset has expired during the period or
will expire in the foreseeable future;
substantial expenditure on the asset in future is neither planned nor budgeted;
exploration  for  and  evaluation  of  mineral  resources  in  the  specific  area  have  not  led  to  the  discovery  of
commercially  viable  quantities  of  mineral  resources  and  the  entity  has  decided  to  discontinue  such
activities in the specific area; and
sufficient  data  exist  to  indicate  that,  although  a  development  in  the  specific  area  is  likely  to  proceed,  the
carrying amount of the development asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or
by sale.

In assessing whether a write-down is required in the carrying value of a potentially impaired intangible asset, the 
asset’s carrying value is compared with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s 
fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  The  valuation  techniques  applicable  to  the  valuation  of  the 
abovementioned intangible assets comprise a combination of fair market values, discounted cash flow projections 
and historic transaction prices. 

The following key assumptions influence the measurement of the intangible assets’ recoverable amounts, through 
utilising the value in use calculation performed:  

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

currency fluctuations and exchange movements applicable to model;
commodity prices related to ore reserve and forward looking statements;
expected growth rates in respect of production capacity;
cost of capital related to funding requirements;
applicable discounts rates, inflation and taxation implications;
future operating expenditure for extraction and mining of measured mineral resources; and
co-operation of key project partners going forward.
60 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Through  review  of  the  project  specific  financial,  operational,  market  and  economic  indicators  applicable  to  the 
above intangible assets, as well as consideration of the various elements which contribute toward the indication of 
impairment  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets,  it  was  concluded  no  impairment  was  necessary  in  the  2020 
financial period. A summary of the assessment performed for each of the intangible assets are detailed below.  

Mbeya Coal to Power Project 
The  Mbeya Coal to Power Project situated in the Mbeya region of Tanzania, which comprises the Mbeya Coal Mine, a 
potential 1.5Mt p/a mining operation, and the Mbeya Power Plant, a planned 300MW mine-mouth thermal power 
station. The Mbeya Coal Mine has a defined 120.8 Mt NI 43-101 thermal coal resource. 

A  Definitive  Feasibility  Study  has  been  conducted  on  the  project  which  underpinned  its  value  and  confirmed  an 
initial rate of return of 69.2%. The 300MW mouth-of-mine thermal power station has long term scalability with the 
potential  to  become  a  1000MW  plant.  The  completed  full  Power  Feasibility  Study  highlighted  an  annual  power 
output target of 1.8GW based on annual average coal consumption of 1.5Mt. 

An Integrated Bankable Feasibility Study report for the entire project indicated total potential revenues of US$ 7.5-
8.5  billion  over  an  initial  25-year  mine  life,  post-tax  equity  IRR  between  21-22%,  debt  pay-back  period  of  11-12 
years and a construction period of 36 months. 

Subsequent to the completion of a compulsory tender process through TANESCO on the development of the Mbeya 
Coal to Power Project, the Group was informed that its bid to secure a Power-Purchase Agreement was unsuccessful 
in February 2019. 

Further engagement  with TANESCO has subsequently culminated in  the receipt of  a formal notice from TANESCO 
inviting  the  Group  it  to  develop  the  Mbeya  Coal  to  Power  Project  for  the  export  market  and  thereby  enabling  the 
Company to engage with the African Power Pools regarding potential off-take agreements. 

As  at  year  end,  taking  into  account  the  various  aspects  listed  above,  the  Group  concluded  that  none  of  the 
impairment indicators had been met in relation to the Mbeya Coal assets.  

Lake Victoria Project 
The  Group  entered  into  an  agreement  during  August  2019  with  Lake  Victoria  Gold  Limited  (“LVG”)  covering  the 
proposed disposal of 100% of the equity interest held by Katoro in its wholly owned subsidiary, Reef Miners Limited 
(“Reef”), which owns the Imweru gold project and the Lubando gold project in northern Tanzania. 

As  at  year  end,  the  conditions  precedent  relating  to  the  disposal  had  been  met,  and  the  disposal  has  thus  been 
completed. (refer to Note 17). 

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project 
On 3 April 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of an 85% interest in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power 
Project, located in Botswana. This acquisition was in line with the Group’s strategy of positioning itself as a strategic 
regional electricity supplier in Southern Africa and creates many synergies with the MCPP in Tanzania. 

As  a  result  of  the  acquisition,  153,710,030  ordinary  shares  in  Kibo  were  issued  to  Sechaba  Natural  Resources 
Limited 
(“Sechaba”).  Sechaba  retained  a  15%  interest  in  the  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project.  The  intangible 
asset was recognised at the fair value of the consideration  paid,  which emanates from the  fair value of the equity 
instruments issued as at transaction date, being £9,376,312. 

The  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  (“MCIPP”)  is  located  approximately  40km  east  of  the  village  of 
Tonata  and  approximately  50km  southeast  of  Francistown,  Botswana’s  second  largest  city.  Certain  aspects  of  the 
Project have been advanced previously by Sechaba Natural Resources Limited (“Sechaba”), including water and land 
use permits and environmental certification. Mabesekwa consists of a 300Mt subset of the current insitu 777Mt Coal 
Resource. 

A pre-feasibility study on a coal mine and a scoping study on a coal fired thermal power plant has been completed. 
Kibo  is  in  possession  of  a  Competent  Persons  Report  on  the  project,  which  includes  a  SAMREC-compliant  Maiden 
Resource Statement on the excised 300 Mt portion of the Mabesekwa coal deposit. 

61 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

In  September  2019,  Kibo  and  Shumba  Energy  Limited  (“Shumba”)  signed  a  binding  Heads  of  Agreement  to 
reorganise the arrangements for the MCIPP and its associated coal asset in Botswana. 

Under the reorganisation the MCIPP retained assets will be consolidated back into KEB and Kibo’s interest in KEB 
will  be  reduced  to  35%  to  maintain  Kibo’s  look-through  interest  in  the  MCIPP  resource  and  make  sundry 
adjustments to recognise Kibo’s project expenditure. A variety of shareholders’ and joint development agreements 
govern the management of the various entities, including minority interest protections, with details of Kibo’s final 
interests in these entities and the MCIPP resource to be advised upon completion of the reorganisation. 

In exchange for the increase in the equity interest held by Shumba, Shumba would forego the previous claim it had 
against a portion of the MCIPP coal resources, thereby increasing the value of the interest held by KEB. 

The transaction  became effective on  5 December 2019 when Kibo concluded a shareholders agreement  with  KEB 
and  Shumba  whereby  Kibo,  through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiaries,  Kibo  Mining  Cyprus  Limited  and  Kibo  Energy 
Botswana Limited would decrease their equity interest in KEB from 85% to 35%, effectively halving their interest in 
the MCIPP project. 

As a result of the reorganisation, Kibo lost control of KEB and therefore derecognised the intangible asset previously 
recorded and simultaneously recognised an investment in associate equal to the fair value of the remaining interest 
retained in KEB (refer to Note 11). 

Bordersley Power Ltd 
Kibo  Energy  PLC  initially  acquired  an  indirect  100%  equity  interest  in  shovel-ready  reserve  power  generation 
project,  Bordersley,  which  will  comprise  a  5MW  gas-fuelled  power  generation  plant  for  the  consideration  of 
£175,000 settled through the issue of shares.  

