UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
[ ☐ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2021
[☒] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
[ ☐ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
[ ☐ ] SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
...............................................................
For the transition period from ___________________________to ___________________________
Commission file number
001-32199
SFL Corporation Ltd.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)
Bermuda
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Par-la-Ville Place 14 Par-la-Ville Road Hamilton HM 08 Bermuda
(Address of principal executive offices)
James Ayers
Par-la-Ville Place 14 Par-la-Ville Road Hamilton HM 08 Bermuda
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Tel: +1 (441) 295-9500 Fax: +1 (441) 295-3494
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $0.01 Par Value
SFL
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by
the annual report.
138,551,387 Common Shares, $0.01 Par Value
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
[ ☒ ] Yes [ ] No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
[ ] Yes [ ☒ ] No
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
[ ☒ ] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
[ ☒ ] Yes [ ] No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth
company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
Large accelerated
filer ☒
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term new or revised financial accounting standard refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its
Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its
internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report ☒
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
☒ U.S. GAAP
☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as
issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board
☐ Other
If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow:
☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
[ ☐ ] Yes [ ☒ ] No
INDEX TO REPORT ON FORM 20-F
PART I
PAGE
ITEM 1.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
KEY INFORMATION
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
ITEM 4A.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 5.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 10.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 14.
ITEM 15.
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
THE OFFER AND LISTING
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
PART II
DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 16A.
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
ITEM 16B.
CODE OF ETHICS
ITEM 16C.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 16D.
EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
ITEM 16E.
ITEM 16F.
PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED
PURCHASERS
CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
ITEM 16G.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 16H.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
PART III
ITEM 17.
ITEM 18.
ITEM 19.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
EXHIBITS
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i
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND SUMMARY OF RISK
FACTORS
Matters discussed in this annual report and the documents incorporated by reference may constitute forward-looking statements.
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order
to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include, but are
not limited to, statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, underlying assumptions
and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts.
SFL Corporation Ltd. and its subsidiaries, or the Company, desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement pursuant to this safe harbor
legislation. This report and any other written or oral statements made by the Company or on its behalf may include forward-
looking statements, which reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance and are
not intended to give any assurance as to future results. When used in this document, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,”
“estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “expect,” “targets,” “likely,” “would,” “could”
“seeks,” “continue,” “possible,” “might,” “pending” and similar expressions, terms or phrases may identify forward-looking
statements.
The forward-looking statements herein are based upon various assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further
assumptions, including, without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, data contained in the
Company’s records and other data available from third parties. Although the Company believes that these assumptions were
reasonable when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which
are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond its control, the Company cannot assure you that it will achieve or
accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections.
Such statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties
and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove
incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or
intended. The Company is making investors aware that such forward-looking statements, because they relate to future events,
are by their very nature subject to many important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
contemplated. In addition to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere herein, important factors that, in the
Company’s view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include,
but are not limited to:
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the strength of world economies and currencies;
the Company’s ability to generate cash to service its indebtedness;
the Company’s ability to continue to satisfy its financial and other covenants, or obtain waivers relating to such
covenants from its lenders under its credit facilities;
the availability of financing and refinancing, as well as the Company’s ability to obtain such financing or refinancing in
the future to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate activities and the Company's ability to
comply with the restrictions and other covenants in its financing arrangements;
the Company’s counterparties’ ability or willingness to honor their obligations under agreements with it;
general market conditions in the seaborne transportation industry, which is cyclical and volatile, including fluctuations in
charter hire rates and vessel values;
prolonged or significant downturns in the tanker, dry-bulk carrier, container and/or offshore drilling charter markets;
the volatility of oil and gas prices, which effects, among other things, the tanker sector and/or the offshore drilling sector;
a decrease in the value of the charter-free market values of the Company’s vessels and drilling units;
an oversupply of vessels, including drilling units, which could lead to reductions in charter hire rates and profitability;
any inability to retain and recruit qualified key executives, key employees, key consultants or skilled workers;
the potential difference in interests between or among certain of the Company’s directors, officers, key executives and
shareholders, including Hemen Holding Limited, or Hemen, our largest shareholder;
the risks associated with the purchase of second-hand vessels;
the aging of the Company’s fleet which could result in increased operating costs, impairment or loss of hire;
the adequacy of insurance coverage for inherent operational risks, and the Company’s ability to obtain indemnities from
customers, changes in laws, treaties or regulations;
changes in supply and generally the number, size and form of providers of goods and services in the markets in which
the Company operates;
ii
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the supply of and demand for oil and oil products and vessels, including drilling rigs, comparable to ours, including
against the background of the possibility of accelerated climate change transition worldwide, including shifts in
consumer demand for other energy resources could have an accelerated negative effect on the demand for oil and thus its
transportation and drilling;
changes in market demand in countries which import commodities and finished goods and changes in the amount and
location of the production of those commodities and finished goods and resulting changes to trade patterns;
technological innovation in the sectors in which we operate and quality and efficiency requirements from customers;
technology risk associated with energy transition and fleet/systems rejuvenation to alternative propulsions;
governmental laws and regulations, including environmental regulations, that add to our costs or the costs of our
customers;
potential liability from safety, environmental, governmental and other requirements and potential significant additional
expenditures related to complying with such regulations;
the impact of increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, lenders, charterers and other market
participants with respect to our Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) practices;
increased inspection procedures and more restrictive import and export controls;
the imposition of sanctions by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the U.S. Treasury or pursuant
to other applicable laws or regulations imposed by the U.S. government, the EU, the United Nations or other
governments against the Company or any of its subsidiaries;
compliance with governmental, tax, environmental and safety regulation, any non-compliance with the U.S. Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 or other applicable regulations relating to bribery;
changes in the Company’s operating expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs;
fluctuations in currencies and interest rates and the impact of the discontinuance of the London Interbank Offered Rate
for US Dollars, or LIBOR, after June 30, 2023 on any of our debt referencing LIBOR in the interest rate;
the volatility of prevailing spot market charter rates, which effects the amount of profit sharing payment the Company
receives under charters with Frontline Shipping, Golden Ocean and other charters;
the volatility of the price of the Company’s common shares;
changes in the Company’s dividend policy;
the future sale of the Company’s common shares or conversion of the Company’s convertible notes;
the failure to protect the Company’s information systems against security breaches, or the failure or unavailability of
these systems for a significant period of time;
the entrance into transactions that expose the Company to additional risk outside of its core business;
difficulty managing planned growth properly;
the Company’s incorporation under the laws of Bermuda and the different rights to relief that may be available compared
to other countries, including the United States;
shareholders’ reliance on the Company to enforce the Company’s rights against contract counterparties;
dependence on the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries to distribute funds to satisfy financial obligations and make
dividend payments;
the potential for shareholders to not be able to bring a suit against the Company or enforce a judgement obtained against
the Company in the United States;
treatment of the Company as a “passive foreign investment company” by U.S. tax authorities;
being required to pay taxes on U.S. source income;
the Company’s operations being subject to economic substance requirements;
the exercise of a purchase option by the charterer of a vessel or drilling unit;
the expected redelivery of the West Hercules to us in the second half of 2022 and the successful implementation of
changes to the chartering and management structure of the West Linus, as more fully described in this annual report;
potential liability from future litigation, including litigation related to claims raised by public-interest organizations or
activism with regard to failure to adapt or mitigate climate impact;
the withdrawal of the U.K. from the European Union and the potential negative effect on global economic conditions and
financial markets;
increased cost of capital or limiting access to funding due to EU Taxonomy or relevant territorial taxonomy regulations;
the length and severity of the ongoing coronavirus outbreak (“COVID-19”) and governmental responses thereto and the
impact on the demand for commercial seaborne transportation and the condition to the financial markets and any
noncompliance with the amendments by the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”), the United Nations agency
for maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by vessels, (the amendments hereinafter referred to as IMO 2020), to
Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol
of 1978 relating thereto, collectively referred to as MARPOL 73/78 and herein as MARPOL, which will reduce the
maximum amount of sulfur that vessels may emit into the air and applies to us since January 1, 2020;
the arresting or attachment of one or more of the Company’s vessels or rigs by maritime claimants;
potential requisition of the Company’s vessels or rigs by a government during a period of war or emergency; and
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world events, political instability, terrorist attacks or international hostilities, including the recent conflict between Russia
and Ukraine and potential physical disruption of shipping routes as a result thereof.
This report may contain assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events. These statements are
intended as forward-looking statements. The Company may also from time to time make forward-looking statements in other
documents and reports that are filed with or submitted to the Commission, in other information sent to the Company’s security
holders, and in other written materials. The Company also cautions that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and
beliefs about future events may and often do vary from actual results and the differences can be material. The Company
undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this report, whether as a result
of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
iv
ITEM 1.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not Applicable.
PART I
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
On September 13, 2019, the name of the Company was changed to SFL Corporation Ltd. (formerly Ship Finance International
Limited). Throughout this report, the "Company", "SFL ", "we", "us" and "our" all refer to SFL Corporation Ltd. and its
subsidiaries. We use the term deadweight ton, or dwt, in describing the size of the vessels. Dwt, expressed in metric tons, each
of which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms, refers to the maximum weight of cargo and supplies that a vessel can carry. We use
the term twenty-foot equivalent units, or TEU, in describing container vessels to refer to the number of standard twenty-foot
containers that the vessel can carry, and we use the term car equivalent units, or CEU, in describing car carriers to refer to the
number of standard cars that the vessel can carry. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "USD," "US$" and "$" in this
report are to, and amounts are presented in, U.S. dollars.
A. [RESERVED]
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
Not Applicable.
C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not Applicable.
D. RISK FACTORS
Our assets are primarily engaged in transporting crude oil and oil products, dry bulk and containerized cargoes, freight of
rolling cargo, and in offshore drilling and related activities. The risk factors summarized in the Cautionary Statement Regarding
Forward Looking Statements and Summary of Risk Factors and detailed below, summarize the risks that may materially affect
our business, financial condition or results of operations. Unless otherwise indicated in this annual report on Form 20-F, all
information concerning our business and our assets is as of March 24, 2022.
Risk Factors Summary
The principal risks that could adversely affect, or have adversely affected, our Company’s business, operation results and
financial conditions are categorized and detailed below.
– Risk Relating to Our Industry
Our assets operate within a variety of markets that are volatile and unpredictable. Several risk factors including but not
limited to our global and local market presence will impact our widespread operations. We are exposed to regulatory, statutory,
operational, technical, counterpart, environmental, and political risks, developments and regulations that may impact and or
disrupt our business. Details of specific risks relating to our industry are described below.
1
– Risks Relating to our Company
Our Company is subject to a significant number of external and internal risks. As an entity incorporated in Bermuda with
operations in different jurisdictions, markets and industries, with numerous employees, shareholders, customers and other
stakeholders with varying interests, we engage activities, operations and actions that would result in harming our company,
financial performance, position and ability to maintain. Details of specific risks relating to our Company are described below.
– Risk Relating to our Common Shares
Our common shares are subject to a significant number of external and internal risks. The market price of our common
shares has historically been unpredictable and volatile. As a holding company, we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to
distribute funds to satisfy our financial and other obligations. As we are a foreign corporation, our shareholders may not have
the same rights as a shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have. In addition, our shareholders may not be able to bring suit
against us or enforce a judgement obtained in the U.S. against us since our offices and the majority of our assets are located
outside of the U.S. Furthermore sales of our common shares or conversions of our convertible notes could cause the market
price of our common shares to decline. Details of specific risks relating to our common shares are described below.
Some risks are static while other risks may change and will vary depending on global and corporate developments that may
occur now or in the future. The risk factors below identify risks relating to our industry, Company and common shares. These
risks may not cover all and future applicable risk factors applicable to the Company.
Risks Relating to Our Industry
The seaborne transportation industry is cyclical and volatile, and this may lead to reductions in our charter hire rates, vessel
values and results of operations.
The international seaborne transportation industry is both cyclical and volatile in terms of charter hire rates and profitability.
The degree of charter hire rate volatility for vessels has varied widely. Fluctuations in charter hire rates result from changes in
the supply of and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the supply of and demand for energy resources, commodities,
semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products internationally carried at sea. If we enter into a charter when
charter hire rates are low, our revenues and earnings will be adversely affected. In addition, a decline in charter hire rates is
likely to cause the market value of our vessels to decline. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully charter our
vessels in the future or renew our existing charters at rates sufficient to allow us to operate our business profitably, meet our
obligations or pay dividends to our shareholders. The factors affecting the supply and demand for vessels are outside of our
control, and the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions are unpredictable.
Factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
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supply of and demand for energy resources, commodities, and semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial
products;
changes in the exploration for and production of energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer
and industrial products;
changes in the production levels of crude oil (including in particular production by OPEC, the U.S. and other key
producers);
the location of consuming regions for energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and
industrial products;
the location of regional and global exploration, production and manufacturing facilities;
competition from, supply of and demand for alternative sources of energy;
the globalization of production and manufacturing;
global and regional economic and political conditions, developments in international trade and fluctuations in
industrial and agricultural production;
economic slowdowns caused by public health events such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;
disruptions and developments in international trade;
regional availability of refining capacity and inventories;
2
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changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, including the distance cargo is transported by sea, changes in the
price of crude oil and related benchmarks, and changes in trade patterns;
changes in governmental and maritime self-regulatory organizations’ rules and regulations or actions taken by
regulatory authorities;
environmental concerns and uncertainty around new regulations in relation to, amongst others, new technologies
which may delay the ordering of new vessels;
international sanctions, embargoes, import and export restrictions, nationalizations, piracy, terrorist attacks and armed
conflicts, including the recent conflict in the Ukraine region;
changes in government subsidies of shipbuilding;
construction or expansion of new or existing pipelines or railways; and
currency exchange rates, most importantly versus USD.
Demand for our vessels and charter hire rates are dependent upon, among other things, seasonal and regional changes in
demand and changes to the capacity of the world fleet. We also believe the capacity of the world fleet is likely to increase, and
there can be no assurance that global economic growth will be at a rate sufficient to utilize this new capacity. Continued adverse
economic, political or social conditions or other developments could further negatively impact charter hire rates, and therefore
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and ability to pay dividends. In addition, the introduction
from January 1, 2020 of a global sulfur cap on fuels has increased fuel costs and led to a two-tiered market, by reducing the
demand for vessels that are not equipped with exhaust gas scrubbers or that have a high relative fuel consumption. Please refer
to the Risk Factor below: “The IMO 2020 regulations may cause us to incur substantial costs and to procure low-sulfur fuel
oil directly on the wholesale market for storage at sea and onward consumption on our vessels.”
Factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:
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the number and size of newbuilding orders and deliveries, as may be impacted by the availability of financing for
shipping activity;
the rate of recycling of older vessels, depending, among other things, on prices paid by recyclers and international
recycling regulations;
the price of steel and vessel equipment;
changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful lives of vessels;
the number of vessels that are out of service, namely those that are laid-up, dry-docked, arrested, awaiting repairs after
damage or accident, or otherwise not available for hire;
availability of financing for new vessels and shipping activity;
changes in national or international regulations that may effectively cause reductions in the carrying capacity of
vessels or early obsolescence of tonnage;
changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit the useful lives of vessels or require costly overhauls;
the number of vessels used as storage units;
port and/or canal congestion, and weather delays;
business disruptions, including supply chain disruptions and congestion, due to natural and other disasters, including
the COVID-19 outbreak;
sanctions (in particular sanctions on Russia, Iran and Venezuela, among other countries and individuals); and
technological developments.
In addition to the prevailing and anticipated freight rates, factors that affect the rate of newbuilding, recycling and laying-up
include newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in relation to recycling prices, costs of bunkers and other operating costs,
costs associated with classification society surveys, normal maintenance costs, insurance coverage costs, the efficiency and age
profile of the existing fleet in the market, and government and industry regulation of maritime transportation practices,
particularly environmental protection laws and regulations. These factors influencing the supply of and demand for shipping
capacity are outside of our control, and we may not be able to correctly assess the nature, timing and degree of changes in
industry conditions.
Further, the market may fluctuate widely based on a variety of factors including changes in overall market movements, political
and economic events, wars, acts of terrorism, natural disasters (including disease, epidemics and pandemics) and changes in
interest rates or inflation rates.
3
An over-supply of vessel capacity may lead to reductions in charter hire rates, vessel values and profitability.
The supply of vessels generally increases with deliveries of new vessels and decreases with the recycling of older vessels,
conversion of vessels to other uses, such as floating production and storage facilities, and loss of tonnage as a result of
casualties. An over-supply of vessel capacity, combined with a decline in the demand for such vessels, may result in a reduction
of charter hire rates. Upon the expiration or termination of our vessels’ current charters, if we are unable to re-charter our
vessels at rates sufficient to allow us to operate our vessels profitably or at all such inability, would have a material adverse
effect on our revenues and profitability.
The current state of the global financial markets and current economic conditions may adversely impact our results of
operation, financial condition, cash flows and ability to obtain financing or refinance our existing and future credit facilities
on acceptable terms, which may negatively impact our business.
Global financial markets and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, volatile. Since the beginning of calendar year
2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has negatively affected economic conditions, the supply chain, the labor market, the demand for
certain shipped goods regionally as well as globally and may otherwise impact our operations and the operations of our
customers and suppliers. Credit markets and the debt and equity capital markets have at times in the past been distressed and
there is uncertainty surrounding the future of the global credit markets, particularly for the shipping industry.
Also, as a result of concerns about the stability of financial markets generally, and the solvency of counterparties specifically,
the availability and cost of obtaining money from the public and private equity and debt markets may become more difficult.
Many lenders have increased interest rates, enacted tighter lending standards, refused to refinance existing debt at all or on
terms similar to current debt, and reduced, and in some cases ceased, to provide funding to borrowers and other market
participants, including equity and debt investors, and some have been unwilling to invest on attractive terms or even at all. Due
to these factors, we cannot be certain that financing will be available if needed and to the extent required, or that we will be able
to refinance our existing and future credit facilities, on acceptable terms or at all. If financing or refinancing is not available
when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to meet our obligations as they come due or we may
be unable to enhance our existing business, complete additional vessel acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business
opportunities as they arise.
As of December 31, 2021, we had total outstanding indebtedness of $1.9 billion under our various credit facilities and bond
loans and a further $0.5 billion of finance lease obligations. In addition we had a further $0.2 billion of finance lease obligations
in our associated companies.
Political instability, terrorist or other attacks, war, international hostilities and global public health threats can affect the
seaborne transportation industry, which could adversely affect our business.
We conduct most of our operations outside of the United States, and our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future may be adversely affected by changing economic, political and
government conditions in the countries and regions where our vessels or rigs are employed or registered. Moreover, we operate
in a sector of the economy that is likely to be adversely impacted by the effects of political conflicts.
Currently, the world economy faces a number of challenges, including trade tensions between the United States and China,
stabilizing growth in China, geopolitical events, such as Brexit, continuing threat of terrorist attacks around the world,
continuing instability and conflicts and other recent occurrences in the Middle East, Ukraine and in other geographic areas and
countries, as well as the public health concerns stemming from the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.
In the past, political instability has also resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt
international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region and most recently in the Black Sea in connection with the recent
conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions such as the
South China Sea and the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact
on our future performance, results of operation, cash flows and financial position.
4
Beginning in February of 2022, President Biden and several European leaders announced various economic sanctions against
Russia in connection with the aforementioned conflict in the Ukraine region, which may adversely impact our business, given
Russia’s role as a major global exporter of crude oil. Our business could also be adversely impacted by trade tariffs, trade
embargoes or other economic sanctions that limit trading activities by the United States or other countries against countries in
the Middle East, Asia or elsewhere as a result of terrorist attacks, hostilities or diplomatic or political pressures.
On March 8, 2022, President Biden issued an executive order prohibiting the import of certain Russian energy products into the
United States, including crude oil, petroleum, petroleum fuels, oils, liquefied natural gas and coal. Additionally, the executive
order prohibits any investments in the Russian energy sector by U.S. persons, among other restrictions.
In addition, public health threats, such as COVID-19, influenza and other highly communicable diseases or viruses, outbreaks
of which have from time to time occurred in various parts of the world in which we operate, including China, Japan and South
Korea, which may even become pandemics, such as the COVID-19 virus, could lead to a significant decrease of demand for
seaborne transportation. Such events may also adversely impact our operations, including timely rotation of our crews, the
timing of completion of any outstanding or future newbuilding projects or repair works in drydock as well as the operations of
our customers. Delayed rotation of crew may adversely affect the mental and physical health of our crew and the safe operation
of our vessels or rigs as a consequence.
Safety, environmental and other governmental and other requirements expose us to liability, and compliance with current
and future regulations could require significant additional expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business and financial results.
Our operations are affected by extensive and changing international, national, state and local laws, regulations, treaties,
conventions and standards in force in international waters, the jurisdictions in which our tankers and other vessels operate, and
the country or countries in which such vessels are registered, including those governing the management and disposal of
hazardous substances and wastes, the cleanup of oil spills and other contamination, air emissions, and water discharges and
ballast and bilge water management. These regulations include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or
OPA, requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard, or the USCG, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, the U.S.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA, the U.S. Clean Water Act, the
U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, and regulations of the International Maritime Organization, or IMO,
including the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974, or SOLAS, the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1973, or MARPOL, including the designation thereunder of Emission Control Areas, or
ECAs, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, or CLC, and the International
Convention on Load Lines of 1966. In particular, IMO’s Marine Environmental Protection Committee ("MEPC") 73,
amendments to Annex VI prohibiting the carriage of bunkers above 0.5% sulfur on ships took effect March 1, 2020 and may
cause us to incur substantial costs. Compliance with these regulations could have a material adverse effect our business and
financial results.
In addition, vessel classification societies and the requirements set forth in the IMO’s International Management Code for the
Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, or the ISM Code, also impose significant safety and other requirements
on our vessels. In complying with current and future environmental requirements, vessel owners and operators may also incur
significant additional costs in meeting new maintenance and inspection requirements, in developing contingency arrangements
for potential spills and in obtaining insurance coverage. Government regulation of vessels, particularly in the areas of safety and
environmental requirements, can be expected to become stricter in the future and require us to incur significant capital
expenditures on our vessels to keep them in compliance, or even to recycle or sell certain vessels altogether.
Many of these requirements are designed to reduce the risk of oil spills and other pollution, and our compliance with these
requirements can be costly. These requirements can also affect the resale value or useful lives of our vessels, require reductions
in cargo capacity, ship modifications or operational changes or restrictions, lead to decreased availability of insurance coverage
for environmental matters or result in the denial of access to certain jurisdictional waters or ports, or detention in certain ports.
5
Under local, national and foreign laws, as well as international treaties and conventions, we could incur material liabilities,
including cleanup obligations, natural resource damages and third-party claims for personal injury or property damages, in the
event that there is a release of petroleum or other hazardous substances from our vessels or otherwise in connection with our
current or historic operations. We could also incur substantial penalties, fines and other civil or criminal sanctions, including in
certain instances seizure or detention of our vessels, as a result of violations of or liabilities under environmental laws,
regulations and other requirements. Environmental laws often impose strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of oil
and hazardous substances, which could subject us to liability without regard to whether we were negligent or at fault. For
example, OPA affects all vessel owners shipping oil to, from or within the United States. Under OPA, owners, operators and
bareboat charterers are jointly and severally strictly liable for the discharge of oil in U.S. waters, including the 200 nautical mile
exclusive economic zone around the United States. Similarly, the CLC, which has been adopted by most countries outside of
the United States, imposes liability for oil pollution in international waters. OPA expressly permits individual states to impose
their own liability regimes with regard to hazardous materials and oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries,
provided they accept, at a minimum, the levels of liability established under OPA. Coastal states in the United States have
enacted pollution prevention liability and response laws, many providing for unlimited liability. Furthermore, the 2010
explosion of the drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, which is unrelated to SFL, and the subsequent release of oil into the Gulf of
Mexico, and other events, have resulted in increased, and may result in further, regulation of the shipping and offshore
industries and modifications to statutory liability schemes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows. An oil spill could also result in significant liability, including fines, penalties,
criminal liability and remediation costs for natural resource damages under other international and U.S. federal, state and local
laws, as well as third-party damages, and could harm our reputation with current or potential charterers of our vessels. We are
required to satisfy insurance and financial responsibility requirements for potential oil (including marine fuel) spills and other
pollution incidents. Although we have arranged insurance to cover certain environmental risks, there can be no assurance that
such insurance will be sufficient to cover all such risks or that any claims will not have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and available cash.
The IMO 2020 regulations may cause us to incur substantial costs and to procure low-sulfur fuel oil directly on the
wholesale market for storage at sea and onward consumption on our vessels.
Effective January 1, 2020, the IMO implemented a new regulation for a 0.50% global sulfur cap on emissions from vessels (the
“IMO 2020 Regulations”). Under this new global cap, vessels are required to use marine fuels with a sulfur content of no more
than 0.50% against the former regulations specifying a maximum of 3.50% sulfur in an effort to reduce the emission of sulfur
oxides into the atmosphere.
We have incurred increased costs to comply with these revised standards. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations
may be adopted that could require, among others, the installation of expensive emission control systems and could adversely
affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
We continue to work closely with suppliers and producers on alternative mechanisms with a view to secure availability of
qualitative compliant fuel oil and mitigate exposure to volatility in prices between high sulfur fuel oil and low sulfur fuel oil.
The procurement of large quantities of low sulfur fuel oil has introduced a commodity price risk with fluctuations in the prices
of the procured commodity between the time of the purchase and the consumption. While we may implement financial
strategies with a view to limiting the risk, we cannot give any assurances that such strategies will be successful in which case
we could sustain significant losses which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operation and cash flows. The onward consumption on our vessels of the procured commodity requires us to blend, co-mingle
or otherwise combine, handle or manipulate such commodities which implies certain operational risks that may result in loss of
or damage to the procured commodities or to the vessels and their machinery.
6
While over two years have passed since the IMO 2020 Regulations became effective, it is still uncertain how the availability of
high-sulfur fuel around the world will be affected by implementation of these regulations. Both the availability of compliant
fuel and the price of high-sulfur fuel generally and the difference between the cost of high-sulfur fuel and that of low-sulfur fuel
are also uncertain. As of March 24, 2022, 22 of our owned or leased vessels and four vessels that are included in our associated
companies are equipped with exhaust gas cleaning systems ("EGCS" or "scrubbers"). As of January 1, 2020 we have
transitioned to burning IMO compliant fuels in our vessels where scrubbers have not been installed. We continue to evaluate
different options in complying with IMO and other rules and regulations. Our fuel costs and fuel inventories increased in 2021
as a result of these sulfur emission regulations. Low sulfur fuel is more expensive than standard marine fuel containing 3.5%
sulfur content and may become more expensive or difficult to obtain as a result of increased demand. If the cost differential
between low sulfur fuel and high sulfur fuel is significantly higher than anticipated, or if low sulfur fuel is not available at ports
on certain trading routes, it may not be feasible or competitive to operate our vessels on certain trading routes without installing
scrubbers or without incurring deviation time to obtain compliant fuel. Scrubbers may not be available to be installed on such
vessels at a favorable cost or at all if we seek them at a later date. Further, there is risk that if the fuel spread between high
sulfur fuel oil and low sulfur fuel oil decreases, we may not be able to recover the investments we have made in our scrubbers
within our expected timeframes or at all.
Fuel is a significant, if not the largest, expense in our shipping operations when vessels are under voyage charter and is an
important factor in negotiating charter rates. Our operations and the performance of our vessels, and as a result our results of
operations, cash flows and financial position, may be negatively affected to the extent that compliant sulfur fuel oils are
unavailable, of low or inconsistent quality, if de-bunkering facilities are unavailable to permit our vessels to accept compliant
fuels when required, or upon occurrence of any of the other foregoing events. Costs of compliance with these and other related
regulatory changes may be significant and may have a material adverse effect on our future performance, results of operations,
cash flows and financial position. As a result, an increase in the price of fuel beyond our expectations may adversely affect our
profitability at the time of charter negotiation. Further, fuel may become much more expensive in the future, which may reduce
the profitability and competitiveness of our business versus other forms of transportation, such as truck or rail.
Developments in safety and environmental requirements relating to the recycling of vessels may result in escalated and
unexpected costs.
The 2009 Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (the “Hong Kong
Convention”), aims to ensure ships, being recycled once they reach the end of their operational lives do not pose any
unnecessary risks to the environment, human health and safety. The Hong Kong Convention has yet to be ratified by the
required number of countries to enter into force. Upon the Hong Kong Convention's entry into force, each ship sent for
recycling will have to carry an inventory of its hazardous materials. The hazardous materials, whose use or installation are
prohibited in certain circumstances, are listed in an appendix to the Hong Kong Convention. Ships will be required to have
surveys to verify their inventory of hazardous materials initially, throughout their lives and prior to the ship being recycled.
The Hong Kong Convention, which is currently open for accession by IMO member states, will enter into force 24 months after
the date on which 15 IMO member states, representing at least 40% of world merchant shipping by gross tonnage, have ratified
or approve accession. As of the date of this annual report, 17 countries have ratified or approved accession of the Hong Kong
Convention, but the requirement of 40% of world merchant shipping by gross tonnage has not yet been satisfied.
On November 20, 2013, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU adopted the Ship Recycling Regulation, which
retains the requirements of the Hong Kong Convention and requires that certain commercial seagoing vessels flying the flag of
an EU member state may be recycled only in facilities included on the European list of permitted ship recycling facilities.
Apart from that, any vessel, including ours, is required to set up and maintain an Inventory of Hazardous Materials from
December 31, 2018 for EU flagged new ships and from December 31, 2020 for EU flagged existing ships and non-EU flagged
ships calling at a port or anchorage of an EU member state. Such a system includes information on the hazardous materials with
a quantity above the threshold values specified in the relevant EU Resolution and are identified in ship’s structure and
equipment. This inventory should be properly maintained and updated, especially after repairs, conversions or unscheduled
maintenance on board the ship.
These regulatory requirements, may lead to cost escalation by shipyards, repair yards and recycling yards. This may then result
in a decrease in the residual recycling value of a vessel, which could potentially not cover the cost to comply with the latest
requirements, which may have an adverse effect on our future performance, results of operation, cash flows and financial
position.
7
Climate change and greenhouse gas restrictions may adversely impact our operations and markets.
