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Kibo Energy PLC

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FY2021 Annual Report · Kibo Energy PLC
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KIBO ENERGY PLC 
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR 
THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CONTENTS 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

ANNEXURE 1: HEADLINE EARNINGS PER SHARE 

1 

3 

4 

7 

14 

26 

27

28 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

55 

89 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee  
Noel O’Keeffe 
Andreas Lianos 
Christiaan Schutte 

Chairman (Non-Executive Chairman) 
Chief Executive Officer 
Technical Director (Non-Executive Director) 
Non-Executive Director  
Executive Director Capital Projects 

COMPANY SECRETARY: 

Noel O’Keeffe 

REGISTERED OFFICE: 

17 Pembroke Street Upper 
Dublin 2, Ireland  

BUSINESS ADDRESS - IRELAND: 

AUDITORS 

Gray Office Park 
Galway Retail Park 
Headford Road 
Galway, Ireland 
Crowe Ireland

40 Mespil Rd 
Dublin 4 
D04 C2N4 
Ireland 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING: 

SHARE REGISTRARS: 

London Stock Exchange: AIM - (Share code: KIBO) – Primary 
Johannesburg Stock Exchange: JSE Alt X - (Share Code: KBO) – Secondary 
United Kingdom &
Link Registrars Ltd  

Ireland

PRINCIPAL BANKERS: 

JOINT BROKER: 

JOINT BROKER: 

2 Grand Canal Square 
Dublin 2 
D02 A342 
South Africa 
JSE Investor Services (Pty) Ltd 

th

 Floor 

13
19 Ameshoff Street 
Braamfontein 
South Africa 
Allied Irish Banks Plc

Tuam Road 
Galway 
Ireland 
Hybridan LLP

1 Poultry 
London 
EC2R 8EJ 
Shard Capital Partners LLP

rd

 Floor 

23
20 Fenchurch Street 
London, EC3M 3BY  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

UK PUBLIC RELATIONS: 

SOLICITORS: 

UK NOMINATED ADVISER: 

JSE DESIGNATED ADVISER: 

WEBSITE: 

CONTACT: 

Lifa Communications

32 Fricker Road 
Illovo, Johannesburg 
2169, South Africa 
As to Irish Law:
OBH Partners 

17 Pembroke Street Upper 
Dublin 2 
Ireland 
As to English Law: 
Druces LLP 

Salisbury House 
London Wall 
London EC2M 5PS 
RFC Ambrian Limited

Level 48, Central Park 
152-158 St. Georges Terrace
Perth, WA 6000
River Group

Unit 2, 211 Kloof Street 
Waterkloof 
Pretoria, South Africa 

www.kibo.energy 

info@kibo.energy 

DATE OF INCORPORATION: 

  17 January 2008 

REGISTERED NUMBER: 

  451931 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

I am pleased to provide a review of Kibo Energy plc (“Kibo” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries’ (together with 
Kibo, the “Group”) activities during the period and to present our full-year audited accounts for 2021. 

As you know we announced a significant strategy shift in June 2021, largely prompted by a global surge in clean energy 
policies and investment aimed at putting the energy system on track to achieve the global Sustainable Development 
Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as was reiterated during COP 26. This made it increasingly 
difficult  to  promote  and  fund  our  fossil  fuel  energy  projects,  notwithstanding  intended  integration  of  renewable 
energy components in the development of these projects.   

The  underlying  strategic  concept  of  the  Kibo  Strategy  assumes  long  term  energy  solutions  as  a  key  enabler  for 
Sustainability  in  a  circular  economy.  Kibo  therefore  restated  its  strategy  to  advance  the  Company  as  a  significant 
developer of sustainable energy solutions, integrating renewable and alternative generation with energy storage. Kibo 
will therefore, forthwith, focus on the acquisition, development and operation of a portfolio of sustainable, renewable 
energy assets and dispose of, or reposition, our fossil fuel utility projects.  

The  establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  sustainable  project  pipeline  that  will  be  delivering  production  assets 
therefore remains a main high-level target. This requires exclusive focus on the rapidly expanding renewable and 
clean energy markets to produce a pipeline of new projects in the United Kingdom (“UK) and SADC (“Southern African 
Development Community”) Countries, some of which have already been acquired and currently being integrated into 
the Company structure.   

I am pleased to reflect on the joint investment with South African group Industrial Green Energy Solutions (IGES) to 
convert  un-recyclable  plastic  to  syngas  (using  pyrolysis)  in  energy  starved  South  Africa,  for  industrial  power 
production. We recently announced progress on the first of various projects in the project pipeline and look forward 
to the anticipated financial close later in 2022 of the first 2.7 MW phase, for which we have a private industrial off-
take  agreement.  Success  with  this  phase  will  bode  well  for  the  rapid  expansion  of  this  project  to  its  full  c.  8  MW 
potential.  It  will  also  bolster  the  development  of  the  project  pipeline,  aimed  at  a  conducive  South  African  energy 
market segment driven by the demand for Independent Power Producers and recent legislative restrictions on the 
disposal of certain plastics.As the UK Government sets out to deliver energy security and accelerate the transition to 
a low carbon economy it understands that it will require urgent and ambitious action at home and abroad. Its strategy 
continues to be based on the principle that independently regulated, competitive energy markets, are the most cost-
effective and efficient way of delivering its objectives. We are also leveraging our growing experience in the waste-to-
energy in the pursuit of various waste-to-energy opportunities in the UK-market. 

Our renewed strategy will benefit from the Company’s experience in the renewable energy sector in recent years. This 
has been acquired historically through our work in developing renewable energy and storage solutions for integration 
with its large utility coal projects as well as being the cornerstone promoter behind our 55% AIM subsidiary, Mast 
Energy Developments plc (“MED”). After MED completed a successful IPO on the London Stock Exchange in 2021, 
raising £5.54 million to acquire a 50 MW reserve power portfolio in the short to medium term it already has a 9 MW 
site in production, 5 MW site under construction, 4.4 MW in development and a further four sites totalling 29 MW in 
an advanced stage of acquisition.  

In terms of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), intangible assets with an indefinite life must be tested 
for impairment on an annual basis. The change in the Group’s strategy during 2021 to move toward renewable energy 
solutions,  coupled  with  global  divestments  in  fossil  fuel  assets,  resulted  therein  that  the  Group  recognised  an 
impairment  of  £20,088,240  related  to  its  coal  assets.  Notwithstanding  the  impairment,  the  disposal  plans  for  our 
legacy fossil fuel assets in Tanzania, Mozambique and Botswana, are progressing well with expressions of interest 
currently under evaluation. The result for the reporting period amounted to a loss of £23,148,155 for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (31 December 2020: £6,417,237
 as detailed further in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other 
Comprehensive Income, and further details on financial activities are detailed elsewhere in the Annual Report. The 
loss is primarily due to the impairment of non-current assets, referred to above. 

)

In  closing,  I  would  like  to  acknowledge  the  support  of  our  shareholders  and  all  stakeholders  as  we  position  the 
Company for a next exiting phase of development. I would like to thank our Board, as well as management under the 
strong leadership of our CEO, Louis Coetzee, for their vision, hard work and tenacity to take advantage of the new 
opportunities emerging in the green economy by re-positioning Kibo. 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
_____________________________ 
Chairman 

27 June 2022

3 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

Introduction 

Kibo’s  focus  during  2021  was  to  acquire  new  projects  to  underpin  its  strategy  to  advance  Kibo  as  a  significant 
developer of sustainable energy solutions, integrating Renewable and Alternative Generation with Energy Storage in 
the UK and Southern Africa. Leveraging its growing experience in these areas and its partner network, Kibo has been 
successful in establishing the project portfolio described below. 
Operations 

Sustineri Energy Joint Venture – Waste-to-Energy Project (South Africa) 

On 18 May 2021, we announced an agreement with South Africa-based Industrial Green Solutions (Pty) Ltd ('IGES') 
to jointly develop a portfolio of Waste to Energy projects in South Africa with an initial target of generating more than 
50 MW of electricity for sale to industrial users which was finalised at the end of July 2021.  

Under the terms of this agreement, Kibo has acquired 65% of Sustineri Energy (35% held by IGES), which holds an 
initial seven waste-to energy project pipeline utilising Pyrolysis technologies to convert waste non-recyclable plastics 
to syngas for the generation of energy.  The Pyrolysis technology will be supplied by a local international technology 
firm in the form of a waste to energy conversion plant with Syngas stored on site and fed into gas engines to generate 
electrical power. The agreement, which was completed in July 2021, requires Kibo to fund Sustineri, commencing 
with an amount of c. £560,000 as an equity loan for the development of this first project (“Project 1”) more details of 
which are given below. 

Project 1, the most advanced project, involves the development, construction, and operation of an 8 MW Base Load 
Waste to Energy Generation facility to be developed in 4 X 2 MW phases over about 3 years for 
business 
park developer in Gauteng, South Africa. A recent 10-year take-or-pay conditional Power Purchase Agreement (`PPA') 
to  generate  baseload  electricity  from  the  first  2.7  MW  phase  of  the  development  was  signed  by  the Off  taker  and 
announced by the Company in February 2022 together with a further update on this initial project.  

an industrial 

An  optimised  financial  model  for  the  first  2.7  MW  phase  1  (updated  from  initial  planned  2  MW)  of  Project  1  has 
provided an estimated Earnings Before Interest Tax Depreciation & Interest (EBITDA) of c. £18 million over the life 
of project of which an amount of c. £11.5 million is attributable to the Company and an Internal Rate of Return ("IRR") 
of between 11% - 14%. The Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) for the project is estimated at c. £8.35 million with financial 
close anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2022 with construction to commence in the first quarter of 2023 and taking 
between 11 and 14 months to complete. Project 1 is attracting strong funding interest (project and debt funding) from 
various investors with whom Sustineri is currently negotiating with a view to meeting its target financial close date 
in the fourth quarter this year.  

The Project will provide the business park with cleaner electricity, by making use of a high temperature pyrolysis 
process,  where  selected  non-recyclable  plastics  will  undergo  thermal  degradation  to  produce  high  quality  syngas, 
which will in turn feed gas engines to generate both electricity and heat energy. Additionally, there is potential to sell 
the heat energy generated as a by-product from the gas engines directly to customers inside the industrial park. A fuel 
feedstock  supply  agreement  is  already  in  place  with  a  waste  management  operator  for  100%  of  the  first  phase 
(2,7MW)  of  the  project  and  land  acquisition  and  waste  licensing  is  in  progress.  Air  emissions  License  and  grid 
connection approval processes are in progress. 

In addition to Project 1, there are at least 6 other projects at different sites identified and off-take discussions are 
planned in the short term. These additional projects can yield as much as 50 MW. Kibo will be developing the project 
portfolio with Lesedi Nuclear Services (Pty) Ltd as strategic partner for EPC and Operations and Management services. 
For South Africa, the Pyrolysis technology provides a perfect solution to the disposal of plastics in the country, which 
up  until  now  is  high  cost  and  subject  to  cumbersome  procedures  and  under  most  recent  legislation  prohibits  the 
disposal  of  plastics  with  a  CV  (Calorific  Value)  of  more  than  20  CV  in  landfill  facilities.  As  an  Independent  Power 
Producer, Sustineri will enable its industrial clients to operate independently from the National Utility, Eskom, and 
secure stable power supplies.  
Billingham Joint Venture – Waste-to-Energy Project (UK) 

In  September  2021,  Kibo  signed  a  Heads  of  Terms  with  AIM-listed  UK  company,  EQTEC  plc,  a  world-leading 
gasification  solutions  company,  to  acquire  a  54.54%  interest  in  its  proposed  25  MW  capacity  Billingham  waste 
gasification and power plant  at Haverton Hill, Teesside, UK. Under the Heads of Terms, it is expected that Kibo will 
acquire a 54.54% equity stake in a new project company (Project SPV) to be incorporated with EQTEC holding 45.46% 
with  the  final  holdings  to  be  confirmed  following  a  follow-on  shareholders’  agreement  which  is  currently  being 
4 
negotiated.

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

Billingham  is  at  an  advanced  stage  of  development  with  a  concept  design  for  the  full  plant  produced,  planning 
permission  approved,  grid  connection  secured  &  technical  due  diligence  with  technology  insurance  providers 
completed. The project is expected to annually process 200,000 metric tonnes of non-recyclable everyday municipal 
solid waste into 25 MW of green electricity, enough to power 50,000 homes. Under the Heads of Terms, Kibo's initial 
funding contribution will be £3 million paid as an equity subscription, plus convertible shareholder loan facilities, and 
Kibo  will  have  the  option  to  provide  additional  convertible  shareholder  loan  facilities  to  the  Project  SPV  and/or 
convert future project development fees into further equity in the project in the future.  

The Billingham project rights will be held by the Project SPV and will include all technology license agreements, all 
equipment supply and maintenance agreements with EQTEC and all rights to the site under the existing agreements 
with third parties. EQTEC will remain as the lead development manager on the Project, providing the design and core 
Advanced Gasification Technology and subsequently retaining the maintenance portion of the O&M contract upon 
commissioning.  
Legacy Coal Projects – Tanzania, Botswana and Mozambique 

Notwithstanding the successful transition toward the renewable energy strategy during the 2021 financial period, the 
Group continued to pursue the possible development of its Mbeya Coal to Power and Mabaseka Coal to Power Project 
during 2021, however the increase in global scepticism around the development of fossil fuel projects coupled with 
expansion  toward  renewable  energy  resulted  in  the  phasing  out  of  coal  assets  across  global  markets  in  lieu  of 
renewable energy assets.  These factors culminated in the Group performing an impairment assessment, as required 
by  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  for  intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  life,  as  the  carrying 
amount of the Mbeya Coal to Power and Mabaseka Coal to Power Project asset is unlikely to be recovered in full of 
successful development or by sale. Following various consultations with third parties, the Group concluded that the 
fair value of its coal asset was estimated to be approximately £5,504,216, which is significantly lower than the value 
in use determined in preceding financial periods as a result of the declining demand for fossil fuel projects and the 
Group’s move toward renewable energy solutions, as executed toward the latter part of the 2021 financial period.  

It was therefore concluded that an impairment of £20,088,240 was necessary in the 2021 financial period related 
specifically to the Mbeya Coal to Power and Mabaseka Coal to Power Projects. 

The Group still believes these coal deposits which still offer opportunities for commercialisation to parties with longer 
term investment horizons commensurate  with the further refinement of  new clean coal burning  technologies and 
conversion of coal to gas with associated carbon capture systems. 
Investments 

Mast Energy Developments Plc (“MED”) – Reserve Power (UK) 

During 2021, Kibo facilitated the IPO on the Official List of the London Stock Exchange plc by way of a Standard Listing 
of its equity interest in MAST Energy Developments plc, previously a wholly owned subsidiary, with MED raising £5.54 
million through Clear Capital Markets Ltd from its IPO. On the date of listing a market capitalisation of £23 million 
was allocated to MAST Energy Developments. Kibo retains a 55.37% equity interest in MED. 

Since its IPO in April 2021, MED has made solid  progress towards its target of assembling a portfolio of well-located 
flexible power sites in the UK of up to 300 MW of flexible power generating capacity within the next two to three 
years. During 2021 the company acquired and re-commissioned the fully operational 9 MW Pyebridge peaking power 
plant and a 4.4. MW shovel ready site at Rochdale for the development of a peaking power plant or a battery storage 
site, both sites being located in the West Midlands of the UK. These sites are in addition to the Bordesley site which is 
now  in  the  early  construction  phase  for  a  5  MW  peaking  power  plant.  Together  with  Pyebridge,  Rochdale  and 
Bordersley, MED is at an advanced stage of acquisition on three further UK sites which when completed will bring its 
total portfolio of projects, operational and under development/construction to 47 MW. Further information on these 
Katoro Gold Plc – Mineral Exploration (South Africa & Tanzania) 
projects and the latest MED updates can be found on its website at www.med.energy. 
The Company retains a 21% investment in Katoro Gold plc (AIM: KAT) where progress on its Tanzania and South

 African 
projects is being made at a steady pace during 2021. Unfortunately, a planned listing and IPO on the London Stock 
Exchange for the Blyvoor gold tailings joint venture in South Africa had to be postponed in December when one of the 
joint venture partners failed to meet all conditions precedent to enable the re-structuring of the joint venture holding 
structure in preparation for the planned listing.  

5 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 

While disappointing, Blyvoor remains a substantial gold asset, especially in light of the current gold price upsurge, 
with a clear path to commercial development clearly indicated, Katoro continues to explore funding options to enable 
it to construct a mine and put Blyvoor into production as soon as possible.  

On its Tanzanian projects, Katoro completed two phases of drilling on its Haneti Nickel-PGM Project in which it holds 
a 65% interest.  The results from a first phase comprising 1,965 meters of rotary air blast drilling completed in April 
2021 gave sufficient encouragement for a follow-on 900 meters diamond drilling programme which has recently been 
completed (February 2022), the results of which enables Katoro to refine the geological modelling and vector in on 
target areas for next stage work. Katoro also recently announced in March 2022 that it has regained a joint venture 
interest  in  the  Imweru  Gold  Project  in  Tanzania  which  it  had  previously  sold.  It  has  now  cancelled  the  sale  and 
restructured  the  transaction  as  an  incorporated  joint  venture  with  the  previous  purchaser,  private  Australian 
company, Lake Victoria Gold, to develop the gold asset. The joint venture provides for Lake Victoria Gold to earn up 
to 80% of the project by arranging all funding, while Katoro retains the remaining 20% as a carried interest. Further 
Corporate 
information on the Katoro projects and the latest updates can be found on its website at www.katorogold.com. 

During 2021 the Company issued 709,016,602, new ordinary shares at prices per shares between 0.2p and 0.4p. This 
comprised issue of 188,431,556 shares in respect of warrant exercises for which the Company received £697,726, a 
further 90,585,046 shares in settlement of invoices to service providers and in part settlement of outstanding debt 
and 430,000,000 shares in respect of a share subscription to private subscribers for which proceeds of £860,000 were 
received.  

Since period end and to the date of this report the Company has issued an additional 108,540,021 shares at a price 
per share of just under 0.2p to service providers, in payment of a facility implementation fee in respect of drawing 
down the first tranche of a loan facility negotiated with an institutional investor (the “Investor”) which was announced 
in February 2022 and payment in respect of remaining balance on loan (Sanderson settlement) announced in May 
2022. 

The loan facility noted above (the “Facility”) provides for an initial drawdown of £1m (the “Initial Advance”) which 
was availed of on signing of the Facility. Funds advanced under the Facility attract a fixed coupon interest rate of 3.5% 
and will be repayable with accrued interest, 4 months from the date of drawdown (due on 16 June 2022).  The investor 
shall receive warrants equal to 30% of each drawdown divided by the average of the daily VWAP for each of the 5 
consecutive trading days immediately prior to the applicable drawdown date ("Reference Price"), with a 36-month 
term to expiry from the date of issuance. The warrants are exercisable at a subscription price being equal to 130% of 
the  then  prevailing  Reference  Price.  If  the  share  price  of  the  Company  is  above  a  100%  premium  to  the  relevant 
exercise  price  for  30  consecutive  days,  then  50%  of  the  warrants  will  be  cancelled,  unless  otherwise  previously 
exercised. With regards to the Initial Advance, the Investor has received 168,274,625 warrants. In compliance with 
the Facility terms for the Initial Advance, the Company has issued shares in settlement of a facility implementation 
fee of £70k in the amount of 39,264,079 new ordinary Kibo shares of €0.001 each at a deemed price of 0.17828 pence 
per share (the "Implementation Fee Shares"). 

Kibo settled an outstanding amount of £339,437 pursuant to the Forward Payment Facility signed between Sanderson 
Capital Partners Ltd and the Company in December 2016, in cash and shares, during the year. The share component 
comprised £169,718 (50% of the total) for which we issued 65,276,346 new shares at a deemed value of 0.26p per 
share. The remaining amount outstanding on this loan of £89,788.88 was settled after period end in May 2022 by the 
issue of 56,118,047 shares at a deemed value of £0.0016. 

At an EGM held on 22 February 2021 the shareholders of Kibo approved resolutions to permit the migration of the 
Company’s dematerialised shares held through CREST to Euroclear Nominees Ltd (the “Eurobank Migration”). The 
Eurobank Migration was required to allow shareholders to continue to hold the Company shares in dematerialised 
form following the UK’s exit from the EU and this successfully completed on the 12 March 2021. 

Louis Coetzee 
_______________________________ 
Chief Executive Officer 

27 June 2022

6 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

The Kibo board (the “Board”) aims to conform to its statutory responsibilities and industry good practice in relation 
to corporate governance of Kibo Energy plc (“Kibo” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (together with Kibo, the 
“Group”). The Board has adopted the latest version of the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) (“QCA Code”) and 
endeavours to follow its ten principles (“the Principles”) with due regard to the stage of development of the Company. 

In addition to my role as non-executive chairman of the Board, I am also the chairman of the Company’s Governance 
Committee and retain primary responsibility for the design, implementation, articulation, review and updates of the 
Company’s  corporate  governance  policy.  The  Governance  Committee  meets  at  least  once  a  year  and  makes 
recommendations  to  the  Board  to  ensure  the  Company’s  corporate  governance  policy  remains  aligned  with  the 
Principles as it grows. 

The following are the principal ways in which the Company meets these requirements. 
1. Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for shareholders

The  Company  has  established  a  strategy  and  business  model  which  it  believes  will  promote  long  term  value  for 
shareholders.  This  business  model  spans  the  Group’s  financial,  technical  and  operational  areas  and  is  continually 
updated as its project portfolio expand. The Company believes its current business model will deliver long term value 
to shareholders by providing diverse exposure to the growing demand-led energy markets in sub-Saharan Africa and 
the UK. It further believes that this business model is appropriate to protect the Company from unnecessary risk and 
secure its long-term future. 
2. Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations

The Company seeks to understand and  meet shareholder needs and expectations  by engaging with them across a 
range of platforms including regular investor presentations, Q&A forums, investor relations company services, social 
media sites and at its Annual General Meeting where the Board encourages the active participation of shareholders 
on  important  and  relevant  matters,  including  the  Group’s  strategy,  financial  performance,  and  operational  and 
commercial  developments.  The  Company  provides  phone  numbers  on  its  RNS  and  SENS  announcements  where 
shareholders  can  contact  the  appropriate  senior  Company  representatives  or  advisors  directly  with  their  queries 
together with a dedicated email address for shareholder feedback. The Board receives regular shareholder feedback 
and provides prompt responses through all these communication channels and therefore believes it adequately meets 
its shareholders expectations in this regard.  
3. Consider wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for long-term success

The  Company  firmly  believes  that  the  energy  development  projects  that  form  the  basis  of  its  business  model  will 
substantially benefit the countries and regions in which it operates. It fosters a culture of open communication with 
all stakeholders who may be impacted by its activities. Its strategy and business model are designed to minimise any 
negative impact of its activities on the communities where it operates and on the environment. 

The Company’s project areas are located in South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique and the United Kingdom. 
Staff  and  locally  appointed  representatives  at  the  Company’s  project  offices  provide  a  first  point  of  contact  for 
stakeholders to receive information on the Company’s activities and provide feedback on any issues or concerns they 
may have. The Company has appointed dedicated liaison officers to communicate with stakeholder groups e.g. local 
&  regional  government  officials,  central  government  departments,  community  groups  and  local  suppliers  to  keep 
them continuously updated  on project activities and plans. Management conveys to the Board in a timely manner 
through formal reporting channels and at operational review meetings any substantive concerns of stakeholders and 
where necessary, the Board mandates appropriate action be taken to address these concerns. 

In  support  of  the  Company’s  social  responsibility  towards  the  local  communities  among  which  it  works,  it  has 
implemented a Corporate Social Responsibility Plan (“CSR Plan”). The first phase of this plan saw the building and 
refurbishment of school buildings in two local villages close to its MCPP project in southern Tanzania. As the company 
has undertaken a strategic shift in its business away from mineral resource projects to renewable energy projects in 
the last year, it is currently updating its CSR Plan to focus on its new projects in the UK and Africa and implement new 
initiatives specifically tailored to its new areas of operation.

7 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Successive  phases  of  this  CSR  Plan  will  be  implemented  commensurate  with  and  contingent  on  the  construction, 
commissioning  and  management  of  its  waste-to-energy  and  solar  projects  which  are  still  in  the  early  stages  of 
development. These phases will include, inter alia, support of health care, education & employment opportunities, 
local business development and public infrastructure development.  
4. Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats,  throughout  the
organisation

The Board has considered mechanisms by which the business and the financial risks facing the Group are managed 
and reported to the Board. The principal business and financial risks have been identified and control procedures 
implemented. The Board acknowledges its responsibility for reviewing the effectiveness of the systems that are in 
place to manage risk and to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance on the safeguarding of the Group’s assets 
against misstatement or loss. 

The major risks facing the Company are clearly identified in the Directors’ Report on page 14. The Company relies on 
internal and external assessments of its systems for managing risk and it believes the continuous implementation of 
recommendations from these reviews provide the Board with adequate assurance that its systems for managing risks 
are effective. 

The Company’s Audit Committee is the primary body that is tasked with identifying, assessing and managing risk. The 
principal risks identified across all aspects of the Company’s operation include, inter alia, risks associated with foreign 
exchange,  strategy,  funding,  staffing,  political  stability  and  commercial  activities.  The  Audit  Committee  regularly 
reviews reports from Management across all financial and operational activities enabling it to identify and assess risks 
and make recommendations to the Board where appropriate for mitigation. Similarly, it also informs the Board where 
it identifies business opportunities that may be beneficial to the Company. The Audit Committee’s other core function 
is  to  review  and,  if  in  order,  recommend  the  annual  financial  statement  to  the  Board  for  approval.  Where  the 
Company’s auditors have identified risks or any shortcomings in accounting procedures, the Audit Committee brings 
these to the Board’s attention for mitigation and/or rectification. The Audit Committee Report on page 27 provides 
further details on the committee’s activities during 2021. 

The  Company  maintains  a  Risk  Register  which  is  updated  quarterly.  This  document  is  the  cornerstone  of  its  Risk 
Management Policy and a key tool in monitoring the effectiveness of remedial action proposed by the Audit Committee 
on an on-going basis. 
5. Maintain the board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair

The Board regularly meets to monitor and approve the strategy and business model for the Group. 

The Board comprises a non-executive chairman, two executive directors and two non-executive directors. One of the 
non-executive  directors  (Christian  Schaffalitzky),  the  Chairman,  is  considered  by  the  Board  to  be  an  independent 
director. The Board considers non-executive directors to be independent when they are independent of Management 
and free from any business or relationship that would materially interfere with the exercise of independent judgment 
as a Board member. 

The Executive directors comprise the Company’s CEO and Capital Projects Director who dedicate 100% of their time 
to the Group. The non-executive directors dedicate as much time as is required for them to fully carry out their duties 
for the Group including overseeing corporate governance arrangements and serving on board committees. One of the 
non-executive directors, Noel O’Keeffe, also serves as the Company secretary. The functions and composition of the 
various Board sub-committees are outlined in Section 9 below. 

