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Polarean Imaging plc

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FY2021 Annual Report · Polarean Imaging plc
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261311 Polarean_pp001-pp017.qxp  03/06/2021  20:12  Page 1

Perivan  263432

Polarean Imaging Plc 
Group Annual Report & Accounts 2021 

Company Number 10442853 

261311 Polarean_pp001-pp017.qxp  03/06/2021  20:12  Page 2

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Contents 

Company Information 
Company Information

Chairman’s Statement 
Chairman’s Statement

Chief  Executive Officer’s Statement 
Chief Executive Officer’s Statement

Strategic Report 
Strategic Report

Directors’ Report 
Directors’ Report

Corporate Governance Statement 
Corporate Governance Statement

Remuneration Committee Report 
Remuneration Committee Report

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc 
Independent Auditors’ report to the members of Polarean Imaging plc

Consolidated Statement of  Comprehensive Income 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of  Financial Position 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Company Statement of  Financial Position 
Company Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of  Changes in Equity 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Company Statement of  Changes in Equity 
Company Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of  Cash Flows 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Company Statement of  Cash Flows 
Company Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the Financial Statements 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notice of  the Annual General Meeting 
Notice of the Annual General Meeting

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Directors

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Company Information 

Kenneth West                        Non-Executive Chairman 
Richard Hullihen                    Chief  Executive Officer 
Charles Osborne                   Chief  Financial Officer  
Bastiaan Driehuys, PH.D.     Chief  Technology Officer 
Jonathan Allis, PH.D.            Non-Executive Director  

(resigned 4 May 2022) 

Daniel Brague                       Non-Executive Director  
(appointed 4 May 2022) 
Juergen Laucht                     Non-Executive Director 
Cyrille Petit                            Non-Executive Director 
Frank Schulkes                     Non-Executive Director  

(appointed 13 April 2022) 

Company Secretary

Stephen Austin 

Registered Office

27-28 Eastcastle Street 
London, W1W 8DH 

Company Number

Registered in England and Wales Number 10442853 

Nominated Adviser and Broker

Stifel Nicolaus Europe Limited 
150 Cheapside  
EC2V 6ET 
London 

Independent Auditor

Registrars

Principal Banker

Legal Advisers to the Company

Financial Public Relations 
and Investor Relations

Independent Expert

Crowe U.K. LLP  
55 Ludgate Hill 
London 
EC4M 7JW 

Share Registrars Limited 
3 The Millennium Centre 
Crosby Way 
Farnham 
Surrey 
GU9 7XX 

Silicon Valley Bank 
Alphabeta Building 
14-18 Finsbury Square  
London  
EC2A 1BR 

Reed Smith LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London  
EC2A 2RS 

Walbrook PR 
4 Lombard Street 
London  
EC3V 9HD 

Pharma Ventures Limited 
1300 Parkway Court 
John Smith Drive 
Oxford Business Park South 
Oxford 
OX4 2JY

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Chairman’s Statement 

I am pleased to report on a year of considerable progress for Polarean particularly in light of the ongoing 
global challenges. We have continued to build momentum in our strategy to advance our powerful Xenon 
MRI lung imaging technology towards commercialisation. The COVID pandemic, and the challenges that 
are growing with long COVID, have further accentuated the urgent global need for improved ways to 
diagnose and manage pulmonary disease. Polarean is poised to offer a solution to the gaps that exist 
with current diagnostic imaging to directly measure and visualise lung function. 

Our efforts in 2021 focused on preparation for commercialisation, following the Company’s October 2020 
New Drug Application (“NDA”) submission to the United States Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”). To 
fund these commercialisation efforts, in April 2021, the Company completed an oversubscribed £27 
million placing, subscription and open offer. This financing round put the Company into a strong financial 
position and brought in several new top-tier investors into the Polarean shareholder base. 

The market research and physician advisory boards that were conducted in 2021 thoroughly advanced 
our understanding of the unmet needs our technology seeks to address and highlighted the market 
opportunities  that  exist  in  several  clinical  applications  at  commercial  launch.  Through  scientific 
engagement between our medical affairs team and pulmonary disease thought-leaders undertaken in 
2021, it is clear that awareness, interest, and enthusiasm is building for the potential of hyperpolarised 
xenon MRI to improve the care of patients with pulmonary disease. The interest in Polarean’s technology 
is also growing amongst several pharmaceutical companies that are seeking novel approaches to use 
quantitative, functional lung imaging in the development of their investigational drugs. Finally, Polarean 
has also been in close contact with reimbursement entities in the US market, developing pathways to 
ensure  that  reimbursement  for  the  use  of  Polarean’s  products  is  established,  and  at  a  level  that 
acceptable to insurers and providers 

We were disappointed in early October 2021 to have received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from 
the FDA in response to Polarean’s NDA submission. The Company worked diligently to comprehensively 
respond to the questions raised in the CRL, which were mostly technical and manufacturing related. The 
Company resubmitted the NDA to the FDA on 30 March 2022 and on 20 April 2022, the Company 
announced that the FDA had accepted the resubmission of the NDA and established a user fee goal 
date of 30 September 2022. 

Our primary focus for the remainder of 2022 will be working with the FDA to obtain final approval for our 
drug-device combination product and continuing the planning and preparation for commercial launch. 
We are also looking forward to generating new clinical data evidence to support a strong value proposition 
and indication and geographical expansion in subsequent regulatory filings over the next several years. 

On behalf of the Board, I thank the employees, stakeholders and shareholders for their support, without 
which none of this would have been possible. 

Kenneth West 
Non-Executive Chairman 

17 May 2022 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Chief  Executive Officer’s Statement 

2021 – Year of  Preparation and Response  
We spent the first nine months of 2021 preparing for the launch of our drug-device combination product 
in anticipation of receiving FDA approval in the fourth quarter of 2021. On 5 October 2021, we were 
surprised to receive a CRL from the FDA, indicating that they were unable to approve the NDA in its 
current form. The CRL and subsequent Type A meeting with the FDA provided the Company with the list 
of  issues  that  needed  to  be  addressed  to  obtain  approval.  The  issues  were  mostly  technical  or 
manufacturing-related in nature and centred around the xenon hyperpolariser system. The Company 
worked with its consultants and collaborators to address the items identified in the CRL. On 30 March 
2022, the Company refiled the NDA with the FDA. The resubmission addressed the items identified in 
the CRL. On 20 April 2022, the Company announced that the FDA had accepted the resubmission of 
the NDA and established a user fee goal date of 30 September 2022, designating it Type 2.  

The Opportunity 
Pulmonary disease places a significant burden on the US and global healthcare systems. In addition, 
the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of additional patients who could potentially benefit from 
improvements  in  the  quantitative  assessment  of  pulmonary  function  via  non-invasive  imaging. The 
Company sees a tremendous opportunity to bring our technology’s quantitative, reproducible, non-
invasive method for diagnostic and therapeutic guidance to medicine. Researchers around the world are 
receiving grants to study long COVID patients using the Company’s technologies. Promising preliminary 
results are already emerging and being published and we anticipate additional studies being published 
over  the  next  12  months.  Researchers  are  currently  conducting  clinical  trials  and  pharmaceutical 
company sponsored investigations in multiple areas of pulmonary disease using our technology. The 
Company continues to do market research and work with key opinion leaders through its advisory board 
process to refine and extend our understanding of current standards of care and refine the development 
of the healthcare economic analyses of our technology to support the adoption of hyperpolarised noble 
gas imaging by healthcare providers. The business plan continues to focus initially on addressing the 
high end of the US academic and teaching hospital market segment, which comprises approximately 
the  top  1000  institutions  nationally  having  coincident  multiple  Centres  of  Excellence  in  Pulmonary 
Medicine and Radiology. The combined addressable capital equipment market there for our products 
approaches US$500 million in equipment sales alone, with the consequent drug sales following, as laid 
out in recently published research. We also see a parallel opportunity supporting the pharmaceutical 
industry in improving the velocity and reducing the scale and cost of their pulmonary drug clinical trials 
by providing quantitative, reproducible image-based data. 

Polarean continues to serve the medical imaging research market by providing xenon polarisers to enable 
functional  MRI  of  the  pulmonary  system  to  institutions  and  researchers.  This  brings  dynamic, 
reproducible,  three-dimensional,  high-resolution,  regional,  quantitative,  image-based  information  to 
pulmonary physicians and researchers whose best alternative tool is spirometry, with its limitations in 
use  for  measurement  of  expired  breath.  We  expanded  our  installed  bases  with  two  new  polariser 
installations during 2021, including one at high profile academic research centre, MD Anderson. 

Our Organisation 
In  anticipation  of  FDA  approval,  the  Company  has  been  involved  in  preparing  the  organisation  for 
commercialisation  of  our  products.  The  Company  recently  named  Alexander  Dusek  as  its  Chief 
Commercial  Officer.  Mr.  Dusek  brings  an  extensive  background  in  pharmaceutical  industry 
commercialisation and is building our commercial organisation to support a successful launch upon FDA 
approval. 

Our Operations 
In 2021, the Company focused on working with its drug and system contract manufacturing partners to 
ensure that they are prepared for the launch of the Company’s product. In addition, we made planned 
advances in our quality systems and engineering infrastructure as we move toward maturing in our new 
regulated environment. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Chief  Executive Officer’s Statement (continued) 

During the year, we completed installations of two model 9820 xenon polariser systems at BC Children’s 
Hospital, Vancouver BC, and at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, to support their 
pulmonary research programmes. 

R&D 
We continued to invest in our intellectual property portfolio and future development of our technology. 
Intellectual property continues to be developed in the areas of gas exchange and pulmonary vascular 
disease. Our group has continued to push the design of the polariser systems forward. We have also 
made key advances in exciting new display and analysis software focused on providing an intuitive, 
colour encoded three-dimensional display for use across all stakeholders in the healthcare process 
focused on providing care to pulmonary patients. 

Financials 
Sales for 2021 were below our original expectations, as we did not receive FDA approval in the final 
quarter as anticipated in the plan. We were able to adjust our spending plans following receipt of the 
CRL from the FDA, which allowed us to finish 2021 with a higher than anticipated cash balance of 
US$28.9 million. We continued to sell our polariser systems into the research market and completed two 
installations during 2021. The financing we completed in the first half of 2021 has put the Company in a 
solid financial position with the ability to fund the Company well into 2023. 

Advisers 
The Company appointed Stifel as joint broker in December 2020 and followed that up by appointing them 
as the Company’s nominated adviser and sole broker early in 2021. Stifel guided the Company through 
an oversubscribed round of financing, securing important new and larger funds participation in the first 
half of 2021 that allowed the Company to prepare for the anticipated US launch of its product. 

2022 and Beyond 
We spent the first quarter of 2022 finalising our NDA resubmission focusing on execution of near-term 
objectives. We announced on 20 April 2022 that the FDA had accepted the resubmission of the NDA as 
a complete response and has established a user fee goal date of 30 September 2022. In the meantime, 
we continue to sell our systems to the research market, including the recently announced order and 
installation from McMaster University in Canada, and an order for an additional system at Cincinnati 
Children’s Hospital Medical Center.  

We continue to identify exciting opportunities in the areas of long COVID, cardiology and pulmonary 
vascular disease and these prospects should expand the use of the Company’s technology in the future. 
We recently announced a research collaboration in long COVID with Oxford University Hospitals NHS 
Trust, whereby we will evaluate the underlying causes of persistent breathlessness in patients with long 
COVID using our xenon polariser. We are utilising the delay in obtaining FDA approval to work on the 
commercialisation and launch programmes and explore initiation of follow-on trials for potential future 
applications  of  our  technology.  We  have  begun  evaluation  of  geographic  market  exploration  and 
expansion, and the pursuit of early engagement with respiratory drug developers as we develop scale 
sufficient to prove our value proposition with regard to reducing the costs of their drug development 
process. 

Polarean has a dedicated team of employees, consultants and advisers working to bring our much-
needed technology to the healthcare market. 

Richard Hullihen 
Chief  Executive Officer  

17 May 2022

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report 

1.     Introduction  
The Group comprises medical drug-device combination companies operating in the high-resolution 
medical imaging market. The Group develops equipment that enables existing MRI systems to achieve 
an improved level of pulmonary functional imaging and specialises in the use of polarised xenon gas 
(129Xe  )  as  an  imaging  agent  to  visualise  ventilation  (the  ability  of  air  to  reach  the  alveoli)  and  gas 
exchange (the ability of oxygen to diffuse through the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary vasculature) 
regionally  down  to  the  smallest  airways  of  the  lungs,  the  tissue  barrier  between  the  lung  and  the 
bloodstream and in the pulmonary vasculature; and now also microvascular haemodynamics within the 
lung, a novel diagnostic approach. The Group will also register and sell the high-performance MRI 
radiofrequency (RF) coils which are a required component for imaging 129Xe in the MRI system. Providing 
access to these coils facilitates the adoption of the Xenon technology by providing application-specific 
RF coils which optimise the imaging of 129Xe in MRI equipment. 

The Group was formed on 31 May 2017 when the Company acquired Polarean, Inc (the “Subsidiary”). 
The Subsidiary was formed as a result of two mergers: the first between Polarean Merger-Sub Inc. and 
m2m, a company that the Subsidiary had developed a relationship with during the course of previous 
research  and  commercialisation  programmes  in  the  US  and  the  second  between  m2m  and  the 
Subsidiary.  m2m  was  previously  a  portfolio  company  of  Amphion  Innovations  plc  (“Amphion”),  a 
developer of medical, life science, and technology businesses, which is itself currently listed on AIM. 

2.     Investment Case 
Pulmonary disease currently affects hundreds of millions of people globally, including approximately 174 
million people who suffer from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (“COPD”), which is responsible 
for approximately 6% of such deaths globally each year. In the US more than 30 million people suffer 
from a chronic lung disease such as COPD, which includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma. 
In addition to its significant human toll, pulmonary disease also represents an economic burden in excess 
of US$150 billion annually in the US alone. 

Every  type  of  pulmonary  disease  involves  some  combination  of  ventilation  and/or  gas  exchange 
impairment, yet the successful and cost-effective treatment of lung disease is hampered by sub-optimal 
methods for quantifying pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange. Current diagnostic techniques are 
either imprecise (such as spirometry) and/or expose the patient to potentially dangerous radiation (such 
as x-rays, CT scans and nuclear scintigraphy). While spirometry has benefits as a screening tool, none 
of these current methods can visualise ventilation or gas exchange regionally in the smallest airways, 
where lung disease typically begins and where improvements from new pharmaceutical therapies can 
first be detected. 

As such, the Group operates in an area of significant unmet medical need and is pursuing approval by 
the US Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the Group’s drug-device combination product using 
hyperpolarised xenon-129 gas to enhance MRI in pulmonary medicine. The Company submitted a new 
drug application (“NDA”) to the FDA on 5 October 2020 after the successful completion of the FDA Phase 
III clinical trials in the US for the Group’s technology. The 80-patient equivalence clinical trials were 
conducted at Duke University Medical Center, the University of Virginia and The University of Cincinnati 
– three leading US research hospitals. Enrolment of the clinical trials was completed in November 2019. 
In January 2020, the Company announced that both clinical trials met their primary endpoints, within the 
prospectively defined equivalence margin (+/-14.7%) when compared to the FDA-approved reference 
standard,  133Xenon  scintigraphy  imaging.  On  5  October  2021,  the  Company  received  a  Complete 
Response Letter (“CRL”) from the FDA requesting that the Company to address approvability issues 
identified  by  the  FDA  ahead  of  NDA  resubmission.  On  30  March  2022,  the  Company  filed  the 
resubmission of the NDA with the FDA. On 20 April 2022, the Company announced that the FDA had 
accepted the resubmission of the NDA and established a user fee goal date of 30 September 2022. The 
Directors anticipate receiving a broad indication for use from the FDA following the FDA’s review period. 

The Group’s technology overcomes important limitations of current lung diagnostic methods, providing 
the ability to visualise, quantify and monitor both the structure and function of the smallest airways and 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

alveolar spaces with enhanced sensitivity and without harmful radiation. This provides a unique, valuable 
and more precise tool to help diagnose disease earlier, identify the type of intervention likely to benefit 
a  patient,  monitor  the  efficacy  of  treatment  and  facilitate  developing  new  therapies  for  pulmonary 
diseases. 

3.     Group Structure and History 
The Company was incorporated in England and Wales on 24 October 2016 with company registration 
number 10442853. The Company’s registered office is 27-28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH. 

On 31 May 2017, m2m, a company formed in the US State of Delaware on 18 February 1999, was 
merged into the Company.  

On 29 March 2018, the Company’s shares were admitted to trading on the AIM market of the London 
Stock Exchange 

4.     Information on Polarean, m2m and Strategy of  Group 

4.1   Polarean, Inc. – Background 

The Subsidiary was co-founded by Dr Bastiaan Driehuys, a current Director of the Company, and 
John  Sudol,  a  former  director  of  the  Subsidiary,  in  2011.  Prior  to  co-founding  the  Subsidiary, 
Dr Driehuys was a member of a research team at Princeton University in the early 1990s which 
was amongst the first research teams to focus on hyperpolarised gas MRI technology; in particular 
isotopically  enriched  helium  (3He).  The  team  developed  and  held  key  patents  relating  to  the 
technology. The technology was acquired in 1999 by Amersham, Inc. (“Amersham”), with the goal 
of  commercialising  hyperpolarised  helium  products  to  be  marketed  and  distributed  alongside 
Amersham’s  full  line  of  contrast  agent  products.  Dr  Driehuys  led  the  development  efforts  for 
Amersham, which continued the development of these hyperpolarised helium products throughout 
the early 2000s until GE Healthcare (“GE”) acquired Amersham in 2004. 

GE continued the research and development of hyperpolarised gas MRI after the acquisition of 
Amersham, focusing on 129Xe as a more effective substitute for 3He in visualising ventilation. GE 
also began to explore ways in which 129Xe could be used to image gas exchange within the lung in 
addition to ventilation. These work programmes culminated in the conduct of a Phase I/II clinical 
trial at Duke University in 2008-2009. GE also filed Investigational New Drug Applications (‘INDs”) 
with the FDA for both 3He and 129Xe. By 2010, after an investment of approximately US$40 million 
in the technology and with the regulatory path for hyperpolarised gas remaining unclear, GE decided 
to  out-license  the  hyperpolarised  gas  technology  and  the  related  patent  families  that  it  had 
developed and/or maintained to the Subsidiary, due to the scale at the time and the early-stage 
nature of the technology’s development. 

In December 2011, the Subsidiary negotiated the acquisition of all of GE’s assets related to the 
hyperpolarised MRI project, including an inventory of polarisers and parts and the licenses (or 
outright ownership) of the related patent families. 

