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Polarean Imaging plc

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FY2017 Annual Report · Polarean Imaging plc
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Polarean Imaging Plc 
Group Annual Report & Accounts 2017 

Company Number 10442853 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Contents 

Page 

2 

3 

Company Information 

Chairman’s Statement 

4   Chief Executive Officer’s Statement 

6 

Strategic Report 

15  Directors’ Report 

19  Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

20  Corporate Governance Statement 

22 

Independent Auditors’ Report  

26  Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

27  Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

28  Company Statement of Financial Position 

29  Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

30  Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

31  Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

32  Company Statement of Cash Flows 

33  Notes to the Financial Statements 

56  Notice of the Annual General Meeting 

Polarean Imaging plc 
1 

 
 
 
Directors & Advisers 

Directors 

 Company Information 

Richard Morgan  
Richard Hullihen  
Kenneth West  
Bastiaan Driehuys  
Jonathan Allis  
Juergen Laucht  
Robert Bertoldi 

Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 
Chief Operating Officer 
Chief Technology Officer 
Non-executive Director   
Non-executive Director 
Non-executive Director 

Company Secretary 

Stephen Austin 

Chief Financial Officer                            William Patrick 

Registered Office 

27-28 Eastcastle Street 
London, W1W 8DH 

Company number 

Registered in England and Wales number 10442853 

Nominated adviser  
and broker 

Independent Auditor 

Registrar 

Bankers 

Legal Advisers  
to the Group 

Financial Public Relations  
Advisers 

Financial Advisor 

Northland Capital Partners Limited 
40 Gracechurch Street 
2nd Floor 
London, EC3V 0BT 

Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP  
St Brides House  
10 Salisbury Square  
London EC4Y 8EH 

Share Registrars Limited  
The Courtyard  
17 West Street Farnham  
Surrey, GU9 7DR 

Silicon Valley Bank  
Alphabeta Building  
14-18 Finsbury Square  
London, EC2A 1BR 

Reed Smith LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London, EC2A 2RS 

Walbrook PR 
4 Lombard Street 
London, EC3V 9HD 

The Life Science Division 
127 Great Portland Street 
London, W1W 5PL 

European Investor Relations 
                                                                 Bavariaring 26 
                                                                 D-80336 Munchen 

MC Services AG 

Polarean Imaging plc 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chairman’s Statement 

The transition from a private company to a publicly traded one is never easy.  Being a public company requires an 
entirely different standard of performance in areas that are not usually considered key to the success of the business 
when  it  is  privately  held.    It  is  a  great  credit  to  the  leadership  of  any  company  if  this  transition  is  successfully 
accomplished with new shareholders and additional capital being brought into the picture.  It is notable that Polarean 
(the “Group”) has the distinction, at the time of writing, of being the only life-science IPO to be completed in London 
so far this year. 

Polarean’s technology solutions promise to bring critical new tools to physicians helping patients suffering from a 
wide range of pulmonary issues.  The tools available today remain either limited in scope and accuracy or invasive 
and expensive.  The unmet medical need is enormous.  Fortunately, the steady advance of the state of the art in MRI 
technology, particularly faster data acquisition times, has enabled most scanners to acquire images, in detail and in 
3D, in less than ten seconds. The widespread use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (“MRI”) systems in the US and 
Europe, makes available a very large installed base of scanners that can be used to implement Polarean’s proprietary 
technology in a cost-effective manner, once it is approved for clinical use.  The clinical trials to gain such approval 
are  scheduled  to  start  very  soon  and  we  expect  them  to  be  concluded  within  twelve  months,  following  which  the 
Company will need to prepare the New Drug Application (NDA) for submission to the FDA.  The protocol for the 
trials has been set in collaboration with the FDA and Polarean and its clinical and scientific advisors believe the non-
inferiority margins agreed with the FDA are achievable with the trial size and timeframe indicated.  We continue to 
expect to launch clinically approved systems in early 2020. 

Polarean’s technology has been in development for almost 20 years and the  Group’s systems are already in use by 
researchers at over a dozen leading academic and medical institutions in the United States and Europe.  One of these 
is the Cincinnati Children’s  Hospital  where the team is  working closely  with Polarean,  with funding from a grant 
provided  by  the  Small  Business  Innovation  Research  Program,  to  develop  applications  in  cystic  fibrosis.    Cystic 
fibrosis is one of the most debilitating conditions, especially in children and is particularly hard to diagnose, monitor 
and manage. This network of key opinion leaders who are working closely with the Group, creates an expanding group 
of knowledgeable experts who will be crucial in effecting broad adoption of the clinically approved technology by 
leading medical institutions in the US and elsewhere.   

The team at Duke University, led by one of Polarean’s founders, Professor Bastiaan Driehuys, is actively advancing 
the state of the art with new developments in critical areas such as gas exchange. These developments promise to 
facilitate the application of the technology in a range of additional conditions beyond ventilation, such as pulmonary 
fibrosis and pulmonary vascular disease, two diseases of increasing prevalence for which current diagnostic methods 
are very invasive and not very effective. 

We believe Polarean has immense promise and the fact that it has reached this critical juncture is a great credit to the 
team in North Carolina who have brought it this far.  The road ahead will no doubt present challenges but we face that 
journey with determination and high confidence in the strength of the technology and the commitment of the team. 

Richard Morgan 
Non-executive Chairman 

12 June 2018 

Polarean Imaging plc 
3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chief Executive Officer’s Statement 

2017- A Year of Preparation and Accomplishment 
The Group was formed on 31 May 2017 when Polarean Imaging Plc (the “Company” or “Parent Company”) Company 
acquired Polarean, Inc (the “Subsidiary”) and spent the remainder of the year working towards the Company’s listing 
on AIM, which was successfully completed in the first quarter of 2018. 

We were also busy making arrangements for our Phase III Clinical Trials and we achieved several critical milestones 
in research and development (“R&D”) and manufacturing in support of those trials, including: 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 

engaging contract research organizations (“CROs”) specializing in medical imaging non-inferiority trials like 
ours at the institutions where we are conducting the trials and then continuing to develop the plans for the trials 
in conjunction with those selected CROs; 
entering into contracts with the trial sites; 
preparing  our  quality  systems  and  product  documentation  in  order  to  outsource  production  to  a  local 
professional manufacturer who is already GMP-certified;  
continuing to develop and protect important intellectual property, adding to our dominant patent position; and 
identifying, evaluating and selecting a candidate, Linde who are one of the largest global industrial gas suppliers, 
and entering into agreements to package and distribute our proprietary 129Xe drug, in preparation for the Phase 
III clinical trials. We are fortunate to have Nukem Isotopes GmbH as a strategic investor and supplier of our 
enriched 129Xe raw material and we thank them for their support. 

In addition, in late 2017 our R&D group significantly improved the performance of our polariser product, which has 
resulted in better images and has potentially reduced the amount of xenon required to be inhaled by the patient to 
make the images, thereby improving patient acceptance as well as our product economics, which your Directors and 
your clinical team consider to be a tremendous accomplishment.  

The Opportunity 
The  US  Healthcare  annual  burden  of  pulmonary  disease  is  US$150  billion  and  your  Directors  see  a  tremendous 
opportunity to bring our technology’s quantitative, reproducible, non-invasive method for diagnostic and therapeutic 
guidance to medicine. We believe it will benefit patients, improve outcomes and reduce costs. This is important as the 
current  cumulative  global  costs  of  asthma,  COPD,  emphysema,  cystic  fibrosis,  idiopathic  pulmonary  fibrosis, 
interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary vascular disease are huge. 

While working to achieve FDA approval for clinical use, Polarean continues to serve the medical imaging research 
market by providing xenon polarizers to enable functional MRI of the pulmonary system.  This brings dynamic, high-
resolution, regional, image based information to pulmonary physicians whose best alternative tool is spirometry, a 
relatively inaccurate measurement of expired breath. Current imaging technologies are not often used  for assessing 
lung function, despite the revolutionary effects of MRI in other medical applications. 

Our Clinical Trial 
Our Phase III Clinical Trial is a head-to-head, non-inferiority trial which is comparing our technology to the 40 year 
old nuclear medicine technique using radioactive  133Xe and gamma cameras. The trial involves 80 patients in total, 
and will be conducted at two of our closest collaborative sites, the University of Virginia and Duke University. We 
are  characterising  ventilation  in  two  sets  of  patients  being  evaluated  for  surgical  procedures:  those  who  are  being 
evaluated  for  lung  lobar  resection  surgery  and  those  being  evaluated  for  lung  transplant.  In  each  case  their  pre-
operative expired vital capacity is measured through spirometry. Our technology and the existing nuclear medicine 
standard of care are used to assess the remaining post-operative vital capacities.  Our trial focuses entirely on the pre-
operative assessment and it makes no difference whether the patient is chosen for surgery or not. We have to allow 
for an equivalence margin in order to be non-inferior. We expect the trial to proceed as planned to a successful outcome 
and anticipate the trial to result, in due course, in the Group receiving FDA approval to commercialise the product and 
process.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chief Executive Officer’s Statement 

continued 

2017 Financial Results  
We  encountered difficult  market conditions  when looking  to  quote the Company but  we  were pleased to raise £3 
million (before expenses), in addition to the £0.7 million that was raised in December 2017 via the issue of convertible 
loan notes, in order to fund the clinical trials. In this phase of our development, with sales to academic institutions that 
are acquiring the technology predominantly by way of grant funding, our forecasting of revenue and price is typically 
on target but there are challenges in estimating the timing of the receipt of orders. We partly mitigate this by way of 
payment  terms  that  include  significant  deposits,  minimizing  working  capital  timing  effects.  Operationally,  our 
performance has been as expected, with revenue of US$1.24 million and operating gross margins at over 50%. 

2018 and Beyond  
In 2018, we look forward to commencing our clinical trial and the continued expansion of our installed base of systems 
through additional sales of research units to academic institutions. Our R&D focus has shifted slightly and is now 
mainly looking at the imaging of gas exchange and the regional assessment of lung tissue function, beyond ventilation, 
led by our founder and Chief Technology Officer, Dr. Bastiaan Driehuys at Duke University. The Directors have seen 
tremendous interest in pulmonary vascular disease  as an emerging application,  which is good news  for the  Group 
looking towards the future. 

Polarean is fortunate to have an outstanding collection of world-class collaborators and customers in both the US and 
Europe.  Additionally,  we  support  the  “129Xe  MRI  Clinical  Trials  Consortium”  and  the  crucial  work  they  do  in 
collaborative  research,  training  investigators,  providing  infrastructure  for  evaluating  new  techniques,  and  multi-
institution sharing of magnetic resonance (MR) techniques and image analysis methods. We would like to thank the 
National  Heart  Lung  and  Blood  Institute  for  their  continued  support  of  our  Small  Business  Innovation  Research 
Program grant with Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. In addition, we have developed solid working 
relationships with MRI systems manufacturers and exclusive relationships with global industrial gas suppliers, all key 
to our future as we scale the business.  

On behalf of the entire staff of Polarean Imaging, I would like to thank you for your investment in and support of the 
Group and we look forward to continuing to develop and deliver this critical life-saving and life-improving technology 
to physicians and patients everywhere. 

Richard Hullihen 
Chief Executive Officer  

12 June 2018

Polarean Imaging plc 
5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

1. Introduction 

The Group comprises medical drug-device combination companies operating in the high resolution medical imaging market. The 
Group develops equipment that enables existing MRI systems to achieve an improved level of pulmonary functional imaging and 
specialises in the use of polarised Xenon gas (129Xe) as an imaging agent to visualise ventilation (the ability of air to reach the 
alveoli)  and  gas  exchange  (the  ability  of  oxygen  to  diffuse  through  the  alveolar  membrane  into  the  pulmonary  vasculature) 
regionally down to the smallest airways of the lungs, the tissue barrier between the lung and the bloodstream and in the pulmonary 
vasculature; a novel diagnostic approach. The Group also develops and manufactures the high performance MRI radiofrequency 
(RF) coils which are a required component for imaging 129Xe in the MRI system. The development of these coils by the Group 
facilitates the adoption of the Xenon technology by providing application-specific RF coils which optimise the imaging of 129Xe 
in MRI equipment. 

The Group was formed on 31 May 2017 when the Company acquired Polarean, Inc (the Subsidiary). The Subsidiary was 
formed as a result of two mergers: the first between Polarean Merger-Sub Inc. and m2m, a company that the Subsidiary had 
developed a relationship with during the course of previous research and commercialisation programmes in the US and the 
second  between  m2m  and  the  Subsidiary.  m2m  was  previously  a  portfolio  company  of  Amphion  Innovations  plc 
(‘Amphion’), developer of medical, life science, and technology businesses, which is itself currently quoted on AIM. 

2. 

Investment Case 

Pulmonary disease currently affects hundreds of millions of people globally, including approximately 174 million people who 
suffer  from  Chronic  Obstructive  Pulmonary  Disease  (COPD),  which  is  responsible  for  approximately  6%  of  all  such  deaths 
globally each year. In the US more than 30 million people suffer from a chronic lung disease such as COPD, which includes 
emphysema,  chronic  bronchitis  and  asthma.  In  addition  to  its  significant  human  toll,  pulmonary  disease  also  represents  an 
economic burden in excess of US$150 billion annually in the US alone. 

Every type of pulmonary disease involves some combination of ventilation and/or gas exchange impairment, yet the successful 
and cost-effective treatment of lung disease is hampered by sub-optimal methods for quantifying pulmonary ventilation and 
gas exchange. Current diagnostic techniques are either imprecise (such as spirometry) and/or expose the patient to potentially 
dangerous radiation (such as x-rays, CT scans and nuclear scintigraphy). While spirometry has benefits as a screening tool, 
none of these current methods can visualise ventilation or gas exchange regionally in the smallest airways, where lung disease 
typically begins and where improvements from new pharmaceutical therapies can first be detected. 

As such, the Group operates in an area of significant unmet medical need and a number of key milestones are expected to be 
achieved by the Group over the next 12 to 24 months. The FDA has accepted the Group’s Phase III trial design. The most important 
near-term milestone will be the successful completion of the FDA Phase III clinical trial in the US for the Group’s technology. The 
proposed 80 patient non-inferiority trial will take place at Duke University Medical Center and the University of Virginia, two 
leading US research  hospitals.  The trial  is expected to commence  very  soon  and to  last  for  approximately 18  months,  which 
includes the time required to prepare the New Drug Application (NDA). Upon completion of the Phase III trial and filing of the 
NDA, the Directors anticipate receiving a broad indication for use from the FDA following the FDA’s review period. 

The Group’s technology overcomes important limitations of current lung diagnostic methods, providing the ability to visualise, 
quantify and monitor both the structure and function of the smallest airways and alveolar spaces with enhanced sensitivity and 
without harmful radiation. This provides a unique, valuable and more precise tool to help diagnose disease earlier, identify the type 
of intervention likely to benefit a patient, monitor the efficacy of treatment and facilitate developing new therapies for pulmonary 
diseases. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

3.  Group Structure and History 

The  Company  was  incorporated  in  England  and  Wales  on  24  October  2016  with  company  registration  number 
10442853. The Company’s registered office is 27-28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH. 

Polarean Merger-Sub Inc., one of the companies involved in the first merger which resulted in the creation of the Subsidiary, 
was incorporated by the Subsidiary as a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in the US State of North Carolina on 23 
November 2016. Polarean Merger-Sub, Inc. had its registered office at 2 South Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27601 prior to 
being merged with and into m2m on 30 May 2017. 

m2m, the company involved in both of the mergers which created the Subsidiary, was formed in the US State of Delaware on 18 
February  1999  following  the  merger  of  spin  out  companies  from  Columbia  University  and  the  University  of  Queensland 
respectively, which was enabled by a financing round led by Amphion. 

The Subsidiary was incorporated in the US State of North Carolina on 10 June 2011 and has its registered office at Wells 
Fargo Capitol Center, 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601-2958. 