The Board alone is responsible for: 

approval of Financial Statements and Annual Report;

formulating, reviewing and approving the Group’s budgets and major items of capital expenditure;
formulating the Group’s major policies and strategy;

•
•
• monitoring and reviewing the Group’s performance and achievement of goals;
•
• major contracts and transactions;
•
•
•

board and management structure and appointments (the whole Board acts as the Nominations Committee);
effectiveness and integrity of internal control and management information systems; and
overall corporate governance of the Group.

8 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

An agenda and all supporting documentation are circulated to the directors before each Board meeting. Open and 
timely access to all information is provided to directors to enable them to bring independent judgement on issues 
affecting the Group and facilitate them in discharging their duties. The Board met seventeen (17) times during the last 
financial year to 31 December 2021 with on average >90% attendance during this period. 

In accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company, one third of the Board is required to retire each year 
at  the  Company’s  AGM  but  directors  so  resigning  can  put  their  name  forward  for  re-election.  The  Board  sets  the 
Group’s strategy and monitors its implementation through management and financial performance reviews. It also 
works to ensure that adequate resources are available to implement strategy in a timely manner. 

The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties 
and responsibilities the Board implements control procedures, such as quarterly operational review meetings, that 
assess and manage risk and ensure robust financial and operational management within the Group. 
6. Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities

The Board considers that there is an appropriate balance between the Executives and non-executive directors and 
that no individual or small group dominates the Board’s decision making. The Board’s members have a wide range of 
expertise and experience which the Board considers to be conducive to the effective leadership of the Group and to 
the optimisation of shareholder value.  

The  Board  members’  diverse  range  of  skills  and  experience  span  technical,  financial,  operational  and  legal  areas 
relevant  to  the  management  of  the  Company.  Summary  biographies  of  each  Board  member  are  shown  on  the 
Company’s website and in the Directors’ Report on page 14. Directors keep their skill sets up to date by attendance 
at,  and  participation  in,  various  events  organised  by  their  respective  industry  sectors  and/or  by  participation  in 
continuing professional development courses.  

As the Company evolves, the Board composition will be reviewed to ensure appropriate expertise is always in place 
to support its business activities. It strives to align directors’ responsibilities with their individual skills so they can 
optimally contribute to its current strategy and business model. While the Board has not yet adopted any formal policy 
on gender balance, ethnicity or age group, it is committed to fair and equal opportunity and fostering diversity subject 
to ensuring appointees are appropriately qualified and experienced for their roles. The Company acknowledges that 
as it expands and grows its operations, it will be to its benefit to align its Board composition to reflect balance in the 
ethnicity and gender of its members. 

The  Company  retains  the  services  of 
investor  relations, 
technical/engineering  and  IT  fields  that  are  always  available  to  the  Board.  These  advisors  provide  support  and 
guidance to the Board and complement the Company’s internal expertise. 
7. Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement

independent  advisors  across 

financial, 

legal, 

The  performance  of  the  Board  and  Management  of  the  Company  is  evaluated  on  an  on-going  basis  by  the 
Remuneration  Committee  (“Remcom”).  The  results  of  these  evaluations  are  reflected  in  changes  in  the  Executive 
remuneration  levels  recommended  by  the  Remcom  from  time  to  time  and  in  awards  under  the  Company’s  Share 
Option and Management Incentive Schemes where it considers such awards are warranted. Remuneration levels are 
benchmarked against peer companies while performance awards are based on meeting pre-defined milestones such 
as successful project acquisitions or completion of significant project development phases. As the Company grows, 
the  Board  will  develop  more  comprehensive  human  resource  policies  to  provide  both  internal  and  external 
performance  evaluations  of  its  Board,  senior  management  and  staff  including  the  provision  for  upskilling  where 
necessary and to provide for Board member succession planning. 

The Board considers that the corporate governance policies it has currently in place for Board performance reviews 
is commensurate with the size and development stage of the Company. 

9 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

8. Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviour

The Company operates across several countries including Ireland, UK, Cyprus, South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana and 
Mozambique. In line with its international reach, the Company recognises the cultural diversity both internally and 
among its business partners, service providers and other stakeholders. The Board promotes corporate values that 
reflect its commitment to provide equal opportunity to all subject to its core principles that demand the adoption of 
ethical  values  and  conduct  at  all  times.  In  this  regard  it  has  developed  robust  whistle-blower  and  anti-corruption 
policies that Board, management, staff and service providers have signed up to. The Company’s Anti-Corruption policy 
requires  all  Group  personnel  to  declare  conflicts  of  interest  in  any  dealings  on  behalf  of  the  Group  and  to  excuse 
themselves from any negotiation on behalf of, or with, the Company in such circumstances. 

While the Company has  not adopted a  formal Code  of  Conduct at  board level, management and staff  behaviour is 
governed by the terms of individual employment (and supplier) contracts whose terms reflect the ethics and values 
of the Group.  Together  with other Company policies such as its whistle-blower and anti-corruption policies noted 
above, these establish a high standard of values and behaviour to which all personnel working for, or on behalf, of the 
Group  are  expected  to  adhere  to.  The  Board  monitors  compliance  with  its  ethical  values  through  feedback  from 
Management and has disciplinary procedures in place to take corrective action where required. 
9. Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making
by the board

The  Company  has  developed  and  adopted  a  variety  of  plans,  policies,  and  procedures  as  part  of  its  corporate 
governance  framework  to  ensure  that  the  Company  is  run  in  an  efficient,  effective  and  responsible  manner.  Key 
policies include: 
Board Governance Plan 

The Board Governance Plan is integrated into a Corporate Procedures Manual which sets out corporate governance 
structure and includes the terms of reference for the various Board Committees. In addition, the Corporate Procedures 
Manual outlines: 

high level financial controls;
information system environment;
forecasting & budget procedures;
treasury operations;
accounting policies;
financial accounting procedures; and

•
•
•
•
•
•
• management reporting framework.
Securities Trading/Share Dealing Policy 

The  Company’s  Share  Dealing  Code  sets  out  the  Company’s  policy,  procedures  and  restrictions  for  directors, 
management, staff and insiders in dealings in the Company’s shares. It is compliant with AIM and FCA Rules and with 
the Company’s obligations under the Market Abuse Directive (2016). 
Continuous Disclosure and Market Communications Policy 

The Company’s policy is governed by the AIM Rules and the JSE Rules and all applicable national financial regulation 
in the UK, Ireland and South Africa. 
Risk Management Policy 

The Company has developed a Risk Register which is reviewed on a quarterly basis. The Risk Register reviews the 
risks around each aspect of management and operations and is scored by each Executive member of the Board in 
terms of probability and impact to derive an overall risk profile for the Company. The Risk Register also records the 
steps that are being taken to mitigate the major risks identified. 

10 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Health and Safety Policy & Procedures 

All operating companies within the Group have their own Health and Safety Policy and Procedures (“HSE Policy”) 
tailored  to  the  particular  jurisdiction  and  environment  in  which  they  are  active.  The  Board  retains  overall 
responsibility  to  ensure  appropriate  HSE  Policy  is  in  place  at  all  times  and  reviews  this  at  its  operations’  review 
meetings.
Environmental Policy 

Kibo is committed to high standards of environmental protection across our business. Our goal is to protect people, 
minimise harm to the environment, integrate biodiversity considerations and reduce disruption to our neighbouring 
communities.  We  seek  to  achieve  continuous  improvement  in  our  environmental  protection  performance.  The 
Company  will significantly expand and escalate our actions to meet our commitment to environmental protection 
commensurate  with  the  start  of  plant  construction  and  energy  production  on  our  projects.  The  results  of 
environmental impact reports already completed and in progress across our projects will be used to carefully plan 
for environmental risk assessments and implement mitigating measures to protect the environment in association 
with relevant government bodies and local communities. 
Anti-corruption and bribery Policy 

The  Company’s  Anti-corruption  and  bribery  policy  is  in  place  to  ensure  that  all  directors,  management,  staff  and 
suppliers to the Group conduct themselves in an honest and ethical manner at all times. It meets the requirements of 
the UK Bribery Act 2010. 
Whistleblowing Policy 

The Company’s Whistleblowing Policy is informed by Whistleblowing Arrangements Code of Practice issued by the 
British Standards Institute and Public Concern at Work. Its objectives are: 

•

•
•

to encourage Group personnel to report suspected wrongdoing as soon as possible, in the knowledge that
their concerns will be taken seriously and investigated as appropriate, and that their confidentiality will be
respected;
to provide Group personnel with guidance as to how to raise those concerns; and
to reassure Group personnel that they should be able to raise genuine concerns in good faith without fear of
reprisals, even if they turn out to be mistaken.

IT, communications and systems procedures 

IT, communications and systems procedures are included in the Company’s Corporate Procedures Manual and are 
designed to ensure a robust, upgradeable and secure IT system, with appropriate back-up to ensure any system failure 
will not be catastrophic for the continued operations of the Company. 

The Chairman is responsible for providing leadership to the Board while the day-to-day management of the Group is 
delegated to the Executive Committee lead by the CEO. The CEO is primarily  responsible for the Group’s business 
performance  and  manages  the  Group  in  accordance  with  the  strategies  and  business  plan.  The  independent  non-
executive  directors  are  responsible  for  providing  independent  advice  and  are  considered  by  the  Board  to  be 
independent of Management. 

The Board/senior officer committees are the Governance Committee, Executive Committee, Remuneration Committee 
Audit Committee, and the Nomination Committee. 
Governance Committee: 

Comprises two non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least once a year to review 
the Company’s ongoing compliance with the QCA Code and to make recommendations to the Board where it judges 
that there is a requirement to update, replace or expand corporate governance policies and procedures in line with 
current  activities.  The  Governance  Committee  is  chaired  by  Christian  Schaffalitzky  and  the  other  member  is  Noel 
O’Keeffe. 
Executive Committee:

 Comprises two executive directors and two senior Company officers: The Committee meets 
at least once a month. The Executive Committee is the core senior management team in the Company responsible for 
day to day management and operations. Its terms of reference are defined in the Company’s Corporate Procedures 
Manual. The Executive Committee is chaired by Louis Coetzee and the other members are Christiaan Schutte (Capital 
11 
Projects Director), Louis Scheepers (COO) and Cobus van der Merwe (CFO) who replaced Pieter Krugel in May 2022.

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Remuneration Committee:

 Comprises two non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least once a year to 
determine  Company  policy  on  senior  executive  remuneration,  to  make  detailed  recommendations  to  the  Board 
regarding the remuneration packages of the executive directors and to consider awards under the Company’s Share 
Option  and  Management  Incentive  Award  schemes.  The  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  consulted  on  remuneration 
packages and policy but does not attend discussions regarding his own package. The remuneration and terms and 
conditions of the appointment of non-executive directors are determined by the Board. The Remuneration Committee 
is chaired by Christian Schaffalitzky and the other member is Andreas Lianos.  
Audit Committee:

 Comprises two non-executive directors. The Committee meets at least twice a year to consider the 
scope of the annual audit and the interim financial statements and to assess the effectiveness of the Group’s system 
of  internal  financial  controls  and  risk  management  systems.  It  reviews  the  results  of  the  external  audit,  its  cost 
effectiveness and the objectives of the auditor. Given the size of the Group, the Audit Committee considers that an 
internal  audit  function  is  not  currently  justified.  The  Audit  Committee  is  chaired  by  Andrew  Lianos,  ACA,  CA(SA), 
ACMA,  CIA.  who  serves  as  a  non-executive  Director.  The  other  member  of  the  Audit  Committee  is  Christian 
Schaffalitzky. 
Nomination Committee:

 Comprises the entire Board. The principal objectives of the Committee are to monitor and 
review the Board structure, size, composition and the mix of skills and expertise to ensure that these are in line with 
the Group’s strategies and to consider potential candidates for directorship. 

 The  selection  criteria  for  selection  and  recruitment  of  the  potential  candidates  for  directorship  shall  include 
qualifications of the individual, experience, knowledge and achievements, credibility and background and ability of 
the candidates to contribute effectively to the Board and Group. The Nomination Committee also oversees succession 
planning of directors, taking into account the relative experience of each Board member in relation to the Company’s 
requirements  given  its  stage  of  development  and  strategies,  with  the  goal  of  having  in  place  an  adequate  and 
sufficiently experienced board at all times. 

The  Company’s  Corporate  Procedures  Manual  includes  a  schedule  of  matters  that  are  reserved  as  the  sole 
responsibility of the Board. These matters, in addition to setting strategy for the Company, include, but are not limited 
to, Board nominations and appointments, approval of acquisitions and disposals and approval of annual budgets and 
financings. 
10. Communicate  how  the  company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders

The Board recognises the importance of establishing and maintaining good relationship with Kibo’s shareholders and 
other  stakeholders.  The  Board  is  responsible  for  ensuring  satisfactory  dialogue  with  shareholders  throughout  the 
year.  In  order  to  establish  and  maintain  good  relationships  with  the  shareholders  of  Kibo,  and  to  maintain 
transparency  and  accountability  to  its  shareholders,  Kibo  uses  various  means  to  continuously  communicate  and 
disseminate timely information to shareholders and stakeholders: 

annual and interim reports;
circulars;
annual general meetings of shareholders;
investor presentations and briefings;
Q&A forums and social media sites;

• market announcements on regulatory platforms (RNS and SENS);
•
•
•
•
•
• website at www.kibo.energy; and
•

via  investor  relations  professionals  at  St.  Brides  Partners  Ltd  (contact  person:  Isabel  de  Salis  /  Charlotte
Hollinshead Tel: +44 (0) 207236 1177)

The Company’s Audit Committee Report is presented  on  page 27 and provides further  details on the committee’s 
activities during 2021, and while a separate report from the Remuneration Committee was not produced due to the 
size of the Company, the Company intends to review this requirement on an annual basis. 

12 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 

Conclusion 

The Company believes that its governance structures and practices as detailed above comply with the expectations of 
the QCA Code in all material respects. It also acknowledges its obligations under the Code to continually monitor and 
further develop the scope and suitability of its governance structures in line with its growth. The Company continued 
to update its Plans, Policies and Procedures itemised at 9 above during 2021 to ensure it remains in compliance with 
the QCA Code. 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
___________________________ 
Chairman 
Governance Committee 

27 June 2022

13 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Board of Directors present their Annual Report together with the audited annual financial statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2021. 

The  Board  comprises  a  non-executive  chairman,  two  executive  directors  and  two  non-executive  directors.  As  the 
Company evolves, the Board will be reviewed and expanded if necessary to ensure appropriate expertise is always in 
place to support its business activities. 

The Board is responsible for the supervision and control of the Company and is accountable to the shareholders. The 
Board  has  reserved  decision-making  on  a  variety  of  matters  and  is  responsible  for  formulating,  reviewing  and 
approving the Company's strategy, budgets, major items of capital expenditure and acquisitions, as well as reviewing 
the performance of management. 

An  agenda  and  all  supporting  documentation are  circulated  to  all  directors  before  each  Board meeting.  Open  and 
timely access to all information is provided to all directors to enable them to bring independent judgement on issues 
affecting the Company and facilitate them in discharging their duties. 
Role of Directors 

All Board members ensure that appropriate governance procedures are adhered to and there is a clear division of 
responsibilities at Board level to ensure a balance of power and authority so that no one individual has unfettered 
powers of decision making. The role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are not held by the same director. The 
Chairman is a non-executive director.  

Board and Audit Committee meetings have been taking  place periodically and the executive directors manage the 
daily Company operations with the Board meetings taking place on a regular basis throughout the financial period. 
During the current reporting period the Board met seventeen (17) times and provided pertinent information to the 
Executive Committee of the Company.

Directors are entitled, in consultation with the Chairman, to seek independent professional advice about the affairs of 
the  Company,  at  the  Company’s  expense.  The  composition,  roles  and  responsibilities  of  the  board  committees 
established by the Company are set out in the Corporate Governance Report.
Board Composition 

At the date of this report, the board of directors comprised: 

Christian Schaffalitzky - Chairman (non-executive) 
Louis Coetzee - Chief Executive Officer (executive) 
Christiaan Schutte- Director of Capital Projects (executive) 
Andreas Lianos – Chairman of the Audit Committee (non-executive) 
Noel O’Keeffe - Technical Director (non-executive) 
Christian Schaffalitzky, BA (Mod), FIMMM, PGeo, CEng, Age 68 – Chairman (non-executive and independent) 

Christian Schaffalitzky has over 40 years’ experience in minerals exploration and is Executive Chairman of Eurasia 
Mining  plc,  a  company  trading  on  AIM.  From  1984  to  1992,  he  founded  and  managed  the  international  minerals 
consultancy,  CSA  Group,  now  CSA  Global  Pty  Ltd.  Christian  was  a  founder  of  Ivernia  West  plc,  where  he  led  the 
exploration,  discovery  and  development  of  the  Lisheen  zinc  deposit  in  Ireland.  More  recently,  he  was  a  managing 
director  of  Ennex  International  plc,  an  Irish  quoted  mineral  exploration  company,  focused  on  zinc  development 
projects. He has also been engaged in precious and base metal mineral exploration and development in the former 
Soviet Union and is a former independent director on the boards of Russian companies, Raspadskaya Coal Company 
and Chelyabinsk Zinc. He is also on the board of MetalNRG and several private resource ventures. 

14 

 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Louis Coetzee, BA, MBA, Age 58 – Chief Executive Officer (executive) 

Louis Coetzee has over 27 years’ experience in business development, promotion and financing in both the public and 
private  sector.  In  recent  years,  he  has  concentrated  on  the  exploration  and  mining  arena  where  he  has  founded, 
promoted and developed a number of junior mineral exploration companies based mainly on Tanzanian assets. Louis 
has tertiary qualifications in law and languages, project management, supply chain management and an MBA from 
Bond University (Australia) specialising in entrepreneurship, and business planning and strategy. He has worked in 
various project management and business development roles mostly in the mining industry throughout his career. 
Between 2007 and 2009, he held the position of Vice-President, Business Development with Canadian listed Great 
Basin  Gold  (TSX:  CBG).  Mr.  Coetzee  is  also  Executive  Chairman  of  AIM-listed  Katoro  Gold  plc  and  Non-Executive 
Chairman of LSE (Standard List) Mast Energy Developments Plc in which Kibo has a significant shareholding. 
Noel O’Keeffe, BSc (Hons), Geology, MBA, CG (Affiliated), Age 58 – Technical Director (non-executive) and 
Company Secretary 

Noel O’Keeffe has over 30 years’ experience in mineral exploration and has worked on a variety of base metal and 
gold  projects  in  Ireland,  Canada,  Australia  and  Africa.  Prior  to  co-founding  Kibo  in  2008  he  worked  as  a  quality 
coordinator with Boston Scientific (Ireland) Ltd, a multinational medical device company. He also worked part-time 
for Irish geological services group, Aurum Exploration Ltd during 2003 and early 2004. During the mid-nineties he 
was  exploration  manager  with  Ormonde  Mining  plc  in  Tanzania,  a  company  currently  listed  on  the  Irish  Stock 
Exchange and on AIM. Previously Noel was a senior geological consultant with BDA Consultants Limited and worked 
on  both  government  and  private  sector  contracts.  Earlier  in  his  career,  Noel  worked  as  a  geologist  for  Burmin 
Exploration and Development plc and for its Canadian and Australian subsidiaries. 
Andreas (Andrew) Lianos, CA(SA), ACA, ACMA, Age 55 – Chairman of the Audit Committee (non-executive) 

Andrew is a chartered accountant, certified management accountant,  registered internal auditor and  JSE  qualified 
executive  who  started  his  professional  career  in  1989  with  Grant  Thornton  International.  Andrew  entered  the 
corporate finance industry in 1994 by joining Deloitte & Touche Corporate Finance. In 1996 he joined Merrill Lynch 
Corporate Finance and  was  part of the team that founded Labyrinth Corporate Finance during 1997. He has been 
intimately  involved  in  a  number  of  IPOs  since  the  bull  market  of  the  90’s  to  date,  and  has  substantial  transaction 
experience  in  the  resources,  food-  and  leisure  industries.  Andrew  serves  on  the  boards  of  a  number  of  public 
companies and co-founded River Group in 1998. He has since been involved in a number of successful RTOs and IPOs 
on the JSE, TSX, ASX and LSE, cross-border restructurings and resources transactions in Canada, the Central African 
Republic, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and South Africa. 
Chris Schutte B(Eng) Mech, MBL, Age 60 – Capital Projects’ Director (Executive) 

Chris has more than 30 years’ experience in the Energy Sector in Southern Africa. This includes 27 years working for 
Eskom (Electricity Utility in South Africa) in various positions including Power Station Manager and Senior General 
Manager. He also worked for Tongaat Hulett as Energy Consultant developing a bagasse fired power station. In 2012 
he joined an Energy Development Company that works in Mozambique and is AIM listed. He was appointed as non-
executive director and later as Executive Director for a period of 5 years. Chris has extensive experience in power 
station development, construction and management. He also understands the Southern African energy environment 
and has extensive of experience in EPC processes and negotiations. 
Role of Technical Director 

The Technical Director role of Mr. O’Keeffe is not an executive function, and neither is he a member of the executive 
committee of the Company. He provides his services as Technical Director on a part time basis independent of his 
positions as non-executive director.  

15 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Review of Business Developments throughout the year to date 

In June 2021 Kibo announced a significant strategy shift, largely prompted by a global surge in clean energy policies 
and investment aimed at putting the energy system on track to achieve the global Sustainable Development Goals of 
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as was reiterated during COP 26. This made it increasingly difficult to 
promote  and  fund  the  fossil  fuel  energy  projects,  notwithstanding  intended  integration  of  renewable  energy 
components in the development of these projects.   

The  underlying  strategic  concept  of  the  Kibo  Strategy  assumes  long  term  energy  solutions  as  a  key  enabler  for 
Sustainability  in  a  circular  economy.  Kibo  therefore  restated  its  strategy  to  advance  the  Company  as  a  significant 
developer of sustainable energy solutions, integrating renewable and alternative generation with energy storage. Kibo 
will therefore, forthwith, focus on the acquisition, development and operationalisation of a portfolio of sustainable, 
renewable energy assets and dispose of, or reposition, our fossil fuel utility projects.  

The  establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  sustainable  project  pipeline  that  will  be  delivering  production  assets 
therefore remains a main high-level target. This requires exclusive focus on the rapidly expanding renewable and 
clean energy markets to produce a pipeline of new projects in the United Kingdom (“UK) and SADC Countries, some 
of which have already been acquired and currently being integrated into the Company structure.   

The joint investment with South African group Industrial Green Energy  Solutions (IGES), to convert un-recyclable 
plastic to syngas (using pyrolysis) in energy starved South Africa for industrial power production, has also progressed 
further. Kibo recently announced progress on the first of various projects in the project pipeline and look forward to 
the anticipated financial close later in 2022 of the first 2.7 MW phase, for which Kibo has a private industrial off-take 
agreement. Success with this phase will bode well for the rapid expansion of this project to its full c. 8 MW potential. 
It will also bolster the development of the project pipeline, aimed at a conducive South African energy market segment 
driven by the demand for Independent Power Producers and recent legislative restrictions on the disposal of certain 
plastics. 

As the UK Government set out to deliver energy security and accelerate the transition to a low carbon economy it 
understands that it will require urgent and ambitious action at home and abroad. The UK’s strategy continues to be 
based  on  the  principle  that  independently  regulated,  competitive  energy  markets,  are  the  most  cost-effective  and 
efficient way of delivering its objectives. Kibo is also leveraging its growing experience in the waste-to-energy in the 
pursuit of various waste-to-energy opportunities in the UK-market. 

Kibo’s renewed strategy will benefit from the Company’s experience in the renewable energy sector in recent years. 
This  has  been  acquired  historically  through  our  work  in  developing  renewable  energy  and  storage  solutions  for 
integration  with  its  large  utility  coal  projects  as  well  as  being  the  cornerstone  promoter  behind  our  55%  AIM 
subsidiary,  Mast  Energy  Developments  plc  (“MED”).  After  MED  completed  a  successful  IPO  on  the  London  Stock 
Exchange in 2021, raising £5.54 million to acquire of a c. 50 MW reserve power portfolio in the short to medium term 
it already has a 9 MW site in production, 5 MW site under construction, 4.4 MW in development and a further four 
sites totalling 29 MW in an advanced stage of acquisition.  

 In terms of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), intangible assets with an indefinite life must be tested 
for  impairment  on  an  annual  basis.  The  change  in  the  Group’s  strategy  during  2021  to  move  toward  renewable 
energies coupled with global divestments in fossil fuel assets, resulted therein that the Group recognised impairment 
of £20,088,240 related to its coal assets. Notwithstanding the impairment, the disposal plans for our legacy fossil fuel 
assets in Tanzania, Mozambique and Botswana, are progressing  well with expressions of  interest currently under 
evaluation. The result for the reporting period amounted to a loss of £23,148,155 for the year ended 31 December 
2021 (31 December 2020: £6,417,237
 as detailed further in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive 
Income, and further details on financial activities are detailed elsewhere in the Annual Report. The loss is primarily 
due to the impairment of non-current assets, referred to above 
Post Statement of Financial Position events

)

Settlement of Outstanding Fees to Directors and Management 

Kibo settled outstanding fees owing to directors and management through the issue of a 7% convertible loan note 
redeemable instrument. The convertible instrument provides for the issue of unsecured redeemable convertible loan 
notes of integral multiples of £1 each to the aggregate amount of £672,824. The subscriptions for the notes shall be 
used  to  fund  the  Company’s  working  capital  requirements  related  to  outstanding  salaries  and  fees  due  to 
management, directors and former directors who are the sole subscribers to the notes. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Appointment of Shard Capital Partners LLP as Joint Broker 

Kibo appointed Shard Capital Partners LLP as joint broker to the Company with immediate effect, to act alongside 
Hybridan LLP, who remains the Company's joint broker, and RFC Ambrian Ltd, who remains nominated advisor. 
Power Purchase Agreement on South Africa Waste to Energy Project – Sustineri Energy (Pty) Ltd

Kibo entered a 10-year take-or-pay conditional Power Purchase Agreement (`PPA') to generate baseload electricity 
from  a  2.7  MW  plastic-to-syngas  power  plant.  The  plant  will  be  constructed,  commissioned  and  operated  for  an 
Industrial Business Park Developer in Gauteng, South Africa. The project, is the first project under Sustineri Energy 
(Pty) Ltd, a joint venture in which Kibo holds 65% and the balance of 35% is held by Industrial Green Energy Solutions 
(Pty) Ltd. 
Signing of Funding Facility Agreement with Institutional Investor and Issue of Shares in lieu of Payment 

Kibo signed a bridging loan facility agreement with an institutional investor for up to £3m with a term of up to 36 
months.  The  facility  provides  for  an  initial  drawdown  of  £1m  which  is  immediately  available  to  the  Company  on 
signing of the facility. Funds advanced under the facility will attract a fixed coupon interest rate of 3.5% and will be 
repayable with accrued interest, 4 months from the date of drawdown. 

The Investor shall receive warrants equal to 30% of each drawdown divided by the average of the daily VWAP for 
each of the 5 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the applicable drawdown date, with a 36-month term to 
expiry from the date of issuance. The warrants are exercisable at a subscription price being equal to 130% of the then 
prevailing reference price. If the share price of the Company is above a 100% premium to the relevant exercise price 
for  30  consecutive  days,  then  50%  of  the  warrants  will  be  cancelled,  unless  otherwise  previously  exercised.  With 
regards to the initial advance, the Investor will receive 168,274,625 warrants. 