Following the acquisition of GE’s hyperpolarisation assets, the Subsidiary focused on three key 
objectives: 

          l      building  and  selling  polarisers  to  research  users  to  generate  operating  revenue  and  to 
disseminate the technology to academic research institutions that generate clinical data in 
order to build additional interest in the technology; 

          l      further  developing  the  xenon  hyperpolarisation  technology  in  order  to  meet  clinical  use 

specification requirements; and 

          l      liaising with the FDA in order to clarify the FDA regulatory path under which the product could 

achieve clearance to market for clinical use. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

In July 2012, the US Congress passed the FDA Safety and Innovation Act and the Medical Gas 
Act, which clarified and simplified the path under which hyperpolarised gas MRI technology could 
be approved for clinical use by the FDA. 

As a result of discussions between the Group and the FDA, the Directors believe that a clearer path 
towards regulatory approval now exists. As such, following listing our shares on the AIM market the 
Group began conducting the clinical studies required for FDA approval to market. 

Between January 2012 and May 2017, the Subsidiary generated over US$3.7 million of revenue 
from selling polarisers to customers in Canada, Germany, the UK and the US for research use, 
relating to both clinical (human) and pre-clinical (animal) applications. In addition, the Subsidiary 
received  additional  funding  of  approximately  US$2.5  million  from  Nukem  and  other  Series  A 
investors. Prior to the m2m merger, the Subsidiary was also successful in receiving grant funding, 
including a US$3 million grant awarded in April 2017 by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood 
Institute  (NHLBI)  following  a  competitive  application  process  (for  which  the  research  will  be 
conducted with its clinical collaborator, the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital) and a US$250,000 small 
business research loan from the North Carolina Biotech Center in March 2017, which was also 
awarded following a competitive application process.  

4.2   The Group’s Technology and Products 

The Subsidiary’s lead product has been designated as a drug-device combination by the FDA. The 
Subsidiary’s  product  enables  the  visualisation  of  hyperpolarised  129Xe  (“HPX”)  through  MRI 
technology to help diagnose lung disease earlier, identify the type of intervention likely to benefit a 
patient and to monitor the efficacy of treatment. As a result of the FDA’s drug-device designation, 
the Subsidiary’s products will be approved and sold only for use with each other. The products are 
currently being used at a number of research sites on a pre-FDA clearance basis to facilitate the 
research  and  evaluation  of  lung  function,  to  assist  in  making  improved  disease  progression 
assessment and to clearly visualise the effectiveness of several therapeutics which are under 
development. The Group currently generates revenue from the sale of products within its 129Xe gas 
hyperpolarisation platform. 

Implementing the Group’s technology in a clinical setting is straightforward: prior to the MRI scan a 
patient breathes in a small amount of inert HPX to provide an extremely strong MRI signal. This 
transforms the MRI from a technology that is not applicable to the lungs into one that is able to 
provide multiple images of the lung structure and function in one 10-20 second breath-hold. HPX 
MRI overcomes the limitations of traditional pulmonary function testing as HPX MRI: 

          l      is more accurate and reproducible than spirometry and other traditional pulmonary function 
tests, enabling the detection and mapping of small and localised changes in lung ventilation 
and gas exchange over time; 

          l      provides regional information about lung disease without exposure to ionising radiation or 

radioactivity; and 

          l      assesses ventilation and gas exchange in the smallest airways, where disease often begins. 

The Group’s technology works in conjunction with traditional MRI, transforming it into a powerful 
diagnostic  modality  for  the  lung.  The  Group’s  approach  is  to  take  129Xe,  an  inert  gas,  and 
hyperpolarise the nucleus to create an MRI signal which is approximately 100,000 times stronger 
than a conventional MRI signal. When the MRI scan is undertaken, the HPX resonates at different 
frequencies: (i) in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lung; (ii) in the barrier tissue of the lung; and 
(iii) when dissolved in arterial blood in the pulmonary vasculature, thus providing information on 
ventilation (the ability of air to reach the alveoli) and gas exchange (the ability of air to diffuse through 
the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary vasculature). As all pulmonary diseases result from 
impairments to the free flow of air through bronchioles, or from abnormal gas exchange between 
the lung alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature, the images that result from HPX MRI scans which 
have been executed using the Group’s technology can aid diagnosis, by enhancing the physician’s 
ability to clearly identify issues with ventilation and gas exchange on a regional basis, down to the 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

smallest of airways. Hyperpolarisation of the  129Xe is accomplished by placing a non-radioactive 
isotope of Xenon (129Xe) into a beam of circularly polarised laser light in the presence of very small 
concentration of the alkali metal Rubidium, which acts as a physical catalyst in the hyperpolarisation 
process. The result is  129Xe whose nuclear magnetic spin is highly aligned but not chemically or 
biologically different than unpolarised  129Xe, an inert gas. This hyperpolarised state persists for 
around 2 hours allowing ample time to administer the HPX to the patient. 

The Group’s products include: 

          l      the 129Xe gas, blended and made under GMP at high purity, to be polarised within the polariser; 

          l      the polariser itself, of which the latest model, the Polarean 9820 Xenon Hyperpolariser, has 
been designed to deliver up to 3 litres of HPX per hour (approximately 5-10 doses) of which 
each  dose  is  to  be  used  within  30  minutes  of  its  production  in  order  to  retain  sufficient 
polarisation to create a strong image; 

          l      the dose delivery inhalation bag, made of HPX-compatible impermeable plastic materials and 

a mouthpiece for ease of inhalation; and 

          l      the  Polarean  2881  Polarisation  Measurement  Station,  which  provides  a  calibrated 
measurement of the polarisation of hyperpolarised gas within the dose delivery inhalation bag. 

The Group currently designs and builds the polariser equipment at a contract manufacturer and 
has relationships with GMP gas producers to supply the Group with high purity 129Xe according to 
the Group’s specifications. 

In order to take advantage of the Group’s current products, an MRI machine is required to be 
outfitted with hardware and software capable of operating at  129Xe frequency to detect the HPX 
signal. In addition, the patient will need to wear a 129Xe RF chest coil to allow for detecting the HPX 
MR signal in the lungs. Approximately 35,000 MRI machines are currently in use worldwide and 
technically many of these can be easily adapted to be used with  129Xe frequency. The Group’s 
products can be placed near the MRI scanner for ease of radiology workflow and, following the 
m2m merger, the Group has continued to explore ways to further integrate the Group’s existing 
technology with the coils which had previously been the focus of m2m. 

4.3   Location 

The Group is based at the Meridian Corporate Center, located in the Research Triangle Park area 
of  North  Carolina,  which  provides  a  favourable  location  at  which  to  further  develop  the  core 
technology and product range. The Group’s facilities consist of more than 6,900 square feet of 
combined offices, laboratory space, inventory warehouse and assembly and testing areas. The 
Group benefits from facilities that were originally purpose-built by GE for the design and manufacture 
of hyperpolarisation equipment and components, pursuant to FDA-mandated guidelines. 

Within these facilities are a dedicated research and development laboratory equipped with 3-phase 
power,  central  compressed  air,  specialty  gas  handling  and  distribution  and  separate  heating, 
ventilation and air conditioning. The laboratory area also includes optical cell production equipment 
capable of simultaneous processing of four optical cells for Xenon applications. The laboratory is 
designed for safe operation of class 4 lasers and is equipped with laser power and spectral testing 
apparatus. 

The Group also maintains a dedicated polariser test bed that is used for product development and 
a dedicated NMR system capable of delivering available electromagnetic field strength, utilised for 
calibrating absolute polarisation measurements of hyperpolarised gas samples. 

4.4   The Regulatory Environment 

At present, prior to the receipt of any approvals for clinical use, the Group sells its polarisers and 
disposables for research use only to academic medical centres with their research being subject to 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

oversight by their respective institutional review boards and conducted under IND from the FDA or 
equivalent regulatory body. 

The Group has held regular meetings with the FDA to develop a path towards approval for clinical 
use and the FDA has indicated its willingness to accept a very broad indication for use for the 
Group’s technology – for the evaluation of pulmonary function – as opposed to its use being limited 
to any particular pulmonary disease or condition. The FDA accepted the Group’s NDA for review in 
December 2020 after the completion of Phase III trials. The Phase III trials included a total of 80 
patients and met their primary endpoints. The FDA has indicated that it will also accept existing 
literature-based data in fulfilment of certain safety and toxicology requirements. The Directors 
believe that this broad indication provides the Group with a sizeable, addressable market. 

4.5   The Group’s Customers 

The  Group’s  existing  customer  base  already  comprises  some  of  the  world’s  luminary  medical 
imaging research institutions. Indeed, there are numerous research institutions worldwide utilising 
the Group’s system and products, including Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, the University of Virginia, 
University of Wisconsin – Madison, Duke University, University of Kansas and the University of 
Iowa in the US, Robarts Research Institute and Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Canada, 
the University of Oxford and the University of Nottingham in the UK and the Fraunhofer Institute for 
Toxicology and Experimental Medicine in Germany. At the date of this report, there are currently 23 
xenon hyperpolariser units installed at these and several other leading research hospitals and the 
Group anticipates selling further units for research purposes during the course of the NDA review. 

4.6   The Group’s Suppliers 

The Group has entered into Master Service Agreements with two CROs in relation to the Phase III 
trial. Pharma Start LLC, doing business as Firma Clinical Research, managed the trials and oversaw 
the recruitment of patients for the trial. In addition, Icon Clinical Research Limited assisted with the 
medical imaging aspects of the trial.  

The  Group  has  a  long-standing  relationship  with  its  strategic  investor  Nukem  Isotopes  GmbH 
(“Nukem”), a leading global supplier of 129Xe, the isotope of xenon which is provided to the various 
gas blenders that in turn supply gas to the Group. It has a supply agreement with Nukem for 129Xe. 

In June 2020 the Group signed an agreement with Linde Gas North America LLC (“Linde”), in 
relation to the supply of the Group’s drug product, a 129Xenon gas blend. This agreement contains 
provision for the supply of bulk 129Xe to be manufactured into the Active Pharmaceutical Product 
(API), 129Xe, and for the blending, packaging, and distribution of its drug product under GMP. 

The Group has an arrangement with the Blur Product Development (“Blur”) to build its polariser 
systems in Blur’s GMP facilities. 

4.7   Current Trading and Prospects 

Trading  of  the  Group  since  the  Company’s  IPO  continues  to  be  in  line  with  the  Directors’ 
expectations. The potential of the Group’s technology enables the Directors to view the future with 
confidence ahead of receipt of the anticipated FDA-approval for its drug-device combination product 
and the exploitation of the addressable markets for the Group’s technology. 

4.8   Growth Strategy 

The Group estimates that in the short term it will generate additional revenue from the sale of 
hyperpolarisers to global research institutions and the Directors believe that the market for polarisers 
will grow as the technology gains wider acceptance as a tool for studying lung disease and for 
monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  therapeutics.  At  present,  a  number  of  major  pharmaceutical 
companies are working with universities that are well known to the Group, regarding the use of 
HPX MRI technology to help guide clinical trials of developmental pharmaceutical products, which 
is raising awareness of the Group’s technology and product range. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

Upon receipt of FDA approval, the Group will adopt a traditional market entry strategy of building 
market awareness for its technology through key opinion leaders and a direct sales force to reach 
the  key  decision  makers  within  its  initial  target  market  of  large  academic  medical  centres.  In 
implementing this strategy, the Group benefits from approximately 1,000 journal articles on the use 
of hyperpolarised gas MRI that are currently published in peer-reviewed journals. Over time, as 
more research centres purchase the Group’s equipment and begin clinical studies, an increasing 
number of peer reviewed scientific articles are likely to be published, further enhancing the Group’s 
credibility and raising awareness of the Group’s technology. The Group also intends to continue 
patenting and in-licensing hyperpolarised gas technology IP to protect its current position. 

Following receipt of FDA clearance to market the technology, the Group’s initial sales targets will 
be the radiology and pulmonary medicine departments of top academic hospital organisations in 
the US, who are opinion leaders in the use of new diagnostic technologies and their application in 
a clinical setting. 

Subsequently,  the  Group  will  seek  to  expand  its  sales  and  marketing  teams.  Because  of  the 
specialty nature of the Group’s products in the pulmonary specialist market, which is concentrated 
in approximately 1,000 medical centres, the Directors believe that a small specialty sales force can 
be deployed effectively at reasonable cost. 

The Group may also choose to partner with companies that offer complementary products. 

Furthermore,  the  Directors  believe  that  the  Group’s  products  will  benefit  a  number  of  clinical 
applications.  While  the  Group’s  HPX  MRI  technology  provides  more  specific  information  than 
currently available from existing lung diagnostic procedures (especially spirometry), the Group will 
focus its use on specific clinical conditions where the high accuracy of HPX MRI and greater cost 
are justified. The Directors do not believe that HPX MRI will replace low-cost spirometry as a general 
screening tool but believe that it should add value in more demanding clinical applications where 
HPX MRI addresses unmet diagnostic needs. These applications could include, but are not limited 
to, the following: 

          l      the monitoring of COPD therapy, especially for the most severe cases; 

          l      the management of cystic fibrosis; 

          l      determining the optimal use of biologic therapy in chronic asthma 

          l      a more efficient diagnosis of dyspnoea and the chronic cough; 

          l      providing guidance for radiation therapy planning of lung cancer treatment; 

          l      providing  guidance  for  interventional  pulmonology  procedures  including  ablation  and  the 

placement of valves and stents; 

          l      surgical procedure planning for lung transplant and volume reduction surgery; 

          l      diagnosis of ILD and monitoring of ILD therapy;  

          l      diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) including pulmonary arterial hypertension 

(PAH) and monitoring of therapy; and 

          l      diagnosis and monitoring of long COVID patients. 

The  Directors  have  begun  to  develop  relationships  with  a  range  of  strategic  partners  and  will 
evaluate opportunities which will enable the Group to address its target markets globally, either 
alone or in collaboration with a partner. 

5.     Intellectual Property (“IP”) 
The Group’s technology has been developed in four areas: (i) hyperpolarising gas; (ii) assuring the quality 
of the hyperpolarised gas; (iii) using the polarised gas in MRI applications; and (iv) developing and 
producing specialised RF coils to improve signal-to-noise ratios (“SNR”). GE had put a comprehensive 
patent policy in place to protect its technology from potential competitors. The Group is now the sole 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

owner of this IP portfolio, which is based on 10 patent families, and when combined with the 7 patents 
that were previously owned by m2m, that were transferred to the Group following the m2m Merger, the 
Group’s portfolio covers four broad types of patents: 

l      imaging  methods  –  these  cover  the  imaging  of  a  subject,  or  patient,  who  has  inhaled  a 
hyperpolarised noble gas and the functionality of the gas as a contrast agent. Newly licensed 
technology from Duke University extends the protection over these patents through to the early 
2030s; 

l      hyperpolarisation methods – these are polarimetry patents covering the methods by which noble 
gases are polarised and the methods by which the resulting polarised gas is isolated and delivered 
to patients. The latest of these patents expire in the early 2020s; 

l      hyperpolarisation equipment – these patents cover the multiple preferred mechanical design and 

automation elements of hyperpolarised equipment; and 

l      RF coil patents – these patents cover the use of cryogenics to improve RF coils SNR and image 
quality and may play an important part in the next generation of applications such as neurological, 
cardiac and oncology imaging. 

Polarean  is  committed  to  proactively  developing  further  IP,  both  internally  and  through  licensing 
arrangements with third parties, as part of the Group’s overall growth strategy. The third parties are likely 
to include the Group’s key collaborative academic sites, such as Duke University, that are seeking to 
develop emerging applications and technologies. Because of the Group’s extensive patent portfolio and 
leading market position, the Directors believe the Group is an attractive licensing partner for academic 
research  institutions  that  are  interested  in  out-licensing  such  IP.  One  such  patent  application 
(US15/120013),  which  is  currently  pending,  relates  to  improving  the  overall  efficiency  of  the 
hyperpolarisation  process.  This  patent  has  also  been  exclusively  licensed  to  the  Group  by  Duke 
University. The Directors believe that this patent, now having been prosecuted successfully to issuance 
in  a  number  of  geographic  jurisdictions  worldwide,  would  enable  the  Group  to  protect  methods  for 
increasing the level of hyperpolarisation significantly, which could improve the competitive economics of 
the Group’s products.  

6.     Principal Risks and Uncertainties  
The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are detailed below:  

Early stage of  operations 
The Group’s operations are at an early stage of development and there can be no guarantee that the 
Group will be able to, or that it will be commercially advantageous for the Group to, develop its proprietary 
technology. Further, the Group currently has no positive operating cash flow and its ultimate success will 
depend on the Directors’ ability to implement the Group’s strategy, generate cash flow and access capital 
markets.  

Principal mitigation  
The Group has successfully advanced the 129Xe technology for several years, including selling polarisers 
for the research market. The Group has been able to access capital required to continue to advance the 
technology.  

Regulatory approvals and compliance 
The Group will need to obtain various regulatory approvals (including FDA and European Medicines 
Agency (“EMA”) approvals) and otherwise comply with extensive regulations regarding safety, quality 
and efficacy standards in order to market its future products. These regulations, including the time 
required for regulatory review, vary from country to country and can be lengthy, expensive and uncertain.  

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

Principal mitigation  
The Group utilises external specialists in regulatory affairs who consult with other experts to ensure that 
internal control processes and clinical trial designs meet current regulatory requirements. The Group 
also engages directly with regulatory authorities when appropriate. 

Future funding requirements 
The Group will need to raise additional funding or enter into a strategic partnership with industry partners 
to undertake work beyond that being funded by the £27 million (before expenses) 2021 fundraising. 
There is no certainty that this will be possible at all or on acceptable terms.  

Principal mitigation  
The Group successfully engaged with investors to generate significant cash resources to date, including 
the 2021 financing that raised £27 million, before expenses. The Group’s management team expects 
that continued access to capital markets, or other access to capital, will be required to support the Group 
through regulatory approval and initial commercialisation efforts in the US. See Going Concern discussion 
below. 

Dependence on key personnel 
The success of the Group, in common with other businesses of a similar size, will be highly dependent 
on the expertise and experience of the Directors and key employees. However, the retention of such key 
personnel cannot be guaranteed. Should key personnel leave the Group’s business, prospects, financial 
condition or results of operations may be materially adversely affected. 

Principal mitigation  
The Group’s recruitment processes are designed to identify and attract the best candidates for specific 
roles. The Group aims to provide competitive rewards and incentives to staff and directors.  

Intellectual property and proprietary technology 
No assurance can be given that any current or future patent applications will result in granted patents, 
that the scope of any patent protection will exclude competitors or provide competitive advantages to 
the Group, that any of the Group’s patents will be held valid if challenged or that third parties will not 
claim rights in or ownership of the patents and other proprietary rights held by the Group. 

Principal mitigation  
The Group has a long-standing track record of IP generation and successful applications and has a long-
standing relationship with our patent attorney who has a deep understanding of our technology. The 
Group actively manages its IP, engaging with specialists to apply for and defend IP rights in appropriate 
territories. 