On 17 May 2017 Polarean Merger-Sub, Inc. and m2m entered into a conditional agreement to complete the m2m Merger. 
The m2m Merger  was conditional on completion of the Pre-Merger Fundraise. The m2m  Merger and the Pre-Merger 
Fundraise were announced by Amphion on 31 May 2017. As a result of this transaction, the Subsidiary became the sole 
shareholder of m2m.  

On 31 May 2017, following completion of the share exchange with the former shareholders of the Subsidiary, the Company 
became the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. Thereafter, the Subsidiary’s board of directors determined that it was in the 
best interests of the Group to simplify the Subsidiary’s corporate structure by merging m2m with and into the Subsidiary, 
with the Subsidiary being the surviving entity. This internal restructuring was completed on 1 September 2017. 

In  December  2017  the  Group  raised  £647,127  via  the  issuance  of  the  convertible  loan  notes  in  order  to  progress  key 
workstreams ahead of the commencement of the Phase III trials (the “Convertible Loan Notes”). The Convertible Loan 
Notes and any accrued interest automatically converted into fully paid ordinary shares at a conversion price equal to 90 per 
cent. of the placing price upon Admission. The Convertible Loan Notes have an interest rate of 10 per cent. per annum. The 
holder of each Convertible Loan Note was granted warrants to subscribe for ordinary shares at Admission. The number of 
warrants to be issued is equal to 20 per cent. of the par value of the Convertible Loan Notes held by each shareholder, divided 
by the placing price. The exercise period for the warrants is 12 months from Admission. 

4.  Information on Polarean, m2m and Strategy of Group 
4.1 Polarean, Inc. – Background 

The Subsidiary was co-founded by Dr Bastiaan Driehuys, a current Director of the Company, and John Sudol, a former 
director of the Subsidiary, in 2011. Prior to co-founding the Subsidiary, Dr Driehuys was a member of a research team at 
Princeton University in the early 1990s which was amongst the first research teams to focus on hyperpolarised gas MRI 
technology, in particular isotopically enriched Helium (3He), and developed and held key patents relating to the technology. 
The technology was acquired in 1999 by Amersham, Inc. (“Amersham”), with the goal of commercialising hyperpolarised 
Helium products to be marketed and distributed alongside Amersham’s full line of contrast agent products. Dr Driehuys led 
the  development  efforts  for  Amersham,  which  continued  the  development  of  these  hyperpolarised  Helium  products 
throughout the early 2000s until GE Healthcare (“GE”) acquired Amersham in 2004. 

GE continued the research and development of hyperpolarised gas MRI after the acquisition of Amersham, focusing on 129Xe 
as a more effective substitute for 3He in visualising ventilation. GE also began to explore ways in which 129Xe could be used to 
image gas exchange within the lung in addition to ventilation. These work programmes culminated in the conduct of a 
Phase I/II clinical trial at Duke University in 2008-2009. GE also filed INDs with the FDA for both 3He and 129Xe.By 
2010, after an investment of around US$40 million in the technology and with the regulatory path for hyperpolarised gas 
remaining unclear, GE decided to out-license the hyperpolarised gas technology and the related patent families that it had 
developed and/or maintained to the Subsidiary, due to the scale at the time and the early stage nature of the technology’s 
development. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

In December 2011, the Subsidiary negotiated the acquisition of all of GE’s assets related to the hyperpolarised MRI 
project, including an inventory of polarisers and parts and the licenses (or outright ownership) of the related patent 
families. 

Following the acquisition of GE’s hyperpolarisation assets, the Subsidiary focused on three key objectives: 

• 

• 

• 

building  and  selling  polarisers  to  research  users  to  generate  operating  revenue  and  to  disseminate  the 
technology to academic research institutions that generate clinical data in order to build additional interest in 
the technology; 

further  developing  the  xenon  hyperpolarisation  technology  in  order  to  meet  clinical  use  specification 
requirements; and 

liaising  with the FDA in order to clarify the FDA  regulatory path under  which the product could achieve 
clearance to market for clinical use. 

In July 2012, the US Congress passed the FDA Safety and Innovation Act and the Medical Gas Act, which clarified 
and simplified the path under which hyperpolarised  gas MRI technology could be approved for clinical use by the 
FDA. 

As a result of discussions between the Group and the FDA, the Directors believe that a clearer path towards regulatory 
approval  now  exists.  As  such,  following  Admission  the  Group  intends  to  focus  on  conducting  the  clinical  studies 
required for FDA approval to market. 

Between 2012 and May 2017, the Subsidiary generated over US$3.7 million of revenue from selling polarisers to customers 
in  Canada,  Germany,  the  UK  and  the  US  for research  use,  relating  to both  clinical (human)  and pre-clinical  (animal) 
applications. In addition, the Subsidiary received additional funding of approximately US$2.5 million from Nukem and 
other Series A investors. Prior to the m2m Merger, the Subsidiary was also successful in receiving grant funding, including 
a US$3 million grant awarded in April 2017 by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) following a 
competitive application process (for which the research will be conducted with its clinical collaborator, the Cincinnati 
Children’s Hospital) and a US$250,000 small business research loan from the North Carolina Biotech Center in March 
2017, which was also awarded following a competitive application process.  

4. m2m Imaging – Background 

Following its formation in 1999, m2m focused on the design and development of high performance MRI RF coils for 
the global research market. Primarily, m2m focused on the custom development of application-specific coils for multi-
nuclei high field MR, known as micro-imaging. m2m also developed technologies and intellectual property relating to 
the use of cryogenics and high temperature superconductors for use in MRI RF coils. 

Prior to the m2m merger, m2m had generated more than US$8 million in revenue over the course of its lifetime from sales 
to academic and research institutions and major pharmaceutical companies in Canada, Germany, the UK and the US. In 
addition,  m2m  was  ISO  9001  and  ISO  13485  certified  and  certain  serially  produced  products  were  CE  marked.  A 
significant percentage of m2m’s products went to market embedded in the imaging systems of major system manufacturers, 
including Bruker, Siemens, Varian and Agilent, all of which had supply relationships in place with m2m. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

4.3 Rationale for the m2m Merger 

The Subsidiary developed a relationship with m2m as a result of various research programmes that both companies 
were involved with in the US. 

Each new application in Xenon imaging requires new, clinically optimised, RF coils designed specifically for detecting the 
Xenon signals and currently the major manufacturers of MRI systems do not engage in early stage development of these 
RF coils. As such, both the Subsidiary and m2m agreed to execute the m2m Merger as Xenon-specific coils gate the use 
of  Xenon  on  existing  MRI  systems.  It  is  anticipated  that  having  access  to  this  coil  technology  will  accelerate  the 
development and use of the techniques that the Subsidiary has developed, thus removing a barrier to market entry for the 
Group’s technology. In addition, as the applications of the Group’s technology move beyond the initial pulmonary function, 
key elements of the proprietary technology platform which had initially been developed by m2m, specifically relating to 
the  use  of  cryogenics  in  RF  signal  detection,  may  play  a  key  role  in  enabling  and  improving  the  viability  of  these 
applications. 

4.4 The Group’s Technology and Products 

The Subsidiary is a clinical-stage company and its lead product has been designated as a drug-device combination by the 
FDA. The Subsidiary’s product enables the visualisation of hyperpolarised  129Xe (“HPX”) via MRI technology to help 
diagnose lung disease earlier, identify the type of intervention likely to benefit a patient and to monitor the efficacy of 
treatment. As a result of the FDA’s drug-device designation, the Subsidiary’s products will be approved and sold only for 
use with each other. The products are currently being used at a number of research sites on a pre-FDA clearance basis to 
facilitate the research and evaluation of lung function, to assist in making improved disease progression assessment and to 
clearly visualise the effectiveness of several therapeutics which are under development. The Group currently generates 
revenue from the sale of its 129Xe gas hyperpolarisation platform. 

Implementing the Group’s technology in a clinical setting is straightforward: prior to the MRI scan a patient breathes 
in a small amount of inert HPX to provide an extremely strong MRI signal. This transforms the MRI from a technology 
that is not applicable to the lungs into one that is able to provide multiple images of the lung structure and function in 
one 10-20 second breath-hold. HPX MRI overcomes the limitations of traditional pulmonary function testing as HPX 
MRI: 

• 

• 

• 

is more accurate and reproducible than spirometry and other traditional pulmonary function tests, enabling the 
detection and mapping of small and localised changes in lung ventilation and gas exchange over time; 

provides regional information about lung disease without exposure to ionising radiation or radioactivity; and 

assesses ventilation and gas exchange in the smallest airways, where disease often begins. 

The Group’s technology works in conjunction with traditional MRI, transforming it into a powerful diagnostic modality 
for the lung. The Group’s approach is to take 129Xe, an inert gas, and hyperpolarise the nucleus to create an MRI signal 
which is approximately 100,000 times stronger than a conventional MRI signal. When the MRI scan is undertaken, the 
HPX resonates at different frequencies: (i) in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lung; (ii) in the barrier tissue of the lung; 
and (iii) when dissolved in arterial blood in the pulmonary vasculature, thus providing information on ventilation (the 
ability of air to reach the alveoli) and gas exchange (the ability of air to diffuse through the alveolar membrane into the 
pulmonary vasculature). As all pulmonary diseases result from impairments to the free flow of air through bronchioles, 
or from abnormal gas exchange between the lung alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature, the images that result from HPX 
MRI scans which have been executed using the Group’s technology can aid diagnosis, as the physician’s ability to clearly 
identify issues with ventilation and gas exchange on a regional basis, down to the smallest of airways, is enhanced. 

Hyperpolarisation of the 129Xe is accomplished by placing a non-radioactive isotope of Xenon (129Xe) into a beam of circularly 
polarised laser light in the presence of very small concentration of the alkali metal Rubidium, which acts as a physical catalyst 
in the hyperpolarisation process. The result is 129Xe whose nuclear magnetic spin is highly aligned but not chemically or 
biologically  different  than  unpolarised  129Xe,  an  inert  gas.  This  hyperpolarised  state  persists  for  around  2  hours 
allowing ample time to administer the HPX to the patient. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

The Group’s products include: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the 129Xe gas, blended and made under GMP at high purity, to be polarised within the polariser; 

the polariser itself, of which the latest model, the Polarean 9820 Xenon Hyperpolariser, has been designed 
to deliver up to 3 litres of HPX per hour (approximately 5-10 doses) of which each dose is to be used within 
30 minutes of its production in order to retain sufficient polarisation to create a strong image; 

the dose delivery inhalation bag, made of HPX-compatible impermeable plastic materials and a mouthpiece 
for ease of inhalation; and 

the  Polarean  2881  Polarisation  Measurement  Station,  which  provides  a  calibrated  measurement  of  the 
polarisation of hyperpolarised gas within the dose delivery inhalation bag. 

The Group currently designs and builds the polariser equipment and has relationships with GMP gas producers to 
supply the Group with high purity 129Xe. 

In order to take advantage of the Group’s current products, an MRI machine is required to be outfitted with hardware and 
software capable of operating at 129Xe frequency to detect the HPX signal. In addition, the patient will need to wear a 
129Xe RF chest coil to allow for detecting the HPX MR signal in the lungs. Approximately 35,000 MRI machines are 
currently in use worldwide and technically many of these can be easily adapted to be used with  129Xe frequency. The 
Group’s products can be placed near the MRI scanner for ease of radiology workflow and, following the m2m Merger, 
the Group has continued to explore ways to further integrate the Group’s existing technology with the coils which had 
previously been the focus of m2m. 

4.5 Location 

The Group is based at the Meridian Corporate Center, located in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina, which 
provides a favourable location at which to further develop the core technology and product range. The Group’s facilities 
consist of more than 4,000 square feet of combined offices, laboratory space, inventory warehouse and assembly and testing 
areas.  The  Group  benefits  from  facilities  that  were  originally  purpose-built  by  GE  for  the  design  and  manufacture  of 
hyperpolarisation equipment and components, pursuant to FDA-mandated guidelines. 

Within  these  facilities  are  a  dedicated  research  and  development  laboratory  equipped  with  3-phase  power,  central 
compressed  air,  specialty  gas  handling  and  distribution  and  separate  heating,  ventilation  and  air  conditioning.  The 
laboratory area also includes optical cell production equipment capable of simultaneous processing of four optical cells 
for Xenon applications. The laboratory is designed for safe operation of class 4 lasers and is equipped with laser power 
and spectral testing apparatus. 

The Group also maintains a dedicated polariser test bed that is used for product development and a dedicated NMR 
system  capable  of  delivering  available  electromagnetic  field  strength,  utilised  for  calibrating  absolute  polarisation 
measurements of hyperpolarised gas samples. 

4.6 The Regulatory Environment 

At present, prior to the receipt of any approvals for clinical use, the Group sells its polarisers and disposables for research 
use only to academic medical centres with their research being subject to oversight by their respective institutional review 
boards and the FDA or equivalent regulatory body. 

The Group has held regular meetings with the FDA to develop a path towards approval for clinical use and the FDA has 
indicated  its  willingness  to  accept  a  very  broad  indication  for  use  for  the  Group’s  technology  –  for  the  evaluation  of 
pulmonary function – as opposed to its use being limited to any particular pulmonary disease or condition. The FDA has 
reviewed proposals for the Group’s Phase III clinical trials and has provided clearance for the trials to take place. The Phase 
III trials include a total of 80 patients and the FDA has indicated that it will also accept existing literature-based data in 
fulfilment of certain safety and toxicology requirements. The Directors believe that this broad indication and limited clinical 
trial size provides the Group with a sizeable, addressable market at a modest clinical trial cost. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

4.7 The Group’s Customers 

The Group’s existing customer base already comprises some of the world’s luminary medical imaging research institutions. 
Indeed,  there  are  currently  twelve  research  institutions  worldwide  utilising  the  Group’s  system  and  products,  including 
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, the University of Virginia, University of Wisconsin – Madison and Duke University in the 
US,  Robarts  Research Institute and  Hospital  for  Sick  Children (SickKids)  in  Canada, the University of Oxford  and the 
University of Nottingham in the UK and the Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine in Germany. 
At the date of this report, there are currently 17 Xenon Hyperpolariser units installed at these and several other leading 
research hospitals and the Group anticipates selling further units for research purposes during the course of the Phase III 
clinical trial. 

4.8 The Group’s Suppliers 

The Group has entered into Master Service Agreements with two CROs in relation to the Phase III trial. Pharma Start 
LLC,  doing  business  as  Firma  Clinical  Research,  has  been  engaged  to  project  manage  the  trial  and  will  oversee  the 
recruitment of patients  for the trial. In addition, Icon Clinical Research  Limited  will assist  with the  medical imaging 
aspects of the trial.  

The Group has a long-standing relationship with Nukem Isotopes GmbH, a leading global supplier of 129Xe, the isotope 
of Xenon which is provided to the various gas blenders that in turn supply gas to the Group.  

In December 2017 the Group signed a letter of intent (“LoI”) with Linde Electronics and Speciality Gases, a division of 
Linde Gas North America LLC (“Linde”), in relation to a potential product supply agreement. Under the terms of the LoI, 
the Group and Linde have agreed to negotiate, prepare and sign a product supply agreement for the supply of industrial gas 
to the Group, subject to all required licenses and approvals being obtained by the parties.  

4.9 Current Trading and Prospects 

Trading of the Group since IPO continues to be in line with the Directors’ expectations. The potential of the Group’s 
technology  enables  the  Directors  to  view  the  future  with  confidence  ahead  of  the  commencement  of  the  Phase  III 
clinical trials and the exploitation of the addressable markets for the Group’s technology. 

4.10 Growth Strategy 

The Group estimates that in the short term it will generate additional revenue from the sale of hyperpolarisers to global 
research  institutions  and  the  Directors  believe  that  the  market  for  polarisers  will  grow  as  the  technology  gains  wider 
acceptance as a tool for studying lung disease and for monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutics. At present, a number of 
major pharmaceutical companies are working with universities that are well known to the Group, regarding the use of HPX 
MRI technology to help guide clinical trials of developmental pharmaceutical products which is raising awareness of 
the Group’s technology and product range. 