Thereafter,  Kibo acquired all of St' Anderton's direct and indirect interests (Royalty Agreements) in the Bordersley 
power  project  described  above  giving 
in  Bordersley 
(the 'Acquisition').   Consideration  for  the  Acquisition  consists of  the  allotment  and  issue  of  46,067,206  ordinary 
shares  in  the  capital  of  Kibo  to  St'  Anderton  at  an  issue  price  of  £0.0525  per  share  and  payable  in  five  tranches 
('Consideration Shares') such that the full consideration is only payable in the event that Bordersley is progressively 
derisked.  

it  a  100%  economic  and  100%  equity 

interest 

The issue price of the Consideration Shares and the associated number to be issued to St' Anderton was determined 
by  using  the  methodology  set  out  in  the  original  MED  vendor  agreement  as  guidance,  and  was  calculated  as 
c. £2,420,000 comprising:

•

•

100% of the net present value of the Project Royalties (being the royalty equal to 5% of the gross revenue
less gas and trading costs) amounting to c. £370,000; and
40% of  the net present value of the Project Revenue (being net  profit  before tax)  flowing to  St' Anderton
from Bordersley through MED amounting to c. £2,050,000.

11.

Investment in associate

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Plant 

Balance at the beginning of the year 

Associate acquired during the period 
Share of loss for the year 
Balance at the end of the year 

Group (£) 

Company (£) 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

9,696,683 

-
(332) 
9,696,351 

- 

9,696,683

9,696,683 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The Group  retained a 35%  equity interest  in Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd as a  result the reorganisation  of  its 
interests in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Plant as disclosed in Note 10.  

62 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The value of the remaining equity interest in Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd on initial recognition, was determined 
based on the fair value of the proportionate equity  interest retained in  the in the  enlarged resource following the 
restructuring.  

Summarised financial information of the associate is set out below: 

Non-Current assets 
Current assets 
Loss for the year 

Group (£) 
2020 
8,396,296 
869 
(1,107) 

Group (£) 
2019 
9,376,312 
1,011 
(18,220) 

Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd’s principal place of business is Plot 2780, Extension 9, Gaborone, Botswana. 

12. Other financial assets

Other financial assets consists of: 
Lake Victoria Gold  receivable 
Impairment following from increase in credit risk 

Lake Victoria Gold Receivable 

Group (£) 

Company (£) 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

640,821 
(640,821) 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

On 30 June 2020, the last condition precedent related to the disposal of Reef Miners Limited (“Reef”) as per the SPA, 
comprising the Imweru gold project and the Lubando  gold project in  northern  Tanzania, was met  resulting in the 
effective disposal of the subsidiary to Lake Victoria Gold Limited (“LVG”).  

The amount receivable from Lake Victoria Gold will be due and payable on the following dates: 

1. US$100,000 upon the satisfaction of the Condition Precedent;
2. US$100,000 upon registration of Reef in the name of LVG;
3. US$100,000 four months from the date of the SPA;
4. US$200,000 nine months from the date of the SPA; and
5. US$500,000 upon the earlier of the commissioning of the first producing mine of LVG in the Tanzania or the

date 24 months from the date of the SPA.

As at 31 December 2020, funds of $100,000 have been received from Lake Victoria Gold in respect of the sale of Reef 
Miners Limited (“Reef”) 

The receivable in Lake Victoria Gold has been fully impaired due to the significant increase in credit risk, which is as 
a result of payments 1,3 and 4 not being received as they become due and is still outstanding after the year end. 

Blyvoor Joint Operations 
On 30 January 2020, the Group entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with Blyvoor Gold Mines (Pty) Ltd, whereby 
Katoro  Gold  plc  and  Blyvoor  Gold  Mines  (Pty)  Ltd  would  become  50/50  participants  in  a  unincorporated  Joint 
Venture. 

In accordance with the requirements of the Joint Venture Agreement, the Katoro Group was to provide a ZAR15.0 
million loan (approximately £790,000) to the JV ('the Katoro Loan Facility'), which will fund ongoing development 
work on the Project. 

As at year end, the Group has advanced funding in the amount of £1,201,767 of which 100% relates to expenditure 
allocated to the Joint Venture operations, carried by the Katoro Gold plc Group. 

The Katoro Loan Facility shall form part of the  development capital project financing that  Katoro shall procure in 
accordance with its obligations contained in the Agreement, as detailed below, provided that: 

63 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

•

•

•

the  balance  of  the  Katoro  Loan  Facility  then  outstanding  shall  be  subordinated  to  third  party  creditors
participating in the development capital project financing;
the  Katoro  Loan  Facility  will  bear  interest  at  the  12-month  London  Inter-Bank  Offered  Rate,  or  its
successor; and
the Katoro Loan Facility will be repayable within 12 months after:

- the last third-party creditor participating in the project financing shall have been paid; or
- any earlier date on which the Parties may agree.

At fair value through profit or loss 

Opening balance 
Fair value adjustment through profit or loss 

Group (£) 

Company (£) 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

37,661 
(37,661) 
-

- 
37,661 
37,661

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

The investment represents 700,000 ordinary shares in Lake Victoria Gold Limited, incorporated in Australia, with a 
value  of  AUS$70,000.  The  shares  were  issued  to  Katoro  Gold  Plc  in  recognition  of  the  company  granting  the 
extension to receipt of the first tranche of monies due under the term sheet. The shares were issued on 15 October 
2019 and recorded using the spot rate between the British pound and Australian dollar at that date. The investment 
in  Lake  Victoria  Gold  has  been  fully  impaired  due  to  the  significant  increase  in  credit  risk  of  Lake  Victoria  Gold 
Limited. In the prior year annual financial statements the disclosure in the accounting policies and the notes to the 
annual  financial  statements  erroneously  referred  to  the  investments  as  being  carried  at  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income. 

13. Acquisition and Disposal of interests in other entities

Reef Miners Limited - Imweru and Lubando gold project - 2020 
On 30 June 2020, the last condition precedent related to the disposal of Reef Miners Limited (“Reef”), comprising the 
Imweru gold project and the Lubando gold project in northern Tanzania, was met, resulting in the effective disposal 
of  the  subsidiary  to  Lake  Victoria  Gold  Limited  (“LVG”).  The  assets  and  corresponding  liabilities  of  Reef  was 
recognised as part of the assets classified held for sale in the comparative financial period. 

The following disposal of the subsidiary was recognised in the 2020 financial statements: 

Intangible assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other payables  
Net assets value disposed off 
Foreign currency translation reserve reclassified through profit or loss 
Proceeds from disposal 
Loss on disposal of subsidiary 
Impairment of other financial asset receivable 
Total loss 

Group (£) 
(787,108) 
(336) 
9,136 
(778,308) 
(121,670) 
797,564 
(102,414) 
(640,821) 
(743,235) 

Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project - 2019 
In  September  2019,  Kibo  and  Shumba  Energy  Limited  (“Shumba”)  signed  a  binding  Heads  of  Agreement  to 
reorganise the arrangements for the MCIPP and its associated coal asset in Botswana. 