In compliance with the facility terms for the initial advance, the Company has issued shares in settlement of a facility 
implementation fee of £70k in the amount of 39,264,079 new ordinary Kibo shares of €0.001 each at a deemed price 
of 0.17828 pence per share. Additionally, the Company has issued 13,157,895 new ordinary Kibo shares of €0.001 
each  at  0.19  pence  per  share  to  certain  providers  of  financial  and  technical  services  in  payment  of  outstanding 
invoices. 
Convertible Instrument Extension of Redemption Date 

On 1 March 2022 Kibo agreed an extension of one month for the redemption date of the convertible instrument, with 
all but one of the subscribers to the notes. The new extended redemption date was revised to be 1 April 2022. The 
extension included notes in aggregate of £657,985, from the total amount of £672,824. The amount of £14,839 (face 
value and interest)  was settled in cash, in accordance with the terms of the convertible instrument announced on 07 
January 2022. 

On  1  April  2022  Kibo  agreed  a  further  extension  of  three  months  for  the  redemption  date  of  the  convertible 
instrument, with all remaining noteholders. The new extended redemption date will now be 1 July 2022. The further 
extension includes notes in aggregate of £657,985. 
Agreement to deploy at least 1 Gigawatt of Long Duration Energy Storage in Southern Africa 

Kibo signed a rolling 5-year Framework Agreement with Enerox GmbH ('CellCube'), to develop and deploy CellCube 
based  Long  Duration  Energy  Storage  ("LDES")  solutions  in  selected  target  sectors  in  Southern  Africa.  Under  the 
agreement Kibo has been granted conditional exclusive rights, subject to successful Proof of Concepts ("PoC"), to the 
marketing, sales, configuration and delivery of CellCube's vanadium redox flow batteries ("VRFB") in the development 
of its LDES solutions in microgrid applications behind the meter.  
Appointment of Group Chief Financial Officer 

Kibo appointed Mr. Cobus van der Merwe as Group Chief Financial Officer with effect from the 1
Settlement of Outstanding Loan and Issue of Shares 

 of June 2022. 

st

Kibo issued 56,118,047 new Kibo shares of €0.001 each at a deemed issue price of £0.0016 per share to Sanderson 
Capital Partners Limited in full and final settlement of £89,788.88 of the total remaining outstanding amount owing 
pursuant to the forward payment facility signed between Sanderson Capital Partners Limited and the Company in 
December 2016. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 

The  realisation  of  coal  mining  and  energy  assets  is  dependent  on  the  discovery  and  successful  development  of 
economic mineral reserves and/or completion of positive integrated bankable feasibility studies and is subject to a 
number of significant potential risks summarised as follows, and described further below: 

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

strategic risk; 
funding risk; 
regulatory risk; 
commercial risk; 
operational risk; 
staffing and key personnel risks; 
speculative nature of mineral exploration and development;  
development and construction risk; 
political instability;  
uninsurable risks; and  
foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts. 

Strategic risk 

Significant and increasing competition exists for mineral and energy project acquisition opportunities throughout the 
world. Because of this competition, the Company may be unable to acquire and exploit additional attractive projects 
on terms it considers acceptable. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any interest 
in additional mining and/or energy development projects that would yield commercial opportunities. The Company 
expects to undertake comprehensive due diligence where warranted to help ensure opportunities are subjected to 
proper evaluation. 
Funding risk 

In  the  past  the  Company  has  raised  funds  via  equity  contributions  from  new  and  existing  shareholders,  thereby 
ensuring  the  Company  remains  a  going  concern  until  such  time  that  revenues  are  earned  through  the  sale  or 
development of its projects. There can be no assurance that such funds will continue to be available on reasonable 
terms, or at all in future. The Directors regularly review cash flow requirements to ensure the Company can meet 
financial obligations as and when they fall due. 
Commercial risk 

The  exploration,  mining  and  renewable  energy  industries  are  competitive  and  there  is  no  assurance  that,  even  if 
commercial  opportunities  are  available  to  the  Company,  a  profitable  market  will  exist  for  the  sale  of  such 
opportunities. There can be no assurance that the quality of the resources will be such that the Company assets can 
be realised at a profit or, where applicable, support its energy development projects. Factors beyond the control of 
the Company may affect the marketability of any projects discovered. Commodity prices are subject to volatile price 
changes  from  a  variety  of  factors  including  international  economic  and  political  trends,  expectations  of  inflation, 
global  and  regional  demand,  currency  exchange  fluctuations,  interest  rates  and  global  or  regional  consumption 
patterns,  speculative  activities  and  increased  production  due  to  improved  extraction,  mining  and  production 
methods. Ultimately, the Company expects that prior to a development decision, a project would be the subject of a 
feasibility analysis to ensure there exists an appropriate level of confidence in its economic viability.  
Regulatory risk  

The UK power sector has undergone a number of considerable regulatory changes over the last few years and is now 
at a state of transition from large fossil-fuel plants to a more diverse range of power generation sources including 
renewables,  small,  distributed  plants  and  new  nuclear.  As  a  result,  there  is  greater  regulatory  involvement  in  the 
structure of the UK power market than has been the case over the last 20 years. Therefore, there remains a risk that 
future interventions by Ofgem or Government could have an adverse impact on the underlying assets that the Group 
manages and/or owns. 
Operational risk 

Exploration, mining and renewable energy developments are subject to hazards normally encountered in exploration, 
development, construction  and production. Although it is intended to take adequate precautions to minimise risk, 
there is a possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations and its financial results should these 
risks realise outside the allowable risk parameters. The Company will develop and maintain policies appropriate to 
the stage of development of its various projects.  

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Staffing and key personnel risks 

Recruiting and retaining qualified personnel is critical to the Company’s success. The number of persons skilled in the 
acquisition, exploration and development of mining properties and in the development of energy projects is limited 
and competition for such persons is intense. While the Company has good relations with its employees, these relations 
may be impacted by changes in the scheme of labour relations which may be introduced by the relevant governmental 
authorities. Adverse changes in such legislation may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results 
of operations and  financial condition.  Staff are encouraged to  discuss with management matters of interest to  the 
employees and subjects affecting day-to-day operations of the Company. 
Speculative nature of mineral exploration & energy project development 

In addition to the above there can be no assurance that the current activities will result in profitable project execution. 
The  recoverability  of  the  carrying  value  of  exploration,  mining  and  renewable  energy  assets  is  dependent  on  the 
successful  discovery  of  economically  recoverable  reserves,  the  achievement  of  profitable  operations,  successful 
development of the underlying projects to commercial viability and the ability  of the Company to raise additional 
financing, if necessary, or alternatively upon the Company’s ability to dispose of its interests on an advantageous basis. 
Changes in market conditions resulted in material write downs of the carrying value of the Company’s assets.  

Development of the Company’s assets is, amongst others, contingent upon obtaining satisfactory feasibility results 
and securing additional adequate funding. Mineral and energy project development involves substantial expenses and 
a high degree of risk, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to 
adequately  mitigate.  The  degree  of  risk  reduces  substantially  when  a  Company’s  properties  move  from  the 
exploration phase to the advanced feasibility phase. Management continuously assesses funding requirements against 
project viability and prioritise key projects over the short to medium term.  

The development of mineral deposits and renewable energy projects is dependent upon several factors including the 
technical skill of the personnel involved. The commercial viability of a project, once discovered, is also dependent 
upon a number of factors, including the size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, commodity prices and government 
regulations, including regulations relating to royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of resources, 
and  environmental  protection.  In  addition,  several  years  can  elapse  from  the  initial  phase  of  exploration  until 
commercial operations are commenced. 
Development and construction risk 

The Group will continue to develop new project sites which includes obtaining planning permission, securing land 
(under option to lease or freehold), and obtaining energy, gas and grid connections. The Group will also oversee the 
construction of these projects where needed. Risks to project delivery include damage or disruption to suppliers or 
to  relevant  manufacturing  or  distribution  capabilities  due  to  weather,  natural  disaster,  fire,  terrorism,  pandemic, 
strikes, or other reasons could impair our ability to deliver projects on time. 

Failure  to  take  adequate  steps  to  mitigate  the  likelihood  or  potential  impact  of  development  and  construction 
setbacks, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could adversely affect our business or financial results. 
There  are  inherent  risks  that  the  Group  may  not  ultimately  be  successful  in  achieving  the  full  development  and 
construction of every site and sunk costs could be lost. However, the risk is mitigated as the Group targets shovel 
ready sites that adhere to specific requirements, coupled with experienced senior management team. 
Political stability 

The Company is conducting its operational activities in Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania, South Africa and the UK. 
The  directors  believe  that  the  governments  of  these  countries  support  the  development  of  natural  resources  and 
energy production by foreign investors and actively monitor the situation.  However, there is no assurance that future 
political and economic conditions in these countries will not result in their governments adopting different policies 
regarding foreign development and ownership of mineral resources.  Any changes in policy affecting ownership of 
assets, taxation, rates of exchange, environmental protection, labour relations, repatriation of income and return of 
capital, may affect the Company’s ability to develop its projects. 
Uninsurable risks 

The Company may become subject to liability for accidents, pollution and other hazards against which it cannot insure 
or against which it may elect not to insure because of prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons, such as amounts 
which exceed policy limits. The company chooses to manage these risks, as best possible, through cautious business 
practice, on a continuous basis.  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Foreign investment risks including increases in taxes, royalties and renegotiation of contracts 

The Group is subject to risk arising from the ever-changing economic environment in which its subsidiaries operate, 
mainly  driven  by  the  changing  regulatory  environment  governing  corporate  taxation,  transfer  pricing  and  other 
investment related operational activities. The Group continues to re-assess its investment decisions to limit exposure 
to the ever-changing regulatory environment in which it operates.  
Directors’ Interests 

The interests of the directors and Company secretary (held directly and indirectly), who held office at the date of 
approval of the financial statements, in the share capital of the Company are as follows:
Ordinary Shares (held directly and indirectly) 

Directors & Secretary 

27 June 2022 

31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

6,004,842 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Louis Coetzee 
Andreas Lianos   
Christiaan Schutte 
Warrants (held directly and indirectly) 

7,037,047 
19,505,996 
17,073,663 
- 

- 
- 

6,004,842 
- 
- 
7,037,047 
19,505,996 
17,073,663 
- 

6,004,842 
6,728,400 
1,222,500 
7,037,047 
19,505,996 
17,073,663 
- 

27 June 2022 

31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

Directors & Secretary 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Andreas Lianos   
Christiaan Schutte 

1,942,500 
5,720,000 
1,722,800 
4,742,500 
- 

1,942,500 
5,720,000 
1,722,800 
4,742,500 
- 

5,827,500 
17,160,000 
5,168,400 
14,227,500 
- 

The above warrants in issue are exercisable at a price of £0.006 at any time up to 3 November 2022.  

For further detail surrounding the ordinary shares, share options and warrants in issue, refer to Notes 16 and 18 of 
the annual financial statements. 
Convertible Loan Notes (held directly and indirectly) 

27 June 2022 

31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

Directors & Secretary 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Andreas Lianos   
Christiaan Schutte 

29,752   
218,904  
64,717   
38,782   
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

The above notes in issue bear interest at 7% per annum, are unsecured, and convertible into ordinary shares at the 
option of the note holder on redemption date. Each note represents  £1 of debt owing whilst in issue. 
Transactions Involving Directors 

There have been no contracts or arrangements of significance during the period in which Directors of the Company, 
or their related parties, were interested other than as disclosed in Note 24 to the annual financial statements. 

Subsequent to year end, on 7 January 2022, the Directors of the Company entered into a debt conversion agreement 
wherein debt in the amount of £352,155 was converted into loan notes as noted above. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Directors’ meetings 

The Company held seventeen (17) Board meetings during the reporting period and the number of meetings attended 
by each of the directors of the Company during the year to 31 December 2021 were: 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Director Name 

Position 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Christiaan Schutte 
Louis Coetzee 
Andreas Lianos  
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree * 
Wenzel Kerremans * 

Chairman 
Executive Director 
Chief Executive Officer 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Technical Director 
Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

17 
16 
17 
17 
16 
9 
13 

17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 
17 

* Resigned on 30 September 2021 

Under the Company’s Memorandum & Articles of Association, one third of directors are required to retire by rotation 
from the Board on an annual basis, through resignation at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and may put themselves 
forward again for re-election at the AGM. 
Committee meetings 

The  Company  held  two  (2)  Audit  Committee  meetings  during  the  reporting  period  and  the  number  of  meetings 
Number of 
attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2021 were: 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Director Name 

Position 

Andreas Lianos 
Christian Schaffalitzky 
Wenzel Kerremans* 

Chairman (Non-Executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

* Resigned on 30 September 2021 

The  Company  held  one  (1)  Remuneration  Committee  meetings  during  the  reporting  period  and  the  number  of 
meetings attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2021 were: 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Director Name 

Position 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Andreas Lianos 
Wenzel Kerremans* 

Chairman (Non-Executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

* Resigned on 30 September 2021 

The Company held one (1) Governance Committee meeting during the reporting period and the number of meetings 
attended by each of the members during the year to 31 December 2021 were: 

Number of 
Meetings 
Attended 

Number of 
Meetings Eligible 
to Attend 

Director Name 

Position 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Wenzel Kerremans *  

Chairman (Non-executive) 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

* Resigned on 30 September 2021

21 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Significant Shareholdings 

According  to  the  latest  information  available  to  the  Company,  in  addition  to  the  interests  of  the  directors,  at  31 
December 2021 and at the date of this report, the following shareholders own 3% or more beneficial interest, either 
direct or indirect, of the issued share capital of the Company, which is considered significant for disclosure purposes 
in the annual financial statements: 
Percentage of issued share capital 

27 June 2022 

 31 December 2021 

31 December 2020 

Sanderson Capital Partners Ltd
Yakoub Yakoubov
David Ryan 
Pegasus Pirouette Capital London Ltd 
Charlemont 
Capital 
société à responsabilité limitée 

Subsidiary Undertakings 

Investments 

12.79% 
3.54% 
4.28% 
- 
3.02% 

13.43% 
3.64% 
- 
3.14% 
- 

11.03% 
3.06% 
3.22% 
- 
- 

Details of the Company’s subsidiary undertakings are set out in Note 23 to the annual financial statements. 
Political Donations 

During the period, the Group made no charitable or political contributions (2020: £ Nil). 
Going Concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis which contemplates the continuity of normal 
business activities and the realisation of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. In 
performing the going concern assessment, the Board considered various factors, including the availability of cash and 
cash  equivalents;  data  relating  to  working  capital  requirements  for  the  foreseeable  future;  cash-flows  from 
operational commencement, available information about the future, the possible outcomes of planned events, changes 
in future conditions, the current global economic situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic and Ukraine conflict and the 
responses to such events and conditions that would be available to the Board. 

The  Board  has,  inter  alia,  considered  the  following  specific  factors  in  determining  whether  the  Group  is  a  going 
concern:  

•
•

•

The significant financial loss for the year amounting to £23,148,155 (2020: £6,417,237);  
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  readily  available  to  the  Group  in  the  amount  of  £2,082,906  in  order  to  pay  its 
creditors and maturing liabilities in the amount of £2,198,437 as and when they fall due and meet its operating 
costs for the ensuing twelve months; and 
Whether  the  Group  has  available  cash  resources,  or  equivalent  short  term  funding  opportunities  in  the 
foreseeable future, to deploy in developing and growing existing operations or invest in new opportunities. 

Following from the losses incurred in the current financial period, coupled with the net current liability position the 
Group finds itself in as at December 2021, these conditions, together with those mentioned above are considered to 
indicate that a material uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a 
going concern.  

This is largely attributable to the short-term liquidity position the Group finds itself in as a result of the significant 
capital  required  to  develop  projects  that  exceeds  cash  contributed  to  the  group  by  the  capital  contributors.  The 
Directors  have  evaluated  the  Groups  liquidity  requirements  to  confirm  whether  the  Group  has  adequate  cash 
resources  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  for  the  foreseeable  future,  taking  into  account  the  net  current  liability 
position,  and  consequently  prepared  a  cash  flow  forecast  covering  a  period  of  12  months  from  the  date  of  these 
financial statements, concluding that the Group would be able to continue its operations as a going concern.  

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

In  response  to  the  net  current  liability  position,  to  address  future  cash  flow  requirements,  detailed  liquidity 
improvement initiatives have been identified and are being pursued, with their implementation regularly monitored 
in order to ensure the Group is able to alleviate the liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the ability 
of the Group to continue as a going concern is dependent on the successful implementation or conclusion of the below 
noted matters in order to address the liquidity risk the Group faces on an ongoing basis:  

•

•

Successful  conclusion  of  funding  requirements  of  the  Group  in  order  to  continue  development  of  the 
underlying projects of the Group; and 
Successful realisation of the fossil fuel assets in the foreseeable future in order to contribute positively toward 
the cash reserves of the Group.  

As  the  Board  is  confident  it  would  be  able  to  successfully  implement  the  above  matters,  it  has  adopted  the  going 
concern basis of accounting in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 
Environmental responsibility 

The Company recognises that its activities require it to have regard to the potential impact that it, its subsidiaries and 
partners may have on the environment. Where exploration and development works are carried out, care is taken to 
limit the amount of disturbance and where any remediation works are required they are carried out as and when 
required. 
Dividends 

There have been no dividends declared or paid during the current financial period (2020: £ Nil). 
Corporate Governance Policy 

The Board is aware of the importance to conform to its statutory responsibilities and industry good practice in relation 
to corporate governance of the Group. 

The Board is accountable to the shareholders for delivery of sustained value growth. In order to support its duties 
and  responsibilities  the  Board  implements  control  procedures  that  assess  and  manage  risk  and  ensure  robust 
financial and operational management within the Company. The principal risks that the Company is exposed to can 
be classified under the general headings of exploration risk, commodity risk, price risk, currency risk and political 
risk. 

The  Board  also  sets  the  Company’s  core  values  and  ethical  standards  of  business  conduct  ensuring  these  are 
effectively communicated to all staff and are monitored continuously by the Board. 

The  Board  sets  the  Company’s  strategy  and  monitors  its  implementation  through  management  and  financial 
performance reviews. It also works to ensure that adequate resources are available to implement strategy in a timely 
manner. 

The Company subscribes to the values of good corporate governance at all levels and is committed to conduct business 
with  discipline,  integrity  and  social  responsibility.  The  Board  of  Directors  is  firmly  committed  to  promoting  Kibo 
Energy plc’s adherence to the principles contained in the QCA Corporate Governance Code (2018) (“QCA Code”), and 
constantly reviews its performance against the QCA Code. The Directors are committed to the implementation of the 
principles and non-compliance is limited to the matter listed in this report. In compliance with its statutory, AIM & 
JSE listing obligations, the directors present a Corporate Governance Report on page 7.
Internal Audit 

The  Company  does  not  have  an  internal  audit  function.  Currently  the  operations  of  the  Group  do  not  warrant  an 
internal audit function, however the Board is assessing the need to establish an internal audit department considering 
future prospects as the Group’s operations increase. During the period the Board has taken responsibility to ensure 
effective governance, risk management and that the internal control environment is maintained. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Health, Safety and Environmental Policy 

The Group is committed to high standards of Health, Safety and Environmental performance across our business. Our 
goal  is  to  protect  people,  minimise  harm  to  the  environment,  integrate  biodiversity  considerations  and  reduce 
disruption to our neighbouring communities. We seek to achieve continuous improvement in our Health, Safety and 
Environmental performance. 
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy (CSR) 

The Group’s policy is to conduct all our business operations to best industry standards and to behave in a socially 
responsible manner. Our goal is to behave ethically and with integrity and to respect cultural, national and religious 
diversity. 
Governance of IT 

The Board is responsible for IT governance as an integral part of the Group’s governance as a whole. The IT function 
is not expected to significantly change in the foreseeable future. The Board has the required policies and procedures 
in place to ensure governance of IT is adhered to. 
Integrated and Sustainability Reporting 

Integrated Reporting is defined as a “holistic and integrated representation of the Group’s performance in terms of 
both its finances and its sustainability”. The Group currently does not have a separate integrated report. The Board 
and  its  sub-committees  are  in  the  process  of  assessing  the  principles  and  practices  of  integrated  reporting  and 
sustainability  reporting to ensure  that adequate information about the operations  of  the Group, the sustainability 
issues pertinent to its business, the financial results and the results of its operations and cash flows are disclosed in a 
single report. 
Accounting records 

The  measures  taken  by  the  directors  to  ensure  compliance  with  the  requirements  in  Sections  281  to  285  of  the 
Companies Act 2014, regarding proper books of account, are the implementation of necessary policies and procedures 
for recording transactions, the employment of competent accounting personnel with appropriate expertise and the 
provision of adequate resources to the financial function. The books of account of the Company are maintained at 119 
Witch-Hazel Avenue, Highveld Technopark, Centurion 0157, South Africa.  
Auditors 

The auditors, Crowe Ireland, were re-appointed as the Company’s auditors at the last Annual General Meeting and 
have indicated their willingness to continue in office in accordance with section s383(2) of the Companies Act 2014. 
Provision of information to the auditor 

Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors’ Report is approved has confirmed that: 

•

•

So  far as that  Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is 
unaware, and 
That Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director in order to be aware of any 
information needed by the Company’s auditors in connection with preparing their report and to establish 
that the Company’s auditor are aware of that information. 

Compliance statement 

The  directors  acknowledge  that  they  are  responsible  for  securing  the  Company's  compliance  with  the  Company's 
''relevant obligations'' within the meaning of section 225 of the Companies Act 2014 (described below as the ''relevant 
obligations'').  

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The directors confirm that they have: 

•

•

•

drawn up a compliance policy statement setting out the Company's policies (that are, in the opinion of the
directors, appropriate to the Company) in respect of the Company's compliance with its Relevant Obligations;
put in place appropriate arrangements or structures that, in the opinion of the Directors, provide a reasonable
assurance of compliance in all material respects with the Company's Relevant Obligations; and
during the financial year to which this report relates, conducted a review of the arrangements of structures
that the directors have put in place to ensure material compliance with the Company's Relevant Obligations.

On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 

27 June 2022 

Noel O’Keeffe 

27 June 2022

25 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable Laws and Regulations. 

Irish  Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare  Group  and  parent  Company  financial  statements  for  each 
financial  period.  As  permitted  by  Company  law,  the  directors  have  prepared  the  Group  financial  statements  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU IFRS) and 
have  elected  to  prepare  the  Company  financial  statements,  as  applied  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
Companies Act 2014. 

The Group and Company financial statements are required by law and EU IFRS to present fairly the financial position 
and performance of the Group. References in the relevant part of the Companies Act 2014 to financial statements 
giving a true and fair view are provided for in the Act to mean such references to the financial statements achieving a 
fair presentation. In preparing each of the Group and Company financial statements, the directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;
•
• make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•

state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the
Group and Company will continue in business.

•

The directors confirm they have complied with the above requirements in preparing these accounts. 

Under  applicable  law  the  directors  are  also  responsible  for  preparing  a  Directors’  Report  and  reports  relating  to 
directors’ remuneration and corporate governance that comply with that law and those rules.  

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any 
time the financial position of the Company and which enable them to ensure that its financial statements are prepared 
in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards,  and  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2014,  and 
European Communities (Companies: Group Accounts) Regulations 1992 and all regulations to be construed as one 
with those acts. They are also responsible for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets 
of the Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other 
irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on  the  Company’s  website.  Legislation  in  the  Republic  of  Ireland  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 

27 June 2022 

Noel O’Keeffe 

27 June 2022

26 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

I  am  pleased  to  present  this  report  on  behalf  of  the  Audit  Committee  and  to  report  on  the  progress  made  by  the 
Committee during the year.  
Aims of the Audit Committee 

Our  purpose  is  to  assist  the  Board  in  managing  risk,  discharging  its  duties  regarding  the  preparation  of  financial 
statements,  ensure  that  a  robust  framework  of  accounting  policies  is  in  place  and  enacted  and  oversee  the 
maintenance of proper internal financial controls.

The Audit Committee consists of myself (Chairman) and Christian Schaffalitzky. The Committee aims to meet at least 
once each year and its key responsibilities include monitoring the integrity of the Group’s financial reporting and to 
approve and recommend the annual financial statements to the Board. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer are invited to attend meetings of the Committee. 

 The Audit Committee is committed to: 

• Maintaining the integrity of the financial statements of the Company and reviewing any significant reporting

matters therein;
Reviewing  the  Annual  &  Interim  Report  and  Accounts  and  monitoring  the  accuracy  and  fairness  of  the
Company’s financial statements;
Ensuring compliance of financial statements with applicable accounting standards and the AIM & JSE Rules;
Reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal financial control environment and risk management
systems; and

•

•
•

• Overseeing the relationship with and the remuneration of the external auditor, reviewing their performance

and advising the Board members on their appointment.

The Audit Committee met twice in 2021. 
Activities of the Audit Committee during the year 

On  behalf  of  the  Board,  the  Audit  Committee  has  closely  monitored  the  maintenance  of  internal  controls  and  risk 
management  during  the  year.  Key  financial  risks  are  reported  during  each  Audit  Committee  meeting,  including 
developments and progress made towards mitigating these risks.  

The Audit committee received and reviewed reports from the Chief Financial Officer, other members of management 
and external auditors relating to the interim and annual accounts and the accounting and internal control systems in 
use throughout the Group. 

The external auditors attended meetings to discuss the planning and conclusions of their work and met with members 
of the committee. The committee was able to call for information from management and consult with the external 
auditors directly as required. 

The  objectivity  and  independence  of  the  external  auditors  was  safeguarded  by  reviewing  the  auditors’  formal 
declarations, monitoring relationships between key audit staff and the Company and tracking the level of non-audit 
fees payable to the auditors. Significant attention was given to the level of non-audit fees provided. 

As  noted  above,  the  committee  met  twice  during  the  year,  to  review  the  2020  annual  accounts  and  the  interim 
accounts  to  30  June  2021  and  audit  planning  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2021.  Members  of  the  committee 
reviewed with the independent auditor its judgements as to the acceptability of the Company’s accounting principles. 

Since  the  year  end  the  committee  has  met  further  with  the  auditors  to  consider  the  2021  financial  statements.  In 
particular, the committee discussed the significant audit risks, accounting for acquisitions and disposals during the 
year  and  the  application  of  the  new  accounting  standard.  In  addition,  the  committee  monitors  the  auditor  firm’s 
independence from Company management and the Company. 
___________________________ 
Andreas Lianos 

Chairman 
Audit Committee 
27 June 2022 

27 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Kibo Energy Plc 

Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Opinion  

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Kibo Energy Plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (the 
“Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2021, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and 
Other Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Company Statement of Profit or 
Loss and Other Comprehensive Income, the Company Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement of 
Changes  in  Equity,  the  Company  Statement  of  Changes  in  Equity,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Cash  Flows,  the 
Company  Statement  of  Cash  Flows,  the  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  the  related  notes  to  the 
consolidated financial statements. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is 
Irish Law and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”), as adopted by the EU. 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements: 

•

•

•

•

give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2021 and of the
profit or loss and cash flows of the Group for the year then ended;
give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2021 and of the Company
profit or loss and cash flows for the year then ended;
have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRSs”),  as
adopted by the EU; and
have been properly prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014.