The FDA have accepted the Group’s Phase III clinical trial design and upon completion of the Phase III trial and subsequent 
FDA approval, the Group will adopt a traditional market entry strategy of building market awareness for its technology 
through key opinion leaders and a direct sales force to reach the key decision makers within its initial target market of large 
academic medical centres. In implementing this strategy, the Group benefits from more than 400 journal articles on the use 
of  hyperpolarised  gas  MRI  that  are  currently  published  in  peer-reviewed  journals.  Over  time,  as  more  research  centres 
purchase the Group’s equipment and begin clinical studies, an increasing number of peer reviewed scientific articles are 
likely to be published, further enhancing the Group’s credibility and raising awareness of the Group’s technology. The Group 
also intends to continue patenting and in-licensing hyperpolarised gas technology IP to protect its current position. 

Following completion of the Phase III trial and upon receipt of FDA clearance to market the technology, the Group’s initial 
sales targets will be the radiology departments of top academic hospital organisations in the US, who are opinion leaders in 
the use of new diagnostic technologies and their application in a clinical setting. 

Subsequently, the Group will seek to expand its sales and marketing teams. Because of the specialty nature of the Group’s 
products in the pulmonary specialist market, which is concentrated in approximately 1,000 medical centres, the Directors 
believe that a small specialty sales force can be deployed effectively at reasonable cost. 
The Group may also choose to partner with companies that offer complementary products. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

Furthermore, the Directors believe that the Group’s products will benefit a number of clinical applications. While the Group’s 
HPX MRI technology provides more specific information than currently available using existing lung diagnostic procedures 
(especially spirometry), the Group will focus its use on specific clinical conditions where the high accuracy of HPX MRI and 
greater cost are justified. The Directors do not believe that HPX MRI will replace low-cost spirometry as a general screening 
tool but believe that it should add value in more demanding clinical applications where HPX MRI addresses unmet diagnostic 
needs. These applications could include, but are not limited to, the following: 

the monitoring of COPD therapy, especially for the most severe cases; 
the management of cystic fibrosis exacerbations; 

• 
• 
•  a more efficient diagnosis of dyspnoea and the chronic cough; 
•  providing guidance for radiation therapy planning of lung cancer treatment; 
•  providing guidance for interventional pulmonology procedures including ablation and the placement of valves 

and stents; 

•  surgical procedure planning for lung transplant and volume reduction surgery; 
•  diagnosis of IPF and monitoring of IPF therapy; and 
•  diagnosis of PAH and monitoring of therapy. 

The Directors will also seek to develop relationships with a range of strategic partners and will evaluate opportunities 
which will enable the Group to address its target markets globally, either alone or in collaboration with a partner. 

5. 

Intellectual Property (“IP”) 

The  Group’s  technology  has  been  developed  in  four  areas:  (i)  hyperpolarising  gas;  (ii)  assuring  the  quality  of  the 
hyperpolarised gas; (iii) using the polarised gas in MRI applications; and (iv) developing and producing specialised 
RF coils to improve signal-to-noise ratios (“SNR”). 

GE had put a comprehensive patent policy in place to protect its technology from potential competitors. The Group is 
now the sole owner of this IP portfolio, which is based on 22 patent families, and when combined with the 7 patents that 
were previously owned by m2m, that were transferred to the Group following the m2m Merger, the Group’s portfolio 
covers four broad types of patents: 

• 

imaging methods – these cover the imaging of a subject, or patient, who has inhaled a hyperpolarised noble gas and the 
functionality of the gas as a contrast agent. Newly licensed technology from Duke University extends the protection 
over these patents through to the early 2030s; 

•  hyperpolarisation  methods  –  these  are  Polarimetry  patents  covering  the  methods  by  which  noble  gases  are 
polarised and the methods by which the resulting polarised gas is isolated and delivered to patients. The latest 
of these patents expire in the early 2020s; 

•  hyperpolarisation  equipment  –  these  patents  cover  the  multiple  preferred  mechanical  design  and  automation 

elements of hyperpolarised equipment; and 

•  RF coil patents – these patents cover the use of cryogenics to improve RF coils SNR and image quality and may 
play an important part in the next generation of applications such as neurological, cardiac and oncology imaging. 

Polarean is committed to proactively developing further IP, both internally and through licensing arrangements with third 
parties, as part of the Group’s overall growth strategy. The third parties are likely to include the Group’s key collaborative 
academic sites, such as Duke University, that are seeking to develop emerging applications and technologies. Because of 
the  Group’s  extensive  patent  portfolio  and  leading  market  position,  the  Directors  believe  the  Group  is  an  attractive 
licensing partner for academic research institutions that are interested in out-licensing such IP. 

One such patent application (US15/120013), which is currently pending, relates to improving the overall efficiency of the 
hyperpolarisation process. This patent has also been exclusively licensed to the Group by Duke University. The Directors 
believe that this patent, if prosecuted successfully to issuance, would enable the Group to protect methods for increasing 
the level of hyperpolarisation significantly, which could improve the competitive economics of the Group’s products. 
These patents are also pending in Europe and other international jurisdictions. 

6. Principal risks and uncertainties 

Polarean Imaging plc 
12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are detailed below:  

Early stage of operations 

The Group’s operations are at an early stage of development and there can be no guarantee that the Group will be able to, or 
that it will be commercially advantageous for the Group to, develop its proprietary technology. Further, the Group currently 
has no positive operating cash flow and its ultimate success will depend on the Directors’ ability to implement the Group’s 
strategy, generate cash flow and access capital markets.  

Regulatory approvals and compliance 

The Group will need to obtain various regulatory approvals (including FDA and EMA approvals) and otherwise comply 
with extensive regulations regarding safety, quality and efficacy standards in order to market its future products. These 
regulations, including the time required for regulatory review, vary from country to country and can be lengthy, expensive 
and uncertain.  

Future funding requirements 

The Group will need to raise additional funding or enter into a strategic partnership with industry partners to undertake 
work beyond that being funded by the Placing and Subscription. There is no certainty that this will be possible at all 
or on acceptable terms.  

Dependence on key personnel 

The success of the Group, in common with other businesses of a similar size, will be highly dependent on the expertise and 
experience of the Directors and key employees. However, the retention of such key personnel cannot be guaranteed. Should 
key  personnel  leave  the  Group’s  business,  prospects,  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations  may  be  materially 
adversely affected. 

Intellectual property and proprietary technology 

No assurance can be given that any current or future patent applications will result in granted patents, that the scope 
of any patent protection  will  exclude competitors or provide competitive advantages to the Group, that any of the 
Group’s patents will be held valid if challenged or that third parties will not claim rights in or ownership of the patents 
and other proprietary rights held by the Group. 

Technology and products 

The Group is a manufacturer and service provider for noble gas polariser devices and ancillary instruments with a special 
focus on pulmonary imaging. The development and commercialisation of its proprietary technology and future products, 
which are in early stages of development, will require multiple series of clinical trials and there is a risk that safety and 
efficacy issues may arise when the products are tested. There is also a risk that there will be delays to the development of the 
products or that unforeseen technical problems arise as the Group’s technology becomes increasingly automated. These risks 
are common to all new medical products and there is also a risk that the clinical trials may not be successful. 

Research and development risk 

The Group will be operating in the life sciences and medical device development sector and will look to exploit opportunities 
within that sector. The Group will therefore be involved in complex scientific research and industry experience indicates that 
there may be a very high incidence of delay or failure to produce results. The Group may not be able to develop new products 
or to identify specific market needs that can be addressed by technology solutions developed by the Group.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic Report 

continued 

Reliance on third parties 

The business model for the Group anticipates that it will have limited internal resources over the next few years and that it 
will use third party providers wherever possible to conduct the research, development, registration, manufacture, marketing 
and sales of its proposed products. The commercial success of the Group’s products will depend upon the performance of 
these third parties.  

Manufacturing 

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Group’s  proposed  products  will  be  capable  of  being  manufactured  in  commercial 
quantities,  in  compliance  with  regulatory  requirements  and  at  an  acceptable  cost.  The  Group  intends  to  outsource  the 
manufacture  of  the  raw  materials  and  finished  products  required  in  connection  with  the  research,  development  and 
commercial manufacture of its proposed products and, as such, will be wholly dependent upon third parties for the provision 
of adequate facilities and raw material supplies. 129Xe, the specific isotope of Xenon which is the active ingredient in the 
Group’s drug-device product, is available from a limited number of suppliers and there can be no assurance that adequate 
supplies of this material at acceptable cost can be obtained. In addition, where the Group is dependent upon third parties for 
manufacture,  its  ability  to  procure  the  manufacture  of  the  drug-device  in  a  manner  which  complies  with  regulatory 
requirements may be constrained, and its ability to develop and deliver such products on a timely and competitive basis may 
be adversely affected. 

Product development timelines 

Product development timelines are at risk of delay, particularly since it is not always possible to predict the rate of patient 
recruitment into clinical trials. There is a risk therefore that product development could take longer than presently expected 
by the Directors. If such delays occur the Group may require further working capital. The Directors shall seek to minimise 
the risk of delays by careful management of projects. 

General legal and regulatory issues 

The Group’s operations are subject to laws, regulatory restrictions and certain governmental directives, recommendations and 
guidelines  relating  to,  amongst  other  things,  occupational  safety,  laboratory  practice,  the  use  and  handling  of  hazardous 
materials, prevention of illness and injury, environmental protection and animal and human testing. There can be no assurance 
that future legislation will not impose further government regulation, which may adversely affect the business or financial 
condition of the Group. Furthermore, as the Group already has some exposure to the UK market, there is a risk that possible 
changes resulting from the Brexit negotiations could lead to additional barriers to trade and regulatory divergence which could 
adversely affect the Group 

Healthcare pricing environment 

In common with other healthcare products companies, the ability of the Group and any of its licensees or collaborators to 
market its products successfully depends in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the cost of such products and 
related treatment will be available from government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and 
other organisations.  

Richard Morgan  
Non-executive Chairman 

12 June 2018 

Polarean Imaging plc 
14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report on the affairs of Polarean Imaging plc (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries, referred 
to as the Group, together with the audited Financial Statements and Independent Auditors’ Report for the year ended 
31 December 2017. 

Principal Activities 

The main activity of the Group is a drug device manufacturer and service provider for noble gas polarizer devices, its 
proprietary 129Xe drug and ancillary instruments with a special focus on pulmonary imaging.  

Results and Dividends 

The financial performance for the year, including the Group’s Statement of Comprehensive Income and the Group’s 
financial position at the end of the year, is shown in the Financial Statements on pages 26 to 32. 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2016: US$nil). 

Going Concern 

The Group is in its development stage and has not yet moved to full commercial exploitation of its IP. During the year 
ended 31 December 2017 the Group recorded a loss after tax of US$3,957,821 (2016: loss of US$1,059,713) and a net 
cash outflow from operating activities of US$2,615,691 (2016: US$759,987).   

On 21 December 2017 the Company raised proceeds of US$0.9 million from investors by the issue of a convertible 
loan note. After the balance sheet date the Company raised a further US$3.2 million net of costs from a placing and 
subscription of new shares on admission to AIM. 

In considering the appropriateness of this basis of preparation, the Directors have reviewed the Group’s working capital 
forecasts for a  minimum of 12 months from the date of the approval of this financial information.  Based on their 
consideration  the  Directors  have  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  for  the 
foreseeable future and that carrying values of intangible assets are supported.  Thus, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting in preparing this financial information. 

Future Developments 

The Company’s future developments are outlined in the Strategic Report on pages 6 to 14. 

Research Design & Development 

Research and development is performed by employees of the company.  The Group is committed to increasing 
its R&D budget to meet anticipated market demands for additional technology. In addition, the company also 
in-licenses technology from collaborative academic institutions. Details of R&D carried out during the year are 
contained in the Strategic Report. 

Financial Risk Management 

Financial risk management policies and objectives for capital management are outlined in the principal risks and 
uncertainties section of the strategic report on page 13 and in note 25 to the financial statements. 

Directors’ indemnities  
The Group has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its Directors, which were made 
during the year and remain in force at the date of this report. 

Subsequent Events 
Details of significant events since the reporting period are contained in note 28 of the financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors 
The Directors who served the Company during the year and up to the date of this report were as follows:  

 Directors’ Report 

continued 

Richard Morgan  
Richard Hullihen  
Kenneth West  
Bastiaan Driehuys  
Jonathan Allis  
Robert Bertoldi  
Juergen Laucht  

(Appointed 30 May 2017) 
(Appointed 30 May 2017) 
(Appointed 30 May 2017) 
(Appointed 30 May 2017) 
(Appointed 27 September 2017) 
(Appointed 24 October 2016) 
(Appointed 30 May 2017) 

The biographical details of the Directors of the Company are set out on the Company’s website www.polarean.com  

Directors’ emoluments 

2017 

Non-executive directors 
Richard Morgan  
Jonathan Allis  
Robert Bertoldi  

Juergen Laucht 

Executive Directors 
Bastiaan Driehuys 
Richard Hullihen (Note A) 
Kenneth West (Note B) 
Total 

Salary, Fees & 
Bonus 

US$ 

Benefits 

US$ 

Share based 
payments 

US$  

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
155,714 
121,254 

- 
8,059 
5,727 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Total 

US$ 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
163,773 
126,981 

Note A: Richard Hullihen agreed to a salary deferral in 2017.  The amount included in salaries is US$51,547. 
Note B: Kenneth West agreed to a salary deferral in 2017.  The amount included in salaries is US$46,392. 

Directors’ interests 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2017 and subsequent to year end had the following direct interest in 
the ordinary shares of the Company at 31 December 2017. 

Directors’ beneficial interests in shares of the Company: 

Richard Morgan 

Richard Hullihen  

Robert Bertoldi 

Kenneth West 

Bastiaan Driehuys 

Jonathan Allis 

Juergen Laucht 

2017  
Number 
- 

57,643 

- 

8,087 

449,401 

- 

- 

2017 
Number (adjusted 
for share split) 
- 

1,540,211 

- 

216,085 

12,007,994 

- 

- 

2017 
% 
- 

3.18 

- 

0.45 

24.77 

- 

- 

2016 
Number 

- 

- 

- 

8,087 

449,401 

- 

- 

After  the  reporting  date,  on  16  February  2018  the  Company  sub-divided  its  share  capital  on  the  basis  of 
26.71999:1.  The number of Ordinary shares in issue in the Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub -
division was 48,470,160.  

The shareholdings noted above include those shares held by connected persons of the individual direct or. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ beneficial interests in options to subscribe for additional shares of the Company:  

 Directors’ Report 

continued 

Richard Morgan 

Richard Hullihen  

Robert Bertoldi 

Kenneth West 

Bastiaan Driehuys 

Jonathan Allis 

Juergen Laucht 

2017  
Number 
- 

- 

- 

10,000 

30,000 

- 

- 

2017 
Number (adjusted 
for share split) 
- 

- 

- 

267,200 

801,600 

- 

- 

2016 
Number 

- 

- 

- 

10,000 

30,000 

- 

- 

Kenneth West’s options have an exercise price of US$0.90 (US$.0337adjusted for share split). They were issued 
on 16 December 2015 and expire on 16 December 2025.  15,000 of Bastiaan Driehuys’ options with an exercise 
price  of  US$0.11  (US$.00412  adjusted  for  share  split)  were  issued  on  15  December  2014  and  expire  on  15 
December 2024 and 15,000 options with an exercise price of  US$0.90 were issued on 16 December 2015 and 
expire on 16 December 2025.   

The options holdings noted above include those shares held by connected persons of the individual director.  