Technology and products 
The Group is a developer and service provider for noble gas 129Xe devices and ancillary instruments with 
a  special  focus  on  pulmonary  imaging.  The  development  and  commercialisation  of  its  proprietary 
technology and future products, which are in early stages of development, will require multiple series of 
clinical trials and there is a risk that safety and efficacy issues may arise when the products are tested. 
There is also a risk that there will be delays to the development of the products or that unforeseen 
technical problems arise as the Group’s technology becomes increasingly automated. These risks are 
common to all new medical products and there is also a risk that the clinical trials may not be successful. 

Principal mitigation  
The Group has a depth of knowledge and experience in the area of medical devices development for 
the high-resolution medical imaging market. The Group also utilises external experts to supplement their 
knowledge in critical areas such as safety, manufacturing and software development.  

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

Research and development risk 
The Group will be operating in the life sciences and medical device development sector and will look to 
exploit opportunities within that sector. The Group will therefore be involved in complex scientific research 
and industry experience indicates that there may be a very high incidence of delay or failure to produce 
results. The Group may not be able to develop new products or to identify specific market needs that 
can be addressed by technology solutions developed by the Group.  

Principal mitigation 
The Group has a depth of knowledge and experience in the area of medical devices development for 
the high-resolution medical imaging market. The Group also utilises external experts to supplement their 
knowledge in critical areas such as conducting clinical trials and regulatory affairs.  

Competition  
The  Group  notes  that  several  start-ups  operating  in  the  CT  software  space  have  begun  efforts  to 
commercialise products which represent to characterise lung ventilation. These technologies use ionising 
radiation, whereas the Group’s technology does not. In addition, these technologies are unable to further 
assess gas exchange, red blood cell transport, nor microvascular haemodynamics.  

Principal mitigation 
The Group believes that these emerging technologies validate the unmet need for the use of imaging in 
assessing pulmonary function. However, their use of ionising radiation, combined with their inability to 
assess comprehensive pulmonary function will render their utility limited and the Directors see no effect 
on the current market expectations of Polarean. 

Reliance on third parties 
The business model for the Group anticipates that it will have limited internal resources over the next 
few  years  and  that  it  will  use  third  party  providers  wherever  possible  to  conduct  the  research, 
development, registration, manufacture, marketing and sales of its proposed products. The commercial 
success of the Group’s products will depend upon the performance of these third parties.  

Principal mitigation  
The Group seeks experts in the areas where it utilises outsourcing. Wherever possible, the Group seeks 
to have duplicate suppliers to lessen the reliance on a particular vendor.  

Manufacturing 
There can be no assurance that the Group’s proposed products will be capable of being manufactured 
in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements and at an acceptable cost. The 
Group outsources the manufacture of the raw materials and finished products required in connection 
with the research, development and commercial manufacture of its proposed products and, as such, is 
wholly dependent upon third parties for the provision of adequate facilities and raw material supplies. 
129Xe, the specific isotope of xenon which is the active ingredient in the Group’s drug-device product, is 
available from a limited number of suppliers and there can be no assurance that adequate supplies of 
this material at acceptable cost can be obtained. In addition, where the Group is dependent upon third 
parties for manufacture, its ability to procure the manufacture of the drug-device in a manner which 
complies with regulatory requirements may be constrained, and its ability to develop and deliver such 
products on a timely and competitive basis may be adversely affected. 

Principal mitigation  
The Group has designed the manufacturing process to be scalable and has internal experts who train 
the outside vendors. The Group has established relationships with two  129Xe suppliers to mitigate the 
risk that  129Xe supply will be a limitation to the development and commercialisation of its products. In 
addition, the Group has established a relationship with a GMP outside polariser manufacturer. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Strategic Report (continued)

Product development timelines 
Product development timelines are at risk of delay, particularly since it is not always possible to predict 
what the FDA will require for approval of the NDA. There is a risk therefore that product development 
could take longer than presently expected by the Directors. If such delays occur the Group may require 
further working capital. The Directors shall seek to minimise the risk of delays by careful management 
of projects. 

Principal mitigation  
The Group utilises consultants who are experts in preparing and filing NDAs in the US. The Group 
continues to utilise these experts as the FDA reviews the NDA resubmission.  

General legal and regulatory issues 
The Group’s operations are subject to laws, regulatory restrictions and certain governmental directives, 
recommendations  and  guidelines  relating  to,  amongst  other  things,  occupational  safety,  laboratory 
practice, the use and handling of hazardous materials, prevention of illness and injury, environmental 
protection and animal and human testing. There can be no assurance that future legislation will not 
impose further government regulation, which may adversely affect the business or financial condition of 
the Group.  

Principal mitigation  
The Group consults experts for advice in areas such as occupational safety, laboratory practice and 
human testing.  

Healthcare pricing environment 
In common with other healthcare products companies, the ability of the Group and any of its licensees 
or collaborators to market its products successfully depends in part on the extent to which reimbursement 
for  the  cost  of  such  products  and  related  treatment  will  be  available  from  government  health 
administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other organisations.  

Principal mitigation  
The Group is consulting with several experts in the field of reimbursement for healthcare products in the 
US to determine the best strategy for accessing adequate reimbursement for its products. 

7.     Section 172 statement 
As required by section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”), a director of a company must act in 
the way he or she considers, in good faith, would likely promote the success of the company for the 
benefit of the shareholders. In doing so, the director must have regard, amongst other matters, to the 
following issues: 

l      the likely consequences of any decisions in the long term; 

l      the interests of the company’s employees; 

l      the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers/customers and others; 

l      the impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; 

l      the company’s reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 

l      the need to act fairly between members of the company. 

The information required by section 172 of the Act is included in the Strategic Report on page 11, the 
Directors Report on pages 17 to 21 and the Corporate Governance Statement on pages 22 to 28. 

Kenneth West  
Non-Executive Chairman 

17 May 2022 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Directors’ Report 

The  Directors  present  their  report  on  the  affairs  of  Polarean  Imaging  plc  (the  “Company”)  and  its 
subsidiaries, referred to as the Group, together with the audited Financial Statements and Independent 
Auditors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2021. 

Principal activities 
The main activity of the Group is a drug-device manufacturer and service provider for noble gas polariser 
devices, its proprietary 129Xe drug and ancillary instruments with a special focus on pulmonary imaging.  

Results and dividends 
During the year ended 31 December 2021 the Group recorded a loss after tax of US$14,016,004 (2020: 
US$6,534,523) and a net cash outflow from operating activities of US$12,250,468 (2020: US$5,794,698). 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2020: US$Nil). 

Going concern 
In considering the appropriateness of this basis of preparation, the Directors have reviewed the Group’s 
working capital forecasts for a minimum of 12 months from the date of the approval of this financial 
information. Based on their consideration the Directors have reasonable expectation that the Group has 
adequate resources to continue for the foreseeable future and that carrying values of intangible assets 
are supported. Thus, they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing this 
financial information. 

Future developments 
The Company’s future developments are outlined in the Strategic Report on page 7. 

Research design & development 
Research  and  development  (“R&D”)  is  performed  by  employees  of  the  company  and  through 
collaborative efforts with academic researchers. The Group is committed to increasing its R&D budget 
to meet anticipated market demands for additional technology. In addition, the company also in-licenses 
technology from collaborative academic institutions. Details of R&D carried out during the year are 
contained in the Strategic Report. 

Financial risk management 
Financial risk management policies and objectives for capital management are outlined in the principal 
risks and uncertainties section of the Strategic Report on pages 7 to 16 and in note 26 to the financial 
statements. 

Directors’ indemnities  
The Group has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its Directors, which 
were made during the year and remain in force at the date of this report. 

Events after the reporting period 
Details of significant events since the reporting period are contained in note 29 of the financial statements. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Directors’ Report (continued) 

Directors                                                                                                                    Resigned/Appointed 

Kenneth West                       Non-Executive Chairman                                                                            – 
Richard Hullihen                   Chief Executive Officer                                                                               – 
Charles Osborne                  Chief Financial Officer                                     Appointed 22 February 2021 
Bastiaan Driehuys, PH.D.     Chief Technology Officer                                                                            – 
Jonathan Allis, PH.D.            Non-Executive Director                                              Resigned 4 May 2022 
Daniel Brague                       Non-Executive Director                                             Appointed 4 May 2022 
Jurgen Laucht                       Non-Executive Director                                                                               – 
Cyrille Petit                           Non-Executive Director                                                                               – 
Frank Schulkes                     Non-Executive Director                                          Appointed 13 April 2022 

Kenneth West was a Non-Executive Director until 4 May 2022, when he assumed the responsibilities of 
Non-Executive  Chairman.  Jonathan Allis  was  Non-Executive  Chairman  until  4  May  2022,  when  he 
resigned from the Board. 

Frank Schulkes was also appointed as Chair of the Audit Committee on 13 April 2022. 

Daniel Brague was also appointed as Chair of the Remuneration Committee on 4 May 2022.  

Directors’ emoluments 

2021

Executive Directors 
Bastiaan Driehuys
Richard Hullihen
Charles Osborne
Non-Executive Directors 
Jonathan Allis
Juergen Laucht
Cyrille Petit
Kenneth West (Note A)

Total

Salary, Fees
& Bonus
US$

Benefits
US$

Share-Based  
Payments
US$

Total 
US$ 

43,250
334,248
301,007

–
14,270
14,408

69,406
209,488
100,512

112,656 
558,006 
415,927 

85,000
48.250
43,250
38,250
––––––––––––
893,255
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
–
–
–
––––––––––––
28,678
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

94,943
69,406
85,122
89,835
––––––––––––
718,712
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

179,943 
117,656 
128,372 
128,085 
–––––––––––– 
1,640,645 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Note A: Kenneth West was appointed a Non-Executive Director on 23 December 2020. 

2020

Executive directors 
Bastiaan Driehuys
Richard Hullihen
Kenneth West
Non-Executive Directors 
Richard Morgan (Note B)
Jonathan Allis
Robert Bertoldi (Note B)
Juergen Laucht
Cyrille Petit

Total

Salary, Fees
& Bonus
US$

Benefits
US$

Share-Based  
Payments
US$

Total 
US$ 

50,000
281,187
115,031

–
12,363
8,901

9,043
36,136
34,826

59,043 
329,686 
158,758 

9,583
77,083
4,583
55,000
29,167
––––––––––––
621,634
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
–
–
–
–
––––––––––––
21,264
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

9,043
9,043
9,043
9,043
–
––––––––––––
116,177
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

18,626 
86,126 
13,626 
64,043 
29,167 
–––––––––––– 
759,075 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Note B: Mr. Morgan and Mr. Bertoldi resigned from the Board in February 2020. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Directors’ Report (continued) 

Directors’ interests  
The Directors who held office at 31 December 2021 had the following direct interest in the ordinary shares 
of the Company at 31 December 2021. 

Directors’ beneficial interests in shares of  the Company: 
2021
Number

Richard Hullihen
Kenneth West
Bastiaan Driehuys
Jonathan Allis
Cyrille Petit

3,201,959
475,594
12,267,503
2,743,129
584,000

2021
%

2020
Number

2,928,899
1.5
0.2
475,594
5.9 12,267,503
2,433,129
1.3
350,000
0.3

2020 
% 

1.8 
0.3 
7.5 
1.5 
0.0 

The shareholdings noted above include those shares held by connected persons of the individual director. 

Directors’ beneficial interests in options to subscribe for additional shares of  the Company: 

Richard Hullihen
Kenneth West
Bastiaan Driehuys
Jonathan Allis
Juergen Laucht
Cyrille Petit
Charles Osborne

2021
Number

2020 
Number 

3,135,440
2,263,218
1,686,000
1,034,400
884,400
500,000
1,700,000

2,135,440 
1,913,218 
1,336,000 
534,400 
534,400 
– 
– 

Directors’ beneficial interests in warrants to subscribe for additional shares of the Company: 

Bastiaan Driehuys
Kenneth West

2021
Number

148,456
2,801,084

2020 
Number 

148,456 
– 

The warrants issued to Bastiaan Driehuys have an exercise price of US$0.00037. The warrants issued 
to Kenneth West have an exercise price of between US$0.0041 and US$0.0075. The warrant holdings 
noted above include those warrants held by connected persons of the individual director. 

The options and warrants holdings noted above include those shares held by connected persons of the 
individual director. 

(On a fully diluted basis)

Richard Hullihen
Kenneth West
Bastiaan Driehuys
Jonathon Allis
Cyrille Petit

Number of 
shares at

% held at  
31 December  31 December 
2021 

2021

3,201,959
475,594
12,267,503
2,743,129
584,000

1.5 
0.2 
5.9 
1.3  
0.3  

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Directors’ Report (continued) 

Share option schemes 
In order to provide incentive for the management and key employees of the Group, the Company awards 
share options. The Directors defined a new plan in 2018 and implemented it. The existing options granted 
prior to the merger were converted to options in Polarean Imaging plc. 

Substantial Shareholders 
As  well  as  the  Directors’  interests  reported  above,  the  following  interests  of  3.0%  and  above  as  at 
28 February 2022 were as follows:  

Name

Amati AIM VCT plc
Bracco Imaging S.p.A.
Hargreaves Lansdown
Bastiaan Driehuys
NUKEM Isotopes GmbH
Chelverton UK Equity Growth Fund
Tyndall Investment Management
Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management (Inst)

No of  issued 
Ordinary Shares

25,114,469
16,388,888
13,434,964
12,267,503
11,523,462
9,425,000
8,189,478
7,111,877

% held 

11.98 
7.82 
6.41 
5.85 
5.50 
4.50 
3.91 
3.39 

Corporate Responsibility 
The Board recognises its employment, environmental and health and safety responsibilities. It devotes 
appropriate  resources  towards  monitoring  and  improving  compliance  with  existing  standards.  The 
Executive Directors are responsible for these areas at Board level, ensuring that the Group’s policies 
are upheld and providing the necessary resources. 

Employees 
The  Group  is  committed  to  achieving  equal  opportunities  and  to  complying  with  relevant  anti-
discrimination  legislation.  It  is  established  Group  policy  to  offer  employees  and  job  applicants  the 
opportunity to benefit from fair employment, without regard to their sex, sexual orientation, marital status, 
race, religion or belief, age or disability. Employees are encouraged to train and develop their careers. 

The  Group  has  continued  its  policy  of  informing  all  employees  of  matters  of  concern  to  them  as 
employees, both in their immediate work situation and in the wider context of the Group’s well-being. 
Communication  with  employees  is  affected  through  the  Board,  the  Group’s  management  briefing’s 
structure, formal and informal meetings and through the Group’s information systems. 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and the Financial 
Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.  

The Act requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International 
Accounting Standards (IFRS) and applicable law.

Polarean Imaging plc 
20

 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Directors’ Report (continued) 

In accordance with the Act, the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of 
the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are 
required to: 

l      select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

l      make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

l      state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material 

departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

l      prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 

that the Group will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial 
position of the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Act. They 
are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

They are further responsible for ensuring that the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report and other 
information included in the Annual Report and Financial Statements is prepared in accordance with 
applicable law in the United Kingdom. 

The maintenance and integrity of the Polarean Imaging plc website is the responsibility of the Directors. 
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the accounts and the 
other information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Auditors 
Each  of  the  persons  who  are  Directors  at  the  time  when  this  Directors’  Report  is  approved  has 
confirmed that: 

l      so far as that Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group and the 

Group’s auditor is unaware; and 

l      that Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company and the Group’s auditor is aware 
of that information. 

Crowe U.K. LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office and a resolution to re-appoint the firm 
as Auditor and authorising the Directors to set their remuneration will be proposed at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting. 

Kenneth West  
Non-Executive Chairman 

17 May 2022 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement 

As Chairman of the Board of Directors of Polarean Imaging Plc (“Polarean”, or the “Company/Group” as 
the context requires), it is my responsibility to ensure that Polarean has both sound corporate governance 
and an effective board of directors (“Board”). As Chairman of the Company, my responsibilities include 
leading the Board effectively, overseeing the Company’s corporate governance model, communicating 
with shareholders, and ensuring that good information flows freely between the Executive and Non-
Executive Directors in a timely manner. My leadership of the Board is undertaken in a manner which 
ensures that the Board retains integrity and effectiveness and includes creating the right Board dynamic 
and ensuring that all important matters, in particular strategic decisions, receive adequate time and 
attention at Board meetings. 

It is the Board’s job to ensure that Polarean is managed for the long-term benefit of all shareholders, 
with effective and efficient decision-making. Corporate governance is an important part of that role, 
reducing risk and adding value to our business. 

The Directors of Polarean recognise the value of good corporate governance in every part of its business. 
As Polarean is an AIM-listed company, it is required to adopt a recognised corporate governance code 
and disclose how it complies with that code and, to the extent Polarean departs from the corporate 
governance provisions outlined by that code, it must explain its reasons for doing so. The Directors have 
adopted the requirements of the Quoted Companies Alliance's Corporate Governance Code (the "QCA 
Code"),  to  the  extent  that  they  consider  it  appropriate  having  regard  to  the  Company's  size,  board 
structure, stage of development and resources.  

The Board considers that compliance with the QCA Code will enable us to serve the interests of all our 
key stakeholders, including our shareholders, and will promote the maintenance and creation of long-
term value in the Company. This report describes our approach to governance, including information on 
relevant policies, practices and the operation of the Board and its Committees. Additional detail on how 
the company has applied the QCA code is also provided in the corporate governance section of our 
website http://www.polarean-ir.com/content/investors/governance.asp. Any areas of non-compliance with 
the QCA Code are also explained. 

Polarean seeks to constantly improve its corporate governance practices. Prior to the Company listing 
in March 2018, the Company implemented certain governance related measures including the formation 
of the Company’s Audit and Remuneration Committees, and the adoption of a Share Dealing Code. 

Key governance changes that occurred in the year included the appointment of Cyrille Petit as Audit 
Committee Interim Chairman and Stifel Nicolaus Europe Limited being appointed as nominated advisor 
and broker. Since the period end, Kenneth West assumed the responsibilities of Non-Executive Chairman 
of  the  Board.  Frank  Schulkes  and  Daniel  Brague  were  appointed  to  the  Board  of  Directors.  Frank 
Schulkes has been appointed as the Chair of the Audit Committee and Daniel Brague has also been 
appointed as Chair of the Remuneration Committee.  

Strategy, Risk Management and Responsibility 
A description of the Company’s business model and strategy can be found on pages 7 to 12 in the 
Strategic Report, and the key challenges in their execution can be found on pages 13 to 16 under 
“Principal Risks and Uncertainties”. 

The Board is responsible for the monitoring of financial performance against budget and forecast and 
the formulation of the Group’s risk appetite including the identification, assessment and monitoring of 
Polarean’s  principal  risks.  The  Board  recognises  the  need  for  an  effective  and  well-defined  risk 
management process and it oversees and regularly reviews the current risk management and internal 
control mechanisms. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

The Board has overall responsibility for identifying, monitoring and reviewing the Company’s risks, and 
assessing the systems of external control for effectiveness. The Executive Directors report any new or 
changed risks, and any changes in risk management or control to the Board. The Board discusses all 
business matters having regard to the risks for the Group and to the extent that risks inherent in a 
particular activity are considered significant, appropriate action is taken and steps taken to mitigate the 
issue. The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible 
without unduly affecting the Company’s competitiveness and flexibility. 