Under the reorganisation the MCIPP retained assets will be consolidated back into Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd 
(“KEB”) and  Kibo’s  interest  in  KEB  will be reduced to 35% to maintain Kibo’s look-through interest in the MCIPP 
resource and make sundry adjustments to recognise Kibo’s project expenditure. A variety of shareholders’ and joint 
development  agreements  govern  the  management  of  the  various  entities,  including  minority  interest  protections, 
with details of Kibo’s final interests in these entities and the MCIPP resource to be advised upon completion of the 
reorganisation. 

64 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

In exchange for the increase in the equity interest held by Shumba, Shumba would forego the previous claim it had 
against a portion of the MCIPP coal resources, thereby increasing the value of the interest held by KEB. 

The transaction  became effective on  5 December 2019 when Kibo concluded a shareholders agreement  with  KEB 
and  Shumba  whereby  Kibo,  through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiaries,  Kibo  Mining  Cyprus  Limited  and  Kibo  Energy 
Botswana Limited would decrease their equity interest in KEB from 85% to 35%, effectively halving their interest in 
the MCIPP project. 

Benga Power Plant Project – 2019 
Kibo  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  with  Mozambique  energy  company  Termoeléctrica  de  Benga  S.A.  to 
participate in the further assessment and potential development of the Benga Independent Power Project (‘BIPP’). 
The  assets  associated  with  the  acquisition  were  transferred  into  a  newly  incorporated  entity  in  which  Kibo  and 
Termoeléctrica  hold  initial  participation  interests  of  65%  and  35%  respectively,  which  Kibo  obtained  for  no 
consideration on commencement. As disclosed in the significant judgement section of the financial results, Kibo is 
not  able  to  exercise  control  over  the  operations  of  the  newly  incorporated  entity,  therefore  the  investment  is 
recognised  as  a  Joint  Venture  for  financial  reporting  purposes,  which  requires  the  recognition  of  the  participants 
interest in the net revenue of the Joint Venture’s operations. 

In order to maintain its initial participation interest Kibo is required to ensure funding of a maximum amount of £1 
million towards the completion of a Definitive Feasibility Study. 

Bordersley Power Ltd - 2019 
Kibo  Energy  PLC  initially  acquired  an  indirect  100%  equity  interest  in  shovel-ready  reserve  power  generation 
project,  Bordersley,  which  will  comprise  a  5MW  gas-fuelled  power  generation  plant  for  the  consideration  of 
£175,000 settled through the issue of shares.  

Thereafter,  Kibo acquired all of St' Anderton's direct and indirect interests (Royalty Agreements) in the Bordersley 
power  project  described  above  giving 
in  Bordersley 
(the 'Acquisition').   Consideration  for  the  Acquisition  consists of  the  allotment  and  issue  of  46,067,206  ordinary 
shares  in  the  capital  of  Kibo  to  St'  Anderton  at  an  issue  price  of  £0.0525  per  share  and  payable  in  five  tranches 
('Consideration Shares') such that the full consideration is only payable in the event that Bordersley is progressively 
derisked. 

it  a  100%  economic  and  100%  equity 

interest 

As there were no separately identifiable assets and/or liabilities acquired, the purchase price was allocated toward 
the Intellectual Property acquired, in the amount of £2,595,000, as disclosed in Note 10. 

14. Goodwill

MAST Energy Development Limited - 2019 
In  the  previous  financial  period  the  Group  acquired  a  60%  equity  interest  in  MAST  Energy  Project  Limited, 
previously  known  as  MAST  Energy  Development  Limited,  for  £300,000,  settled  through  the  issue  of  5,714,286 
ordinary shares in Kibo effective on 19 October 2018. The acquisition of MAST Energy Development Limited falls 
within the ambit of IFRS 3: Business Combinations. The net assets acquired were valued at Nil, with the resultant 
purchase price being allocated to Goodwill on date of acquisition. 

Various “shovel ready” sites have already been identified in the UK, capable of sustaining gas fired power generators 
and ancillary structures from 20MW upwards. Financial modelling indicates projected IRRs of 13-16% and NPVs of 
GBP16-19 million for the initial assets. 

Goodwill  is  assessed  for  impairment  on  an  annual  basis,  against  the  recoverable  amount  of  underlying  Cash 
Generating Unit (“CGU”). The recoverable amount of the CGU, is the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and its 
value  in  use.  The  valuation  techniques  applicable  to  the  valuation  of  the  abovementioned  CGU  comprise  a 
combination of fair market values, discounted cash flow projections and historic transaction prices. 

Through  review  of  the  project  specific  financial,  operational,  market  and  economic  indicators  applicable  to  the 
above CGU, as well as consideration of the various elements which contribute toward the indication of impairment 
of similar projects, it was concluded no impairment was necessary in the 2020 financial period.  

65 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

15. Trade and other receivables

Group 
2020 (£) 

Group 
2019 (£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2019 (£) 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Other debtors 

115,886 
115,886 

380,693 
380,693 

39,085 
39,085 

361,467 
361,467 

The nature of amounts owed by Group undertakings is such that the expected recovery thereof is in excess of one 
year, and is thus classified as amounts falling due after one year. 

The carrying value of current trade and other receivables approximates their fair value. 

Amounts owed by Group undertakings represent inter-company loans  between the Company and  its subsidiaries. 
They  have  no  fixed  repayment  terms,  bear  no  interest  and  are  unsecured,  resulting  in  the  recognition  of  the 
receivable as a non-current asset due to settlement being extended beyond 12 months. 

During the period the Board resolved to capitalise inter-company loans and convert the respective loans owed by 
subsidiaries into share capital in order to adhere to international transfer pricing regulation and this resulted in a 
corresponding decrease in amounts owed by group undertakings.  

Trade and other receivables pledged as security 

None of the above stated trade and other receivables were pledged as security at period end. Credit quality of trade 
and other receivables that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to historical repayment 
trends of the individual debtors. 

16. Cash

Cash consists of: 

Short term convertible cash reserves 

Group (£) 

Company (£) 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

256,760 
256,760 

91,634 
91,634 

141,788 
141,788 

31,389 
31,389 

Cash has not been ceded, or placed as encumbrance toward any liabilities as at year end. 

17. Assets classified as held for sale

On  22  August  2019,  the  Group  entered  into  a  term  sheet  with  Lake  Victoria  Gold  Limited  (“LVG”)  covering  the 
disposal  of  100%  of  the  equity  interest    held  by  subsidiary  Katoro  Gold  Plc  in  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Reef 
Miners Limited (“Reef”), which owns the Imweru gold project and the Lubando gold project in northern Tanzania.  
Although  the  sale  and  purchase  agreement  with  LVG  has  not  been  entered  into  to  date,  and  LVG  have  requested 
extensions on the payment tranches to be made in accordance with the term sheet, the Board feels that the sale of 
Reef is in the best interest of the Company at this time and the directors are of the opinion that the sale is highly 
probable. The assets, together with the associated liabilities of Reef have therefore been classified as held for sale in 
the comparative financial period. 

The major classes of assets and liabilities in the disposal group classified as held for sale are as follows: 

Assets 
Intangible assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

66 

2019 
787,108 
6,966 
794,074 

11,257 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The disposal of Reef Miners Limited (“Reef”) to Lake Victoria Gold Limited (“LVG”) was completed effective from 30 
June 2020, thus the assets classified as held for sale have been disposed of in the current financial period. Refer to 
note  13  for  further  detail  on  these  transactions.  The  consideration  receivable  related  to  the  disposal  of  Reef, 
amounting to £797,564 was receivable in cash, with no non-cash element receivable. 