On 20 April 2018, the Company issued 9,619,200 Options to certain directors, persons discharging managerial 
responsibilities (“PDMR”) and employees. The exercise price for the Options is  £0.15 being the price at which 
Polarean’s Ordinary Shares were placed at Admission. The Options will vest in equal portions on an annual basis 
on the anniversary of Admission, over a four-year period from the date of Admission. The options term expires 
on 29 March 2028. 

The following directors were a part of the grant of PDMR options were: 

•  Richard Morgan was granted 534,400 options; 
•  Richard Hullihen was granted 2,135,440 options; 
•  Robert Bertoldi was granted 534,400 options; 
•  Kenneth West was granted 1,646,018 options; 
•  Bastiaan Driehuys was granted 534,400 options;  
• 
Juergen Laucht was granted 534,400 options; and 
• 
Jonathan Allis was granted 534,400 under a separate option grant. 

Directors’ beneficial interests in warrants to subscribe for additional shares of the Company:  

Richard Morgan 

Richard Hullihen  

Robert Bertoldi 

Kenneth West 

Bastiaan Driehuys 

Jonathan Allis 

Juergen Laucht 

2017  
Number 
19,598 

- 

19,598 

- 

5,556 

- 

- 

2017 
Number (adjusted 
for share split) 
523,659 

- 

523,659 

- 

148,456 

- 

- 

2016 
Number 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5,556 

- 

- 

The warrants issued to Richard Morgan and Robert Bertoldi are part of the Amphion  Warrants. They have an 
exercise price of £0.25. The warrants expire on 31 May 2018 unless the Company raises a minimum of $5 million 
at £0.25 on or before 31 May 2018. The warrants issued to Bastiaan Driehuys have an exercise price of US$0.01 
(US$.00037 adjusted for share split). The warrant holdings noted above include those shares held by connected 
persons of the individual director. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Directors’ Report 

continued 

Common, Options and Warrant Shares: 

(On a fully-diluted 
basis) 

Richard Morgan  
Richard Hullihen  
Kenneth West  
Bastiaan Driehuys  
Jonathan Allis  
Robert Bertoldi  
Juergen Laucht 

Number of shares at 
31 December 2017 
19,598 
57,643 
8,087 
449,401 
- 
19,598 
- 

% held at 31 
December 2017 
0.8 
2.5 
0.8 
20.8 
- 
0.8 
- 

Number of shares at 31 
May 2018 
1,093,059 
3,915,660 
2,033,218 
13,612,451 
534,400 
1,151,392 
534,400 

% held at 31 May 
2018 
1.12 
4.00 
2.08 
13.91 
0.55 
1.18 
0.55 

Note: March 2018, the Company declared a stock split of 26.72:1. 

Share option schemes 

In order to provide incentive for the management and key employees of the Group, the  Company awards stock 
options. The Directors will define a new plan in 2018 and implement.  The existing options  granted prior to the 
merger were converted to options in Polarean Imaging, Plc. 

Substantial Shareholders 

As well as the Directors’ interests reported above, the following interests of 3.0% and above as at the date of this 
report were as follows at 31 December 2017 (on a fully-diluted basis):  

Number of shares, options or warrants 

Amphion Innovations plc 
Bastiaan Driehuys 
NUKEM Isotopes Imaging GmbH 
John Sudol 
W.B. Nominees Limited 
Technology Commercialization Group 
Kiarash Emami 
Note: March 2018, the Company declared a stock split of 26.72:1. 

597,976 
484,957 
252,462 
282,265 
188,260 
104,831 
80,500 

Corporate Responsibility 

% held 
25.6 
20.8 
10.8 
12.1 
8.06 
4.5 
3.5 

The  Board  recognises  its  employment,  environmental  and  health  and  safety  responsibilities.  It  devotes 
appropriate  resources  towards  monitoring  and  improving  compliance  with  existing  standards.  The  Executive 
Directors  are  responsible  for  these  areas  at  Board  level,  ensuring  that  the  Group’s  policies  are  upheld  and 
providing the necessary resources. 

Employees 

The  Group  is  committed  to  achieving  equal  opportunities  and  to  complying  with  relevant  anti -discrimination 
legislation. It is established Group policy to offer employees  and job applicants the opportunity to benefit from 
fair employment,  without regard to their sex, sexual orientation, marital status, race, religion or belief, age or 
disability. Employees are encouraged to train and develop their careers. 

The Group has continued its policy of informing all employees of matters of concern to them as employees, both 
in  their  immediate  work  situation  and  in  the  wider  context  of  the  Group’s  well -being.  Communication  with 
employees  is  affected  through  the  Board,  the  Group’s  management  briefings  structure,  formal  and  informal 
meetings and through the Group’s information systems. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Strategic  Report,  the  Directors’  Report  and  the  Financial 
Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.  

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporti ng 
Standards (IFRSs’) as adopted by the EU and applicable law. 

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the  Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the 
Group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:  

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;  

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements;  
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappr opriate to presume that 
the Group will continue in business. 

• 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 
enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

They  are  further  responsible  for  ensuring  that  the  Strategic  Report  and  the  Directors’  Report  and  other 
information included in the Annual Report and Financial Statements is prepared in accordance with applicable 
law in the United Kingdom. 

The  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  Polarean  Imaging  plc  web  site  is  the  responsibility  of  the  directors;  the 
work carried out by the auditors does not involve the consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors 
accept  no  responsibility  for  any  changes  that  may  have  occurred  in  the  accounts  since  they  were  initially 
presented on the website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the 
accounts and the other information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Auditors 
Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:  

• 

• 

so far as that director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group and the Group's 
auditor is unaware; and 
that director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of 
any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company and the Group's auditor is aware of 
that information. 

Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office and a resolution to re appoint the 
firm  as  Auditor  and  authorising  the  Directors  to  set  their  remuneration  will  be  proposed  at  the  forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting. 

Richard Morgan  
Non-executive Chairman 

12 June 2018 

Polarean Imaging plc 
19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Report 

The Board is committed to proper standards of Corporate Governance, managing the Group in an efficient, effective, 
entrepreneurial and ethical manner for the benefit of shareholders over the longer term.  

The Directors have adopted the requirements of the Quoted Companies Alliance's Corporate Governance Code for 
Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (the "QCA Code"), to the extent that they consider it appropriate having regard 
to the Company's size, board structure, stage of development and resources. 

Jonathan Allis is currently the Company's only independent (as defined in the QCA Code) non-executive director. The 
Company acknowledges that the guidance in the QCA Code is for a company to have at least two independent non-
executive  directors.  However,  the  Directors  are  satisfied  that  at  Admission  the  Company's  board  composition  is 
appropriate given the Company's size and stage of development. The Directors shall keep the position under regular 
review and to the extent additional independence is felt to be required on the Board, it shall be sought. 

The Group acknowledges the new AIM Rules regarding Corporate Governance which were announced in March 2018 
and will ensure they are implemented on a timely basis before the 28 September 2018 deadline 

Board 
The  Group  is  run  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  comprises  four  non-executive  directors  and  three  executive 
directors. As the business grows and becomes more complex it is anticipated that the Board will be added to. 

The Board meets regularly and is responsible for the Group’s corporate strategy, monitoring financial performance, 
approval of capital expenditure, treasury and risk management policies. Board papers are sent out to all directors in 
advance of each Board meeting including management accounts and accompanying reports from those responsible. 

Board Committees 
The  Board  has  established  an  Audit  Committee  and  a  Remuneration  Committee  with  delegated  duties  and 
responsibilities. 

Audit Committee 
Robert Bertoldi, Non-Executive Director, is Chairman of the Audit Committee. The other members of the Committee 
are  Richard  Morgan  and  Juergen  Laucht.  The  Audit  Committee  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  the  financial 
performance, position and prospects for the Group are properly monitored, controlled and reported on and for meeting 
the auditors and reviewing their reports relating to accounts and internal controls. 

Remuneration Committee 
Richard Morgan, Non-Executive Director, is Chairman of the Remuneration Committee. The other  members of the 
Committee are Bastiaan Driehuys and  Juergen  Laucht. The Remuneration Committee is responsible for reviewing 
performance of Executive Directors and determining the remuneration and basis of service agreement with due regard 
for the UK Corporate Governance Code. The Remuneration Committee also determines the payment of any bonuses 
to Executive Directors and the grant of options. 

Nomination Committee 
The  Company  does  not  currently  have  a  nomination  committee,  as  the  Board  does  not  consider  it  appropriate  to 
establish such a committee at this stage of the Company's development. Decisions which would usually be taken by 
the nomination committee will be taken by the Board as a whole. The Board as a whole will also be responsible for 
AIM compliance. 

Anti-Bribery Policy  
The Group has in place appropriate guidance, training and implementation of procedures to ensure compliance with 
the UK Bribery Act.  

The Group is committed to the highest standards of personal and professional ethical behaviour. This must be reflected 
in every aspect of the way in which the Company operates.  

The Group takes a zero-tolerance approach to bribery and corruption and we are committed to act professionally, fairly 
and with integrity in all our business dealings. Any breach of this policy will be regarded as a serious matter by the 
Company and is likely to result in disciplinary action and potentially the involvement of the police.  

Internal Control 
The Board is responsible for the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. Such a system 
is designed to manage rather than eliminate risk of failure to achieve the business  objectives and can only provide 
reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Report 

continued 

The system of internal financial control comprises those controls established to provide reasonable assurance of: 

•  The safeguarding of assets against unauthorised use or disposal; and 
•  The maintenance of proper accounting records and the reliability of financial information used within the business 

and for publication 

The key procedures of internal financial control of the Group are as follows: 

•  The Board reviews and approves budgets and monitors performance against those budgets on a monthly basis.  
•  The Group has clearly defined reporting and authorisation procedures relating to the key financial areas 

Share Dealing 
The  Group  has  a  Share  Dealing  Code,  which  will  apply  to  any  person  discharging  management  responsibility, 
including the Directors and members of the senior management team and any closely associated persons and applicable 
employees. 

The  Share  Dealing  Code  imposes  restrictions  beyond  those  that  are  imposed  by  law  (including  by  FSMA  and  the 
Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No.596/2014 and other relevant legislation) and its purpose is to ensure that persons 
discharging managerial responsibility and persons connected with them do not abuse,  and do not place themselves 
under suspicion of abusing, price-sensitive information that they may have or be thought to have, especially in periods 
leading up to an announcement of both financial results and the results of the Group's clinical trials. The Share Dealing 
Code sets out a notification procedure which is required to be followed prior to any dealing in the Company's securities. 

Communications with Shareholders 
The Group is strongly committed to the maintenance of good investor relations and seeks, wherever possible to be a 
relationship of mutual understanding with both its institutional and private client investors. Additionally, the Board 
seeks to meet with shareholder whenever possible and to use the Group’s website www.polarean.com  to communicate 
with all shareholders.  

The board also welcomes shareholders’ enquiries, which may be sent via the Group’s website. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Independent Auditors’ report to the members of 

 Polarean Imaging plc 

Opinion  
We have audited the financial statements of Polarean Imaging plc (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the 
“Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2017, which comprise: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the Group statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2017; 
the Group and parent company statements of financial position as at 31 December 2017; 
the Group and parent company statements of cash flows for the year then ended; 
the Group and parent company statements of changes in equity for the year then ended; and 
the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is applicable 
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company's 
affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of the Group’s loss for the period then ended; 

the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union;  

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted 
by the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

• 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  

Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. 
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence 
we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which ISAs (UK) require us to report to 
you when: 

•  The directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not 

appropriate; or 

•  The directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast 
significant doubt about the Group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for 
issue.  

Overview of our audit approach 
Materiality 

In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered material if it could 
reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. We used the concept 
of materiality to both focus our testing and to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified. 

Based on our professional judgement, we determined overall materiality for the Group financial statements as a whole 
to be US$190,000, which represents 5% of the Group’s loss.   

We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) to determine the extent of our testing for the audit 
of the financial statements.  Performance materiality is set based on the audit materiality as adjusted for the judgements 
made as to the entity risk and our evaluation of the specific risk of each audit area having regard to the internal control 
environment.   

Where  considered  appropriate  performance  materiality  may  be reduced  to  a  lower  level,  such  as,  for  related party 
transactions and directors’ remuneration. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Independent Auditors’ report to the members of 

 Polarean Imaging plc 

continued 
We  agreed  with the  Audit  Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of  US$6,000. Errors below that 
threshold would also be reported to it if, in our opinion as auditor, disclosure was required on qualitative grounds. 

Overview of the scope of our audit 
Polarean Imaging plc and its subsidiaries are accounted for from one operating location in North Carolina, USA. Our 
audit was conducted from the main operating location and all subsidiary companies were within the scope of our audit 
testing. 

Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material  misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These 
matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit. 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit 
matter 

We designed procedures to test each revenue 
stream and considered whether the revenue recognition 
policy applied to the revenue stream was appropriate. 
Our testing in this area included agreeing that revenue was 
appropriately recognised. This included cut off procedures. 

Key audit matter 

Revenue recognition 

Revenue  is  a  significant  figure  in  these  financial 
statements and is generated from various streams. 

Our audit risk focuses on the risk that revenues may be 
to  meet  market  expectations.  We 
overstated 
specifically 
that  either  revenue 
identified  risks 
transactions  recorded  in  the  year  may  not  exist  (the 
risk of fictitious revenue transactions) or that revenues 
transactions  recorded  in  the  year  may  not  have  been 
despatched  to  the  customer  before  year  end  and 
therefore  may  have  been  recorded  in  the  incorrect 
period. 

The accounting policy is documented in note 3 

Accounting for the acquisition of the m2m 
technology and the subsequent group 
reconstruction  

The Group acquired the m2m technology in the year 
in exchange for the issue of shares in the Subsidiary to 
the  vendor,  which  has  been  accounted  for  as  an 
acquisition of an asset or a group of assets that does 
not constitute a business.  

We obtained management's assessment of the fair values of 
the m2m technology acquired by the Group during the year, 
together with the valuation of the intangible asset arising, as 
further explained in Note 3 to the financial statements. We 
the  valuation  basis  and 
challenged  management  on 
assumptions. 

The Company acquired the Subsidiary in the year in 
exchange  for  the  issue  of  shares  in  the  Company  to 
shareholders in the Subsidiary. The Directors consider 
the acquisition of the entire issued common stock of 
the  Subsidiary  by  the  Company  in  exchange  for 
equivalent equity participation in the Company to be a 
group re-organisation and not a business combination 
and to fall outside the scope of IFRS3. 

We reviewed the basis of accounting for the acquired m2m 
technology and the group reorganisation. 

Our audit procedures in relation to these matters were designed in the context of our audit opinion as a whole. They 
were not designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters individually and we express no such opinion. 
Polarean Imaging plc 
23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Independent Auditors’ report to the members of 

 Polarean Imaging plc 

continued 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in 
the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we 
do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing 
so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge 
obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or 
apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial 
statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit  

• 

• 

the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors'  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the directors’ report and strategic report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in 
the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to 
you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have 
not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 19, the directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they  give a true and fair view, and for such 
internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the  directors are  responsible for assessing the group’s and parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going 
concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about  whether the financial statements as a  whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s 
report. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Independent Auditors’ report to the members of 

 Polarean Imaging plc 

continued 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the Group's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Group's members those matters we are 
required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do 
not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Group and the Group's members as a body, for our audit 
work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Stephen Bullock (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of  
Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
London 
12 June 2018 

Polarean Imaging plc 
25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative expenses 
Depreciation 
Amortisation 
Selling and distribution expenses 
Loss on contingent consideration revaluation 
Share-based payment 

Total administrative expenses 

Operating loss 
Finance income 
Finance expense 

Loss before tax 
Taxation expense 

Year ended 31 
December 
2017 
US$ 

Year ended 31 
December  
2016   
US$ 

1,237,163 

(297,215) 

939,948 

(4,051,000) 
(7,478) 
(361,746) 
(28,752) 
- 
(414,866) 

880,645 

(488,888) 

391,757 

(1,282,313) 
(4,747) 
(4,600) 
(35,238) 
(5,000) 
(115,399) 

(4,863,842) 

(1,447,297) 

(3,923,894) 
129 
(34,056) 

(3,957,821) 
- 

(1,055,540) 
147 
(4,320) 

(1,059,713) 
- 

Notes 

4 

11 
12 

19 

6 
7 
7 

10 

Loss for the year and total other comprehensive expense 

(3,957,821) 

(1,059,713) 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted (US$) 

The results reflected above relate to continuing activities.  