The Board is satisfied that the procedures in place meet the particular needs of the Group in managing 
the risks to which it is exposed. The Board is satisfied with the effectiveness of the system of internal 
controls, but by their very nature, these procedures can provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. During the review period, the Board delegated responsibility to 
the Audit Committee for ensuring that the Company’s management reviews, monitors and reports on the 
integrity of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and related financial information. During 
the review period, the Audit Committee comprised Juergen Laucht and Cyrille Petit.  

It meets as required and specifically to review the Interim Report and Annual Report, and to consider 
the suitability and monitor the effectiveness of internal control processes. Subsequent to the review 
period, Frank Schulkes was appointed as the Chairman of the Audit Committee following his appointment 
to the Board. Following Mr Schulkes’ appointment, the Board now considers the Company to have a 
fully constituted Audit Committee. 

The Audit Committee reviews the findings of the external auditor and reviews accounting policies and 
material accounting judgements. The independence and effectiveness of the external auditor is reviewed 
annually. The possibility of undertaking an audit tender process is considered on a regular basis. In 
addition, the Audit Committee meets at least once year with the auditor to discuss their independence 
and objectivity, the Annual Report, any audit issues arising, internal control processes, appointment and 
fee levels and any other appropriate matters. Based on the above, there will be no Audit Committee 
Report outlined in this Annual Report. The Company has strict segregation of duties and authority controls 
which are reviewed annually by the auditors. 

The Board currently takes the view that an internal audit function is not considered necessary or practical 
due to the size of the Group, its business and assets, and the close day-to-day control exercised by the 
executive directors. The Board is satisfied that the systems and procedures currently employed provide 
sufficient  assurance  that  a  sound  system  of  internal  controls  are  in  place,  which  safeguards  the 
shareholders’ investment and the Group’s assets. However, the Board will continue to monitor the need 
for an internal audit function. 

The Board is responsible for the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. 
Such a system is designed to manage rather than eliminate risk of failure to achieve the business 
objectives and can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement 
or loss. The Company’s current system of internal financial control comprises those controls established 
to provide reasonable assurance of: 

l      The safeguarding of assets against unauthorised use or disposal; and 

l      The maintenance of proper accounting records and the reliability of financial information used within 

the business and for publication. 

The key procedures of internal financial control of the Group are as follows: 

l      The Board reviews and approves budgets and monitors performance against those budgets on a 

monthly basis; and 

l      The Group has clearly defined reporting and authorisation on procedures relating to the key financial 

areas. 

The recent global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased risks within the global economy. The 
extent of the effect of the virus, including its long-term impact, remains uncertain and the Company 
continues to monitor the situation. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
23

 
 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

The Board 
During the review period, the Board comprised of Jonathan Allis (Non-Executive Chairman), Richard 
Hullihen (CEO), Charles Osborne (CFO) Bastiaan Driehuys (CTO), Juergen Laucht (NED), Cyrille Petit 
(NED) and Kenneth West (NED). The Board is supported by the Company Secretary, Stephen Austin. 
Subsequent to the review period, Kenneth West has been appointed as the Non-Executive Chairman of 
the Board with Jonathan Allis stepping down from the Board. Frank Schulkes and Daniel Brague have 
been appointed as NEDs. The biographical details of the Directors of the Company are set out on the 
Company’s website: http://www.polarean-ir.com/content/investors/board.asp.  

The Board meets regularly and is responsible for the Group’s corporate strategy, monitoring financial 
performance, approval of capital expenditure, treasury and risk management policies. Board papers are 
sent  out  to  all  Directors  in  advance  of  each  Board  meeting  including  management  accounts  and 
accompanying reports from those responsible. 

The Directors believe that the Board, as a whole, has a broad range of commercial and professional 
skills,  enabling  it  to  discharge  its  duties  and  responsibilities  effectively  and  that  the  Non-Executive 
Directors,  together,  have  a  sufficient  range  of  experience  and  skills  to  enable  them  to  provide  the 
necessary  guidance,  oversight  and  advice  for  the  Board  to  operate  effectively.  All  Directors  are 
encouraged  to  use  their  independent  judgement  and  to  challenge  all  matters,  whether  strategic  or 
operational. 

Frank Schulkes and Daniel Brague are the Company’s two independent Non-Executive Directors. The 
guidance in the QCA Code is for a company to have at least two independent Non-Executive Directors.  

The Board will seek to take into account any Board imbalances for future nominations. The Company is 
committed to a culture of equal opportunities for all employees regardless of gender. The Board aims to 
be diverse in terms of its range of culture, nationality and international experience.  

Given the current phase of Polarean’s life cycle, the Board has determined that it is not practicable to 
set measurable objectives for achieving gender diversity. It is the Board’s intention as the size and 
complexity of the Company grows, to set and aim to achieve gender diversity objectives pursuant to a 
defined diversity policy. 

All of the Executive Directors work full time for the Company. The Chairman is expected to devote the 
necessary amount of time to comprehensively fulfil the duties of the role, and in any case not less than 
52 days per annum, and the Non-Executive Directors are each expected to dedicate not less than 15 
days per annum to the Company’s affairs. The time commitment required by the Group is an overriding 
principle  that  each  Director  will  devote  as  much  time  as  is  required  to  carry  out  the  roles  and 
responsibilities that the Director has agreed to take on.  

The Non-Executive Directors receive a fee for their services as a director which is approved by the Board, 
being mindful of the time commitment and responsibilities of their roles and of current market rates for 
comparable organisations and appointments. In addition, Non-Executive Directors are also reimbursed 
for travelling and other incidental expenses incurred on Group business. 

Executive  and  Non-Executive  Directors  are  subject  to  re-election  intervals  as  prescribed  in  the 
Company’s articles of association. At each Annual General Meeting one-third of the Directors, who are 
subject to retirement by rotation shall retire from office. They can then offer themselves for re-election. 
The letters of appointment of all Non-Executive Directors are available for inspection at the Company’s 
registered office during normal business hours. The Executive Directors are employed under service 
contracts requiring six months’ notice by either party. Non-Executive Directors and the Chairman receive 
payments under appointment letters which are terminable by three months’ notice by either party. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

There were nine scheduled board meetings held during 2021. The table below sets out attendance statistics 
for each Director at Board and, where relevant, Committee meetings held during the financial year. 

                                                                                                                        Audit
                                                                                  Board                  Committee
                                                                 (9 meetings held)        (2 meetings held)
Director 

Remuneration 
Committee 
(1 meeting held) 

Richard Hullihen                                                             9/9                                    
Kenneth West                                                                8/9                                    
Bastiaan Driehuys                                                          8/9                                    
Jonathan Allis                                                                 6/9                                    
Juergen Laucht                                                              9/9                               2/2
Cyrille Petit                                                                     9/9                               2/2
Charles Osborne                                                            9/9 

1/1 
1/1 
1/1 

The Board, as a whole, is responsible for the overall management of the Group and for its strategic 
direction, including approval of the Group’s strategy, its annual business plans and budgets, the interim 
and full year financial statements and reports, any dividend proposals, the accounting policies, major 
capital  projects,  any  investments  or  disposals,  its  succession  plans  and  the  monitoring  of  financial 
performance against budget and forecast and the formulation of the Group’s risk appetite including the 
identification, assessment and monitoring of the Group’s principal risks. In accordance with best practice, 
Polarean has adopted a formal schedule of Matters Reserved for the Board. These are reviewed annually, 
and any items not included within the schedule are delegated to the management team. 

In order to discharge their duties effectively, the Board uses third parties to advise the Directors of their 
responsibilities including receiving advice from the Company’s external lawyers. The Board reviews the 
appropriateness and opportunity for continuing professional development in order to keep each Director’s 
skillset  up-to-date.  In  addition  to  their  general  Board  responsibilities,  Non-Executive  Directors  are 
encouraged  to  be  involved  in  specific  workshops  or  meetings,  in  line  with  their  individual  areas  of 
expertise.  The  Board  shall  review  annually  the  appropriateness  and  opportunity  for  continuing 
professional  development,  whether  formal  or  informal. All  Directors  have  received AIM  Rules  and 
Directors Responsibilities training provided by the nominated advisor and are encouraged to undertake 
any ongoing training they feel they require to assist with the commission of their role on the Board. 

Polarean’s Company Secretary, Stephen Austin, is responsible for ensuring that Board procedures are 
followed and that the Company complies with all applicable rules, regulations and obligations governing 
its operation, as well as helping the Chairman maintain excellent standards of corporate governance. 
There are processes in place enabling Directors to take independent advice at the Company’s expense 
in  the  furtherance  of  their  duties,  and  to  have  access  to  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company 
Secretary. 

Board Committees 
Certain Board responsibilities are delegated to committees who fulfil these functions in line with the terms 
of references established by the Board.  

Audit Committee 
During the review period the Audit Committee comprised Juergen Laucht and Cyrille Petit (Interim Chairman). 
The  Audit  Committee’s  responsibilities  during  the  review  period  included  ensuring  that  the  financial 
performance, position and prospects for the Group were properly monitored, controlled and reported and 
specifically to review the Interim Report and Annual Report, and to consider the suitability and monitor the 
effectiveness of internal control processes. The Committee held 2 meetings during the year.  

As outlined above, subsequent to the review period, Frank Schulkes was appointed as the Chairman of 
the Audit Committee following his appointment to the Board. Following Mr Schulkes’ appointment, the 
Board now considers the Company to have a fully constituted Audit Committee. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
25

 
 
 
 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Remuneration Committee 
During the review period, the remuneration committee comprised Bastiaan Driehuys and Juergen Laucht 
and was chaired by Jonathan Allis. The purpose of the Remuneration Committee is to ensure that the 
Executive Directors and other employees are fairly rewarded for their individual contribution to the overall 
performance of the Group. The Committee considers and recommends to the Board the remuneration 
of the Executive Directors and is kept informed of the remuneration packages of senior staff and invited 
to comment on these. There was one meeting during 2021. The Board retains responsibility for overall 
remuneration policy. Executive remuneration packages are designed to attract and retain executives of 
the necessary skill and calibre to run the Group. The Remuneration Committee recommends to the Board 
the  remuneration  packages  by  reference  to  individual  performance  and  uses  the  knowledge  and 
experience  of  the  Committee  members,  published  surveys  relating  to AIM  companies,  the  medical 
imaging and contrast agents’ industries and market changes generally. The Remuneration Committee 
has responsibility for recommending any long-term incentive schemes. No Director is responsible for 
setting their own remuneration. A report by the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee is included on 
pages 29 and 30.  

As outlined above, subsequent to the review period, Daniel Brague was appointed as the Chairman of 
the  Remuneration  Committee  following  his  appointment  to  the  Board. As  such,  the  Remuneration 
Committee now comprises Daniel Brague (Chairman), Bastiaan Driehuys and Juergen Laucht. 

Nomination Committee 
The Company does not currently have a Nomination Committee, as the Board does not consider it 
appropriate to establish such a committee at this stage of the Company’s development. Decisions which 
would usually be taken by the nomination committee, such as appointments to the Board, will be taken 
by the Board as a whole. The Board will monitor on an ongoing basis the need for a formal Nominations 
Committee. The Chairman and the Board continue to monitor and evolve the Company’s corporate 
governance structures and processes, and maintain that these will evolve over time, in line with the 
Company’s growth and development. 

Advisors 
The Board has regular contact with its advisors to ensure that it is aware of changes to generally accepted 
corporate governance procedures and requirements and that the Group remains, at all times, compliant 
with applicable rules and regulations. The Company holds appropriate insurance cover in respect of 
possible legal action against its Directors. The Company’s nominated advisor supports the Board’s 
development, specifically providing guidance on corporate governance and other regulatory matters, as 
required. All Directors may receive independent professional advice at the Group’s expense, if necessary, 
for the performance of their duties.  

Board Performance Evaluation 
Formal internal evaluation of the Board, its Committees and individual directors is seen as an important 
next step in the development of the board. Going forward, this will be undertaken on annual basis in the 
form of peer appraisal, questionnaires and discussions to determine the effectiveness and performance 
in various areas as well as the directors’ continued independence. The criteria against which effectiveness 
is considered will be aligned to the strategy of the Group and management forecasts and budgets that 
are already in place. 

The purpose of such an evaluation will be to ensure that its members collectively function in an efficient 
manner, focusing more closely on defined objectives and targets for improving performance, as well as 
reviewing the effectiveness of each Committee. 

During frequent Board meetings/calls, the Directors discuss areas where they feel a change would be 
beneficial for the Company, and the Company Secretary remains on hand to provide advice.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Culture 
The Board recognises that their decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact the corporate culture 
of the Group as a whole and that this will impact the performance of the Group. The Board is very aware 
that the tone and culture set by the Board will greatly impact all aspects of the Group as a whole and the 
way that employees behave. A large part of the Group’s activities are centered upon addressing customer 
and market needs. Therefore, the importance of sound ethical values and behaviour is crucial to the 
ability of the Group to successfully achieve its corporate objectives.  

The Board places great importance on this aspect of corporate life and seeks to ensure that this flows 
through all that the Group does. The Board assessment of the culture within the Group at the present 
time is one where there is respect for all individuals, there is open dialogue within the Group and there 
is a commitment to provide the best service possible to all the Group’s key customers. 

The Company operates in a manner that encourages an open and respectful dialogue with employees, 
customers and other stakeholders and the Board considers that sound ethical values and behaviour are 
crucial to the ability of the Company to achieve its corporate objectives. The Group is committed to the 
highest standards of personal and professional ethical behaviour, and this must be reflected in every 
aspect of the way in which the Company operates. The Board places great importance on this aspect of 
corporate life and seeks to ensure that this flows through all that the Company does.  

The Directors consider that at present the Group has an open culture facilitating comprehensive dialogue 
and feedback and enabling positive and constructive challenge. The Executive Directors regularly meet 
with senior management and discuss staff well-being, development and staff feedback. Employees are 
encouraged  to  engage  directly  with  Directors,  and  the  Group  seeks  to  promote  Group  values  and 
behaviour through a top-down approach. 

The Board understands that the nature of its market, including high-end academic research universities 
and hospitals, brings with it a level of public scrutiny in procurement. As such, the Board ensures there 
is the utmost transparency and accessibility from the Board and external advisors that oversee the 
Group’s activities. 

Anti-Bribery Policy 
The  Group  takes  a  zero-tolerance  approach  to  bribery  and  corruption  and  is  committed  to  acting 
professionally, fairly and with integrity in all business dealings and relationships wherever they occur. 
The Group implements effective systems to counter bribery and corruption and as part of this it has 
adopted an anti-bribery and anti-corruption policy. The policy provides guidance to those working for the 
Group on how to recognise and deal with bribery and corruption issues and the potential consequences 
and applies to all persons working for the Group or on its behalf in any capacity, including employees at 
all levels, directors, officers, consultants and agents. 

Share Dealing 
The  Group  has  a  Share  Dealing  Code,  which  will  apply  to  any  person  discharging  management 
responsibility, including the Directors and members of the senior management team and any closely 
associated persons and applicable employees. 

The  Share  Dealing  Code  imposes  restrictions  beyond  those  that  are  imposed  by  law  (including  by 
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and the Market Abuse Regulation (EU) No.596/2014 as it forms 
part of United Kingdom domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and other 
relevant legislation) and its purpose is to ensure that persons discharging managerial responsibility and 
persons connected with them do not abuse, and do not place themselves under suspicion of abusing, 
price-sensitive information that they may have or be thought to have, especially in periods leading up to 
an announcement of both financial results and the results of the Group’s clinical trials. The Share Dealing 
Code  sets  out  a  notification  procedure  which  is  required  to  be  followed  prior  to  any  dealing  in  the 
Company’s securities. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Communication with Shareholders 
The Board is committed to maintaining good communication and having constructive dialogue with its 
shareholders  in  order  to  maintain  good  investor  relations  and  seeks,  wherever  possible  to  attain  a 
relationship of mutual understanding with both institutional and private client investors. 

As such, Polarean takes a proactive approach to investor relations initiatives with ongoing support from 
Walbrook PR Limited, the Group’s financial PR advisors. These investor relations initiatives include (but 
are not limited to): 

l      shareholder events in London and elsewhere;  

l      the use of social media, in accordance with the Group’s Social Media Policy, and the Company’s 

website; and 

l      interviews with platforms such as Proactive Investors around key developments. 

Institutional shareholders and analysts have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide feedback at 
meetings  with  the  Company.  In  normal  circumstances,  attendance  is  actively  encouraged  for  the 
Company’s Annual General Meeting and any other General Meetings which are held throughout the 
year.  

The corporate governance arrangements that the Board has adopted are designed to ensure that the 
Company delivers long-term value to its shareholders and that shareholders are able to express their 
views and expectations for the Company in a manner that encourages open dialogue with the Board. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Remuneration Committee Report 

Dear Shareholder,  

As the Chairman of Polarean’s Remuneration Committee, I present my Remuneration Committee Report 
for the year ended 31 December 2021, which has been prepared by the Committee and approved by 
the Board.  

The Remuneration Committee is responsible for determining the remuneration policy for the Executive 
Directors,  and  for  overseeing  the  Company’s  long-term  incentive  plans.  The  Board  as  a  whole  is 
responsible for determining Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration. The Committee will continue to 
monitor  market  trends  and  developments  in  order  to  assess  those  relevant  for  the  Group’s  future 
remuneration policy.  

Remuneration policy for 2021 and future years  
The Remuneration Committee determines the Company’s policy on the structure of Executive Directors’ 
and if required, senior management’s remuneration. The objectives of this policy are to:  

l      Reward Executive Directors and senior management in a manner that ensures that they are properly 

incentivised and motivated to perform in the best interests of shareholders; 

l      Provide a level of remuneration required to attract and motivate high-calibre Executive Directors 

and senior management of appropriate calibre; 

l      Encourage value creation through consistent and transparent alignment of incentive arrangements 

with the agreed company strategy over the long term; and  

l      Ensure  the  total  remuneration  packages  awarded  to  Executive  Directors,  comprising  both 
performance-related  and  non-performance-related  remuneration,  is  designed  to  motivate  the 
individual, align interests with shareholders and comply with corporate governance best practice.  