The following loss from disposal of the subsidiary was recognised in the 2020 financial statements: 

Intangible assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other payables  
Net assets value disposed off 
Foreign currency translation reserve reclassified through profit or loss 
Proceeds from disposal – receivable outstanding as at year end 
Proceeds from disposal – cash received 
Loss on disposal of subsidiary 
Impairment of financial asset receivable 
Total loss 

18. Share capital - Group and Company

Authorised equity 
5,000,000,000 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each  
1,000,000,000 deferred  shares of €0.014 each 
3,000,000,000 deferred shares of €0.009 each 

Allotted, issued and fully paid shares 
(2020:  2,221,640,835 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each) 
(2019: 1,257,276,078 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each) 
1,291,394,535 Deferred shares of €0.009 each 
805,053,798 Deferred shares of €0.014 each 

Group (£) 
(787,108) 
(336) 
9,136 
(778,308) 
(121,670) 
720,848 
76,716 
(102,414) 
(640,821) 
(743,235) 

2020 

2019 

€5,000,000 
€14,000,000 
€27,000,000 
€46,000,000 

£1,205,611 
-
£9,257,075 
£9,948,807 
£20,411,493 

€2,000,000 
€14,000,000 
€27,000,000 
€43,000,000 

- 
£326,468
£9,257,075
£9,948,807
£19,532,350 

Number of 
Shares 

Ordinary 
Share 
Capital 
(£) 

Deferred 
Share 
Capital 
(£) 

Share 
Premium 
(£) 

Treasury 
shares 
(£) 

Balance at 31 December 2019 

1,257,276,078 

326,468  19,205,882 

42,750,436 

Shares issued during the period 

964,364,757 

879,143 

-

1,561,935

Balance at 31 December 2020 

2,221,640,835 

1,205,611  19,205,882 

44,312,371 

- 

- 

- 

All ordinary shares issued have the right to vote, right to receive dividends, a copy of the annual report, and the right 
to transfer ownership of their shares. 

During the period, the Company resolved to increase the Ordinary Share capital from five billion Ordinary Shares to 
eight billion Ordinary Shares to ensure sufficient authorised Ordinary Share capital available to issue more Ordinary 
Shares when required. 

67 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

19. Control reserve

The transaction with Opera Investments PLC in 2017 represented a disposal without loss of control. Under IFRS this 
constitutes  a  transaction  with  equity  holders  and  as  such  is  recognised  through  equity  as  opposed  to  recognising 
goodwill. The control reserve represents the difference between the purchase consideration and the book value of 
the net assets and liabilities acquired in the transaction with Opera Investments.  

20. Share based payments reserve

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of the share based payment reserve as at period 
end: 

Opening balance of share based payment reserve 
Issue of share options and warrants 

Deferred vendor liability settled through the issue of shares 

Reclassification of share based payment reserve on expired share options 

Opening balance of share based payment reserve 
Issue of share options and warrants 
Reclassification of share based payment reserve on expired share options 

Group (£) 

2020 
1,504,513 
645,445 

(421,471) 

- 
1,728,487 

  2019 

41,807 
1,041,235 

421,471 

- 
1,504,513 

Company (£) 

  2020 
977,575 
-
-

   2019 

- 
977,575
-

977,575 

977,575 

Share options and Warrants 

Share Options 
During the prior year, Katoro Gold Plc, a subsidiary of  Kibo, implemented a share option plan  whereby  the Board 
and  Management  of  the  Company  were  issued  14,944,783  Ordinary  shares,  being  10%  of  the  Company’s  issued 
share capital on 8 February 2019, at 1.3 pence per share. The options have an expiry date of the seventh anniversary 
date of the date of grant, with 50% vesting on issue and the remaining 50% vesting in one year. 

During the current year, the company implemented a share option plan whereby the Board and Management of the 
Company  were  grant  options  over  a  total  of  17,300,000  new  ordinary  shares  of  £0.01each  in  the  capital  of  the 
Company.  The  Options  are  exercisable  at  2.6  pence  per  Ordinary  Share,  constituting  a  c.  10%  premium  to  the 
Company's  recent  closing  share  price  on  28  August  2020.  The  Options  have  an  expiry  date  of  the  seventh 
anniversary from the date of grant of 28 August 2020, with 50% vesting on issue and the remaining 50% vesting in 
one year.  

The fair value of the share options issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. 

The inputs to the Black-Scholes model were as follows: 

Description of key input 

Date issued 
Options granted 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

Key 
Assumptions 
February 2019 
14,944,783 
1.3p 
1.3p 
0.4% 
82% 
7 years 

Key 
Assumptions 
August 2020 
17,300,000 
2.4p 
2.6p 
0.3% 
142.84% 
7 years 

68 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Expected volatility was determined using the historic average volatility in the company’s share price over the past 2 
to 3 years. 

The weighted average fair value for the share options granted during year is 2.26p. 

Warrants 
The Group has the following warrants over its Ordinary Shares: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1,208,333 warrants to Beaufort’s (Beaufort Securities Limited, the former broker to the Group) in respect of
the placing fees. Each warrant shall entitle Beaufort to subscribe for one new Ordinary Share and shall be
exercisable at 6 pence per share for up to five years;
10,000,000  warrants  to  African  Battery  Metals  Plc  in  respect  of  the  Nickel  project  facilitation  fees.  The
warrants were issued over 2 tranches. The first tranche of 2,500,000 warrants were issued upon signature
of the Option Agreement between the parties on 15 March 2019, with the remaining 7,500,000 issued on 15
May 2019. These warrants are exercisable within 3 years of issue date at a price of 1.25 pence per share;
10,000,000  warrants  to  various  funders  in  respect  of  placing  and  subscription  of  10,000,000  ordinary
shares of 1.0p each issued on 2 October 2019. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a
further new Ordinary Share at a price of 1.5p, with a life to expiry of 2 years.4,800,000 of these warrants
have been exercised by 31 December 2020,with only 5,200,000 warrants left;
17,200,000  warrants  to  various  funders  in  respect  of  placing  and  subscription  of  17,200,000  ordinary
shares of 1.0p each issued on 31 March 2020. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a
further new Ordinary Share at a price of 2.0p, with a life to expiry of 2 years;
36,666,666  warrants  to  various  funders  in  respect  of  placing  and  subscription  of  73,333,333  ordinary
shares  of  1.0p  each  issued  on  25  June  2020.  Each  warrant  shall  entitle  the  fundraisers  to  subscribe  for  a
further new Ordinary Share at a price of 3.0p, with a life to expiry of 3 years. The Directors also participated
in the Fundraise, of which they acquired 3,333,333 ordinary shares and 1,666,666 warrants.
663,333,420 warrants were issued with the share placing completed on 21 October 2019. Each share issued
for this placing includes one warrant exercisable at 0.8 pence per share for the period of 18 months and half
a warrant exercisable at 1.0 pence per share for the period of 36 months from the date of issue.
362,500,000 warrants were issued with the share placing completed on 17 September 2020. For every two
shares issued for this placing includes one warrant exercisable at 0.4 pence per share for the period of 36
months from the date of issue.
240,000,000  warrants  were  issued  with  the  early  termination  of  convertible  loan  note  completed  on  17
September 2020. The warrants are exercisable at 0.25 pence per share for the period of 36 months from the
date of issue.
10,000,000  warrants  were  issued  to  the  company’s  broker  for  broker  fees  relating  to  the  share  placing
completed on 17 September 2020. The warrants are exercisable at 0.2 pence per share for the period of 36
months from the date of issue.