Due to concern over the risk of climate change, a number of countries and the IMO have adopted, or are considering the
adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These regulatory measures may include, among others,
adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards and incentives or mandates for renewable
energy. More specifically, on October 27, 2016, the IMO's MEPC announced its decision concerning the implementation of
regulations mandating a reduction in sulfur emissions from 3.5% to 0.5% as of the beginning of January 1, 2020. Since January
1, 2020, ships must either remove sulfur from emissions or buy fuel with low sulfur content, which may lead to increased costs
and supplementary investments for ship owners. The interpretation of "fuel oil used on board" includes use in main engine,
auxiliary engines and boilers. Shipowners must comply with this regulation by (i) using 0.5% sulfur fuels on board, which are
available around the world but at a higher cost; (ii) installing scrubbers for cleaning of the exhaust gas; or (iii) by retrofitting
vessels to be powered by alternative fuels, which may not be a viable option due to the lack of supply network and high costs
involved in this process. Costs of compliance with these regulatory changes may be significant and may have a material adverse
effect on our future performance, results of operation, cash flows and financial position.
Shipping will become subject to the Emission Trading Scheme (“ETS”) from 2023, with those ships presently reporting
emissions under the EU Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (“MRV”) regulation being required to purchase and surrender
CO2 emission credits. All intra-EU emissions will be included, but only 50% of the emissions for voyages when arriving in or
departing from the EU. The person or organization responsible for the compliance with the EU ETS should be the shipping
company, defined as the shipowner or any other organization or person, such as the manager or the bareboat charterer, that has
assumed the responsibility for the operation of the ship from the shipowner. Compliance with the EU ETS will result in
additional compliance and administration costs. Additional EU regulations which are part of the EU’s Fit-for-55, could also
affect our financial position in terms of compliance and administration costs when they take effect.
Territorial taxonomy regulations in geographies where we are operating and are regulatorily liable might jeopardize the level of
access to capital. For example, EU has already introduced a set of criteria for economic activities which should be framed as
‘green’, called EU Taxonomy. As long as we are an EU-based company meeting the NFRD prerequisites, we will be eligible
for reporting our Taxonomy eligibility and alignment. Based on the current version of the Regulation, companies that own
assets shipping fossil fuels are considered as not aligned with EU Taxonomy. The outcome of such provision might be either an
increase in the cost of capital and/or gradually reduced access to financing as a result of financial institutions’ compliance with
EU Taxonomy.
In addition, although the emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping currently are not subject to the Kyoto
Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which required adopting countries to implement
national programs to reduce emissions of certain gases, or the Paris Agreement (discussed further below), a new treaty may be
adopted in the future that includes restrictions on shipping emissions. Compliance with changes in laws, regulations and
obligations relating to climate change may affect the propulsion options in subsequent vessel designs and could increase our
costs related to acquiring new vessels, operating and maintaining our existing vessels and require us to install new emission
controls, acquire allowances or pay taxes related to our greenhouse gas emissions or administer and manage a greenhouse gas
emissions program. Revenue generation and strategic growth opportunities may also be adversely affected.
Adverse effects upon the oil and gas industry relating to climate change, including growing public concern about the
environmental impact of climate change, may also adversely affect demand for our services. For example, increased regulation
of greenhouse gases or other concerns relating to climate change may reduce the demand for oil and gas in the future or create
greater incentives for use of alternative energy sources and alternate modes of transporting goods. In addition, the physical
effects of climate change, including changes in weather patterns, extreme weather events, rising sea levels, scarcity of water
resources, may negatively impact our operations. Any long-term material adverse effect on the oil and gas industry could have a
significant financial and operational adverse impact on our business that we cannot predict with certainty at this time.
8
Regulations relating to ballast water discharge may adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
The IMO has imposed updated guidelines for ballast water management systems specifying the maximum amount of viable
organisms allowed to be discharged from a vessel’s ballast water. Depending on the date of the International Oil Pollution
Prevention (“IOPP”) renewal survey, existing vessels constructed before September 8, 2017 must comply with the updated D-2
Discharge Performance Standard (“D-2 standard”) on or after September 8, 2019. For most vessels, compliance with the D-2
standard will involve installing on-board systems to treat ballast water and eliminate unwanted organisms. Ships constructed on
or after September 8, 2017 are to comply with the D-2 standards on or after September 8, 2017. We currently have five vessels
scheduled for ballast water treatment systems installation or upgrade and costs of compliance may be substantial and adversely
affect our revenues and profitability.
Furthermore, United States regulations are currently changing. Although the 2013 Vessel General Permit (“VGP”) program
and U.S. National Invasive Species Act (“NISA”) are currently in effect to regulate ballast discharge, exchange and installation,
the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”), which was signed into law on December 4, 2018, requires that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, develop national standards of performance for approximately 30 discharges, similar
to those found in the VGP within two years. On October 26, 2020, the EPA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for
Vessel Incidental Discharge National Standards of Performance under VIDA. In the near future, the U.S. Coast Guard is
expected to develop corresponding implementation, compliance, and enforcement regulations regarding ballast water. The new
regulations could require the installation of new equipment, which may cause us to incur substantial costs.
We currently have 10 vessels that are on fixed price management agreements with Frontline Management (Bermuda) Ltd., or
Frontline Management, and Golden Ocean Group Management (Bermuda) Ltd, or Golden Ocean Management, which include
the cost of complying with regulations. We have an additional 11 vessels and two drilling rigs employed under bareboat
charters where the cost of fitting ballast water treatment systems would lie with the charterer, if such vessel or rig is still
employed under the relevant bareboat charter at the time the regulations become applicable. We also have 43 vessels employed
in the spot market or under time charter agreements. These have either already been fitted with ballast water treatment systems
or will have them fitted within the required deadlines. The costs of compliance may be substantial and could adversely affect
our profitability.
A shift in consumer demand from oil towards other energy sources or changes to trade patterns for crude oil or refined oil
products may have a material adverse effect on our business.
A significant portion of our earnings are related to the oil industry. A shift in or disruption of the consumer demand from oil
towards other energy resources such as electricity, natural gas, liquefied natural gas or hydrogen will potentially affect the
demand for certain of our vessels and rigs. A shift from the use of internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles may
also reduce the demand for oil. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future performance, results of
operation, cash flows and financial position.
“Peak oil” is the year when the maximum rate of extraction of oil is reached. Recent forecasts of “peak oil” range from 2019 to
the 2040s, depending on economics and how governments respond to global warming. Irrespective of “peak oil”, the continuing
shift in consumer demand from oil towards other energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy or
nuclear energy, which shift appears to be accelerating as a result of the COVID-19 situation, as well as shift in government
commitments and support for energy transition programs, may have a material adverse effect on our future performance, results
of operation, cash flows and financial position.
Seaborne trading and distribution patterns are primarily influenced by the relative advantage of the various sources of
production, locations of consumption, pricing differentials and seasonality. Changes to the trade patterns of crude oil or refined
oil products may have a significant negative or positive impact on the revenue per ton of freight per mile and therefore the
demand for our tankers. This could have a material adverse effect on our future performance, results of operation, cash flows
and financial position.
9
If our vessels call at ports located in or our rigs operate in countries or territories that are the subject of sanctions or
embargoes imposed by the U.S. government, the European Union, the United Nations or other governmental authorities, it
could lead to monetary fines or penalties and adversely affect our reputation and the market for our common shares and its
trading price.
We have not engaged in shipping or drilling activities in countries or territories or with government-controlled entities in 2021
in violation of any applicable sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government, the EU, the United Nations or other
applicable governmental authorities. Our contracts with our charterers may prohibit them from causing our vessels to call on
ports located in sanctioned countries or territories or carrying cargo for entities that are the subject of sanctions. Although our
charterers may, in certain causes, control the operation of our vessels, we have monitoring processes in place reasonably
designed to ensure our compliance with applicable economic sanctions and embargo laws. Nevertheless it remains possible that
our charterers may cause our vessels to trade in violation of sanctions provisions without our consent. If such activities result in
a violation of applicable sanctions or embargo laws, we could be subject to monetary fines, penalties, or other sanctions, and
our reputation and the market for our common shares could be adversely affected.
The applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations vary in their application, as they do not all apply to the same
covered persons or proscribe the same activities, and such sanctions and embargo laws and regulations may be amended or
expanded over time. Current or future counterparties of ours may be affiliated with persons or entities that are or may be in the
future the subject of sanctions imposed by the United States, EU, and/or other international bodies. If we determine that such
sanctions require us to terminate existing or future contracts to which we, or our subsidiaries, are party or if we are found to be
in violation of such applicable sanctions, our results of operations may be adversely affected or we may suffer reputational
harm.
Although we believe that we have been in compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations in 2021,
and intend to maintain such compliance, there can be no assurance that we or our charterers will be in compliance in the future,
particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may be subject to changing interpretations. Any such violation
could result in fines, penalties or other sanctions that could severely impact our ability to access U.S. capital markets and
conduct our business, and could result in some investors deciding, or being required, to divest their interest, or not to invest, in
us. In addition, certain institutional investors may have investment policies or restrictions that prevent them from holding
securities of companies that have contracts with countries or territories identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of
terrorism. The determination by these investors not to invest in, or to divest from, our shares may adversely affect the price at
which our shares trade. Moreover, our charterers may violate applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations as a result
of actions that do not involve us or our vessels, and those violations could in turn negatively affect our reputation. In addition,
our reputation and the market for our securities may be adversely affected if we engage in certain other activities, such as
entering into charters with individuals or entities that are not controlled by the governments of countries or territories that are
the subject of certain U.S. sanctions or embargo laws, or engaging in operations associated with those countries or territories
pursuant to contracts with third parties that are unrelated to those countries or territories or entities controlled by their
governments. Investor perception of the value of our common stock may be adversely affected by the consequences of war, the
effects of terrorism, civil unrest and governmental actions in countries or territories that we operate in.
In the highly competitive international seaborne transportation industry, we may not be able to compete for charters with
new entrants or established companies with greater resources, and as a result we may be unable to employ our vessels
profitably.
We employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is capital intensive and highly fragmented, and competition arises
primarily from other vessel owners. Competition for seaborne transportation of goods and products is intense and depends on
charter rates and the location, size, age, condition and acceptability of the vessel and its operators to charterers. Due in part to
the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources could operate larger fleets than we may operate and thus be
able to offer lower charter rates and higher quality vessels than we are able to offer. If this were to occur, we may be unable to
retain or attract new charterers on attractive terms or at all, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations. Although we believe that no single competitor has a dominant position in the markets in
which we compete, we are aware that certain competitors may be able to devote greater financial and other resources to certain
activities than we can, resulting in a significant competitive threat to us. We cannot give assurances that we will continue to
compete successfully with our competitors or that these factors will not erode our competitive position in the future.
10
Increased inspection procedures, tighter import and export controls and new security regulations could increase costs and
cause disruption of our business.
International shipping is subject to security and customs inspection and related procedures in countries of origin, destination
and trans-shipment points. Under the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (the "MTSA"), the USCG issued
regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States and at certain ports and facilities. These security procedures can result in the seizure of the
contents of our vessels, delays in the loading, offloading or trans-shipment, and the levying of customs duties, fines or other
penalties against exporters or importers and, in some cases, carriers.
Future changes to the existing security procedures could impose additional financial and legal obligations on us. Changes to
inspection procedures could also impose additional costs and obligations on our customers and may, in certain cases, render the
shipment of certain types of cargo uneconomical or impractical. Any such changes or developments may have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The offshore drilling sector depends primarily on the level of activity in the offshore oil and gas industry, which is
significantly affected by, among other things, volatile oil and gas prices, and may be materially and adversely affected by a
decline in the offshore oil and gas industry.
The offshore contract drilling industry is cyclical and volatile, and depends on the level of activity in oil and gas exploration
and development and production in offshore areas worldwide. The availability of quality drilling prospects, exploration success,
relative production costs, the stage of reservoir development and political and regulatory environments affect our customers'
drilling campaigns. Oil and gas prices, and market expectations of potential changes in these prices, also significantly affect the
level of activity and demand for drilling units.
Oil and gas prices are extremely volatile and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including the following:
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worldwide production and demand for oil and gas;
the cost of exploring for, developing, producing and delivering oil and gas;
expectations regarding future energy prices;
advances in exploration, development and production technology;
the ability of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, to set and maintain production levels and
pricing;
the level of production in non-OPEC countries;
international sanctions on oil-producing countries or the lifting of such sanctions;
government regulations, including restrictions on offshore transportation of oil and gas;
local and international political, economic and weather conditions;
domestic and foreign tax policies;
the development and implementation of policies to increase the use of renewable energy;
increased supply of oil and gas from onshore hydraulic fracturing and shale development, and the relative costs of offshore
and onshore production of oil and gas;
worldwide economic and financial problems and any resulting decline in demand for oil and gas and, consequently, our
services;
the policies of various governments regarding exploration and development of their oil and gas reserves;
accidents, severe weather, natural disasters and other similar incidents relating to the oil and gas industry; and
the worldwide military and political environment, including uncertainty or instability resulting from an escalation or
additional outbreak of armed hostilities, insurrection, or other crises in the Middle East, eastern Europe or other geographic
areas, or further acts of terrorism in the United States, Europe or elsewhere.
11
Lower oil and gas prices have negatively affected, and could continue to negatively affect, the offshore drilling sector and have
resulted, and could continue to result, in reduced exploration and drilling. These reductions in commodity prices have reduced
the demand for drilling units. Continued weakness in oil and gas prices may result in an excess supply of drilling units and
intensify competition in the industry, which may result in drilling units, particularly older and lower specification drilling units,
being idle for long periods of time. We cannot predict the future level of demand for drilling units or future conditions of the oil
and gas industry.
In addition to oil and gas prices, the offshore drilling industry is influenced by additional factors, including:
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the availability of competing offshore drilling units;
the availability of debt financing on acceptable terms;
the level of costs for associated offshore oilfield and construction services;
oil and gas transportation costs;
the level of rig operating costs, including crew and maintenance;
the taxation imposed on the exploration and production activity in the relevant jurisdiction;
the discovery of new oil and gas reserves;
the cost of non-conventional hydrocarbons, such as the exploitation of oil sands; and
regulatory restrictions on offshore drilling.
Any of these factors could reduce demand for our offshore drilling assets and adversely affect our business and results of
operations.
Governmental laws and regulations, including taxation, environmental laws and regulations, may add to the costs of the
charterers of our drilling units or limit their drilling activity, and may adversely affect their ability to make lease payments to
us.
As of December 31, 2021, we had chartered the West Hercules to a subsidiary of Seadrill, namely Seadrill Offshore AS, or
Seadrill Offshore and chartered the West Linus to North Atlantic Linus Charterer Ltd., or North Atlantic Linus, which is a
subsidiary of North Atlantic Drilling Limited, or NADL, in turn a subsidiary of Seadrill. Seadrill Offshore and North Atlantic
Linus are collectively referred to as the Seadrill Charterers. Pursuant to an amendment to our charter agreement with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for the West Hercules that we entered into in August 2021, the West Hercules is contracted to be
employed with an oil major into the second half of 2022, prior to being redelivered to us in Norway. Additionally, in February
2022, we agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the West Linus, pursuant to which the drilling
contract with ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS (“ConocoPhillips”) is expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of
our subsidiaries upon the new operator receiving necessary regulatory approvals.
For additional information, please see “Item 5.B.—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt in Associated Companies”.
Reference to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean the Seadrill Charterers until such time that they redeliver the rigs to
us, whereupon references to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean subsequent charterers of such drilling units.
Our business and that of the charterers of our drilling units in the offshore drilling industry is affected by public policy and laws
and regulations relating to the energy industry and the environment in the geographic areas where they operate.
The offshore drilling industry is dependent on demand for services from the oil and gas exploration and production industry,
and, accordingly, the charterers of our drilling units are directly affected by the adoption of laws and regulations that, for
economic, environmental or other policy reasons, curtail exploration and development drilling for oil and gas. For example, the
current U.S. President Biden recently signed an executive order blocking new leases for oil and gas drilling in U.S. federal
waters. The charterers of our drilling units may be required to make significant capital expenditures to comply with
governmental laws and regulations. It is also possible that these laws and regulations may in the future add significantly to the
charterers of our drilling units’ operating costs or significantly limit drilling activity. Governments in some countries are
increasingly active in regulating and controlling the ownership of concessions, the exploration for oil and gas, and other aspects
of the oil and gas industries. In recent years, increased concern has been raised over protection of the environment. Offshore
drilling in certain areas has been opposed by environmental groups and has in certain cases been restricted. Further operations
in less developed countries can be subject to legal systems that are not as mature or predictable as those in more developed
countries, which can lead to greater uncertainty in legal matters and proceedings.
12
In certain jurisdictions there are or may be imposed restrictions or limitations on the operation of foreign flag vessels and rigs,
and these restrictions may prevent us or our charterers from operating our assets as intended. We cannot guarantee that we or
our charterers will be able to accommodate such restrictions or limitations, nor that we or our charterers can relocate the assets
to other jurisdictions where such restrictions or limitations do not apply. A violation of such restrictions, or expropriation in
particular, could result in the total loss of our investments and/or financial loss for our charterers, and we cannot guarantee that
we have sufficient insurance coverage to compensate for such loss. This may have a material adverse effect on our business and
financial results.
To the extent that new laws are enacted or other governmental actions are taken that prohibit or restrict offshore drilling or
impose additional taxes and environmental protection requirements that result in increased costs to the oil and gas industry in
general or the offshore drilling industry in particular, the charterers of our drilling units’ business or prospects could be
materially adversely affected. The operation of our drilling units will require certain governmental approvals, the number and
prerequisites of which cannot be determined until the charterers of our drilling units identify the jurisdictions in which they will
operate upon securing contracts for the drilling units. Depending on the jurisdiction, these governmental approvals may involve
public hearings and costly undertakings on the part of the charterers of our drilling units. The charterers of our drilling units
may not obtain such approvals, or such approvals may not be obtained in a timely manner. If the charterers of our drilling units
fail to secure the necessary approvals or permits in a timely manner, their customers may have the right to terminate or seek to
renegotiate their drilling services contracts to the charterers of our drilling units’ detriment. The amendment or modification of
existing laws and regulations, or the adoption of new laws and regulations curtailing or further regulating exploratory or
development drilling and production of oil and gas, could have a material adverse effect on the charterers of our drilling units’
business, operating results or financial condition. Future earnings of the charterers of our drilling units may be negatively
affected by compliance with any such new legislation or regulations. In addition, the charterers of our drilling units may
become subject to additional laws and regulations as a result of future rig operations or repositioning. These factors may
adversely affect the ability of the charterers of our drilling units to make lease payments to us. The failure of the charterers of
our drilling units to meet their respective obligations to us under our existing lease agreements would likely have material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, ability to pay dividends to our
shareholders and compliance with covenants in our credit facilities. Please refer to the Risk Factor below - “Our arrangements
with the charterers of our drilling rigs are in transition and the failure of the charterers of our drilling rigs to meet their
obligations to us under our lease agreements, or material change to the terms of such agreements, could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, ability to pay dividends to our
shareholders and compliance with covenants in our credit facilities.” for further discussion.
We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and failure to protect these systems against security breaches
could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including on our vessels and rigs. Additionally, if these systems
fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, our business could be harmed.
The safety and security of our vessels and efficient operation of our business, including processing, transmitting and storing
electronic and financial information, depend on computer hardware and software systems, which are increasingly vulnerable to
security breaches and other disruptions. Any significant interruption or failure of our information systems or any significant
breach of security could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our vessels rely on information systems for a significant part of their operations, including navigation, provision of services,
propulsion, machinery management, power control, communications and cargo management. We have in place safety and
security measures on our vessels and onshore operations to secure our vessels against cyber-security attacks and any disruption
to their information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches despite
our continuous efforts to upgrade and address the latest known threats, which are constantly evolving and have become
increasing sophisticated. If these threats are not recognized or detected until they have been launched, we may be unable to
anticipate these threats and may not become aware in a timely manner of such a security breach, which could exacerbate any
damage we experience. A disruption to the information system of any of our vessels could lead to, among other things,
incorrect routing, collision, grounding and propulsion failure.
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Beyond our vessels, we rely on industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential and
proprietary information maintained on our information systems. However, these measures and technology may not adequately
prevent security breaches. The technology and other controls and processes designed to secure our confidential and proprietary
information, detect and remedy any unauthorized access to that information were designed to obtain reasonable, but not
absolute, assurance that such information is secure and that any unauthorized access is identified and addressed appropriately.
Such controls may in the future fail to prevent or detect, unauthorized access to our confidential and proprietary information. In
addition, the foregoing events could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws. If confidential information is
inappropriately accessed and used by a third party or an employee for illegal purposes, we may be responsible to the affected
individuals for any losses they may have incurred as a result of misappropriation. In such an instance, we may also be subject to
regulatory action, investigation or liable to a governmental authority for fines or penalties associated with a lapse in the
integrity and security of our information systems.
We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against and remedy any potential or existing
security breaches and their consequences. A cyber-attack could also lead to litigation, fines, other remedial action, heightened
regulatory scrutiny and diminished customer confidence. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful, and we
may not have adequate insurance to cover these losses.
The unavailability of the information systems or the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could
disrupt our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial
condition.
Moreover, cyber-attacks against the Ukrainian government and other countries in the region have been reported in connection
with the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine. To the extent such attacks have collateral effects on global critical
infrastructure or financial institutions or us, such developments could adversely affect our business, operating results and
financial condition. At this time, it is difficult to assess the likelihood of such threat and any potential impact at this time.
Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, lenders and other market participants with respect to our
Environmental, Social and Governance policies may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.
Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny relating to their ESG policies. Investor advocacy groups, certain
institutional investors, investment funds, lenders and other market participants are increasingly focused on ESG practices and in
recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. The increased focus and
activism related to ESG and similar matters may hinder access to capital, as investors and lenders may decide to reallocate
capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of a company’s ESG practices. Companies which do not adapt to
or comply with investor, lender or other industry shareholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or which are
perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal
requirement to do so, may suffer from reputational damage, costs related to litigation, and the business, financial condition, and/
or stock price of such a company could be materially and adversely affected.
We may face increasing pressures from investors, lenders and other market participants, who are increasingly focused on
climate change, to prioritize sustainable energy practices, reduce our carbon footprint and promote sustainability. As a result,
we may be required to implement more stringent ESG procedures or standards so that our existing and future investors and
lenders remain invested in us and make further investments in us, especially given the highly focused and specific trade of
crude oil transportation in which we are engaged. Such ESG corporate transformation calls for an increased resource allocation
to serve the necessary changes in that sector, increasing costs and capital expenditure. If we do not meet these standards, our
business and/or our ability to access capital could be harmed.
Additionally, certain investors and lenders may exclude fossil fuel-related companies, such as us, from their investing portfolios
altogether due to environmental, social and governance factors. These limitations in both the debt and equity capital markets
may affect our ability to grow as our plans for growth may include accessing the equity and debt capital markets. If those
markets are unavailable, or if we are unable to access alternative means of financing on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be
unable to implement our business strategy, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations and impair our ability to service our indebtedness. Further, it is likely that we will incur additional costs and require
additional resources to monitor, report and comply with wide ranging ESG requirements. The occurrence of any of the
foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
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See further details of our ESG efforts at Item 4.B.—Business Overview and our latest Environmental Social Governance
Report, which may be found on our website at https://www.sflcorp.com/esg/. The information on our website is not
incorporated by reference into this annual report.
New technologies may cause our current drilling methods to become obsolete, resulting in an adverse effect on our business.
The offshore contract drilling industry is subject to the introduction of new drilling techniques and services using new
technologies, some of which may be subject to patent protection. As competitors and others use or develop new technologies,
we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage and competitive pressures may force us to implement new technologies at
substantial cost. In addition, competitors may have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that allow them to
benefit from technological advantages and implement new technologies before we can. We may not be able to implement
technologies on a timely basis or at a cost that is acceptable to us.
Technological innovation and quality and efficiency requirements from our customers could reduce our charter hire income
and the value of our vessels.
Our customers, in particular those in the oil industry, have a high and increasing focus on quality and compliance standards
with their suppliers across the entire supply chain, including the shipping and transportation segment. Our continued
compliance with these standards and quality requirements is vital for our operations. The charter hire rates and the value and
operational life of a vessel are determined by a number of factors including the vessel’s efficiency, operational flexibility and
physical life. Efficiency includes speed, fuel economy and the ability to load and discharge cargo quickly. Flexibility includes
the ability to enter harbors, utilize related docking facilities and pass through canals and straits. The length of a vessel’s
physical life is related to its original design and construction, its maintenance and the impact of the stress of operations. We face
competition from companies with more modern vessels with more fuel efficient designs than our vessels, or eco vessels, and if
new vessels are built that are more efficient or more flexible or have longer physical lives than the current eco vessels,
competition from the current eco vessels and any more technologically advanced vessels could adversely affect the amount of
charter hire payments we receive for our vessels and the resale value of our vessels could significantly decrease. Similarly,
technologically advanced vessels are needed to comply with environmental laws; the investment, in which along with the
foregoing, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, charter hire payments, resale value of vessels, cash
flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
Prolonged or significant downturns in the tanker, dry bulk carrier, container and offshore drilling charter markets may
have an adverse effect on our earnings.
Although most of our vessels are employed on medium or long-term charters, prolonged or significant downturns in the
markets in which we operate could have a significant and adverse effect in finding new customers in the short and long term
market and on our existing customers’ ability to continue to fulfill their obligations to us. It also affects the resale value of
vessels.
The tanker market has historically been volatile. For example, we witnessed historically high chartering levels recorded in
March and April of 2020, and then observed rates drop in 2021 and generally remain low, with average earnings during 2021
marking unprecedented lows. Global oil demand is expected to increase in 2022 with oil prices surpassing $100 per barrel,
which has not been seen since 2014. With potential negative effects from and escalating geopolitical tension impacting the
tanker market, there can be no assurance that the tanker market will recover.
We currently have two vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping Limited (“Frontline Shipping”), an unguaranteed subsidiary of
Frontline Ltd. (“Frontline”). When there are downturns in the tanker market, there is a significant risk that Frontline Shipping
may not have sufficient funds to fulfill their obligations under the charters.
While also experiencing volatility, the dry bulk shipping market has enjoyed significantly improved market conditions during
2021. Industry sources indicate that seaborne dry bulk trade (in tonnes) increased during 2021, as a result of a significant
rebound in trade following reduced trade volumes seen during the COVID-19 pandemic which caused significant disruption
and operation challenges. With the dry bulk newbuilding order book standing at 7% of the total fleet in terms of capacity, with
continued congestion globally along with increased demand, the market may see some positive signs. However, with continued
uncertainty, there can be no assurance that the dry bulk charter market will sustain its recent rally or realize its projected
recovery.
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The containership charter market experienced significant increase during 2021. After severe negative impacts resulting from the
outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, volumes recovered swiftly along with significant logistical disruptions
during the second half of 2020 and throughout 2021. With a strong rebound in global container volumes and major upside from
severe logistical disruptions, including port congestion which significantly reduced capacity, freight rates set new highs during
2021. Whilst trade volume is projected to grow, there can be no assurances that the market will remain at current levels, as the
order book is approximately equal to 23% at the end of 2021, and port congestion is expected to unwind.
The offshore drilling charter market is correlated to the oil price (Brent crude spot) which has experienced significant volatility
during the last decade. The oil price fluctuated from yearly average levels above $100 to below $20 in 2020. Over the few last
years, we saw a gradual recovery, however in April 2020 the oil price fell below $20 per barrel following fears that oil storage
in the U.S. was running tight. As a consequence of these reductions in oil prices, oil and gas companies significantly reduced
their exploration and development activities, resulting in many drilling companies laying up rigs and experiencing financial
difficulties, including our customer Seadrill. While oil prices have increased in 2021 to above $100, the medium and long-term
oil price development remains uncertain, with COVID-19 pandemic expected to continue to affect the global oil demand along
with a structural transition in global energy systems with renewable energy expected to increase going forward. The effect on
this related to the market is currently difficult to assess. Also, we have seen significant movement in oil price development
since the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine began in February 2022.
For more information please see Item 5.D.—Trend Information.
Downturns in these markets and resulting volatility has had a number of adverse consequences, including, among other things:
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an absence of financing for vessels or rigs;
limited second-hand market for the sale of vessels or rigs;
extremely low charter rates, particularly for vessels employed in the spot market;
widespread loan covenant defaults in the shipping and offshore industries; and
declaration of bankruptcy by some operators, rig and ship owners as well as charterers.
The occurrence of one or more of these events could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay cash distributions.
In addition, because the market value of our vessels and rigs may fluctuate significantly, we may incur losses when we sell
vessels, which may adversely affect earnings. If we sell vessels at a time when vessel prices have fallen and before we have
recorded an impairment adjustment to our financial statements, the sale may be at less than the vessel’s carrying amount in
those financial statements, resulting in a loss and a reduction in earnings.
Our financial results and operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected by the ongoing outbreak of
COVID-19, and related governmental responses thereto.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in numerous actions taken by governments and governmental agencies in an attempt to
mitigate the spread of the virus, including travel bans, quarantines, and other emergency public health measures, including
lockdown measures. These measures resulted in a significant reduction in global economic activity and extreme volatility in the
global financial markets. While many of these measures have since been relaxed, we cannot predict whether and to what degree
such measures will be reinstituted in the event of any resurgence in the COVID-19 virus or any variants thereof. If the
COVID-19 pandemic continues on a prolonged basis or becomes more severe, the adverse impact on the global economy and
the rate environment for dry bulk and other cargo vessels may deteriorate further and our operations and cash flows may be
negatively impacted. Relatively weak global economic conditions during periods of volatility have and may continue to have a
number of adverse consequences for dry bulk and other shipping sectors as we have experienced, including, among other
things:
•
•
•
•
•
low charter rates, particularly for vessels employed on short-term time charters or in the spot market;
decreases in the market value of dry bulk vessels and limited second-hand market for the sale of vessels;
limited financing for vessels;
loan covenant defaults; and
declaration of bankruptcy by certain vessel operators, vessel owners, shipyards and charterers.
16
The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain its spread have negatively impacted regional and global economies and trade
patterns in markets in which we operate, the way we operate our business, and the businesses of our charterers and suppliers.