Objectives and Responsibilities  
The Remuneration Committee’s main responsibilities can be summarised as follows:  

l      To determine the framework or broad policy for the remuneration of the Chairman, the Executive 
Directors,  and  such  other  senior  executives  as  it  is  requested  by  the  Board  to  consider.  The 
remuneration of Non-Executive Directors shall be a matter for the Chairman and the Executive 
Directors of the Board. No Director shall be involved in any decisions as to their own remuneration;  

l      To determine such remuneration policy, taking into account all factors which it deems necessary 

(including relevant legal and regulatory requirements);  

l      To review the ongoing appropriateness and relevance of the remuneration policy, including policy 

comparisons with market competitors;  

l      To  design  and  determine  targets  for  any  performance  related  pay  schemes  operated  by  the 

Company and approving the total annual payments made under such schemes; 

l      To review the design of, and any changes to, all share incentive plans;  

l      To advise on any major changes in employee benefits structures throughout the Company;  

l      To review the structure, size and composition of the Board, including the skills, knowledge and 

experience;  

l      To give full consideration to succession planning;  

l      To recommend new Board appointments; and  

l      To consider any matter specifically referred to the Committee by the Board.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
29

 
263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 30

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Remuneration Committee Report (continued) 

Remuneration Policy for Non-Executive Directors  
During the reporting period, Cyrille Petit, Juergen Laucht, Kenneth West and I each received a fee for 
our services as Directors, which had been approved by the Board, and takes into account the time 
commitment and responsibilities of our roles and the current market rates for comparable organisations 
and appointments.  

Remuneration decisions for 2021  
Bonuses payable for the year ended 31 December 2021 totalled US$375,861 (2020: US$204,382). 

Remuneration Committee Effectiveness  
The Committee is due to perform a self-assessment of its effectiveness during the second half of 2022. 

Further information on Directors’ remuneration, including Directors’ emoluments, share options and 
warrants holdings can be found in the Directors’ Report on pages 17 to 21.  

Jonathan Allis 
Chairman of  the Remuneration Committee 

17 May 2022

Polarean Imaging plc 
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263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 31

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc  

Opinion 
We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Polarean  Imaging  plc  (the  “Parent  Company”)  and  its 
subsidiaries (the “Group”) for the year ended 31 December 2021, which comprise: 

l      the Group statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2021; 

l      the Group and parent company statements of financial position as at 31 December 2021; 

l      the Group and parent company statements of changes in equity for the year then ended; 

l      the Group and parent company statements of cash flows for the year then ended; and 

l      the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is 
applicable law and UK adopted International Accounting Standards (IFRS) and, as regards the parent 
company, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

l      the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of Parent Company’s 

affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 

l      the Group’s financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS;  

l      the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS 

as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

l      the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 

Act 2006.  

Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  ‘Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements’ section of our report. We are independent of the 
Group  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors’ use of the going concern basis 
of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 

Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue to 
adopt the going concern basis of accounting included an assessment of the appropriateness of the 
approach, assumptions and arithmetic accuracy of the model used by management when performing 
their going concern assessment for a period of at least 12 months from the date of the approval of the 
financial  statements.  We  challenged  the  underlying  data  and  key  assumptions  used  to  make  the 
assessment and the results of management’s stress testing, to assess the reasonableness of economic 
assumptions. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
31

 
263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 32

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc (continued) 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to 
events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the ability of the Group 
or Parent Company to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the 
financial statements are authorised for issue.  

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described 
in the relevant sections of this report. 

Overview of  our audit approach 

Materiality 
In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered material 
if it could reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. 
We used the concept of materiality to both focus our testing and to evaluate the impact of misstatements 
identified. Based on our professional judgement, we determined overall materiality for the Group financial 
statements as a whole to be US$420,000 (2020: US$320,000), which represents approximately 3% 
(2020: 5%) of the Group’s operating loss. We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) 
to determine the extent of our testing for the audit of the financial statements. Performance materiality is 
set based on the audit materiality as adjusted for the judgements made as to the entity risk and our 
evaluation of the specific risk of each audit area having regard to the internal control environment. We 
determined performance materiality to be US$295,000 (2020: US$225,000).  

Where considered appropriate performance materiality may be reduced to a lower level, such as, for 
related party transactions and directors’ remuneration. 

We determined materiality for the Company financial statements as a whole was set at US$200,000 
(2020: US$160,000) and its performance materiality to be US$140,000 (2020: US$112,000). 

We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of US$13,000 (2020: 
US$10,000).  Errors  below  that  threshold  would  also  be  reported  to  it  if,  in  our  opinion  as  auditor, 
disclosure was required on qualitative grounds. 

Overview of  the scope of  our audit 
Polarean Imaging plc and its subsidiaries are accounted for from one operating location in North Carolina, 
USA. Our audit was conducted from the UK and the USA using a local sub-contractor as part of our audit 
team under our direction and supervision. All Group companies were within the scope of our audit testing. 

Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those 
which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and 
directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit 
of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a 
separate opinion on these matters. 

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
32

 
263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 33

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc (continued) 

Key audit matter – financial statements                      How the scope of our audit addressed  
of the Group                                                                the key audit matter 

Carrying value of  intangible assets 
At  the  reporting  date  the  carrying  value  of 
intangible  assets,  comprising  patents,  in  the 
financial statements of the Group was US$2million 
(2020:  US$2.4million). 
represented 
approximately 6% of the assets of the Group at that 
date.  

This 

Our audit risk focuses on the risk that intangible 
assets may be impaired. 

Intangible  assets  are  detailed  in  note  12.  The 
accounting policy is documented in note 3

We  considered  with  management  whether  any 
indications  of  impairment  existed.  This  includes 
considering  the  remaining  lives  of  patents,  the 
existence  of  any 
technical 
obsolescence  of  technology  and  manufacturing 
processes,  management’s  future  plans  for  the 
business, the ability of the business to continue to 
raise new investment and the market capitalisation 
of the Group.

indication  of 

in  subsidiaries 

Carrying value of  investments in subsidiaries 
and amounts receivable from subsidiaries  
At  the  reporting  date  the  carrying  value  of 
investments 
financial 
in 
the  parent  company  was 
statements  of 
US$4.3million (2020: US$4.3million) and amounts 
receivable from subsidiaries was US$53.8million 
(2020:  US$20.4million).  This 
represented 
approximately  96%  of  the  assets  of  the  parent 
company at that date. 

the 

We  considered  with  management  whether  any 
indications  of  impairment  existed.  This  includes 
considering  the  remaining  lives  of  patents,  the 
existence  of  any 
technical 
obsolescence  of  technology  and  manufacturing 
processes,  management’s  future  plans  for  the 
business, the ability of the business to continue to 
raise new investment and the market capitalisation 
of the Group.

indication  of 

Our  audit  risk  focuses  on  the  risk  that  these 
balances may be impaired. 

in,  and  amounts  due 

Investments 
from, 
subsidiaries are detailed in notes 13 and 14. The 
relevant  accounting  policies  are  documented  in 
note 3 

Our audit procedures in relation to the above matter was designed in the context of our audit opinion as 
a whole. They were not designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters individually and 
we express no such opinion. 

Other information 
The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our 
opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If 
we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to 
determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement 
of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
33

 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 34

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc (continued) 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit  

l      the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

l      the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable 

legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and Parent Company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report 
or the Directors’ Report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

l      adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for 

our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

l      the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and 

returns; or 

l      certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

l      we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of  the directors for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 21, the Directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and  fair  view,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  the  Directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and 
Polarean Imaging plc’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related 
to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to 
do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of  the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements.

Polarean Imaging plc 
34

 
263432 Polarean_pp017-pp035.qxp  17/05/2022  14:13  Page 35

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Independent Auditors’ report to the members of  Polarean Imaging plc (continued) 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect 
of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud is detailed below:  

We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  legal  and  regulatory  frameworks  within  which  the  Company 
operates, focusing on those laws and regulations that have a direct effect on the determination of material 
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The laws and regulations we considered in this 
context were the Companies Act 2006 and taxation legislation. Technical, clinical or regulatory laws and 
regulations which are inherent risks in the development of clinical drugs and devices are mitigated and 
managed  by  the  Chief  Technology  Officer  and  management  generally  in  conjunction  with  expert 
regulatory consultants in order to monitor the latest regulations and planned changes to the regulatory 
environment. 

We identified the greatest risk of material impact on the financial statements from irregularities, including 
fraud, to be the override of controls by management. Our audit procedures to respond to these risks 
included  enquiries  of  management  about  their  own  identification  and  assessment  of  the  risks  of 
irregularities, sample testing on the posting of journals and reviewing accounting estimates for biases.  

Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected 
some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and 
performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. We are not responsible for preventing non-
compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.  

These inherent limitations are particularly significant in the case of misstatement resulting from fraud as 
this may involve sophisticated schemes designed to avoid detection, including deliberate failure to record 
transactions, collusion or the provision of intentional misrepresentations. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms 
part of our auditor’s report.  

Use of  our report 
This report is made solely to the Parent Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 
of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
Parent Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and 
for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the Group and the Group's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or 
for the opinions we have formed. 

Matthew Stallabrass (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of  
Crowe U.K. LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
London 

17 May 2022 

Polarean Imaging plc 
35

 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 36

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Consolidated Statement of  Comprehensive Income 

Notes

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Administrative expenses
Depreciation
Amortisation
Selling and distribution expenses
Share-based payment expense

Total administrative expenses

Operating loss
Finance income
Finance expense

Loss before tax
Taxation

Loss for the year and total other comprehensive expense

Loss per share 

Basic and diluted (US$)

The results reflected above relate to continuing activities.  

11
12

19

4

1,185,427
(677,402)
––––––––––––
508,025
––––––––––––
(6,517,396)
(177,349)
(757,016)
(5,557,829)
(1,814,882)
––––––––––––
(14,824,472)
––––––––––––
6 (14,316,447)
321,544
7
(21,101)
7
––––––––––––
(14,016,004)
–
––––––––––––
(14,016,004)

10

1,056,766 
(346,300) 
–––––––––––– 
710,466 
–––––––––––– 
(5,049,246) 
(150,224) 
(734,058) 
(917,783) 
(474,716) 
–––––––––––– 
(7,326,027) 
–––––––––––– 
(6,615,562) 
100,769 
(19,730) 
–––––––––––– 
(6,534,523) 
– 
–––––––––––– 
(6,534,523) 

9

––––––––––––
(0.071)
––––––––––––

–––––––––––– 
(0.044) 
–––––––––––– 

There are no items of Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) for the year other than the loss above and 
therefore no separate statement of other comprehensive income has been presented. 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 37

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Consolidated Statement of  Financial Position 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Right-of-use assets
Trade and other receivables

Current assets 
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity attributable to holders of  the parent 
Share capital
Share premium
Group re-organisation reserve
Share-based payment reserve
Accumulated losses

Non-current liabilities 
Deferred income
Lease liability
Contingent consideration

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables
Lease liability
Deferred income

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Notes

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

11
12
24
14

634,779
2,193,843
422,816
5,539
––––––––––––
3,256,977
––––––––––––

271,264 
2,810,694 
184,213 
5,539 
–––––––––––– 
3,271,710 
–––––––––––– 

977,924 
1,426,810
15
348,067 
14
970,968
6,282,665 
16 28,874,908
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
7,608,656 
31,272,686
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
34,529,663 10,880,366 
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––

101,642

7,813,337
3,660,332

17
78,200 
18 59,022,919 23,840,571 
7,813,337 
18
19
1,845,450 
18 (38,860,208) (24,844,204) 
–––––––––––– 
8,733,354 
–––––––––––– 

––––––––––––
31,738,022
––––––––––––

21
24
20

22
24
21

145,747
358,837
316,000
––––––––––––
820,584
––––––––––––

219,954 
91,609 
316,000 
–––––––––––– 
627,563 
–––––––––––– 

1,731,114
1,348,867 
130,949
129,819 
108,994
40,763 
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
1,971,057
1,519,449 
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
34,529,663 10,880,366 
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––

These Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 17 May 
2022 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Kenneth West  
Non-Executive Chairman 

Company number: 10442853 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 38

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Company Statement of  Financial Position 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiary

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity attributable to holders of  the parent 
Share capital
Share premium
Merger reserve
Share-based payment reserve
Accumulated losses

Notes

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

13 58,180,314 24,735,727 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
58,180,314 24,735,727 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

14
16

22,410
2,454,491

61,304 
911,271 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
972,575 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
60,657,215 25,708,302 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

2,476,901

101,642

17
78,200 
18 59,022,919 23,840,571 
4,322,527 
18
4,322,527
1,540,419 
19
3,355,301
(6,251,190)
(4,122,345) 
18
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
60,551,199 25,659,372 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables

22

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

106,016

106,016

48,930 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
48,930 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
60,657,215 25,708,302 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

For the year under review, the amount due from subsidiary undertaking is regarded as net investment 
and  is  therefore  reclassified  from  trade  and  other  receivable  to  investment  in  subsidiary,  and  their 
respective comparatives were also restated. 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, no separate statement of Comprehensive 
Income is presented in respect of the parent Company. The loss for the financial year dealt with in the 
financial statements of the parent Company was US$2,128,845 (2020: US$908,895). 

These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 17 May 
2022 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Kenneth West  
Non-Executive Chairman 

Company number: 10442853 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 39

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Consolidated Statement of  Changes in Equity 

Share
capital 
US$

Share 
premium
US$

Share- 
based
payment 
reserve
US$

Group   
re-org  Accumulated 
losses
US$

reserve
US$

Total  
equity 
US$ 

As at 1 January 2020

55,776
––––––––––––

13,659,912
––––––––––––

1,370,734
––––––––––––

7,813,337
––––––––––––

(18,309,681)
––––––––––––

4,590,078 
–––––––––––– 

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares
Share issue costs
Share-based payment  
expense

As at 31 December 2020  
(audited)

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares
Share issue costs
Share-based payment  
expense

As at 31 December 2021

–

–

22,424
–

10,703,373
(522,714)

–

–
–

–

–
–

(6,534,523)

(6,534,523) 

–
–

10,725,797 
(522,714) 

–
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––

474,716
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––

414,716 
–––––––––––– 

78,200
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

23,840,571
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,845,450
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

7,813,337
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

(24,844,204)
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

8,733,354 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

–

–

23,442
–

37,284,454
(2,102,106)

–

–
–

–

–
–

(14,016,004)

(14,016,004) 

–
–

37,307,896 
(2,102,106) 

–
––––––––––––
101,642
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
59,022,919
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,814,882
––––––––––––
3,660,332
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
7,813,337
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
(38,860,208)
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,814,882 
–––––––––––– 
31,738,022 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
39

 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 40

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Company Statement of  Changes in Equity 

Share
capital 
US$

Share 
premium
US$

Share- 
based  
payment 
reserve
US$

Merger  Accumulated 
losses
reserve
US$
US$

Total  
equity 
US$ 

As at 1 January 2020

55,776
––––––––––––

13,659,912
––––––––––––

1,065,703
––––––––––––

4,322,527
––––––––––––

(3,213,450)
––––––––––––

15,890,468 
–––––––––––– 

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares
Share issue costs
Share-based payment  
expense

As at 31 December 2020

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year
Transactions with owners 
Issue of shares
Share issue costs
Share-based payment  
expense

As at 31 December 2021

–

–

22,424
–

10,703,373
(522,714)

–

–
–

–

–
–

(908,895)

(908,895) 

–
–

10,725,797 
(522,714) 

–
––––––––––––
78,200
––––––––––––
–––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
23,840,571
––––––––––––
–––––––––––

474,716
––––––––––––
1,540,419
––––––––––––
–––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
4,322,527
––––––––––––
–––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
(4,122,345)
––––––––––––
–––––––––––

474,716 
–––––––––––– 
25,659,372 
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––– 

–

–

23,442
–

37,284,454
(2,102,106)

–

–
–

–

–
–

(2,128,845)

(2,128,845) 

–
–

37,307,896 
(2,102,106) 

–
––––––––––––
101,642
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
59,022,919
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,814,882
––––––––––––
3,355,301
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
4,322,527
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––
(6,251,190)
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,814,882 
–––––––––––– 
60,551,199 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
40

 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 41

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Consolidated Statement of  Cash Flows 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before tax
Adjustments for non-cash/non-operating items: 
Depreciation of plant and equipment
Amortisation of intangible assets and right-of use-assets
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Loss on remeasurement of right-of-use assets
Share-based payment expense
Finance expense
Finance income

Operating cash outflows before movements in working capital

Increase in inventories
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables
(Decrease)/increase in deferred income

Net cash used in operations

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of plant and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Issue of shares
Cost of issue
Interest paid on lease liabilities
Interest received
Principal elements of lease payments

Net cash generated by financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of  year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of  year

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

(14,016,004)

(6,534,522) 

177,349
757,015
590
11,660
1,814,882
21,101
(321,544)

150,224 
734,058 
– 
– 
474,716 
19,730 
(100,769) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
(11,554,951)
(5,256,563) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
(423,093) 
288,096 
(424,714) 
21,576 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
(12,250,467)
(5,794,698) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

(448,886)
(622,901)
382,247
(5,976)

(541,454)

(65,531) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
(65,531) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

(541,454)

37,307,896 10,725,797 
(522,714) 
(2,102,106)
(19,730) 
(21,101)
100,769 
321,544
(103,097) 
(122,069)
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
35,384,164 10,181,025 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
22,592,243
4,320,796 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
1,961,869 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
28,874,908
6,282,665 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

6,282,665

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements 

Polarean Imaging plc 
41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp036-pp042.qxp  17/05/2022  14:14  Page 42

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Company Statement of  Cash Flows 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before tax
Adjustments for non-cash/non-operating items: 
Share-based payment expense
Interest received

Operating cash outflows before movements in working capital

Increase in trade and other receivables
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables

Net cash used by operations

Cash flows from financing activities 
Issue of shares
Cost of issue
Interest received
Loans to the Subsidiary

Net cash generated by financing activities

Year ended  Year ended  
31 December 31 December 
2020 
US$ 

2021
US$

(2,128,845)

(908,895) 

1,814,882
(319,564)

––––––––––––

(633,527)

––––––––––––

38,894
57,086

––––––––––––

(537,547)

––––––––––––

474,716 
(100,358) 
–––––––––––– 
(534,537) 
–––––––––––– 
42,372 
(4,068) 
–––––––––––– 
(496,233) 
–––––––––––– 

37,307,896 10,725,797 
(522,714) 
(2,102,106)
100,358 
319,564
(8,952,702) 
(33,444,587)
–––––––––––– 
––––––––––––
1,350,739 
–––––––––––– 

2,080,767

––––––––––––

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of  period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of  period

1,543,220

––––––––––––

911,271

––––––––––––

2,454,491

––––––––––––
––––––––––––

848,506 
–––––––––––– 
56,765 
–––––––––––– 
911,271 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

The accompanying notes on pages 43 to 65 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 43

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements

1.     General information 
The Company is incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006. The registered 
number is 10442853 and its registered office is at 27-28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH. The 
Company is listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. 

The Company is the parent company of Polarean, Inc (the “Subsidiary”, together the “Group”). The 
principal activity of the Group is developing next generation medical imaging technology. The Subsidiary 
is incorporated in the United States of America and has a registered office of 2500 Meridian Parkway 
#175, Durham, NC 27713, USA. 

2.     Adoption of  new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards 

Standards and interpretations adopted during the year 
Information on new standards, amendments and interpretations that are relevant to the Group’s annual 
report and accounts is provided below: 

l      Interest Rate Benchmark Reform (IBOR) reform Phase 2 (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 

7); and 

l      COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions beyond 30 June 2021 (Amendments to IFRS 16). 