The fair value of the warrants issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. 

The inputs to the Black-Scholes model were as follows: 

Description 
key input 

of 

Key Assumptions 
Beaufort 

Key 
Assumptions 
African 
Battery 
Metals Plc 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy 
Plc October 
2019 placing 

Date issued 
Warrants granted 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

April 2017 
1,208,333 
6p 
6p 
0.1% 
70% 
5 years 

May 2019  October 2019 
10,000,000 
1.10p 
1.5p 
0.4% 
82% 
2 years 

10,000,000 
1.3p 
1.25p 
0.4% 
82% 
3 years 

March 2020 
17,200,000 
1.35p 
2p 
0.1% 
86.44% 
2 years 

June 2020  October 2019 
442,222,280 
36,666,666 
0.45p 
1.7p 
0.8p 
3p 
0.4% 
0.1% 
99% 
148.29% 
18 months 
3 years 

69 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Description  of 
key input 

Key Assumptions 
Kibo Energy Plc 
October 2019 
placing 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy Plc 
September 2020 
placing 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy Plc 
Broker shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy 
CLN 
Termination 

Date issued 
Warrants 
granted 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

October 2019 
221,111,140 

September 2020 
362,500,000 

September 2020 
10,000,000 

September 2020 
240,000,000 

0.5p 
1p 
0.4% 
99% 
3 years 

0.25p 
0.4p 
0% 
144.5% 
3 years 

0.25p 
0.20p 
0% 
144.5% 
3 years 

0.25p 
0.25p 
0% 
144.5% 
3 years 

Expected volatility was determined using the historic average volatility in the company’s share price over the past 2 
to 3 years. 

Expenses settled through the issue of shares 

The Group recognised the following expense related to equity settled share based payment transactions: 

Geological expenditure settled 
Listing and capital raising fees 
Statutory fees 
Shares and warrants issued to directors and staff 

2020 (£) 

2019 (£) 

663,079 
178,000 
-
225,778 
1,066,857 

100,559 
252,854 
144,013
405,345
902,771 

At 31 December 2020 the Group had 32,244,781 share options and 1,341,308,419 warrants outstanding. 

Options 

Date of Grant 
8 Feb 2019 

28 Aug 2020 

Exercise start date 
08 Feb 2019 (50%) 
08 Feb 2020 (50%) 
28 Aug 2020 (50%) 
28 Aug 2020 (50%) 

Expiry date 
7 Feb 2026 

Exercise 
Price 

1.3p 

Number 
Granted 
14,944,783 

Exercisable as 
at 31 December 
2020 
14,944,783 

28 Aug 2027 

2.6p 

17,300,000 

17,300,000 

32,244,781 

32,244,781 

Warrants 

04 Nov 2019 
04 Nov 2019 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
April 2017 
15 May 2019 
02 Oct 2019 
31 Mar 2020 
25 Jun 2020 

04 Nov 2019 
04  Nov 2019 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
April 2017 
15 May 2019 
02 Oct 2019 
31 Mar 2020 
25 Jun 2020 

03 May 2021 
03 Nov 2022 
17 Sept 2023 
17 Sept 2023 
17 Sept 2023 
April 2022 
15 May 2022 
02 Oct 2021 
31 Mar 2022 
25 Jun 2023 

0.4p 
0.6p 
0.4p 
0.25p 
0.2p 
6p 
1.25p 
1.5p 
2p 
3p 

442,222,280 
221,111,140 
362,500,000 
240,000,000 
10,000,000 
1,208,333 
10,000,000 
5,200,000 
17,200,000 
36,666,666 

442,222,280 
221,111,140 
362,500,000 
240,000,000 
10,000,000 
1,208,333 
10,000,000 
400,000 
17,200,000 
36,666,666 

Total Contingently Issuable shares 

1,378,353,200 

1,373,553,200 

1,346,108,419 

1,341,308,419 

70 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Reconciliation of the quantity of share options in issue: 

Opening balance 
New share options issued 
Expiration of share options 

Reconciliation of the quantity of warrants in issue: 

Group 

Company 

2020 
14,944,781 
17,300,000 
- 
32,244,781 

2019 

2020 

2019 

- 
14,944,781 
- 
14,944,781 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Group 

Company 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

Opening balance  
New warrants issued 
Warrants exercised 

663,333,420 
682,774,999 
(4,800,000) 

- 
663,333,420 
- 
1,341,308,419  663,333,420  1,275,833,420  663,333,420 

663,333,420
612,500,000 
- 

-
663,333,420 
- 

The weighted average exercise price for warrants exercised in Katoro Gold plc during the year amounted to £0.015 
per warrant with a weighted average share price at exercise date of £0.035 per share. 

Deferred vendor liability 
The amount due to vendors represents the balance of the purchase consideration owing in respect of the acquisition 
of  Bordersley  Power  Limited  from  St’  Anderton  on  Vaal  Limited.  The  liability  will  be  settled  through  the  issue  of 
ordinary shares in the Company, in four equal tranches of 6,000,000 at an issue price of £0.0525 each, as the project 
is progressively derisked, as detailed below: 

• Upon  receiving  confirmation  from  Mast  Energy  Development  that  a  preliminary  notice  to  proceed  with
construction  of  the  Bordersley  power  site  has  been  issued  by  the  Owners  Engineer  for  the  construction  and
commissioning of the Bordersley site;

• Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that a final notice to proceed with construction of
the Bordersley power site has been issued by the Owners Engineer for the construction and commissioning of
the Bordersley site;

• Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that the Owners Engineer for the construction and
commissioning of the Bordersley site has commenced with commissioning of the Bordersley power plant; and
• Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that the Owners Engineer for the construction and

commissioning of the Bordersley site has confirmed steady state production at the Bordersley power plant.

The  fair  value  of  the  deferred  vendor  liability  is  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  anticipated  purchase 
consideration payable, at the fair value of the shares on the date of the transaction. 

The amount payable has been settled during the current year through the issue of ordinary shares. 

21. Translation reserves

The  foreign  exchange  reserve  relates  to  the  foreign  exchange  effect  of  the  retranslation  of  the  Group’s  overseas 
subsidiaries  on  consolidation  into  the  Group’s  financial  statements,  taking  into  account  the  financing  provided  to 
subsidiary operations is seen as part of the Group’s net investment in subsidiaries. 

Opening balance  
Movement during the period 
Disposal of subsidiary 
Closing balance  

Group 

Company 

2020 (£) 

2019 (£) 

2020 (£) 

(872,942) 
152,635 
121,670 
(598,637) 

(656,622) 
(216,320) 
- 
(872,942) 

- 
- 

-

2019 
(£) 

- 
- 

- 

71 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

22. Non-controlling interest

The non-controlling interest carried forward relates to the minority equity attributable to Katoro Gold PLC and its 
subsidiaries.  