These negative impacts could continue or worsen, even after the pandemic itself diminishes or ends. Companies, including us,
have also taken precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely and imposing travel restrictions, while some other
businesses have been required to close entirely. Moreover, we face significant risks to our personnel and operations due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. Our crews face risk of exposure to COVID-19 as a result of travel to ports in which cases of COVID-19
have been reported. Our shore-based personnel likewise face risk of such exposure, as we maintain offices in areas that have
been impacted by the spread of COVID-19.
Measures against COVID-19 in a number of countries have restricted crew rotations on our vessels, which may continue or
become more severe. As a result, in 2021, we experienced and may continue to experience disruptions to our normal vessel
operations caused by increased deviation time associated with positioning our vessels to countries in which we can undertake a
crew rotation in compliance with such measures. Delays in crew rotations have led to issues with crew fatigue and may
continue to do so, which may result in delays or other operational issues. We have had and expect to continue to have increased
expenses due to incremental fuel consumption and days in which our vessels are unable to earn revenue in order to deviate to
certain ports on which we would ordinarily not call during a typical voyage. We may also incur additional expenses associated
with testing, personal protective equipment, quarantines, and travel expenses such as airfare costs in order to perform crew
rotations in the current environment. In 2021, delays in crew rotations have also caused us to incur additional costs related to
crew bonuses paid to retain the existing crew members on board and may continue to do so.
Moreover COVID-19 and governmental and other measures related to it have led to a highly difficult environment in which to
acquire and dispose of vessels given difficulty to physically inspect vessels. The impact of COVID-19 has also resulted in
reduced industrial activity globally, and more specifically in China, with temporary closures of factories and other facilities,
labor shortages and restrictions on travel.
This and future epidemics may affect personnel operating payment systems through which we receive revenues from the
chartering of our vessels or pay for our expenses, resulting in delays in payments. We continue to focus on our employees' well-
being, whilst making sure that their operations continue undisrupted and at the same time, adapting to the new ways of
operating. As such employees are encouraged and in certain cases required to operate remotely which significantly increases the
risk of cyber security attacks.
The occurrence or continued occurrence of any of the foregoing events or other epidemics or an increase in the severity or
duration of the COVID-19 or other epidemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash
flows, financial condition, value of our vessels, and ability to pay dividends.
Our business has inherent operational risks, which may not be adequately covered by insurance.
Our vessels and their cargoes are at risk of being damaged or lost, due to events such as marine disasters, bad weather,
mechanical failures, human error, environmental accidents, war, terrorism, piracy, political circumstances and hostilities in
foreign countries, labor strikes and boycotts, changes in tax rates or policies, and governmental expropriation of our
vessels. Any of these events may result in loss of revenues, increased costs and decreased cash flows to our customers, which
could impair their ability to make payments to us under our charters. There is a material risk of increased premiums or loss of
coverage as a result of the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
In the event of a vessel casualty or other catastrophic event, we will rely on the marine insurance policies to pay the insured
value of the vessel or the damages incurred. Through the agreements with our vessel managers, we procure insurance for most
of the vessels in our fleet employed under time and voyage charters against those risks that we believe the shipping industry
commonly insures against. These insurances include marine hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance,
which include pollution risks and crew insurances, and war risk insurance. Currently, the amount of coverage for liability for
pollution, spillage and leakage available to us on commercially reasonable terms through protection and indemnity associations
and providers of excess coverage is $1 billion per vessel per occurrence.
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We cannot assure you that we will be adequately insured against all risks. Our vessel managers may not be able to obtain
adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our vessels in the future. For example, in the past more stringent
environmental regulations have led to increased costs for, and in the future may result in the lack of availability of, insurance
against risks of environmental damage or pollution. Additionally, our insurers may refuse to pay particular claims. For example,
the circumstances of a spill, including non-compliance with environmental laws, could result in denial of coverage, protracted
litigation, and delayed or diminished insurance recoveries or settlements. Any significant loss or liability for which we are not
insured could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Under the terms of our bareboat charters, the charterer
is responsible for procuring all insurances for the vessel.
We procure insurance for our fleet against risks commonly insured against by vessel owners and operators. Even if our
insurance coverage is adequate to cover our losses, we may not be able to timely obtain a replacement vessel in the event of a
loss. Furthermore, in the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our fleet. We
may also be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our own claim records but also the claim records of all
other members of the protection and indemnity associations through which we receive indemnity insurance coverage for tort
liability. Our insurance policies also contain deductibles, limitations and exclusions which, although we believe are standard in
the shipping industry, may nevertheless increase our costs. If our insurance is not enough to cover claims that may arise, the
deficiency may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We may also be subject to
calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our own claim records but also the claim records of all other members of the
protection and indemnity associations through which we receive indemnity insurance coverage for tort liability, including
pollution-related liability. Our payment of these calls could result in significant expenses to us.
Maritime claimants could arrest or attach one or more of our vessels, which could interrupt our customers' or our cash
flows.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime
lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may enforce its lien
by “arresting” or “attaching” a vessel through judicial or foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of
our vessels could interrupt the cash flow of the charterer and/or our cash flow and require us to pay a significant amount of
money to have the arrest lifted, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, in jurisdictions where the “sister ship” theory of liability applies, such as South Africa, a claimant may arrest the
vessel that is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the
same owner. In countries with “sister ship” liability laws, claims may be asserted against us or any of our vessels for liabilities
of other vessels that we own.
Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in a loss of earnings.
A government of a vessel’s registry could requisition for title or seize one or more of our vessels. Requisition for title occurs
when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes the owner. Such government could also requisition one or more of
our vessels for hire. Requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes the
charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a period of war or emergency. Government requisition of
one or more of our vessels could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends.
The aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs or loss of hire in the future, which could adversely affect our
earnings.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating condition increase with the age of the vessel. As of December 31,
2021, the average age of our fleet, owned, leased or chartered-in by us was approximately 10 years. As our fleet ages, we will
incur increased costs. Due to improvements in engine technology, older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient and more costly
to maintain than more recently constructed vessels. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making older
vessels less desirable to charterers.
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Governmental safety, environmental regulations or other equipment standards related to the age of tankers and other types of
vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment to our vessels to comply with safety or
environmental laws or regulations that may be enacted in the future. These laws or regulations may also restrict the type of
activities in which our vessels may engage or prohibit operation in certain geographic regions. We cannot predict what
alterations or modifications our vessels may be required to undergo as a result of requirements that may be promulgated in the
future, or that as our vessels age market conditions will justify any required expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels
profitably during the remainder of their useful lives.
There are risks associated with the purchase and operation of second-hand vessels.
Our current business strategy includes additional growth through the acquisition of both newbuildings and second-hand
vessels. Although we generally inspect second-hand vessels prior to purchase, this does not normally provide us with the same
knowledge about the vessels' condition that we would have had if such vessels had been built for and operated exclusively by
us. Therefore, our future operating results could be negatively affected if the vessels do not perform as we expect. Also, we do
not receive the benefit of warranties from the builders if the vessels we buy are older than one to two years.
Changes in our dividend policy could adversely affect holders of our common shares.
Risks Relating to Our Company
Any dividend that we declare is at the discretion of our Board of Directors. We cannot assure you that our dividend will not be
reduced or eliminated in the future. Our profitability and corresponding ability to pay dividends is substantially affected by
amounts we receive through charter hire and profit-sharing payments from our charterers. Our entitlement to profit sharing
payments, if any, is based on the financial performance of our vessels which is outside of our control. If our charter hire and
profit-sharing payments decrease substantially, we may not be able to continue to pay dividends at present levels, or at all. We
are also subject to contractual limitations on our ability to pay dividends pursuant to certain debt agreements, and we may agree
to additional limitations in the future. Additional factors that could affect our ability to pay dividends include statutory and
contractual limitations on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, including under current or future debt
arrangements.
We depend on our charterers, including companies which are affiliated with us, for our operating cash flows and for our
ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and repay our outstanding borrowings.
Two of the tanker vessels in our fleet are chartered to a subsidiary of Frontline, namely Frontline Shipping. During 2021 we had
two of our drilling units on charter to Seadrill. Please see “Item 5.B.—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt in Associated
Companies.” for more information including in respect of the expected redelivery of the drilling unit West Hercules in the
second half of 2022 and the changes to the chartering and management structure of the West Linus. In addition, during 2021, we
had eight dry bulk carriers chartered to Golden Ocean Trading Limited, or the Golden Ocean Charterer. In addition, we own
fully or partially 14 container vessels on long-term bareboat charters to MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. and its
affiliate Conglomerate Shipping Ltd. (“MSC”) and 15 container vessels on long-term time charters to Maersk A/S (“Maersk”),
and multiple other assets chartered to a number of counterparties. Our other vessels that have charters attached to them are
chartered to other customers under short, medium or long term time and bareboat charters.
The charter hire payments that we receive from our customers constitute substantially all of our operating cash flows.
19
The performance under the current leases with the charterers of our drilling units is guaranteed by Seadrill. The performance
under the charters with the Golden Ocean Charterer is guaranteed by Golden Ocean Group Limited, or Golden Ocean. If
Frontline Shipping, the charterers of our drilling units, the Golden Ocean Charterer or any of our other charterers are unable to
make charter hire payments to us, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected and
we may not have cash available to pay dividends to our shareholders and to repay our outstanding borrowings. A significant
portion of our net income and operating cash flows are generated from our leases with the charterers of our drilling units, and a
termination of these leases may have a material adverse effect on our earnings and profitability, and our ability to pay dividends
to our shareholders. Please refer to the Risk Factor below - “Our arrangements with the charterers of our drilling rigs are in
transition and the failure of the charterers of our drilling rigs to meet their obligations to us under our lease agreements, or
material change to the terms of such agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows, ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and compliance with covenants in our
credit facilities.” for further discussion.
We have two very large crude oil carriers, or VLCCs, on long term charters to Frontline Shipping and in which performance
under the charters is not guaranteed by Frontline. With the current depressed tanker market, there is a significant risk that
Frontline Shipping may not have sufficient funds to fulfil their obligations under the charters, which may have an adverse effect
on our earnings and profitability, and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.
The amount of profit-sharing payment we receive under our charters with Frontline Shipping, the Golden Ocean Charterer,
and other charterers, if any, may depend on prevailing spot market rates, which are volatile.
Some of our tanker vessels operate under time charters to Frontline Shipping. These charter contracts provide for base charter
hire and additional profit-sharing payments when Frontline Shipping's earnings from deploying our vessels exceed certain
levels. The majority of our vessels chartered to Frontline Shipping are sub-chartered by them in the spot market, which is
subject to greater volatility than the long-term time charter market, and the amount of future profit sharing payments that we
receive, if any, will be primarily dependent on the strength of the spot market.
We have eight Capesize dry bulk carriers employed under time charters to the Golden Ocean Charterer. These charter contracts
provide for base charter hire and additional profit-sharing payments when the Golden Ocean Charterer's earnings from
deploying our vessels exceed certain levels. The majority of our vessels chartered to the Golden Ocean Charterer are sub-
chartered by them in the spot market, which is subject to greater volatility than the long-term time charter market, and the
amount of future profit sharing payments we receive, if any, will be primarily dependent on the strength of the spot market.
We cannot assure you that we will receive any profit-sharing payments for any periods in the future, which may have an
adverse effect on our results and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends in the future.
The amount of fuel saving payment we receive under our charters with Maersk, if any, depends on prevailing fuel costs,
which are volatile.
In May 2019 and January 2020, we agreed to install scrubbers on seven vessels for an estimated aggregate amount of $45.2
million, in return for receiving a share of the fuel savings expected to be achieved by the charterer, Maersk. The installation of
scrubbers was completed in 2020 and 2021. As part of the charter agreements, we receive a share of the fuel savings, dependent
on the price difference between IMO compliant fuel and IMO non-compliant fuel that is subsequently made compliant by the
scrubbers.
We cannot assure you that we will receive any fuel saving payments for any periods in the future, which may have an adverse
effect on our results and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends in the future.
20
The charter-free market values of our vessels and drilling units may decrease, which could limit the amount of funds that we
can borrow or trigger breaches in certain financial covenants in our current or future credit facilities and we may incur a
loss if we sell vessels or drilling units following a decline in their charter-free market value. This could affect future
dividend payments.
We are generally prohibited from selling our vessels or drilling units during periods which they are subject to charters without
the charterer's consent, and may therefore be unable to take advantage of increases in vessel or drilling unit values during such
times. Conversely, if the charterers were to default under the charters due to adverse market conditions, causing a termination of
the charters, it is likely that the charter-free market value of our vessels and drilling units would also be depressed. The charter-
free market values of our vessels and drilling units have experienced high volatility in recent years.
The charter-free market value of our vessels and drilling units may increase and decrease depending on a number of factors
including, but not limited to, the prevailing level of charter rates and day rates, general economic and market conditions
affecting the international shipping and offshore drilling industries, types, sizes and ages of vessels and drilling units, supply
and demand for vessels and drilling units, availability of or developments in other modes of transportation, competition from
other shipping companies, cost of newbuildings, governmental or other regulations and technological advances.
In addition, as vessels and drilling units grow older, they generally decline in value. If the charter-free market values of our
vessels and drilling units decline, we may not be in compliance with certain provisions of our credit facilities and we may not
be able to refinance our debt, obtain additional financing or make distributions to our shareholders. Additionally, if we sell one
or more of our vessels or drilling units at a time when vessel and drilling unit prices have fallen and before we have recorded an
impairment adjustment to our consolidated financial statements, the sale price may be less than the vessel's or drilling unit's
carrying value on our consolidated financial statements, resulting in a loss and a reduction in earnings. Furthermore, if vessel
and drilling unit values fall significantly, we may have to record an impairment adjustment in our financial statements, which
could adversely affect our financial results and condition.
Volatility in the international shipping and offshore markets may cause our counterparties on contracts to fail to meet their
obligations which could cause us to suffer losses or otherwise adversely affect our business.
From time to time, we enter into, among other things, charter parties with our customers, newbuilding contracts with shipyards,
credit facilities with banks, guarantees, interest rate swap agreements, and currency swap agreements, total return bond swaps,
and total return equity swaps. Such agreements subject us to counterparty risks. The ability and willingness of each of our
counterparties to perform their obligations under a contract with us will depend on a number of factors that are beyond our
control. As a result, our revenues and results of operations may be adversely affected. These factors include:
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global and regional economic and political conditions;
supply and demand for oil and refined petroleum products, which is affected by, among other things, competition from
alternative sources of energy;
supply and demand for energy resources, commodities, semi-finished and finished consumer and industrial products;
developments in international trade;
changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, including changes in the distances that cargoes are transported;
environmental concerns and regulations;
weather;
the number of newbuilding deliveries;
the improved fuel efficiency of newer vessels;
the recycling rate of older vessels; and
changes in production of crude oil, particularly by OPEC and other key producers.
Tanker charter rates also tend to be subject to seasonal variations, with demand (and therefore charter rates) normally higher in
winter months in the northern hemisphere.
In addition, in depressed market conditions, our charterers and customers may no longer need a vessel or drilling unit that is
currently under charter or contract, or may be able to obtain a comparable vessel or drilling unit at a lower rate. As a result,
charterers and customers may seek to renegotiate the terms of their existing charter parties and drilling contracts, or avoid their
obligations under those contracts. Should a counterparty fail to honor its obligations under agreements with us, we could sustain
significant losses which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows.
21
Certain of our directors, executive officers and major shareholders may have interests that are different from the interests of
our other shareholders.
Certain of our directors, executive officers and major shareholders may have interests that are different from, or are in addition
to, the interests of our other shareholders. In particular, Hemen and certain related companies whose shares are indirectly held
by two trusts settled by Mr. John Fredriksen, for the benefit of his family, own and beneficially own approximately 18.6% of
our issued and outstanding common shares as of March 21, 2022.
Hemen is also a principal shareholder of a number of other large publicly traded companies involved in various sectors of the
shipping and oil services industries (the “Hemen Related Companies”). In addition, certain directors, including Mr. Cordia, Mr.
O'Shaughnessy and Ms. Kathrine Fredriksen, also serve on the boards of one or more of the Hemen Related Companies,
including but not limited to Frontline Limited (NYSE: FRO) (“Frontline”), Golden Ocean Group Limited (NYSE: GOGL)
(“Golden Ocean”), Archer Limited (OSE: ARCHER), Avance Gas Holding Ltd (OSE: AGAS), Northern Drilling Ltd (OSE:
NODL) and ST Energy Transition I Ltd. (NYSE: STET.U). There may be real or apparent conflicts of interest with respect to
matters affecting Hemen and other Hemen Related Companies whose interests in some circumstances may be adverse to our
interests.
To the extent that we do business with or compete with other Hemen Related Companies for business opportunities, prospects
or financial resources, or participate in ventures in which other Hemen Related Companies may participate, these directors and
officers may face actual or apparent conflicts of interest in connection with decisions that could have different implications for
us. These decisions may relate to corporate opportunities, corporate strategies, potential acquisitions of businesses, newbuilding
acquisitions, inter-company agreements, the issuance or disposition of securities, the election of new or additional directors and
other matters. Such potential conflicts may delay or limit the opportunities available to us, and it is possible that conflicts may
be resolved in a manner adverse to us or result in agreements that are less favorable to us than terms that would be obtained in
arm's-length negotiations with unaffiliated third-parties.
The agreements between us and affiliates of Hemen may be less favorable to us than agreements that we could obtain from
unaffiliated third parties.
The charters, management agreements, charter ancillary agreements and the other contractual agreements we have with
companies affiliated with Hemen were made in the context of an affiliated relationship. Although every effort was made to
ensure that such agreements were made on an arm's-length basis, the negotiation of these agreements may have resulted in
prices and other terms that are less favorable to us than terms we might have obtained in arm's-length negotiations with
unaffiliated third parties for similar services.
Hemen and its associated companies' business activities may conflict with our business activities.
While Frontline and Golden Ocean, whose major shareholder is Hemen, have agreed to cause Frontline Shipping and the
Golden Ocean Charterer, respectively, to use their commercial best efforts to employ our vessels on market terms and not to
give preferential treatment in the marketing of any other vessels owned or managed by Frontline and Golden Ocean or its other
affiliates, it is possible that conflicts of interests in this regard will adversely affect us. Under our charter ancillary agreements
with Frontline Shipping, Frontline, the Golden Ocean Charterer and Golden Ocean, we are entitled to receive quarterly profit
sharing payments to the extent that the average daily time charter equivalent ("TCE"), rates realized by Frontline Shipping and
the Golden Ocean Charterer exceed specified levels. Because Frontline, and Golden Ocean also own or manage other vessels in
addition to our fleet, which are not included in the profit sharing calculations, conflicts of interest may arise between us,
Frontline and Golden Ocean in the allocation of chartering opportunities that could limit our fleet's earnings and reduce profit
sharing payments or charter hire due under our charters.
Our shareholders must rely on us to enforce our rights against our contract counterparties.
Holders of our common shares and other securities have no direct right to enforce the obligations of Frontline Shipping,
Frontline Management, Frontline, the Golden Ocean Charterer, Golden Ocean Management, Golden Ocean, the charterers of
our drilling units and Seadrill, or any of our other customers under the charters, or any of the other agreements to which we are
a party. Accordingly, if any of those counterparties were to breach their obligations to us under any of these agreements, our
shareholders would have to rely on us to pursue our remedies against those counterparties.
22
United States tax authorities could treat us as a "passive foreign investment company", which could have adverse United
States federal income tax consequences to United States shareholders.
A foreign corporation will be treated as a "passive foreign investment company," or ("PFIC"), for United States federal income
tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of "passive income" or
(2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's assets produce or are held for the production of those types of "passive
income". For purposes of these tests, "passive income" includes dividends, interest and gains from the sale or exchange of
investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties, which are received from unrelated parties in
connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of
services does not constitute "passive income", but income from bareboat charters does constitute "passive income".
United States shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to
the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in
the PFIC.
Under these rules, if our income from our time charters is considered to be passive rental income, rather than income from the
performance of services, we will be considered to be a PFIC. We believe that it is more likely than not that our income from
time charters will not be treated as passive rental income for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC. Correspondingly,
we believe that the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of such income do not constitute passive
assets for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC. This position is principally based upon the positions that (1) our time
charter income will constitute services income, rather than rental income, and (2) Frontline Management and Golden Ocean
Management, which provide services to certain of our time chartered vessels, will be respected as separate entities from
Frontline Shipping and the Golden Ocean Charterer, with which they are respectively affiliated. We do not believe that we will
be treated as a PFIC for our 2021 taxable year. Nevertheless, for the 2022 taxable year and future taxable years, depending upon
the relative amounts of income we derive from our various assets as well as their relative fair market values, we may be treated
as a PFIC.
Although there is no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our method of operation, there is substantial legal
authority supporting our position consisting of case law and the United States Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"),
pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as services income
for other tax purposes. However, it should be noted that there is also authority that characterizes time charter income as rental
income rather than services income for other tax purposes. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS or a court of
law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no
assurance can be given that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature
and extent of our operations.
If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our United States shareholders will face adverse
United States federal income tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those shareholders make an election available
under United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") (which election could itself have adverse
consequences for such shareholders, as discussed below under "Taxation-United States Federal Income Tax Considerations"),
such shareholders would be liable to pay United States federal income tax at the then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary
income plus interest upon excess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess
distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the shareholder's holding period of our common shares.
We may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings.
Under the Code, 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our
subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States,
may be subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for
exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code and the applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
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We believe that we and each of our subsidiaries qualified for this statutory tax exemption for our taxable year ending on
December 31, 2021 and we will take this position for United States federal income tax return reporting purposes. However,
there are factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause us to lose the benefit of this tax exemption for future taxable
years and thereby become subject to United States federal income tax on our United States source shipping income. For
example, we would no longer qualify for exemption under Section 883 of the Code for a particular taxable year if certain non-
qualified shareholders with a 5% or greater interest in our common shares owned, in the aggregate, 50% or more of our
outstanding common shares for more than half the days during the taxable year. It is possible that we could be subject to this
rule for our taxable year ending on or after December 31, 2022. Due to the factual nature of the issues involved, there can be no
assurances on our tax-exempt status or that of any of our subsidiaries.
If we or our subsidiaries, are not entitled to exemption under Section 883 of the Code for any taxable year, we, or our
subsidiaries, could be subject during those years to an effective 2% United States federal income tax on gross shipping income
derived during such a year that is attributable to the transport of cargoes to or from the United States. The imposition of this tax
would have a negative effect on our business and would result in decreased earnings available for distribution to our
shareholders.
As an exempted company incorporated under Bermuda law, our operations may be subject to economic substance
requirements.
The Economic Substance Act 2018 and the Economic Substance Regulations 2018 of Bermuda (the “Economic Substance Act”
and the “Economic Substance Regulations”, respectively) became operative on December 31, 2018. The Economic Substance
Act applies to every registered entity in Bermuda that engages in a relevant activity and requires that every such entity shall
maintain a substantial economic presence in Bermuda. Relevant activities for the purposes of the Economic Substance Act are
banking business, insurance business, fund management business, financing business, leasing business, headquarters business,
shipping business, distribution and service center business, intellectual property holding business and conducting business as a
holding entity.
The Bermuda Economic Substance Act provides that a registered entity that carries on a relevant activity complies with
economic substance requirements if (a) it is directed and managed in Bermuda, (b) its core income-generating activities (as may
be prescribed) are undertaken in Bermuda with respect to the relevant activity, (c) it maintains adequate physical presence in
Bermuda, (d) it has adequate full time employees in Bermuda with suitable qualifications and (e) it incurs adequate operating
expenditure in Bermuda in relation to the relevant activity.
A registered entity that carries on a relevant activity is obliged under the Bermuda Economic Substance Act to file a declaration
in the prescribed form (the “Declaration”) with the Registrar of Companies (the “Registrar”) on an annual basis.
If we fail to comply with our obligations under the Bermuda Economic Substance Act or any similar law applicable to us in any
other jurisdictions, we could be subject to financial penalties and spontaneous disclosure of information to foreign tax officials
in related jurisdictions and may be struck from the register of companies in Bermuda or such other jurisdiction. Any of these
actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our long-term time or bareboat charters or management agreements with respect to our vessels and rigs employed on
long-term time charters terminate, we could be exposed to increased volatility in our business and financial results, our
revenues could significantly decrease and our operating expenses could significantly increase.
If any of our charters terminate, we may not be able to re-charter those vessels on a long-term basis with terms similar to the
terms of our existing charters, or at all.
The vessels in our fleet that have charters attached to them are generally contracted to a firm period of up to 2034 in addition to
certain optional periods. However, we have granted some of our charterers purchase or early termination options that, if
exercised, may effectively terminate our charters with these customers at an earlier date. One or more of the charters with
respect to our vessels may also terminate in the event of a requisition for title or a loss of a vessel.
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Under our vessel management agreements with Frontline Management and Golden Ocean Management, for fixed management
fees, Frontline Management and Golden Ocean Management are responsible for all of the technical and operational
management of the vessels chartered by Frontline Shipping and the Golden Ocean Charterer, respectively, and will indemnify
us against certain loss of hire and various other liabilities relating to the operation of these vessels. If the relevant charter is
terminated, the corresponding management agreement will also be terminated.
In addition to the two vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping and the eight vessels on charter to Golden Ocean Charterer, we
also have 21 container vessels, two dry bulk carriers, three Suezmax tankers, six product tankers and two car carriers employed
on time charters, and two Suezmax tankers, two chemical tankers and five dry bulk carriers employed in the spot market. The
agreements for the technical and operational management of these vessels are not fixed price agreements, and we cannot assure
you that any further vessels which we may acquire in the future will be operated under fixed price management agreements.
Also in February 2022, we entered into an agreement for the operational management of the West Linus rig with a subsidiary of
Odfjell Drilling Ltd. (“Odfjell”), a leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from
Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. For
additional information please see “Item 5.B.—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt in Associated Companies”. Therefore, to
the extent that we acquire additional vessels, our cash flow could be more volatile in the future and we could be exposed to
increases in our vessel and rig operating expenses, each of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations
and business.
Certain of our vessels and drilling units are subject to purchase options held by the charterer of the vessel or drilling unit,
which, if exercised, could reduce the size of our fleet and reduce our future revenues.
The charter-free market values of our vessels and drilling units are expected to change from time to time depending on a
number of factors including general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping and offshore industries,
competition, cost of vessel or drilling unit construction, governmental or other regulations, prevailing levels of charter rates and
technological changes. We have granted fixed price purchase options to certain of our customers with respect to the vessels and
drilling units they have chartered from us, and these prices may be less than the respective vessel's or drilling unit’s charter-free
market value at the time the option may be exercised. In addition, we may not be able to obtain a replacement vessel or drilling
unit for the price at which we sell the vessel or drilling unit. In such a case, we could incur a loss and a reduction in earnings.
Volatility of LIBOR and potential changes of the use of LIBOR as a benchmark could affect our profitability, earnings and
cash flow.
Movements in interest rates could negatively affect our financial performance given that certain of our current financing
agreements have, and our future financing arrangements may have, floating interest rates, typically based on LIBOR. The
publication of U.S. Dollar LIBOR for the one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR tenors ceased on December 31, 2021,
and the ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, with the support of the United States Federal Reserve and
the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, announced the publication of all other U.S. Dollar LIBOR tenors will
cease on June 30, 2023. The United States Federal Reserve concurrently issued a statement advising banks to cease issuing U.S.
Dollar LIBOR instruments after 2021. As such, any new loan agreements we enter into will not use LIBOR as an interest rate,
and we will need to transition our existing loan agreements from U.S. Dollar LIBOR to an alternative reference rate prior to
June 2023.
In response to the anticipated discontinuation of LIBOR, working groups are converging on alternative reference rates. The
Alternative Reference Rate Committee, a committee convened by the Federal Reserve that includes major market participants,
has proposed an alternative rate to replace U.S. Dollar LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or “SOFR”. At this
time, it is not possible to predict how markets will respond to SOFR or other alternative reference rates. The impact of such a
transition from LIBOR to SOFR or other alternative rates could be significant for us.
In order to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations under LIBOR, SOFR or any other alternative rate, we have and
may from time to time use interest rate derivatives to effectively fix some of our floating rate debt obligations. No assurance
can however be given that the use of these derivative instruments, if any, may effectively protect us from adverse interest rate
movements. The use of interest rate derivatives may affect our results through mark to market valuation of these derivatives.
Also, adverse movements in interest rate derivatives may require us to post cash as collateral, which may impact our free cash
position. Interest rate derivatives may also be impacted by the transition from LIBOR to SOFR or other alternative rates.
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Our financing agreements contain a provision requiring or permitting us to enter into negotiations with our lenders to agree to
an alternative interest rate or an alternative basis for determining the interest rate in anticipation of the cessation of LIBOR.
These clauses present significant uncertainties as to how alternative reference rates or alternative bases for determination of
rates would be agreed upon, as well as the potential for disputes or litigation with our lenders regarding the appropriateness or
comparability to LIBOR of any substitute indices, such as SOFR, and any credit adjustment spread between the two
benchmarks. In the absence of an agreement between us and our lenders, most of our financing agreements provide that LIBOR
would be replaced with some variation of the lenders’ cost-of-funds rate. The discontinuation of LIBOR presents a number of
risks to our business, including volatility in applicable interest rates among our financing agreements, potential increased
borrowing costs for future financing agreements or unavailability of or difficulty in attaining financing, which could in turn
have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flow.
A change in foreign exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our financial position.
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $219.8 million equivalent in senior unsecured bonds denominated in
Norwegian kroner (“NOK”). Although the effect on profitability is managed through the use of currency swaps, liquidity may
be affected during the period of the swap contracts arising from the requirement to pay collateral if the NOK currency rates
move adversely compared to the United States dollar (“USD”). This could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity,
depending on the magnitude of the currency fluctuation.
A change in interest rates could materially and adversely affect our financial performance and financial position.
As of December 31, 2021, we and our consolidated subsidiaries had approximately $1.5 billion in floating rate debt outstanding
under our credit facilities. Although we use interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate exposure and have interest rate
adjustment clauses in some of our chartering agreements, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. For a portion of our
floating rate debt, if interest rates rise, interest payments on our floating rate debt that we have not swapped into effectively
fixed rates would increase.