These standards have no material impact on the Group. 

Standards, amendments and interpretations that are not yet effective 
There are a number of standards, amendments to standards, and interpretations which have been issued 
by the IASB that are effective in future accounting periods that the Company has decided not to adopt 
early. The  most  significant  of  these  are  as  follows,  which  are  all  effective  for  the  period  beginning 
1 January 2022:  

l      Onerous Contracts – Cost of Fulfilling a Contract (Amendments to IAS 37); 

l      Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use (Amendments to IAS 16); 

l      Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020 (Amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16 

and IAS 41); and 

l      References to Conceptual Framework (Amendments to IFRS 3). 

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2023: 

l      Disclosure of Accounting Policies (Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2); 

l      Definition of Accounting Estimates (Amendments to IAS 8); and 

l      Deferred Tax Related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction (Amendments to 

IAS 12). 

The Group is currently assessing the impact of these new accounting standards and amendments. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies 

Basis of  preparation 
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting 
Standards (“IFRS”) and under the historical cost convention. The financial statements are presented in 
United States Dollars (“US$”) except where otherwise indicated. 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. 
The policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

Going concern 
The Directors consider the going concern basis of preparation to be appropriate in preparing the financial 
statements.  

The Group is in its development stage and has not yet moved to full commercial exploitation of its IP. 
During the year ended 31 December 2021 the Group recorded a loss after tax of US$14,016,004 (2020: 
loss  of  US$6,534,523)  and  a  net  cash  outflow  from  operating  activities  of  US  $12,250,467  (2020: 
US$5,794,698).  

During the year, the Group raised approximately US$37.3 million from the placement of new shares. At 
the reporting the Group’s cash balance was US$28.9 million (2020: US$6.3 million). In considering the 
appropriateness of this basis of preparation, the Directors have reviewed the Group’s working capital 
forecasts for a minimum of 12 months from the date of the approval of this financial information. Based 
on their consideration the Directors have reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources 
to continue for the foreseeable future and that carrying values of intangible assets are supported. Thus, 
they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing this financial information. 

Management has implemented logistical and organisational changes to underpin the Group’s resilience 
to COVID-19, with the key focus being protecting all personnel, minimising the impact on critical work 
streams and ensuring business continuity. COVID-19 may impact the Group in varying ways, which could 
lead to a direct bearing on the Group’s ability to generate future cash flows for working capital purposes. 
Management is closely monitoring commercial and technical aspects of the Group’s operations to mitigate 
the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. The inability to gauge the length of such disruption further 
adds to this uncertainty. For these reasons the generation of sufficient operating cash flows remain a 
risk. Management believes the Group will generate sufficient working capital and cash flows to continue 
in  operational  existence  and  will  have  the  ongoing  support  of  its  shareholders,  if  required,  for  the 
foreseeable future. 

Share capital  
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares 
are shown in share premium as a deduction from the proceeds. 

Government and other grants  
Grants are not recognised until there is a reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the 
conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received. Grants are treated as deferred income 
and released to the income statement on the achievement of the relevant performance criteria. 

Inventory 
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based 
on the weighted average cost principle and includes expenditure incurred in inventories, adjusted for 
rebates, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
44

 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 

Cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with an original maturity of three 
months or less. 

Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of the Group are measured using the currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the Group operates (“the functional currency”). The financial statements 
are presented in United States Dollars (US$) which is also the Group’s functional currency. 

Foreign currencies 
Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  initially  recorded  by  the  Group’s  entities  at  their  respective 
functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency 
spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.  

Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss. 

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated 
using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair 
value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is 
determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is 
treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation 
differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised 
in OCI or profit or loss, respectively).  

Basis of  consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements are for the year ended 31 December 2021. The measurement 
bases and principal accounting policies of the Group are set out below.  

On 30 May 2017 Polarean Merger-Sub, Inc., a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary, completed a merger process 
under which it acquired substantially all of the assets of m2m Imaging Corp (“m2m”), a portfolio company 
of Amphion Innovations plc engaged in the development of high-performance MRI RF coils for the global 
research market, primarily in micro-imaging. By 2016 m2m had been inactive for several years due to 
an inability to raise funds. At the date of the merger the assets of m2m were its technology and patents. 
The merger was affected by way of court sanction in the process of which the Subsidiary acquired, 
through a special purpose entity, Polarean Merger Sub, Inc. the assets of another special purpose entity, 
m2m Merger Sub, Inc., with m2m Merger Sub, Inc. being the surviving entity. After the reporting date, on 
1 September 2017, m2m Merger Sub, Inc. was merged into the Subsidiary with the Subsidiary being the 
surviving entity, the effect being that m2m Merger Sub, Inc. was collapsed, and the Subsidiary had 
acquired the m2m assets. 

As part of the arrangements for the merger 576,430 shares in the Subsidiary were issued to the former 
shareholders in m2m with the intention that all parties would exchange their stock in Polarean, Inc. for 
shares in the Group on a pro rata basis as soon as practicable.  

The Directors consider the merger between the Subsidiary and m2m Acquisition, Inc. as a consequence 
of which the group acquired the exclusive worldwide rights to m2m’s technology and patents does not 
meet the definition of an acquisition of a business as set out in IFRS3 and has therefore been accounted 
for as the acquisition of an asset or a group of assets that does not constitute a business.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
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263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 46

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 
IFRS 3 requires that in such cases the acquirer shall identify and recognise the individual identifiable 
assets acquired (including those assets that meet the definition of, and recognition criteria for, intangible 
assets in IAS 38 Intangible assets) and to allocate the cost of the individual identifiable assets and 
liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values at the date of purchase. Such a transaction or event 
does not give rise to goodwill.  

The fair value of the assets acquired under the merger arrangement of US$4,999,996 represents the 
aggregate estimated value of the financial obligations of the former m2m shareholders which were 
converted into equity in m2m prior to the merger agreement. 

The  Directors  consider  the  acquisition  of  the  entire  issued  common  stock  of  the  Subsidiary  by  the 
Company in exchange for equivalent equity participation in the Company to be a group re-organisation 
and  not  a  business  combination  and  to  fall  outside  the  scope  of  IFRS  3.  Having  considered  the 
requirements of IAS 8 and the relevant UK and US guidance, the transaction has been accounted for on 
a merger or pooling of interest basis as if both entities had always been combined, using book values, 
with no fair value adjustments made nor goodwill recognised. 

Revenue recognition  
Revenue comprises the fair value of the sale of goods and rendering of services to external customers, 
net of applicable sales tax, rebates, promotions and returns.  

Contracts and obligation 
The majority of customer contracts have three main elements that the Group provides to the customer: 

l      Sale of polarisers; 

l      Sale of parts and upgrades; and 

l      Provision of service.  

The sale of polarisers is seen as a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognised at a point 
in time. The customer can benefit from the use of the polarisers when supplied and is not reliant on the 
Group to provide the parts and upgrades or service, and therefore revenue from the sale of polarisers is 
recognised in full when the goods are delivered to the customer.  

The second performance obligation is the sale of parts and upgrades. The customer can benefit from 
the use of the parts and upgrade when supplied and is not reliant on the Group to provide the service, 
and therefore revenue from the sale of parts and upgrades is recognised in full when the goods are 
delivered to the customer. 

The third performance obligation is the provision of preventive maintenance service. Revenue from the 
provision  of  preventive  maintenance  service  is  recognised  over  the  period  when  the  services  are 
rendered. A contract liability represents the obligation of the Group to render services to a customer for 
which consideration has been received (or the amount is due) from the customer.  

Determining the transaction price 
The transaction price is determined as the fair value of the Group expects to receive over the course of 
the contract.  

There are no incentives given to customers that would have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 

Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 
The allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract is non-complex for 
the  Group.  There  is  a  fixed  unit  price  for  each  product  or  service  sold.  Therefore,  there  is  limited 
judgement involved in allocating the contract price to each unit ordered.  

Recognise revenue when or as the entity satisfies its performance obligations 
The overarching terms are consistent in each contract.  

The sale of polarisers is seen as a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognised at a point 
in time, when title of the goods transferred to the customer, as the customer can benefit from the use of 
the polarisers when supplied.  

The sale of parts and upgrades is seen as a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognised 
at a point in time, when supplied to the customer, as the customer can benefit from the use of the parts 
and upgrade when supplied.  

The provision of service is seen as a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognised as the 
Group provides these services for the duration of the contract, i.e. over time. Any unexpired portion of a 
service contract or payment received in advance in respect of service contracts either partially completed 
or not started, are included in deferred income and released over their remaining term. 

Property, plant and equipment  
Owned assets  
Items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or deemed cost less accumulated depreciation 
and impairment losses. Cost includes the original purchase price of the asset and the costs attributable 
to bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. When parts of an item of property, plant 
and equipment have different useful lives, those components are accounted for as separate items of 
property, plant and equipment.  

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as 
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to 
the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. 

Depreciation  
Depreciation is charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each 
part of an item of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives are as follows:  

l      Computer and IT equipment – 33% straight line 

l      Leasehold improvements – 20% straight line 

l      Laboratory equipment – 20% straight line 

The residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, or 
if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.  

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and 
are recognised within administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income.  

Intangible Assets 
Patents and related rights which are acquired through a business combination, are assessed by reviewing 
their net present value of future cash flows. Patents are currently amortised over their useful life, not 
exceeding 10 years.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
47

 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 48

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 
Internally generated intangible assets – research costs are costs incurred in research activities and are 
recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. An internally generated intangible 
asset arising from the development of commercial technologies is recognised only if all of the following 
conditions are met: 

l      it is probable that the asset will create future economic benefits; 

l      the development costs can be measured reliably; 

l      technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset can be demonstrated; 

l      there is the intention to complete the asset and use or sell it; 

l      there is the ability to use or sell the asset; and 

l      adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell 

the asset are available. 

At this time the Directors consider that the Group does not meet all of those conditions and development 
costs are therefore recorded as expense in the period in which the cost is incurred.  

Impairment of  non-financial assets 
Non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by 
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher 
of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, 
assets are reviewed at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-
generating units).  

Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of 
the impairment at each reporting date. 

Provisions  
A provision is recognised in the statement of financial position when the Group has a present legal or 
constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits 
will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting 
the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision 
due to the passage of time is recognised in finance costs.  

Financial assets  
The  Group  classifies  all  of  its  financial  assets  at  amortised  cost.  Financial  assets  do  not  comprise 
prepayments. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. 

These  assets  arise  principally  from  the  provision  of  goods  and  services  to  customers  (e.g.  trade 
receivables), but also incorporate other types of financial assets where the objective is to hold their assets 
in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of the 
principal and interest. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly 
attributable to their acquisition or issue and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective 
interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 

Amortised Cost 
The Group's financial assets held at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables and cash and 
cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

Impairment provisions for trade receivables are recognised based on the simplified approach within IFRS 
9 using the lifetime expected credit losses. During this process the probability of the non-payment of the 
trade receivables is assessed. This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss 
arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for the trade receivables. For trade 
receivables, which are reported net; such provisions are recorded in a separate provision account with 
the loss being recognised within administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income. On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the 
asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Impairment provisions for other receivables are recognised based on the general impairment model 
within IFRS 9. In doing so, the Company follows the 3-stage approach to expected credit losses. Step 1 
is to estimate the probability that the debtor will default over the next 12 months. Step 2 considers if the 
credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition of the debtor. Finally, Step 3 considers if 
the debtor is credit impaired, following the criteria under IAS 39. 

Financial liabilities 
The Group classifies its financial liabilities in the category of financial liabilities at amortised cost. All 
financial liabilities are recognised in the statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party 
to the contractual provision of the instrument. 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost comprise trade payables and other short-dated monetary 
liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost using 
the effective interest rate method. 

Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying values of the Group’s financial liabilities measured at amortised 
cost represents a reasonable approximation of their fair values. 

Employee benefits: pension obligations  
The Group operates a defined contribution plan. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under 
which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The Group has no legal or constructive 
obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees 
the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.  

The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions 
are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised 
as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available. 

Net finance costs 
Finance costs 
Finance costs comprise direct issue costs and foreign exchange losses; and are expensed using the 
effective interest method in the period in which they are incurred. 

Finance income 
Finance income comprises interest receivable on funds invested, and foreign exchange gains.  

Interest income is recognised in the income statement as it accrues using the effective interest method. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 

Leases 
Definition of  a lease 
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if the 
contract conveys a right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for 
consideration. 

The Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The 
right-of-use  asset  is  initially  measured  at  cost,  and  subsequently  at  cost  less  any  accumulated 
amortisation and impairment losses and adjusted for certain measurements of the lease liability. Right-
of-use assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the lease or over the 
remaining economic life of the asset if, rarely, this is judged to be shorter than the lease term. 

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the 
commencement  date,  discounted  using  the  interest  rate  implicit  or,  if  that  rate  cannot  be  readily 
determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing 
rate as the discount rate. 

The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by 
lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a 
change in an index or rate, a change in estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual 
value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension 
option is reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be 
exercised. 

The Group has applied judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts in which it is a 
lease that include renewal options. The assessment of whether the Group is reasonably certain to 
exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of lease liabilities 
ad right-of-use assets recognised. 

Income tax  
Income tax for the years presented comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the 
income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case 
it is recognised in equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, 
using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position date, and any 
adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.  

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts.  

The following temporary differences are not recognised if they arise from a) the initial recognition of 
goodwill, and b) for the initial recognition of other assets or liabilities in a transaction other than a business 
combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. 
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by 
the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised, or the 
deferred income tax liability is settled. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be 
available against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is 
no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

3.     Significant accounting policies continued 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset 
current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities 
relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable 
entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.  

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the Group’s financial statements under IFRS requires the directors to make estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent 
assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical 
experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable 
under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.  

The directors consider that the following judgements are likely to have the most significant effect on the 
amounts recognised in the financial statements.  

Carrying value of  intangible assets – Group  
In determining whether there are indicators of impairment of the Group’s intangible assets, the directors 
take into consideration various factors including the economic viability and expected future financial 
performance of the asset and when it relates to the intangible assets arising on a business combination, 
the expected future performance of the business acquired.  

Carrying value of  investments in and amounts receivable from subsidiaries – Company 
In determining whether there are indicators of impairment of the Company’s investments in, and amounts 
receivable from, its subsidiary undertakings, the directors take into consideration various factors including 
the  economic  viability  and  expected  future  financial  performance  of  the  business  of  the  subsidiary 
undertakings.  

4.     Segmental information 
IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about components 
of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (which takes the form of 
the Board of Directors) as defined in IFRS 8, in order to allocate resources to the segment and to assess 
its performance. 

The chief operating decision maker has determined that the Group has one operating segment, the 
development and commercialisation of gas polariser devices and ancillary instruments. Revenues are 
reviewed based on the products and services provided: Polarisers, Parts and Upgrades, Service and 
Other revenue. 

The  Group  operates  in  Canada,  Germany,  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  United  States  of America. 
Revenue by origin of geographical segment for all entities in the Group is as follows: 

Revenue 

Canada
Germany
United Kingdom
United States of America

Total

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

529,824
6,750
25,183
623,670
––––––––––––
1,185,427
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

85,728 
– 
34,304 
936,734 
–––––––––––– 
1,056,766 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Polarean Imaging plc 
51

 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 52

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

4.     Segmental information continued 

Non-current assets 

United States of America

Total

Product and services revenue analysis 

Revenue 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

3,256,977
––––––––––––
3,256,977
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

3,271,710 
–––––––––––– 
3,271,710 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

Polarisers
Parts and Upgrades
Service
Grants

536,350 
158,275 
61,991 
300,151 
–––––––––––– 
1,056,766 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
Management measures revenues by reference to the Group’s core services and products and related 
services, which underpin such income. 

826,059
275,789
83,579
–
––––––––––––
1,185,427
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

Total

5.     Employees and Directors 

Staff  costs for the Group and the Company during the year: 

Wages and salaries
Healthcare benefits
Social Security costs

Average monthly number of people (including directors) employed by activity: 

Senior management including directors
R&D and clinical trial
Administration

Total

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

3,604,758
220,476
248,063
––––––––––––
4,073,297
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

2,265,077 
142,942 
132,941 
–––––––––––– 
2,540,959 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

2021
No.

2020 
 No.  

10
11
7
––––––––––––
28
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

10 
8 
3 
–––––––––––– 
21 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Polarean Imaging plc 
52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 53

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

5.     Employees and Directors continued 

Key management compensation: 
The following table details the aggregate compensation paid to key management personnel. 

Salaries and fees
Healthcare benefits
Social security costs

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

1,394,235
85,830
69,465
––––––––––––
1,549,530
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,242,468 
 78,065 
70,968 
–––––––––––– 
1,391,501 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Key management personnel include all directors who together have authority and responsibility for 
planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Group and senior divisional managers. 

6.     Operating loss 

Depreciation 
    –  Owned property, plant and equipment
Amortisation of right-of-use assets
Amortisation of intangible assets
 Subtotal Amortisation
Research expenses
Auditors’ remuneration (note 8)
Clinical trial costs
Regulatory consulting costs
Legal and professional fees
Brand development and market research
Medical affairs and congress/symposia

7.     Net finance expense 

Foreign exchange gain
Sundry income

Total finance income

Finance expense

Total finance expense

8.     Auditor remuneration  

Auditors’ remuneration 
Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for audit of Parent Company 
and Consolidated Financial Statements

Polarean Imaging plc 
53

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

177,349
140,164
616,851
757,015
649,695
55,664
(52,599)
1,126,675
494,688
2,091,921
916,238
––––––––––––

150,224 
117,206 
616,852 
734,058 
451,129 
49,000 
427,155 
788,903 
298,850 
348,510 
23,625 
–––––––––––– 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

318,957
2,587
––––––––––––
321,544
––––––––––––
21,101
––––––––––––
21,101
––––––––––––

100,358 
411 
–––––––––––– 
100,769 
–––––––––––– 
19,730 
–––––––––––– 
19,730 
–––––––––––– 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

55,664
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

49,000 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 54

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

9.     Loss per share 
The loss per share has been calculated using the loss for the year and the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares outstanding during the year, as follows: 

Loss for the year attributable to shareholders of the Group (US$)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares

Basic and diluted loss per share

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

(14,016,004)
(6,534,523) 
196,961,274 149,985,929 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
(0.044) 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

(0.071)

For diluted loss per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to 
assume conversion of all potential dilutive warrants, options and convertible loans over ordinary shares. 
Potential  ordinary  shares  resulting  from  the  exercise  of  warrants,  options  and  the  conversion  of 
convertible loans have an anti-dilutive effect due to the Group being in a loss position. As a result, diluted 
loss per share is disclosed as the same value as basic loss per share. 

10.   Taxation 
There were no charges to current corporate taxation due to the losses incurred by the Group in the 
period. 