Opening balance  
Change of interest in subsidiary without loss of control 
Loss for the year allocated to non-controlling interest 
Closing balance of non-controlling interest 

Group 

2020 (£) 

27,073 
1,407,037 
(1,690,951) 
256,841 

2019 (£) 

409,171 
19,267 
(401,365) 
27,073 

The  summarised  financial  information  for  significant  subsidiaries  in  which  the  non-controlling  interest  has  an 
influence, namely Katoro Gold PLC as at ended 31 December 2020, is presented below: 

Statement of Financial position 
Total assets 
Total liabilities 

Statement of Profit and Loss 
Revenue for the period 
Loss for the period 

Statement of Cash Flow 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 

23. Trade and other payables

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Trade payables 

Katoro plc Group  Katoro plc Group 
2019 (£) 

2020 (£) 

353,682 
(231,806) 

295,116 
(117,402) 

- 
(2,561,114) 

- 
(668,659) 

(1,039,035) 
(1,027,925) 
2,129,800 

(580,727) 
- 
202,934 

Group 
2020 (£) 

Group 
2019 (£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2019 (£) 

1,444,986 
1,444,986 

1,024,126 
1,024,126 

218,877 
218,877 

265,727 
265,727 

The carrying value of current trade and other payables equals their fair value due mainly to the short term nature of 
these receivables. 

24. Borrowings

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Short term loans 

Reconciliation of borrowings: 
Opening balance 
Raised during the year 
Repaid during the year 
Consulting fees 
Facilitation fees 
Reclassification shareholder contribution to debt 
Settled through the issue of shares 

Group 2020 
(£) 

Group 2019 
(£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2019 (£) 

858,546 
858,546 

523,725 
523,725 

344,391 
344,391 

294,955 
294,955 

Group 2020 
(£) 

Group 2019 
(£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2019 (£) 

523,725 
1,370,000 
(25,000) 
276,000 
264,200 
41,155 
(1,591,534 ) 

-
1,613,715 
-
-
-
-
(1,090,000) 

294,955
590,000
(25,000)
-
250,000
-
(765,564) 

- 
544,955 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(250,000) 

Closing balance 

858,546 

523,725 

344,391 

294,955 

72 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Short term loans 
Short  term  loans  relate  to  the  unsecured  interest  free  loan  facility  from  Sanderson  Capital  Partners  Limited  and 
various  high  net  worth  clients  of  SI  Capital  which  is  repayable  either  through  the  issue  of  ordinary  shares  or 
payment of cash by the Company. 

25.

Investment in group undertakings

Breakdown of investments at 31 December 2020 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Mbeya Developments Limited 
Katoro Gold Plc 
Total cost of investments 

Breakdown of investments at 31 December 2019 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Sloane Developments Limited 
Katoro Gold Plc 
Total cost of investments 

Investments at Cost 
At 1 January 2019 

Additions in Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Additions in Katoro Gold PLC 
Provision for impairment 

At 31 December 2019 (£) 

Additions in Kibo Mining Cyprus Limited 
Mbeya Developments Limited 
Disposal in Sloane Developments Limited 
Reversal of impairment in Katoro Gold PLC 
Provision for impairment 

At 31 December 2020 (£) * 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

42,796,376 
1,706,896 
2,160,888 
46,664,160 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

40,048,442 
2,643,558 
626,643 
43,318,643 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

37,890,651 

2,642,265 
2,643,558 
142,169 

43,318,643 

2,747,934 
1,706,896 
(2,643,558) 
1,534,245 
- 

46,664,160 

The reversal of the impairment in Katoro Gold PLC is due to the significant improvement in the share price, which 
results in the recoverable amount of the investment in Katoro Gold PLC increasing considerably.  

73 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

At 31 December 2020 the Company had the following undertakings: 

Description 

Directly held Investments 

Subsidiary, 
associate, 
Joint Ops 

Activity 

Interest 

Interest 

held 
(2020) 

held 
(2019) 

Incorporated 
in 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Katoro Gold Plc 

Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 

Treasury Function 
Mineral Exploration 

Cyprus 
United Kingdom 

100% 
29.25% 

100% 
55.53% 

Indirectly held Investments 

MAST Energy Development Plc 
Sloane Developments Limited 
MAST Energy Projects Limited 
Bordersley Power Limited 
Kibo Gold Limited 
Savannah Mining Limited 
Reef Miners Limited 
Kibo Nickel Limited 
Eagle Exploration Limited 
Katoro (Cyprus) Limited 
Katoro South Africa Limited 
Blyvoor Joint Venture  

Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Joint 
Operation 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Holdings Limited 
Mbeya Development Limited 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Mining Company Limited  Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Coal Limited 
Subsidiary 
Rukwa Holding Limited 
Mbeya Power Tanzania Limited  Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Kibo Mining South Africa (Pty) 
Ltd 
Kibo Exploration Limited 
Kibo MXS Limited 
Mzuri Exploration Services 
Limited 
Investment 
Protocol Mining Limited 
Subsidiary 
Jubilee Resources Limited 
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited 
Subsidiary 
Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd  Associate 
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Pinewood Resources Limited 
BENGA Power Plant Limited 
Joint Venture 
Makambako Resources Limited  Subsidiary 

Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Investment 

Power Generation 
Holding Company 
Power Generation 
Power Generation 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 

Holding Company 
Holding Company 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Power Generation 
Treasury Function 

Treasury Function 
Holding Company 
Exploration Services 

Exploration Services 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Power Generation 
Mineral Exploration 

United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
South Africa 
South Africa 

Cyprus 
Cyprus 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
South Africa 

Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 

Tanzania 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Botswana 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Tanzania 
Tanzania 

100% 
100% 
60% 
100% 
29.25.% 
29.25% 
0% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
4.78% 

4.78% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 

- 
100% 
60% 
100% 
55.53% 
55.53% 
55.53% 
55.53% 
55.53% 
- 
- 
- 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
4.78% 

4.78% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 

The  Group  has  applied  the  approach  whereby  loans  to  Group  undertakings  and  trade  receivables  from  Group 
undertakings were capitalised to the cost of the underlying investments. The capitalisation results in a decrease in 
the exchange fluctuations between Group companies operating from various locations. 

74 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

26. Related party transactions

Related parties of the Group comprise subsidiaries, joint ventures, significant shareholders, the Board of Directors 
and related parties in terms of the listing requirements. 

Transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  which  are  related  parties,  have  been  eliminated  on 
consolidation. 

Board of Directors/ Key Management 

Name 
A. Lianos

 Relationship (Directors of:) 
 River Group, Boudica Group and Namaqua Management Limited 

Other entities over which directors/key management or their close family have control or significant 
influence: 
River Group 

River  Group  provide  corporate  advisory  services  and  is  the  Company’s 
Designated Advisor. 

Boudica Group 

Boudica Group provides secretarial services to the Group. 

St Anderton on Vaal Limited 

St  Anderton  on  Vaal  Limited  provides  consulting  services  to  the  Group. 
The  directors  of  St  Anderton  on  Vaal  Limited  are  also  directors  of  Mast 
Energy Developments Limited. 