   9 

(3.71) 

(0.99) 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
26 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

as at 31 December 2017 

Notes 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Trade and other receivables 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity attributable to holders of the parent 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Group re-organisation reserve 
Other equity 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained losses 

Non-current liabilities 
Provision for contingent consideration 
Deferred revenue 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Deferred revenue 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

12 
11 
14 

15 
14 
16 

17 
18 
18 
18 
19 
18 

20 
21 

22 
23 
21 

2017 
US$ 

2016 
US$ 

4,661,250 
21,341 
12,539 
4,695,130 

649,860 
488,861 
960,217 
2,098,938 
6,794,068 

23,000 
11,985 
3,961 
38,946 

321,661 
16,035 
97,847 
435,543 
474,489 

23,291 
1,448,037 
7,813,337 
87,305 
826,545 
(6,758,108) 
3,440,407 

1 
- 
1,976,367 
- 
238,172 
(2,800,287) 
(585,747) 

316,000 
- 
316,000 

1,906,376 
1,104,723 
26,562 
3,037,661 
6,794,068 

316,000 
10,257 
326,257 

562,515 
104,541 
66,923 
733,979 
474,489 

These Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on  12 June 2018 
and were signed on its behalf by: 

Richard Morgan  
Non-executive Chairman 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Polarean Imaging plc 
27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Company Statement of Financial Position 

as at 31 December 2017 

Notes 

2017 
US$ 

2016 
US$ 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity attributable to holders of the parent 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger reserve 
Other Reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained losses 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

13 

14 
16 

17 
18 
                     18 
                     18 
                     19 
                     18 

22 
23 

4,342,848 
4,342,848 

1,891,495 
23,106 

1,914,601 
6,257,449 

23,291 
1,448,037 
4,322,527 
87,305 
521,514 
(956,714) 
5,445,960 

25,742 
785,747 

811,489 

6,257,449 

- 
- 

1 
- 

1 
1 

1 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 

- 
- 

- 

1 

The loss for the financial year dealt with in the financial statements of the parent Company was  US$956,714 
(2016: US$nil). 

These Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on  12 June 2018 
and were signed on its behalf by: 

Richard Morgan  
Non-executive Chairman 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Share 
capital  
US$ 

Share 
premium 
US$ 

Other 
equity 
US$ 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
US$ 

Group re-
org reserve 
US$ 

Retained 
losses 
US$ 

Total 
equity 
US$ 

- 

- 

1 
- 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

122,773 

1,976,367 

(1,740,574) 

358,566 

- 

- 

(1,059,713) 

(1,059,713) 

- 
115,399 

- 
- 

- 
- 

1 
115,399 

238,172 

1,976,367 

(2,800,287) 

(585,747) 

238,172 

1,976,367 

(2,800,287) 

(585,747) 

- 

- 

(3,957,821) 

(3,957,821) 

2,970  1,982,094 
(534,057) 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
20,320 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
87,305 

- 
173,507 
414,866 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
5,836,970 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1,985,064 
(360,550) 
414,866 
5,857,290 
87,305 

As at 1 January 2016 
Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 

Transactions with owners 

Issue of shares 
Share-based payment 
expense 
As at 31 December 2016 

As at 1 January 2017 
Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares  
Share issue costs 
Share-based payments 
Group re-organisation 
Convertible loans 

As at 31 December 2017 

23,291  1,448,037 

87,305 

826,545 

7,813,337 

(6,758,108) 

3,440,407 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Share 
capital  
US$ 

Share 
premium 
US$ 

Other 
equity 
US$ 

Share based 
payment 
reserve 
US$ 

Merger 
reserve 
US$ 

Retained 
losses 
US$ 

Total 
equity 
US$ 

- 

- 

1 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

1 

(956,714) 

(956,714) 

23,290  1,982,094 
(534,057) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
87,305 

-  4,322,527 
- 
- 
- 

173,507 
348,007 
- 

-  6,327,911 
(360,550) 
- 
348,007 
- 
87,305 
- 

As at 1 January 2016 
Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 

Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares 

As at 31 December 2016 

As at 1 January 2017 
Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares  
Share issue costs 
Share-based payments 
Convertible loans 

As at 31 December 2017 

23,291  1,448,037 

87,305 

521,514  4,322,527 

(956,714)  5,445,960 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Year ended     

31 December 

Year ended 31 
December 2016 

2017                   
US$ 

US$              

Cash flows from operating activities  
Loss before tax 
Adjustments for non-cash/non-operating items: 
Depreciation of plant and equipment 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Increase in provision for contingent consideration 
Share based compensation 
Issue of warrants in lieu of fees 
Interest paid 
Interest received 
Write off share issuance costs 
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 

(Increase)/Decrease in inventories 
(Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 
Decrease in deferred revenue 

Cash used in operations 

Income taxes 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of plant and equipment 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Issue of shares 
Interest paid 
Interest received 
Proceeds from (repayment of) borrowings  

Net cash generated by/(used in) financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

(3,957,821) 

(1,059,713) 

7,478 
361,746 
- 
414,866 
- 
34,056 
(129) 
- 
(3,139,804) 

(328,199) 
(440,931) 
1,343,861 
(50,618) 

(2,615,691) 

4,747 
4,600 
5,000 
50,213 
65,186 
4,320 
(147) 
- 
(925,794) 

80,403 
119,492 
67,031 
(101,119) 

(759,987) 

- 

- 

(2,615,691) 

(759,987) 

(16,834) 
(16,834) 

(10,933) 
(10,933) 

2,481,808 
(34,056) 
129 
1,047,014 

3,494,895

862,370 
97,847 
960,217 

- 
(4,320) 
147 
(39,459) 

(43,632) 

(814,552) 
912,399 
97,847 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements

Polarean Imaging plc 
31 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Statement of Cash Flows 

for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Cash flows from operating activities  
Loss before tax 
Adjustments for non-cash/non-operating items: 
Share based payment expense 
Operating cash flows before movements in working capital 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 

Cash used by operations 

Income taxes 
Net cash used by operating activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Loans to related parties 
Issue of notes and loans 

Issue of shares 

Net cash generated by financing activities 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

Year ended  
31 December 
2017 
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December 
2016 
US$ 

(956,714) 

348,007  
(608,707) 

- 
25,742 

(582,965) 

- 
(582,965) 

(1,851,022) 
832,579 
1,624,514 

606,071 

23,106 

- 

23,106 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The accompanying notes on pages 33 to 55 are an integral part of these financial statements.

Polarean Imaging plc 
32 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 

1 

General information 

The Company is incorporated under the laws of England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006. The registered 
number is 10442853 and its registered office is at 27-28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH.  The  Company  is 
listed on AIM of the London Stock Exchange. 

The Company is the parent company of Polarean, Inc (the “Subsidiary”, together the “Group”). The principal activity 
of the Group is developing next generation medical imaging technology. The Subsidiary is incorporated in the United 
States of America and has a registered office of 2500 Meridian Parkway #175, Durham, NC 27713, USA. 

2 

Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

No new IFRS standards, amendments or interpretations became effective in 201 7 which had a material effect on 
these Financial Statements. 

At  the  date  of  approval  of  these  Financial  Statements,  the  directors  have  considered  IFRS  Standards  and 
Interpretations, which have not been applied in these Financial Statements, were in issue but not yet effective.  

New standards, amendments and interpretations  
The following new standards have not been early adopted in this historical financial information: 

- 
- 
- 

IFRS 9 “Financial instruments” effective 1 January 2018;  
IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers”, effective 1 January 2018; and 
IFRS 16 “Leases”, effective 1 January 2019. 

The  notes  IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  which  is  to  be  adopted  for  all  accounting  periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2018. IFRS 15 introduces a five-step approach to revenue recognition based on the 
delivery of performance obligations and an assessment of when control is transferred. This differs from existing IAS 
11 and IAS 18 which focus on the transfer of “risk and reward” as the point of recognition.   An assessment of the 
impact of IFRS 15 has been completed. The review has concluded that revenue recognition under IFRS 15 is expected 
to be consistent with current practice for the Group’s revenue and had IFRS 15 been applied in the current reporting 
period, it would not have had a material impact on the financial statements.  

The Company also notes IFRS16 Leases which takes effect and will be adopted in 2019. This IFRS will require the 
Company to recognise the lease on its premises as both an asset and a rental commitment in its statement of financial 
position. Details of future obligations are disclosed in note 24(b). If IFRS 16 had been adopted at the balance sheet 
date, assets and liabilities increase by approximately US$256,000 with an immaterial impact on the reported results. 

IFRS  9  is  applicable  retrospectively  and  includes  revised  requirements  for  the  classification  and  measurement  of 
financial instruments. Key changes to accounting requirements under IFRS 9 which may be relevant to the Company 
include  the  requirement  to  apply  a  new  impairment  model  based  on  expected  loss  in  recognising  impairment  of 
financial assets including trade and other Receivables. This may result in the recognition of additional impairment 
losses against the carrying values of these financial assets, at a point in time which is earlier than under the current 
accounting policies. Management have assessed that the impact is likely to be immaterial to the financial statements. 

3 

Significant accounting policies 

Basis of preparation 
These  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as 
adopted by the European Union (“IFRS”) and under the historical cost convention, as modified by the use of fair value 
for  financial  instruments  measured  at  fair  value.  The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  United  States  Dollars 
(“US$”) except where otherwise indicated. 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies 
have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

3 

Significant accounting policies continued 

Basis of consolidation 

On 30 May 2017 Polarean Merger-Sub, Inc., a subsidiary of the Subsidiary, completed a merger process under which it 
acquired substantially all of the assets of m2m Imaging Corp (“m2m”), a portfolio company of Amphion Innovations plc 
engaged  in  the  development  of  high  performance  MRI  RF  coils  for  the  global  research  market,  primarily  in  micro-
imaging. By 2016 m2m had been inactive for several years due to an inability to raise funds. At the date of the merger 
the assets of m2m were its technology and patents. The merger was effected by way of court sanction in the process of 
which the Subsidiary acquired, through a special purpose entity, Polarean Merger Sub, Inc. the assets of another special 
purpose entity, m2m Merger Sub, Inc., with m2m Merger Sub, Inc. being the surviving entity. After the reporting date, 
on 1 September 2017, m2m Merger Sub, Inc. was merged into the Subsidiary with the Subsidiary being the surviving 
entity, the effect being that m2m Merger Sub, Inc. was collapsed and the Subsidiary had acquired the m2m assets. 

As part of the arrangements for the merger 576,430 shares in the Subsidiary were issued to the former shareholders in 
m2m with the intention that all parties would exchange their stock in Polarean, Inc. for shares in the Group on a pro rata 
basis as soon as practicable.  

The  Directors consider the  merger between the Subsidiary  and  m2m  Acquisition, Inc. as a consequence of  which the 
group  acquired  the  exclusive  worldwide  rights  to  m2m’s  technology  and  patents  does  not  meet  the  definition  of  an 
acquisition of a business as set out in IFRS3 and has therefore be accounted for as the acquisition of an asset or a group 
of assets that does not constitute a business.  

IFRS3  requires  that  in  such  cases  the  acquirer  shall  identify  and  recognise  the  individual  identifiable  assets  acquired 
(including those assets that  meet the definition of, and recognition criteria  for, intangible assets in IAS 38 Intangible 
assets) and to allocate the cost of the individual identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values 
at the date of purchase. Such a transaction or event does not give rise to goodwill.  

The provisional estimate of the fair value of the assets acquired under the merger arrangement of US$4,999,996 represents 
the  aggregate  estimated  value  of  the  financial  obligations  of  the  former  m2mshareholders  which  were  converted  into 
equity in m2m prior to the merger agreement 

The Directors consider the acquisition of the entire issued common stock of the Subsidiary by the Company in exchange 
for equivalent equity participation in the Company to be a group re-organisation and not a business combination and to 
fall outside the scope of IFRS3. Having considered the requirements of IAS 8 and the relevant UK and US guidance, the 
transaction has been accounted for on a merger or pooling of interest basis as if both entities had always been combined, 
using book values, with no fair value adjustments made nor goodwill recognised. 

Going concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  

The Directors consider the going concern basis of preparation to be appropriate in preparing the financial statements. 
The key conclusions are summarised below: 

The Group is in its development stage and has not yet moved to full commercial exploitation of its IP. During the year 
ended 31 December 2017 the Group recorded a loss after tax of US$3,957,821 (2016: loss of US$1,059,713) and a 
net cash outflow from operating activities of US$2,615,691 (2016: US$759,987).   

On 21 December 2017 the Group raised proceeds of US$0.9 million from investors by the issue of a convertible loan 
note. After the balance sheet date the Group raised a further US$3.2 million net of costs from a placing and subscription 
of new shares on admission to AIM. 

In  considering  the  appropriateness  of  this  basis  of  preparation,  the  Directors  have  reviewed  the  Group’s  working 
capital forecasts for a minimum of 12 months from the date of the approval of this financial information.  Based on 
their consideration the Directors have reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue for 
the foreseeable future and that carrying values of intangible assets are supported.  Thus, they continue to adopt the 
going concern basis of accounting in preparing this financial information. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

3 

Significant accounting policies continued 

Revenue recognition 
Sale of goods 
Revenue  comprises  the  fair  value  of  the  sale  of  goods  to  external  customers,  net  of  applicable  sales  tax,  rebates, 
promotions  and  returns.  Revenue  is  recognised  on  the  sale  of  goods  when  the  significant  risks  and  rewards  of 
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Revenue on 
goods delivered is recognised  when the  customer accepts delivery and on services  when those services  have been 
rendered 

Rendering of services 
Revenue from a contract to provide parts and services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided 
in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all the following conditions are satisfied:  

• 
• 
• 
• 

the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 
is it probable that the Group will receive the consideration due under the contract; 
the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably, and; 
the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably. 

Any  unexpired  portion  of  service  contract  or  payment  received  in  advance  in  respect  of  service  contracts  either 
partially completed or not started, are included in the deferred income and released over their remaining term. 

Grant revenue 
Grants are not recognised until there is a reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching 
to them and that the grants will be received. Grants are treated as deferred income and released to the income statement 
on the achievement of the relevant performance criteria.  

Property, plant and equipment  
Owned assets  
Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or deemed cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment 
losses.  Cost  includes  the  original  purchase  price  of  the  asset  and  the  costs  attributable  to  bringing  the  asset  to  its 
working condition for its intended use. When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful 
lives, those components are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.  

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only 
when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the 
item can be measured reliably. 

Depreciation  
Depreciation is charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item 
of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives are as follows:  

●  Computer and IT equipment – 33% straight line 

●  Leasehold improvements – 3 – 4% straight line 

●  Laboratory equipment – 20% straight line 

The residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, or if there is an 
indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.  

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised 
within “other operating income” in the statement of income.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

3 

Significant accounting policies continued 

Intangible Assets 
Patents and related rights  which are  acquired through a business combination, are assessed by reviewing their net 
present value of future cash flows. Patents are currently amortised over their useful life, not exceeding 10 years.  

Internally generated intangible assets – research costs are costs incurred in research activities and are recognised as 
an  expense  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  incurred.  An  internally  generated  intangible  asset  arising  from  the 
development of commercial technologies is recognised only if all of the following conditions are met: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

it is probable that the asset will create future economic benefits; 
the development costs can be measured reliably; 
technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset can be demonstrated; 
there is the intention to complete the asset and use or sell it; 
there is the ability to use or sell the asset; and 
adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the asset are 
available. 