Basis for Opinion 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (Ireland)  (“ISAs  (Ireland)”).  Our 
responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  Responsibilities  for  the  Audit  of  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the 
International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code), and 
we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code.  

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 
Material uncertainty relating to going concern  

We draw attention to the  Section headed Going Concern on page 42 of the  financial statements, which details the 
factors the Company has considered when assessing the going concern position. As detailed in the relevant note on 
page 42, the uncertainty surrounding the availability of funds to finance ongoing working capital requirements and 
the financing of commercial projects of the Group through to the stage of cash generation indicates the existence of a 
material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion 
is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Our responsibilities with respect to Going Concern are described further the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  section  of  this  report  while  the  directors’  responsibilities  are  described 
further in the Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial 
Statements section.
Overview of our audit approach 
Our application of materiality  

In planning and performing our audit we use the concept of materiality. An item is considered material if it could 
reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements
Materiality is used as 
to help establish our areas of audit focus and to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified in the course of the 
audit. 

. 

28 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole was set at £170,000 (2020: £320,000) This was based on 
5% of the Group operating loss for the year excluding exceptional impairment charges on non-current assets . Parent 
company materiality was set at £170,000 (2020: £240,000) based on 1% of total assets of the Company. 

We use Performance Materiality to determine the nature and extent of our audit testing. Performance Materiality is a 
measure based on overall audit materiality (as above) adjusted downwards for the judgements we make as to entity 
risk and specific risks around each audit area, having regard to the internal control environment.  

For  certain  items  such  as  related  party  transactions  and  directors’  remuneration  disclosures,  we  may  reduce 
performance materiality further.  

All errors identified in excess of 5% of Materiality (£8,500) (2020: £16,000) are reported to the Audit Committee. 
Other  errors  below  this  threshold  may  be  reported  to  the  Audit  Committee  on  qualitative  grounds,  if  we  believe 
warranted.  
Overview of the scope of our audit 

The  Group  operates  in  seven  main  jurisdictions:  Ireland,  the  UK,  Cyprus,  Tanzania,  Botswana,  South  Africa  and 
Mozambique. The audit of Kibo Energy plc was conducted from Ireland. The transactions undertaken in Ireland are 
Corporate and administrative in nature, principally capital fund raising and associated costs, professional fees and the 
administration and incurrence of exploration and development expenditure on behalf of subsidiaries.  

We engaged member firms of the Crowe international network to undertake work on the UK, Cyprus and Tanzanian 
subsidiaries under our direction. Following discussions at the planning stage, we issued instructions to the network 
firms that set out the significant risks to be addressed and the information we required to be reported. We further 
reviewed  and  discussed  their  working  papers  on  key  findings,  as  well  as  obtaining  information  directly  from 
management on matters accounted for at subsidiary level but significant at group level.  
Key Audit Matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of 
the  consolidated  financial  statements  as  a  whole,  and  in  forming  our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not  provide  a 
separate opinion on these matters. 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Key audit matter 
Carrying value of indefinite life intangibles 

their 

Intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  life  must  be 
tested  for  impairment  on  an  annual  basis.  The 
determination  of 
recoverable  amount 
requires judgement on the part of management in 
both identifying and then valuing the relevant cash 
generating  units  especially  for  projects  where 
there is an uncertain         timeframe. 
The  Group  has  upstream  and  downstream  power 
generation  and  delivery  projects  in  Tanzania 
(Mbeya  Coal  to  Power  (MCPP),  the  UK  (Rochdale 
Power)  and  South  Africa  (Sustineri  Project).  The 
intangible  assets  at  31  December  2021  totalled 
£4.9m  (2020:  £18.5m).  An  impairment  of  £13.9M 
was recognised during the year. 
We  considered  the  risk  whether  indicators  of 
impairment  may  exist  as  well  as  the  risk  of 
misstatements of the estimated fair value of assets 
impaired during the year. 

Our  procedures  to  obtain  comfort  that  the  balance  of  the 
indefinite  life  intangible  assets  is  not  materially  misstated, 
-
included: 

exploration 

Obtaining and reviewing documentation supporting
the ownership and rights and obligations assertions
in relation to the exploration and evaluation assets,
as  well  as  reviewing  the  status  of  the  required
permits  and 
licenses.  We  also  challenged  the
transferability of asset rights of the Group where the
carrying value was based on proposed disposals;
Discussing  and  challenging  management  as  to  the
status  of  the  projects  developments  and  future
planned 
and
management intentions on those projects;
challenging  management’s
Considering 
impairment  review  together  with  the  calculations
and  basis  for  the  impairment  charge  on  the  MCPP
and Bordersley intangibles and goodwill;
Ensuring that the accounting for the exploration and
evaluation assets was in accordance with IFRS 6;
Assessing whether the disclosures in relation to the
valuation of the intangible assets are compliant with
the  relevant  financial  reporting  requirements,  in
particular  management’s  treatment  of  the  MCPP
asset as a non-current asset.

and  development 

and 

-

-

-

-

29 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Carrying  value  of  the  Associate  Undertaking  in 
Botswana 

Our findings 

We  have  obtained  sufficient  comfort  that  the  Group  has 
accounted for its indefinite life intangibles in accordance with 
applicable standards and with the accounting policies as set 
out.  

-

Our  procedures  to  obtain  comfort  that  the  balance  of  the 
associate asset is not materially misstated, included: 

In 2019, Kibo restructured its holding in Kibo Energy 
Botswana to a 35% interest of an enlarged resource 
(MCIPP). As a result, it is accounted for as investment 
in an associate at £9.7m. During 2021 the Group has 
impaired  the  carrying  value  of  the  asset  to  £3.6M, 
and recognised an impairment of £6.1M. 

The carrying value of the associate is underpinned by 
the  interest  of  the  Group  in  the  Mabesekwa.  The 
Group  has  evaluated  the  underlying  assets  and 
concluded that the realisable value from a disposal of 
the interest is significantly less than the value in use 
and the previous carrying value and an impairment 
is required as noted above. 

We  considered  the  risk  whether  indicators  of 
impairment  may  exist  as  well  as  the  risk  of 
misstatements  of  the  estimated  fair  value  of  assets 
impaired during the year. 

-

-

-

-

reviewing 

documentation
and 
Obtaining 
supporting 
rights  and
the  ownership  and 
obligations assertions in relation to the exploration 
and  evaluation  assets,  as  well  as  reviewing  the
status of the required permits and licenses. We also 
challenged the transferability of asset rights of the
Group  since  the  carrying  value  is  based  on  a
proposed disposal;
Discussing and challenging management as to the
status  of  the  projects  developments  and  future
planned  exploration  and  development  and
management intentions on those projects;
Considering 
challenging  management’s
impairment review together with the calculations
and basis for the impairment charge on MCIPP;
Assessing  whether  the  disclosures  in  relation  to
the valuation of the intangible assets are compliant 
with the relevant financial reporting requirements,
in  particular  management’s  treatment  of  the
MCIPP asset as a non-current asset.
.

and 

Our findings 

Other information 

We  have  obtained  sufficient  comfort  that  the  Group  has 
accounted for its investment in the associate in accordance 
with applicable standards and with the accounting policies 
as set out.  

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in 
the Annual report, other than the financial statements and our Auditors' report thereon. Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, 
we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our 
knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material 
inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material 
misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work 
we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to 
report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

30 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2014 

Based solely on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, we report that: 

•
•

in our opinion, the information given in the Directors' Report is consistent with the financial statements; and
in our opinion, the Directors' Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

We have obtained all the information and explanations which we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit. 

In our opinion the accounting records of the Company were sufficient to permit the financial statements to be readily 
and properly audited, and the financial statements are in agreement with the accounting records. 
Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

Based on the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, 
we have not identified any material misstatements in the Directors' Report. 

The Companies Act 2014 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion, the disclosures of directors' remuneration and 
transactions required by sections 305 to 312 of the Act are not made. We have nothing to report in this regard. 
Respective responsibilities and restrictions on use

Responsibilities  of  Management  and  Those  Charged  with  Governance  for  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement on page 26, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the consolidated financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for 
such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the consolidated financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern 
basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic 
alternative but to do so.  

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process. 
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion.  Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a  guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in 
accordance with ISAs (Ireland) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected 
to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

31 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (Ireland), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
scepticism throughout the audit. We also:  

•

•

•

•

•

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due
to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence
that  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to  provide  a  basis  for  our  opinion.  The  risk  of  not  detecting  a  material
misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, 
forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
Group’s internal control;
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and 
related disclosures made by management;
Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based
on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that
may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material
uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the
consolidated  financial  statements  or,  if  such  disclosures  are  inadequate,  to  modify  our  opinion.  Our
conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future
events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern;
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including
the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and 
events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business
activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible
for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit 
opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing 
of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify 
during our audit. 

We  also  provide  those  charged  with  governance  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  relevant  ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.  

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most 
significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit 
matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about 
the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our 
report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest 
benefits of such communication. 

32 

KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities 

This report is made solely to the Company's members in accordance with Section 391 of the Companies Act 2014. Our 
audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept 
or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed.  

_________________________________________ 
Crowe Ireland 
for and on behalf of 

Chartered Accountants and Statutory Audit Firm 
40 Mespil Road 
Dublin 4 
Date: 27 June 2022

33 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Revenue 
Gross loss 
Cost of sales 

Administrative expenses 
Impairment of non-current assets 
Listing and capital raising fees 
Operating loss 
Project and exploration expenditure  

Investment and other income 
Share of loss from associate 
Loss before tax 
Finance costs 

for the period 

Loss
Taxation 

Other comprehensive loss: 

Items that may be classified subsequently to profit or loss: 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 
Other Comprehensive loss for the period net of tax 
Exchange differences reclassified on disposal of foreign operation 

Total comprehensive loss for the period 

Loss for the period  

Attributable to the owners of the parent 
Attributable to the non-controlling interest 
Total comprehensive loss for the period 

Attributable to the owners of the parent
Attributable to the non-controlling interest
Loss Per Share 

31 December 
2021 

Note 

Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

2 

3 

4 
7 

3,245  
(31,076) 
(34,321) 

- 
- 
- 

(2,325,750) 
(20,705,209) 
(321,365) 
(24,071,363) 
(687,963) 

(3,393,687) 
- 
(1,027,658) 
(6,473,547) 
(2,052,202) 

1,017,937 
(48,357) 
(23,148,155) 
(46,372) 

78,945 
(332) 
(6,417,237) 
(22,303) 

(23,148,155) 
-, 

(6,417,237) 
- 

(212,919) 
132,298 
345,217 

152,635 
274,305 
121,670 

(23,015,857) 

(6,142,932) 

(23,148,155) 

(6,417,237) 

(21,996,968) 
(1,151,187) 
(23,015,857) 

(4,726,286) 
(1,690,951) 
(6,142,932) 

(21,864,515) 
(1,151,342) 

(4,451,981) 
(1,690,951) 

Basic loss per share 
Diluted loss per share 

8 
8 

(0.009) 
(0.009) 

(0.003) 
(0.003) 

All activities derive from continuing operations. 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The  financial  statements  were  approved  and  authorised  for  issue  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  27  June  2022  and 
signed on its behalf by: 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
________________________       

 Noel.O’Keeffe 
________________________      

34 

 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Assets 
Non-Current Assets 

Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Investments in associates 
Total non-current assets 
Goodwill 

Current Assets 

Other financial assets 
Other receivables 
Total current assets 
Cash 

Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities 
Equity 

Called up share capital 
Share premium account 

Control reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Translation reserve 
Attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Retained deficit 

Total Equity 
Non-controlling interest        

Liabilities 
Non-Current Liabilities 

Total Non-Current Liabilities 
Lease liability 

 Current Liabilities 

Lease liability 
Trade and other payables 
Total Current Liabilities 
Borrowings 
Total Liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities 

31 December 
2021 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

Note 

9 
10 
11 
13 

12 
14 
15 

16 
16 

17 
18 
19 

 20 

  9 

9 
21 
22 

2,899,759 
4,964,550 
4,092,403 
11,956,712
-

2,118 
18,491,105 
9,696,351 
28,489,574 
300,000

- 
255,747 
2,338,653 
2,082,906 

- 
115,886 
372,646 
256,760 

14,295,365 

28,862,220 

21,042,444 
45,429,328 

-
466,868 
(466,184) 
9,845,067 
(56,627,389) 

20,411,493 
44,312,371 

(18,329)
1,728,487
(598,637)
 26,815,529 
(39,019,856) 

11,807,883 
1,962,816 

   26,558,688 
 (256,841) 

289,045 
289,045 

- 
- 

2,473 
1,116,273 
2,198,437 
1,079,691 
2,487,482 

- 
1,444,986 
2,303,532 
858,546 
2,303,532 

14,295,365

28,862,220 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 27 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by: 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky   
_____________________________      

Noel O’Keeffe 
________________________      

35 

 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Revenue 
Administrative expenses 
Listing and capital raising fees 
Impairment of subsidiary investments 
Operating loss 
Fair value adjustment  

Other income 
Loss before tax 
Finance costs 

for the period 

Loss
Taxation 

31 December 
2021 

Note 

Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

- 
(315,666) 
(39,583) 
(29,379,842) 
(31,370,972) 
(1,635,881) 

135,709 
(31,235,263) 
- 

(31,235,263) 
- 

3 

4 

- 
(353,279) 
(646,669) 
- 
515,870 
1,515,818 

174,000 
689,870 
- 

689,870 
- 

All activities derive from continuing operations. 

The Company has no recognised gains or losses other than those dealt with in the Statement of Profit or Loss and 
Other Comprehensive Income. 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 27 June 2022 and 
signed on its behalf by: 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
________________________       

   Noel.O’Keeffe
________________________      

36 

 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

All figures are stated in Sterling

Non-Current Assets 

Total Non- current assets 
Investments 

Current Assets 

Other receivables 
Total Current assets 
Cash 

Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities 
Equity 

Called up share capital 
Share premium account 
Share based payment reserve 
Total Equity  
Retained deficit 

Liabilities 
Current Liabilities 

Trade and other payables
Total liabilities 
Borrowings 
Total Equity and Liabilities 

31 December 
2021 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

16,762,761 
16,762,761 

46,664,160 
46,664,160 

73,734 
313,408 
239,674 

39,085 
180,873 
141,788 

17,076,169 

46,845,033 

21,042,444 
45,429,328 
466,868 
16,843,103 
(50,095,537) 

20,411,493 
44,312,371 
977,575 
46,281,765 
(19,419,674) 

23 

14 
15 

16 
16 
18 

21 
22 

114,062 
233,066 
119,004 
17,076,169 

218,877 
563,268 
344,391 
46,845,033 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 27 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by: 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky   
______________________________      

Noel O’Keeffe 
________________________      

37 

 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

All figures are stated in Sterling 
Balance as at 1 January 2020 

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income – exchange differences  

Shares issued 

Disposal of subsidiary 
Shares issued to pay deferred vendor liability 
Warrants issued by Katoro Gold plc 
Share options issued by Katoro Gold plc 
Change in shareholding without loss of control 
Balance as at 31 December 2020

Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive income - exchange differences  
Shares issued  
Disposal of non-controlling interest without losing control 
Acquisition of non-controlling interest  
Vesting of share options – Katoro Gold plc 
Warrants issued by Kibo Energy plc  
Warrants issued by Kibo Energy plc which expired during the year 
Change in shareholding resulting in a loss of control  
Balance as at 31 December 2021 

Note 

Share  
Capital 

Share 
premium 

Warrants and 
Share based 
payment 
reserve 

Control 
reserve 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 

Retained 
deficit 

Non-controlling 
interest 

Total equity 

£ 

£

£

£ 

£

£

£ 

£

19,532,350

42,750,436

1,504,513

(18,329) 

(872,942)

(34,625,954)

27,073

28,297,147

- 

- 

- 

- 

871,984 

1,149,095 

- 
7,159 
- 
- 
879,143 
- 
20,411,493 

- 
412,840 
- 
- 
1,561,935 
- 
44,312,371 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
(421,471) 
419,667 
225,778 
223,974 
- 
1,728,487 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(18,329) 

- 
- 
630,951 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
630,951 
- 
21,042,444 

- 
- 
1,116,957 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,116,957 
- 
45,429,328 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
146,249 
48,695 
(559,400) 
(1,261,619) 
(897,163) 
466,868 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
18,329 
18,329 
- 

-

(4,726,286) 

(1,690,951) 

(6,417,237) 

152,635 

- 

121,670 
- 
- 
- 
274,305 
-
(598,637) 

-
(212,764) 
- 
-
-
- 
- 
- 
132,453 
345,217 
(466,184) 

- 

- 

- 

-

152,635 

2,021,079 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(4,393,902)
332,384 
(39,019,856) 

(21,996,968) 
-
- 
3,259,232 
(308,030) 
- 
- 
559,400 
(17,607,533) 
878,833 
(56,627,389)

- 
- 
- 
- 
(283,914) 
1,407,037 
(256,841) 

121,670 
(1,472) 
419,667 
225,778 
(1,738,459) 
1,739,421 
26,558,688 

(1,151,187) 
(23,148,155) 
(155) 
(212,919) 
-
1,747,908 
3,201,014 
6,460,246 
308,030 
- 
- 
146,249 
- 
48,695 
- 
- 
2,219,657  (14,750,805) 
207,171 
(138,045) 
11,807,883 
1,962,816 

16 

16 

18 

17 

19 

20 

The notes on pages 55-88 form part of the financial statements.  

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 27 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by:
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
________________________________   

Noel O’Keeffe 
________________________  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

Share capital 

Share premium  Share based 

Retained deficit  Total equity 

£ 

£

payment 
reserve 
£

£

£

19,532,350 

42,750,436 

977,575 

(20,109,544) 

43,150,817 

- 
871,984 
879,413 
7,159 
20,411,493 

- 
1,149,095 
1,561,935 
412,840 
44,312,371 

- 
- 
- 
- 
977,575 

689,870 
- 
689,870
- 
(19,419,674) 

689,870 
2,021,079 
3,130,948 
419,999 
46,281,765 

- 
630,951 
- 
630,951 
- 
21,042,444 

- 
1,116,957 
- 
1,116,957 
- 
45,429,328 

- 
- 
48,693 
(510,707) 
(559,400) 
466,868 

(31,235,263)
(31,235,263) 
1,747,908 
- 
48,693 
-
(30,675,863)  (29,438,662) 
- 
559,400 
16,843,103 
(50,095,537)  

16 

16 

18 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

All figures are stated in Sterling 
Balance as at 1 January 2020 

Profit the year 
Shares issued 
Shares issued to pay deferred vendor liability 
Balance as at 31 December 2020 

Profit for the year 
Shares issued 
Warrants issued by Kibo Energy plc 
Warrants issued by Kibo Energy plc which expired during the year 
Balance as at 31 December 2021 
Note 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 27 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by: 
On behalf of the Board 

Christian Schaffalitzky  
_____________________________  

Noel O’Keeffe  
________________________  

39 

 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC  

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021   

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss for the period before taxation 
Adjustments for: 

(Profit)/Loss from the disposal of subsidiary 
Interest accrued 
Debt forgiven 
Warrants and options issued 
Impairment of goodwill 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Impairment of associates 
Loss from equity accounted associate 
Exploration and development expenditure on a Joint Operation 
Impairment of financial asset receivable 
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment 
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment 
Cost settled through the issue of shares 

Movement in working capital 

Change in debtors 
Change in creditors 
Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Proceeds of issue of share capital 
Proceeds from disposal of shares to non-controlling interest 
Repayment of lease liabilities 
Repayment of borrowings 
Net cash proceeds from financing activities 
Proceeds from borrowings 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Cash advanced to Joint Venture 
Property, plant and equipment acquired 
Intangible assets acquired 
Cash forfeited on disposal of subsidiary 
Net cash flows investing activities 
Cash received on sale of plant and equipment 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash 

Cash at beginning of period 
Cash at end of the period 
Exchange movement 

31 December 
2021 
Audited 
£ 

31 December 
2020 
Audited 
£ 

Notes 

(23,148,155) 

(6,417,237) 

(529,415) 
21,632 
(355,659) 
194,945 
300,000 
13,955,528 
6,449,681 
48,357 
91,179 
43,722 
10,635 
- 
(2,917,550) 
- 

102,414 
- 
- 
697,006 
- 
- 
- 
333 
1,122,676 
640,821 
5,685 
(53,574) 
(3,465,800) 
436,076 

(145,525) 
(386,483) 
(240,958) 
(3,304,033) 

108,872 
1,091,116 
982,244 
(2,374,684) 

3 

13 
10 
11 

9 

14 
21 

1,527,576 
6,099,500 
(2,275) 
(195,282) 
7,468,494 
38,975 

2,277,000
- 
- 
- 
3,647,000 
1,370,000 

(91,179) 
(1,654,239) 
(150,273) 
(272,075) 
(2,167,766) 
- 

(1,122,676) 
- 
- 
76,716 
(987,332) 
58,628 

1,996,695 

284,984 

256,760 
2,082,906 
(170,549) 

91,634 
256,760 
(119,858) 

15 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements.

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC  

 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

All figures are stated in Sterling 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Notes 

31 December  
2021 
Audited 
£ 

31 December  
2020 
Audited 
£ 

(Loss)/Profit for the period before taxation 
Adjusted for: 
Inter-company sales capitalised 
Fair value adjustment 
Share based payments 
Non-cash recoveries of expenses 
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries 
Expenses settled in shares 
Movement in working capital 

(Increase) / Decrease in debtors 
(Decrease)/ Increase in creditors 
Net cash outflows from operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Proceeds of issue of share capital 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Net cash proceeds from financing activities 
Repayment of borrowings 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Net cash used in investing activities 
Cash advances to Group Companies 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash 

Cash at end of the period 
Cash at beginning of period 

(31,235,263) 

689,870 

(61,000) 
1,635,881 
48,693
(114,253) 
29,379,842 
(346,100) 
- 

(174,000) 
(1,515,818) 
200,562 
(71,139) 
- 
(672,525) 
198,000 

(40,314) 
(145,129) 
(104,815) 
(491,229) 

322,382 
275,531 
(46,851) 
(396,994) 

1,497,176
-
1,447,169 
(50,007) 

940,000 
590,000 
1,530,000 
- 

14 
21 

16 
22 

25 

(858,054)  
(858,054) 

(1,022,607) 
(1,022,607) 

97,886 

110,399 

15 

141,788 
239,674 

31,389 
141,788 

The accompanying notes on pages 55-88 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

General Information 

Kibo Energy plc (“the Company”) is a Company incorporated in Ireland. The Group financial statements consolidate 
those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”). 

The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries are related to the exploration for and development of 
multi-asset energy projects in Sub Saharan Africa, and the United Kingdom. 
Statement of Compliance 

As  permitted  by  the  European  Union,  the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and their interpretations issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by the EU (IFRS).  

The IFRS adopted by the EU as applied by the Company and the Group in the preparation of these financial statements 
are those that were effective on 31 December 2021. 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2014. 
Statement of Accounting Policies 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated 
financial statements in the current financial period. 
Basis of Preparation 

The Group and Company financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the investment in 
Katoro  Gold  plc  which  is  measured  at  fair  value  by  the  Company.  The  accounting  policies  have  been  applied 
consistently by Group entities, except for the adoption of new standards and interpretations which became effective 
in the current year. The Group and Company financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as 
explained in the notes to the financial statements. 

The individual financial information of each Group entity is measured and presented in the currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). The consolidated financial information 
of  the  Group  is  presented  in  Pounds  Sterling,  which  is  the  presentation  currency  for  the  Group.  The  functional 
currency of each of the Group entities is the local currency of each individual entity. 
Going Concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis which contemplates the continuity of normal 
business activities and the realisation of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. In 
performing the going concern assessment, the Board considered various factors, including the availability of cash and 
cash  equivalents;  data  relating  to  working  capital  requirements  for  the  foreseeable  future;  cash-flows  from 
operational commencement, available information about the future, the possible outcomes of planned events, changes 
in future conditions, the current global economic situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic and Ukraine conflict and the 
responses to such events and conditions that would be available to the Board. 

The  Board  has,  inter  alia,  considered  the  following  specific  factors  in  determining  whether  the  Group  is  a  going 
concern:  
•
•

The significant financial loss for the year amounting to £23,148,155 (2020: £6,417,237);  
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  readily  available  to  the  Group  in  the  amount  of  £2,082,906  in  order  to  pay  its 
creditors  and  maturing  liabilities  in  the  amount  of  £2,198,437  as  and  when  they  fall  due  and  meet  its 
operating costs for the ensuing twelve months; and 
Whether  the  Group  has  available  cash  resources,  or  equivalent  short  term  funding  opportunities  in  the 
foreseeable future, to deploy in developing and growing existing operations or invest in new opportunities. 

•

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Following from the losses incurred in the current financial period, coupled with the net current liability position the 
Group finds itself in as at December 2021, these conditions, together with those mentioned above are considered to 
indicate that a material uncertainty exists which may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a 
going concern.  

This is largely attributable to the short-term liquidity position the Group finds itself in as a result of the significant 
capital  required  to  develop  projects  that  exceeds  cash  contributed  to  the  group  by  the  capital  contributors.  The 
Directors  have  evaluated  the  Groups  liquidity  requirements  to  confirm  whether  the  Group  has  adequate  cash 
resources  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  for  the  foreseeable  future,  taking  into  account  the  net  current  liability 
position,  and  consequently  prepared  a  cash  flow  forecast  covering  a  period  of  12  months  from  the  date  of  these 
financial statements, concluding that the Group would be able to continue its operations as a going concern.  

In  response  to  the  net  current  liability  position,  to  address  future  cash  flow  requirements,  detailed  liquidity 
improvement initiatives have been identified and are being pursued, with their implementation regularly monitored 
in order to ensure the Group is able to alleviate the liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the ability 
of the Group to continue as a going concern is dependent on the successful implementation or conclusion of the below 
noted matters in order to address the liquidity risk the Group faces on an ongoing basis:  

•

•

Successful  conclusion  of  funding  requirements  of  the  Group  in  order  to  continue  development  of  the 
underlying projects of the Group; and 
Successful realisation of the fossil fuel assets in the foreseeable future in order to contribute positively toward 
the cash reserves of the Group.  

As  the  Board  is  confident  it  would  be  able  to  successfully  implement  the  above  matters,  it  has  adopted  the  going 
concern basis of accounting in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 
Use of Estimates and Judgements 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  EU  IFRS  requires  management  to  make  judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses. 

The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  various  other  factors  that  are 
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about 
carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. 

In  particular,  there  are  significant  areas  of  estimation,  uncertainty  and  critical  judgements  in  applying  accounting 
policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements. 