Income taxes computed at the statutory federal income tax of 21% (2020: 21%) and the state income 
tax of 2.50% (2020: 2.50%) UK corporation tax is calculated at 19% of the estimated assessable profits 
for the year. 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax

Loss on ordinary activities multiplied by the rate of corporation tax 
in the US as above
Effects of: 
Adjustments for rate of tax in other jurisdictions
Unrelieved tax losses carried forward

Total taxation charge

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

(14,016,004)
––––––––––––

(6,534,523) 
–––––––––––– 

(2,943,361)

(1,372,250) 

42,577
2,900,784
––––––––––––
–
––––––––––––

26,611 
1,345,639 
–––––––––––– 
– 
–––––––––––– 

The tax reform act of 1986 contains provisions which limit the ability to utilise the net operating loss carry 
forwards in the case of certain events including significant changes in ownership interests. If the Group’s 
net operating loss carry forward, the Group would incur a federal income tax liability even though net 
operating loss carry forwards would be available in future years. 

The Company has tax losses carried forward of US$33,391,842 (2020: $19,375,838). The unutilised tax 
losses have not been recognised as a deferred tax asset due to uncertainty over the timing of future 
profits  and  gains.  In  addition,  there  are  approximately  $531,000  (2020:  $227,000)  of  unrecognised 
deferred tax assets in respect of the share-based payment. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
54

 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 55

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

11.    Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020
Additions
Disposals
At 31 December 2020

Additions
Disposals
At 31 December 2021

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2020
Depreciation expense
Disposals
At 31 December 2020

Depreciation expense
Disposals

At 31 December 2021

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2020

At 31 December 2021

12.   Intangible assets 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020
Additions

At 31 December 2020
Additions
At 31 December 2021

Accumulated amortisation 
At 1 January 2020
Amortisation expense

At 31 December 2020

Amortisation expense

At 31 December 2021

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2020

At 31 December 2021

Leasehold
improvements
US$

Furniture  Computers
and IT
equipment
US$

and
equipment
US$

2,695
10,963

13,658
––––––––––––
17,050
–
30,708
––––––––––––

1,977
4,091

6,068
––––––––––––
7,934
–
––––––––––––
14,002
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

433,950
  14,252
(7,412)
440,790
––––––––––––
464,585
–
905,375
––––––––––––

82,109
138,314
(7,412)
213,012
––––––––––––
146,656
–
––––––––––––
359,668
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

26,665
  40,316
(7,708)
59,273
––––––––––––
59,819
(1,328)
117,764
––––––––––––

23,266
7,820
(7,708)
23,377
––––––––––––
22,759
(738)
––––––––––––
45,398
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

Total 
US$ 

463,310 
65,531 
(15,120) 
513,721 
–––––––––––– 
541,454 
(1,328) 
1,053,847 
–––––––––––– 

107,352 
150,225 
(15,120) 
242,457 
–––––––––––– 
177,349 
(738) 
–––––––––––– 
419,068 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

7,590
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

227,778
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

35,896
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

16,706
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

545,707
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

72,366
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

271,264 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
634,779 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Patents
US$

Total 
US$  

5,045,996
–
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

5,045,996
–
5,045,996
––––––––––––

1,618,450
616,852
––––––––––––
2,235,302
––––––––––––
616,851
––––––––––––
2,852,153
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

5,045,996 
– 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
5,045,996 
– 
5,045,996 
–––––––––––– 

1,618,450 
616,852 
–––––––––––– 
2,235,302 
–––––––––––– 
616,851 
–––––––––––– 
2,852,153 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

2,810,694
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

2,193,843
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

2,810,694 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
2,193,843 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Polarean Imaging plc 
55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 56

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

13.   Investment in subsidiary undertaking 
                                                                                                                      Amount due  
                                                                                              Investment                  from 
                                                                                            in subsidiary         subsidiary 
                                                                                             undertaking       undertaking
Company                                                                                          US$                   US$

Cost 
At 31 December 2020                                                             4,342,848        20,392,879
At 31 December 2021                                                            4,342,848        53,837,466
                                                                                              ––––––––––––        ––––––––––––
Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2020                                                             4,342,848        20,392,879
                                                                                              ––––––––––––        ––––––––––––
At 31 December 2021                                                            4,342,848        53,837,466
                                                                                              ––––––––––––        ––––––––––––

Total 
US$ 

24,735,727 
58,180,314 
–––––––––––– 

24,735,727 
–––––––––––– 
58,180,314 
–––––––––––– 

The investment in subsidiary undertaking is stated at cost less provision for impairment. The amount 
due from subsidiary undertaking are regarded as net investment which is subject to the impairment 
assessment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstance  indicate  that  the  carrying  value  of  the 
investment and the amount due from subsidiary undertakings may not be recoverable. For the year under 
review, there is no such indicator for impairment.  

The net carrying amounts noted above relates to the Subsidiary. The subsidiary undertaking during the 
year were as follows: 

                                                                                           Country of                                  Interest held 
                              Registered office address                     incorporation                             % 

Polarean Inc.         2500 Meridian Parkway #175,              USA                                           100 
                              Durham, NC 27713, USA 

14.   Trade and other receivables 

Amounts falling due after one year

Rental deposit

Amounts falling due within one year

Trade receivables
Other receivables
Prepayments

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021 
US$

2020 
US$ 

5,539
––––––––––––

5,539
––––––––––––

–
––––––––––––

– 
–––––––––––– 

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021 
US$

2020 
US$ 

119,096
–
851,872
––––––––––––
970,968
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

185,473
51,184
111,410
––––––––––––
348,067
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

–
–
22,410
––––––––––––
22,410
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

– 
51,184 
10,120 
–––––––––––– 
61,304 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Analysis of  trade receivables based on age of  invoices 

                                 < 30 31 – 60
$’000
                               $’000

2021                      73,500
–
2020                      27,116 155,785

61 – 90
$’000

45,097
2,572

> 90 Total Gross
$’000
$’000

499
–

119,096
185,473

ECL
$’000

–
–

Total Net 
$’000 

119,096 
185,473 

Polarean Imaging plc 
56

 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 57

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

14.   Trade and other receivables continued 
The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses (ECL) which 
uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables. The ECL balance has been determined 
based on historical data available to management in addition to forward looking information utilising 
management knowledge. The Company applies a similar approach to measuring ECL for the amounts 
due from group undertakings. 

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary 
course of business. They are generally due for settlement within 30 days and therefore are all classified 
as current. The majority of trade and other receivables are non-interest bearing. Where the effect is 
material, trade and other receivables are discounted using discount rates which reflect the relevant costs 
of financing. The carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates fair value. 

The group trade receivables include governments grants which amounted to US$Nil (2020: US$42,735) 
in which there are no unfulfilled conditions or contingencies attached to these grants as of 31 December 
2021. 

15.   Inventory 

Component parts

Group 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

1,426,810
––––––––––––

977,924 
–––––––––––– 

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2021,  a  total  of  $677,402  of  inventories  was  included  in  the 
statement of comprehensive income as an expense (2020: $346,300).  

16.   Cash and cash equivalents 

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021 
US$

2020  
US$ 

Cash at bank and in hand

28,874,908
––––––––––––

6,282,665
––––––––––––

2,454,491
––––––––––––

911,271 
–––––––––––– 

17.   Share capital  
The issued share capital of the Company was as follows: 

Allotted and called up  – Ordinary shares
of  0.037p each

2021 
No.

2021 
US$

2020 
No.

2020  
US$ 

At beginning of period
Issue of shares upon warrant exercise
Issue of shares to investors
Issue of shares upon option exercise

At end of year

474

163,212,935
928,089
44,932,142
176,800

55,776 
386 
21,386 
652 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
209,249,966
78,200 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

78,200 114,438,600
830,538
22,881 46,624,997
1,318,800

101,642 163,212,935

87

Polarean Imaging plc 
57

 
 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 58

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

17.   Share capital continued 
On 2 March 2020, the Company issued 232,010 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share warrants 
with an exercise price of £0.15 each. 

On 1 April 2020, the Company issued 46,624,997 new ordinary shares at a price of £0.18 each. 

On 1 June 2020, the Company issued 534,400 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share warrants 
with an exercise price of £0.00003 each. 

On 20 October 2020, the Company issued 64,128 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
warrants with an exercise price of £0.15 each. 

On 23 December 2020, the Company issued 1,318,800 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
options with an exercise price of £0.15 each. 

On 24 February 2021, the Company issued 61,563 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
warrants with an exercise price of £0.15 each.  

On 25 March 2021, the Company issued 358,713 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
warrants with an exercise price of £0.00037 each. 

On 31 March 2021, 7 April 2021 and 8 April 2021 the Company issued a total of 44,932,142 new ordinary 
shares of £0.00037 each in the capital of the Company at the issue price of 60 pence per share in a 
Placing, Subscription and Open Offer for total proceeds of £27 million (before expenses). 

On 16 April 2021, the Company issued 467,733 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share warrants 
with an exercise price of £0.00037 each. 

On 17 May 2021, the Company issued 40,080 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share warrants 
with an exercise price of £0.00037 each. 

On 23 November 2021, the Company issued 66,800 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
options with an exercise price of £0.025358 each. 

On 9 December 2021, the Company issued 110,000 new ordinary shares upon the exercise of share 
options with an exercise price of £0.15 each. 

18.   Reserves  

Share premium 
Share premium represents the excess of subscription amounts for the issue of shares over nominal value 
of shares issued, less any attributable share issue costs. 

Group re-organisation reserve 
The  group  re-organisation  reserve  arose  on  the  transaction  under  which  the  Group  acquired  the 
Subsidiary by way of a group re-organisation. 

Share based payment reserve 
Cumulative fair value of options charged to the consolidated income statement net of transfers to the 
profit or loss reserve on exercised and cancelled/lapsed options.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
58

 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 59

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

18.   Reserves continued 

Accumulated losses 
Includes all current and prior year retained profits and losses. 

Merger reserve 
The balance on the merger reserve represents the fair value of the consideration given in excess of the 
nominal value of the ordinary shares issued in an acquisition made by the issue of shares where the 
transaction qualifies for merger relief under the Companies Act 2006. 

19.   Share-based payments 

Share options 
The Company grants share options at its discretion to Directors, management and employees. These 
are accounted for as equity settled transactions. Should the options remain unexercised after a period 
of ten years from the date of grant the options will expire unless an extension is agreed to by the board. 
Options are exercisable at a price equal to the Company’s quoted market price on the date of grant or 
an exercise price to be determined by the board. 

Details of share options granted, exercised, lapsed and outstanding at the year-end are as follows: 

Outstanding at beginning of year
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year
Forfeited/lapsed during the year

Outstanding at end of the year

Exercisable at end of the year

Number of
share options
2021

16,884,322
8,580,000
(176,800)
(844,210)
––––––––––––
24,443,312
––––––––––––
13,055,517 
––––––––––––

Weighted
average
exercise
price
(US$)
2021

Number
of  share
options
2020

0.19 17,436,722 
 900,000 
1.11
(1,318,800)
0.14
(133,600) 
1.01
––––––––––––

––––––––––––
0.50  16,884,322 
––––––––––––
0.14 10,239,882 
––––––––––––

––––––––––––

––––––––––––

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(US$) 
2020 

 0.13  
 0.99  
0.19 
0.00   

–––––––––––– 
 0.19  
–––––––––––– 
 0.12  
–––––––––––– 

On 23 December 2020, 900,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 73 pence per share. 
25 per cent. of the options shall vest on the one year anniversary of the employee’s date of hire with the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.                                                     

On 27 April 2021, 1,000,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 77 pence per share. 25 per 
cent.  of  the  options  shall  vest  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the  employee’s  date  of  hire  with  the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

On 24 June 2021, 250,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 95 pence per share. 25 per 
cent.  of  the  options  shall  vest  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the  employee’s  date  of  hire  with  the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

On 07 July 2021, 5,250,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 93 pence per share. 25 per 
cent.  of  the  options  shall  vest  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the  employee’s  date  of  hire  with  the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

Polarean Imaging plc 
59

 
263432 Polarean_pp043-pp065.qxp  17/05/2022  14:23  Page 60

Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

19.   Share-based payments continued 
On 26 August 2021, 1,300,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 87 pence per share. 
25 per cent. of the options shall vest on one-year anniversary of the employee’s date of hire with the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

On 08 September 2021, 430,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 89 pence per share. 
25 per cent. of the options shall vest on the one-year anniversary of the employee’s date of hire with the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

On 21 October 2021, 150,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 63 pence per share. 25 per 
cent.  of  the  options  shall  vest  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the  employee’s  date  of  hire  with  the 
remaining 75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary 
of the employee’s date of hire.  

On 14 December 2021, 200,000 options were granted, with an exercise price of 57 pence per share. 
25 per cent. of the options shall vest on the one-year anniversary of the date of hire with the remaining 
75 per cent. vesting in equal portions over the 36 months following the one year anniversary of the 
employee’s date of hire. The options outstanding as at 31 December 2021 have an exercise price in the 
range of US$0.0041 to US$1.19 (2020: US$0.0041 to US$0.99).  

The fair value of options granted during the year has been calculated using the Black Scholes model 
which has given rise to fair values per share of between US$0.43 and US$0.60. This is based on risk-
free rates of between 0.60 per cent. and 1.20 per cent. and volatility of between 57 per cent. and 80 
per cent..  

The Black Scholes calculations for the options resulted in a charge of US$1,814,882 (2020: US$474,716) 
which has been expensed in the year. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the share 
options is 6.85 years (2020: 6.47 years). The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for 
all share options exercised during the period was US$0.58 (2020: $0.73). All share options are equity 
settled on exercise.  

Share warrants 
The Company grants share warrants at its discretion to Directors, management, employees, advisors 
and  lenders.  These  are  accounted  for  as  equity  settled  transactions.  Terms  of  warrants  vary  from 
agreement to agreement. 

Details for the warrants granted, exercised, lapsed and outstanding at the year-end are as follows: 

Outstanding at beginning of year
Exercised during the year
Forfeited/lapsed during the year

Outstanding at end of the year

Exercisable at end of the year

Weighted
average
exercise
price
(US$)
2021

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(US$) 
2020 

Number
of  share
warrants
2020

Number
 of  share
 warrants
2021

3,994,165
(928,089)
(11,947)
––––––––––––
3,054,129
––––––––––––
3,054,129
––––––––––––

0.09
0.34
0.34
––––––––––––
0.01
––––––––––––
0.01
––––––––––––

4,824,703 
(830,538) 

–
––––––––––––
3,994,165  
––––––––––––
3,994,165  
––––––––––––

 0.09  
 0.13  
 –  
–––––––––––– 
 0.09  
–––––––––––– 
 0.09  
–––––––––––– 

Polarean Imaging plc 
60

 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

19.   Share-based payments continued 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the share warrants is 2.55 years (2020: 2.81 years). 
The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for all share warrants exercised during the 
period was US$0.68 (2020: $0.31). 

20.   Provision for contingent consideration 

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021
US$

2020  
US$ 

Provision for contingent consideration                          316,000         316,000                    –                    – 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

On 19 December 2011, the Subsidiary entered into an agreement with a third party to purchase various 
assets, including patents, trademarks, a license agreement and physical inventory. As consideration for 
this transaction, the Subsidiary agreed to pay 5 per cent. of gross revenue on clinical sales of products 
that are sold related to the patents purchased, for seven years from the date of the commercial sale. As 
of  31  December  2021,  the  fair  value  of  this  contingent  consideration  was  US$316,000  (2020: 
US$316,000). This liability is valued based on a probability weighted expected return method using 
projected future cash flows. There were no significant events in the year ended 31 December 2021 
necessitating revision of the probability weighted expected value of the contingent consideration. 

There was therefore US$Nil profit or loss arising on revaluation of contingent consideration during the 
year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: US$Nil). 

21.   Deferred income 

Arising from service contracts
Balance brought forward
Movement for the year

Balance carried forward

Current
Non-current

Total

22.   Trade and other payables 

Trade payables
Accruals and other payables

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021
US$

2020  
US$ 

239,141
21,576

260,717
(5,976)

– 
– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

254,741

260,717

–
–

–

108,994
145,747

40,763
219,954

– 
– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
– 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

254,741

260,717

–
–

–

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021
US$

2020  
US$ 

405,953
1,325,161
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

388,030
960,837
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

40,887
65,129
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,731,114
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

1,348,867
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

106,016
––––––––––––
––––––––––––

4,930 
44,000 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
48,930 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 

Trade payables and accruals principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing 
costs and are payable within 1 year.  

The Directors consider the carrying value of all financial liabilities to be equivalent to their fair value. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
61

 
 
 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

23.   Changes in liabilities from financing activities 

Group 

1 January

2020  Cash flows 
US$
US$

Non-cash 31 December 
2020  
changes
US$ 
US$

Lease liability                                                                121,369       (122,827)       222,886         221,428 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
Total liabilities from financing activities                         121,369       (122,827)       222,886         221,428 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

1 January

2021  Cash flows 
US$
US$

Non-cash 31 December 
2021  
changes
US$ 
US$

Lease liability                                                                221,428       (143,170)        411,528         489,786 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
Total liabilities from financing activities                         221,428       (143,170)        411,528         489,786 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

24.   Leases 

Nature of  leasing activities 
The group leases properties in the jurisdiction in which it operates with all lease payments fixed over the 
lease term. 

Number of active leases

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

2
––––––––––––

2 
–––––––––––– 

The Group discounts the lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate at the commencement 
date of the lease. The weighted-average rate applied is 10%. 

Right-of-use assets 

At 1 January 2020
Additions 
Amortisation expense

At 31 December 2020

At 1 January 2021
Additions
Amortisation expense

At 31 December 2021

Land and  
Buildings 
US$ 

98,263 
203,156 
(117,206) 
–––––––––––– 
–––––––––––– 
184,213 
–––––––––––– 
184,213 
378,767 
(140,164) 
–––––––––––– 
422,816 
–––––––––––– 

Polarean Imaging plc 
62

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

24.   Leases continued 

Lease Liabilities 

At 1 January 2020
Additions
Interest expense
Lease payments

At 31 December 2020

At 1 January 2021
Additions
Interest expense
Lease payments

At 31 December 2021

Analysis of  lease liabilities  
Maturity of the lease liabilities is analysed as follows: 

Within 1 year
Later than 1 year and less than 5 years

25.   Commitments 

Land and  
Buildings 
US$ 

121,369 
203,156 
19,730 
(122,827) 
–––––––––––– 
221,428 
–––––––––––– 
221,428 
390,427 
21,101 
(143,170) 
–––––––––––– 
489,786 
–––––––––––– 

2021
US$

2020 
US$ 

130,949
358,837
––––––––––––
489,786
––––––––––––

129,819 
91,609 
–––––––––––– 
221,428 
–––––––––––– 

Royalty commitments 
The  Subsidiary  has  entered  into  three  agreements  requiring  royalty  payments.  One  agreement  is 
conditional and requires a payment of 5 per cent. of gross revenue on clinical sales during the payment 
period beginning on the date a product is first commercially sold, contingent on receiving FDA approval, 
and ending seven years from that date. A separate agreement requires payments of 0.25 per cent of net 
sales of machines, and 20 per cent of any sublicensing income for a specific method of use of patent 
beginning in 2016. Additionally, beginning five years after the effective date of 1 February 2021, there 
are minimum yearly royalties of US$5,000. The third agreement requires a fixed payment of US$250,000 
for use of patents. 