Kibo Mining Plc is a shareholder of the following companies and as such are considered related parties: 

Directly held subsidiaries: 

 Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
 Katoro  Gold Plc 

Indirectly held subsidiaries: 

Kibo Gold Limited 
Kibo Mining South Africa Limited  
Savannah Mining Limited 
Reef Mining Limited 
Kibo Nickel Limited 
Katoro (Cyprus) Limited 
Katoro South Africa Limited 
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited 
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited 
Eagle Exploration Mining Limited 
Mzuri Energy Limited 
Rukwa Holdings Limited 
Mbeya Holdings Limited 
Mbeya Development Company Limited 
Mbeya Mining Company Limited 
Mbeya Coal Limited 
Mzuri Power Limited 
Kibo Exploration Limited 
Mbeya Power Tanzania Limited 
Kibo MXS Limited 
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited  
Pinewood Resources Limited 
Makambako Resources Limited 
Jubilee Resources Limited 
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited 
MAST Energy Developments Limited 
MAST Energy Projects Limited 
Sloane Developments Limited 
Bordersley Power Limited 

75 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The  transactions  during  the  period  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  included  the  settlement  of 
expenditure to/from subsidiaries, working capital funding, and settlement of the Company’s liabilities through the 
issue  of  equity  in  subsidiaries.  The  loans  to/  from  group  companies  do  not  have  fixed  repayment  terms  and  are 
unsecured.  

The following transactions have been entered into with related entities, by way of common directorship, throughout 
the financial period. 

River  Group  was  paid  £37,500  (2019:  £35,384)  for  designated  advisor  services,  corporate  advisor  services  and 
corporate financer fees during the year settled through cash. No fees are payable to River Group as at year end. The 
expenditure was recognised in the Company as part of administrative expenditure.  

St Anderton on Vaal Limited was paid £276,000 (2019: £297,000) during the year for consulting services rendered 
to Mast Energy Project Limited. 

During  the  year,  Namaqua  Management  Limited  or  its  nominees,  was  paid  £365,027  (2019:  £472,153)  for  the 
provision of administrative and management services. £Nil was payable at the year-end (2019: £247,836).  

The Boudica Group was paid £Nil (2019: £32,400) for corporate services during the current financial period. No fees 
are payable to Boudica Group at year end.  

27. Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management

The  Group  and  Company’s  principal  financial  instruments  comprises  trade  payables  and  borrowings.  The  main 
purpose of these financial instruments is to provide finance for the Group and Company’s operations. The Group has 
various other financial assets and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from 
its operations. 

It is, and has been throughout the 2020 and 2019 financial period, the Group and Company’s policy not to undertake 
trading in derivatives. 

The main  risks arising from the Group and Company’s financial instruments are  foreign currency risk, credit risk, 
liquidity risk, interest rate risk and capital risk. Management reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these 
risks which are summarised below. 

Financial instruments of the Group are: 

Financial assets at amortised cost 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash  

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Trade payables   
Borrowings 

2020 (£) 

2019 (£) 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

86,719 
256,760 

-
-

380,693
91,634

- 
- 

-
-
343,479 

1,444,986
858,546
2,303,532 

-
-
472,327 

1,024,126
523,725
1,547,851 

76 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Financial instruments of the Company are: 

Financial assets at amortised cost 
Trade and other receivables – current 
Cash  

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Trade payables – current 
Borrowings 

2020 (£) 

2019 (£) 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

27,602 
141,788 

-
-
169,390 

-
-

361,467
31,389

- 
- 

218,877
344,391
563,268 

-
-
392,856 

227,237
294,955
522,192 

Foreign currency risk 
The  Group  undertakes  certain  transactions  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  and  exposures  to  exchange  rate 
fluctuations  therefore  may  arise.  Exchange  rate  exposures  are  managed  by  continuously  reviewing  exchange  rate 
movements in the relevant foreign currencies. The exposure to exchange rate fluctuations for the Group/Company is 
limited to foreign currency translation of subsidiaries, which is not material, as the Group/Company does not hold 
any significant foreign denominated monetary assets or liabilities.  

At the period ended 31 December 2020, the Group had no outstanding forward exchange contracts. 

Exchange rates used for conversion of foreign subsidiaries undertakings were: 

ZAR to GBP (Spot) 
ZAR to GBP (Average) 
USD to GBP (Spot) 
USD to GBP (Average) 
EURO to GBP (Spot) 
EURO to GBP (Average) 

2020 
0.0499 
0.0469 
0.7325 
0.7798 
0.8984 
0.8894 

2019 
0.0542 
0.0543 
0.7623 
0.7837 
0.8537 
0.8772 

The executive management of the Group monitor the Group's exposure to the concentration of fair value estimation 
risk on a monthly basis. 

Group Sensitivity Analysis 
As the Group/Company has no material monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies, the impact associated 
with a change in the foreign exchange rates is not expected to be material to the Group/Company. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss 
to the Group. As the Group does not, as yet, have any sales to third parties, this risk is limited. 

The Group and Company’s financial assets comprise receivables and cash and cash equivalents. The credit risk on 
cash  and  cash  equivalents  is  limited  because  the  counterparties  are  banks  with  high  credit-ratings  assigned  by 
international  credit  rating  agencies.  The  Group  and  Company’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  arise  from  default  of  its 
counterparty,  with  a  maximum  exposure  equal  to  the  carrying  amount  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  in  its 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  position.  Expected  credit  losses  were  not  measured  on  a  collective  basis.  The 
various  financial  assets  owed  from  group  undertakings  were  evaluated  against  the  underlying  asset  value  of  the 
investee,  taking  into  account  the  value  of  the  various  projects  undertaken  during  the  period,  thus  validating,  as 
required the credit loss recognised in relation to amounts owed by group undertakings. 

The  Group  does  not  have  any  significant  credit  risk  exposure  to  any  single  counterparty  or  any  Group  of 
counterparties having similar characteristics. The Group defines counterparties as having similar characteristics if 
they are connected or related entities. 

77 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Financial assets exposed to credit risk at period end were as follows: 

Financial instruments 

Trade & other receivables 
Cash 

  Group (£) 

2020 

2019 

  Company (£) 
2020 

2019 

86,719 
256,760 

380,693 
91,634 

39,085 
141,788 

361,467 
31,389 

Liquidity risk management 
Ultimate  responsibility  for  liquidity  risk  management  rests  with  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  has  built  an 
appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Group and Company’s short, medium 
and long-term  funding and  liquidity management requirements.  The Group  manages liquidity risk  by  maintaining 
adequate  reserves  and  by  continuously  monitoring  forecast  and  actual  cash  flows  and  matching  the  maturity 
profiles  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities.  Cash  forecasts  are  regularly  produced  to  identify  the  liquidity 
requirements of the Group.  

The Group and Company’s financial liabilities as at 31 December 2020 were all payable on demand. 

Group (£)  
At 31 December 2020 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

At 31 December 2019 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Company (£) 
At 31 December 2020 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

At 31 December 2019 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Less than 1 
year 

Greater than 1 
year 

1,444,986 
858,546 

1,024,126 
523,725 

218,877 
344,391 

265,727 
294,955 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

Interest rate risk 
The Group and Company’s  exposure to the  risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Group 
and Company’s holdings of cash and short term deposits. 

It is the Group and Company’s policy as part of its management of the budgetary process to place surplus funds on 
short term deposit in order to maximise interest earned.  

Group Sensitivity Analysis: 
Currently  no  significant  impact  exists  due  to  possible  interest  rate  changes  on  the  Company’s  interest  bearing 
instruments. 