The following key areas of estimation uncertainty exist: 

•

•

•
•
•
•

significant  estimation  uncertainty  inherent  in  determination  of  the  recoverable  amount  as  part  of  the 
impairment assessment  of  non-financial assets, which  include amongst others intangible assets related to 
mining rights and exploration licences as well as tangible assets in the form of property, plant or equipment; 
estimation uncertainty inherent in determination of the period of the useful life of Tangible and Intangible 
assets; 
estimation uncertainty inherent in determination of the incremental borrowing rate of leases; 
estimation uncertainty inherent in the fair value determination of investment in unlisted associates; 
estimation uncertainty in the valuation of share based instruments in issue; and 
estimation uncertainty inherent in the determination of credit loss allowance for other financial assets. 

The following key areas of judgement exist: 

•
•
•
•
•

Recognition and measurement of exploration and evaluation expenditure; 
Fair value determination of unlisted investments measured at fair value through profit or loss;  
Consolidation of Joint Venture interest; 
Consolidation of Associate interest; and 
Going concern. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Significant  estimation  uncertainty  inherent  in  determination  of  the  recoverable  amount  as  part  of  the 
impairment  assessment  of  non-financial  assets,  which  include  amongst  others  intangible  assets  related  to 
mining rights and exploration licences, associate investments as well as tangible assets in the form of property, 
plant or equipment 

In applying IAS 36, impairment assessments are performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  CGU  may  not  be  recoverable,  over  and  above  the  annual  impairment 
assessment required for goodwill and intangible assets which have an indefinite useful live. Estimates are made in 
determining the recoverable amount of assets which includes the estimation of cash flows and discount rates used. In 
estimating the cash flows, management bases cash flow projections on reasonable and supportable assumptions that 
represent management’s best estimate of the range of economic conditions that will exist over the remaining useful 
life of the assets. The discount rates used reflect the current market assessment of the time value of money and the 
risks specific to the assets for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted. Where the value in use 
basis to determine the recoverable amount is not considered appropriate the recoverable amount is based on fair 
market  value,  which  is  determined  by  identifying  recent  completed  sales  transactions  or  valuations  for  similar 
commodity  projects,  in  similar  condition  and  with  similar  stage  of  development  to  utilise  as  base  from  which  to 
quantify the proposed fair value at which an independent third party may be willing to acquire the assets. 
Estimation  uncertainty  inherent  in  determination  of  the  period  of  the  useful  life  of  Tangible  and  Intangible 
assets 

Depreciation “(Amortisation for intangible assets”) is charged on a systematic basis over the estimated useful lives of 
the assets after taking into account the estimated residual values of the assets. In determining the depreciable amount, 
management makes assumptions in respect of the residual value of assets based on the expected estimated amount 
that the entity would currently obtain from disposing the asset, after deducting the estimated costs of disposal. If an 
asset is expected to be abandoned, the residual value is estimated at nil. Useful live is either the period of time over 
which the asset is expected to be used or the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the 
use of the asset, taking into account the expected physical wear and tear, legal or similar limits of assets such as rights, 
condition and location of the asset as well as obsolescence. 
Estimation uncertainty inherent in determination of the incremental borrowing rate of leases  

The Group cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing 
rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Group would have to pay to borrow over 
a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use 
asset  in  a  similar  economic  environment.  The  IBR  therefore  reflects  what  the  Group  ‘would  have  to  pay’,  which 
requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and 
conditions of the lease. The Group estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when 
available and is required to make certain entity-specific estimates. 
Estimation uncertainty inherent in the fair value determination of investment in unlisted associates  

Following  the  disposal  of  the  controlling  interest  held  in  Mabesekwa  Coal  during  the  prior  financial  period,  the 
remaining interest in the Mabesekwa Coal indicated the existence of significant influence, thus the remaining equity 
investment is recognised as an investment in associate where its cost at initial recognition is equal to the fair value 
determined on loss of control. The principal asset held by Mabesekwa Coal comprises a pending mining licence for a 
prospective coal asset and coal resources where previous work had identified an indicative resource. The asset is 
considered  to  be  unique,  and  a  fair  market  price  is  not  easily  obtainable.  The  overall  value  of  the  investment  in 
associate, however, was separately reviewed by the independent directors, as announced to the market on various 
occasions, which is the basis utilised for the valuation of the associate on loss of control.  
Estimation uncertainty in the valuation of share-based instruments in issue 

Share-based instruments issued, such as warrants or options, or payments made require significant judgment and 
estimate concerning the method of valuation applied and key inputs applied respectively. In order to calculate the 
charge for share based warrants issued or payments as required by IFRS 9 and IFRS 2 respectively, the Group makes 
estimates principally relating to the assumptions used in its option-pricing model.  Refer to Note 18 for details on 
valuation of share-based transactions, including options and warrants granted. 
Estimation uncertainty inherent in the determination of credit loss allowance for other financial assets   
Lake Victoria Gold 

The credit loss allowance for the Lake Victoria Gold Receivable as disclosed in Note 12 was determined to be equal to 
a lifetime expected credit loss allowance following from the continued default of the counterparty.  

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

The continued default from the counterparty resulted in the credit risk increasing significantly during the period to 
lifetime expected credit losses for the financial asset receivable. With effect from 30 September 2021, the Group lost 
control over its net investment in Katoro Gold plc, following which the financial asset receivable was de-recognised. 
Blyvoor Joint Venture 

The Blyvoor joint operation agreement has been structured in such a way that all amounts contributed to the joint 
operations by Katoro is receivable from the Blyvoor joint operation once the project reaches commercial viability and 
starts generating positive cashflow to pay firstly the third party creditors and thereafter Katoro capital contributed 
to the joint operations. The credit loss allowance for the Blyvoor Joint Venture Receivable as disclosed in Note 12 was 
determined  to  be  equal  to  a  lifetime  expected  credit  loss  allowance  following  from  the  uncertainty  related  to  the 
commercial  viability  of  the  underlying  project  as  at  reporting  period  date  The  uncertainty  around  the  successful 
achievement of commercial viability of the project as at this point in time results in the increased credit risk to lifetime 
expected credit losses for the financial asset receivable. With effect from 30 September 2021, the Group lost control 
over its net investment in Katoro Gold plc, following which the financial asset receivable was de-recognised. 
Significant judgement concerning the choice of accounting policy w.r.t exploration and evaluation expenditure 

In line with the Group’s accounting policy, all the exploration and evaluation expenditure has been charged to profit 
or loss, as in the judgement of the Directors the commercial viability of the mineral deposits had not been established. 
If a policy of capitalisation of exploration expenditure had been adopted an amount of £738,750 would have been 
capitalised in the current year (2020: £2,052,202). 
Significant judgement relating to the consolidation of Joint Venture interest 

In the 2018 year Kibo entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (“JV”) acquiring a 65% equity interest in the Benga 
Power Plant Project (“BPPP”). Although the agreement refers to the existence of a 65% equity stake, and Kibo’s ability 
to  appoint  three  of  five  management  committee  members,  all  decisions  presented  in  front  of  the  management 
committee requires absolute agreement by all committee members before it stands, failing which it would result in a 
decision  to  be  made  between  the  two  respective  CEO’s  of  the  participating  entities  in  the  JV.  Furthermore,  the 
participating interest only allows to partake in the net revenue of the JV. 
Significant judgement relating to the consolidation of Associate interest 

In the current year Kibo’s effective equity interest in Katoro Gold Plc (“Katoro”) decreased from 25.37% to 20.88% as 
at 31 December 2021. Following the decrease in the direct equity interest held by Kibo in Katoro, coupled with the 
resignation of Lukas Marthinus Maree on 30 September 2021 from  the Board of Directors of  Kibo Energy plc,  the 
Group reassessed whether or not it continues to exercise sufficient power over Katoro to control the Company. Kibo, 
through its representatives (Directors & Senior Management) on the Board of Directors of Katoro, only represents 
two of five senior management positions of Katoro Gold plc with effect from 30 September 2021 at which point it 
became unable for Kibo to continue to exercise de-facto control over the operational activities of Katoro, as it lost the 
ability  to  use  its  power  to  affect  its  returns  from  Katoro.  On  that  basis  the  directors  consider  it  appropriate  to 
recognise  the  loss  of  control  over  Katoro  Gold  plc  Group  with  effect  from  30  September  2021,  at  which  point  the 
results of Katoro Gold plc was de-consolidated, and the remaining equity interest in Katoro Gold plc recognised at fair 
value as an associate, subsequently measured in accordance with the equity method  as prescribed by IAS 28.   
Significant judgement relating to the adoption of the Going Concern basis of preparation 

The Groups current liabilities exceed its current assets as at 31 December 2021 which contributes significantly to the 
material  uncertainty  related  to  the  going  concern  assumption  applied  in  preparation  of  the  financial  statements. 
Management applies judgement in determining whether or not the Group is able to continue as a going concern for 
the foreseeable future, in identifying the matters which give rise to the existence of the material uncertainty, and in 
developing responses thereto in order to address the risk of material uncertainty. 
Significant judgement relating to the classification of certain non-current assets as held for sale 

Throughout the year the Group has made numerous announcements related to the proposed sale of  its Mbeya Coal 
to  Power  and    Mabasekwa  Coal  to  Power  projects.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  coal  assets  are  immediately 
available for sale with the Group identifying various prospective buyers and the Board of Directors is committed to 
realisation of the assets through sale rather than through use, it is unlikely that the sale would be completed within 
12 months post year end due to the lengthy process related to the sale of such assets, which is why the Group has 
concluded not to classify these assets as non-current assets held for sale as at 31 December 2021.

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Consolidation  

The consolidated annual financial statements comprise the financial statements of Kibo Energy plc and its subsidiaries 
for the year ended 31 December 2021, over which the Company has control. 

Control is achieved when the Company: 

•
•
•

has the power over the investee; 
is exposed, or has rights, to variable return from its involvement with the investee; and 
has the ability to use its power to affect its returns.  

The  Company  reassesses  whether  or  not  it  controls  an  investee  if  facts  and  circumstance  indicate  that  there  are 
changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. 

De-facto control exists in situations where the Company has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the 
investee without holding the majority of the voting rights. 

•

In determining whether de-facto control exists the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including: 
The size of the Company’s voting rights relative to both the size and dispersion of other parties who hold 
voting rights;  
Substantive potential voting rights held by the company and by other parties;  
Other contractual arrangements; and 
Historic patterns in voting attendance. 

•
•
•

In  assessing  control,  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  or  convertible  are  taken  into  account. 
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.  

Accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the  policies 
adopted by the Group. 

Intragroup balances and any unrealised gains or losses or income or expenses arising from intragroup transactions 
are eliminated in preparing the Group financial statements, except to the extent they provide evidence of impairment. 

The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of the business 
combination is measured as the aggregate of the fair values of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity 
instruments issued. Costs directly attributable to the business combination are expensed as incurred, except the costs 
to issue debt  which are amortised as  part of the effective interest and costs to issue equity  which are included in 
equity. 

The acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities which meet the recognition conditions of IFRS 
3 Business Combinations are recognised at their fair values at acquisition date. 

Contingent liabilities are only included in the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquiree where there is a present 
obligation at acquisition date. 

Non-controlling interest arising from a business combination is measured either at their share of the fair value of the 
assets and liabilities of the acquiree or at fair value. The treatment is not an accounting policy choice but is selected 
for each individual business combination and disclosed in the note for business combinations. 

Changes  in  the  Group’s  interest  in  subsidiaries  that  do  not  result  in  a  loss  of  control  are  accounted  for  as  equity 
transactions. 

Upon the loss of control, the Company derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling 
interests and the other components  of equity  related to the subsidiary. Any  resulting gain  or loss is recognised in 
profit or loss. If the Company retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, such interest is measured at fair value at 
the date that control is lost. 

Any gain from the acquisition of a subsidiary or gain/loss from the disposal of subsidiary will be recognised through 
profit and loss in the current financial period. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Business combinations involving entities under common control 

Business combinations involving entities under common control comprise business combinations where both entities 
remain under the ultimate control of the holding company before and after the combination, and that control is not 
transitory. The group applies merger accounting for all its common control transactions from the date that it obtains 
control. In terms of this: 

•
•
•

•

•

•

the assets and liabilities of the acquiree are recorded at their existing carrying amounts (not fair value); 
if necessary, adjustments are made to achieve uniform accounting policies; 
intangible assets and contingent liabilities are recognised only to the extent that they were recognised by the 
acquiree in accordance with applicable IFRS; 
no goodwill is recognised. Any difference between the acquirer’s cost of investment and the acquiree’s equity 
is presented separately directly in equity as a common control reserve (CCR) on consolidation; 
any  non-controlling  interest  is  measured  as  a  proportionate  share  of  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  related 
assets and liabilities (as adjusted to achieve uniform accounting policies); and 
any expenses of the combination are written off immediately in profit or loss, except for the costs to issue 
debt  which  are  amortised  as  part  of  the  effective  interest  and  costs  to  issue  equity  which  are  recognised 
within equity. 

When control is lost, resulting in the common control of entities, the  balance of CCR recognised in respect of that 
acquisition is realised directly to retained earnings on the effective date when control is lost. 
Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets acquired separately 

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation 
and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful 
lives which are disclosed in Note 10. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of 
each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.  
Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life 

An  intangible  asset  is  regarded  as  having  an  indefinite  useful  life  when,  based  on  all  relevant  factors,  there  is  no 
foreseeable  limit  to  the  period  over  which  the  asset  is  expected  to  generate  net  cash  inflows.  Amortisation  is  not 
provided  for  these  intangible  assets  but  they  are  tested  for  impairment  annually  or  more  frequently  if  events  or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired, and it is subsequently carried at cost less 
accumulated impairment losses.  
Derecognition of intangible assets  

An  intangible  asset  is  derecognised  on  disposal,  or  when  no  future  economic  benefits  are  expected  from  use  or 
disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the 
net  disposal  proceeds  and  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset,  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  when  the  asset  is 
derecognised. 
Categories of intangible assets  

Intangible assets comprise the following: 

•

•

acquisition of rights to explore or mine in relation to the Group’s exploration and evaluation activities; and 
intellectual property acquired in relation to the Group’s renewable energy activities. 

Irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Group also tests intangible assets not yet available 
for use for impairment annually by comparing its carrying amount with its recoverable amount. This impairment 
test is performed during the annual period and at the same time every period. 
Investments in associates 

Associates are all entities over which the group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a 
shareholding between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity 
method of accounting. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost where the equity interest in the associate is 
acquired, however where control is lost over a subsidiary the remaining equity interest is recognised at fair value on 
date which control is lost and the fair value is deemed to be the cost of the investment in associate going forward and 
the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee 
after the date of acquisition. 

If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of 
the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate. 

The group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, and its share of 
post-acquisition  movements  in  other  comprehensive  income  is  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the group’s share of losses in an associate 
equal or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the group does not recognise 
further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate. 

The  group  determines  at  each  reporting  date  whether  there  is  any  objective  evidence  that  the  investment  in  the 
associate is impaired. If this is the case, the group calculates the amount of the impairment as the difference between 
the  recoverable  amount  of  the  associate  and  its  carrying  value  and  recognises  the  amount  adjacent  to  share  of 
profit/(loss) of associates in the statement of comprehensive income. 
Exploration & Evaluation Assets 

Exploration  and  evaluation  activity  involves  the  search  for  mineral  resources,  the  determination  of  technical 
feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. Exploration and evaluation activity 
includes: 
•
•
•
•
•
•

researching and analysing historical exploration data; 
gathering exploration data through topographical, geochemical and geophysical studies; 
exploratory drilling, trenching and sampling; 
determining and examining the volume and grade of the resource; 
surveying transportation and infrastructure requirements; and 
conducting market and finance studies. 

Exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  is  charged  to  the  Statement  of  Profit  or  Loss  as  incurred  except  in  the 
following circumstances, in which case the expenditure may be capitalised:  

In respect of minerals activities: 

•

•

the exploration and evaluation activity is within an area of interest which was previously acquired as an asset 
acquisition or in a business combination and measured at fair value on acquisition; or 
the existence of a commercially viable mineral deposit has been established. 

Capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure considered to be tangible is recorded as a component of property, 
plant and equipment at cost less impairment charges. Otherwise, it is recorded as an intangible. 

Intangible  assets  all  relate  to  exploration  and  evaluation  expenditure  which  are  carried  at  cost  with  an  indefinite 
useful life and therefore are reviewed for impairment annually and when there are indicators of impairment. Where 
a potential impairment is indicated, assessment is performed for each area of interest in conjunction with the group 
of operating assets (representing a cash generating unit) to which the exploration is attributed. Exploration areas at 
which  reserves  have  been  discovered  but  require  major  capital  expenditure  before  production  can  begin,  are 
continually evaluated to ensure that commercial quantities of reserves exist or to ensure that additional exploration 
work is under way or planned.  

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Impairment 

Non-financial assets 

Assets are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the 
asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of 
assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows 
(cash generating units). 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the 
carrying  amount  of  the  asset  (cash-generating  unit)  is  reduced  to  its  recoverable  amount.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss immediately. 
Property, Plant and Equipment  

Property, Plant and Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.  

Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items of property, plant and equipment. 
The cost of self-constructed items of property, plant and equipment includes the cost of materials and direct labour, 
any other costs directly attributable to bringing the items of property, plant and equipment to a working condition 
for its intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are 
located. 

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate 
items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less residual value of each asset over its expected 
useful life, as follows:  

•
•
•
•
•
•

Office equipment between 12.5% to 37.5% straight line; 
Plant & machinery at 20% straight line; 
Furniture & fixtures at 12.5% straight line; 
Motor vehicles at 25% straight line; 
Right of Use assets straight line over the lease term; and 
I.T. Equipment at 20% straight line 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. Useful lives are affected 
by  technology  innovations,  maintenance  programmes  and  future  economic  benefits.  Residual  value  assessments 
consider issues such as future market conditions, the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values.  

On disposal of property, plant and equipment the cost and the related accumulated depreciation and impairments are 
removed from the financial statements and the net amount, less any proceeds, is taken to the Statement of Profit or 
Loss and Other Comprehensive Income. 
Right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liability 

For any new contracts entered into the Group considers whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A lease is defined 
as ‘a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time in 
exchange  for  consideration’.  To  apply  this  definition  the  Group  assesses  whether  the  contract  meets  three  key 
evaluations which are whether:  

•

•

•

the  contract  contains  an  identified  asset,  which  is  either  explicitly  identified  in  the  contract  or  implicitly 
specified by being identified at the time the asset is made available to the Group. 
the Group has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset 
throughout the period of use, considering its rights within the defined scope of the contract 
the Group has the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. The Group assess 
whether it has the right to direct ‘how and for what purpose’ the asset is used throughout the period of use 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

At  lease  commencement  date,  the  group  recognises  a  right-of-use  asset  and  a  lease  liability  on  the  statement  of 
financial position. The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the initial measurement of the lease 
liability,  any  initial  direct  costs  incurred  by  the  group,  and  any  lease  payments  made  in  advance  of  the  lease 
commencement  date.  The  group  depreciates  the  right-of-use  assets  on  a  straight-line  basis  from  the  lease 
commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. 
The group also assesses the right-of-use asset for impairment when such indicators exist. At the commencement date, 
the group measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments unpaid at that date, discounted using 
the interest rate implicit  in  the lease if that rate is readily available or the group’s incremental borrowing rate. In 
determining the present value of the lease liability, the group has used its incremental borrowing rate of prime as the 
rate implicit in the lease was not readily available. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability 
are made up of fixed payments (including in substance fixed), variable payments based on an index or rate, amounts 
expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and payments arising from options reasonably certain to be 
exercised. 

Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability will be reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is 
remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments. When 
the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit and loss 
if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero. 

The group has elected to account for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets using the practical expedients. 
Instead of recognising a right-of-use asset and lease liability, the payments in relation to these are recognised as an 
expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

On the statement of financial position, right-of-use assets have been included in property, plant and equipment and 
lease liabilities have been included in trade payables. 
Income Tax 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the Income Statement 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.  

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively 
enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying 
amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  taxation  purposes. 
Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial 
recognition  of  assets  or  liabilities  in  a  transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination  and  that  affects  neither 
accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they probably 
will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to 
the temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by 
the reporting date. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against 
which temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced 
to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 
Employee benefits 

Short-term benefits 

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured  on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as  the related 
service is provided. 

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonuses or profit-sharing plans if 
the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by 
the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Foreign Currencies 

Functional and presentation currency 

Items  included  in  the  financial  statements  of  each  of  the  Group’s  entities  are  measured  using  the  currency  of  the 
primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (“the  functional  currency”).  The  consolidated  annual 
financial statements are presented in Sterling, which is the Group’s presentation currency. This is also the functional 
currency of the Company and is considered by the Board also to be appropriate for the purposes of preparing the 
Group financial statements.  
Transactions and balances  

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the 
dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and 
from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
are recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss.  
Group companies  

The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none  of  which has  the currency  of a hyperinflationary 
economy)  that  have  a  functional  currency  different  from  the  presentation  currency  are  translated  into  the 
presentation currency as follows:  

•

•

•

monetary assets and liabilities for each Statement of Financial Position presented are presented at the closing 
rate at the date of that Statement of Financial Position. Non-monetary items are measured at the exchange 
rate in effect at the historical transaction date and are not translated at each Statement of Financial Position 
date; 
income and expenses for each Statement of Profit or Loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless 
this  average  is  not  a  reasonable  approximation  of  the  cumulative  effect  of  the  rates  prevailing  on  the 
transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transaction): and 
all  resulting  exchange  differences  are  recognised  as  a  separate  component  of  equity.  On  consolidation, 
exchange differences arising from the translation of monetary items receivable from foreign subsidiaries for 
which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to shareholders 
equity. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit 
or Loss as part of the gain or loss on sale. 

Finance income and expense 

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested, dividend income, gains on the disposal of available-for-
sale financial assets, and changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Interest income 
is recognised as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognised in profit 
or loss on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established, which in the case of listed securities is the 
ex-dividend date. 

Finance expenses comprise interest expense on borrowings, unwinding of discount on provisions, changes in the fair 
value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, impairment losses recognised on financial assets and losses 
on forward exchange contracts that are recognised in profit or loss. All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or 
loss using the effective interest method. 

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.  
Earnings per Share 

The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by 
dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable 
to  ordinary  shareholders  and  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  for  the  effects  of  all 
dilutive potential ordinary shares.  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Financial Instruments 

Recognition 

Financial  instruments  comprise  other  financial  assets  receivable,  trade  and  other  receivables,  cash  and  cash 
equivalents, trade and other payables, other financial liabilities and borrowings. 

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position when the Group becomes 
a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.  
Classification 

The  Group  classifies  financial  assets  on  initial  recognition  as  measured  at  amortised  cost  as  the  Group’s  business 
model and objective is to hold the financial asset in order to collect the contractual cash flow and the contractual terms 
allows for cash flows on specified dates for the payment of the principal amounts outstanding. 

Financial liabilities are classified at amortised cost.  

Financial assets 

Classification  

Other financial assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Investment in listed entities 
Financial liabilities 

Financial assets at amortised cost 
Financial assets at amortised cost 
Financial assets at amortised cost 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Classification 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Financial assets are classified as current if expected to be realised or settled within 12 months from the reporting 
date; if not, they are classified as non-current. Financial liabilities are classified as non-current if the Group has an 
unconditional right to defer payment for more than 12 months from the reporting date.  
Measurement on Initial recognition 

All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value, including transaction costs. 
Subsequent measurement 

Financial  assets  held  at  amortised  cost  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method, less any impairment losses.  

Foreign exchange gains and losses and impairments are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on de-recognition 
is recognised in profit or loss. 

Financial  assets  held  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  are  subsequently  measured  at  fair  value  with  fair  value 
movement recognised through profit or loss.  

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 
De-recognition 

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been 
transferred and the group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. 

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligations specified in the contracts are discharged, cancelled or 
expire.  

On de-recognition of a financial asset/liability, any difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the 
consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Impairment of Financial Assets not carried at Fair value 

Under IFRS 9 the Group calculates its allowance for credit losses as expected credit losses (ECLs) for financial assets 
measured at amortised cost. ECLs are a probability weighted estimate of credit losses. 

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between 
its  carrying  amount,  and  the  present  value  of  the  estimated  future  cash  flows  discounted  at  the  original  effective 
interest rate. 

Significant  financial  assets  are  tested  for  impairment  on  an  individual  basis.  The  remaining  financial  assets  are 
assessed collectively in Groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. 

An impairment loss is reversed if the reversal can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment 
loss was recognised. For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.  
Warrant reserves  

For such grants of share options or warrants qualifying as equity-settled share-based payments, the fair value as at 
the  date  of  grant  is  calculated  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model,  taking  into  account  the  terms  and 
conditions upon which the options or warrants were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to 
reflect the actual number of share options or warrants that are likely to vest, except where forfeiture is only due to 
market-based conditions not achieving the threshold for vesting. 
Share based payments 

For such grants of share options qualifying as equity-settled share-based payments, the fair value as at the date of 
grant is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon 
which the options were granted. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of 
share options that are likely to vest, except where forfeiture is only due to market-based conditions not achieving the 
threshold for vesting. 
Share Capital 

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised directly in equity. 
Issue Expenses and Share Premium Account  

Issue expenses directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares are written off against the premium arising 
on the issue of share capital where ordinary shares are issued at a premium. Where the ordinary shares are issued at 
their nominal value, the issue expenses directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares is set off against 
the accumulated loss reserve. 
Segment reporting 

The Group determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is internally provided to the 
Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker. A segment is a distinguishable component of the 
Group that is engaged either in providing related products or services (business segment), or in providing products 
or services within a particular economic environment (geographical segment), which is subject to risks and returns 
that are different from those of the other segments. The Group’s primary format for segment reporting is based on 
business segments. The business segments are determined based on the reporting business units.  
Joint arrangements  

Joint arrangements are arrangements in which the Group shares joint control with one or more parties. Joint control 
is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement and exists only when decisions about the activities 
that  significantly  affect  the  arrangement’s  returns  require  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  parties  sharing  control. 
Judgement is required in determining this classification through an evaluation of the facts and circumstances arising 
from each individual arrangement. Joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures based 
on the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangement. 
53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

In joint operations, the parties have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement, 
whereas in joint ventures, the parties have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Joint arrangements that are 
not structured through a separate vehicle are always joint operations. Joint arrangements that are structured through 
a separate vehicle may be either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the substance of the arrangement. In 
these cases, consideration is given to the legal form of the separate vehicle, the terms of the contractual arrangement 
and, when relevant, other facts and circumstances. The Group accounts for joint operations by recognising the assets, 
liabilities,  revenue,  and  expenses  for  which  it  has  rights  or  obligations,  including  its  share  of  such  items  held  or 
incurred jointly. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS  

Standards issued but not yet effective: 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations relevant to the 
Group and which have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but were not yet effective. In some 
cases these standards and guidance have not been endorsed for use in the European Union.

Standard 

Effective date, 
annual period 
beginning on or 
after 

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements 

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Noncurrent: Narrow-scope amendments to IAS 1 to 
clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current. 