26.   Financial instruments 
The Group has exposure to the following key risks related to financial instruments: 

i.       Market risk 

ii.      Credit risk 

iii.     Liquidity risk 

This note presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Group’s 
objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Group’s management of 
capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these consolidated Financial Statements. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
63

 
 
 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

26.   Financial instruments continued 
The Group uses financial instruments including cash, loans, as well as trade receivables and payables 
that arise directly from operations. 

Due to the simple nature of these financial instruments, there is no material difference between book 
and fair values, discounting would not give a material difference to the results of the Group and the 
Directors believe that there are no material sensitivities that require additional disclosure. 

(a)    Credit risk 
        Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in 
financial loss to the Subsidiary. In order to minimise the risk, the Subsidiary endeavours only to 
deal with companies which are demonstrably creditworthy and this, together with the aggregate 
financial exposure, is continuously monitored. The maximum exposure to credit risk is the value of 
the outstanding amount. The Group considers the banks and financial institutions have low credit 
risks. Therefore,  the  Group  is  of  the  view  that  the  loss  allowance  is  immaterial  and  hence  no 
provision is required. 

        The Directors do not consider that there is any concentration of risk within either trade or other 
receivables. There are no impairments to trade or other receivables in each of the years presented. 

        Categories of  financial instruments 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost

Group

2021 
US$

2020 
US$

Company 

2021
US$

2020  
US$ 

Cash and cash equivalents                              28,874,908      6,282,665      2,454,491         911,271 
Loans and receivables 
Trade and other receivables – current                  119,096         236,657                    –           51,184 
Trade and other receivables – non-current               5,539             5,539                    –                    – 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

Financial liabilities measured at  
amortised cost 
Trade and other payables                                  1,731,114      1,348,867         106,016           48,930 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

        Capital risk management 
        The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while 
maximising returns to shareholders through the optimisation of capital structure. The Group is 
funded by equity. Equity comprises share capital, share premium, share-based payment reserves, 
group  re-org  reserves  and  accumulated  losses  and  is  presented  in  the  statement  of  financial 
position. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of 
dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. 

        The Group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes to 

economic conditions and risks.  

(b)    Market risk 
        There is no interest risk exposure to the group or the company. The Company made unsecured 
interest-free loans to its subsidiary and are expected to be repaid in the future as the subsidiary is 
revenue generative. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)

26.   Financial instruments continued 

(c)    Liquidity risk 
        A maturity analysis of the Group’s financial liabilities is shown below: 

Contractual  
                                                    Carrying undiscounted 
cashflow 
                                                    amounts 
US$
                                                           US$

Less than  One to two  Two to five  
years 
one year
US$ 
US$

years 
US$

2021                                                          
Trade and other payables          1,731,114
Lease liabilities                             489,786
                                                                     –––––––––––––
                                                  2,220,900
                                                                     –––––––––––––

2020                                                          
Trade and other payables         1,348,867
Lease liabilities                             221,428
                                                                     –––––––––––––
                                                  1,570,295
                                                                     –––––––––––––

1,731,114
154,710

1,731,114
539,145

– 
226,300 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 
226,300 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

–
158,135

1,885,824

2,270,259

158,135

1,348,867
237,631

1,348,867
143,410

–
82,670
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– –––––––––––––
82,670
1,492,277

– 
11,551 
––––––––––– 
11,551 
––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– 

1,586,498

Derivatives 
The Group and Company have no derivative financial instruments. 

27.   Contingent liabilities 
The Directors are not aware of any material contingent liabilities, except for the contingent consideration 
detailed in note 20.  

28.   Related party transactions 
Remuneration of the key management personnel has been disclosed in Note 5. 

29.   Events after the reporting period 
Between 1 January 2022 and 30 April 2022, the Company issued a total of 3,190,024 new ordinary 
shares of £0.00037 each in the capital of Company upon the exercise of share options. 

Between 1 January 2022 and 4 May 2022, the Company granted options over a total of 1,070,000 
ordinary shares of £0.00037 each in the capital of Company to a new employee and two new Directors. 
The options vest over a four-year period and have an exercise price equal to the closing price on the 
date of grant. 

On 13 April 2022 and 4 May 2022, the Company appointed Frank Schulkes, Non-Executive Director and 
Daniel Brague, Non-Executive Director to the Board of Directors, respectively. 

On 4 May 2022, Jonathan Allis resigned as Non-Executive Director from the Board of Directors. 

On 4 May 2022, Kenneth West assumed the role of Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notice of  the Annual General Meeting 

 (Incorporated in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006 with company number 10442853) 

POLAREAN IMAGING PLC 

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 

THIS DOCUMENT IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION 

If  you are in any doubt as to what action you should take, you are recommended to seek your 
own financial advice from your stockbroker or other independent adviser authorised under the 
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. 

If  you have recently sold or transferred all of  your shares in Polarean Imaging plc, please forward 
this document, together with the accompanying documents, as soon as possible either to the 
purchaser or transferee or to the person who arranged the sale or transfer so they can pass these 
documents to the person who now holds the shares. 

It is intended that the Annual General Meeting (the “AGM”) of Polarean Imaging plc (the “Company”) will 
be held at the Company’s office at 2500 Meridian Parkway, Suite 175, Durham, NC 27713 USA at 
2:00 p.m. BST (9:00 a.m. EST) on 29 June 2022. However, it is possible that there may be government 
restrictions imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic at that time and therefore the arrangements 
for the AGM may be subject to change, possibly at short notice.  

In light of this, we strongly encourage you to vote on all resolutions by completing an online proxy 
form in advance of  the meeting, appointing the Chair of  the meeting as your proxy, whether or 
not you are ultimately able to attend in person. Details of how to do this are set out below. Please 
note that if you appoint a person other than the Chair of the meeting as your proxy, in the event that 
measures are put in place by the US government which prevent attendance at the meeting, your proxy 
may not be able to attend the AGM and, if this is the case, your votes will not be counted. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  the  annual  general  meeting  of   Polarean  Imaging  plc  (the 
“Company”) will be held at the Company’s office at 2500 Meridian Parkway, Suite 175, Durham, 
NC 27713 USA at 2:00 p.m. BST (9:00 a.m. EST) on 29 June 2022 for the purpose of  considering 
and, if  thought fit, transacting the following business: 

ORDINARY BUSINESS 

To  consider  and,  if  thought  fit,  pass  the  following  resolutions  which  will  be  proposed  as  ordinary 
resolutions: 

1.     To receive and consider the Company's audited accounts for the year ended 31 December 2021 

and the Directors' of the Company (the “Director(s)”) and auditors' reports thereon. 

2.     To consider and approve the remuneration report as detailed in the Company’s annual report and 

accounts. 

3.     To re-appoint Crowe UK LLP as auditor of the Company (the “Auditor”) to hold office until the 
conclusion of the next general meeting at which accounts are laid and to authorise the Directors to 
fix the Auditor’s remuneration. 

4.     To re-elect Richard Hullihen as a Director, who retires in accordance with article 78 of the Articles, 

and who, being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notice of  the Annual General Meeting (continued) 

5.     To re-elect Bastiaan Driehuys as a Director, who retires in accordance with article 78 of the Articles, 

and who, being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

6.     To re-elect Frank Schulkes as a Director, who retires in accordance with article 83 of the Articles, 

and who, being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

7.     To re-elect Daniel Brague as a Director, who retires in accordance with article 83 of the Articles, 

and who, being eligible, offers himself for re-election. 

8.     To  generally  and  unconditionally  authorise  the  Directors  for  the  purpose  of  section  551  of  the 
Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”), in substitution for all existing authorities to the extent unused, to 
exercise all the powers of the Company to allot or grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any 
security into shares in the Company up to an aggregate number of 31,865,998 ordinary shares of 
£0.00037  each (“Ordinary Shares”) (being 15 per cent. of the total number of Ordinary Shares in 
issue as at the date of this notice) provided that this authority shall expire on the earlier of 15 months 
after the date of passing of this resolution or the conclusion of the annual general meeting of the 
Company next following the passing of this resolution, save that the Company may, before such 
expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares or equity securities, as the 
case may be, to be allotted or such rights granted after such expiry and the Directors may allot 
shares or equity securities or grant such rights, as the case may be, in pursuance of such offer or 
agreement notwithstanding that the authority conferred by this resolution has expired. 

SPECIAL BUSINESS 

To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following resolution as a special resolution: 

9.     Subject to the passing of resolution 8 above, to empower the Directors, pursuant to the general 
authority conferred on them and section 570 of the Act, to allot equity securities (within the meaning 
of section 560 of the Act) for cash as if section 561 of the Act did not apply to any such allotment, 
provided that this power shall be limited to the allotment of equity securities: 

        9.1.  made in connection with an offer of securities, open for acceptance for a fixed period, to holders 
of Ordinary Shares of the Company on the register on a fixed record date in proportion (as 
nearly  as  may  be)  to  their  then  holdings  of  such  Ordinary  Shares  (but  subject  to  such 
exclusions or other arrangements as the Directors may deem necessary or expedient to deal 
with  any  legal  or  practical  problems  under  the  laws  or  requirements  of  any  recognised 
regulatory body or any stock exchange in any overseas territory or in connection with fractional 
entitlements); and/or 

        9.2.  wholly for cash (otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 7.1 above) up to an aggregate number 

of 31,865,998 Ordinary Shares. 

This authority shall expire on the earlier of 15 months after the date of passing of this resolution and the 
conclusion of the annual general meeting of the Company next following the passing of this resolution but 
the Company may, before such expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares 
or equity securities, as the case may be, to be allotted or such rights granted after such expiry and the 
Directors may allot shares or equity securities or grant such rights, as the case may be, in pursuance of 
such an offer or agreement notwithstanding that the power conferred by this resolution has expired. 

By Order of the Board 

Stephen Austin                                                                                                            Registered Office: 
Company Secretary                                                                                             27-28 Eastcastle Street 
                                                                                                                                                      London 
                                                                                                                                                  W1Q 8DH 

17 May 2022

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notice of  the Annual General Meeting (continued) 

NOTES 

A shareholder entitled to attend and vote at the meeting convened by this notice is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to 
exercise all or any of their rights to attend, speak and vote on their behalf at the AGM. A proxy need not be a shareholder. 

(1)      Arrangements for the meeting – COVID-19 outbreak 

The continuing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has previously led to the imposition of severe restrictions on public gatherings. 
Although it appears as at the date of this Notice that these will not apply on the date of the AGM, this remains subject to change. 
In the event that the AGM venue is closed on the date of the AGM, physical attendance in person at the AGM will not be possible, 
in which case the meeting will take place with the minimum necessary quorum of two shareholders which will be facilitated by the 
Company in line with the Government’s social distancing advice as at that time. 

On this basis, to safeguard Shareholders' and employees' health and to make the meeting as safe and as efficient as possible, 
the Board: 

l       encourages Shareholders to submit their votes by proxy as early as possible, and Shareholders should appoint the Chairman 
of the meeting as their proxy. If a Shareholder appoints someone else as their proxy, that proxy may not be able to attend 
the AGM in person or cast the Shareholder's vote. All proxy appointments should be received by no later than 2:00 p.m. 
BST on 27 June 2022; 

l       strongly recommends CREST members to vote electronically through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service as 
your vote will automatically be counted. In addition, the Company has also decided that Forms of Proxy can also be submitted 
by Shareholders electronically (even outside CREST) by emailing a scanned copy of the signed personalised Form of Proxy 
to voting@shareregistrars.uk.com. Please contact Share Registrars Limited contact number on +44 (0) 1252 821390 for 
any further guidance. Dealing with paper proxies requires physical interaction such as post sorting and delivery, evaluation 
and manual input. Given the current situation, any task that requires a physical presence may be subject to disruption and 
sending a paper proxy is no guarantee of having your vote counted; 

l       proposes that voting at the meeting will be conducted by means of a poll on all resolutions, with each Shareholder having 
one vote for each share held, thereby allowing all those proxy votes submitted and received prior to the meeting to be 
counted; 

l       encourages you to submit any question that you would like to be answered at the meeting by sending it, together with your 
name as shown on the Company's register of members and the number of shares held, to the following email address: 
polarean@walbrookpr.com so that it is received by no later than 2:00 p.m. BST on 24 June  2022. Please insert “AGM – 
Shareholder Questions” in the subject header box of your email. The Company will endeavour to respond to all questions 
received from Shareholders at the AGM or within seven days following the AGM; and 

l       will continue to closely monitor the COVID-19 situation in the lead up to the meeting and make further updates about the 
meeting on the Company's website at https://www.polarean-ir.com/content/news/corporate-news as necessary. Please 
ensure that you regularly check this page for updates. 

(2)      To appoint a proxy, shareholders should use the form of proxy enclosed with this notice of AGM. Please carefully read the 
instructions on how to complete the form of proxy. For a proxy to be effective, the instrument appointing a proxy together 
with the power of attorney or such other authority (if any) under which it is signed or a notarised certified copy of the same 
must be deposited with the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars Limited of 3 The Millennium Centre, Crosby Way, 
Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7XX, United Kingdom (the “Registrars”) or by e-mail to voting@shareregistrars.uk.com, by 2:00 p.m. 
BST on 27 June 2022, or, if the AGM is adjourned, 48 hours before the time fixed for the adjourned meeting (excluding any 
part of a day that is not a business day). The completion and return of a form of proxy does not preclude a shareholder from 
subsequently attending and voting at the AGM in person if he or she so wishes. If a shareholder has appointed a proxy and 
attends the AGM in person, such proxy appointment will automatically be terminated. 

(3)      Pursuant to Regulation 41 of Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, the Company specifies that only those shareholders 
on the register of members at 2:00 p.m. BST on 27 June 2022 or, if the meeting is adjourned, 48 hours before the time of 
the adjourned meeting (excluding any part of a day that is not a business day), shall be entitled to attend or vote at the AGM 
in respect of the number of ordinary shares of £0.00037 each (the “Ordinary Shares”) registered in their name at that time. 
Changes to the register of members after that time shall be disregarded in determining the rights of any person to attend or 
vote at the AGM. 

(4)      Any Shareholder may insert the full name of a proxy or the full names of two alternative proxies of the Shareholder’s choice 
in the space provided with or without deleting ‘the Chairman of the meeting.’ A proxy need not be a Shareholder but must 
attend the meeting to represent the relevant Shareholder. The person whose name appears first on the Form of Proxy and 
has not been deleted will be entitled to act as proxy to the exclusion of those whose names follow. If this proxy form is signed 
and returned with no name inserted in the space provided for that purpose, the Chairman of the meeting will be deemed to 
be the appointed proxy. Where a Shareholder appoints as his/her proxy someone other than the Chairman, the relevant 
Shareholder  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  the  proxy  attends  the  meeting  and  is  aware  of  the  Shareholder’s  voting 
intentions. Any alteration, deletion or correction made in the Form of Proxy must be initialled by the signatory/ies. 

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Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021

Notice of  the Annual General Meeting (continued) 

(5)      A shareholder may appoint more than one proxy provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a 
different Ordinary Share or Ordinary Shares held by that shareholder. A shareholder may not appoint more than one proxy 
to exercise rights attached to any one Ordinary Share. If a shareholder wishes to appoint more than one proxy, they should 
contact the Registrars on 01252 821390, +44 1252 821390 from overseas. Lines are open from 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. 
Monday to Friday, excluding public holidays. Alternatively, you may write to the Registrars at Share Registrars Limited, 3 The 
Millennium Centre, Crosby Way, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7XX, United Kingdom for additional proxy forms and for assistance. 

(6)      Any corporation which is a shareholder can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf 

all of its powers as a shareholder provided that they do not do so in relation to the same Ordinary Share. 

(7)      As at the close of business on the date immediately preceding this notice, the Company's issued share capital comprised 
212,439,990 Ordinary Shares. Each Ordinary Share carries the right to vote at the AGM and, therefore, the total number of 
voting rights in the Company as at close of business on the date immediately preceding this notice is 212,439,990. 

(8)      A shareholder’s instructions to the proxy must be indicated in the appropriate space provided. To abstain from voting on a 
resolution, select the relevant ‘Vote withheld’ box. A vote withheld is not a vote in law, which means that the vote will not be 
counted in the calculation of votes for or against the resolution. If no voting indication is given, your proxy will vote or abstain 
from voting at his or her discretion. Your proxy will vote (or abstain from voting) as he or she thinks fit in relation to any other 
matter which is put before the meeting. 

(9)      This form of proxy must be signed by the appointor, or his attorney duly authorised in writing. The power of attorney or other 
authority (if any) under which the form of proxy is signed, or a notarised certified copy of the power or authority, must be 
received by the Registrars with the form of proxy. If the appointor is a corporation, the form of proxy should be signed on its 
behalf by an attorney or duly authorised officer or executed as a deed or executed under common seal. In the case of joint 
holders, the signature of any one of them will suffice, but the names of all joint holders should be stated. 

(10)    CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST Electronic Proxy Appointment Service may 
do so for the AGM to be held at 2:00 p.m. BST on 29 June 2022 and any adjournment(s) thereof by following the procedures 
described in the CREST manual. All messages relating to the appointment of a proxy or an instruction to a previously 
appointed proxy, which are to be transmitted through CREST, must be received by the Registrars (ID 7RA36) no later than 
2:00 p.m. BST on 27 June 2022, or, if the AGM is adjourned, 48 hours before the time fixed for the adjourned meeting 
(excluding any part of a day that is not a business day). 

(11)    In order to revoke a proxy instruction, you will need to inform the Company by sending a signed hard copy notice clearly 
stating your intention to revoke your proxy appointment to the Registrars. In the case of a shareholder which is a company, 
the revocation notice must be executed in accordance with note 12 below. Any power of attorney or any other authority 
under which the revocation notice is signed (or a duly certified copy of such power or authority) must be included with the 
revocation notice and must be received by the Registrars not less than 48 hours (excluding any part of a day that is not a 
business day) before the time fixed for the holding of the AGM or any adjourned meeting (or in the case of a poll before the 
time appointed for taking the poll) at which the proxy is to attend, speak and to vote. If you attempt to revoke your proxy 
appointment but the revocation is received after the time specified then, subject to the paragraph directly below, your proxy 
appointment will remain valid. 

(12)    A corporation’s form of proxy must be executed under either its common seal, if any, or under the hand of a duly authorised 

officer or attorney, in each case as required under the laws of its relevant jurisdiction. 

Polarean Imaging plc 
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Polarean Imaging Plc 
Group Annual Report & Accounts 2021 

Company Number 10442853