At this time the Directors consider that the Group does not meet all of those conditions and development costs are 
therefore recorded as expense in the period in which the cost is incurred.  

Inventory 
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted 
average cost principle and includes expenditure incurred in inventories, adjusted for rebates, and other costs incurred 
in bringing them to their existing location. 

Impairment of non-financial assets 
Non-financial  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the 
carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s 
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less 
costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are reviewed at the lowest levels for 
which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).  

Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment 
at each reporting date. 

Financial assets  
Classification 
The Group classifies its financial assets as loans and receivables. The classification depends on the purpose for which 
the investments were acquired. Management determines the classification of its investments at initial recognition.  

Loans and receivables 
Loans  and  receivables  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable  payments.  They  are  initially 
recognised at fair value and are subsequently stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method.  

Impairment of financial assets  
Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on 
the part of the counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the Group will be unable to collect all of 
the  amounts due  under the terms receivable, the amount of such a provision being the  difference between the net 
carrying amount and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired asset. 

Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

3 

Significant accounting policies continued 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Trade and other payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost. Accounts 
payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-
current liabilities. 

Convertible debt 
The proceeds received on issue of the Group's convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity components. 
The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate of interest 
that would be payable on a similar debt instrument that does not include an option to convert. Subsequently, the debt 
component is accounted for as a financial liability measured at amortised cost until extinguished on conversion or 
maturity of the bond. The remainder of the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option and is recognised in the 
"Other equity" within shareholders' equity, net of income tax effects. 

Borrowings 
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried 
at  amortised  cost;  any  difference  between  the  proceeds  (net  of  transaction  costs)  and  the  redemption  value  is 
recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. 

Borrowings are de-recognised from the statement of financial position when the obligation specified in the contract is 
discharged, is cancelled or expires. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been 
extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or 
liabilities assumed, is recognised in the income statement as other operating income or finance costs.  

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the 
liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period.  

Employee benefits: pension obligations  
The Group operates a defined contribution plan. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group 
pays  fixed  contributions  into  a  separate  entity.  The  Group  has  no  legal  or  constructive  obligations  to  pay  further 
contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service 
in the current and prior periods.  

The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised 
as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a 
cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available. 

Provisions  
A provision is recognised in the statement of financial position when the Group has a present legal or constructive 
obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle 
the obligation. If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a 
pre-tax  rate  that  reflects  current  market  assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and,  when  appropriate,  the  risks 
specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised in finance costs.  

Share capital  
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown 
in share premium as a deduction from the proceeds. 

Net finance costs  
Finance costs 
Finance costs comprise interest payable on borrowings, direct issue costs, dividends on preference shares and foreign 
exchange losses; and are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. 

Finance income 
Finance income comprises interest receivable on funds invested, and foreign exchange gains.  

Interest income is recognised in the income statement as it accrues using the effective interest method. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

3 

Significant accounting policies continued 

Leases 
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards 
of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as 
operating leases. The costs associated with operating leases are taken to the income statement on an accruals basis 
over the period of the lease.  

Income tax  
Income  tax  for  the  years  presented  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Income  tax  is  recognised  in  the  income 
statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in 
equity.  Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  year,  using  tax  rates  enacted  or 
substantively  enacted  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date,  and  any  adjustment  to  tax  payable  in  respect  of 
previous years.  

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arsing between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their 
carrying amounts.  

The following temporary differences are not recognised if they arise from a) the initial recognition of goodwill, and 
b) for the initial recognition of other assets or liabilities in a transaction other than a business combination that at the 
time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates 
and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the 
related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available 
against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that 
the related tax benefit will be realised.  

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by 
the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle 
the balances on a net basis.  

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the Group’s financial statements under IFRS as endorsed by the EU requires the directors to make 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent 
assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and 
other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates.  

The directors consider that the following estimates and judgements are likely to have the most significant effect on 
the amounts recognised in the financial statements.  

Carrying value of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment 
In determining  whether there are indicators of impairment  of the  Group’s  intangible assets, the directors take into 
consideration various factors including the economic viability and expected future financial performance of the asset 
and when it relates to the intangible assets arising on a business combination, the expected future performance of the 
business acquired.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

4 

Segmental Information 

IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the  Group 
that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (which takes the form of the Board of Directors) as 
defined in IFRS 8, in order to allocate resources to the segment and to assess its performance. 

The chief operating decision maker has determined that the Group has one operating segment, the development and 
commercialisation of gas polariser devices and ancillary instruments. Revenues are reviewed based on the products 
and services provided: Polarisers, Parts and Upgrade, Service and Other revenue. 

The Group operates in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. 
Revenue by origin of geographical segment for all entities in the Group is as follows: 

Revenue 

Canada 
Germany 

United Kingdom 

United States of America 

Total 

 Non-current assets 

United States of America 

Total 

Product and services revenue analysis 

 Revenue 

Polarisers 
Parts & Upgrade 

Service 

Grants 

Total 

Year ended 

Year ended 

31 December 

31 December 

2017 

US$ 

340,113 
24,617 

111,765 

760,668 

1,237,163 

2016 

US$ 

5,269 
- 

38,433 

836,943 

880,645 

Year ended 

Year ended 

31 December 

31 December 

2017 

US$ 

4,695,130 

4,695,130 

2016 

US$ 

38,946 

38,946 

Year ended 

Year ended 

31 December 

31 December 

2017 

US$ 

340,113 
91,529 

154,528 

650,993 

1,237,163 

2016 

US$ 

600,000 
46,022 

131,866 

102,757 

880,645 

Management measures revenues by reference to the Group’s core services and products and related services, which 
underpin such income. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

5 

Employees and Directors 

Staff costs for the Group and the Company during the year: 

Wages and Salaries 
Social Security Costs 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
US$ 
837,619 
321,009 
1,158,628 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
No. 

Year ended 
31 December 
2016 
US$ 
356,762 
137,059 
493,821 

Year ended 
31 December 
2016 

 No.  

Average number of employees (including directors) 

Senior management including directors 

- 
-  R&D and clinical trial 
-  Administration  

             Total 

                              5 
                        7 
                        1 
                      13                                   

2 
2 
1 
5 

Key management compensation 
The following table details the aggregate compensation paid to key management personnel. 

Salaries and fees 
Social security costs 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
US$ 
512,636 
196,462 

709,098 

Year ended 
31 December 
2016 
US$ 
207,804 
79,833 

287,637 

Key management personnel include all directors who together have authority and responsibility for planning, 
directing, and controlling the activities of the Group and senior divisional managers.  

6 

Operating loss 

Depreciation 

-  Owned plant and equipment 

-  Leased plant and equipment 

Amortisation of intangible assets 

Research expenses 

Operating lease costs 

Auditors remuneration (note 8) 

Polarean Imaging plc 
40 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
US$ 

Year ended 
31 December 
2016 
US$ 

6,939 

539 

361,746 

167,655 

68,335 

143,792 

4,387 

360 

4,600 

145,443 

59,984 

- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

7 

Net finance costs 

Interest income 

Total finance income 

Finance costs on loans 

Total finance costs 

8 

Auditor remuneration  

Auditors remuneration 

Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for audit of Parent 
Company and Consolidated Financial Statements 
Fees payables to the Group’s auditor for other services 
(assurance related services) 

9 

Loss per share 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
129 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
147 

129 

147 

34,056 

34,056 

4,320 

4,320 

Year ended 
31 December 
2017 
US$ 

Year ended 
31 December 
2016 
US$ 

45,237 

98,555 

- 

- 

The loss per share has been calculated using the loss for the year and the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares outstanding during the year, as follows: 

Loss for the year attributable to shareholders of the Group (US$) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares* 

Basic and diluted loss per share  

Year ended  
31 December 
2017  
US$ 
(3,957,821) 
1,066,516 

Year ended 31 
December 
2016  
US$ 
(1,059,713) 
1,066,516 

(3.71) 

(0.99) 

For  diluted  loss  per  share,  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  in  issue  is  adjusted  to  assume 
conversion  of  all  potential  dilutive  warrants,  options  and  convertible  loans  over  ordinary  shares.  Potential 
ordinary shares resulting from the exercise of warrants. options and the conversion of convertible loans have an 
anti-dilutive effect due to the Group being in a loss position. As a result, diluted loss per share is disclosed as 
the same value as basic loss per share. 

Due to the nature of the share capital structure of the Group in 2016, the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares in 2017 has been used in 2016. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
41 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

10 

Taxation 

There were no charges to current corporate taxation due to the losses incurred by the Group in the period. No deferred 
tax assets have been recognised due to the uncertainty of reversal being dependant on future taxable profits. 
Income taxes computed at the statutory federal income tax of 35% (2016: 34%) and the state income tax of 3.30% 
(2016: 3.30%). UK corporation tax is calculated at 19.25% of the estimated assessable profits for the year. 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 
Loss on ordinary activities multiplied by the rate of corporation tax 
in the US as above 
Effects of: 
Adjustments for rate of tax in other jurisdictions 
Unrelieved tax losses carried forward 
Total taxation charge/(credit) 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
(3,957,821) 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
(1,059,713) 

(1,385,237) 

(370,900)  

226,518 
1,158,719 
- 

- 
370,900 
- 

The tax reform act of 1986 contains provisions which limit the ability to utilise the net operating loss carryforwards 
in the case of certain events including significant changes in ownership interests. If the  Group’s net operating loss 
carryforward, the Group would incur a federal income tax liability even though net operating loss carryforwards would 
be available in future years.  

11 

Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2016 
Additions 
At 31 December 2016 
Additions 
At 31 December 2017 
Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2016 
Depreciation expense 
At 31 December 2016 
Depreciation expense 
At 31 December 2017 
Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2016 

At 31 December 2017 

Leasehold 
improvements 
US$ 

Furniture and 
equipment  
US$ 

Computers 
and IT 
equipment  
US$ 

- 
2,695 
2,695 
- 
2,695 

- 
360 
360 
539 
899 

2,335 

1,796 

19,433 
8,238 
27,671 
- 
27,671  

17,122 
2,394 
19,516 
2,775 
22,291 

8,155 

5,380 

8,232 
- 
8,232 
16,834 
25,066 

4,744 
1,993 
6,737 
4,164 
10,901 

1,495 

14,165 

Total  
US$ 

27,665 
10,933 
38,598 
16,834 
55,432 

21,866 
4,747 
26,613 
7,478 
34,091 

11,985 

21,341 

Polarean Imaging plc 
42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

12 

Intangible assets 

Cost 

At 1 January 2016 

Additions 

At 31 December 2016 

Additions – m2m (see note 3 – basis of consolidation) 

At 31 December 2017 

Accumulated amortisation 

 At 1 January 2016 

Amortisation expense 

At 31 December 2016 

Amortisation expense  

At 31 December 2017 

Carrying amount 

At 31 December 2016 
At 31 December 2017 

13 

Investment in subsidiary undertakings 

Company 
Cost 
At 31 December 2016 
Additions 
At 31 December 2017 
Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2016 
At 31 December 2017 

Patents 
US$ 

46,000 

- 

46,000 

4,999,996 

5,045,996 

18,400 

4,600 

23,000 

361,746 

384,746 

Total 
US$  

46,000 

- 

46,000 

4,999,996 

5,045,996 

18,400 

4,600 

23,000 

361,746 

384,746 

23,000 
4,661,250 

23,000 
4,661,250 

Subsidiary 
Undertakings 
US$  

- 
4,342,848 
4,342,848 

- 
4,342,848 

The Directors annually assess the carrying value of the investment in the  Subsidiary and in their opinion no 
impairment provision is currently necessary.  

The net carrying amounts noted above relates to the Subsidiary.   

The subsidiary undertakings during the year were as follows:  

Polarean Inc. 

Registered office address 
2500 Meridian Parkway #175, Durham, NC 27713, USA 

Country of 
incorporation 
USA 

Interest 
held 
% 
100 

Polarean Imaging plc 
43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

14 

Trade and other receivables 

Amounts falling due after one 
year 

Deposit 

¤ 

                  Group 
Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
12,539 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
3,961 

                 Company 
Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 

           -       -                      -    

Amounts falling due within one year 

Trade receivables 

Other receivables 

Prepayments 

Due from Group undertakings 
Called up share capital not fully paid 

Due from borrowings 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 

750 

11,260 

415,331 

31,686 

- 
620 

40,474 

488,861 

- 

4,155 

- 
620 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,851,021 
- 

40,474 

16,035 

1,891,495 

- 

1 

- 

- 
- 

- 

1 

Trade  receivables  disclosed  above  are  classified  as  loans  and  receivables  and  are  therefore  measured  at 
amortised cost. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates 
their fair value. 

As at 31 December 2017, there were no receivables past due or considered to be impaired (2016: Nil).  

All non-current receivables are due within five years from the end of the reporting period. 

15 

Inventory 

Component parts 

            Group 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
649,860 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
321,661 

16 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
960,217 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
97,847 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
23,106 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 

Polarean Imaging plc 
44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

17 

Share capital 

The issued share capital of the Company was as follows: 

Allotted and called up - Ordinary 
shares of 1p each 

At beginning of period 

Issue of shares to subscribers 

Sub-division 

Issue of shares on group reorganisation 

Issue of shares to investors 

At end of period 

2017 
No. 

1 

- 

99 

1,582,587 

231,316 
1,814,003 

2017 
US$ 

1 

- 

- 

20,320 

2,970 
23,291 

2016 
No. 

2016 
US$ 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 
1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 
1 

The Company was incorporated on 24 October 2016 with issued share capital of £1 comprising 1 ordinary share 
of £1 each.  On 30 May 2017 the share capital of the Group was divided into 100 ordinary shares of 1p each. 

On  30  May  2017  the  Company  issued  1,582,687  new  ordinary  shares  as  consideration  for  the  acquisition  of 
100% of the issued share capital of the Subsidiary. 

On 31 May 2017, the  Company raised  US$2 million of pre-IPO funding by  way of the issue of 231,316 new 
ordinary shares at a price of £6.68 per share. 

After  the  reporting  date,  on  16  February  2018  the  Company  sub-divided  its  share  capital  on  the  basis  of 
26.71999:1.  The number of ordinary shares in issue in the  Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub-
division was 48,470,142.  

18 

Reserves 

a) Group  

Share premium 
Share premium represents the excess of subscription amounts for the issue of shares over nominal value of shares 
issued, less any attributable share issue costs. 

Group re-organisation reserve 
The group re-organisation reserve arose on the transaction under which the  Group acquired the Subsidiary by 
way of a group re-organisation. 

Other equity 
Includes the value of conversion rights on convertible loans. 

Share based payment reserve 
The share based payments reserves represents the fair value of options and warrants issued to shareholders in 
the Company including arrangements transferred from the Subsidiary on acquisition by the  Group and the pre-
IPO investment round.   

Retained losses 
Includes all current and prior year retained profits and losses. 

b) Company  

Share premium 
Share premium represents the excess of subscription amounts for the issue of shares over nominal value of shares 
issued, less any attributable share issue costs. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

18 

Reserves continued 

Merger reserve 
The  merger reserve represents  the  fair  value of  the consideration  given  in  excess of the  nominal  value of the 
ordinary  shares  issued  by  the  Group  to  effect  the acquisition of  the  Subsidiary.   As  permitted by  s612  of the 
Companies Act 2006 share premium has not been recognised on the shares issue by the  Group.  As permitted by 
IAS  27,  the  net  assets  of  the  subsidiary  at  acquisition  have  been  treated  as  the  deemed  cost  of  the  Group’s 
investment in its individual financial information.   

Share based payment reserve 
The share based payments reserves represents the fair value of options and warrants issued to shareholders in 
the Group including arrangements transferred from the Subsidiary on acquisition by the  Group and the pre-IPO 
investment round.   

Retained losses 
Includes all current and prior year retained profits and losses. 