1 January 2023 

Disclosure  of  Accounting  Policies:  The  amendments  require  companies  to  disclose  their 
material accounting policy information rather than their significant accounting policies, with 
additional  guidance  added  to  the  Standard  to  explain  how  an  entity  can  identify  material 
accounting policy information with examples of when accounting policy information is likely 
to be material. 
IAS 12 amendments on deferred tax 

1 January 2023 

The  IASB  issued  'Deferred  Tax  related  to  Assets  and  Liabilities  arising  from  a  Single 
Transaction (Amendments to IAS 12)' that clarify how companies account for deferred tax on 
transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations.  
IFRS 3 amendments updating a reference to the Conceptual Framework 

The  IASB  issued  'Reference  to  the  Conceptual  Framework  (Amendments  to  IFRS  3)'  with 
amendments to IFRS 3 'Business Combinations' that update an outdated reference in IFRS 3 
without significantly changing its requirements.  
Disclosure of accounting policies 

The amendments that are intended to help preparers in deciding which accounting policies to 
disclose in their financial statements.
IAS 16 amendments regarding proceeds before intended use 

Proceeds before Intended Use (Amendments to IAS 16)' regarding proceeds from selling items 
produced while bringing an asset into the location and condition necessary for it to be capable 
of operating in the manner intended by management. 
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2023 

1 January 2022 

Definition  of  Accounting  Estimates:  The  amendments  clarify  how  companies  should 
distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates, by replacing 
the  definition  of  a  change  in  accounting  estimates  with  a  new  definition  of  accounting 
estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial 
statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. The requirements for recognising 
the effect of change in accounting prospectively remain unchanged. 

1 January 2023 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

IAS 37 Onerous Contracts — Cost of Fulfilling a Contract 

1 January 2022 

1 January 2022 

The amendments specify that the ‘cost of fulfilling’ a contract comprises the ‘costs that relate 
directly to the contract’. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs 
of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other 
costs  that  relate  directly  to  fulfilling  contracts  (an  example  would  be  the  allocation  of  the 
depreciation  charge  for  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  used  in  fulfilling  the 
contract). 
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2021 

IFRS 9 – The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the ‘10 per cent’ 
test in paragraph B3.3.6 of IFRS 9 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability. An 
entity includes only fees paid or received between the entity (the borrower) and the lender, 
including fees paid or received by either the entity or the lender on the other’s behalf 

IFRS 16 – The amendment to Illustrative Example 13 accompanying IFRS 16 removes from the 
example  the  illustration  of  the  reimbursement  of  leasehold  improvements  by  the  lessor  in 
order to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might 
arise because of how lease incentives are illustrated in that example. 

IFRS  1  –  The  amendment  permits  a  subsidiary  that  applies  paragraph  D16(a)  of  IFRS  1  to 
measure cumulative translation differences using the amounts reported by its parent, based on 
the parent’s date of transition to IFRSs.

The  directors  anticipate  that  the  adoption  of  these  Standards  and  Interpretations  in  future  periods  will  have  no 
material impact on the financial statements of the Group.  

The Group expects to adopt all relevant standards and interpretations as and when they become effective. 
Standards and interpretations which are effective in the current period (Changes in accounting policies): 

None  of  these  standards  which  became  effective  during  the  period  which  are  applicable  to  the  Group,  have  had  a 
material impact. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

1.  Segment analysis 

IFRS 8 requires an entity to report financial and descriptive information about its reportable segments, which are operating segments or aggregations of operating segments that meet 
specific criteria. Operating segments are components of an entity about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating decision maker. 
The Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating decision maker of the Group.  

2021 Group 

Management currently identifies individual projects as operating segments. These operating segments are monitored and strategic decisions are made based upon their individual nature, 
together with other non-financial data collated from exploration activities. Principal activities for these operating segments are as follows: 
31 December 
2021 (£) 
Group 

Blyvoor 
Joint 
Venture 

Mbeya Coal to 
Power 

Bordersley 
Power 

Rochdale 
Power 

Pyebridge 
Power 

Haneti 

Sustineri 
Energy 

Corporate 

Benga 
Power J.V 

Mabesekwa 
Coal to 
Power 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Administrative and 
other cost 
Listing and Capital 
raising fees 
Impairments 
Project and 
exploration 
expenditure   
Investment and 
Loss after tax 
other income 

2020 Group 

- 
- 
(26,682) 

- 
- 
(13,944) 

- 
- 
(43,967) 

- 
- 
(332,550) 

- 
- 
(4,641) 

3,245 
(34,321) 
(13,448) 

- 
- 
(82,504) 

- 
- 
(141,098) 

- 

(16,799) 

- 
- 
(1,097) 

- 
- 
(1,743,750) 

3,245 
(34,321) 
(2,420,480)

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
(74,337) 

(6,132,711) 
- 

(13,955,528) 
(100,165) 

(300,000) 
(24,878) 

- 
(11,265) 

- 
(44,004) 

- 
(119,101) 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

(321,365) 

(321,365) 

- 
(126,173)

- 
(94,207) 

(316,969) 
(93,833)

(20,705,208) 
(687,963) 

787 
(100,232) 

- 
(6,146,655)  

48,298 
(14,051,362) 

355,659 
(301,769) 

- 
(15,906) 

- 
(88,528) 

- 
(201,605) 

16,505 
(124,593) 

5,134 
(137,838) 

- 
(95,304) 

591,554 
(1,884,363) 

1,017,937 
(23,148,155)  

Benga 
Power J.V 

Mabesekwa 
Independent 
Power 

Mbeya 
Coal to 
Power 

Bordersley 
Power 

Haneti 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 

Blyvoor Joint 
Venture 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

Corporate 

Administrative and other cost 

Listing and Capital raising fees 
Project and exploration expenditure 
Loss after tax 
Investment and other income 

(17,677) 

- 
(260,170) 
(277,847) 
- 

(10,182) 

(39,424) 

(219,821) 

(13,745) 

(909,306) 

(16,053) 

(2,190,113) 

(3,416,321) 

- 
(8,557) 
(18,739) 
- 

- 
(112,762) 
(98,586) 
53,600 

(161,743) 
(276,000) 
(657,564) 
- 

- 
(133,906) 
(147,651) 
- 

- 
(59,041) 
(965,719) 
2,628 

- 
(1,201,768) 
(1,210,878) 
6,943 

(865,915) 
- 
(3,040,253) 
15,775 

(1,027,658) 
(2,052,204) 
(6,417,237) 
78,946 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

2021 Group

Assets 

Segment assets 
Liabilities 

Segment liabilities 
2020 Group 

Assets 

Segment assets 
Liabilities 

Benga 
Power J.V 

Mabesekwa 
Coal to 
Power 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 

Bordersley 
Power 

Rochdale 
Power 

Pyebridge 
Power 

Sustineri 
Energy  

Katoro 
Gold plc 

Corporate 

31 December 
2021 (£) 
Group 

14,219 

3,405,354 

1,944,925 

3,085,261 

261,454 

2,491,666 

278,985 

528,764 

2,284,737 

14,295,365 

10,065 

5,577 

52,379 

394,588 

5,570 

70,847 

18,976 

- 

1,929,480 

2,487,482 

Benga 
Power J.V 

Mabesekwa 
Coal to 
Power 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 

Bordersle
y Power 

Haneti 

Lake 
Victoria 
Gold 

Blyvoor 
Joint 
Venture 

Corporate 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

27,022 

9,696,351 

15,902,052 

2,895,204 

16,410 

2,543 

17,340 

305,298 

28,862,220 

Segment liabilities 

93,245 

10,297 

152,155 

470,507 

66,731 

21,603 

5,738 

1,483,256 

2,303,532 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Geographical segments 

The Group operates in six principal geographical areas being Tanzania (Exploration), Botswana (Exploration), Cyprus (Corporate), South Africa (Renewable Energy), United 
Kingdom (Renewable Energy) and Ireland (Corporate). 

Tanzania 

Botswana 

Cyprus 

United 
Kingdom 

South 
Africa 

Ireland  

31 December 
2021 (£) 

Carrying value of segmented assets  
Profit/ Loss after tax 

1,944,925 
(14,211,842) 

3,405,354 
(6,143,283) 

188,879 
(1,008,539) 

283,831 
(218,316)

7,630,489 
(1,827,534) 

841,887 
261,359 

14,295,365
(23,148,155) 

Tanzania 

Botswana 

Cyprus 

United 
Kingdom 

South 
Africa 

Ireland   

31 December 
2020 (£) 

Carrying value of segmented assets  

21,910 

9,696,351 

76,398 

19,744 

2,895,204 

16,152,613

28,862,220 

Loss after tax 

(180,570) 

(332) 

(3,741,808) 

(1,196,471) 

(657,564) 

(640,492) 

(6,417,237) 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC                          ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

2.  Revenue 

Electricity sales 

 31 December 
2021 (£) 
Group 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

3,245 
3,245 

- 
- 

Revenue comprised ancillary electricity sales from operational testing of the renewable energy operations of MAST 
Energy Developments plc in the United Kingdom.
3.  Other Income 

31 December 
2021 (£) 
Group 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

31 December 
2021 (£) 
Company 

31 December 
2020 (£) 
Company 

Debt forgiven 
Profit  on  the  loss  of  control  over 
subsidiary 
Profit on sale of plant and equipment 
Recoveries 
Other income 

355,659 

- 

- 

- 

529,415 
- 
- 
1,017,937 
132,863 

- 
53,574 
- 
78,945 
25,371 

- 
- 
61,000 
135,709 
74,709 

- 
- 
174,000 
174,000 
- 

MAST  Energy  Projects  Ltd  (MEP),  a  100%  owned  and  controlled  subsidiary  of  MAST  Energy  Developments  plc,  a 
subsidiary of the Group, had certain outstanding and accrued consulting fees owing to a service provider (St. Anderton 
on Vaal) relating to the period 2019 to 2021.The settlement value of these fees (the “Consulting Fees”) has now been 
agreed between MEP, MAST and St. Anderton on Vaal. The settlement comprised cash payments for a total amount of 
£169,603, shares issued in the amount of £169,603 by MAST Energy Developments plc and the remainder of the debt 
being forgiven. 

On 30 September 2021, the Group lost the ability to exercise control over the operations of Katoro Gold plc and its 
subsidiaries  (hereinafter  referred  to  as  the  “Katoro  Group”)  following  from  the  resignation  of  certain  Company 
directors, which resulted in the recognition of a gain on loss of control in the amount of £529,415. Refer to Note 11 
for further detail relating to the loss of control over the investee. 
4.  Loss on ordinary activities before taxation 

Operating loss is stated after the following key transactions: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  
Impairment of other financial assets – receivable from Lake Victoria Gold   
Loss on disposal of subsidiaries 
Group auditors’ remuneration for audit of financial statements 
Subsidiaries auditors’ remuneration for audit of the financial statements  
Impairment of goodwill 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Impairment of associates 

31  
December 
2021 (£)  
Group 

31 
December 
2020 (£) 
Group 

10,635 
16,240 
- 
45,000 
155,094 
300,000 
13,955,528 
6,449,682 

5,685 
640,821 
102,414 
45,000 
158,122 
- 
- 
- 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC                          ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

5.  Staff costs (including Directors) 

Group  
31 December 
2021 (£) 

Group  
31 December 
2020 (£) 

Company  
31 December 
2021 (£) 

Company  
31 December 
2020 (£) 

Wages and salaries  
Share based remuneration 

898,145
1,044,395 
146,250 

1,028,318 
1,254,096 
225,778 

27,415 
27,415 
- 

38,595 
38,595 
- 

The average monthly number of employees (including executive Directors) during the period was as follows: 

Group  
31 December 
2021 (£) 

Group  
31 December 
2020 (£) 

Company  
31 December 
2021 (£) 

Company  
31 December 
2020 (£) 

Exploration activities 
Administration

6.  Directors’ emoluments 

10 
17 
7 

10 
16 
6 

1 
2 
1 

1 
2 
1 

Group  
31 December 
2021 (£) 

Group  
31 December 
2020 (£) 

Company  
31 
December 
2021 (£) 

Company  
31 
December 
2020 (£) 

Basic salary and fees accrued 
Share based payments 

361,262 
361,262 
- 

434,823 
434,823 
- 

27,415 
27,415 
- 

38,595 
38,595 
- 

The emoluments of the Chairman were £20,578 (2020: £27,837). The emoluments of the highest paid director were 
£129,347 (2020: £170,190). 

Directors received shares in the value of £Nil during the year (2020: £Nil) and warrants to the value of £Nil (2020: 
£Nil) during the year. 

Key  management  personnel  consist  only  of  the  Directors.  Details  of  share  options  and  interests  in  the  Company’s 
shares of each director are shown in the Directors’ report.  

The following table summarises the remuneration applicable to each of the individuals who held office as a director 
during the reporting period: 

31 December 2021 

Salary and 
fees 
accrued 
£ 

Salary and 
fees settled 
in shares  
£ 

Warrants 
issued 
£ 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos 
Total 
Christiaan Schutte 

20,578 
129,347 
38,319 
7,349 
7,349 
36,050 
361,262 
122,270 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

61 

     Total 
£ 

20,578 
129,347 
38,319 
7,349 
7,349 
36,050 
361,262 
122,270 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC                          ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

31 December 2020 

Christian Schaffalitzky 
Louis Coetzee 
Noel O’Keeffe 
Lukas Maree 
Wenzel Kerremans 
Andreas Lianos 
Total 
Christiaan Schutte 

Salary and 
fees 
accrued 
£ 

Salary and 
fees settled 
in shares  
£ 

Warrants 
issued 
£ 

27,837 
170,190 
66,085 
78,892 
16,702 
62,168 
434,823 
12,949 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

     Total 
£ 

27,837 
170,190 
66,085 
78,892 
16,702 
62,168 
434,823 
12,949 

As at 31 December 2021, an amount of £443,336 (2020: £474,267) was due and payable to Directors for services 
rendered not yet settled.
7.  Taxation 

Current tax 

31 December 
2021 (£) 

31 December 
2020 (£) 

Charge for the period in respect of corporate taxation 
Total tax charge 

- 
- 

- 
- 

The difference between the total current tax shown above and the amount calculated by applying the standard rate 
of corporation tax for various jurisdictions to the loss before tax is as follows: 
2020 (£) 
(6,417,237)

2021 (£) 
(23,148,155)

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 

Income tax expense calculated at blended rate of 18.86% (2020: 14.9%) 

(4,365,742) 

(956,168) 

Income which is not taxable 
Expenses which are not deductible 
Losses available for carry forward 
Income tax expense recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss 

(100,589) 
3,959,520 
506,811 
- 

(1,515,818) 
2,919,587 
(447,601) 
- 

The effective tax rate used for the December 2021 and December 2020 reconciliations above is the corporate rate of 
18.86% and 14.9% payable by corporate entities on taxable profits under tax law in that jurisdiction respectively. 

No provision has been made for the 2021 deferred taxation as no taxable income has been received to date, and the 
probability  of  future  taxable  income  is  indicative  of  current  market  conditions  which  remain  uncertain.  At  the 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  date,  the  Directors  estimate  that  the  Group  has  unused  tax  losses  of  £38,201,734 
(2020:  £35,320,553)  available  for  potential  offset  against  future  profits  which  equates  to  an  estimated  potential 
deferred  tax  asset  of  £5,076,208  (2020:  £4,569,667).  No  deferred  tax  asset  has  been  recognised  due  to  the 
unpredictability  of  the  future  profit  streams.  Losses  may  be  carried  forward  indefinitely  in  accordance  with  the 
applicable taxation regulations ruling within each of the above jurisdictions. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC                          ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

8.  Loss per share 

Basic loss per share 

Basic Loss per share 

The basic loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used for calculation purposes comprise the following: 
31 December 
2020 (£) 

31 December 
2021(£) 

Loss  for  the  period  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the 
parent 

Weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  for  the 
purposes of basic loss per share 

(21,996,968) 

(4,726,286) 

2,480,279,189 

1,546,853,959 

Basic loss per ordinary share (GBP) 

(0.009) 

(0.003) 

As there are no instruments in issue which have a dilutive impact, the dilutive loss per share is equal to the basic loss 
per share, and thus not disclosed separately. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Disposals  
Additions 
Closing Cost as at 31 December 2021
Exchange movements 

- 
602,500 
602,500 
- 

9.   Property, plant and equipment 

GROUP 

Cost 
Opening Cost as at 1 January 2020 

Disposals 
Additions  
Closing Cost as at 31 December 2020
Exchange movements 

Accumulated Depreciation (“Acc Depr”)
Acc Depr as at 1 January 2020 

Disposals 
Depreciation 
Acc Depr as at 31 December 2020
Exchange movements 

Disposals 
Depreciation 
Acc Depr as at 31 December 2021 
Exchange movements 

Land 
(£) 

Furniture 
and Fittings 
(£) 

Motor Vehicles 
(£) 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T 
Equipment 
(£) 

Plant & 
Machinery 
(£) 

Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

2,535 

25,084 

5,071 

4,997 

11,262 

67,941 

Total 

(£) 
116,890 

- 
- 
2,436 
(99) 

- 
- 
2,465 
29 

(7,972) 
- 
16,131 
(981) 

- 
- 
16,323 
192 

- 
- 
4,970 
(101) 

- 
- 
4,942 
(28) 

- 
- 
4,989 
(8) 

- 
509 
5,390 
(108) 

- 
- 
8,601 
(2,661) 

(67,941) 
- 
- 
- 

(75,913) 
- 
37,127 
(3,850) 

- 
2,011,409 
2,020,112 
102 

- 
- 
293,793 
2,908,211 
293,793  2,945,525 
187 
- 
Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

Total 

(£) 
52,485 

Land 
(£) 

Furniture 
and Fittings 
(£) 

Motor Vehicles 

(£) 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T 
Equipment 
(£) 

Plant & 
Machinery 
(£) 

2,535 

18,202 

4,392 

3,355 

11,262 

12,739 

- 
- 
2,436 
(99)  

- 
- 
2,465 
29 

(6,606) 
5,117 
15,285 
(1,428) 

- 
842 
16,323 
196 

- 
141 
4,398 
(135) 

- 
- 
4,407 
9 

- 
427 
4,289 
507 

- 
- 
4,074 
(215) 

- 
- 
8,601 
(2,661) 

- 
- 
8,704 
103 

(12,739) 
- 
- 
- 

(19,345) 
5,685 
35,009 
(3,816) 

- 
9,793 
9,793 
- 

- 
10,635 
45,766 
122 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Carrying Value 
Carrying value as at 31 December 2020 
Carrying value as at 31 December 2021 

Land 
(£) 

Furniture 
and Fittings 
(£) 

- 
602,500 

- 
- 

Motor Vehicles 

(£) 

Office 
Equipment 
(£) 

I.T 
Equipment 
(£) 

Plant & 
Machinery 
(£) 

Right of use 
assets 
(£) 

Total 

(£) 

846 
-  

572 
  535 

700 
1,316 

- 
2,011,408 

- 

2,118 
284,000  2,899,759 

64 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
  
  
  
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Pyebridge Power Ltd - 2021 

The Group acquired a 100% equity interest in Pyebridge Power Limited ("Pyebridge") for £2,500,000 in cash which 
is settled as follows: 

•
•

An initial £1,485,500 to be paid in cash at completion date on the 10th of August 2021; 
Repayment of the loan outstanding of £14,500 by Sloane Developments Limited to Pyebridge; 

Deferred consideration of £1,000,000 to be paid in two tranches 8 months and 12 months respectively from the date 
of completion.  

The acquisition of PyeBridge comprise of the following: 

•
•

An installed and commissioned synchronous gas-powered standby generation plant and machinery; and 
The land on which the gas-powered facility stands.  

The  acquisition  of  land  and  gas-powered  generation  facility  has  been  accounted  for  as  assets  purchased  at 
consolidated level, and not as a business combination in accordance with IFRS 3. Therefore, the purchase price has 
been  allocated  between  land  and  the  plant  and  machinery  based  on  their  respective  fair  values  as  at  the  date  of 
acquisition.
Right of use asset

The Group has one lease contract for land it shall utilise to construction a 5MW gas-fuelled power generation plant. 
The land is located at Bordersley, Liverpool St. Birmingham.  

The lease of the land has a lease term of 20 years, with an option to extend for 10 years which the Group has opted to 
include due to the highly likely nature of extension as at the time of the original assessment.  

The Group’s obligations under its leases are secured by the lessor’s title to the leased assets. The Group’s incremental 
Right of use asset 
borrowing rate is 8.44%. 

31 December 
2021(£) 
Group 

31 December 
2020(£) 
Group 

Set  out  below  are  the  carrying  amounts  of  right-of-use  assets 
recognised and the movements during the period: 
Opening balance 

Additions 
Closing balance 
Depreciation 

Lease liability 
Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease liabilities and the 
movements during the period: 
Opening balance 

Additions
Interest
Closing balance 
Repayment

Spilt of lease liability between current and non-current portions: 

Non-current 
Total 
Current 

- 

293,793 
284,000 
(9,793) 

- 

293,793
24,725
291,518 
(27,000)

289,045 
291,518 
2,473 

65 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

-
-
- 
-

- 
- 

- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Future minimum lease payments fall due as follows 

- within 1 year 
- later than 1 year but within 5 years 
Subtotal 
- later than 5 years 

Closing balance 
- Unearned future finance charges

- 

27,000 
108,000 
783,000 
648,000 

291,518 
(491,482) 

A 1% change in the Incremental Borrowing Rate (“IBR”), would result in a £25,185 change in the Right of Use Asset, 
and corresponding Lease Liability on transaction date. 
10.  Intangible assets 

Intangible assets consist of separately identifiable prospecting, exploration and renewable energy assets in the form 
of licences, intellectual property or rights acquired either through business combinations or through separate asset 
acquisitions.  

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of intangible assets as at period end:  

Rochdale 
Power 
(£) 

Sustineri 
Energy  
(£) 

Mbeya Coal 
to Power 
Project (£) 

Bordersley 
Power (£) 

Total (£) 

Carrying value at 1 January 2020 

Carrying value at 1 January 2021 
Impairments 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

15,896,105 

2,595,000 

18,491,105 

15,896,105 
- 

2,595,000 
- 

18,491,105 
- 

Impairments 
Acquisition of Rochdale Power 
Carrying value at 31 December 2021 
Acquisition of Sustineri Energy 

- 
150,273 
150,273 
- 

- 
- 
278,700 
278,700 

(13,955,528) 
-
1,940,577 
- 

- 
-
2,595,000 
- 

(13,955,528) 
150,273
4,964,550 
278,700 

Intangible assets attributable to prospecting or exploration activities with an indefinite useful life are not amortised 
until such time that active mining operations commence, which will result in the intangible asset being amortised over 
the useful life of the relevant project. 

Intangible assets attributable to renewable energy activities are amortised once commercial production commenced, 
over the remaining useful life of the project, which is estimated to be between 20 to 30 years, depending on the unique 
characteristics of each project. 

Until such time as the underlying operations commence production commences, intangible assets with an indefinite 
useful life are assessed for impairment on an annual basis, against the recoverable value of the intangible asset, or 
earlier if an indication of impairment exists. 

One  or  more  of  the  following  facts  or  circumstances  indicate  that  an  entity  should  test  an  intangible  asset  for 
impairment: 
•

the period for which the entity has the right to develop the asset has expired during the period or will expire in 
the foreseeable future; 
substantial expenditure on the asset in future is neither planned nor budgeted; 
sufficient data exists to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying 
amount of the development asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale. 

•
•

In assessing whether a write-down is required in the carrying value of a potentially impaired intangible asset, the 
asset’s carrying value is compared with its recoverable amount.  

The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The valuation techniques applicable to the valuation of the abovementioned intangible assets comprise a combination 
of fair market values, discounted cash flow projections and historic transaction prices. 

The following key assumptions influence the measurement of the intangible assets’ recoverable amounts, through 
utilising the value in use calculation performed:  

•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

measurement of the available resources and reserves; 
currency fluctuations and exchange movements applicable to the valuation model; 
commodity prices related to resources and reserve and forward looking statements; 
expected growth rates in respect of production capacity; 
cost of capital related to funding requirements; 
determination of the commercial viability period; 
applicable discounts rates, inflation and taxation implications; 
future operating expenditure related to the realisation of the respective project assets; and 
co-operation of key project partners going forward. 

The following key assumptions influence the measurement of the intangible assets’ recoverable amounts, through 
utilising the fair value calculation performed:  

•

Determination of consideration receivable based on recently completed transactions, considering the nature, 
location, size and desirability of recently completed transactions, for similar assets. 

A summary of each project and the impairment assessment performed for each of the intangible assets are detailed 
below.  
Mbeya Coal to Power Project 

The Mbeya Coal to Power Project situated in the Mbeya region of Tanzania, which comprises the Mbeya Coal Mine, a 
potential 1.5Mt p/a mining operation, and the Mbeya Power Plant, a planned 300MW mine-mouth thermal power 
station. The Mbeya Coal Mine has a defined 120.8 Mt NI 43-101 thermal coal resource. The 300MW mouth-of-mine 
thermal power station has long term scalability with the potential to become a 1000MW plant. The completed full 
Power  Feasibility  Study  highlighted  an  annual  power  output  target  of  1.8GW  based  on  annual  average  coal 
consumption of 1.5Mt. 

Subsequent to the completion of a compulsory tender process through TANESCO on the development of the Mbeya 
Coal to Power Project, the Group was informed that its bid to secure a Power-Purchase Agreement was unsuccessful 
in February 2019. Further engagement with TANESCO has subsequently culminated in the receipt of a formal notice 
from TANESCO during 2020 inviting the Group it to develop the Mbeya Coal to Power Project for the export market 
and thereby enabling the Company to engage with the African Power Pools regarding potential off-take agreements. 
Result of impairment review undertaken during the period 

The Group continued to pursue the possible development of the Mbeya Coal to Power Project for the export market 
during 2021, however the increase in global scepticism around the development of fossil fuel projects coupled with 
expansion  toward  renewable  energy  resulted  in  the  phasing  out  of  coal  assets  across  global  markets  in  lieu  of 
renewable energy assets.  

These factors culminated in the Group performing an impairment assessment as the carrying amount of the Mbeya 
Coal to Power Project asset is unlikely to be recovered in full of successful development or by sale. 

Following various consultations with third parties, the Group concluded that the fair value of its Mbeya Coal to Power 
Project  asset  was  estimated  to  be  approximately  £1,940,577,  which  is  significantly  lower  than  the  value  in  use 
determined in preceding financial periods as a results of the declining demand for fossil fuel projects and the Group’s 
move toward renewable energies, as executed toward the latter part of the 2021 financial period  

It was therefore concluded that an impairment of £13,955,528 was necessary in the 2021 financial period related 
specifically to the Mbeya Coal to Power Project.  

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The fair value consideration receivable was based on third party proposals received related to the combined potential 
disposal of the Group’s Mbeya Coal to Power and Mabasekwa Coal to Power projects. The proposed consideration 
receivable was allocated between the assets based on their respective carrying values, including capital contributions 
to the various assets at an estimated discount of between 60% and 80%.  

A change of 100bps in the estimated discount applied to the capital contributions of the Mbeya Coal to Power asset 
would result in a £15,500 change in the fair value of the asset. 

The Group is actively pursuing various options to realise value from the project, including the potential disposal of 
the asset to extern parties.  
Bordersley Power Ltd 

The  Group  initially  acquired  an  indirect  100%  equity  interest  in  shovel-ready  reserve  power  generation  project, 
Bordersley, which will comprise a 5MW gas-fuelled power generation plant for the consideration of £175,000 settled 
through the issue of shares.  