As of December 31, 2021, we and our consolidated subsidiaries have entered into interest rate swaps which fix the interest on
approximately $0.7 billion of our outstanding indebtedness.
An increase in interest rates could cause us to incur additional costs associated with our debt service, which may materially and
adversely affect our results of operations. Our maximum exposure to interest rate fluctuations on our outstanding debt as of
December 31, 2021 was approximately $0.8 billion, including our equity-accounted subsidiaries. A one percentage change in
interest rates would, based on our estimates, increase or decrease interest rate exposure by approximately $7.5 million per year
as of December 31, 2021. The figure does not take into account that certain of our charter contracts include interest adjustment
clauses, whereby the charter rate is adjusted to reflect the actual interest paid on a deemed outstanding debt related to the assets
on charter. As of December 31, 2021, $0.1 billion of our floating rate debt was subject to such interest adjustment clauses,
including our equity-accounted subsidiaries. None of this was subject to interest rate swaps and the balance of $0.1 billion
remained on a floating rate basis. Our net exposure to floating rate debt is therefore $607.1 million.
The interest rate swaps that have been entered into by us and our subsidiaries are derivative financial instruments that
effectively translate floating rate debt into fixed rate debt. US GAAP requires that these derivatives be valued at current market
prices in our financial statements, with increases or decreases in valuations reflected in results of operations or, if the instrument
is designated as a hedge, in other comprehensive income. Changes in interest rates give rise to changes in the valuations of
interest rate swaps and could adversely affect results of operations and other comprehensive income.
Our liquidity may be affected during the period of the swap contracts arising from the requirement to pay collateral if current
interest rates move significantly adversely compared to the swap interest rates. This could have a material adverse effect on our
liquidity, depending on the magnitude of the fluctuation.
We may have difficulty managing our planned growth properly.
Since our original acquisitions from Frontline, we have expanded and diversified our fleet, and we are performing certain
administrative services through our wholly-owned subsidiaries SFL Management AS, SFL Management (Bermuda) Limited,
SFL Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd and SFL UK Management Ltd.
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We intend to continue to expand our fleet. We continuously evaluate potential transactions, which may include pursuit of other
business combinations, the acquisition of vessels or related businesses, the expansion of our operations, repayment of existing
debt, share repurchases, short term investments or other transactions that we believe will be accretive to earnings, enhance
shareholder value or are in our best interests. Our future growth will primarily depend on our ability to locate and acquire
suitable assets or businesses, identify and consummate acquisitions or joint ventures, obtain required financing, integrate any
acquired vessels and drilling units with our existing operations, enhance our customer base, and manage our expansion.
The growth in the size and diversity of our fleet will continue to impose additional responsibilities on our management, and
may present numerous risks, such as undisclosed liabilities and obligations, difficulty in recruiting additional qualified
personnel and managing relationships with customers and suppliers, and integrating newly acquired operations into existing
infrastructures. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that we will not incur
significant expenses and losses in connection with our future growth.
We are highly leveraged and subject to restrictions in our financing agreements that impose constraints on our operating
and financing flexibility.
We have significant indebtedness outstanding under our senior unsecured convertible notes and our NOK senior unsecured
bonds. We have also entered into loan facilities that we have used to refinance existing indebtedness and to acquire additional
vessels. We may need to refinance some or all of our indebtedness on maturity of our convertible notes, bonds or loan facilities
and to acquire additional vessels in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so on terms acceptable to us or at
all. If we cannot refinance our indebtedness, we will have to dedicate some or all of our cash flows, and we may be required to
sell some of our assets, to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness. In such a case, we may not be able to pay
dividends to our shareholders and may not be able to grow our fleet as planned. We may also incur additional debt in the future.
Our loan facilities and the indentures for our convertible notes and bonds subject us to limitations on our business and future
financing activities, including:
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limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, including issuance of additional guarantees;
limitations on incurrence of liens;
limitations on our ability to pay dividends and make other distributions; and
limitations on our ability to renegotiate or amend our charters, management agreements and other material agreements.
Further, our loan facilities contain financial covenants that require us to, among other things:
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provide additional security under the loan facility or prepay an amount of the loan facility as necessary to maintain the fair
market value of our vessels securing the loan facility at not less than specified percentages (ranging from 100% to 150%)
of the principal amount outstanding under the loan facility;
• maintain available cash on a consolidated basis of not less than $25 million;
• maintain positive working capital on a consolidated basis; and
• maintain a ratio of total liabilities to adjusted total assets of less than 0.80.
Under the terms of our loan facilities, we may not make distributions to our shareholders if we do not satisfy these covenants or
receive waivers from the lenders. We cannot assure you that we will be able to satisfy these covenants in the future.
Due to these restrictions, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in order to engage in some corporate actions. Our
lenders' interests may be different from ours and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain our lenders' permission
when needed. This may prevent us from taking actions that are in our best interests.
Our debt service obligations require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to required payments
on indebtedness and could limit our ability to obtain additional financing, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, and carry
out other general corporate activities in the future. These obligations may also limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting
to, changes in our business and the shipping industry or detract from our ability to successfully withstand a downturn in our
business or the economy generally. This may place us at a competitive disadvantage to other less leveraged competitors.
Furthermore, our debt agreements, including our bond agreements, contain cross-default provisions that may be triggered by a
default under one of our other debt agreements. The cross default provisions imply that a failure by us as guarantor or issuer, to
pay any financial indebtedness above certain thresholds when due, or within any applicable grace period, could result in a
default under our other debt agreements.
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The occurrence of any event of default, or our inability to obtain a waiver from our lenders in the event of a default, could result
in certain or all of our indebtedness being accelerated or the foreclosure of the liens on our vessels by our lenders. If our secured
indebtedness is accelerated in full or in part, it would be very difficult in the current financing environment for us to refinance
our debt or obtain additional financing and we could lose our vessels and other assets securing our credit facilities if our lenders
foreclose their liens, which would adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
Moreover, in connection with any waivers of or amendments to our credit facilities that we have obtained, or may obtain in the
future, our lenders may impose additional operating and financial restrictions on us or modify the terms of our existing credit
facilities. These restrictions may further restrict our ability to, among other things, pay dividends, make capital expenditures or
incur additional indebtedness, including through the issuance of guarantees. Our lenders may also require the payment of
additional fees, require prepayment of a portion of our indebtedness to them, accelerate the amortization schedule for our
indebtedness and increase the interest rates they charge us on our outstanding indebtedness. See "Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects - B. Liquidity and Capital Resources".
In addition, under the terms of our credit facilities, our payment of dividends or other payments to shareholders as well as our
subsidiaries' payment of dividends to us is subject to no event of default having occurred. See "Item 8. Financial Information -
Dividend Policy".
We may be subject to litigation that, if not resolved in our favor and not sufficiently insured against, could have a material
adverse effect on us.
We may be, from time to time, involved in various litigation matters. These matters may include, among other things, contract
disputes, personal injury claims, environmental claims or proceedings, asbestos and other toxic tort claims, employment
matters, governmental claims for taxes or duties, and other litigation that arises in the ordinary course of our business. Although
we intend to defend these matters vigorously, we cannot predict with certainty the outcome or effect of any claim or other
litigation matter, and the ultimate outcome of any litigation or the potential costs to resolve them may have a material adverse
effect on us. Insurance may not be applicable or sufficient in all cases and/or insurers may not remain solvent, which may have
a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Our arrangements with the charterers of our drilling rigs are in transition and the failure of the charterers of our drilling
rigs to meet their obligations to us under our lease agreements, or material change to the terms of such agreements, could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, ability to pay
dividends to our shareholders and compliance with covenants in our credit facilities.
The failure of the charterers of our drilling rigs to meet their respective obligations to us under our existing lease agreements, or
any material changes to the commercial terms of such agreements, including reductions in the charter rates payable to us, or any
material payments that we are required to make under our guarantees or any acceleration of our debt as a result of an event of
default thereunder would likely have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows, ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and compliance with covenants in our credit facilities.
As of December 31, 2021, a significant portion of our net income and operating cash flows was generated from our leases with
subsidiaries of Seadrill, which disclosed on February 10, 2021 that it and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the
Southern District of Texas, USA.
Pursuant to an amendment to our charter agreement with subsidiaries of Seadrill for the West Hercules that we entered into in
August 2021, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major into the second half of 2022, prior to being
redelivered to us in Norway. Following the expiration or early termination of this contract, West Hercules may be offhire for an
indeterminate period of time and we may be required to arrange significant levels of investments to reactivate this drilling rig.
Additionally, in February 2022, we agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the West Linus,
pursuant to which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of our
subsidiaries upon the new operator receiving necessary regulatory approvals.
For additional information please see “Item 5.B.—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt in Associated Companies”.
Reference to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean the Seadrill Charterers until such time that they redeliver the rigs to
us, whereupon references to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean future charterers of such drilling units.
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Risks Relating to Our Common Shares
We are a holding company and depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our
financial obligations.
We are a holding company, and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no
significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries own all of our vessels and drilling units,
and payments under our charter agreements are made to our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make distributions to our
shareholders depends on the performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. The ability of a
subsidiary to make these distributions could be affected by a claim or other action by a third party or by the law of its respective
jurisdiction of incorporation which regulates the payment of dividends by companies. Under the terms of our credit facilities,
we may be restricted from making distributions from our subsidiaries if they are not in compliance with the terms of the
relevant agreements. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries, we may not be able to pay dividends to our
shareholders.
The market price of our common shares may be unpredictable and volatile.
The market price of our common shares has been volatile. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the closing market price of
our common shares ranged from a high of $9.07 on November 12, 2021, to a low of $6.30 on January 6, 2021. The market price
of our common shares may continue to fluctuate due to factors such as actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly and
annual results and those of other public companies in our industry, changes in key management personnel, any reductions in the
payment of our dividends or changes in our dividend policy, mergers and strategic alliances in the shipping and offshore
industries, market conditions in the shipping and offshore industries, changes in government regulation, shortfalls in our
operating results from levels forecast by securities analysts, perceived or actual inability by our chartering counterparts to fully
perform under the charter parties, including the charterers of our drilling units and Frontline Shipping announcements
concerning us or our competitors and the general state of the securities market. The shipping and offshore industries have been
highly unpredictable and volatile. The market for common shares in these industries may be equally volatile. The market
volatility in equities remains high. Therefore, we cannot assure you that you will be able to sell any of our common shares you
may have purchased at a price greater than or equal to its original purchase price, also when adjusted for any dividends.
Additionally, to the extent that the price of our common shares declines, our ability to raise funds through the issuance of
equity, or otherwise using our common shares as consideration, will be reduced.
Future sales of our common shares or conversion of our convertible notes could cause the market price of our common
shares to decline.
The market price of our common shares could decline due to sales of a large number of our shares in the market or the
perception that such sales could occur or conversion of our convertible notes. This could depress the market price of our
common shares and make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem
appropriate, or at all.
Because we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights as a shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have.
We are a Bermuda exempted company. Our Memorandum of Association and Bye-Laws and the Bermuda Companies Act
1981, as amended, govern our affairs. Investors may have more difficulty in protecting their interests and enforcing judgments
in the face of actions by our management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation
incorporated in a United States jurisdiction. Under Bermuda law a director generally owes a fiduciary duty only to the company
and not to the company's shareholders. Our shareholders may not have a direct course of action against our directors. In
addition, Bermuda law does not provide a mechanism for our shareholders to bring a class action lawsuit under Bermuda law.
Further, our Bye-laws provide for the indemnification of our directors or officers against any liability arising out of any act or
omission except for an act or omission constituting fraud, dishonesty or illegality.
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Because our offices and most of our assets are outside the United States, you may not be able to bring suit against us, or
enforce a judgment obtained against us in the United States.
Our executive offices, administrative activities and the majority of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition,
most of our directors and officers are not United States residents. As a result, it may be more difficult for investors to effect
service of process within the United States upon us, or to enforce both in the United States and outside the United States
judgments against us in any action, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal
securities laws.
ITEM 4.
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
The Company
We are SFL Corporation Ltd. a Bermuda-based company incorporated in Bermuda on October 10, 2003, as a Bermuda
exempted company under the Bermuda Companies Law of 1981 (Company No. EC-34296). We are engaged primarily in the
ownership and operation of vessels and offshore related assets, and also involved in the charter, purchase and sale of assets. Our
registered and principal executive offices are located at Par-la-Ville Place, 14 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton, HM 08, Bermuda,
and our telephone number is +1 (441) 295-9500. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC’s
internet site is www.sec.gov. None of the information contained on these websites is incorporated into or forms a part of this
annual report.
We operate through subsidiaries located in Bermuda, Cyprus, Liberia, Norway, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the
Marshall Islands.
We are an international ship owning and chartering company with a large and diverse asset base across the maritime, shipping
and offshore asset classes and business sectors. As of December 31, 2021, our assets consist of six crude oil tankers, 15 dry
bulk carriers, 35 container vessels (including seven leased-in vessels), two car carriers, one jack-up drilling rig, one ultra-
deepwater drilling unit, two chemical tankers, and four oil product tankers included in our wholly owned and partly owned
subsidiaries and associated companies. A further two crude oil tankers and two oil product tankers were delivered between
January 1, 2022 and March 24, 2022.
Our primary objective is to continue to grow our business through accretive acquisitions across a diverse range of marine and
offshore asset classes. In doing so, our strategy is to generate stable and increasing cash flows by chartering our assets primarily
under medium to long-term bareboat or time charters.
History of the Company
We were formed in 2003 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Frontline, a major operator of large crude oil tankers. In 2004,
Frontline distributed 25% of our common shares to its ordinary shareholders in a partial spin off, and our common shares
commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the ticker symbol "SFL" on June 14, 2004.
Frontline subsequently made six further dividends of our shares to its shareholders and its ownership in our Company is now
less than one percent. Our assets at the time consisted of a fleet of Suezmax tankers, VLCCs, and oil/bulk/ore carriers.
Since 2004, we have diversified our asset base and now have eight asset types, which comprise crude oil tankers, chemical
tankers, oil product tankers, container vessels, car carriers, dry bulk carriers, a jack-up drilling rig and an ultra-deepwater
drilling unit. In addition, we have certain financial investments.
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Acquisitions and Disposals
Acquisitions
In the year ended December 31, 2021, we took delivery of the following vessels:
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•
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In April 2021, we entered into an agreement with the Volkswagen Group to build and charter out two newbuild dual-fuel
7,000 CEU car carriers designed to use liquefied natural gas (“LNG”). The charter period is 10 years from delivery in
2023, and until the new vessels are delivered, the Volkswagen Group has chartered the two existing car carriers SFL
Composer and SFL Conductor.
In August 2021, we acquired and took delivery of the 2013-built SFL Maui and the 2014-built SFL Hawaii, both with
approximately 6,800 TEU carrying capacity. Upon delivery, the vessels each immediately commenced a six year time
charter to Maersk.
Also in August 2021, we entered into an agreement with Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd. (“K Line”) to build and charter out
two additional newbuild dual-fuel 7,000 CEU car carriers designed to use LNG. The charter period is 10 years from
delivery of the vessels in 2024.
In September 2021, we acquired and took delivery of the 2020-built Maersk Zambezi which has a 5,300 TEU carrying
capacity. Upon delivery, the vessel was chartered to Maersk on a time charter basis for approximately seven years.
In September 2021, we also acquired and took delivery of another two container vessels with 14,000 TEU carrying
capacity, the 2013-built, Thalassa Patris and the 2014-built, Thalassa Elpida. Both vessels were on time charter to
Evergreen Marine Corporation (Taiwan) Ltd (“Evergreen”) and we agreed to continue the obligations on these existing
charterers. The two vessels are sister vessels to the four existing vessels we already had on charter to Evergreen.
In December 2021, we acquired and took delivery of the 2019-built Suezmax tanker Marlin Santorini. Upon delivery, the
vessel commenced a five year time charter to Trafigura Maritime Logistics Pte. Ltd (“Trafigura”).
In December 2021, we acquired and took delivery of two 2015-built LR2 product tankers Front Puma and Front Tiger.
Upon delivery, the vessels each commenced a five year time charter to Trafigura.
In the period between January 1, 2022 and March 24, 2022, we took delivery of the following vessels:
•
•
In January 2022, we acquired and took delivery of two LR2 product tankers Front Lion and Front Panther, built in 2014
and 2015 respectively. Upon delivery, the vessels commenced a five year charter to Trafigura.
In January 2022 and February 2022, we acquired and took delivery of two 2019-built Suezmax tankers, Marlin Sicily and
Marlin Shikoku, respectively. Upon delivery, the vessels commenced a five year charter to Trafigura.
Disposals
In the year ended December 31, 2021, we disposed of the following vessels and drilling units:
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In August and September 2021, we redelivered 15 vintage feeder container vessels, which were accounted for as 'direct
financing leases' and three vintage feeder container vessels previously classified as 'leaseback assets' to MSC following
exercise of the applicable purchase options in the charter contracts. Net proceeds of $82.0 million were received and debt
of $42.1 million was repaid in connection with this transaction.
In September 2021, we delivered the drilling unit West Taurus to Rota Shipping Inc. for recycling for net proceeds of $3.0
million. The recycling of the unit was in accordance with the European Ship Recycling Regulation.
In September 2021, we agreed to sell seven Handysize dry bulk carriers to an unrelated party based in Asia for net sale
proceeds of $97.7 million. All seven vessels were delivered to the buyer between October 2021 and December 2021.
We have not disposed of any vessels in the period between January 1, 2022 and March 24, 2022.
Corporate Debt and Lease Debt Financing
In January 2021, we bought back approximately $2.0 million of the 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023 at a
discount. We had an outstanding aggregate principal balance of $137.9 million in respect to this debt after the repurchase.
In May 2021, we issued $150 million in senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026. The bonds pay a coupon of
7.25% per annum, and net proceeds were used to refinance existing bonds and for general corporate purposes.
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In May and July 2021, we bought back approximately $67.6 million of the 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
at a total cost of $68.6 million. The repurchase was made from surplus cash from the issuance of the new $150 million
sustainability-linked bond and as a result of favorable market conditions. The repurchased bonds were not resold but held in
treasury until they were extinguished when the bonds matured in October 2021.
In September 2021, we entered into a sale and leaseback transaction via a Japanese Operating Lease with Call Option financing
structure for $130.0 million for the financing of the two newly acquired 6,800 TEU container vessels. The vessels were sold
and leased back for a term of six years, with options to purchase each vessel at the end of the fifth and sixth year. The
transaction did not qualify as a sale and has been recorded as a financing arrangement. The lease debt financing carry interest of
2.5% per annum.
As of December 31, 2021, we held 1.4 million shares of Frontline which were subject to a forward contract that expired in
January of 2022, and has subsequently been rolled over to July 2022. The transaction is accounted for as shares recorded in
'Investment in debt and Equity securities' pledged to creditors and a liability recorded in short-term debt of $15.6 million related
to this contract as of December 31, 2021. We are required to post collateral which was held as restricted cash as of
December 31, 2021.
Share Options
In the year ended December 31, 2021, 129,000 options were exercised, and we made a cash payment of $0.1 million in lieu of
issuing shares under the Option Scheme.
In May 2021, we awarded a total of 480,000 options to officers, employees and directors, pursuant to the Option Scheme. The
options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable from May 2022 onwards.
The initial strike price was $8.79 per share.
In February 2022, we awarded a total of 435,000 options to officers, employees and directors, pursuant to the Option Scheme.
The options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable from February 2023
onwards. The initial strike price was $8.73 per share.
Charter Extensions and Changes
In June 2021, we entered into a side letter agreement with Evergreen whereby we agreed to pay Evergreen a daily amount of
$800 per vessel (adjusted for off-hire and basis hire), with effect from May 1, 2021 and until the remaining charter period, in
return for Evergreen waiving the charterer’s option to extend the term of the time charter for a further 18 months.
In June and November 2021, the bareboat charter agreements of our chemical tankers expired and the two tankers were
redelivered to us. The two chemical tankers are currently operating in the spot market.
In November 2021, we agreed to renew the time charter contract on one 1,700 TEU container vessel on charter to Maersk. The
new charter extends the charter period until 2025 at a revised charter hire.
In March 2022, we agreed to charter six 14,000 TEU container vessels to a leading container operator for a fixed period of
approximately five years. The new charter is expected to commence between 2023 and 2024 when the vessels are redelivered
following completion of their existing charter party to another Asian based liner company.
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Seadrill Charters, Associate Debt and Consolidation
SFL Hercules Ltd (“SFL Hercules”) and SFL Linus Ltd (“SFL Linus”) each own the drilling units West Hercules and West
Linus respectively. These units are leased to subsidiaries of Seadrill Limited (“Seadrill”), a related party. SFL Deepwater Ltd
(“SFL Deepwater”) owned the drilling unit West Taurus, which was also on charter to a subsidiary of Seadrill until the first
quarter of 2021. Because the main assets of SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and SFL Linus were the subject of leases which
each include both fixed price call options and a fixed price purchase obligation or put option, they were previously determined
to be variable interest entities in which the Company was not the primary beneficiary and therefore accounted for as
investments in associated companies. During 2021, and following amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan
facility agreements, SFL Hercules was determined to no longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August
27, 2021 when the amendments were approved by the applicable bankruptcy court (see below). With regards to SFL Linus and
SFL Deepwater, the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of the two subsidiaries in October 2020, following
changes to their financing agreements and as a result of defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, from October 2020 these two
subsidiaries were consolidated by the Company.
Pursuant to an amendment to our charter agreement with subsidiaries of Seadrill for the West Hercules that we entered into in
August 2021, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major into the second half of 2022, prior to being
redelivered to us in Norway. Following the expiration or early termination of this contract, West Hercules may be offhire for an
indeterminate period of time and we may be required to arrange significant levels of investments to reactivate this drilling rig.
Additionally, in February 2022, we agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the West Linus,
pursuant to which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of our
subsidiaries upon the new operator receiving necessary regulatory approvals.
For additional information please see “Item 5.B.—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt in Associated Companies”.
Reference to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean the Seadrill Charterers until such time that they redeliver the rigs to
us, whereupon references to the charterers of our drilling units shall mean future charterers of such drilling units.
Please also refer to Risk Factor regarding Our arrangements with the charterers of our drilling rigs are in transition and the
failure of the charterers of our drilling rigs to meet their obligations to us under our lease agreements, or material change to
the terms of such agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows, ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and compliance with covenants in our credit
facilities.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan ("DRIP") and At-the-Market Sales Agreement ("ATM")
In April, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized a renewal of our dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, to facilitate
investments by individual and institutional shareholders who wish to invest dividend payments received on shares owned, or
other cash amounts, in SFL’s common shares on a regular or one time basis, or otherwise. On May 1, 2020, the Company filed
a registration statement on Form F-3D (Registration No. 333-237970) to register the sale of up to 10,000,000 common shares
pursuant to the DRIP. If certain waiver provisions in the DRIP are requested and granted pursuant to the terms of the plan, we
may grant additional share sales to investors, from time to time, up to the amount registered under the plan.
In May 2020, we entered into an equity distribution agreement with BTIG LLC ("BTIG") under which the Company may, from
time to time, offer and sell new ordinary shares having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million through an ATM.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued and sold 10.7 million shares under these arrangements and total net
proceeds of $89.4 million were received by us.
Dividends
On February 17, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.15 per share which was paid in cash on
or around March 30, 2021 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2021.
On May 12, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.15 per share, which was paid in cash on or
around June 29, 2021 to shareholders of record as of June 14, 2021.
On August 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.15 per share, which was paid in cash on
or around September 29, 2021 to shareholders of record as of September 15, 2021.
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On November 10, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.18 per share, which was paid in cash
on or around December 29, 2021 to shareholders of record as of December 15, 2021.
On February 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.20 per share which will be paid in cash
on or around March 29, 2022 to shareholders of record as of March 16, 2022.
Other Income
In March 2021, we received a capital dividend of approximately $8.8 million from ADS Maritime Holding following the sale of
its remaining two vessels. Also in March 2021, we sold our remaining shares in ADS Maritime Holding for consideration of
approximately $0.8 million.
COVID-19 Pandemic
Since the beginning of the calendar year 2020, efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19 have caused restrictions on the
movement of people and affected business operations worldwide including, but not limited to, supply chains, trade, employees
(including the risk of sickness and crew change restrictions), travel including port restrictions and border closures, financial
markets and commodity prices. The Company’s business has been and could in the future again be materially and adversely
affected by this pandemic and the Company is unable to reasonably predict the estimated length or severity of the COVID-19
pandemic on future operating results.
In response to the pandemic, many countries, ports and organizations, including those where the Company conducts a large part
of its operations, implemented measures to combat the pandemic, such as quarantines and travel restrictions. Though these
measures have in large part been relaxed, to the extent governments determine to reinstate similar measures in the future as a
result of any resurgence or worsening of the pandemic, this could cause severe trade disruptions. The extent to which
COVID-19 will impact the Company's results of operations and financial condition, including possible vessel impairments, will
depend on future developments including, among others, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the
virus, any resurgence of the virus, the actions to contain or treat its impact, others and the length of time that the pandemic
continues and whether subsequent waves of the infection happen, including as a result of vaccination rates among the
population, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and the response by governmental bodies and regulators.
As of March 24, 2022, the Company is still experiencing a high degree of crew change logistical challenges in connection with
the COVID-19 outbreak. There are still several jurisdictions that limit and/or prohibit the change of crew resulting in continuing
higher operating costs and time delays.
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Our Business Strategies
Our primary objectives are to profitably grow our business and increase long-term distributable cash flow per share by pursuing
the following strategies:
(1) Expand our asset base. We have increased, and intend to further increase, the size of our asset base through timely and
selective acquisitions of additional assets and businesses that we believe will be accretive to long-term distributable cash
flow per share. We will seek to expand our asset base through various transactions including, placing newbuilding
orders, acquiring second-hand vessels and entering into short, medium or long-term charter arrangements. We also make
financial investments or provide loans secured by vessels, rigs and or other assets in the wider maritime industry. From
time to time we may also acquire vessels with no or limited initial charter coverage. We believe that by entering into
newbuilding contracts or acquiring second-hand vessels or rigs we can provide for long-term growth of our assets. We
may also seek new investment opportunities, including technologies and assets with a positive impact on the
environment with an overall aim of reducing the Company’s carbon footprint in line with the UN sustainable
development goals.
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(2) Diversify our asset base. Since 2004, we have diversified our asset base and now have the following asset types, which
comprise crude oil tankers, chemical tankers, oil product tankers, container vessels, car carriers, dry bulk carriers, a jack-
up drilling rig and an ultra-deepwater drilling unit. We believe that there are other attractive markets that could provide
us with the opportunity to further diversify our asset base. These markets include vessels and other assets that are of
long-term strategic importance to certain operators in the shipping maritime and offshore industries. We believe that the
expertise and relationships of our management, together with our relationship and affiliation with Mr. John Fredriksen,
could provide us with incremental opportunities to expand our asset base.
(3) Expand and diversify our customer relationships. Since 2004, we have increased our customer base from one to more
than 10 customers. Of these long term customers, Frontline Shipping and Golden Ocean are related parties. We intend to
continue to expand our relationships with our existing customers and also to add new customers, as companies servicing
the international shipping, maritime and offshore oil exploration and production markets continue to expand their use of
chartered-in assets to add capacity. From February 2022, Seadrill was determined to no longer be a related party
following its emergence from bankruptcy (see Item 7.B.—Related Party Transactions).
(4) Pursue medium to long-term fixed-rate charters. We intend to continue to pursue medium to long-term fixed rate
charters, which provide us with stable future cash flows. Our customers typically employ long-term charters for strategic
expansion as most of their assets are typically of strategic importance to certain operating pools, established trade routes
or dedicated oil-field installations. We believe that we will be well positioned to participate in their growth. In addition,
we will also seek to enter into charter agreements that are shorter and provide for profit sharing, so that we can generate
incremental revenue and share in the upside during strong markets.
Our Environmental, Social and Governance Efforts
SFL relies on the SASB framework for our sector to facilitate the monitoring of material ESG issues. We strive to incorporate
the UN Global Compact Principles in our operations in general, as well as in our ESG management system, as more fully
described below.
To aid us in prioritizing our sustainability efforts, we conducted a materiality analysis in 2020. Our review of potentially
material topics followed the GRI Materiality Standard (GRI 3, 2021), considering the severity and likelihood of the impacts of
our operations. Our ESG priorities also take into consideration those which are financially material, and we are guided by the
SASB Marine Transportation Standard (2018) in this regard. The following topics have been considered by the Board of
Directors and are deemed material for inclusion in the ESG report:
Direct GHG emissions
Low carbon energy sources
Climate-related risks
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• Marine casualties involving crew
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Corruption risk
Ship recycling
Spills and releases
Compliance training and training on board our vessels
In 2021, SFL has established specific targets for the material areas pinpointed in the assessment described above. In particular,
SFL will continue to develop its strategy to address direct emissions and associated climate-related risks.
Our Corporate Code of Business Ethics and Conduct is established by the Board of Directors. The Board works to ensure that
we have sufficient internal control and risk management systems in place, which encompass our corporate values and ethical
guidelines, including the guidelines for corporate social responsibility. The Board routinely considers critical ESG issues, and
in line with our Code of Conduct any significant incidents are reported directly to the Board. The Board also reviews our annual
ESG report, which sets forth our ESG strategy and goals, and report on our ESG performance across all our business
operations. All of our ESG Reports may be found on our website at https://www.sflcorp.com/esg/. The information on our
website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report.
Together with industry peers such as Avance Gas, Flex LNG, Frontline and Golden Ocean, we have established an ESG forum,
the goal of which is to design industry leading approaches to ESG risk management and reporting parameters.
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We also support the following initiatives: The Neptune Declaration, the Maritime Anti-Corruption Network (“MACN”), the
Clean Shipping Alliance, and the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (“Intertanko”). We also comply with
the requirements of Oil Companies International Marine Forum (“OCIMF”).
Environmental Priorities
Monitoring and Management
At SFL, we are examining ways to manage our environmental impact. in order to better protect the environment, the sector, our
customers and our own business. Our Environmental Policy describes our commitment to environmental due diligence and how
spills and operational emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, waste and other discharges are to be managed.