Capital risk management 
The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while 
maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To 
maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Group may  adjust or issue new shares or raise debt. No changes were 
made in the objectives, policies or processes during the period ended 31 December 2020. The capital structure of 
the  Group  consists  of  equity  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the  parent,  comprising  issued  capital,  reserves  and 
retained losses as disclosed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. 

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KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Fair values  
The carrying amount of the Group and Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities recognised at amortised 
cost in the financial statements approximate their fair value. 

Hedging 
At 31 December 2020, the Group had no outstanding contracts designated as hedges. 

28.  Post Statement of Financial Position events 

Warrant Exercise and Share Issues  

During  2021  to  date,  Kibo  issued  an  additional  188,431,556  shares  all  of  which  resulted  from  the  exercise  of  a 
similar  amount  of  warrants  by  warrant  holders  whereupon  they  received  one  Kibo  share  for  each  warrant 
exercised.  The  warrants  were  exercisable  at  prices  of  £0.002  to  £0.004  and  yielded  proceeds  of  £697,726  to  the 
Company.  The  Company  also  issued  65,276,346  shares  at  a  deemed  share  price  of  £0.0026  to  Sanderson  Capital 
Partners Limited in payment of 50% of the outstanding balance of £339,437 on a Debt Factoring Agreement original 
signed on the 20 December 2016. The remaining balance of £169,718.5 is to be paid in cash of which £25,000 has 
already been paid. 

Listing of Mast Energy Developments Plc on the LSE 

On the 14 April 2021, Mast Energy Developments Plc listed on the London Stock Exchange. Coincident with listing, 
Kibo’s  100%  shareholding  in  MED  of  104,496,960  shares  held  through  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary  Kibo  Mining 
(Cyprus) Limited reduced to 55.42%.  This resulted from the execution of a share sale agreement whereby MED’s  
wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Sloane  Developments  Limited  purchased  the  40%  minority  interest  in  Mast  Energy 
Projects  Limited  that  it  did  not  already  hold  from  Guernsey  company  St.  Anderton  on  Vaal  Ltd  in  exchange  for  
36,917,076 newly issued shares in MED. MED also issued an additional 47,150,000 new shares to subscribers to the 
IPO.  

This resulted in Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited holding 104,496,960  of the 188,564,036 shares issued in MED post 
IPO (55.42% shareholding). 

Migration of Companies Dematerialised Shares to Euroclear Bank 

On the 22 February 2021, the shareholders of Kibo approved resolutions to permit the migration of the Company’s 
dematerialised shares held through CREST to Euroclear Nominees  Limited. This was required to allow shareholders 
continue  to  hold  the  Company    shares  in  dematerialised  form  following  the  UK’s  exit  from  the  EU.  The  migration 
successfully occurred on the 12 March 2021. 

2nd Production-Ready Site Approaching Operational Status for Commercial Production 

Sloane  Developments  Ltd  ('Sloane'),  has  progressed  the  acquisition  transaction  announced  in  the  RNS  of  7 
September 2020, to the point where it is now finalizing a definitive Share Purchase Agreement ("SPA") to acquire 
100% of the 9MW flexible gas power project (the 'Acquisition'). 

The  decision  was  largely  influenced  by  the  rapid  progress  made  in  getting  the  site  ready  to  commence  with 
commercial  production.  Latest  reports  from  the  project  vendor  and  onsite  engineers  state  that  the  site  will  be  in 
electricity generation readiness pending finalization of the SPA. The site and equipment will then settle into steady 
state electricity generation and commensurate revenue creation as planned for the project life cycle. 

Kibo advances Benga power project 

Kibo and its local JV partners recently attended a workshop with EDM in Maputo to discuss and agree the next steps 
towards  the  ultimate  finalization  of  a  PPA.  During  the  meeting  the  final  optimised  definitive  feasibility  study, 
inclusive of the updated grid integration study, and a summary of an updated draft financial model was presented 
and discussed as the fundamentals that will guide and focus the further course of the PPA process. This will ensure 
that a final result is obtained at the earliest opportunity possible. 

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KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The  very  productive  discussions  during  the  workshop,  amongst  others,  also  included  an  agreement  reached 
between  the  parties  to  integrate  specific  EDM  inputs  into  the  Financial  Model  and  the  immediate  initiation  of  a 
formal EPC process towards finalizing an advanced Financial Model that reflects firm numbers on key commercial 
parameters. 

Agreement to co-develop renewable projects in South Africa 

The  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  with  South  Africa-based  Industrial  Green  Solutions  (Pty)  Ltd  ('IGES')  to 
jointly  develop  a  portfolio  of  Waste  to  Energy  projects  in  South  Africa  ('the  Agreement')  with  an  initial  target  of 
generating more than 50 megawatts of electricity for sale to industrial users.  The Agreement, which is subject to the 
satisfaction  of  certain  conditions,  is  in  line  with  Kibo's  strategy  to  integrate  renewable  energy  into  its  project 
pipeline, which includes three utility-scale power generation and mining projects. 

29.  Commitments and Contingencies 

Benga Power Project 
Kibo  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  (the  ‘Benga  Power  Joint  Venture’  or  ‘JV’)  with  Mozambique  energy 
company  Termoeléctrica  de  Benga  S.A.  to  participate  in  the  further  assessment  and  potential  development  of  the 
Benga Independent Power Project (‘BIPP’). In order to maintain its initial participation interest Kibo is required to 
ensure  funding  of  a  maximum  amount  of  £1  million  towards  the  completion  of  a  Definitive  Feasibility  Study, 
however this expenditure is still discretionary. 

Other  than  the  commitments  and  contingencies  noted  above,  the  Group  does  not  have  identifiable  material 
commitments and contingencies as at the reporting date. Any contingent rental is expensed in the period in which it 
is.incurred.

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KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Accounting policy 

Headline earnings per share (HEPS) is calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 
during the period and is based on the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders, after excluding those items 
as required by Circular 1/2021 issued by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA). 

Reconciliation of Headline earnings per share 

Headline loss per share 

Headline loss per share comprises the following: 

Reconciliation of headline loss per share: 

Loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 
Adjustments 
Loss/(profit) on disposal of subsidiaries 
Profit on disposal of motor vehicle 
Headline loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
(4,726,286) 

31 December 
2019 (£) 
(3,500,004) 

102,414 
(53,574) 
(4,677,446) 

(591,060) 
- 
(4,091,064) 

Headline loss per ordinary share 

(0.003) 

(0.005) 

Weighted average number of shares in issue: 

1,546,853,959 

849,795,672 

Headline loss per share, on a per-share basis: 

Reconciliation of headline loss per share: 

Loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 
Adjustments 
Loss/(profit) on disposal of subsidiaries 
Profit on disposal of motor vehicle 
Impairments 
Headline loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 

Headline loss per ordinary share 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
(0.0030) 

31 December 
2019 (£) 
(0.0041) 

0.00003 
(0.00003) 
(0.00008) 
(0.00308) 

(0.0007) 
- 

(0.0048) 

(0.003) 

(0.005) 

In  order  to  accurately  reflect  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  for  the  purposes  of  basic 
earnings, dilutive earnings and headline earnings per share as at year end, the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares was adjusted retrospectively. 

81