19 

Share based payments 

Share options 
The  Company  grants  share  options  at  its  discretion  to  Directors,  management  and  employees.  These  are 
accounted for as equity settled transactions. Should the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years 
from  the  date  of  grant  the  options  will  expire  unless  an  extension  is  agreed  to  by  the  board.  Options  are 
exercisable at a price equal to the Company’s quoted market price on the date of grant or an exercise price to 
be determined by the board. 

Details of share options granted, exercised, lapsed and outstanding at the yea r-end are as follows: 

Number 
of share 
options 
2017 
193,000 
- 
- 
- 
193,000 

161,101 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(US$) 
2017 
0.40 
- 
- 
- 
0.40 

Number  
of share  
options 
2016 
163,000 
30,000 
- 
- 
193,000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price (£) 
2016 
0.33 
0.90 
- 
- 
0.40 

0.35 

137,129 

0.26 

Outstanding at beginning of year 
Granted during the year 
Forfeited/lapsed during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Outstanding at end of the year 

Exercisable at end of the year 

Polarean, Inc 2011 Plan  
Between  the  date  of  adoption  of  the  2011  Plan  on  1  December  2011  and  31  December  2016  the  Subsidiary 
issued stock options in the Subsidiary to eligible participants. At 31 December 2016 the maximum number of 
option shares issuable under the Plan was 240,000. The exercise price of shares in the Subsidiary issued under 
the 2011 Plan shall be not less than the fair value of the underlying shares in the Subsidiary on the date of grant 
as determined by the board. Vesting terms may vary slightly but options gener ally vest over four years and are 
exercisable for a period of ten years from date of grant. No options were issued under the 2011Plan in the year 
ended 31 December 2017.  

On 30 May 2017, by way of a Stock Option Substitution Agreement, the 193,000 outstanding 2011 options in 
the Subsidiary were substituted into 193,000 options over shares in the Company. The Stock Option 
Substitution Agreement did not vary or amend any of the terms and condition of the options granted .  

No new options over shares in the Company were issued in the year ended 31 December 2017. 

After the reporting date, on 16 February 2018 the Company sub-divided its share capital on the basis of 
26.71999:1.  The number of options outstanding in the Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub-
division was 5,156,960.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

19 

Share based payments continued 

The fair value of options granted has been calculated using the Black Scholes model which has given rise to 
fair values per share ranging from US$0.06 to US$0.58. This is based on risk-free rates ranging from 1.41% to 
2.55% and volatility ranging from 52% to 61%.  

The Black Scholes calculations for the options granted resulted in a charge of  US$66,859 (2016: US$50,213) 
which has been expensed in the year. 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the share options is 6.2 years (2016: 7.2 years).   

All share options are equity settled on exercise. 

Share warrants 
The Company grants share warrants at its discretion to Directors, management, employees, advisors and lenders. 
These are accounted for as equity settled transactions. Terms of warrants very from agreement to agreement.  

Details for the warrants granted, exercised, lapsed and outstanding at the year-end are as follows: 

Outstanding at beginning of year 
Granted during the year 
Outstanding at end of the year 

Number of 
share warrants 
2017 
190,174 
149,101 
339,275 

Weighted 
average exercise 
price (US$) 
2017 
0.17 
0.19 
0.17 

Number  
of share  
warrants 
2016 
190,174 
- 
190,174 

Weighted 
average exercise 
price (US$) 
2016 
0.17 
- 
0.17 

Exercisable at end of the year 
Note: The figures stated here are pre the share consolidation. 

163,617 

0.12 

145,388 

0.17 

On 1 December 2011, the Subsidiary issued share warrants for an aggregate of 20,000 ordinary in the Subsidiary 
(“2011 Warrants”) in exchange for legal services. The exercise price of the 2011 Warrants is US$0.001 per share 
and the options vested immediately and are exercisable for a period of 10 years after issuance. The 2011 Warrants 
are exercisable only for cash and subject to customary anti-dilution provisions. 

On 3 June 2013, the Subsidiary issued share warrants for an aggregate of 31,917 shares in the Subsidiary (“2013 
Warrants”) in exchange for consulting services. The exercise price of the 2013 Warrants is  US$0.11 per share 
and vested ratably over 18 months and are exercisable for a period of 10 years after issuance. The 2013 Warrants 
are exercisable only for cash and subject to customary anti-dilution provisions. 

On  21  April  2014,  the  Subsidiary  issued  shares  warrants  for  an  aggregate  of  55,556  shares  in  the  Subsidiary 
(“April  2014  Warrants”)  in  exchange  for  extending  the  maturity  date  of  the  2012  convertible  notes  from  31 
December 2013 to 31 December 2015. The strike price of the April 2014 Warrants was  US$0.01 per share and 
vested immediately and were exercisable for a period of 10 years after issuance. The April 2014 Warrants are 
exercisable only for cash and subject to customary anti-dilution provisions. 

On 3 December 2014, the Subsidiary issued common stock warrants for an aggregate of 72,914 shares of the 
Subsidiary’s common stock (“December 2014 Warrants”) in exchange for consulting  services. The strike price 
of the December 2014 Warrants was US$0.20 per share and the December 2014 Warrants vest ratably over 48 
months and are exercisable for a period of 10 years after issuance. The December 2014 Warrants are exercisable 
only for cash and subject to customary anti-dilution provisions. 

On 30 May 2017, by way of a Warrant Substitution Agreement the outstanding warrants in the Subsidiary were 
substituted  into  warrants  over  shares  in  the  Company.  The  Warrant  Substitution  Agreement  did  not  vary  or 
amend any of the terms and conditions of the warrants granted. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

19 

Share based payments continued 

On  completion  of  the  m2m  merger  the  Company  granted  a  warrant  of  5%  of  the  issued  share  capital  of  the 
Subsidiary following the merger to Amphion Innovations Plc, Robert Bertoldi and Richard Morgan. A total of 
97,993 warrants were issued pursuant to the Amphion Warrant Instrument.  

On 31 May 2017 the Company granted 46,264 warrants to subscribers as part of the pre-merger fundraise on 31 
May 2017 (Subscriber Warrants). These warrants can be exercised at any time from Admission to 25 May 2021.  

As part of the pre-Admission fundraising which was completed in December 2017 the Company granted 4,844 
warrants to subscribers (Pre-Admission Fundraise Warrants). These warrants can be exercised at any time from 
Admission to 25 May 2021. 

After the reporting date, on 16 February 2018 the Company sub-divided its share capital on the basis of 
26.71999:1.  The number of warrants outstanding in the Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub-
division was 9,065,421.  

The fair value of options granted during the year have been calculated using the Black Scholes model which has 
given rise to fair values per share ranging from US$2,766 to US$2,921. This is based on risk-free rates ranging 
from 1.44% and volatility ranging from 52%. 

The Black Scholes calculations for the warrants granted during 2017 resulted in a charge of  US$348,007 (2016: 
Nil) which has been expensed in the year. In addition, fair value of warrants issued during 2017 in connection 
with fundraising of US$173,507have been recognised within equity.  

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the share warrants is 3.6 years (2016: 7.1 years)   

20 

Provision for contingent consideration 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
316,000 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
316,000 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
- 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 

Provision for contingent consideration 

On 19 December 2011, the Subsidiary entered into an agreement with a third party to purchase various assets, 
including patents, trademarks, a license agreement and physical inventory. As consideration for this transaction, 
the Subsidiary agreed to pay 5 per cent. of gross revenue on clinical sales of products that are sold related to the 
patents purchased, for seven years. As of 31 December 2017, the fair value of this contingent consideration was 
US$316,000 (2016:316,000). This  liability  is  valued based on a  probability  weighted  expected return  method 
using  projected  future  cash  flows.  There  were  no  significant  events  in  the  year  ended  31  December  2017 
necessitating revision of the probability weighted expected value of the contingent consideration.  

There was therefore no profit or loss arising on revaluation of contingent consideration during the year ended 31 
December 2017 (2016: loss of US$5,000). 

Polarean Imaging plc 
48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

21 

Deferred revenue 

Arising from service contracts 
Current 

Non-current 

22 

Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Accruals and other payables 

Royalties 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 

26,562 

- 

26,562 

66,923 

10,257 

77,180 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
- 
- 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
711,363 
945,013 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
151,725 
160,790 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
- 
- 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 
- 

250,000 

1,906,376 

250,000 

562,515 

25,742 

25,742 

- 

- 

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs 
and are payable within 1 year.  

The Directors consider the carrying value of all financial liabilities to be equivalent to their fair value. 

23 

Borrowings and loans 

Related Party Loans 
Note payable 

Convertible Loan Notes 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
47,086 
265,750 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
104,541 
- 

791,887 

1,104,723 

- 

104,541 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
- 
- 

785,747 

785,747 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 
- 

- 

- 

In June 2013, an unsecured subordinated promissory note was issued to a related party for a principal amount 
of  US$8,000  per  month  for  18  months  for  a  total  of  US$144,000.  The  note  bears  interest  at  3  per  cent.  per 
annum. All principal and outstanding interest on the note is due in 2018. The balance outstanding is US$47,086 
(2016: US$104,541). 

Polarean Imaging plc 
49 

 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

Borrowings and loans continued 

23 

In April 2017, an unsecured loan note was issued for a principal amount of US250,000. The note bears interest 
at 6.75 per cent. per annum. All principal and outstanding interest on the note was due in April 2018. The Group 
received the initial 50 per cent. of the loan upon the completion of the  loan agreement. Upon the completion of 
a mid-term project report, the Group will receive 40 per cent. of the loan whilst the remaining 10 per cent. will 
be received upon completion of the project. The interest on the loan notes can be converted on or prior to the 
maturity date to the value of 80 per cent. of the lowest price per share paid by other purchasers of the Equity 
Interest. The balance outstanding is US$131,141 (2016: Nil). 

In June 2017, an unsecured promissory note was issued for a principal amount of  US$150,000. The note bears 
interest of 6 per cent. per annum. All principal and outstanding interest on the note is due in 2018. The balance 
outstanding is US$140,750 (2016: Nil). 

In  December  2017,  an  unsecured  convertible  loan  note  was  issued  for  a  principal  amount  of  US$903,000 
(£647,147). Notes and accrued interest, at 10 per cent., automatically converted into fully paid Ordinary Shares 
at a conversion price equal to 90 per cent. of the Issue Price of the Ordinary Shares upon Admission. The holder 
of each convertible loan note were granted 129,425 warrants to subscribe for Ordinary Shares at Admission at 
the issue price. The exercise period for the warrants will be 12 months from Admission. The balance outstanding 
is US$785,747 (2016: Nil). 

Net debt reconciliation 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Current borrowings 
Non-current borrowings 
Net debt 

2017 
US$ 

2016 
US$ 

         960,217  
     (1,104,723) 
 -  
        (144,506) 

        97,847  
    (104,541)  
 -  
        (6,694)  

Cash and 
cash 
equivalents 
US$ 

Current 
borrowings 
US$ 

Total 
US$ 

Net debt at 1 January 2016 

      912,399  

       (144,000) 

      768,399  

Cash flows 
Other non-cash movements 

    (814,552)  
               -    

           39,459  
                  -    

    (775,093)  
               -    

Net debt at 31 December 2016 

        97,847  

       (104,541) 

        (6,694)  

Cash flows 
Other non-cash movements 

      862,370  
               -    

     (1,047,014) 
           46,832  

    (184,644) 
        46,832  

Net debt at 31 December 2017 

      960,217  

     (1,104,723) 

    (144,506) 

Polarean Imaging plc 
50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

24 

Commitments and contingencies 

Periodically, the Group may be involved in claims and other legal matters. The  Group records accruals for loss 
contingencies to the extent that management concludes that it is probable that a liability has occurred and the 
amount  of  the  related  loss  can  be  reasonably  estimated.  No  such  accrual  was  deemed  necessary  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2017 (2016: Nil) Legal fees and other expenses related to litigation are expensed as incurred 
and included in general and administrative expenses. 

a)  Royalty commitments 

Royalties – The Subsidiary has entered into three agreements requiring royalty payments. One agreement is 
conditional and requires a payment of 5 per cent. of gross revenue on clinical sales during the payment period 
beginning on the date a product is first commercially sold, contingent on receiving FDA approval, and ending 
seven years from that date. A separate agreement requires payments of 0.25 per cent. of net sales of machines, 
and  20  per  cent  of  any  sublicensing  income  for  a  specific  method  of  use  of  patent  beginning  in  2016. 
Additionally, beginning  five  years after the effective date  of 1 February 2021, there  are  minimum  yearly 
royalties of US$5,000. The third agreement requires a fixed payment of US$250,000 for use of patents. 

b)  Operating lease commitments 

The  Subsidiary  has  leased  various  properties  under  non-cancellable  operating  lease  agreements. 
Operating Leases – Effective 30 January 2012, the Subsidiary entered into a lease agreement with a 40 -
month term with payments ranging from US$3,961 to US$5,907 per month. This lease agreement was 
extended  through  amendments,  with  a  new  effective  termination  date  of  30  September  2021.  The 
Subsidiary  incurred  rent  expense  for  the  year  ended  31  December  201 7  of  US$68,335  (2016: 
US$59,984). 

The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are set out below. 

No later than one year 
Later than one year, and not later than five years 

Total 

                          Land & Buildings 
2017 
US$ 
72,205 
183,421 

2016 
US$ 
63,713 
257,553 

255,626 

321,266 

The operating lease commitments for the rental of the property is calculated on a straight-line basis over 
the length of the lease.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

25 

Financial instruments 

The Group has exposure to the following key risks related to financial instruments:  

i. 
ii. 
iii. 

Market risk 
Credit risk 
Liquidity risk 

This note presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Group’s objectives, 
policies  and  processes  for  measuring  and  managing  risk,  and  the  Group’s  management  of  capital.  Further 
quantitative disclosures are included throughout these consolidated Financial Statements. 

The Group uses financial instruments including cash, loans, as well as trade receivables and payables that arise 
directly from operations. 

Due to the simple nature of these financial instruments, there is no  material difference between book and fair 
values, discounting would not give a material difference to the results of the Group and the Directors believe 
that there are no material sensitivities that require additional disclosure. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss 
to the Subsidiary. In order to minimise the risk, the Subsidiary endeavours only to deal with companies which are 
demonstrably creditworthy and this, together with the aggregate financial exposure, is continuously monitored. The 
maximum exposure to credit risk is the value of the outstanding amount. 

The Directors do not consider that there is any concentration of risk within either trade or other receivables. There 
are no impairments to trade or other receivables in each of the years presented. 

Categories of financial instruments 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Loans and receivables 

Trade and other receivables – current 
Trade and other receivables – non-
current 
Financial Liabilities measured at 
amortised cost 
Trade and other payables 

Borrowings – current 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
960,217 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
97,847 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
23,106 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 

488,861 
12,539 

16,035 
3,961 

1,891,495 
- 

1,906,376 

1,104,723 

562,515 

104,541 

25,742 

785,747 

1 
- 

- 

- 

Polarean Imaging plc 
52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

25 

Financial instruments continued 

Borrowings 

Financial Instruments 
Related Party Loans 

Note payable 

Convertible Loan Notes 

Total 

Group 

Company 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017   
US$ 
47,086 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
104,541 

Year ended  
31 December  
2017  
US$ 
- 

Year ended  
31 December  
2016   
US$ 
- 

265,750 

791,887 

- 

- 

1,104,723 

104,541 

- 

785,747 

785,747 

- 

- 

- 

In June 2013, an unsecured subordinated promissory note was issued to Technology Commercialization Group, for 
whom Kenneth West was a retained consultant, for a principal amount of US$8,000 per month for 18 months for a 
total of US$144,000. The note bears interest at 3 per cent. per annum. The balance outstanding is  US$47,086 and 
US$104,541 as of 31 December 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

On 21 December 2017, the Company entered into subscription agreements with various investors pursuant to which 
the investors have agreed to provide the Company with a total of US$903,000 (£647,147) in exchange for the issue of 
convertible loan notes. Notes and accrued interest are convertible in ordinary shares of 1 penny each at a conversion 
price equal to 90% of the issue price, a corresponding equity conversion feature of US$87,305 has been recognised in 
other equity.  