In 2021, we unveiled out a digital platform to track vessel fuel efficiency. We believe live tracking our vessels’ emissions and
energy consumption is an important tool to monitor energy efficiency and emissions in accordance with regulations and our
own targets.
Decarbonisation
We see decarbonisation as a strategic priority going forward; this addresses our direct emissions, climate-related risks of
regulatory changes, evolving expectations from our customers, as well as access to cost efficient capital. The energy mix in our
fleet is dependent on available technologies.
Social Priorities
We believe that providing safe and healthy labour conditions, a supportive environment and opportunities for employees to
develop within the Company are key to the well-being of our staff and fundamental to the long-term success of SFL.
Labour Rights and Working Conditions
In addition to securing our workers’ health and safety, we seek to ensure that our employees, onshore and offshore, are working
under conditions that meet the requirements set out in the International Labour Conventions and the Maritime Labour
Convention. As part of safeguarding seafarers labour rights, these conventions include the right to collective bargaining
agreements, and that no employee is discriminated based on nationality, race or any other basis.
Diversity
Our policies prohibit discrimination against any employee or any other person on the basis of sex, race, colour, age, religion,
sexual preference, marital status, national origin, disability, ancestry, political opinion, or any other basis. We are an
international company with shipboard employees from across the world. While our shipboard employees are predominantly
male, women make up 50 per cent of our onshore employees.
Human Rights
We are committed to respecting and protecting internationally recognised human rights as laid out in the UN Guiding Principles
on Business and Human Rights (“UNGP”). We are an international company with suppliers from all over the world. We strive
to have and update the necessary policies, due diligence processes and access to remedy in line with the UNGP.
Governance Priorities
SFL has a risk-based approach to compliance and has established policies and procedures which clearly set out how we manage
ESG issues. Implementing these policies and procedures mitigates our risks and any negative ESG impacts. All policies and
procedures were updated in 2021. Our ESG management system is complemented by annual risk assessments, integrity due
diligence, training of employees, third party audits, internal systems and controls – such as internal compliance testing,
remediation and investigations. In 2021, we conducted a full Compliance Risk Assessment in order to adequately address the
compliance risks SFL is exposed to.
Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption
Commitment to honest and ethical conduct and integrity are key values for SFL. These values are embedded in our way of
working with customers, business partners, employees, shareholders and the communities in which we operate. We have a zero-
tolerance policy towards bribery as stated in our Corporate Code of Business Ethics and Conduct and Financial Crime Policy,
which applies to all entities controlled by SFL’s officers, directors, employees as well as workers and third-party consultants,
wherever they are located. Our implemented enterprise-wide anti-corruption and money laundering policies are modelled on the
UK Bribery Act and US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”).
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Assessing and monitoring business processes, training and controls are fundamental tools in implementing our anticorruption
policy. As part of our compliance processes, appropriate risk-based communication and training are provided to employees as
part of their onboarding and ongoing development programme.
See further details contained in our latest Environmental Social Governance Report, which may be found on our website at
https://www.sflcorp.com/esg/. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report.
Customers
As of March 24, 2022, our customers includes, among others, Frontline Shipping Limited (“Frontline Shipping”), Seadrill
Limited (“Seadrill”), Golden Ocean Group Limited (“Golden Ocean”), Hyundai Glovis Co. Ltd. (“Hyundai Glovis”), Sinotrans
Shipping Limited (“Sinotrans”), Maersk A/S (“Maersk”), Maersk Sealand Pte Ltd, MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company
S.A. and its affiliate Conglomerate Shipping Ltd. (“MSC”), ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS (“ConocoPhillips”), Phillips 66
Company (“Phillips 66”), Landbridge Group Co. Ltd and its subsidiaries (“Landbridge”), Evergreen Marine Corporation
(Taiwan) Ltd. and its affiliate Evergreen Marine (Singapore) Pte Ltd (“Evergreen”), Volkswagen Konzernlogistik Gmbh Co.
OHG Wolfsburg (“Volkswagen”), Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd. (“K Line”), Trafigura Maritime Logistics Pte Ltd (“Trafigura”)
and Hapag-Lloyd AG (“Hapag-Lloyd”).
In the year ended December 31, 2021:
•
•
•
•
•
Two VLCC crude tankers leased to Frontline Shipping accounted for approximately 2% of our consolidated operating
revenues (2020: 6%, 2019: 4%).
Eight Capesize dry bulk carriers leased to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean accounted for approximately 12% of our
consolidated operating revenues (2020: 11%, 2019: 11%).
28 container vessels on long-term bareboat charters to MSC accounted for approximately 2% of our consolidated
operating revenues (2020: 13%, 2019: 14%). 18 of these vessels were sold and redelivered to MSC in August 2021
and September 2021 following exercise of the applicable purchase options.
15 container vessels on long-term time charters to Maersk accounted for approximately 32% of our consolidated
operating revenues (2020: 29%; 2019: 30%).
Six container vessels on time charter to Evergreen accounted for approximately 15% of our consolidated operating
revenues (2020: 15%, 2019: 14%).
Our income earned from Seadrill was earned from drilling units leased to Seadrill through two wholly owned subsidiaries
which were previously accounted for using the equity method. One of the subsidiaries was consolidated from October 2020 and
the second subsidiary from August 2021. (See details in risk factors and history and developments above). In the year ended
December 31, 2021, income from the one remaining associated company chartered to Seadrill and consolidated from August
2021, accounted for approximately 2% of our net income (2020: 7% of net loss from three associated companies, 2019: 35% of
net income from three associated companies). Also, in the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from subsidiaries that were
consolidated and leased rigs to Seadrill, accounted for approximately 6% of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 1% in
relation to one drilling unit, 2019: 0% none).
Competition
We currently operate in several sectors of the maritime, shipping and offshore industries, including oil transportation, dry bulk
shipments, chemical transportation, oil products transportation, container transportation, car transportation and drilling rigs.
The markets for international seaborne oil transportation services, dry bulk transportation services, container and car
transportation services are highly fragmented and competitive. Seaborne oil transportation services are generally provided by
two main types of operators: major oil companies or captive fleets (both private and state-owned) and independent shipowner
fleets.
In addition, several owners and operators pool their vessels together on an ongoing basis, and such pools are available to
customers to the same extent as independently owned and operated fleets. Many major oil companies and other commodity
carriers also operate their own vessels and use such vessels not only to transport their own cargoes but also to transport cargoes
for third parties, in direct competition with independent owners and operators.
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Container vessels and car carriers are generally operated by logistics companies, where the vessels are used as an integral part
of their services. Therefore, container vessels and car carriers are typically chartered more on a period basis and single voyage
chartering is less common. As the market has grown significantly over recent decades, we expect in the future to see more
vessels chartered by logistics companies on a shorter term basis, particularly smaller vessels, however this will vary depending
on market conditions and the availability of vessels.
Our jack-up drilling rig and our ultra-deepwater drilling unit are sub-chartered out on charters to oil majors. Jack-up drilling
rigs and ultra-deepwater drilling units are normally chartered by oil companies on a shorter-term basis linked to area-specific
well drilling or oil exploration activities, but there have also been longer period charters available when oil companies want to
cover their longer term requirements for such rigs. Ultra-deepwater semi-submersible drilling rigs are self-propelled, and can
therefore easily move between geographic areas. Jack-up drilling rigs are not self-propelled, but it is common to move these
assets over long distances on heavy-lift vessels. Therefore, the markets and competition for these rigs are effectively world-
wide.
Competition for charters in all the above sectors is intense and is based upon price, location, size, age, specifications, condition
and acceptability of the vessel/rig and its technical and commercial managers. Competition is also affected by the availability of
other sized vessels/rigs to compete in the trades in which we engage. Most of our existing vessels are chartered at fixed rates on
a long-term basis and are thus not directly affected by competition in the short-term. However, tankers chartered to Frontline
Shipping and dry bulk carriers chartered to the Golden Ocean Charterer are subject to profit sharing agreements, which are
affected by competition experienced by the charterers.
Environmental and Other Regulations in the Shipping Industry
Government regulation and laws significantly affect the ownership and operation of our fleet. We are subject to international
conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may
operate or are registered relating to safety and health and environmental protection including the storage, handling, emission,
transportation and discharge of hazardous and non-hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination and liability for
damage to natural resources. Compliance with such laws, regulations and other requirements entails significant expense,
including vessel modifications and implementation of certain operating procedures.
A variety of government and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities
include the local port authorities (applicable national authorities such as the USCG, harbor master or equivalent), classification
societies, flag state administrations (countries of registry) and charterers, particularly terminal operators. Certain of these
entities require us to obtain permits, licenses, certificates and other authorizations for the operation of our vessels. Failure to
maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or result in the temporary suspension of the
operation of one or more of our vessels.
Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to stricter environmental standards. We are
required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance,
continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States and international regulations. We believe that
the operation of our vessels is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that our vessels
have all material permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations necessary for the conduct of our operations. However,
because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly stricter requirements, we cannot predict the
ultimate cost of complying with these requirements, or the impact of these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of
our vessels. In addition, a future serious marine incident that causes significant adverse environmental impact could result in
additional legislation or regulation that could negatively affect our profitability.
Flag State
The flag state, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is responsible for implementing and
enforcing a broad range of international maritime regulations with respect to all ships granted the right to fly its flag. The
“Shipping Industry Guidelines on Flag State Performance” evaluates flag states based on factors such as ratification,
implementation and enforcement of principal international maritime treaties, supervision of surveys, compliance with
International Labour Organization reporting, and participation at IMO meetings. Our vessels and rigs are flagged in Liberia, the
Marshall Islands, Panama, Hong Kong and Norway.
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International Maritime Organization
The International Maritime Organization, the United Nations agency for maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by
vessels (the “IMO”), has adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by
the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, collectively referred to as MARPOL 73/78 and herein as “MARPOL,” the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 (“SOLAS Convention”), and the International Convention on Load Lines of
1966 (the “LL Convention”). MARPOL establishes environmental standards relating to oil leakage or spilling, garbage
management, sewage, air emissions, handling and disposal of noxious liquids and the handling of harmful substances in
packaged forms. MARPOL is applicable to dry bulk, tanker and LNG carriers, among other vessels, and is broken into six
Annexes, each of which regulates a different source of pollution. Annex I relates to oil leakage or spilling; Annexes II and III
relate to harmful substances carried in bulk in liquid or in packaged form, respectively; Annexes IV and V relate to sewage and
garbage management, respectively; and Annex VI, lastly, relates to air emissions. Annex VI was separately adopted by the IMO
in September of 1997; new emission standards titled IMO-2020 took effect on January 1, 2020.
In 2012, IMO's Marine Environmental Protection Committee, or the “MEPC” adopted a resolution amending the International
Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk, or the “IBC Code”. The provisions
of the IBC Code are mandatory under MARPOL and the SOLAS Convention. These amendments, which entered into force in
June 2014 and took effect on January 1, 2021, pertain to revised international certificates of fitness for the carriage of dangerous
chemicals in bulk and identifying new products that fall under the IBC Code. We may need to make certain financial
expenditures to comply with these amendments.
In 2013, the MEPC adopted a resolution amending MARPOL Annex I Condition Assessment Scheme, or “CAS”. These
amendments became effective on October 1, 2014, and require compliance with the 2011 International Code on the Enhanced
Programme of Inspections during Surveys of Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, or “ESP Code”, which provides for enhanced
inspection programs. We may need to make certain financial expenditures to comply with these amendments.
Air Emissions
In September of 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air pollution from vessels. Effective May 2005,
Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from all commercial vessel exhausts and prohibits
“deliberate emissions” of ozone depleting substances (such as halons and chlorofluorocarbons), emissions of volatile
compounds from cargo tanks, and the shipboard incineration of specific substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the
sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions, as
explained below. Emissions of “volatile organic compounds” from certain vessels, and the shipboard incineration (from
incinerators installed after January 1, 2000) of certain substances (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs) are also
prohibited. We believe that all our vessels are currently compliant in all material respects with these regulations.
The MEPC adopted amendments to Annex VI regarding emissions of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter and ozone
depleting substances, which entered into force on July 1, 2010. The amended Annex VI seeks to further reduce air pollution by,
among other things, implementing a progressive reduction of the amount of sulfur contained in any fuel oil used on board ships.
On October 27, 2016, at its 70th session, the MEPC agreed to implement a global 0.5% m/m sulfur oxide emissions limit
(reduced from 3.50%) starting from January 1, 2020. This limitation can be met by using low-sulfur compliant fuel oil,
alternative fuels, or certain exhaust gas cleaning systems. Ships are now required to obtain bunker delivery notes and
International Air Pollution Prevention (“IAPP”) Certificates from their flag states that specify sulfur content. Additionally, at
MEPC 73, amendments to Annex VI to prohibit the carriage of bunkers above 0.5% sulfur on ships were adopted and took
effect on March 1, 2020, with the exception of vessels fitted with exhaust gas cleaning equipment (“scrubbers”) which can
carry fuel of higher sulfur content. These regulations subject ocean-going vessels to stringent emission controls, and may cause
us to incur substantial costs.
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Sulfur content standards are even stricter within certain “Emission Control Areas,” or (“ECAs”). As of January 1, 2015, ships
operating within an ECA were not permitted to use fuel with sulfur content in excess of 0.1% m/m. Amended Annex VI
establishes procedures for designating new ECAs. Currently, the IMO has designated four ECAs, including specified portions
of the Baltic Sea area, North Sea area, North American area and United States Caribbean area. Ocean-going vessels in these
areas will be subject to stringent emission controls and may cause us to incur additional costs. Other areas in China are subject
to local regulations that impose stricter emission controls. In December 2021, the member states of the Convention for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution (“Barcelona Convention”) agreed to support the designation of a new
ECA in the Mediterranean. The group plans to submit a formal proposal to the IMO by the end of 2022 with the goal of having
the ECA implemented by 2025. If other ECAs are approved by the IMO, or other new or more stringent requirements relating
to emissions from marine diesel engines or port operations by vessels are adopted by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency
(“EPA”) or the states where we operate, compliance with these regulations could entail significant capital expenditures or
otherwise increase the costs of our operations.
Amended Annex VI also establishes new tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards for marine diesel engines,
depending on their date of installation. At the MEPC meeting held from March to April 2014, amendments to Annex VI were
adopted which address the date on which Tier III Nitrogen Oxide (“NOx”) standards in ECAs will go into effect. Under the
amendments, Tier III NOx standards apply to ships that operate in the North American and U.S. Caribbean Sea ECAs designed
for the control of NOx produced by vessels with a marine diesel engine installed and constructed on or after January 1, 2016.
Tier III requirements could apply to areas that will be designated for Tier III NOx in the future. At MEPC 70 and MEPC 71, the
MEPC approved the North Sea and Baltic Sea as ECAs for nitrogen oxide for ships built on or after January 1, 2021. The EPA
promulgated equivalent (and in some senses stricter) emissions standards in 2010. As a result of these designations or similar
future designations, we may be required to incur additional operating or other costs.
As determined at the MEPC 70, the new Regulation 22A of MARPOL Annex VI became effective as of March 1, 2018 and
requires ships above 5,000 gross tonnage to collect and report annual data on fuel oil consumption to an IMO database, with the
first year of data collection having commenced on January 1, 2019. The IMO intends to use such data as the first step in its
roadmap (through 2023) for developing its strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships, as discussed further below.
As of January 1, 2013, MARPOL made mandatory certain measures relating to energy efficiency for ships. All ships are now
required to develop and implement Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans (“SEEMP”), and new ships must be designed in
compliance with minimum energy efficiency levels per capacity mile as defined by the Energy Efficiency Design Index
(“EEDI”). Under these measures, by 2025, all new ships built will be 30% more energy efficient than those built in 2014.
Additionally, MEPC 75 adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI which brings forward the effective date of the EEDI’s
“phase 3” requirements from January 1, 2025 to April 1, 2022 for several ship types, including gas carriers, general cargo ships,
and LNG carriers.
Additionally, MEPC 75 introduced draft amendments to Annex VI which impose new regulations to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from ships. These amendments introduce requirements to assess and measure the energy efficiency of all ships and
set the required attainment values, with the goal of reducing the carbon intensity of international shipping. The requirements
include (1) a technical requirement to reduce carbon intensity based on a new Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (“EEXI”),
and (2) operational carbon intensity reduction requirements, based on a new operational carbon intensity indicator (“CII”). The
attained EEXI is required to be calculated for ships of 400 gross tonnage and above, in accordance with different values set for
ship types and categories. With respect to the CII, the draft amendments would require ships of 5,000 gross tonnage to
document and verify their actual annual operational CII achieved against a determined required annual operational CII.
Additionally, MEPC 75 proposed draft amendments requiring that, on or before January 1, 2023, all ships above 400 gross
tonnage must have an approved SEEMP on board. For ships above 5,000 gross tonnage, the SEEMP would need to include
certain mandatory content. MEPC 75 also approved draft amendments to MARPOL Annex I to prohibit the use and carriage for
use as fuel of heavy fuel oil (“HFO”) by ships in Arctic waters on and after July 1, 2024. The draft amendments introduced at
MEPC 75 were adopted at the MEPC 76 session in June 2021 and are expected to enter into force on November 1, 2022 with
the requirements for EEXI and CII certification coming into effect from January 1, 2023. MEPC 77 adopted a non-binding
resolution which urges Member States and ship operators to voluntarily use distillate or other cleaner alternative fuels or
methods of propulsion that are safe for ships and could contribute to the reduction of Black Carbon emissions from ships when
operating in or near the Arctic.
We may incur costs to comply with these revised standards. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be
adopted that could require the installation of expensive emission control systems and could adversely affect our business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
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Safety Management System Requirements
The SOLAS Convention was amended to address the safe manning of vessels and emergency training drills. The Convention of
Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (the “LLMC”) sets limitations of liability for a loss of life or personal injury claim
or a property claim against ship owners. We believe that our vessels are in substantial compliance with SOLAS and LLMC
standards.
Under Chapter IX of the SOLAS Convention, or the International Safety Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and
for Pollution Prevention (the “ISM Code”), our operations are also subject to environmental standards and requirements. The
ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop an extensive safety management system that
includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and
procedures for operating its vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to emergencies. We rely upon the safety
management system that we and our technical management team have developed for compliance with the ISM Code. The
failure of a vessel owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may
decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain
ports.
The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate. This
certificate evidences compliance by a vessel’s management with the ISM Code requirements for a safety management system.
No vessel can obtain a safety management certificate unless its manager has been awarded a document of compliance, issued by
each flag state, under the ISM Code. We have obtained applicable documents of compliance for our offices and safety
management certificates for all of our vessels for which the certificates are required by the IMO. The document of compliance
and safety management certificate are renewed as required.
Regulation II-1/3-10 of the SOLAS Convention governs ship construction and stipulates that ships over 150 meters in length
must have adequate strength, integrity and stability to minimize risk of loss or pollution. Goal-based standards amendments in
SOLAS regulation II-1/3-10 entered into force in 2012, with July 1, 2016 set for application to new oil tankers and bulk
carriers. The SOLAS Convention regulation II-1/3-10 on goal-based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil
tankers, which entered into force on January 1, 2012, requires that all oil tankers and bulk carriers of 150 meters in length and
above, for which the building contract is placed on or after July 1, 2016, satisfy applicable structural requirements conforming
to the functional requirements of the International Goal-based Ship Construction Standards for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers
(“GBS Standards”).
Amendments to the SOLAS Convention Chapter VII apply to vessels transporting dangerous goods and require those vessels be
in compliance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (“IMDG Code”). Effective January 1, 2018, the IMDG
Code includes (1) updates to the provisions for radioactive material, reflecting the latest provisions from the International
Atomic Energy Agency, (2) new marking, packing and classification requirements for dangerous goods, and (3) new mandatory
training requirements. Amendments which took effect on January 1, 2020 also reflect the latest material from the UN
Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, including (1) new provisions regarding IMO type 9 tank, (2) new
abbreviations for segregation groups, and (3) special provisions for carriage of lithium batteries and of vehicles powered by
flammable liquid or gas. The upcoming amendments, which will come into force on June 1, 2022, include (1) addition of a
definition of dosage rate, (2) additions to the list of high consequence dangerous goods, (3) new provisions for medical/clinical
waste, (4) addition of various ISO standards for gas cylinders, (5) a new handling code, and (6) changes to stowage and
segregation provisions.
The IMO has also adopted the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
(“STCW”). As of February 2017, all seafarers are required to meet the STCW standards and be in possession of a valid STCW
certificate. Flag states that have ratified SOLAS and STCW generally employ the classification societies, which have
incorporated SOLAS and STCW requirements into their class rules, to undertake surveys to confirm compliance.
Furthermore, recent action by the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee and United States agencies indicates that cybersecurity
regulations for the maritime industry are likely to be further developed in the near future in an attempt to combat cybersecurity
threats. By IMO resolution, administrations are encouraged to ensure that cyber-risk management systems are incorporated by
ship-owners and managers by their first annual Document of Compliance audit after January 1, 2021. In February 2021, the
U.S. Coast Guard published guidance on addressing cyber risks in a vessel’s safety management system. This might cause
companies to create additional procedures for monitoring cybersecurity, which could require additional expenses and/or capital
expenditures. The impact of such regulations is hard to predict at this time.
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Pollution Control and Liability Requirements
The IMO has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for pollution in international waters and the territorial
waters of the signatories to such conventions. For example, the IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and
Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (the “BWM Convention”) in 2004. The BWM Convention entered into
force on September 8, 2017. The BWM Convention requires ships to manage their ballast water to remove, render harmless, or
avoid the uptake or discharge of new or invasive aquatic organisms and pathogens within ballast water and sediments. The
BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements,
to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits, and require all ships to carry a ballast water record book and an
international ballast water management certificate.
On December 4, 2013, the IMO Assembly passed a resolution revising the application dates of the BWM Convention so that
the dates are triggered by the entry into force date and not the dates originally in the BWM Convention. This, in effect, makes
all vessels delivered before the entry into force date “existing vessels” and allows for the installation of ballast water
management systems on such vessels at the first International Oil Pollution Prevention (“IOPP”) renewal survey following
entry into force of the convention. The MEPC adopted updated guidelines for approval of ballast water management systems
(G8) at MEPC 70. At MEPC 72, the schedule regarding the BWM Convention’s implementation dates was also discussed and
amendments were introduced to extend the date existing vessels are subject to certain ballast water standards. Those changes
were adopted at MEPC 72. Ships over 400 gross tons generally must comply with a “D-1 standard,” requiring the exchange of
ballast water only in open seas and away from coastal waters. The “D-2 standard” specifies the maximum amount of viable
organisms allowed to be discharged, and compliance dates vary depending on the IOPP renewal dates. Depending on the date
of the IOPP renewal survey, existing vessels must comply with the D-2 standard on or after September 8, 2019. For most ships,
compliance with the D-2 standard will involve installing on-board systems to treat ballast water and eliminate unwanted
organisms. Ballast water management systems, which include systems that make use of chemical, biocides, organisms or
biological mechanisms, or which alter the chemical or physical characteristics of the ballast water, must be approved in
accordance with IMO Guidelines (Regulation D-3). As of October 13, 2019, MEPC 72’s amendments to the BWM Convention
took effect, making the Code for Approval of Ballast Water Management Systems, which governs assessment of ballast water
management systems, mandatory rather than permissive, and formalized an implementation schedule for the D-2 standard.
Under these amendments, all ships must meet the D-2 standard by September 8, 2024. Costs of compliance with these
regulations may be substantial. Additionally, in November 2020, MEPC 75 adopted amendments to the BWM Convention
which would require a commissioning test of the ballast water management system for the initial survey or when performing an
additional survey for retrofits. This analysis will not apply to ships that already have an installed BWM system certified under
the BWM Convention. These amendments are expected to enter into force on June 1, 2022.
Once mid-ocean exchange ballast water treatment requirements become mandatory under the BWM Convention, the cost of
compliance could increase for ocean carriers and may have a material effect on our operations. However, many countries
already regulate the discharge of ballast water carried by vessels from country to country to prevent the introduction of invasive
and harmful species via such discharges. The U.S., for example, requires vessels entering its waters from another country to
conduct mid-ocean ballast exchange, or undertake some alternate measure, and to comply with certain reporting requirements.
The IMO adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, as amended by different
Protocols in 1976, 1984, and 1992, and amended in 2000 (the “CLC”). Under the CLC and depending on whether the country
in which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the CLC, a vessel’s registered owner may be strictly liable for
pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain
exceptions. The 1992 Protocol changed certain limits on liability expressed using the International Monetary Fund currency
unit, the Special Drawing Rights. The limits on liability have since been amended so that the compensation limits on liability
were raised. The right to limit liability is forfeited under the CLC where the spill is caused by the shipowner’s actual fault and
under the 1992 Protocol where the spill is caused by the shipowner’s intentional or reckless act or omission where the
shipowner knew pollution damage would probably result. The CLC requires ships over 2,000 tons covered by it to maintain
insurance covering the liability of the owner in a sum equivalent to an owner’s liability for a single incident. We have
protection and indemnity insurance for environmental incidents. P&I Clubs in the International Group issue the required
Bunkers Convention “Blue Cards” to enable signatory states to issue certificates. All of our vessels are in possession of a CLC
State issued certificate attesting that the required insurance coverage is in force.
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The IMO also adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (the “Bunker
Convention”) to impose strict liability on ship owners (including the registered owner, bareboat charterer, manager or operator)
for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of bunker fuel. The Bunker Convention
requires registered owners of ships over 1,000 gross tons to maintain insurance for pollution damage in an amount equal to the
limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime (but not exceeding the amount calculated in
accordance with the LLMC). With respect to non-ratifying states, liability for spills or releases of oil carried as fuel in ship’s
bunkers typically is determined by the national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where the events or damages occur.
Ships are required to maintain a certificate attesting that they maintain adequate insurance to cover an incident. In jurisdictions,
such as the United States where the CLC or the Bunker Convention has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or
common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or on a strict-liability basis.
Anti‑Fouling Requirements
In 2001, the IMO adopted the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti‑fouling Systems on Ships, or the
“Anti‑fouling Convention”. The Anti‑fouling Convention, which entered into force on September 17, 2008, prohibits the use of
organotin compound coatings to prevent the attachment of mollusks and other sea life to the hulls of vessels. Vessels of over
400 gross tons engaged in international voyages will also be required to undergo an initial survey before the vessel is put into
service or before an International Anti‑fouling System Certificate (the “IAFS Certificate”) is issued for the first time; and
subsequent surveys when the anti‑fouling systems are altered or replaced.
In November 2020, MEPC 75 approved draft amendments to the Anti-fouling Convention to prohibit anti-fouling systems
containing cybutryne, which would apply to ships from January 1, 2023, or, for ships already bearing such an anti-fouling
system, at the next scheduled renewal of the system after that date, but no later than 60 months following the last application to
the ship of such a system. In addition, the IAFS Certificate has been updated to address compliance options for anti-fouling
systems to address cybutryne. Ships which are affected by this ban on cybutryne must receive an updated IAFS Certificate no
later than two years after the entry into force of these amendments. Ships which are not affected (i.e. with anti-fouling systems
which do not contain cybutryne) must receive an updated IAFS Certificate at the next anti-fouling application to the vessel.
These amendments were formally adopted at MEPC 76 in June 2021.
We have obtained Anti‑fouling System Certificates for all of our vessels that are subject to the Anti‑fouling Convention.
Compliance Enforcement
Noncompliance with the ISM Code or other IMO regulations may subject the ship owner or bareboat charterer to increased
liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or
detention in, some ports. The USCG and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the
ISM Code by applicable deadlines will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European Union ports, respectively. As of the
date of this report, March 24, 2022, each of our vessels is ISM Code certified. However, there can be no assurance that such
certificates will be maintained in the future. The IMO continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to
predict what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if any, such regulations might have on
our operations.
United States Regulations
The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA”) established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and
cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all “owners and operators” whose vessels trade or operate within the
U.S., its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in U.S. waters, which includes the U.S.’s territorial sea and its 200
nautical mile exclusive economic zone around the U.S. The U.S. has also enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), which applies to the discharge of hazardous substances other than oil, except in
limited circumstances, whether on land or at sea. OPA and CERCLA both define “owner and operator” in the case of a vessel
as any person owning, operating or chartering by demise, the vessel. Both OPA and CERCLA impact our operations.
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Under OPA, vessel owners and operators are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill
results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs
and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels, including bunkers (fuel). OPA
defines these other damages broadly to include:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
injury to, destruction or loss of, or loss of use of, natural resources and related assessment costs;
injury to, or economic losses resulting from, the destruction of real and personal property;
loss of subsistence use of natural resources that are injured, destroyed or lost;
net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees or net profit revenues resulting from injury, destruction or loss of real or personal
property, or natural resources;
lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to injury, destruction or loss of real or personal property or natural
resources; and
net cost of increased or additional public services necessitated by removal activities following a discharge of oil, such
as protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence use of natural resources.
OPA contains statutory caps on liability and damages; such caps do not apply to direct cleanup costs. Effective November 12,
2019, the USCG adjusted the limits of OPA liability for a tank vessel, other than a single-hull tank vessel, over 3,000 gross tons
liability to the greater of $2,300 per gross ton or $19,943,400 (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation). Effective November
12, 2019, the USCG adjusted the limits of OPA liability for non-tank vessels, edible oil tank vessels, and any oil spill response
vessels, to the greater of $1,200 per gross ton or $997,100 (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation). These limits of liability
do not apply if an incident was proximately caused by the violation of an applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or
operating regulation by a responsible party (or its agent, employee or a person acting pursuant to a contractual relationship), or
a responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The limitation on liability similarly does not apply if the
responsible party fails or refuses to (i) report the incident as required by law where the responsible party knows or has reason to
know of the incident; (ii) reasonably cooperate and assist as requested in connection with oil removal activities; or (iii) without
sufficient cause, comply with an order issued under the Federal Water Pollution Act (Section 311 (c), (e)) or the Intervention on
the High Seas Act.