Thereafter,  the  Group  acquired  all  of  St  Anderton's  direct  and  indirect  interests  (Royalty  Agreements)  in  the 
Bordersley power project described above giving it a 100% economic and 100% equity interest in Bordersley (the 
'Acquisition').  Consideration for the Acquisition consists of the allotment and issue of 46,067,206 ordinary shares in 
the  capital  of  MAST  Developments  plc  to  St  Anderton  at  an  issue  price  of  £0.0525  per  share  and  payable  in  five 
tranches  ('Consideration  Shares')  such  that  the  full  consideration  is  only  payable  in  the  event  that  Bordersley  is 
progressively derisked. 

As there were no separately identifiable assets and/or liabilities acquired, the purchase price was allocated toward 
the Intellectual Property acquired, in the amount of £2,595,000. 
Rochdale Power Ltd - 2021  

The Group acquired a 100% interest in Rochdale Power Limited ("Rochdale"), from Balance Power Projects Limited, 
for the  installation of a  4.4  MW flexible gas power project in Dig Gate Lane, Rochdale, OL 16 4NR.The acquisition 
purchase price totals £239,523 of which the freehold site amounts to £90,750 excluding VAT and the property rights 
amount to £150,273. The acquisition purchase price is to be paid in cash. The freehold site purchased is the property 
at Dig Gate Lane, Kingsway Business Park, Rochdale, OL16 4NR. 

The acquisition of land and gas-powered generation facility will be accounted for as assets purchased at consolidated 
level, and not as a business combination in accordance with IFRS 3. Therefore, the purchase price has been allocated 
to the property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, as disclosed in Note 9 and Note 10 respectively. 
Sustineri Energy - 2021  

The  Group,  through  its  subsidiary  Kibo  Energy  (Cyprus)  Limited  (KE),  entered  into  an  agreement  with  Industrial 
Green Energy Solutions (Pty) Ltd (IGES) whereby KE would acquire 65% equity stake in Sustineri Energy (Pty) Ltd 
(Sustineri), with IGES, the technology (IP) and process owner, acquiring a 35% stake. IGES would contribute IP in the 
amount  of  approximately  £278,000  through  an  equity  loan  to  Sustineri  Energy  (Pty)  Ltd  as  contribution  to  the 
incorporation of the entity, and KE would thereafter contribute resources in the amount of £532,000 as part of its 
contribution. Thereafter Sustineri would source debt and equity to develop its underlying projects. 

IGES, on behalf of Sustineri Energy (Pty) Ltd, completed and filed the necessary environmental approvals and was 
awarded a waste management license by the DEFF on 4 March 2021 for the waste fired combined heat and power 
plant to be installed at the Limeroc Business Park in Centurion, South Africa. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

A summary of the assessment performed for each of the renewable energy intangible assets are detailed below.  

Key estimation variables 

Sustineri Energy 

Bordersley 

Rochdale 

Life of project 
Weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) 
Output 
Average £/MW output 
Sensitivity analysis 
Debt/Equity ratio 

25 to 30 years 
6.19% 
4.4MW 
£20 to £30 per MW 
output  
Rochdale
55/45 

25 to 30 years 
6.32% 
5.0MW 
£15 to £20 per MW 
output 
Bordersley
55/45 

10 years 
13.37% 
2.7MW 
£15 to £20 per MW 
output 
Sustineri Energy 
75/25 

100bps Increase/Decrease in WACC 
250bps 
output 

Increase/Decrease 

11.  Investment in associates 

in  £/MW 

£413,842 
£135,489 

£689,377 
£168,921 

£191,492 
£1,506,038 

Investment in associates consist of equity investments where the Group has an equity interest between 20% and 50%, 
and does not exercise control over the investee.  

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of investments in associates as at period end: 

Total (£) 

Katoro Gold 
plc (£)  

Mabesekwa 
Coal 
Independent 
Power 
Project (£) 
9,696,683 

Carrying value at 1 January 2020 

Carrying value at 1 January 2021 
Share of losses for the year 

- 

- 
- 

9,696,683 

9,696,351 
(332) 

9,696,351 
(332) 

Remaining equity interest following loss of control over investee 
Share of losses for the year 
Carrying value at 31 December 2021 
Impairment loss 
Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power Project 

894,090 
(48,357) 
528,764 
(316,969) 

- 
- 
3,563,639 
(6,132,712) 

894,090 
(48,357) 
4,092,403 
(6,449,681) 

On 3 April 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of an 85% interest in the Mabesekwa Coal Independent Power 
Project, located in Botswana. The intangible asset was recognised at the fair value of the consideration paid, which 
emanates from the fair value of the equity instruments issued as at transaction date, being £9,376,312. 

The  Mabesekwa  Coal  Independent  Power  Project  (“MCIPP”)  is  located  approximately  40km  east  of  the  village  of 
Tonata  and  approximately  50km  southeast  of  Francistown,  Botswana’s  second  largest  city.  Certain  aspects  of  the 
Project have been advanced previously by Sechaba Natural Resources Limited (“Sechaba”), including water and land 
use permits and environmental certification. Mabesekwa consists of a insitu 777Mt Coal Resource. A pre-feasibility 
study on a coal mine and a scoping study on a coal fired thermal power plant has been completed. Kibo is in possession 
of a Competent Persons Report on the project, which includes a SAMREC-compliant Maiden Resource Statement on 
the excised 300 Mt portion of the Mabesekwa coal deposit. 

In September 2019, Kibo and Shumba Energy Limited (“Shumba”) signed a binding Heads of Agreement to reorganise 
the  arrangements  for  the  MCIPP  and  its  associated  coal  asset  in  Botswana.  Under  the  reorganisation  the  MCIPP 
retained assets will be consolidated back into KEB and Kibo’s interest in KEB will be reduced to 35% to maintain 
Kibo’s  look-through  interest  in  the  MCIPP  resource  and  make  sundry  adjustments  to  recognise  Kibo’s  project 
expenditure. In exchange for the increase in the equity interest held by Shumba, Shumba would forego the previous 
claim it had against a portion of the MCIPP coal resources, thereby increasing the value of the interest held by KEB. 

The value of the remaining equity interest in Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd on initial recognition, was determined 
based on the fair value of the proportionate equity  interest retained in  the in the  enlarged resource following the 
restructuring during 2019. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Result of impairment review undertaken during the period 

The Group continued to pursue the possible development of its Mabaseka Coal to Power Project during 2021, however 
the  increase  in  global  scepticism  around  the  development  of  fossil  fuel  projects  coupled  with  expansion  toward 
renewable energy resulted in the phasing out of coal assets across global markets in lieu of renewable energy assets.  

These factors culminated in the Group performing an impairment assessment as the carrying amount of the Mabaseka 
Coal to Power Project asset is unlikely to be recovered in full of successful development or by sale. 

Following various consultations with third parties, the Group concluded that the fair value of its Mabaseka Coal to 
Power Project asset was estimated to be approximately £3,563,639, which is significantly lower than the value in use 
determined in preceding financial periods as a results of the declining demand for fossil fuel projects and the Group’s 
move toward renewable energies, as executed toward the latter part of the 2021 financial period  

It  was  therefore  concluded  that  an  impairment  of  £6,132,712  was  necessary  in  the  2021  financial  period  related 
specifically to the Mabaseka Coal to Power Project.  

The fair value consideration receivable was based on third party proposals received related to the combined potential 
disposal of the Group’s Mbeya Coal to Power and Mabasekwa Coal to Power projects. The proposed consideration 
receivable was allocated between the assets based on their respective carrying values, including capital contributions 
to the various assets at an estimated discount of between 60% and 80%.  

A change of 100bps in the estimated discount applied to the capital contributions of the Mbeya Coal to Power asset 
would result in a £18,500 change in the fair value of the asset. 

The Group is actively pursuing various options to realise value from the project, including the potential disposal of 
the asset to extern parties.  

Summarised financial information of the associate is set out below: 

Non-Current assets 
Current assets 
Loss for the year 

Group (£) 
2021 

Group (£) 
2020 

7,824,447 
866 
- 

8,396,296 
869 
(1,107)

Kibo  Energy  Botswana  (Pty)  Ltd  recognised  no  revenue  during  the  year  (2020:Nil).  No  dividends  were  received 
during the year (2020: Nil). 

Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd’s principal place of business is Plot 2780, Extension 9, Gaborone, Botswana. 
Katoro Gold plc 

On 30 September 2021, the Group lost the ability to exercise control over the operations of Katoro Gold plc and its 
subsidiaries (hereinafter referred to as the “Katoro Group”) following from the resignation of certain Kibo directors. 

Following the loss of control, in accordance with IFRS 10, the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interest and foreign 
currency  translation  reserves  attributable  to  the  operations  of  the  Katoro  Group  were  derecognised,  with  the 
remaining  equity  interest  retained  in  the  associate  being  recognised  at  fair  value,  resulting  in  a  loss  on  deemed 
disposal recognised through profit or loss, as detailed below. 
Group (£) 
30 September 
2021 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Other financial liabilities 
Net asset value disposed of 
Trade and other payables 

Non-controlling interest  

70 

272,075 
(77,434) 
157,503 
(37,138) 

(138,045) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Attributable equity disposed of
Foreign currency translation reserves  

Consideration received – cash or otherwise 
Profit from loss of control over subsidiaries 
Investment retained in associate measured at fair value 

364,675 
345,217 

- 
(529,415) 
(894,090) 

The value of the remaining equity interest in Katoro Gold plc on initial recognition as an associate, was determined 
based on the fair value of the listed equities.  

Summarised financial information of the associate is set out below: 

Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Current liabilities 
Loss for the year ended 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Cash flow from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 

Group (£) 
31 December 
2021 

209,500 
876,658 
(163,732) 
(1,142,479) 

(915,880) 
(125,866) 
(1,771,925) 

Katoro Gold plc recognised no revenue during the year (2020:Nil). No dividends were received during the year (2020: 
Nil). 

Katoro Gold plc’s principal place of business is the 6
information about Katoro Gold plc can be obtained from their website at katorogold.com. 
12.  Other financial assets 

 Floor, 60 Gracechurch Street, London, EC4V OHR. Project specific 

th

Group (£) 

2021 

2020 

Other financial assets comprise of: 

Lake Victoria Gold receivable 
Blyvoor Joint Venture receivable  
Impairment allowance for other financial assets receivable 

657,061
1,880,556 
1,223,495

   640,821 
1,801,158 
1,160,337 

Lake Victoria Gold receivable 
Blyvoor Joint Venture receivable  

Reconciliation of movement in other financial assets 

   (657,061) 
(1,223,495) 
- 
Blyvoor Joint 
Venture 

   (640,821) 
(1,160,337) 
- 
Lake Victoria 
Gold 

Group (£) 

Financial asset receivable 
Carrying value as at 31 December 2020 
Credit loss allowance recognised  

Foreign exchange movement 
Further advance on the Blyvoor Joint Venture  
Carrying value as at 31 December 2021
Credit loss allowance recognised 

71 

1,160,337
- 
(1,160,337)

   640,821 
- 
   (640,821) 

- 
63,158 
(63,158) 
- 

16,240 
- 
(16,240) 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Reef Miners Limited - Imweru and Lubando gold project - 2020 

On 30 June 2020, the last condition precedent related to the disposal of Reef Miners Limited (“Reef”), comprising the 
Imweru gold project and the Lubando gold project in northern Tanzania, was met, resulting in the effective disposal 
of  the  subsidiary  to  Lake  Victoria  Gold  Limited  (“LVG”).  The  assets  and  corresponding  liabilities  of  Reef  was 
recognised as part of the assets classified held for sale in the comparative financial period. 

The following disposal of the subsidiary was recognised in the 2020 financial statements: 

Intangible assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Net assets value disposed of 
Trade and other payables  

Foreign currency translation reserve reclassified through profit or loss 
Loss on disposal of subsidiary 
Proceeds from disposal 

Total loss 
Impairment of other financial asset receivable 

Group (£)

(787,108) 
(336) 
(778,308) 
9,136 

(121,670) 
(102,414) 
797,564 

(743,235) 
(640,821) 

The amount receivable from Lake Victoria Gold will be due and payable on the following dates: 

•
•
•
•
•

US$100,000 upon the satisfaction of the Condition Precedent; 
US$100,000 upon registration of Reef in the name of LVG; 
US$100,000 four months from the date of the SPA; 
US$200,000 nine months from the date of the SPA; and 
US$500,000 upon the earlier of the commissioning of the first producing mine of LVG in the Tanzania or the 
date 24 months from the date of the SPA. 

As at 31 December 2020, funds of $100,000 have been received from Lake Victoria Gold in respect of the sale of Reef 
Miners Limited (“Reef”). The receivable in Lake Victoria Gold was fully impaired due to the significant increase in 
credit risk during the 2020 financial period, which is as a result of subsequent payments not being received as they 
become due and was still outstanding as at 30 September 2021, the date on which the Kibo Group lost control over 
Katoro Gold plc as noted above in Note 11.  
Blyvoor Joint Operations 

On 30 January 2020, the Katoro Gold Group entered into a Joint Venture Agreement with Blyvoor Gold Mines (Pty) 
Ltd, whereby Katoro Gold plc and Blyvoor Gold Mines (Pty) Ltd would become 50/50 participants in a unincorporated 
Joint Venture. 

In accordance with the requirements of the Joint Venture Agreement, the Katoro Group was to provide a ZAR15.0 
million loan (approximately £790,000) to the JV (‘the Katoro Loan Facility’), which will fund ongoing development 
work on the Project. 

As at 30 September 2021, the date on which the Kibo Group effectively lost control over the Katoro Group, the Katoro 
Group had advanced funding in the amount of £1,223,495 of which 100% relate to expenditure allocated to the Joint 
Venture operations, carried by the Katoro Gold plc Group. 
13.  Goodwill 

MAST Energy Projects Limited - 2020 

In the previous financial period, the Group acquired a 60% equity interest in MAST Energy Project Limited, previously 
known as MAST Energy Development Limited, for £300,000, settled through the issue of 5,714,286 ordinary shares 
in Kibo Energy plc effective on 19 October 2018. The acquisition of MAST Energy Projects Limited falls within the 
ambit of IFRS 3: Business Combinations. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The net assets acquired were valued at Nil, with the resultant purchase price being allocated to Goodwill on date of 
acquisition. Goodwill is assessed for impairment on an annual basis, against the recoverable amount of underlying 
Cash Generating Unit (“CGU”). The recoverable amount of the CGU is the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and its 
value in use. 

Because the underlying projects previously held by Mast Energy Projects Limited have now been restructured into 
separate SPV’s, controlled directly by the intermediary holding company Sloane Developments Limited, there was 
no prospective benefit from continued operations of Mast Energy Projects Limited therefore the goodwill was 
14.  Other receivables 
impaired. The Company will cease operations in the foreseeable future. 

Group 
2021 (£) 

Group  
2020 (£) 

Company  
2021 (£) 

Company  
2020 (£) 

Amounts falling due within one year:

Other debtors

255,747 
255,747 

115,886 
115,886 

73,734 
73,734 

39,085 
39,085 

The carrying value of current receivables approximates their fair value. 
Trade and other receivables pledged as security 

None of the above stated trade and other receivables were pledged as security at period end. Credit quality of trade 
and other receivables that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to historical repayment 
trends of the individual debtors. 
15.  Cash  

Cash consists of: 

Short term convertible cash reserves 

Group (£) 
2021 

Company (£) 

2020 

2021 

2020 

2,082,906  256,760 
2,082,906 
256,760 

239,674  141,788 
239,674 
141,788 

Cash has not been ceded or placed as encumbrance toward any liabilities as at year end. 
16.  Share capital - Group and Company 

2021 

2020 

Authorised equity

5,000,000,000 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each  
1,000,000,000 deferred shares of €0.014 each 
3,000,000,000 deferred shares of €0.009 each 
Allotted, issued and fully paid shares

€5,000,000 
€14,000,000 
€46,000,000 
€27,000,000 

€5,000,000 
€14,000,000 
€46,000,000 
€27,000,000 

(2021:  2,930,657,437 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each) 
(2020: 2,221,640,835 Ordinary shares of €0.001 each) 
1,291,394,535 Deferred shares of €0.009 each 
805,053,798 Deferred shares of €0.014 each 

£1,836,562 

£9,257,075 
£21,042,444 
£9,948,807 

£1,205,611  
£9,257,075 
£20,411,493 
£9,948,807 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Number of 
Shares 

Ordinary 
Share 
Capital 
(£)  

Deferred 
Share 
Capital 
(£) 

Share 
Premium 
(£) 

Treasury 
shares 
(£) 

Balance at 31 December 2019

1,257,276,078 

326,468  19,205,882 

42,750,436 

Shares issued during the period 
Balance at 31 December 2020

2,221,640,835 

- 
1,205,611  19,205,882 

1,561,935 
44,312,371 

964,364,757 

879,143 

Shares issued during the period
Balance at 31 December 2021 

709,016,602 
2,930,657,437 

630,951 

- 
1,836,562  19,205,882 

1,116,957 
45,429,328 

- 

- 
- 

- 

All ordinary shares issued have the right to vote, right to receive dividends, a copy of the annual report, and the right 
to transfer ownership of their shares. 

During the prior period, the Company resolved to increase the Ordinary Share capital from five billion Ordinary Shares 
to  eight  billion  Ordinary  Shares  to  ensure  sufficient  authorised  Ordinary  Share  capital  available  to  issue  more 
Ordinary Shares when required. 
17.  Control reserve 

The transaction with Opera Investments plc in 2017 represented a disposal without loss of control. Under IFRS this 
constitutes  a  transaction  with  equity  holders  and  as  such  is  recognised  through  equity  as  opposed  to  recognising 
goodwill. The control reserve represents the difference between the purchase consideration and the book value of the 
net assets and liabilities acquired in the transaction with Opera Investments. The control reserve balance as at the 
year end is Nil, following the loss of control over of Katoro Gold plc effective from 30 September 2021. 
18.  Share based payments reserve 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the composition of the share-based payment reserves as at period 
end, which incorporates both warrants and share options in issue for the Group: 

Group (£) 

Opening balance of share-based payment reserve 
Issue of share options and warrants 
Deferred vendor liability settled through the issue of shares 
Expired warrants during the period 
Loss of control over subsidiary 

Share Options and Warrants detail 

Share Options  

2021 
1,728,487 

2020 
1,504,513 

194,944 
- 
(559,400) 
466,868 
(897,163) 

645,445 
(421,471) 
- 
1,728,487 
- 

Katoro Gold plc had the following share options in issue at the beginning of the year and throughout the period up to 
the date of loss of control: 

•

a share option plan whereby the Board and Management of the Company were issued 14,944,783 Ordinary 
shares, being 10% of the Company’s issued share capital on 8 February 2019, at 1.3 pence per share. The 
options have an expiry date of the seventh anniversary date of the date of grant, with 50% vesting on issue 
and the remaining 50% vesting in one year; and

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

•

a share option plan whereby the Board and Management of the Company were granted options (“Options”) 
over a total of 17,300,000 new ordinary shares of £0.01each in the capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) 
The Options are exercisable at 2.6 pence per Ordinary Share, constituting a c. 10% premium to the Company’s 
recent closing share price on 28 August 2020. The Options have an expiry date of the seventh anniversary 
from the date of grant of 28 August 2020, with 50% vesting on issue and the remaining 50% vesting in one 
year. 

The fair value of the share options issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  

The inputs to the Black-Scholes model were as follows: 

Description of key input 

Date issued 
Options granted 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

Key 
Assumptions 

Key 
Assumptions 

February 2019 
14,944,783 
1.3p 
1.3p 
0.4% 
82% 
7 years 

August 2020 
17,300,000 
2.4p 
2.6p 
0.3% 
142.84% 
7 years 

Expected volatility was determined using the historic average volatility in the company’s share price over the past 2 
to 3 years. The weighted average fair value for the share options granted over the  years is 2.26p. 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the value attributable to the share option reserve as at period end: 

Group (£) 

Opening balance of share-based payment reserve 
Issue of share options  
Loss of control over subsidiary 

2021 
256,315 

                 2020 

30,537

146,249 
(402,564) 
- 

225,778 
256,315 
- 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the quantity of share options in issue as at period end: 
Group 

Opening balance 
Share options issued 
Loss of control of subsidiary 

2021 

2020 

14,944,781
32,244,781 
17,300,000 
- 
-  32,244,781 
- 
(32,244,781) 

Kibo Energy plc and MAST Energy Developments plc had no share options in issue throughout the year. 
Warrants  

Katoro Gold plc had the following warrants in issue at  the beginning of the year and throughout the year over its 
Ordinary Shares up to date of loss of control:

•

•

1,208,333  warrants  to  Beaufort’s  in  respect  of  the  placing  fees.  Each  warrant  shall  entitle  Beaufort  to 
subscribe for one new Ordinary Share and shall be exercisable at 6 pence per share for up to five years; 
10,000,000  warrants  to  African  Battery  Metals  plc  in  respect  of  the  Nickel  project  facilitation  fees.  The 
warrants were issued over 2 tranches. The first tranche of 2,500,000 warrants were issued upon signature of 
the Option Agreement between the parties on 15 March 2019, with the remaining 7,500,000 issued on 15 
May 2019. These warrants are exercisable within 3 years of issue date at a price of 1.25 pence per share;

75 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

•

•

•

•

17,200,000 warrants to various funders in respect of placing and subscription of 17,200,000 ordinary shares 
of 1.0p each issued on 31 March 2020. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a further 
new Ordinary Share at a price of 2.0p, with a life to expiry of 2 years; 
36,666,666 warrants to various funders in respect of placing and subscription of 73,333,333 ordinary shares 
of 1.0p each issued on 25 June 2020. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a further new 
Ordinary  Share  at  a  price  of  3.0p,  with  a  life  to  expiry  of  3  years.  The  Directors  also  participated  in  the 
Fundraise, of which they acquired 3,333,333 ordinary shares and 1,666,666 warrants; 
48,000,000 warrants to various funders in respect of placing and subscription of 48,000,000 ordinary shares 
of 2.0p each issued on 15 January 2021. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a further 
new Ordinary Share at a price of 3.0p, with a life to expiry of 3 years; 
81,500,000 warrants to various funders in respect of placing and subscription of 81,500,000 ordinary shares 
of 1.0p each issued on 8 November 2021. Each warrant shall entitle the fundraisers to subscribe for a further 
new Ordinary Share at a price of 1.5p, with a life to expiry of 2 years. 

Description of key input 

The fair value of the warrants issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  The inputs 
to the Black-Scholes model were as follows for the warrants issued and outstanding by Katoro Gold plc. 
Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Financing 
shares 

Key 
Assumptions 
Beaufort 

Key 
Assumptions 
African 
Battery 
Metals Plc 

Date issued 
Warrants granted initially 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

April ‘17 
1,208,333 
6p 
6p 
0.1% 
70% 
5 years 

May ‘19 
10,000,000 
1.3p 
1.25p 
0.4% 
82% 
3 years 

March ‘20 
17,200,000 
1.35p 
2p 
0.1% 
86.44% 
2 years 

June ‘20 
36,666,666 
1.7p 
3p 
0.1% 
148.29% 
3 years 

January ‘21  November ‘21 
81,500,000 
48,000,000 
0.98p 
2.15p 
1.5p 
3p 
1.325% 
0.1% 
129.8% 
149.64% 
3 years 
3 years 

Kibo Energy plc had the following warrants in issue over its Ordinary Shares throughout the period up to year end: 

•

•

•

•

221,111,140 warrants were issued with the share placing completed on 4 November 2019. Each share issued 
for this placing includes one warrant exercisable at 0.6 pence per share for the period of 36 months from the 
date of issue. 
240,000,000 warrants were issued with the share placing completed on 17 September 2020. For every two 
shares issued for this placing includes one warrant exercisable at 0.4 pence per share for the period of 36 
months from the date of issue. 
362,500,000  warrants  were  issued  with  the  early  termination  of  convertible  loan  note  completed  on  17 
September 2020. The warrants are exercisable at 0.25 pence per share for the period of 36 months from the 
date of issue. 
430,000,000  warrants  were  issued  with  the  early  termination  of  convertible  loan  note  completed  on  3 
November 2021. The warrants are exercisable at 0.4 pence per share for the period of 24 months from the 
date of issue. 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Description 
of key input 

The fair value of the warrants issued have been determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The inputs 
to the Black-Scholes model were as follows for the warrants issued and outstanding by Kibo Energy plc. 
Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy CLN 
Termination 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy CLN 
Termination 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy CLN 
Termination 

Key 
Assumptions 
Kibo Energy 
Plc October 
2019 placing 

Date issued 
Warrants granted initially 
Stock price  
Exercise price 
Risk free rate 
Volatility 
Time to maturity 

October 2019 
221,111,140 
0.5p 
0.6p 
0.4% 
99% 
3 years 

September 2020 
240,000,000 
0.4p
0.25p 

September 2020  November 2021 
430,000,000 
0.4p
0.22p 

362,500,000 
0.25p
0.25p 

0% 
144.5% 
3 years 

0% 
144.5% 
3 years 

0% 
104.54% 
2 years 

Expected volatility was determined using the historic average volatility in the company’s share price over the past 2 
to 3 years. 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the value attributable to the share option reserve as at period end 
for the Group: 

Group (£) 

2021 
1,472,172 

2020 
1,052,505 

Opening balance of warrant reserve 
Issue of warrants 
Expired warrants 
Loss of control of subsidiary 

48,695 
(559,400) 
466,868 
(494,599) 

419,667 
- 
1,472,172 
- 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the value attributable to the share option reserve as at period end 
for the Company:

Company (£) 

2021 
977,575 

2020 
977,575 

Opening balance of warrant reserve 
Issue of warrants 
Expired warrants 

48,693 
466,868 
(559,400) 

- 
977,575 
- 

The following reconciliation serves to summarise the quantity of warrants in issue as at period end: 

Group 

Opening balance  
New warrants issued 
Warrants exercised 
Warrants expired 
Decrease  in  warrants  following 
loss of control over subsidiary 

2021 
1,341,308,419

430,000,000 
(189,431,556) 
(340,740,724) 
(60,274,999) 
1,180,861,140 

2020 

Company 
2021 
1,275,833,420

2020 

663,333,420 
682,774,999 
(4,800,000) 
- 
- 
1,341,308,419 

663,333,420 
612,500,000 
430,000,000 
- 
(188,431,556) 
- 
(336,540,724) 
- 
- 
1,180,861,140  1,275,833,420 

At 31 December 2021 the Group had no share options and 1,180,861,140 warrants outstanding.  