Capital risk management 
The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising returns 
to shareholders through the optimisation of debt and equity balances. The Group is both equity and debt funded and 
these two elements combine to make up the capital structure of the business. Equity comprises share capital, share 
premium and retained losses and is equal to the amount shown as ‘Equity’ in the statement of financial position. Debt 
comprises various items which are set out in further detail above and in note 23.  

The Group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes to economic conditions 
and risks.  

(a) 

Market risk 

The interest rate profile of the Subsidiary’s borrowings is shown below: 

Interest rate profile of interest bearing borrowings: 

2017 

Interest rate 

Fixed rate borrowings 
Related party loans 
Weighted average cost of fixed rate 
borrowings 

Debt 
US$ 

24,852 

24,852 

2016 

Debt 
US$ 

Interest rate 

6-10% 

104,541 

8% 

104,541 

3% 

3% 

Details of the above borrowings can be found in note 23 above. 

Interest rate sensitivity analysis 
As the interest rates on shareholders loans are fixed, interest rate  risk is considered to be very low.

Polarean Imaging plc 
53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

Financial instruments continued 

25 

(b) 

Liquidity risk 

A maturity analysis of the Subsidiary’s shareholder borrowings is shown below: 

Less than one year 
One to two years 
Two to five years 
Total including interest cash flows 
Less: interest cash flows 
Total principal cash flows 

Derivatives 
The Group and Company have no derivative financial instruments. 

26 

Contingent liabilities 

The Directors are not aware of any material contingent liabilities.  

27 

Related party transactions 

2017 
US$ 
49,631 
- 
- 
49,631 
(2,545) 
47,086 

2016 
US$ 
108,861 
- 
- 
108,861 
(4,320) 
104,541 

In June 2013, an unsecured subordinated promissory note was issued to Technology Commercialization Group, for 
whom Ken West was a retained consultant, for a principal amount of US$8,000 per month for 18 months for a total 
of US$144,000. The note bears interest at 3 per cent. per annum. All principal and outstanding interest on the note 
was due 3 June 2016. The balance outstanding is  US$47,086 and US$104,541 as of 31 December 2017 and 2016, 
respectively. 

28 

Subsequent events 

 After the reporting date, on 16 February 2018 the Company sub-divided its share capital on the basis of 26.71999:1.  
The  number  of  ordinary  shares  in  issue  in  the  Company  at  31  December  2017  reflecting  the  sub-division  was 
48,470,142.  The number of options outstanding in the Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub-division 
was 5,156,960. The number of warrants outstanding in the Company at 31 December 2017 reflecting the sub-division 
was 9,065,421.  

On 29 March 2018, the shares of Polarean Imaging Plc were admitted to trading on the AIM market of the London 
Stock Exchange (‘Admission’) where approximately  US$4.2 million (GBP 3 million) before expenses was raised 
through the placing of 20 million Ordinary Shares. 

On  the  11  April  2018,  the  outstanding  loan  to  North  Carolina  Biotechnology  Center  for  of  US$133,500, 
including accrued interest and principal, was repaid in conjunction with the terms of the loan which required 
repayment if the Company raised more than US$2.6 million in a six-month period. 

On 20 April 2018, the Group announced that it had formally allocated 9,619,200 options to certain directors, persons 
discharging  managerial  responsibilities  (“PDMR”)  and  employees  and  534,400  options  to  Jonathan  Allis.  The 
exercise price for the options is £0.15 being the price at which Polarean’s ordinary shares were placed at Admission. 
The  options  were  granted  at  Admission  pursuant  to  Polarean’s  Pre-Admission  Share  Option  Scheme  dated  12 
December 2017 and will vest in equal portions on an annual basis on the anniversary of Admission, over a four-year 
period from the date of Admission. The options term expires on 29 March 2028. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notes to the Financial Statements 
continued 

28 

Subsequent events continued 

The following directors and PDMRs were a part of the grant of options were: 

•  Richard Morgan was granted 534,400 options; 
•  Richard Hullihen was granted 2,135,440 options; 
•  Kenneth West was granted 1,646,018 options; 
•  Bastiaan Driehuys was granted 534,400 options; 
•  Robert Bertoldi was granted 534,400 options; 
• 
Juergen Laucht was granted 534,400 options; 
•  William Patrick was granted 734,588 options; 
•  Kiarash Emami was granted 734,588 options;  
•  Neil Wadehra was granted 734,588 options; and 
• 

Jonathan Allis was granted 534,400 options under a separate option grant. 

Also, on 20 April 2018, the Company issued a total of 2,772 new Ordinary Shares to holders of convertible loan notes 
("CLNs")  that  were  issued  in  December  2017,  when  the  Group  undertook  a  pre-Admission  fundraise,  in  lieu  of 
interest payable on the CLNs (the "CLN Interest Shares"). 

The Company has a license agreement with Princeton University concerning its hyperpolarized noble gas imaging 
technology. The amount owed is US$250,000, due May 2018. It has negotiated an agreement to an extension of that 
Note, to May 2019, in exchange for an agreement to pay Princeton US$25,000 in June of 2018. 

29 

Control 

The Group is under the control of its shareholders and not any one party. The shareholdings of the directors and entities 
in which they are related are as outlined within the Director’s Report. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notice of the Annual General Meeting 

POLAREAN IMAGING PLC 
(Incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006 with company number 10442853) 

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 

THIS DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION 

If you are in any doubt as to what action you should take, you are recommended to seek your own 
financial advice from your stockbroker or other independent adviser authorised under the Financial 
Services and Markets Act 2000. 

If you have recently sold or transferred all of your shares in Polarean Imaging plc, please forward 
this  document,  together  with  the  accompanying  documents,  as  soon  as  possible  either  to  the 
purchaser or transferee or to the person who arranged the sale or transfer so they can pass these 
documents to the person who now holds the shares. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  the  first  annual  general  meeting  of  Polarean  Imaging  plc  (the 
‘Company’) will be held at the offices of Reed Smith LLP at The Broadgate Tower, 20 Primrose Street, 
London  EC2A  2RS  at  2.00  p.m.  on  18  July  2018  for  the  purpose  of  considering  and,  if  thought  fit, 
transacting the following business: 

ORDINARY BUSINESS 

To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following resolutions which will be proposed as ordinary resolutions: 

1.  To re-elect Richard Morgan as a director of the Company (a ‘Director’), who retires under the provisions set out 
in the Company’s Articles of Association (the ‘Articles’), and who, being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

2.  To re-elect Richard Hullihen as a Director, who retires under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, being 

eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

3.  To re-elect Kenneth West as a Director, who retires under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, being 

eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

4.  To re-elect Bastiaan Driehuys as a Director, who retires  under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, 

being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

5.  To re-elect Jonathan Allis as a Director, who retires under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, being 

eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

6.  To re-elect Robert Bertoldi as a Director, who retires under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, being 

eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

7.  To re-elect Juergen Laucht as a Director, who retires under the provisions set out in the Articles, and who, being 

eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

8.  To appoint Crowe Clarke Whitehill as the  auditors of the  Company  to hold office from the conclusion of the 
AGM to the conclusion of the next meeting at which the financial statements are laid before the Company. 

9.  To authorise the Directors to agree the remuneration of the auditors of the Company. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
56 

 
 
 
 
SPECIAL BUSINESS 

 Notice of the Annual General Meeting 

To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following resolutions as an ordinary resolution in respect of resolution 10 and 
as a special resolution in respect of resolution 11: 

10.  To generally and unconditionally authorise the Directors for the purpose of section 551 of the Companies Act 
2006 (the ‘Act’), in substitution for all existing authorities to the extent unused, to exercise all the powers of the 
Company to allot or grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares in the Company up to an 
aggregate  number of  11,011,419 ordinary shares of  £0.00037 each (being 15 per cent.  of the total  number of 
ordinary shares in issue as at the date of this notice), 

provided that this authority shall expire on the earlier of 15 months after the date of passing of this resolution 
and  the  conclusion  of  the  annual  general  meeting  of  the  Company  next  following  the  passing  of  this 
resolution,  save that the  Company  may, before  such expiry,  make an offer or agreement  which  would or 
might require shares or equity securities, as the case may be, to be allotted or such rights granted after such 
expiry and the Directors may allot shares or equity securities or grant such rights, as the case may be, in 
pursuance  of  such  offer  or  agreement  notwithstanding  that  the  authority  conferred  by  this  resolution  has 
expired. 

11.  Subject  to  the  passing  of  resolution  10  above,  to  empower  the  Directors,  pursuant  to  the  general  authority 
conferred on them and section 570 of the Act, to allot equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of the 
Act) for cash as if section 561 of the Act did not apply to any such allotment, provided that this power shall be 
limited to the allotment of equity securities: 

11.1. made in connection with an offer of securities, open for acceptance for a fixed period, to holders of ordinary 
shares of the Company on the register on a fixed record date in proportion (as nearly as may be) to their then 
holdings of such shares (but subject to such exclusions or other arrangements as the Directors may deem 
necessary or expedient to deal with any legal or practical problems under the laws or requirements of any 
recognised regulatory body or any stock exchange in any overseas territory or in connection with fractional 
entitlements); and/or 

11.2. wholly  for  cash  (otherwise  than  pursuant  to  paragraph  11.1  above)  up  to  an  aggregate  number  of 

11,011,419ordinary shares of £0.00037 each.  

This authority shall expire  on the earlier of 15 months after the date of passing of this resolution and the 
conclusion of the annual general meeting of the Company next following the passing of this resolution but 
the Company may, before such expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares or 
equity securities, as the case may be, to be allotted or such rights granted after such expiry and the Directors 
may allot shares or equity securities or grant such rights, as the case may be, in pursuance of such an offer or 
agreement notwithstanding that the power conferred by this resolution has expired. 

By Order of the Board 

Stephen Austin 
Secretary 

12 June 2018 

Registered Office: 

27-28 Eastcastle Street 
London 
W1W 8DH 

Polarean Imaging plc 
57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Notice of the Annual General Meeting 

NOTES 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

A shareholder entitled to attend and vote at the meeting convened by this notice is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to exercise all or any of 
their rights to attend, speak and vote on their behalf at the annual general meeting. A proxy need not be a shareholder. 

To  appoint  a proxy, shareholders  should use  the  form  of  proxy  enclosed  with this notice  of  annual  general  meeting. Please  carefully  read the 
instructions on how to complete the form of proxy. For a proxy to be effective, the instrument appointing a proxy together with the power of attorney 
or such other authority (if any) under which it is signed or a notarially certified copy of the same must be deposited by 2.00 p.m. (BST) on 16 July 
2018 with the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars Limited of The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR, United Kingdom 
(the ‘Registrars’). The completion and return of a form of proxy does not preclude a shareholder from subsequently attending and voting at the 
annual general meeting in person if he or she so wishes. If a shareholder has appointed a proxy and attends the annual general meeting in person, 
such proxy appointment will automatically be terminated. 

Pursuant to Regulation 41 of Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, the Company specifies that only those shareholders on the register of 
members at 2.00 p.m. (BST) on 16 July 2018 or, if the meeting is adjourned, 48 hours before the time of the adjourned meeting (excluding any part 
of a day that is not a business day), shall be entitled to attend or vote at the annual general meeting in respect of the number of ordinary shares of 
£0.00037 each (the ‘Ordinary Shares’) registered in their name at that time. Changes to the register of members after that time shall be disregarded 
in determining the rights of any person to attend or vote at the annual general meeting. 

Any Shareholder may insert the full name of a proxy or the full names of two alternative proxies of the Shareholder’s choice in the space provided 
with or without deleting ‘the Chairman of the meeting.’ A proxy need not be a Shareholder, but must attend the meeting to represent the relevant 
Shareholder. The person whose name appears first on the Form of Proxy and has not been deleted will be entitled to act as proxy to the exclusion 
of those whose names follow. If this proxy form is signed and returned with no name inserted in the space provided for that purpose, the Chairman 
of the meeting will be deemed to be the appointed proxy. Where a Shareholder appoints as his/her proxy someone other than the Chairman, the 
relevant  Shareholder  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  the  proxy  attends  the  meeting  and  is  aware  of  the  Shareholder’s  voting  intentions.  Any 
alteration, deletion or correction made in the Form of Proxy must be initialled by the signatory/ies. 

A shareholder may appoint more than one proxy provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different Ordinary Share 
or Ordinary Shares held by that shareholder. A shareholder may not appoint more than one proxy to exercise rights attached to any one Ordinary 
Share. If a shareholder wishes to appoint more than one proxy, they should contact the Registrars on 01252 821390, +44 1252 821390 from overseas. 
Lines are open from 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Monday to Friday, excluding public holidays. Alternatively you may write to the Registrars at Share 
Registrars Limited, The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR, United Kingdom for additional proxy forms and for assistance. 

Any corporation which is a shareholder can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf all of its powers as a 
shareholder provided that they do not do so in relation to the same Ordinary Share. 

As at the close of business on the date immediately preceding this notice, the Company's issued share capital comprised 73,409,464 Ordinary 
Shares. Each Ordinary Share carries the right to vote at the Annual General Meeting and, therefore, the total number of voting rights in the Company 
as at close of business on the date immediately preceding this notice is 73,409,464.  

A shareholder’s instructions to the proxy must be indicated in the appropriate space provided. To abstain from voting on a resolution, select the 
relevant ‘Vote withheld’ box. A vote withheld is not a vote in law, which means that the vote will not be counted in the calculation of votes for or 
against the resolution. If no voting indication is given, your proxy will vote or abstain from voting at his or her decision. Your proxy will vote (or 
abstain from voting) as he or she thinks fit in relation to any other matter which is put before the meeting. 

This form of proxy must be signed by the appointor or his attorney duly authorised in writing. The power of attorney or other authority (if any) 
under which the form of proxy is signed, or a notarially certified copy of the power or authority, must be received by the Registrars with the form 
of proxy. If the appointor is a corporation, the form of proxy should be signed on its behalf by an attorney or duly authorised officer or executed as 
a deed or executed under common seal. In the case of joint holders, the signature of any one of them will suffice, but the names of all joint holders 
should be stated. 

CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST Electronic Proxy Appointment Service may do so for the Annual 
General Meeting to be held at 2.00 p.m. (BST) on 18 July 2018 and any adjournment(s) thereof by following the procedures described in the CREST 
manual. All messages relating to the appointment of a proxy or an instruction to a previously-appointed proxy, which are to be transmitted through 
CREST,  must  be  received by  the  Registrars  (ID  7RA36) no  later  than  2.00 p.m.  (BST)  on 16 July  2018,  or,  if  the  annual  general  meeting is 
adjourned, 48 hours before the time fixed for the adjourned meeting (excluding any part of a day that is not a business day). 

In order to revoke a proxy instruction you will need to inform the Company by sending a signed hard copy notice clearly stating your intention to 
revoke your proxy appointment to the Registrars. In the case of a shareholder which is a company, the revocation notice must  be executed in 
accordance with note 12 below. Any power of attorney or any other authority under which the revocation notice is signed (or a duly certified copy 
of such power or authority) must be included with the revocation notice and must be received by the Registrars not less than 48 hours (excluding 
any part of a day that is not a business day) before the time fixed for the holding of the annual general meeting or any adjourned meeting (or in the 
case of a poll before the time appointed for taking the poll) at which the proxy is to attend, speak and to vote. If you attempt to revoke your proxy 
appointment but the revocation is received after the time specified then, subject to the paragraph directly below, your proxy appointment will remain 
valid. 

(12) 

A corporation’s form of proxy must be executed under either its common seal, if any, or under the hand of a duly authorised officer or attorney, in 
each case as required under the laws of its relevant jurisdiction. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
58