CERCLA contains a similar liability regime whereby owners and operators of vessels are liable for cleanup, removal and
remedial costs, as well as damages for injury to, or destruction or loss of, natural resources, including the reasonable costs
associated with assessing the same, and health assessments or health effects studies. There is no liability if the discharge of a
hazardous substance results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war. Liability under
CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5.0 million for vessels carrying a hazardous substance as cargo and
the greater of $300 per gross ton or $500,000 for any other vessel. These limits do not apply (rendering the responsible person
liable for the total cost of response and damages) if the release or threat of release of a hazardous substance resulted from
willful misconduct or negligence, or the primary cause of the release was a violation of applicable safety, construction or
operating standards or regulations. The limitation on liability also does not apply if the responsible person fails or refused to
provide all reasonable cooperation and assistance as requested in connection with response activities where the vessel is subject
to OPA.
OPA and CERCLA each preserve the right to recover damages under existing law, including maritime tort law. OPA and
CERCLA both require owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the USCG evidence of financial
responsibility sufficient to meet the maximum amount of liability to which the particular responsible person may be subject.
Vessel owners and operators may satisfy their financial responsibility obligations by providing a proof of insurance, a surety
bond, qualification as a self-insurer or a guarantee. We comply and intend to comply going forward with the USCG’s financial
responsibility regulations by providing applicable certificates of financial responsibility.
44
In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in additional regulatory initiatives or statutes, including
higher liability caps under OPA, new regulations regarding offshore oil and gas drilling, and a pilot inspection program for
offshore facilities. However, several of these initiatives and regulations have been or may be revised. For example, the U.S.
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement’s (“BSEE”) revised Production Safety Systems Rule (“PSSR”), effective
December 27, 2018, modified and relaxed certain environmental and safety protections under the 2016 PSSR. Additionally, the
BSEE amended the Well Control Rule, effective July 15, 2019, which rolled back certain reforms regarding the safety of
drilling operations, and former U.S. President Trump had proposed leasing new sections of U.S. waters to oil and gas
companies for offshore drilling. In January 2021, U.S. President Biden signed an executive order temporarily blocking new
leases for oil and gas drilling in federal waters. However, Attorneys general from 13 states filed suit in March 2021 to lift the
executive order and in June 2021, a federal judge in Louisiana granted a preliminary injunction against the Biden administration
stating that the power to pause offshore oil and gas leases "lies solely with Congress". With these rapid changes, compliance
with any new requirements of OPA and future legislation or regulations applicable to the operation of our vessels could impact
the cost of our operations and adversely affect our business.
OPA specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring
within their boundaries, provided they accept, at a minimum, the levels of liability established under OPA and some states have
enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil spills. Many U.S. states that border a navigable waterway have
enacted environmental pollution laws that impose strict liability on a person for removal costs and damages resulting from a
discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance. These laws may be more stringent than U.S. federal law. Moreover, some
states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for discharge of pollutants within their waters, although in some
cases, states which have enacted this type of legislation have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessel owners’
responsibilities under these laws. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call.
We currently maintain pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1 billion per incident for each of our vessels. If
the damages from a catastrophic spill were to exceed our insurance coverage, it could have an adverse effect on our business
and results of operations.
Other United States Environmental Initiatives
The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970 (including its amendments of 1977 and 1990) (“CAA”) requires the EPA to promulgate
standards applicable to emissions of volatile organic compounds and other air contaminants. Our vessels are subject to vapor
control and recovery requirements for certain cargoes when loading, unloading, ballasting, cleaning and conducting other
operations in regulated port areas. The CAA also requires states to draft State Implementation Plans, or "SIPs", designed to
attain national health-based air quality standards in each state. Although state-specific, SIPs may include regulations concerning
emissions resulting from vessel loading and unloading operations by requiring the installation of vapor control equipment. Our
vessels operating in such regulated port areas with restricted cargoes are equipped with vapor recovery systems that satisfy
these existing requirements.
The U.S. Clean Water Act (“CWA”) prohibits the discharge of oil, hazardous substances and ballast water in U.S. navigable
waters unless authorized by a duly-issued permit or exemption, and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for any
unauthorized discharges. The CWA also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages and
complements the remedies available under OPA and CERCLA. In 2015, the EPA expanded the definition of “waters of the
United States” (“WOTUS”), thereby expanding federal authority under the CWA. Following litigation on the revised WOTUS
rule, in December 2018, the EPA and Department of the Army proposed a revised, limited definition of WOTUS. In 2019 and
2020, the agencies repealed the prior WOTUS Rule and promulgated the Navigable Waters Protection Rule (“NWPR”) which
significantly reduced the scope and oversight of EPA and the Department of the Army in traditionally non-navigable
waterways. On August 30, 2021 a federal district court in Arizona vacated the NWPR and directed the agencies to replace the
rule. On December 7, 2021, the EPA and the Department of the Army proposed a rule that would reinstate the pre-2015
definition which is subject to public comment until February 7, 2022.
The EPA and the USCG have also enacted rules relating to ballast water discharge, compliance with which requires the
installation of equipment on our vessels to treat ballast water before it is discharged or the implementation of other port facility
disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial costs, and/or otherwise restrict our vessels from entering U.S.
Waters.
45
The EPA will regulate these ballast water discharges and other discharges incidental to the normal operation of certain vessels
within United States waters pursuant to the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”), which was signed into law on
December 4, 2018 and replaces the 2013 Vessel General Permit (“VGP”) program (which authorizes discharges incidental to
operations of commercial vessels and contains numeric ballast water discharge limits for most vessels to reduce the risk of
invasive species in U.S. waters, stringent requirements for exhaust gas scrubbers, and requirements for the use of
environmentally acceptable lubricants) and current Coast Guard ballast water management regulations adopted under the U.S.
National Invasive Species Act (“NISA”), such as mid-ocean ballast exchange programs and installation of approved USCG
technology for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks bound for U.S. ports or entering U.S. waters. VIDA establishes a
new framework for the regulation of vessel incidental discharges under CWA, requires the EPA to develop performance
standards for those discharges within two years of enactment, and requires the U.S. Coast Guard to develop implementation,
compliance, and enforcement regulations within two years of EPA’s promulgation of standards. Under VIDA, all provisions of
the 2013 VGP and USCG regulations regarding ballast water treatment remain in force and effect until the EPA and U.S. Coast
Guard regulations are finalized. Non-military, non-recreational vessels greater than 79 feet in length must continue to comply
with the requirements of the VGP, including submission of a Notice of Intent (“NOI”) or retention of a PARI form and
submission of annual reports. We have submitted NOIs for our vessels where required. Compliance with the EPA, U.S. Coast
Guard and state regulations could require the installation of ballast water treatment equipment on our vessels or the
implementation of other port facility disposal procedures at potentially substantial cost, or may otherwise restrict our vessels
from entering U.S. waters.
European Union Regulations
In October 2009, the European Union amended a directive to impose criminal sanctions for illicit ship-source discharges of
polluting substances, including minor discharges, if committed with intent, recklessly or with serious negligence and the
discharges individually or in the aggregate result in deterioration of the quality of water. Aiding and abetting the discharge of a
polluting substance may also lead to criminal penalties. The directive applies to all types of vessels, irrespective of their flag,
but certain exceptions apply to warships or where human safety or that of the ship is in danger. Criminal liability for pollution
may result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability claims. Regulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 (amending EU Directive 2009/16/EC) governs the monitoring, reporting and
verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport, and, subject to some exclusions, requires companies with
ships over 5,000 gross tonnage to monitor and report carbon dioxide emissions annually which may cause us to incur additional
expenses.
The European Union has adopted several regulations and directives requiring, among other things, more frequent inspections of
high-risk ships, as determined by type, age, and flag as well as the number of times the ship has been detained. The European
Union also adopted and extended a ban on substandard ships and enacted a minimum ban period and a definitive ban for
repeated offenses. The regulation also provided the European Union with greater authority and control over classification
societies, by imposing more requirements on classification societies and providing for fines or penalty payments for
organizations that failed to comply. Furthermore, the EU has implemented regulations requiring vessels to use reduced sulfur
content fuel for their main and auxiliary engines. The EU Directive 2005/33/EC (amending Directive 1999/32/EC) introduced
requirements parallel to those in Annex VI relating to the sulfur content of marine fuels. In addition, the EU imposed a 0.1%
maximum sulfur requirement for fuel used by ships at berth in the Baltic, the North Sea and the English Channel (the so called
“SOx-Emission Control Area”). As of January 2020, EU member states must also ensure that vessels in all EU waters, except
the SOx-Emission Control Area, use fuels with a 0.5% maximum sulfur content.
On September 15, 2020, the European Parliament voted to include greenhouse gas emissions from the maritime sector in the
European Union's carbon market. On July 14, 2021 the European Parliament formally proposed its plan, which would involve
gradually including the maritime sector from 2023 and phasing the sector in over a three-year period. This will require
shipowners to buy permits to cover these emissions. Contingent on negotiations and a formal approval vote, these proposed
regulations may not enter into force for another year or two.
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (the "ILO") is a specialized agency of the UN that has adopted the Maritime Labour
Convention 2006 ("MLC 2006"). A Maritime Labour Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance is required
to ensure compliance with the MLC 2006 for all ships that are 500 gross tonnage or over and are either engaged in international
voyages or flying the flag of a Member and operating from a port, or between ports, in another country. We believe that all our
vessels are in substantial compliance with and are certified to meet MLC 2006.
46
Greenhouse Gas Regulation
Currently, the emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping are not subject to the Kyoto Protocol to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which entered into force in 2005 and pursuant to which adopting countries
have been required to implement national programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with targets extended through 2020.
International negotiations are continuing with respect to a successor to the Kyoto Protocol, and restrictions on shipping
emissions may be included in any new treaty. In December 2009, more than 27 nations, including the U.S. and China, signed
the Copenhagen Accord, which includes a non-binding commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The 2015 United
Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris resulted in the Paris Agreement, which entered into force on November 4, 2016
and does not directly limit greenhouse gas emissions from ships. The U.S. initially entered into the agreement, but on June 1,
2017, former U.S. President Trump announced that the United States intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, and the
withdrawal became effective on November 4, 2020. On January 20, 2021, U.S. President Biden signed an executive order to
rejoin the Paris Agreement, which the U.S. officially rejoined on February 19, 2021.
At MEPC 70 and MEPC 71, a draft outline of the structure of the initial strategy for developing a comprehensive IMO strategy
on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships was approved. In accordance with this roadmap, in April 2018, nations at
the MEPC 72 adopted an initial strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships. The initial strategy identifies “levels of
ambition” to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including (1) decreasing the carbon intensity from ships through
implementation of further phases of the EEDI for new ships; (2) reducing carbon dioxide emissions per transport work, as an
average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70% by 2050, compared to 2008
emission levels; and (3) reducing the total annual greenhouse emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 while
pursuing efforts towards phasing them out entirely. The initial strategy notes that technological innovation, alternative fuels
and/or energy sources for international shipping will be integral to achieve the overall ambition. These regulations could cause
us to incur additional substantial expenses. At MEPC 77, the Member States agreed to initiate the revision of the Initial IMO
Strategy on Reduction of GHG emissions from ships, recognizing the need to strengthen the ambition during the revision
process. A final draft Revised IMO GHG Strategy would be considered by MEPC 80 (scheduled to meet in spring 2023), with a
view to adoption.
The EU made a unilateral commitment to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions from its member states from 20% of 1990
levels by 2020. The EU also committed to reduce its emissions by 20% under the Kyoto Protocol’s second period from 2013 to
2020. Starting in January 2018, large ships over 5,000 gross tonnage calling at EU ports are required to collect and publish data
on carbon dioxide emissions and other information. As previously discussed, regulations relating to the inclusion of greenhouse
gas emissions from the maritime sector in the European Union's carbon market are also forthcoming.
In the United States, the EPA issued a finding that greenhouse gases endanger the public health and safety, adopted regulations
to limit greenhouse gas emissions from certain mobile sources, and proposed regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions
from large stationary sources. However, in March 2017, former U.S. President Trump signed an executive order to review and
possibly eliminate the EPA’s plan to cut greenhouse gas emissions and in August 2019, the Administration announced plans to
weaken regulations for methane emissions. On August 13, 2020, the EPA released rules rolling back standards to control
methane and volatile organic compound emissions from new oil and gas facilities. However, U.S. President Biden recently
directed the EPA to publish a proposed rule suspending, revising, or rescinding certain of these rules. On November 2, 2021,
the EPA issued a proposed rule under the CAA designed to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas sources. The proposed
rule which reduces 41 million tons of methane emissions between 2023 and 2025 and cuts methane emissions in the oil and gas
sector by approximately 74 percent compared to emissions from this sector in 2005. EPA also anticipates issuing a
supplemental proposed rule in 2022 to include additional methane reduction measures following public input and anticipates
issuing a final rule by the end of 2022. If these new regulations are finalized, they could affect our operations.
Any passage of climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, the EU, the U.S. or other countries where
we operate, or any treaty adopted at the international level to succeed the Kyoto Protocol or Paris Agreement, that restricts
emissions of greenhouse gases could require us to make significant financial expenditures which we cannot predict with
certainty at this time. Even in the absence of climate control legislation, our business may be indirectly affected to the extent
that climate change may result in sea level changes or certain weather events.
47
Vessel Security Regulations
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to
enhance vessel security such as the MTSA. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, the USCG issued regulations requiring
the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States and at certain ports and facilities, some of which are regulated by the EPA.
Similarly, Chapter XI-2 of the SOLAS Convention imposes detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities and
mandates compliance with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (the “ISPS Code”). The ISPS Code is
designed to enhance the security of ports and ships against terrorism. To trade internationally, a vessel must attain an
International Ship Security Certificate (“ISSC”) from a recognized security organization approved by the vessel’s flag state.
Ships operating without a valid certificate may be detained, expelled from, or refused entry at port until they obtain an ISSC.
The various requirements, some of which are found in the SOLAS Convention, include, for example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
on-board installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for the automatic transmission of safety-
related information from among similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a ship’s identity,
position, course, speed and navigational status;
on-board installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the vessel but only alert the authorities on shore;
the development of vessel security plans;
ship identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel’s hull;
a continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel's history including the name of the ship, the state whose flag
the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that state, the ship's identification number, the port
at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address; and
compliance with flag state security certification requirements.
The USCG regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt non-U.S. vessels from MTSA
vessel security measures, provided such vessels have on board a valid ISSC that attests to the vessel’s compliance with the
SOLAS Convention security requirements and the ISPS Code. Future security measures could have a significant financial
impact on us. We intend to comply with the various security measures addressed by MTSA, the SOLAS Convention and the
ISPS Code.
The cost of vessel security measures has also been affected by the escalation in the frequency of acts of piracy against ships,
notably off the coast of Somalia, including the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea area. Substantial loss of revenue and other costs
may be incurred as a result of detention of a vessel or additional security measures, and the risk of uninsured losses could
significantly affect our business. Costs are incurred in taking additional security measures in accordance with Best Management
Practices to Deter Piracy, notably those contained in the BMP5 industry standard.
Offshore Drilling Regulations
Our offshore drilling units are subject to many of the above environmental laws and regulations relating to vessels, but are also
subject to laws and regulations focused on offshore drilling operations. We may incur costs to comply with these revised
standards.
Rigs must comply with applicable MARPOL limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, chlorofluorocarbons, and the
discharge of other air pollutants, and also with the Bunker Convention's strict liability for pollution damage caused by
discharges of bunker fuel in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states. We believe that all of our drilling units are currently
compliant in all material respects with these regulations.
Furthermore, any drilling units that we may operate in U.S. waters, including the U.S. territorial sea and the 200 nautical mile
exclusive economic zone around the United States, would have to comply with OPA and CERCLA requirements, among
others, that impose liability (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of
war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges of oil or other hazardous substances.
The U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management ("BOEM"), periodically issues guidelines for rig fitness requirements in the
Gulf of Mexico and may take other steps that could increase the cost of operations or reduce the area of operations for our units,
thus reducing their marketability. Implementation of BOEM guidelines or regulations may subject us to increased costs or limit
the operational capabilities of our units, and could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
48
In addition to the MARPOL, OPA and CERCLA requirements described above, our international offshore drilling operations
are subject to various laws and regulations in countries in which we operate, including laws and regulations relating to the
importation of and operation of drilling units and equipment, currency conversions and repatriation, oil and gas exploration and
development, environmental protection, taxation of offshore earnings and earnings of expatriate personnel, the use of local
employees and suppliers by foreign contractors, and duties on the importation and exportation of drilling units and other
equipment. New environmental or safety laws and regulations could be enacted, which could adversely affect our ability to
operate in certain jurisdictions. Governments in some countries have become increasingly active in regulating and controlling
the ownership of concessions and companies holding concessions, the exploration for oil and gas, and other aspects of the oil
and gas industries in their countries. In some areas of the world, this governmental activity has adversely affected the amount of
exploration and development work done by major oil and gas companies and may continue to do so. For example, on December
20, 2016, former U.S. President Obama invoked a law that banned offshore oil and gas drilling in large areas of the Arctic and
the Atlantic Seaboard. In April 2017, former President Trump signed an executive order sought to loosen that ban but was
blocked by a federal court ruling in Alaska in March 2019. The Trump administration appealed the decision and in April 2021,
a federal appeals court affirmed the ruling and found that President Biden's reinstatement of Obama-era protections makes moot
the Trump administration's attempts to allow oil development in the Atlantic and Arctic waters. In November 2021, the House
of Representatives passed the Build Back Better Act, which initially included provisions that banned offshore drilling in both
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and cancelled drilling leases and blocked future oil and
gas extraction in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. However, the Senate stripped the ban on offshore drilling from the bill,
although the ban on energy extraction activities in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is still in place. Negotiations on the
Build Back Better Act are still ongoing.
In conjunction with the 2016 U.S. ban, the government of Canada simultaneously banned new drilling in Canadian Arctic
waters and in August 2019, issued an order prohibiting oil and gas activities under existing leases in the Canadian Arctic
offshore. The Canadian government imposed a five-year moratorium on its 2016 ban of new Canadian Arctic drilling, and
based on its research and findings, these restrictions may be lifted. Operations in less developed countries can be subject to
legal systems that are not as mature or predictable as those in more developed countries, which can lead to greater uncertainty
in legal matters and proceedings. Implementation of new environmental laws or regulations that may apply to ultra-deepwater
drilling units may subject us to increased costs or limit the operational capabilities of our drilling units and could materially and
adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Inspection by Classification Societies
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be classed by a classification society authorized by its country of
registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and
regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and SOLAS. Most insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance
coverage and lending that a vessel be certified “in class” by a classification society which is a member of the International
Association of Classification Societies, the IACS. The IACS has adopted harmonized Common Structural Rules, or "the Rules",
which apply to oil tankers and bulk carriers contracted for construction on or after July 1, 2015. The Rules attempt to create a
level of consistency between IACS Societies. All of our vessels are certified as being “in class” by all the applicable
Classification Societies (e.g., American Bureau of Shipping, Lloyd's Register of Shipping).
A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys, drydockings and special surveys. In lieu of a special survey, a
vessel’s machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a
five-year period. Every vessel is also required to carry out a bottom survey every 30 to 36 months for inspection of the
underwater parts of the vessel as dictated by statutory and class regulations. If any vessel does not maintain its class and/or fails
any annual survey, intermediate survey, drydocking or special survey, the vessel will be unable to carry cargo between ports
and will be unemployable and uninsurable which could cause us to be in violation of certain covenants in our loan agreements.
Any such inability to carry cargo or be employed, or any such violation of covenants, could have a material adverse impact on
our financial condition and results of operations.
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Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance
General
The operation of any cargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, physical damage, collision, property loss, cargo
loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, piracy incidents, hostilities and
labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental
mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually
unlimited liability upon shipowners, operators and bareboat charterers of any vessel trading in the exclusive economic zone of
the United States for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for
shipowners and operators trading in the United States market. We carry insurance coverage as customary in the shipping
industry. However, not all risks can be insured, specific claims may be rejected, and we might not be always able to obtain
adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
Hull and Machinery Insurance
We procure hull and machinery insurance, protection and indemnity insurance, which includes environmental damage and
pollution insurance and war risk insurance and freight, demurrage and defense insurance for our fleet. We generally maintain
insurance against loss of hire on our operated fleet, which covers business interruptions that result in the loss of use of a vessel.
Protection and Indemnity Insurance
Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or “P&I Associations,” and
covers our third-party liabilities in connection with our shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other related
expenses of injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions
with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances and salvage, towing and
other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance,
extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations, or “clubs”.
Our current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1 billion per vessel per incident. The 13 P&I
Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have
entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association’s liabilities. The International Group’s website states that the Pool
provides a mechanism for sharing all claims in excess of US$10 million up to, currently, approximately US$8.2 billion. As a
member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations
based on our claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations and members of the
shipping pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group.
The insurance of our vessels which are chartered on a bareboat basis or on a time charter basis to Frontline Shipping and the
Golden Ocean Charterer is the responsibility of the bareboat charterers, Frontline Management or Golden Ocean Management,
respectively, who arrange insurance in line with standard industry practice. We are responsible for the insurance of our other
time chartered and voyage chartered vessels. In accordance with standard practice, we maintain marine hull and machinery and
war risks insurance, which include the risk of actual or constructive total loss, and protection and indemnity insurance with
mutual assurance associations. From time to time we carry insurance covering the loss of hire resulting from marine casualties
in respect of some of our vessels. Currently, the amount of coverage for liability for pollution, spillage and leakage available to
us on commercially reasonable terms through protection and indemnity associations and providers of excess coverage is up to
$1 billion per vessel per occurrence. Protection and indemnity associations are mutual marine indemnity associations formed by
shipowners to provide protection from large financial loss to one member by contribution towards that loss by all members.
We believe that our current insurance coverage is adequate to protect us against the accident-related risks involved in the
conduct of our business and that we maintain appropriate levels of environmental damage and pollution insurance coverage,
consistent with standard industry practice. However, there is no assurance that all risks are adequately insured against, that any
particular claims will be paid, or that we will be able to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates
in the future.
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Seasonality
A large part of our vessels are chartered at fixed rates on a long-term basis and seasonal factors do not have a significant direct
effect on our business. Our tankers on charter to Frontline Shipping and our dry bulk carriers on charter to the Golden Ocean
Charterer are subject to profit sharing agreements and to the extent that seasonal factors affect the profits of the charterers of
these vessels we will also be affected. We also have five dry bulk carriers, two chemical tankers and two Suezmax tankers
trading in the spot or short term time charter market, and the effects of seasonality may affect the earnings of these vessels.
Following scrubber installations on seven container vessels on charter to Maersk, the agreements were amended to include
sharing of fuel cost savings with Maersk. Scrubber installations on two VLCCs to Frontline, seven Capesize bulk carriers to
Golden Ocean and two Suezmax tankers will potentially lead to fuel cost savings affecting earnings and profit share. The fuel
savings will depend on the price difference between IMO compliant fuel and IMO non-compliant fuel that is subsequently
made compliant by the scrubbers.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
See Exhibit 8.1 for a list of our significant subsidiaries.
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D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
We own a substantially modern fleet of vessels and rigs. The following table sets forth the fleet that we own or charter-in
including those in our associated companies as of March 24, 2022. All of the VLCCs, Suezmax tankers, product tankers and
chemical tankers are double-hull vessels.
Approximate
Built
Capacity
Flag
Lease
Classification *
Charter
Termination
Date*
Vessel
VLCCs
Front Energy
Front Force
Landbridge Wisdom
Suezmaxes
Glorycrown
Everbright
Marlin Santorini
Marlin Sicily
Marlin Shikoku
Capesize Dry Bulk Carriers
Belgravia
Battersea
Golden Magnum
Golden Beijing
Golden Future
Golden Zhejiang
Golden Zhoushan
KSL China
Kamsarmax Dry Bulk Carriers
Sinochart Beijing
Min Sheng 1
Product Tankers
SFL Trinity
SFL Sabine
SFL Puma
SFL Tiger
SFL Lion
SFL Panther
Chemical Tankers
2004
2004
2020
2009
2010
2019
2019
2019
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2011
2013
2012
2012
2017
2017
2015
2015
2014
2015
305,000 Dwt
305,000 Dwt
308,000 Dwt
156,000 Dwt
156,000 Dwt
150,000 Dwt
150,000 Dwt
150,000 Dwt
170,000 Dwt
170,000 Dwt
180,000 Dwt
176,000 Dwt
176,000 Dwt
176,000 Dwt
176,000 Dwt
180,000 Dwt
82,000 Dwt
82,000 Dwt
114,000 Dwt
114,000 Dwt
115,000 Dwt
115,000 Dwt
115,000 Dwt
115,000 Dwt
MI
MI
HK
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
MI
HK
HK
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
MI
Direct Financing
Direct Financing
2027
2027
Leaseback assets
2027 (1)
n/a
n/a
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
n/a (2)
n/a (2)
2026 (9)
2027 (9)
2027 (9)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
2025 (1)
Operating
Operating
2022
2022
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
n/a
n/a
2024
2024
2026 (9)
2026 (9)
2027 (9)
2027 (9)
n/a (2)
n/a (2)
SFL Weser (ex Maria Victoria V)
SFL Elbe (ex SC Guangzhou)
2008
2008
17,000 Dwt
17,000 Dwt
Container vessels
MSC Margarita
2002
5,800 TEU
LIB
Sales Type
2024 (1) (5)
52
MSC Vidhi
MSC Vaishnavi R.
MSC Julia R.
MSC Arushi R.
MSC Katya R.
MSC Anisha R.
MSC Vidisha R.
MSC Zlata R.
MSC Alice
Asian Ace
Green Ace
San Felipe
San Felix
San Fernando
San Francisca
Maersk Sarat
Maersk Skarstind
Maersk Shivling
MSC Anna
MSC Viviana
Thalassa Axia
Thalassa Doxa
Thalassa Mana
Thalassa Tyhi
Cap San Vincent
Cap San Lazaro
Cap San Juan
MSC Erica
MSC Reef
SFL Maui
SFL Hawaii
Maersk Zambezi
Thalassa Patris
Thalassa Elpida
Car Carriers
SFL Composer
SFL Conductor
2001
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2003
2005
2005
2014
2014
2015
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
2017
2014
2014
2014
2014
2015
2015
2015
2016
2016
2013
2014
2020
2013
2014
2005
2006
5,800 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
4,100 TEU
1,700 TEU
1,700 TEU
1,700 TEU
8,700 TEU
8,700 TEU
8,700 TEU
8,700 TEU
9,500 TEU
9,500 TEU
9,300 TEU
19,200 TEU
19,200 TEU
14,000 TEU
14,000 TEU
14,000 TEU
14,000 TEU
10,600 TEU
10,600 TEU
10,600 TEU
19,400 TEU
19,400 TEU
6,800 TEU
6,800 TEU
5,300 TEU
14,000 TEU
14,000 TEU
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
MI
MI
MI
MI
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
MI
MI
MI
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
MI
LIB
LIB
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Sales Type
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Direct Financing
Direct Financing
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Direct Financing
Direct Financing
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
Operating
2024 (1) (5)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2025 (1) (7)
2022 (1)
2025
2022
2024
2024
2025
2025
2024
2024
2024
2031 (1) (3)
2032 (1) (3)
2024 (6)
2024 (6)
2024 (6)
2024 (6)
2024 (1) (4)
2024 (1) (4)
2024 (1) (4)
2033 (1) (3)
2033 (1) (3)
2027 (1)
2027 (1)
2028 (1)
2023
2024
6,500 CEU
6,500 CEU
HK
PAN
Operating
Operating
2023 (2)
2023 (2)
Jack-Up Drilling Rig
West Linus
Ultra-Deepwater Drill Unit
2014
450 ft
NOR
Operating
2028 (1) (8)
West Hercules
2008
10,000 ft
PAN
Operating
2024 (1) (8)
Supramax Dry Bulk Carriers
SFL Hudson
2009
57,000 Dwt
MI
n/a
n/a (2)
53
SFL Yukon
SFL Sara
SFL Kate
SFL Humber
2010
2011
2011
2012
57,000 Dwt
57,000 Dwt
57,000 Dwt
57,000 Dwt
HK
HK
HK
HK
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a (2)
n/a (2)
n/a (2)
n/a (2)
* Lease classifications and charter termination dates are as of December 31, 2021.
Key to Flags: HK – Hong Kong, LIB – Liberia, MI – Marshall Islands, PAN – Panama, NOR – Norway
Notes:
(1) Charterer has purchase options or obligations during the term or at the end of the charter.
(2) Currently employed on a short-term charter or trading in the spot market.
(3) Vessel chartered-in and out on direct financing leases and included in associated companies.
(4) Vessel chartered-in as finance leases and out as operating leases.
(5) The charters in respect of these vessels were extended in 2019 and the lease classification changed from operating
leases to sales type leases.
(6) The charters in respect of these vessels were extended in 2020. The charters for these four vessels were further
amended in 2021 removing the 18 months charterer's extension option.
(7) The charters in respect of these vessels were extended in 2020 and lease classification changed from operating leases
to sales type leases.
(8) These rigs are chartered to subsidiaries of Seadrill. On March 9, 2021, and following approval by the applicable
bankruptcy court of the Interim Funding and Settlement Agreement signed between the Company and Seadrill,
which allowed Seadrill to pay reduced charter hire during the interim period, the leases were reclassified from direct
financing leases to operating leases. Please also refer to our Risk factors and Item 4 above.
(9) Charterer has the right to trigger a sale to a third party, at any time after the first year, with net proceeds over an
agreed sum to be shared between the charterer and SFL, with profit split on a previously agreed upon basis of
calculation.
In addition to the above fleet of vessels and rigs, we also have four newbuilding dual-fuel 7,000 CEU car carriers designed to
use liquefied natural gas ("LNG") under construction and with deliveries expected to take place in 2023 and 2024.
Substantially, all of our owned vessels and rigs as of December 31, 2021 are pledged under mortgages, excluding three 1,700
TEU container vessels, two chemical tankers and two product tankers.
Other than our interests in the vessels and drilling units described above, we do not own any material physical properties. We
lease office space in Oslo from Seatankers Management Norway AS, in Singapore from Frontline Shipping Singapore Pte Ltd,
and in London from Frontline Corporate Services Ltd, all related parties.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
54
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 4. "Information on the Company" and our audited
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein.
A. OPERATING RESULTS
Overview
Following our spin-off from Frontline and the purchase of our original fleet in 2004, we have established ourselves as a leading
international maritime asset-owning company with a large and diverse asset base across the maritime and offshore industries. A
full fleet list is provided in Item 4D "Information on the Company" showing the assets that we currently own and charter to our
customers.