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Warrants

Date of Grant 

Issue date 

Expiry date  Exercise 
price 

Number 
granted 

Exercisable as 
at 31 December 
2021 

04 Nov 2019 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
3 November 2021 

04 Nov 2019 
17 Sept 2020 
17 Sept 2020 
3 November 2021 

03 Nov 2022 
17 Sept 2023 
17 Sept 2023 
2 November 2023 

Total Contingently Issuable shares 

Expenses settled through the issue of shares 

0.6p 
0.4p 
0.25p 
0.4p 

221,111,140 
240,000,000  
362,500,000 
1,253,611,140 
430,000,000 
1,253,611,140 

221,111,140 
216,000,000 
313,750,000 
1,180,861,140 
430,000,000 
1,180,861,140 

The Group recognised the following expense related to equity settled share-based payment transactions: 

2021 (£) 

2020 (£) 

Geological expenditure settled 
Listing and capital raising fees 
Shares and warrants issued to directors and staff 

Deferred vendor liability 

- 
- 
146,250 
146,250 

663,079 
178,000 
1,066,857 
225,778 

The amount due to vendors represents the balance of the purchase consideration owing in respect of the acquisition 
of  Bordersley  Power  Limited  from  St’  Anderton  on  Vaal  Limited.  The  liability  will  be  settled  through  the  issue  of 
ordinary shares in the Company, in four equal tranches of 6,000,000 at an issue price of £0.0525 each, as the project 
is progressively de-risked, as detailed below: 

•

•

•

•

Upon  receiving  confirmation  from  Mast  Energy  Development  that  a  preliminary  notice  to  proceed  with 
construction of the Bordersley power site has been issued by the Owners Engineer for the construction and 
commissioning of the Bordersley site; 
Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that a final notice to proceed with construction 
of the Bordersley power site has been issued by the Owners Engineer for the construction and commissioning 
of the Bordersley site; 
Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that the Owners Engineer for the construction 
and commissioning of the Bordersley site has commenced with commissioning of the Bordersley power plant; 
and 
Upon receiving confirmation from Mast Energy Development that the Owners Engineer for the construction 
and commissioning of the Bordersley site has confirmed steady state production at the Bordersley power 
plant. 

The fair value of the deferred vendor liability is calculated in accordance with the anticipated purchase consideration 
payable, at the fair value of the shares on the date of the transaction. 

The amount payable has been settled during the current year through the issue of ordinary shares. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

19.  Translation reserves 

The  foreign  exchange  reserve  relates  to  the  foreign  exchange  effect  of  the  retranslation  of  the  Group’s  overseas 
subsidiaries  on  consolidation  into  the  Group’s  financial  statements,  taking  into  account  the  financing  provided  to 
subsidiary operations is seen as part of the Group’s net investment in subsidiaries. 

Group 

Opening balance  
Movement during the period 
Disposal of subsidiary 
Closing balance  

20.  Non-controlling interest 

2021  
(£) 
(598,637)  

2020  
(£) 

(872,942) 

(212,764) 
(466,184) 
345,217 

152,635 
(598,637) 
121,670 

The non-controlling interest brought forward relates to the minority equity attributable to Katoro Gold plc and its 
subsidiaries.  On  30  September  2021  the  Group  lost  control  over  Katoro  Gold  plc.  On  14  April  2021  the  Group’s 
subsidiary, MAST Energy Developments Ltd concluded an IPO on the standard board of the London Stock Exchange, 
following which the Group’s equity interest diluted to 55% equity. Therefore, as at 31 December 2021, the Group’s 
non-controlling interest comprises 45% equity held in MAST Energy Development plc. 

Group 

Opening balance  
Change of interest in subsidiary without loss of control 
Acquisition of non-controlling interest 
Change in shareholding resulting in a loss of control 
Comprehensive loss for the year allocated to non-controlling interest 
Closing balance of non-controlling interest 

2021 (£) 

(256,841) 

2020 (£) 

27,073 

3,201,014 
308,030 
(138,045) 
1,962,816 
(1,151,342) 

1,407,037 
- 
- 
(256,841) 
(1,690,951) 

The  summarised  financial  information  for  significant  subsidiaries  in  which  the  non-controlling  interest  has  an 
influence, namely Katoro Gold plc as at ended 31 December 2021, is presented below: 

Katoro plc Group
2020 (£)

Statement of Financial position 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 
Statement of Profit and Loss

Revenue for the period 
Loss for the period 
Statement of Cash Flow

Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 

79 

353,682 
(231,806) 

- 
(2,561,114) 

25

(1,039,035) 
) 
(1,027,9
2,129,800 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The  summarised  financial  information  for  significant  subsidiaries  in  which  the  non-controlling  interest  has  an 
influence, namely MAST Energy Developments plc as at ended 31 December 2021, is presented below: 

MAST Energy 
Development plc
2021 (£)

Statement of Financial position 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 
Statement of Profit and Loss

Revenue for the period 
Loss for the period 
Statement of Cash Flow

Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 

21.  Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year:

7,630,488 
(3,780,744) 

3,245 
(1,408,958) 

(1

) 
(759,694) 
4,369,461 
,804,510

Group 
2021 (£) 

Group 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2021 (£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Trade payables 

1,116,273 
1,116,273 

1,444,986 
1,444,986 

      114,062 
      114,062 

218,877 
218,877 

The carrying value of current trade and other payables equals their fair value due mainly to the short-term nature of 
these receivables. 
22.  Borrowings 

Amounts falling due within one year:

Short term loans 

Reconciliation of borrowings:

Group 
2021 (£) 

Group 
2020 (£) 

Company 
2021 (£) 

Company 
2020 (£) 

1,079,691 
1,079,691 

Group 
2021 (£) 

858,546 
858,546 

Group 
2020 (£) 

119,004 
119,004 
Company 
2021 (£) 

344,391 
344,391 

Company 
2020 (£) 

Opening balance 

Raised during the year 
Repaid during the year 
Consulting and facilitation fees   
Reclassification shareholder contribution to debt 
Debt forgiven 
Loss of control over subsidiary 
Interest raised 
Closing balance 
Settled through the issue of shares 

858,546 
978,038 
(175,705) 
- 
- 
(355,659) 
(77,434) 
21,623 
1,079,691 
(169,718) 

523,725 
1,370,000 
(25,000) 
540,200 
41,155 
- 
- 
- 
858,546 
(1,591,534) 

344,391 
- 
(55,669) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
119,004 
(169,718) 

294,955 
590,000 
(25,000) 
250,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
344,391 
(765,564) 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Short term loans 

Sanderson Capital Partners Limited 

Short term loans relate to the unsecured interest free loan facility from Sanderson Capital Partners Limited in the 
amount  of  £119,004  which  is  repayable  either  through  the  issue  of  ordinary  shares  or  payment  of  cash  by  the 
Company. 

Refer to Note 26, which highlights the settlement of the above debt owing, post year end. 
Deferred vendor liability 

The amount due to vendors represents the balance of the purchase consideration owing in respect of the acquisition 
• 
of Pyebridge Power Limited. The liability will be settled in cash as follows: 
• 

£500,000 payable within 8 months after the signing of the SPA represents: and 
£500,000 payable within 12 months after the signing of the SPA represents. 

The fair value of the deferred vendor liability is based on the anticipated purchase consideration payable, at the fair 
value thereof on the date of the transaction. The carrying value of current other financial liability equals their fair 
value due mainly to the short-term nature of these payables. 
23.  Investment  

Breakdown of investments as at 31 December 2021 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Total cost of investments 
Katoro Gold plc 

Breakdown of investments as at 31 December 2020 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Katoro Gold plc 
Total cost of investments 
Mbeya Developments Limited 

Investments at Cost 
At 1 January 2020 

Additions in Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Mbeya Developments Limited 
Disposal in Sloane Developments Limited 
At 31 December 2020 (£) 
Reversal of impairment in Katoro Gold plc 

Additions in Kibo Mining Cyprus Limited 
Impairment of the subsidiaries 
At 31 December 2021 (£)  
Fair value adjustment of Katoro Gold plc 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

16,233,997 
16,762,761 
528,764 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

42,796,376 
2,160,888 
46,664,160 
1,706,896 

Subsidiary 
undertakings 
(£) 

43,318,643 

2,766,361 
1,706,896 
(2,643,558) 
46,664,160
1,515,818 

1,114,324 
(29,379,842) 
  16,762,761 
(1,635,881) 

The impairment in Katoro Gold plc is due to the significant decline in the share price, which results in the recoverable 
amount of the investment in Katoro Gold plc decreasing considerably in 2021. 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The impairment in Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited is due to the impairment recognised in the subsidiary investments, 
being the investment held in the Mabasekwa Coal to Power and Mbeya Coal to Power projects during 2021. 

At 31 December 2021 the Company had the following undertakings: 

  Description 

Directly held Investments 

Subsidiary, 
associate, 
Joint Ops 

 Activity 

 Incorporated 
in 

Interest 
held 
(2021) 

Interest 
held 
(2020) 

Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
Katoro Gold plc 
Indirectly held Investments 

Subsidiary 
Associate 

Treasury Function 
Mineral Exploration 

Cyprus 
United Kingdom 

100% 
20.88% 

100% 
29.25% 

Subsidiary 
MAST Energy Development plc 
Subsidiary 
Sloane Developments Limited 
Subsidiary 
MAST Energy Projects Limited 
Subsidiary 
Bordersley Power Limited 
Subsidiary 
Rochdale Power Limited 
Subsidiary 
Pyebridge Power Limited 
Associate 
Kibo Gold Limited 
Associate 
Savannah Mining Limited 
Associate 
Kibo Nickel Limited 
Associate 
Eagle Exploration Limited 
Associate 
Katoro (Cyprus) Limited 
Associate 
Katoro South Africa Limited 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Holdings Limited 
Mbeya Development Limited 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Mining Company Limited  Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Mbeya Coal Limited 
Subsidiary 
Rukwa Holding Limited 
Mbeya Power Tanzania Limited  Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Kibo Mining South Africa (Pty) 
Ltd 
Sustineri Energy (Pty) Ltd 
Kibo Exploration Limited 
Kibo MXS Limited 
Mzuri Exploration Services 
Limited 
Investment 
Protocol Mining Limited 
Subsidiary 
Jubilee Resources Limited 
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited 
Subsidiary 
Kibo Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd  Associate 
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Pinewood Resources Limited 
BENGA Power Plant Limited 
Joint Venture 
Makambako Resources Limited  Subsidiary 

Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Subsidiary 
Investment 

Power Generation
Holding Company 
Power Generation 
Power Generation 
Power Generation 
Power Generation 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Holding Company 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Power Generation 
Treasury Function 

Renewable Energy 
Treasury Function 
Holding Company 
Exploration Services 

Exploration Services 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Holding Company 
Mineral Exploration 
Power Generation 
Mineral Exploration 

United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
South Africa 
Cyprus 
Cyprus 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
South Africa 

South Africa 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 

Tanzania 
Tanzania 
Cyprus 
Botswana 
Cyprus 
Tanzania 
Tanzania 
Tanzania 

55%
55% 
55% 
55% 
55% 
55% 
20.88% 
20.88% 
20.88% 
20.88% 
20.88% 
20.88% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

65% 
100% 
100% 
4.78% 

4.78% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 

100%
100% 
60% 
100% 
-% 
-% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
29.25% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

-% 
100% 
100% 
4.78% 

4.78% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 

The  Group  has  applied  the  approach  whereby  loans  to  Group  undertakings  and  trade  receivables  from  Group 
undertakings were capitalised to the cost of the underlying investments. The capitalisation results in a decrease in the 
exchange fluctuations between Group companies operating from various locations.

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

24.  Related parties 

Related parties of the Group comprise subsidiaries, joint ventures, significant shareholders, the Board of Directors 
and  related  parties  in  terms  of  the  listing  requirements.  Transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries, 
which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation. 
Board of Directors/ Key Management 

Name 

Relationship (Directors of:) 

A. Lianos 

Other entities over which directors/key management or their close family have control or significant 
influence: 

River Group, Boudica Group and Namaqua Management Limited

River Group 

River  Group  provide  corporate  advisory  services  and  is  the  Company’s 
Designated Advisor. 

Boudica Group 

Boudica Group provides secretarial services to the Group. 

St Anderton on Vaal Limited 

Kibo Mining plc is a shareholder of the following companies and as such are considered related parties:

St Anderton on Vaal Limited provides consulting services to the Group. The 
directors of St Anderton on Vaal Limited are also directors of Mast Energy 
Developments plc. 

Directly held investments: 

  Kibo Mining (Cyprus) Limited 
   Katoro Gold plc     

 Indirectly held investments: 

Kibo Gold Limited 
Kibo Mining South Africa Proprietary Limited  
Savannah Mining Limited 
Katoro (Cyprus) Limited
Kibo Nickel Limited 
Katoro South Africa Limited
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited

Eagle Exploration Mining Limited 
Mbeya Holdings Limited
Rukwa Holdings Limited 

Mbeya Development Company Limited 
Mbeya Mining Company Limited 
Mbeya Coal Limited 
Mbeya Power Limited 
Kibo Exploration Limited 
Mbeya Power Tanzania Limited 
Kibo MXS Limited 
Kibo Energy Mozambique Limited  
Pinewood Resources Limited 
Makambako Resources Limited 
Jubilee Resources Limited 
Kibo Energy Botswana Limited 
MAST Energy Developments plc 
Sloane Developments Limited
MAST Energy Projects Limited 

Bordersley Power Limited 
Rochdale Power Limited 
Pyebridge Power Limited 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The following transactions have been entered into with related entities, by way of common directorship, throughout 
the financial period: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

River Group was paid £40,000 (2020: £37,500) for designated advisor services, corporate advisor services 
and corporate financer fees during the year settled through cash. No fees are payable to River Group as at 
year end. The expenditure was recognised in the Company as part of administrative expenditure.  

St Anderton on Vaal Limited was paid £161,000 (2020: £276,000) during the year for consulting services 
rendered to Mast Energy Project Limited. 

On 31 July 2020, the Sloane Developments Limited, Mast Energy Projects Limited and St. Anderton on Vaal 
Limited  entered  into  the  Share  Exchange  Agreement  relating  to  the  acquisition  by  Sloane  Developments 
Limited of the remaining 40% of the issued share capital of Mast Energy Projects Limited. Under the Share 
Exchange Agreement, the Company will pay St Anderton on Vaal Limited the sum of £4,065,586 payable by 
the issue of 36,917,076 ordinary shares of £0.001 each in the Company. Completion of the Share Exchange 
Agreement was subject to and conditional upon the Admission of Mast Energy Developments Limited to the 
London Stock Exchange. Following completion of the IPO on 14 April 2021, the Group acquired the remaining 
equity interest in Mast Energy Projects Ltd for the consideration equal to 36,917,076 shares at a total value 
of £4,065,586. 

St Anderton on Vaal Limited was paid £169,603 (2020: £Nil) during the year for the settlement of the amounts 
owing by MAST Energy Projects Limited for consulting services rendered, which resulted in another income 
on the debt write-off of £355,397. 

During  the  year,  Namaqua  Management  Limited  or  its  nominees,  was  paid  £Nil  (2020:  £365,027)  for  the 
provision of administrative and management services. £Nil was payable at the year-end (2020: £Nil).  

The Boudica Group was paid £24,796 (2020: £Nil) for corporate services during the current financial period. 
No fees are payable to Boudica Group at year end.  

Transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries,  which  are  related  parties,  have  been  eliminated  on 
consolidation. The transactions during the period between the Company and its subsidiaries included the settlement 
of expenditure to/from subsidiaries, working capital funding, and settlement of the Company’s liabilities through the 
issue of equity in subsidiaries.  
25.  Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management 

The  Group  and  Company’s  principal  financial  instruments  comprises  trade  payables  and  borrowings.  The  main 
purpose of these financial instruments is to provide finance for the Group and Company’s operations. The Group has 
various other financial assets and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from 
its operations. 

It is and has been throughout the 2021 and 2020 financial period, the Group and Company’s policy not to undertake 
trading in derivatives. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The main  risks arising from the Group and Company’s financial instruments are  foreign currency risk, credit risk, 
liquidity risk, interest rate risk and capital risk. Management reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these 
risks which are summarised below. 

2021 (£) 

2020 (£) 

Financial instruments of the Group are:
Financial assets at amortised cost

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Other receivables 
Cash  
Financial liabilities at amortised cost

255,747 
2,082,906 

- 
- 

115,886 
256,760 

- 
- 

Trade payables   
Borrowings 

- 
2,338,653 
- 

1,116,273 
2,195,964 
1,079,691 

- 
372,646 
- 

1,444,986 
2,303,532 
858,546 

2021 (£) 

2020 (£) 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Loans and 
receivables 

Financial 
liabilities 

Financial instruments of the Company are:
Financial assets at amortised cost

Other receivables 
Cash  
Financial liabilities at amortised cost

73,734  
239,674 

- 
- 

39,085 
141,788 

- 
- 

Trade payables 
Borrowings 

Foreign currency risk 

- 
313,408 
- 

114,062 
233,066 
119,004 

- 
180,873 
- 

218,877 
563,268 
344,391 

The  Group  undertakes  certain  transactions  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  and  exposures  to  exchange  rate 
fluctuations  therefore  may  arise.  Exchange  rate  exposures  are  managed  by  continuously  reviewing  exchange  rate 
movements in the relevant foreign currencies. The exposure to exchange rate fluctuations for the Group/Company is 
limited to foreign currency translation of subsidiaries, which is not material, as the Group/Company does not hold 
any significant foreign denominated monetary assets or liabilities.  

At the period ended 31 December 2021, the Group had no outstanding forward exchange contracts.  
Exchange rates used for conversion of foreign subsidiaries undertakings were: 

2021 

2020 

ZAR to GBP (Spot) 
ZAR to GBP (Average) 
USD to GBP (Spot) 
USD to GBP (Average) 
EURO to GBP (Spot) 
EURO to GBP (Average) 

0.0465 
0.0492 
0.7412 
0.7281 
0.8394 
0.8595 

0.0499 
0.0469 
0.7325 
0.7798 
0.8984 
0.8894 

The executive management of the Group monitor the Group's exposure to the concentration of fair value estimation 
risk on a monthly basis. 
Group Sensitivity Analysis 

As the Group/Company has no material monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies, the impact associated 
with a change in the foreign exchange rates is not expected to be material to the Group/Company.

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Credit risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counter party will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss 
to the Group. As the Group does not, as yet, have any significant sales to third parties, this risk is limited. 

The Group and Company’s financial assets comprise receivables and cash and cash equivalents. The credit risk on 
cash  and  cash  equivalents  is  limited  because  the  counterparties  are  banks  with  high  credit-ratings  assigned  by 
international  credit  rating  agencies.  The  Group  and  Company’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  arise  from  default  of  its 
counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents in its consolidated 
statement of financial position. Expected credit losses were not measured on a collective basis. The various financial 
assets owed from group undertakings were evaluated against the underlying asset value of the investee, taking into 
account the value of the various projects undertaken during the period, thus validating, as required the credit loss 
recognised in relation to amounts owed by group undertakings. 

The  Group  does  not  have  any  significant  credit  risk  exposure  to  any  single  counterparty  or  any  Group  of 
counterparties having similar characteristics. The Group defines counterparties as having similar characteristics if 
they are connected or related entities. 

Financial assets exposed to credit risk at period end were as follows: 
Financial instruments 

           Group (£) 

         Company (£) 

2021 

2020 

2021 

2020 

Trade & other receivables 
Cash
Liquidity risk management 

255,747 
2,082,906 

115,886 
256,760 

73,734 
239,674 

39,085 
141,788 

Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which has built an appropriate 
liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Group and Company’s short, medium and long-term 
funding and liquidity management requirements. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves 
and by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets 
and liabilities. Cash forecasts are regularly produced to identify the liquidity requirements of the Group.  

The Group and Company’s financial liabilities as at 31 December 2021 were all payable on demand. 

Less than 1 
year 

Greater than 1 
year but within 
5 years 

Greater than 5 
years 

Group (£)  
At 31 December 2021 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
At 31 December 2020 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Company (£) 
At 31 December 2021 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
At 31 December 2020 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

1,116,273 
1,079,691 
27,000 

- 
- 
108,000 

- 
- 
648,000 

1,444,986 
858,546 

114,062 
119,004 

218,877 
344,391 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Interest rate risk 

The Group and Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Group and 
Company’s holdings of cash and short-term deposits. 

It is the Group and Company’s policy as part of its management of the budgetary process to place surplus funds on 
short term deposit in order to maximise interest earned.  
Group Sensitivity Analysis: 

Currently  no  significant  impact  exists  due  to  possible  interest  rate  changes  on  the  Company’s  interest  bearing 
instruments. 
Capital risk management 

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while 
maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To 
maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Group may adjust or issue new shares or raise debt. No changes were made 
in the objectives, policies or processes during the period ended 31 December 2021.  

The capital structure of the Group consists of equity attributable to equity holders of the parent, comprising issued 
capital, reserves and retained losses as disclosed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.
Fair values  

The carrying amount of the Group and Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities recognised at amortised cost 
in the financial statements approximate their fair value. 
Hedging 

As at31 December 2021, the Group had no outstanding contracts designated as hedges. 
26.  Post Statement of Financial Position events 

Settlement of Outstanding Fees to Directors and Management 

Kibo settled outstanding fees owing to directors and management through the issue of a 7% convertible loan note 
redeemable instrument. The convertible instrument provides for the issue of unsecured redeemable convertible loan 
notes of integral multiples of £1 each to the aggregate amount of £672,824. The subscriptions for the notes shall be 
used  to  fund  the  Company’s  working  capital  requirements  related  to  outstanding  salaries  and  fees  due  to 
management, directors and former directors who are the sole subscribers to the notes. 
Appointment of Shard Capital Partners LLP as Joint Broker 

Kibo appointed Shard Capital Partners LLP as joint broker to the Company with immediate effect, to act alongside 
Hybridan LLP, who remains the Company's joint broker, and RFC Ambrian Ltd, who remains nominated advisor. 
Power Purchase Agreement on South Africa Waste to Energy Project – Sustineri Energy (Pty) Ltd

Kibo entered a 10-year take-or-pay conditional Power Purchase Agreement (`PPA') to generate baseload electricity 
from  a  2.7  MW  plastic-to-syngas  power  plant.  The  plant  will  be  constructed,  commissioned  and  operated  for  an 
Industrial Business Park Developer in Gauteng, South Africa. The project, is the first project under Sustineri Energy 
(Pty) Ltd, a joint venture in which Kibo holds 65% and the balance of 35% is held by Industrial Green Energy Solutions 
(Pty) Ltd. 
Signing of Funding Facility Agreement with Institutional Investor and Issue of Shares in lieu of Payment 

Kibo signed a bridging loan facility agreement with an institutional investor for up to £3m with a term of up to 36 
months.  The  facility  provides  for  an  initial  drawdown  of  £1m  which  is  immediately  available  to  the  Company  on 
signing of the facility. Funds advanced under the facility will attract a fixed coupon interest rate of 3.5% and will be 
repayable with accrued interest, 4 months from the date of drawdown. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

The Investor shall receive warrants equal to 30% of each drawdown divided by the average of the daily VWAP for 
each of the 5 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the applicable drawdown date, with a 36-month term to 
expiry from the date of issuance. The warrants are exercisable at a subscription price being equal to 130% of the then 
prevailing reference price. If the share price of the Company is above a 100% premium to the relevant exercise price 
for  30  consecutive  days,  then  50%  of  the  warrants  will  be  cancelled,  unless  otherwise  previously  exercised.  With 
regards to the initial advance, the Investor will receive 168,274,625 warrants. 

In compliance with the facility terms for the initial advance, the Company has issued shares in settlement of a facility 
implementation fee of £70k in the amount of 39,264,079 new ordinary Kibo shares of €0.001 each at a deemed price 
of 0.17828 pence per share. Additionally, the Company has issued 13,157,895 new ordinary Kibo shares of €0.001 
each  at  0.19  pence  per  share  to  certain  providers  of  financial  and  technical  services  in  payment  of  outstanding 
invoices. 
Convertible Instrument Extension of Redemption Date 

On 1 March 2022 Kibo agreed an extension of one month for the redemption date of the convertible instrument, with 
all but one of the subscribers to the notes. The new extended redemption date was revised to be 1 April 2022. The 
extension included notes in aggregate of £657,985, from the total amount of £672,824. The amount of £14,839 (face 
value and interest)  was settled in cash, in accordance with the terms of the convertible instrument announced on 07 
January 2022. 

On  1  April  2022  Kibo  agreed  a  further  extension  of  three  months  for  the  redemption  date  of  the  convertible 
instrument, with all remaining noteholders. The new extended redemption date will now be 1 July 2022. The further 
extension includes notes in aggregate of £657,985. 
Agreement to deploy at least 1 Gigawatt of Long Duration Energy Storage in Southern Africa 

Kibo signed a rolling 5-year Framework Agreement with Enerox GmbH ('CellCube'), to develop and deploy CellCube 
based  Long  Duration  Energy  Storage  ("LDES")  solutions  in  selected  target  sectors  in  Southern  Africa.  Under  the 
agreement Kibo has been granted conditional exclusive rights, subject to successful Proof of Concepts ("PoC"), to the 
marketing, sales, configuration and delivery of CellCube's vanadium redox flow batteries ("VRFB") in the development 
of its LDES solutions in microgrid applications behind the meter.  
Appointment of Group Chief Financial Officer 

Kibo appointed Mr. Cobus van der Merwe as Group Chief Financial Officer with effect from the 1
Settlement of Outstanding Loan and Issue of Shares 

 of June 2022. 

st

Kibo issued 56,118,047 new Kibo shares of €0.001 each at a deemed issue price of £0.0016 per share to Sanderson 
Capital Partners Limited in full and final settlement of £89,788.88 of the total remaining outstanding amount owing 
pursuant to the forward payment facility signed between Sanderson Capital Partners Limited and the Company in 
December 2016. 
27.  Commitments and Contingencies 

Benga Power Project 

Kibo  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  (the  ‘Benga  Power  Joint  Venture’  or  ‘JV’)  with  Mozambique  energy 
company  Termoeléctrica  de  Benga  S.A.  to  participate  in  the  further  assessment  and  potential  development  of  the 
Benga Independent Power Project (‘BIPP’).  

In order to maintain its initial participation interest Kibo is required to ensure funding of a maximum amount of £1 
million towards the completion of a Definitive Feasibility Study, however this expenditure is still discretionary. 

Other  than  the  commitments  and  contingencies  noted  above,  the  Group  does  not  have  identifiable  material 
commitments and contingencies as at the reporting date. Any contingent rental is expensed in the period in which it 
incurred.

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KIBO ENERGY PLC 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 

NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Annexure 1:  Headline Earning Per Share

Headline earnings per share (HEPS) is calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 
during the period and is based on the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders, after excluding those items as 
required by Circular 1/2021 issued by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA). 
Reconciliation of Headline earnings per share 

Headline loss per share 

Headline loss per share comprises the following: 
Reconciliation of headline loss per share: 

Loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 
Adjustments: 

Loss on disposal of subsidiaries 
Profit on loss of control over of subsidiaries 
Profit on disposal of motor vehicle 
Impairment of goodwill 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Impairment of associates 

Headline loss for the period attributable to normal shareholders 

31 December 
2021 (£) 

31 December 
2020 (£) 

(21,996,968) 

(4,726,286) 

- 
(529,415) 
- 
300,000 
13,955,528 
(1,821,174) 
6,449,681 

102,414 
- 
(53,574) 
- 
- 
(4,677,446)
- 

Headline loss per ordinary share

(0.0007) 

(0.003) 

Weighted average number of shares in issue: 

2,480,279,189 

1,546,853,959 

In order to accurately reflect the weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic earnings, 
dilutive earnings and headline earnings per share as at year end, the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
was adjusted retrospectively. 

89