Fleet Development
The following table summarizes the development of our active fleet of vessels, including four chartered-in container vessels
that are included in our associated companies and seven container vessels financed through sale and leaseback transactions.
Total fleet
December 31,
2019
Additions/
Disposals
2020
Total fleet
December 31,
2020
Additions/
Disposals
2021
Total fleet
December 31,
2021
Vessel type
Oil Tankers
Chemical tankers
Dry bulk carriers
Container vessels
Car carriers
Jack-up drilling rigs
Ultra-deepwater drill units
Offshore support vessels
Product tankers
+1
-4
-5
8
2
22
48
2
1
2
5
2
5
2
22
48
2
1
2
—
2
+1
+5
+2
-7
-18
-1
6
2
15
35
2
1
1
—
4
66
Total Active Fleet
92
+1
-9
84
+8
-26
Between January 1, 2022 and March 24, 2022 an additional two oil tankers and two product tankers were delivered to the
Company.
Selected Financial Data
Our selected income statement and cash flow statement data with respect to the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2020
and 2019 and our selected balance sheet data with respect to the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been
derived from our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report, prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which we refer to as US GAAP.
The selected income statement and cash flow statement data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the
selected balance sheet data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our
consolidated financial statements not included herein. The following table should be read in conjunction with Item 5.
"Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements
included herein.
55
Income Statement Data:
Total operating revenues
Net operating income/(loss)
Net income/(loss)
Earnings (loss) per share, basic
Earnings (loss) per share, diluted
Dividends declared
Dividends declared per share
2021
Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
2017
(in thousands of dollars except common share and per share data)
513,396
242,838
164,343
1.35 $
1.30 $
471,047
(138,174)
(224,425)
(2.06) $
(2.06) $
458,849
137,777
89,177
418,712
117,615
73,622
0.83 $
0.83 $
0.70 $
0.69 $
77,552
109,394
150,659
149,261
0.63 $
1.00 $
1.40 $
1.40 $
380,878
154,626
101,209
1.06
1.03
152,907
1.60
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
(in thousands of dollars except common share and per share data)
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):
Cash and cash equivalents
145,622
215,445
199,521
211,394
153,052
Vessels and equipment, net (including
newbuildings)
2,287,676
1,240,698
1,404,705
1,559,712
1,762,596
Vessels and equipment under finance lease, net
656,072
697,380
714,476
749,889
—
Investment in direct financing, sales-type and
leaseback assets including current portion
Investment in associated companies (including
loans and receivables)
Total assets
Short and long term debt (including current
portion)
Finance lease liability (including current portion)
Share capital
Stockholders' equity
204,766
677,543
994,387
802,159
618,071
61,640
151,207
368,222
366,907
328,505
3,459,297
3,093,211
3,885,370
3,877,845
3,012,082
1,889,214
1,649,069
1,608,088
1,437,080
1,504,007
524,200
1,386
982,327
573,087
1,106,427
1,172,051
1,278
1,194
1,194
239,607
1,109
795,651
1,106,369
1,180,032
1,194,997
Common shares outstanding (1)
138,551,387
127,810,064
119,391,310
119,373,064
110,930,873
Weighted average common shares outstanding (1)
122,140,675
108,971,605
107,613,610
105,897,798
95,596,644
Cash Flow Data:
Cash provided by operating activities
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities
293,595
(389,050)
276,475
176,339
249,707
200,975
(169,881)
(866,564)
177,796
48,362
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities
25,017
(431,432)
(89,204)
724,931
(135,488)
Note 1: The number of common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 includes 8,000,000 shares initially
issued and loaned as part of a share lending arrangement relating to the issue in October 2016 of our 5.75% senior unsecured
convertible bonds. After the maturity of these bonds in 2021, the Company entered into a general share lending agreement with
another counterparty and the 8,000,000 shares were transferred into its custody. The number of common shares outstanding as
of December 31, 2021 and 2020 also includes 3,765,842 shares issued from up to 7,000,000 shares issuable under a share
lending arrangement relating to the Company's issuance of its 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds in April and May
2018. These 3,765,842 shares, which were issued and loaned, are owned by the Company and are to be returned on or before
maturity of the bonds in 2023 pursuant to the terms of the applicable share lending arrangement. Accordingly, the total
11,765,842 of loaned shares are not included in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding as of
December 31, 2021 and 2020.
56
Factors Affecting Our Current and Future Results
Principal factors that have affected our results since 2004, and are expected to affect our future results of operations and
financial position, include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the earnings of our vessels under time charters and bareboat charters to Frontline Shipping, the Seadrill
Charterers, the Golden Ocean Charterer and other charterers;
the earnings of our vessels under short term charter or trading in the spot market impacted by freight market
conditions;
the amount we receive under the profit sharing arrangements with Frontline Shipping, the Golden Ocean
Charterer, and sharing arrangements on fuel cost savings with Maersk;
the earnings and expenses related to any additional vessels that we acquire;
earnings from the sale of assets and termination of charters;
vessel management fees and operating expenses;
vessel impairments;
administrative expenses;
interest expenses;
• mark-to-market movements on investment in equity securities; and
• mark-to-market movements on derivative financial instruments.
Revenues
As discussed above, Frontline Shipping was our principal customer when we were spun-off from Frontline in 2004. Since then,
we have increased our customer base from one to more than 10 customers including related parties Frontline Shipping and
Golden Ocean.
In the year ended December 31, 2021:
•
•
•
•
•
Two VLCC crude tankers leased to Frontline Shipping accounted for approximately 2% of our consolidated operating
revenues (2020: 6%, 2019: 4%).
Eight Capesize dry bulk carriers leased to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean which accounted for approximately 12% of
our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 11%, 2019: 11%).
28 container vessels on long-term bareboat charters to MSC accounted for approximately 2% of our consolidated
operating revenues (2020: 13%, 2019: 14%). 18 of these vessels were sold and redelivered to MSC in August 2021
and September 2021 following exercise of the applicable purchase options.
15 container vessels on long-term time charters to Maersk accounted for approximately 32% of our consolidated
operating revenues (2020: 29%, 2019: 30%).
Six container vessels on time charter to Evergreen accounted for approximately 15% of our consolidated operating
revenues in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: 15%, 2019: 14%).
Our income earned from Seadrill was earned from drilling units leased to Seadrill through two wholly owned subsidiaries
which were previously accounted for using the equity method. One of the subsidiaries was consolidated from October 2020 and
the second subsidiary from August 2021. (See details in risk factors and history and developments above). In the year ended
December 31, 2021, income from the one remaining associated company chartered to Seadrill and consolidated from August
2021, accounted for approximately 2% of our net income (2020: 7% of net loss from three associated companies, 2019: 35% of
net income from three associated companies). Also, in the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from subsidiaries that were
consolidated and leased rigs to Seadrill, accounted for approximately 6% of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 1% in
relation to one drilling unit, 2019: 0% none).
Our revenues arise primarily from our long-term, fixed-rate charters and as shown in Results of Operations below the majority
of our income is derived from time charter income, however we also have finance lease interest and service income, and
bareboat charter income from operating leases.
57
Our future earnings are dependent upon the continuation of existing lease arrangements and our continued investment in new
lease arrangements. Future earnings may be significantly affected by the sale of vessels or a default by counterparties under our
chartering agreements. Investments and sales which have affected our earnings since January 1, 2021, are listed in Item 4 above
under acquisitions and disposals. Some of our lease arrangements contain purchase options which, if exercised by our
charterers, will affect our future leasing revenues.
In 2013, we began to derive income from voyage charters. Currently, we have two Suezmax tankers, two chemical tankers and
five dry bulk carriers trading in the spot or short-term time charter market, where the effects of seasonality may affect the
earnings of these vessels.
We have revenue under profit sharing agreements with some of our charterers, in particular with Frontline Shipping and Golden
Ocean. Revenues received under profit sharing agreements depend upon the returns generated by the charterers from the
deployment of our vessels. These returns are subject to market conditions which have historically been subject to significant
volatility. Historically, our main profit share income has arisen from our tankers chartered to Frontline Shipping. The profit
sharing percentage with Frontline Shipping is 50% of earnings above time charter rates, payable on a quarterly basis. In
addition to the tankers chartered to Frontline Shipping, our eight Capesize dry bulk carriers on long-term charter to the Golden
Ocean Charterer include profit sharing arrangements whereby we earn a 33% of profits earned by the vessels above threshold
levels.
In May 2019 and March 2020, we agreed to extend the charters with Maersk on the four 8,700 TEU container vessels (San
Felipe, San Felix, San Francisca and San Fernando) and three 9,300 to 9,500 TEU Container vessels (Maersk Sarat, Maersk
Skarstind and Maersk Shivling). The initial periods of the charters were extended for all vessels at a revised charter hire rate and
for extended periods ranging between approximately three to four years, with additional optional periods at the charterer's
option. As part of the charter agreement, we agreed to finance the scrubbers to be installed on these vessels and receive a share
of the cost savings achieved by the charterer on fuel price from using the scrubbers.
Vessel Management and Operating Expenses
Our vessel-owning subsidiaries with vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping have entered into fixed rate management
agreements with Frontline Management, under which Frontline Management is responsible for all technical management of the
vessels. These subsidiaries each pay Frontline Management a fixed fee of $9,000 per day per vessel for these services. An
exception to this arrangement is for any vessel chartered to Frontline Shipping which is sub-chartered by them on a bareboat
basis, for which no management fee is payable for the duration of bareboat sub-charter. Similarly, the vessels on time charter to
the Golden Ocean Charterer pay a fixed fee of $7,000 per day per vessel to Golden Ocean Management, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Golden Ocean, for all technical management of the vessels.
In addition to the two vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping and the eight vessels on charter to Golden Ocean Charterer, we
also have 21 container vessels, two car carriers, two dry bulk carriers, three Suezmax tankers and six product tankers employed
on time charters, and two Suezmax tankers, two chemical tankers and five dry bulk carriers employed in the spot or short term
time charter market. We have outsourced the technical management for these vessels and we pay operating expenses for the
vessels as they are incurred. Operating expenses include mainly crew costs, repairs and maintenance, spares and supplies,
insurance, management fees and drydocking.
The remaining vessels we own that have charters attached to them are employed on bareboat charters, where the charterer pays
all operating expenses, including maintenance, drydocking and insurance.
Vessel Impairments
The vessels and rigs held and used by us are reviewed for impairment on a quarterly basis and whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized if the
estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the vessel or rig and its eventual disposal is less
than its carrying amount.
58
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses consist of general corporate overhead expenses, including personnel costs, property costs, legal and
professional fees, and other administrative expenses. Personnel costs include, among other things, salaries, pension costs, fringe
benefits, travel costs and health insurance. We have entered into administrative services agreements with Frontline Management
and Seatankers Management Co. Ltd., or Seatankers, under which they provide us with certain administrative support services,
and have agreed to reimburse them for reasonable third party costs, if any, advanced on our behalf. Some of the compensation
paid to Frontline Management and Seatankers is based on cost sharing for the services rendered, based on actual incurred costs
plus a margin.
Mark-to-Market Movements on derivative financial instruments
In order to hedge against fluctuations in interest rates, we have entered into interest rate swaps which effectively fix the interest
payable on a portion of our floating rate debt. We have also entered into interest/currency swaps in order to fix both the interest
and exchange rates applicable to the payment of interest and eventual settlement on our floating rate NOK bonds. Although the
intention is to hold such financial instruments until maturity, US GAAP requires us to record them at market valuation in our
financial statements. Adjustments to the mark-to-market valuation of these derivative financial instruments, which are caused
by variations in interest and exchange rates, are reflected in results of operations and other comprehensive income.
Accordingly, our financial results may be affected by fluctuations in interest and exchange rates.
Mark-to-Market Movements on investment in equity securities
We hold investments in shares consisting of approximately 1.4 million shares in Frontline listed on the New York Stock
Exchange (“NYSE”), and 1.3 million shares in NorAm Drilling Company AS (“NorAm Drilling”) traded in the Norwegian
Over the Counter market (“OTC”). Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 from January 2018, we recognize any changes in the
fair value of these equity investments in the statement of operations.
Interest Expenses
Other than the interest expense associated with our senior unsecured convertible bonds, and our senior unsecured NOK bonds,
the amount of our interest expense will be dependent on our overall borrowing levels and may significantly increase when we
acquire vessels or on the delivery of newbuildings. Interest incurred during the construction of a newbuilding is capitalized in
the cost of the newbuilding. Interest expense may also change with prevailing interest rates, although the effect of these changes
may be reduced by interest rate swaps or other derivative instruments that we enter into.
Equity in earnings of associated companies
In the year ended December 31, 2021 we had certain investments accounted for using the equity method. The total income from
associated companies accounted for 6.8% of our net income in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: 7.2% of net loss,
2019: 35.0% of net income).
Our income earned from Seadrill is through two (2020: three) wholly owned subsidiaries which were initially accounted for
using the equity method, that lease drilling units to subsidiaries of Seadrill. Following approval of the amendments to the
charter and debt agreements, SFL Hercules was no longer deemed to be a variable interest entity and became consolidated by
the Company in August 2021. SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater are also consolidated by the Company from October 2020. This
was partially offset by the addition of River Box Holding Inc. (“River Box”), previously a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company. On December 31, 2020, we sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen. We accounted for the
remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method in the year ended December 31, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates
and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of our financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The following
is a discussion of the accounting policies we apply that are considered to involve a higher degree of judgment in their
application. For details of all our material accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
59
Revenue Recognition
We generate our revenues from the charter hire of our vessels and offshore related assets, and freight billings. Revenues are
generated from time charter hire, bareboat charter hire, direct financing lease interest income, sales-type lease interest income,
leaseback assets interest income, direct financing lease service revenues, profit sharing arrangements, voyage charters and other
freight billings.
In a time charter voyage, the vessel is hired by the charterer for a specified period of time in exchange for consideration which
is based on a daily hire rate. Generally, the charterer has the discretion over the ports called on, shipping routes and vessel
speed. The contract/charter party generally provides typical warranties regarding the speed and performance of the vessel. The
charter party generally has some owner protective restrictions such that the vessel is sent only to safe ports by the charterer and
carries only lawful or non-hazardous cargo. In a time charter contract, we are responsible for all the costs incurred for running
the vessel such as crew costs, vessel insurance, repairs and maintenance and lubrication oils ("lubes") and other costs relevant to
operating the vessel. The charterer bears the voyage related costs such as bunker expenses, port charges, canal tolls during the
hire period. The performance obligations in a time charter contract are satisfied over the term of the contract beginning when
the vessel is delivered to the charterer until it is redelivered back to us. The charterer generally pays the charter hire in advance
of the upcoming contract period. The time charter contracts are either operating or direct financing or sales-type leases. Where
time charters and bareboat charters are considered operating leases revenues are recorded over the term of the charter as a
service is provided. When a time charter contract is linked to an index, we recognize revenue for the applicable period based on
the actual index for that period.
Rental payments from direct financing and sales-type leases and leaseback assets are allocated between service revenues, if
applicable, interest income and capital repayments. The amount allocated to lease service revenue is based on the estimated fair
value, at the time of entering the lease agreement, of the services provided which consist of ship management and operating
services.
In a voyage charter contract, the charterer hires the vessel to transport a specific agreed-upon cargo for a single voyage. The
consideration in such a contract is determined on the basis of a freight rate per metric ton of cargo carried or occasionally on a
lump sum basis. The charterer is responsible for any short loading of cargo or "dead" freight. The voyage charter party
generally has standard payment terms with freight paid on completion of discharge. The voyage charter party generally has a
"demurrage" clause. As per this clause, the charterer reimburses us for any potential delays exceeding the allowed laytime as
per the charter party clause at the ports visited, which is recorded as voyage revenue. Estimates and judgments are required in
ascertaining the most likely outcome of a particular voyage and actual outcomes may differ from estimates. Such estimate is
reviewed and updated over the term of the voyage charter contract. In a voyage charter contract, the performance obligations
begin to be satisfied once the vessel begins loading the cargo.
We have determined that our voyage charter contracts consist of a single performance obligation of transporting the cargo
within a specified time period. Therefore, the performance obligation is met evenly as the voyage progresses, and the revenue is
recognized on a straight-line basis over the voyage days from the commencement of loading to completion of discharge.
Contract assets with regards to voyage revenues are reported as "Voyages in progress" as the performance obligation is satisfied
over time. Voyage revenues typically become billable and due for payment on completion of the voyage and discharge of the
cargo, at which point the receivable is recognized as "Trade accounts receivable, net".
In a voyage contract, we bear all voyage related costs such as fuel costs, port charges and canal tolls. To recognize costs
incurred to fulfill a contract as an asset, the following criteria shall be met: (i) the costs relate directly to the contract, (ii) the
costs generate or enhance resources of the entity that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and (iii)
the costs are expected to be recovered. The costs incurred during the period prior to commencement of loading the cargo,
primarily bunkers, are deferred as they represent setup costs and recorded as a current asset and are subsequently amortized on a
straight-line basis as we satisfy the performance obligations under the contract. Costs incurred to obtain a contract, such as
commissions, are also deferred and expensed over the same period.
For our vessels operating under revenue sharing agreements, or in pools, revenues and voyage expenses are pooled and
allocated to each pool’s participants in accordance with an agreed-upon formula. Revenues generated through revenue sharing
agreements are presented gross when we are considered the principal under the charter parties with the net income allocated
under the revenue sharing agreement presented as within voyage charter income. For revenue sharing agreements that meet the
definition of a lease, we account for such contracts as variable rate operating leases and recognize revenue for the applicable
period based on the actual net revenue distributed by the pool.
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Any contingent elements of rental income, such as profit share, fuel savings payments or interest rate adjustments, are
recognized when the contingent conditions have materialized.
Frontline Shipping pays us a profit sharing rate of 50% of their earnings above average threshold charter rates on a time charter
equivalent basis from their use of our fleet each quarter. For each profit sharing period, the threshold is calculated as the number
of days in the period multiplied by the daily threshold TCE rates for the applicable vessels. The 50% profit sharing agreement
with Frontline Shipping is payable on a quarterly basis.
In 2015, we acquired eight Capesize dry bulk carriers from subsidiaries of Golden Ocean and immediately upon delivery each
vessel commenced a 10-year time charter to the Golden Ocean Charterer. The terms of the charters provide that we will receive
a profit sharing rate of 33% of their earnings above average threshold charter rates, calculated quarterly on a time charter
equivalent basis.
During 2019 and 2020, the charter agreements relating to seven containerships chartered to Maersk on a time charter basis were
amended after we agreed to install scrubbers on the vessels. The installation of scrubbers was completed in 2020 and 2021. As
part of the charter agreements, we receive a share of the fuel savings, dependent on the price difference between IMO compliant
fuel and IMO non-compliant fuel that is subsequently made compliant by the scrubbers. Amounts receivable under these
arrangements are accrued on the basis of amounts earned at the reporting date.
Investment in Debt and Equity Securities
Investments in debt and equity securities include share investments and interest-earning listed and unlisted corporate bonds.
Any premium paid on their acquisition is amortized over the life of the bond. Investments in debt securities are recorded at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income. Investments in equity
securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. If
circumstances arise which lead us to believe that the issuer of a corporate bond may be unable to meet its payment obligations
in full, or that the fair value at acquisition of the share investment or corporate bond may otherwise not be fully recoverable,
then to the extent that a loss is expected to arise that unrealized loss is recorded as an impairment in the statement of operations,
with an adjustment if necessary to any unrealized gains or losses previously recorded in other comprehensive income. In
determining whether we have an other-than-temporary impairment in our investment in bonds, in addition to our intention and
ability to hold the investments until the market recovers, we consider the period of decline, the amount and the severity of the
decline and the ability of the investment to recover in the near to medium term. We also evaluate if the underlying security
provided by the bonds is sufficient to ensure that the decline in fair value of these bonds did not result in an other-than-
temporary impairment.
The cost of disposals or reclassifications from other comprehensive income is calculated on an average cost basis, where
applicable.
The fair value of unlisted corporate bonds is determined from an analysis of projected cash flows, based on factors including
the terms, provisions and other characteristics of the bonds, credit ratings and default risk of the issuing entity, the fundamental
financial and other characteristics of that entity, and the current economic environment and trading activity in the debt market.
Vessels and equipment (including operating lease assets)
Vessels and equipment are recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and, if appropriate, impairment charges.
The cost of these assets less estimated residual value is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining
economic useful life of the asset. The estimated economic useful life of our offshore assets, including drilling rigs and
drillships, is 30 years and for all other vessels it is 25 years.
Where an asset is subject to an operating lease that includes fixed price purchase options, the projected net book value of the
asset is compared to the option price at the various option dates. If any option price is less than the projected net book value at
an option date, the initial depreciation schedule is amended so that the carrying value of the asset is written down on a straight
line basis to the option price at the option date. If the option is not exercised, this process is repeated so as to amortize the
remaining carrying value, on a straight line basis, to the estimated recycling value or the option price at the next option date, as
appropriate.
This accounting policy for fixed assets has the effect that if an option is exercised there will be either a) no gain or loss on the
sale of the asset or b) in the event that the option is exercised at a price in excess of the net book value at the option date, a gain
will be reported in the statement of operations at the date of delivery to the new owners, under the heading "gain on sale of
assets".
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We capitalize and depreciate the costs of significant replacements, renewals and upgrades to its vessels over the shorter of the
vessel’s remaining useful life or the life of the renewal or upgrade. The amount capitalized is based on management’s judgment
as to expenditures that extend a vessel’s useful life or increase the operational efficiency of a vessel. Costs that are not
capitalized are recorded as a component of direct vessel operating expenses during the period incurred. Expenses for routine
maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Advances paid in respect of vessel upgrades in relation to Exhaust Gas
Cleaning Systems ("EGCS") and Ballast water treatment systems ("BWTS") are included within "other long-term assets", until
such time as the equipment is installed on a vessel, at which point it is transferred to "Vessels and equipment, net".
If the estimated economic useful life or estimated residual value of a particular vessel is incorrect, or circumstances change and
the estimated economic useful life and/or residual value have to be revised, an impairment loss could result in future periods.
We monitor the carrying values of our vessels, including direct financing lease assets, and revise the estimated useful lives and
residual values of any vessels where appropriate, particularly when new regulations are implemented.
Vessels and Equipment under Finance lease
We charter-in certain vessels and equipment under leasing agreements. Leases of vessels and equipment, where we have
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as "vessels under finance lease", with corresponding finance
lease liabilities recorded.
We capitalize and depreciate the costs of significant replacements, renewals and upgrades to its vessels over the shorter of the
vessel’s remaining useful life or the life of the renewal or upgrade. The amount capitalized is based on management’s judgment
as to expenditures that extend a vessel’s useful life or increase the operational efficiency of a vessel. Costs that are not
capitalized are recorded as a component of direct vessel operating expenses during the period incurred. Expenses for routine
maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Advances paid in respect of vessel upgrades in relation to EGCS and BWTS
are included within "other long-term assets", until such time as the equipment is installed on a vessel, at which point it is
transferred to "Vessels under finance lease, net".
Depreciation of vessels and equipment under finance lease is included within "Depreciation" in the consolidated statement of
operations. Vessels and equipment under finance lease are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the vessels' remaining
economic useful lives or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The method applied is determined by the criteria by
which the lease has been assessed to be a finance lease.
Investment in Sales-Type and Direct Financing Leases
Leases (charters) of our vessels where we are the lessor are classified as either direct financing, sales-type leases, operating
leases, or leaseback assets based on an assessment of the terms of the lease. For charters classified as direct financing leases, the
minimum lease payments (reduced in the case of time chartered vessels by projected vessel operating costs) plus the estimated
residual value of the vessel are recorded as the gross investment in the direct financing lease.
For direct financing leases, the difference between the gross investment in the lease and the carrying value of the vessel is
recorded as unearned lease interest income. The net investment in the lease consists of the gross investment less the unearned
income. Over the period of the lease each charter payment received, net of vessel operating costs if applicable, is allocated
between "lease interest income" and "repayment of investment in lease" in such a way as to produce a constant percentage rate
of return on the balance of the net investment in the direct financing lease. Thus, as the balance of the net investment in each
direct financing lease decreases, a lower proportion of each lease payment received is allocated to lease interest income and a
greater proportion is allocated to lease repayment. For direct financing leases relating to time chartered vessels, the portion of
each time charter payment received that relates to vessel operating costs is classified as "service revenue - direct financing
leases".
For sales-type leases, the difference between the gross investment in the lease and the present value of its components, i.e. the
minimum lease payments and the estimated residual value, is recorded as unearned lease interest income. The discount rate
used in determining the present values is the interest rate implicit in the lease. The present value of the minimum lease
payments, computed using the interest rate implicit in the lease, is recorded as the sales price, from which the carrying value of
the vessel at the commencement of the lease is deducted in order to determine the profit or loss on sale. As is the case for direct
financing leases, the unearned lease interest income is amortized to income over the period of the lease so as to produce a
constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
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The difference between the fair value of the leased asset and the costs results in a selling profit or loss. A selling profit is
recognized at lease commencement for sales-type leases and over the lease term for direct financing leases. Selling loss is
recognized at lease commencement for both sales-type and direct financing leases. The fair value is considered to be the cost of
acquiring the vessel unless a significant period has elapsed between the acquisition of the vessel and the commencement of the
lease.
We estimate the unguaranteed residual value of our direct financing lease assets at the end of the lease period by calculating
depreciation in accordance with our accounting policies over the estimated useful life of the asset. Residual values are reviewed
at least annually to ensure that original estimates remain appropriate.
There is a degree of uncertainty involved in the estimation of the unguaranteed residual values of assets leased under both
operating and direct financing or sales-type leases. Global effects of supply and demand for oil and other cargoes, and changes
in international government regulations cause volatility in the spot market for second-hand vessels. Where assets are held until
the end of their useful lives the unguaranteed residual value (i.e. recycling value) will fluctuate with the price of steel and any
changes in laws related to the ship recycling process, commonly known as ship breaking.
Classification of a lease involves the use of estimates or assumptions about fair values of leased vessels and expected future
values of vessels. We generally base our estimates of fair value on independent broker valuations of each of our vessels. Our
estimates of expected future values of vessels are based on current fair values amortized in accordance with our standard
depreciation policy for owned vessels.
If the terms of an existing lease are agreed to be amended, the modification is evaluated to consider if it is a contract which
occurs when the modification grants the lessee an additional right-of-use not included in the original lease and the lease
payments increase commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use, adjusted for the circumstances of the
particular contract. If both conditions are met, the amendments are treated as a separate lease. If the conditions are not met, the
lease is re-evaluated under ASC 842 as a new lease with the new terms.
Leaseback assets
Any vessels purchased and leased back to the same party are evaluated under sale and leaseback accounting to determine
whether it is appropriate to account for the transaction as a sale and purchase of an asset, respectively. If control is deemed not
to have passed to us as purchaser, due for example to the lessee having purchase options, the transaction is accounted for under
ASC 310 where the purchase price paid is accounted for as loan receivable and described as a leaseback asset. Interest income
is recognized on the aggregate loan receivable based on the imputed interest rate and the part of the rental income received is
allocated as a reduction of the vessel loan balance.
Fixed Price Purchase Options
Where an asset is subject to an operating lease that includes fixed price purchase options, the projected net book value of the
asset is compared to the option price at the various option dates. If any option price is less than the projected net book value at
an option date, the initial depreciation schedule is amended so that the carrying value of the asset is written down on a straight
line basis to the option price at the option date. If the option is not exercised, this process is repeated so as to amortize the
remaining carrying value, on a straight line basis, to the estimated recycling value or the option price at the next option date, as
appropriate.
Similarly, where a sales-type lease, direct financing or leaseback asset charter arrangement containing fixed price purchase
options, the projected carrying value of the net investment in the lease is compared to the option price at the various option
dates. If any option price is less than the projected net investment in the lease at an option date, the rate of amortization of
unearned lease interest income is adjusted to reduce the net investment in the lease to the option price at the option date. If the
option is not exercised, this process is repeated so as to reduce the net investment in the lease to the un-guaranteed residual
value or the option price at the next option date, as appropriate.
Thus, for operating assets and direct financing and sales-type lease assets or leaseback asset, if an option is exercised there will
either be (a) no gain or loss on the exercise of the option or (b) in the event that an option is exercised at a price in excess of the
net book value of the asset or the net investment in the lease, as appropriate, at the option date, a gain will be reported in the
statement of operations at the date of delivery to the new owners.
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The vessels and rigs held and used by us are reviewed for impairment on a quarterly basis and whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment charge would be recognized
if the estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the vessel or rig and its eventual disposal is
less than its carrying amount. When testing for impairment, we consider daily rates currently in effect for existing charters, the
possibility of any medium or long-term charter arrangements being terminated early and, using historical trends, estimated daily
rates for each vessel or rig for its remaining useful life not covered by existing charters. In assessing the recoverability of
carrying amounts, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows. These assumptions include assumptions
about spot market rates, operating costs and the estimated economic useful life of these assets. In making these assumptions we
refer to five-year and ten-year historical trends and performance, as well as any known future factors. Factors we consider
important which could affect recoverability and trigger impairment include significant underperformance relative to expected
operating results, new regulations that change the estimated useful economic lives of our vessels and rigs, and significant
negative industry or economic trends.
In 2019, reviews of the carrying value of long-lived assets indicated that five offshore support vessels and the two feeder size
container vessels were impaired, and charges were taken against these assets. In 2020, reviews of the carrying value of long-
lived assets indicated that seven Handysize bulk carriers and one drilling unit were impaired, and charges were taken against
these assets. In 2021, reviews of the carrying value of long-lived assets indicated that one drilling unit was impaired, and
charges were taken against the asset.
Vessel Market Values
As we obtain information from various industry and other sources, our estimates of vessel market values are inherently
uncertain. In addition, charter-free market values are highly volatile and any estimate of market value may not be indicative of
the current or future basic market value of our vessels or prices that we could achieve if we were to sell them. Moreover, we are
not holding our vessels for sale, except as otherwise noted in this report, and most of our vessels are currently employed under
long-term charters or leases or other arrangements. There is not a ready liquid market for vessels that are subject to such
arrangements.
During the past few years, the charter-free market values of vessels have experienced particular volatility, with substantial
declines in many vessel classes. As a result, the charter-free market values of many of our vessels have declined below those
vessels' carrying value. However, we would not impair those vessels' carrying value under our accounting impairment policy, if
we expect future cash flows receivable from the vessels over their remaining useful lives, including existing charters, to exceed
the carrying values of such vessels.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned 55 vessels and rigs. The aggregate carrying value of these 55 assets as of December 31,
2021, was $2.4 billion, as summarized in the table below. The table is presented in the context of the markets in which the
vessels operate, with crude oil tankers, oil product tankers and chemical tankers grouped together under "Tanker vessels",
container vessels and car carriers grouped together under "Liners" and jack-up drilling rigs and ultra-deepwater drilling units
grouped together under "Offshore units".
Tanker vessels (1)
Dry bulk carriers (2)
Liners (3)
Offshore units (4)
Number of
owned vessels
Aggregate carrying value at
December 31, 2021
($ millions)
12
15
26
2
55
462
329
1,045
599
2,435
(1) Includes eight vessels with an aggregate carrying value of $270 million, which we believe exceeds their aggregate charter-
free market value by approximately $42 million and four vessels with a carrying value of $192 million which we believe is
approximately $34 million less than their charter-free market value.
(2) Includes five vessels with an aggregate carrying value of $103 million, which we believe exceeds their aggregate charter-
free market value by approximately $18 million and 10 vessels with a carrying value of $226 million which we believe is
approximately $54 million less than their charter-free market value.
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(3) Includes no vessels with an aggregate carrying value which we believe exceeds their aggregate charter-free market value
and 26 vessels with an aggregate carrying value of $1,045 million, which we believe is approximately $1,180 million less
than their charter-free market value.
(4) Includes one jack-up drilling rig with an aggregate carrying value of $343 million which we believe exceeds its aggregate
charter-free market value by approximately $37 million and one ultra-deepwater drilling unit with an aggregate carrying
value of $256 million, which we believe is approximately $96 million less than its charter-free market value.
The above aggregate carrying value of $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2021 is made up of (a) $205 million investments in
direct finance leases (excluding the chartered-in container vessels MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef), and
(b) $2,231 million vessels and equipment (excluding seven container vessels included in vessels under finance lease).
Finance Lease liabilities
We charter-in certain vessels and equipment under leasing agreements. Leases of vessels and equipment, where we have
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance lease assets, with corresponding finance lease
liabilities recorded. Finance lease assets are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the lower between the fair value of
the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between liability and
finance charges to achieve a constant rate on the capital balance outstanding. The interest element of the capital cost is charged
to the Consolidated Statement of Operations over the lease period.
Convertible Bonds
We account for debt instruments with convertible features in accordance with the details and substance of the instruments at the
time of their issuance. For convertible debt instruments issued at a substantial premium to equivalent instruments without
conversion features, or those that may be settled in cash upon conversion, it is presumed that the premium or cash conversion
option represents an equity component. Accordingly, we determine the carrying amounts of the liability and equity components
of such convertible debt instruments by first determining the carrying amount of the liability component by measuring the fair
value of a similar liability that does not have an equity component. The carrying amount of the equity component representing
the embedded conversion option is then determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the total
proceeds from the issue. The resulting equity component is recorded, with a corresponding offset to debt discount which is
subsequently amortized to interest cost using the effective interest method over the period the debt is expected to be outstanding
as an additional non-cash interest expense. Transaction costs associated with the instrument are allocated pro-rata between the
debt and equity components.
Mark-to-Market Valuation of Financial Instruments
We enter into interest rate and currency swap transactions, total return bond swaps and total return equity swaps. As required by
ASC Topic 815 "Derivatives and Hedging", the mark-to-market valuations of these transactions are recognized as assets or
liabilities, with changes in their fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations or, in the case of swaps
designated as hedges to underlying loans, in other comprehensive income. To determine the market valuation of these
instruments, we use a variety of assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date.
All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
Variable Interest Entities
A variable interest entity is defined in ASC Topic 810 "Consolidation" ("ASC 810") as a legal entity where either (a) the total
equity at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated support; (b) equity
interest holders as a group lack either i) the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact on its
economic success, ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or iii) the right to receive the expected residual
returns of the entity; or (c) the voting rights of some investors in the entity are not proportional to their economic interests and
the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a disproportionately small voting interest.
ASC 810 requires a variable interest entity to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, being the interest holder, if any, which
has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the entity which most significantly impact on the entity's economic
performance, and (2) the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses from the entity which could potentially be
significant to the entity.
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In applying the provisions of ASC 810, we must make assessments in respect of, but not limited to, the sufficiency of the equity
investment in the underlying entity and the extent to which interest holders have the power to direct activities. These
assessments include assumptions about future revenues and operating costs, fair values of assets, and estimated economic useful
lives of assets of the underlying entity.
Allowance for expected credit losses
The balances recorded in respect of Trade receivables, Other receivables, Related party receivables, Other long term assets and
Investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets reflect the risk that our customers may fail to meet
their payment obligations and the risk that the underlying asset value of the vessels and rigs could be less than the unguaranteed
residual value.
The Company estimates the expected risk of loss over the remaining life using a probability of default and net exposure
analysis. The probability of default is estimated based on historical cumulative default data, adjusted for current conditions of
similarly risk-rated counterparties over the contractual term. The net exposure is estimated based on the exposure, net of the
estimated value of the underlying vessels and rigs in the instance of Investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and
leaseback assets, over the contractual term.
Current expected credit loss provisions are classified as expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, with a
corresponding allowance for credit loss amount reported as a reduction in the related balance sheet amount of Trade
receivables, Other receivables, Related party receivables, Other long term assets and Investments in sales-type leases, direct
financing leases and leaseback assets. Partial or full recoveries of amounts previously written off are generally recognized as a
reduction in the provision for credit losses.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "'Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets
and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2021-08"). This ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606 to
recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments improve
comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue
contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business
combination. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2022, and are applied prospectively
to business combinations that occur after the effective date. The Company will evaluate these amendments based on the facts
and circumstances of any future business combinations.
In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, "Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease
Payments" ("ASU 2021-05"). The amendments in this ASU affect lessors with lease contracts that (1) have variable lease
payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate and (2) would have resulted in the recognition of a selling loss at
lease commencement if classified as sales-type or direct financing. The Update stipulates that lessors with such leases should
classify them as operating leases if both of the following criteria are met: (1) The lease would have been classified as a sales-
type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC paragraphs 842-10-25-2 through 25-3;
and (2) The lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. This new standard amends the lease classification
requirements for lessors to align them with practice under ASC Topic 840. When a lease is classified as operating, the lessor
does not recognize a net investment in the lease, does not derecognize the underlying asset, and, therefore, does not recognize a
selling profit or loss. ASU 2021-05 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Entities
have the option to apply the amendments either (1) retrospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after the
adoption of Update 2016- 02 or (2) prospectively to leases that commence or are modified on or after the date that an entity first
applies the amendments. The Company intends to choose the prospective option and the effect on the financial statements will
be evaluated based on the facts and circumstances of future lease contracts.
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In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments
(Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s
Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified
Written Call Options" ("ASU 2021-04"). This new standard provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a
freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) How
an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call
option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) How an entity should measure the effect of a
modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after
modification or exchange; and (3) How an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding
equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. ASU 2021-04 is effective for
fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU
2021-04 will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference
Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 848 provided temporary optional expedients
and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to reduce the financial reporting
burden in light of the market transition from LIBOR and other reference interest rates to alternative reference rates. Under ASC
848, companies can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate
reform if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not be required to remeasure the contracts at the
modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. The amendments of ASC 848 apply only to contracts,
hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued
because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, which clarified the scope of Topic 848 in
relation to derivative instruments and contract modifications. The amendments in these updates are elective and are subject to
meeting certain criteria, that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another
reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments in these updates are effective for
all entities since March 12, 2020 through to December 31, 2022. The Company has determined that the reference rate reform
will impact its floating rate debt facilities and interest rate swaps contracts. In order to preserve the presentation of derivatives
consistent with past presentation, the Company expects to take advantage of the expedients and exceptions provided by the
ASUs when LIBOR is discontinued and replaced with alternative reference rates.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's
Own Equity" ("ASU 2020-06"). ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion
and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to
equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as
a single liability measured at its amortized cost or will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical
cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. By removing those separation models, the
interest rate of convertible debt instruments typically will be closer to the coupon interest rate. ASU 2020-06 also introduces
additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity.
ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all
convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective from January 1, 2022 and the Company plans to adopt the amendments on a
modified retrospective basis. Based on a preliminary assessment the Company expects the adoption of ASU 2020-06 to involve
adjustments to the opening balance of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital and unamortized debt issuance costs. The
Company estimates the net impact of this adjustment to stockholders' equity to be less than $2 million, although this is subject
to change based upon repurchases and issuances of convertible debt prior to implementation. Also, it is not expected that the
amendments will have any material impact on the Company's calculation of basic or diluted earnings per share.
Market Overview
The Oil Tanker Market
The crude tanker freight market has experienced volatility during the last decade. During 2021, we continued to see easing rates
with the tankers earning environment among the weakest observed over the last 30 years. The average spot charter rates for
VLCCs were approximately $3,200 per vessel per day (or $8,300 per day for scrubber fitted vessels) in 2021, a significant
reduction from $53,100 per day in 2020. In 2019 the average spot charter rates for VLCCs were approximately $41,400 per
day. The tanker market remained at low levels throughout 2021 with extended crude oil supply cuts. Suezmax tanker spot rates
also experienced weaker earnings than the previous year, with average spot rates at approximately $7,300 (or $10,600 per day
for scrubber fitted vessels) compared to $30,200 per day for 2020.
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Overall, tonnage demand for crude tankers decreased by 2.7% in 2021, compared to a decrease of 7.5% in 2020. However, on
the supply side, crude oil tanker capacity increased by 3.3% in 2021, compared to a 1.1% growth in 2020.
At the end of 2021 the total orderbook for new VLCCs and Suezmax tankers consisted, respectively, of 68 vessels and 50
vessels, representing approximately 8% of the respective fleets.
The oil tanker market remains highly uncertain with continued negative effects from the COVID-19 outbreak resulting in lower
global oil demand and enforced oil production cuts anticipated to continue to impact the tanker market during 2022.
The Dry Bulk Shipping Market
The dry bulk shipping market has experienced volatile market conditions and an increase in disruption with continued
COVID-19 effects amplified by rebounding demand resulting in dry bulk sector earnings averaging the highest levels since
2008. During 2021 fleet capacity increased by approximately 3.6%, while tonnage demand increased by an estimated 4.2%. At
the start of 2022, industry sources estimated that seaborne dry bulk trade was projected to grow by 2.2% in tonne-miles in 2022.
This is more than the projected fleet capacity growth of 2.0%. A number of risk factors may impact the outlook including
seasonal trends, disruptions to iron ore output and easing of congestion following the continued COVID-19 outbreak which is
also anticipated to impact the dry bulk shipping market during 2022.
The average earnings during 2021 for a Capesize, a Supramax and a Handysize dry bulk carrier were $28,000 per day ($31,100
per day for a scrubber fitted Capesize), $27,400 per day and $25,700 per day respectively, representing an increase from 2020
of 163%, 210% and 207%, respectively.
During the year, contracting for newbuilding dry bulk carriers increased to an estimated 38.6 million dwt up from 23.8 million
dwt in 2020, while deliveries of new vessels amounted to approximately 37.9 million dwt and recycling removed approximately
5.1 million dwt. As a result, fleet capacity increased by 32.6 million dwt, equivalent to approximately 3.6% of the total fleet
size year on year. During December 2021, the total orderbook for new dry bulk carriers was 66.0 million dwt, equivalent to 7%
of the existing fleet.
The Freight Liner Market (Containerships and Car Carriers)
The container charter market experienced extraordinary market conditions throughout 2021 with a major rebound in global
container volumes and upside from continued severe logistical disruptions and port congestions which reduced available
capacity. Although market uncertainties continue, near term outlook remains positive with a strong start to 2022.
Global container trade (TEU-miles) is estimated to have increased by 6.5% in 2021 across the full year, as demand side trends
remain firm with global trade volumes above levels seen pre COVID-19 outbreak.
Containership fleet capacity expanded by a total of 4.5% in 2021 compared to 2.9% in 2020. 2021 saw a moderate pace of
deliveries, with deliveries during the full year of 2021, totaling 162 vessels of 1.1 million TEU comparing to 137 vessels of
0.85 million TEU in 2020. Contracting increased following extraordinary market conditions with 548 vessels of 4.2 million
TEU contracted in total during 2021. During the start of 2022, the orderbook stood at 722 vessels of 5.7 million TEU.
Following significant number or newbuilding orders placed during 2021, there is still uncertainty around the selection of fuel
technology.
The ongoing changes in environmental and regulatory requirements continue to play an important role in the sector. At the start
of 2022, according to industry sources, two years since the introduction of the IMO 2020 global sulfur cap, the majority of the
container fleet has switched to low sulfur fuels. Currently 32% of the fleet capacity is now scrubber fitted.
Seaborne car trade market was one of the markets most significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial disruption to
volumes was significant with a 55% drop in volumes year on year during the second quarter of 2020. During 2021 seaborne car
trade volumes have been well above the weakest level seen during 2020, with the car carrier market experiencing a swift
rebound. While seaborne car exports are on track to improve from 2020, challenges still remain with global semiconductor
shortages impacting car output.
Seaborne car trade on an annualized basis was calculated to have increased by approximately 11% in 2021 to 18.6 million cars,
excluding intra-EU. The increase in seaborne car trade volumes follows a decline of 21% in 2020. During the fourth quarter of
2021, the total fleet stood at 764 vessels which totaled 4.0 million CEU of capacity, up 1.1% from the start of 2021.
68
The Offshore Drilling Market
The oil price (Brent crude spot) has experienced significant volatility during the last decade. The oil price fluctuated from
yearly average levels above $100 dollars to reach a level below $20 dollars in 2020. The high oil price was attractive to oil and
gas companies and prompted them to substantially increase their investment in offshore exploration and development activity,
resulting in full utilization and record high day rates for mobile offshore drilling units up until 2014.
The market for floating drilling rigs has changed drastically, with over 100 floating rigs being retired over the past years. The
global offshore drilling market showed signs of recovery during 2021 and with oil prices increasing in the second half making
an increasing number of offshore projects economically viable.
At the end of September 2021, 482 offshore rigs were employed under contract compared with 476 rigs employed under
contract as per the end of 2020.
The above overviews of the various sectors in which we operate are based on current market conditions. However, market
developments cannot always be predicted and may differ from our current expectations. The overviews provided are based on
information, data and estimates derived from industry sources available as of the date of this annual report, and there can be no
assurances that such trends will continue or that any anticipated developments referenced in such section will materialize. This
information, data and estimates involve a number of assumptions and limitations, are subject to risks and uncertainties, and are
subject to change based on various factors. You are cautioned not to give undue weight to such information, data and estimates.
We have not independently verified any third-party information, verified that more recent information is not available and
undertake no obligation to update this information unless legally obligated.
Inflation
Many of our time chartered vessels are subject to operating and management agreements that have the charges for these
services fixed for the term of the charter. Thus, although inflation has a moderate impact on our corporate overheads and our
vessel operating expenses, we do not consider inflation to be a significant risk to direct costs in the current and foreseeable
economic environment. In addition, in a shipping downturn, costs subject to inflation can usually be controlled because
shipping companies typically monitor costs to preserve liquidity and encourage suppliers and service providers to lower rates
and prices in the event of a downturn.
Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2021, compared with year ended December 31, 2020
Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $164.3 million compared to a net loss of $224.4 million from the year
ended December 31, 2020.
(in thousands of $)
Total operating revenues
Gain on sale of assets
Total operating expenses
Net operating income/(loss)
Interest income
Interest expense
(Loss)/gain on purchase of bonds and debt extinguishment
Gain on sale of subsidiaries, non-operating
Other non-operating items (net)
Equity in earnings of associated companies
Net income/(loss)
69
2021
513,396
39,405
309,963
242,838
7,450
2020
471,047
2,250
611,471
(138,174)
13,400
(97,090)
(135,442)
(727)
—
7,678
4,194
164,343
67,533
1,894
(37,922)
4,286
(224,425)
Net operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $242.8 million, compared with net operating loss of $138.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was principally due to higher operating expenses in 2020 resulting
from impairment losses recognized on the carrying value of our long-lived assets due to changes in expected future cash flows
following uncertainty over future demand combined with negative implications for global trade of dry bulk commodities as a
result of the COVID-19 outbreak and a net gain in 2021 of $39.4 million mainly from the sale of seven handysize bulk carriers.
The overall net income for 2021 compared with a loss of 2020 was a positive movement of $388.8 million mainly due to the
impairments in net operating expenses in 2020, the gain on the sale of assets which was described above, and net gains of $7.7
million recorded in other non-operating items in 2021. Other non-operating items, net for 2021 mainly relate to a net gain of
$11.6 million from positive mark-to-market adjustments on non-designated derivatives compared with a loss of $20.4 million in
2020.
River Box was previously a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through
its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. On
December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party, and has
accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated
Companies). The net income of the River Box group is included under “equity in earnings of associated companies” during
2021.
In August 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary owning the ultra-deepwater drilling unit West Hercules ceased to be accounted for
as an associate and became consolidated. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2020, the two wholly owned subsidiaries owning
the drilling rigs West Taurus and West Linus ceased to be accounted for as associates and became consolidated. The net income
of the wholly-owned subsidiaries owning these assets are included under “equity in earnings of associated companies”, for the
period these are accounted for under the equity method. In the year ended December 31, 2020, two ultra-deepwater drilling
units and one harsh environment jack-up drilling rig were accounted for under the equity method.
Operating revenues
(in thousands of $)
Sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income
Service revenues from direct financing leases
Profit sharing revenues
Time charter revenues
Bareboat charter revenues
Voyage charter revenues
Other operating income
Total operating revenues
2021
19,524
6,570
20,704
2020
71,216
6,903
22,569
369,745
320,589
30,696
61,804
4,353
7,863
37,287
4,620
513,396
471,047
Total operating revenues increased by 9.0% in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with the year ended December 31,
2020.
Sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income
Sales-type leases and direct financing leases interest income arises on our two crude oil tankers on charter to Frontline
Shipping, 25 container vessels on charter to MSC, from which 15 vessels were delivered back to MSC between August 2021
and September 2021 following a purchase option exercised by MSC and one drilling rig on charter to Seadrill until its
reclassification as operating lease on March 9, 2021. In addition, the Company has leaseback interest income from one VLCC
and three feeder container vessels chartered to MSC, until their delivery back to MSC in August 2021 following a purchase
option exercised.
In general, sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income reduces over the terms of our leases. A
greater proportion of rental payment is treated as repayment of investment in the lease or loan and progressively, as the capital
is repaid, interest payments by the applicable lessee decreases.
70
The $51.7 million decrease in sales-type, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income from 2020 to 2021 is
mainly a result of the sale and delivery of 18 feeder container vessels to MSC in August 2021 and September 2021, following
the exercise of the applicable purchase options in their lease contracts, the sale of four container vessels as part of the sale of
50.1% of River Box in December 2020, the sale of one VLCC in February 2020, which was on charter to Frontline Shipping
and the sale of three VLCCs in August 2020 and November 2020 on charter to Hunter Group. This significantly reduced
interest income was partially offset by the addition of one VLCC in the second quarter of 2020.
Service revenues from direct financing leases
The vessels chartered on direct financing leases to Frontline Shipping are leased on time charter terms, whereby we are
responsible for the management and operation of such vessels. This has been managed by entering into fixed price agreements
with Frontline Management (Bermuda) Ltd. (“Frontline Management”), a subsidiary of Frontline, whereby we pay them
management fees of $9,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Frontline Shipping. Accordingly, $9,000 per day is allocated
from each time charter payment received from Frontline Shipping to cover lease executory costs, and this is classified as "direct
financing lease service revenue". The $0.3 million reduction in finance lease service revenue is due to the sale of one VLCC in
February 2020 which was previously on charter to Frontline Shipping.
Profit share revenues
We have a profit sharing arrangement with Frontline Shipping whereby we are entitled to 50% profit share above the base
charter rates, calculated and paid on a quarterly basis. We earned and recognized profit sharing revenue under this arrangement
of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared with $18.6 million in 2020. The decrease is attributable to a less
favorable tanker market in 2021. The profit share was earned on two vessels in 2021 compared to three vessels in 2020.
We also have a profit sharing arrangement related to the eight dry bulk vessels on charter to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean,
whereby we earn a 33% share of profit above the base charter rates, calculated and paid on a quarterly basis. In the year ended
December 31, 2021, we recorded a profit share revenue of $9.8 million under this arrangement compared with $0.0 million
profit share in 2020. The increase is attributable to more favorable rates in 2021 for the dry bulk vessels.
We recorded $10.6 million from a fuel saving arrangement relating to seven container vessels on charter to Maersk, following
the installation of scrubbers (2020: $3.9 million relating to five container vessels). The Company is entitled to a share of the
fuel savings dependent on the price difference between IMO compliant fuel and IMO non-compliant fuel.
Time charter revenues
During 2021, time charter revenues were earned by 21 container vessels, two car carriers, 22 dry bulk carriers, seven of which
were sold in the fourth quarter of 2021, one Suezmax tanker and four product tankers. The $49.2 million increase in time
charter revenues in 2021 compared with 2020, was mainly the result of the acquisition of five container vessels in the third
quarter of 2021, two product tankers and one Suezmax tanker in the fourth quarter of 2021 and due to more drydocking and off
hire days in 2020 for scrubber installations.
Bareboat charter revenues
Bareboat charter revenues are earned by our vessels and rigs which are leased under operating leases on a bareboat basis. In
2021, this consisted of two chemical tankers and two drilling rigs on charter to Seadrill. The $22.8 million increase in bareboat
revenue in 2021 compared with 2020, was a result of the reclassification of the West Linus lease from a direct financing lease to
an operating lease in March 2021. In addition, in August 2021, the wholly owned subsidiary owning the ultra-deepwater
drilling unit West Hercules ceased to be accounted for as an associate and became consolidated. In June 2021 and November
2021, our chemical tankers completed their respective bareboat charters and were subsequently chartered in the spot market.
Voyage charter revenues
The $24.5 million increase in voyage charter revenues from 2020 to 2021 was mainly attributable to the voyage charter revenue
of the Handysize dry bulk carriers which are sometimes chartered on a voyage-by-voyage basis. Seven of these vessels had
voyage revenue in 2021, compared to three vessels in 2020. The above vessels also had more favorable rates in 2021 compared
to 2020 due to favorable market conditions. In addition, both our chemical tankers completed their bareboat charters in June
and November 2021 respectively and were subsequently chartered in the spot market. The above is slightly offset by the
relative lower earnings of the two Suezmax tankers, Everbright and Glorycrown, trading in a pool together with two similar
tankers owned by Frontline. The decrease is attributable to a less favorable tanker market in 2021 compared with 2020.
71
Cash flows arising from sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
The following table analyzes our cash flows from the sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets with
Frontline Shipping, Seadrill, MSC, Landbridge and Hunter Group during 2021 and 2020, and shows how they are accounted
for:
(in thousands of $)
Charter hire payments accounted for as:
Sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback assets interest income
Service revenue from direct financing leases
Repayments from sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Total direct financing and sales-type lease payments received
2021
2020
19,524
6,570
36,276
62,370
71,216
6,903
60,590
138,709
Gain/(loss) on sale of assets
In 2021, the net gain of $39.4 million arose on the disposal of 18 feeder container vessels, previously on long term charter to
MSC, seven Handysize bulk carriers, previously operating in the spot market and one drilling unit (West Taurus), which was
sold for recycling. (See Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
In 2020, a net gain of $2.3 million was recorded, arising from the disposal of one VLCC (Front Hakata) and five offshore
support vessels (Sea Cheetah, Sea Jaguar, Sea Halibut, Sea Pike and Sea Leopard) to unrelated third parties. (See Note 8: Gain
on Sale of Assets). Also in 2020, we sold the three VLCCs Hunter Atla, Hunter Saga and Hunter Laga. The sale proceeds
equaled their carrying value at the date of sale and therefore no gain or loss was recorded on the sale of these vessels.
Operating expenses
(in thousands of $)
Vessel operating expenses
Depreciation
Vessel impairment charge
Administrative expenses
2021
156,732
138,330
1,927
12,974
309,963
2020
155,643
111,279
333,149
11,400
611,471
Vessel operating expenses include operating and occasional voyage expenses for the container vessels, dry bulk carriers,
product and Suezmax tankers and car carriers operated on a time charter basis and managed by related and unrelated parties,
and also voyage expenses from our two Suezmax tankers trading in a pool together with two tankers owned by Frontline, two
chemical tankers operating in the spot market since June and November 2021 and certain Handysize dry bulk carriers operating
in the spot market until their disposal in the fourth quarter of 2021. In addition, vessel operating expenses include payments to
Frontline Management of $9,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Frontline Shipping and also payments to Golden Ocean
Management of $7,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Golden Ocean Charterer, in accordance with the vessel management
agreements.
Vessel operating expenses increased by $1.1 million in 2021, compared with 2020. The increase was driven by an increase in
voyage expenses for the Handysize dry bulk carriers operating in the spot market which was partially offset by a decrease in
drydocking costs as eight vessels had dry dock costs in 2021, compared to 15 in 2020.
Depreciation expenses relate to vessels owned by the Company or vessel leased-in under finance leases, that are not accounted
for as investments in sales-type direct financing and leaseback assets. The increase in depreciation of $27.1 million for 2021,
compared to the same period in 2020, was mainly due to the consolidation of two rigs which were previously accounted for as
associates, the acquisition of five container vessels in the third quarter of 2021 and the acquisition of one Suezmax tanker and
two product tankers in the fourth quarter of 2021 which started to be depreciated.
72
In 2021, an impairment charge of $1.9 million was recorded on one of our rigs (West Taurus), which was sold for recycling in
September 2021. In 2020, impairment charges of $80.5 million were recorded against the carrying value of seven Handysize
dry bulk vessels and one offshore support vessel, all of which have since been disposed of. The impairment charge on the dry
bulk vessels arose in 2020, as a result of revised future cashflow estimates following uncertainty over future demand combined
with negative implications for global trade of dry bulk commodities as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, in 2020
an impairment charge of $252.6 million was recorded against the drilling unit West Taurus, which was accounted for within
investment in associated companies until October 2020. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
The 14% increase in administrative expenses for 2021, compared with 2020, is mainly due to increased salary costs due to
increased headcount. Increases in professional fees and office costs also contributed to the higher administrative expenses.
Interest income
Total interest income decreased from $13.4 million in 2020 to $7.5 million in 2021, mainly due to reduced interest income on
the loans to associates and lower interest received on bank and short term deposits. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the two wholly
owned subsidiaries SFL Deepwater and SFL Linus ceased to be accounted for as associated companies and became
consolidated. In addition, in August 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary owning the ultra-deepwater drilling unit West Hercules
ceased to be accounted for as an associate and became consolidated and as a result interest income for this rig is only
recognized up to the consolidation date. This has been partially offset by interest income received from the loan to River Box.
On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party and has
accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in
Associated Companies).
Interest expense
(in thousands of $)
Interest on US$ floating rate loans
Interest on NOK 500 million floating rate bonds due 2020
Interest on NOK 700 million floating rate bonds due 2023
Interest on NOK 700 million floating rate bonds due 2024
Interest on NOK 600 million floating rate bonds due 2025
Interest on 5.75% convertible bonds due 2021
Interest on 4.875% convertible bonds due 2023
Interest on 7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
Interest on lease debt financing
Swap interest
Interest on finance lease obligation
Other interest
Amortization of deferred charges
2021
25,218
—
4,235
4,130
3,114
8,004
6,728
6,888
1,147
5,239
25,848
267
6,272
97,090
2020
28,560
1,007
4,409
4,200
2,910
12,203
6,979
—
—
5,897
59,551
686
9,040
135,442
73
As of December 31, 2021, the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, had total debt principal outstanding of $1.9
billion (2020: $1.7 billion) comprising of:
(in thousands of $)
5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
NOK 700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2023
NOK 700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2024
NOK 600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2025
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
Lease debt financing
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
U.S. dollar denominated floating rate debt due through 2029
2021
—
137,900
79,507
78,939
61,334
150,000
126,955
15,639
1,253,481
1,903,755
2020
212,230
139,900
81,572
80,989
62,927
—
—
15,639
1,070,137
1,663,394
Interest expense for 2021 was $97.1 million compared with $135.4 million for 2020. The decrease in interest expense
associated with our floating rate debt for 2021, compared to 2020, is mainly due to loans on vessels that were refinanced at
lower margins and the decreased LIBOR rate in the period. The average three-month LIBOR was 0.16% in 2021 compared to
an average of 0.85% in 2020. Changes in interest related to the bonds are due to changes in exchange rate, new bond issuances
and repayments and redemptions. These include repurchases of the 5.75% convertible notes due 2021 and 4.875% convertible
bonds due 2023. Also in 2021, the 5.75% convertible notes due was repaid in full. The reduction in the interest expenses from
bonds was partially offset by interest expenses from the newly issued 7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due
2026 which the Company successfully placed in May 2021 and the interest expense from the Lease debt financing of $130.0
million obtained by the Company in September 2021, in relation to the purchase of two container vessels. In 2020, the NOK500
million floating rate bond due 2020 was fully repaid.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries were party to interest rate swap contracts, which
effectively fixed our interest rates on $0.7 billion of floating rate debt at a weighted average rate excluding margin of 1.93% per
annum (2020: $0.9 billion of floating rate debt fixed at a weighted average rate excluding margin of 1.94% per annum). The
slight decrease in swap interest expense is due to changes in swaps and also due to fluctuations in average LIBOR and
Norwegian Interbank Offered Rate, or NIBOR rates.
Other interest expense in 2021 of $0.3 million (2020: $0.7 million) arose from the sale and subsequent forward contract to
repurchase shares which is accounted for as a secured borrowing. (See Note 21: Short-Term and Long-Term Debt).
The above finance lease interest expense represents the interest portion of our finance lease obligations on seven vessels under a
sale and leaseback transaction with an Asia based financial institution. In 2020, the finance lease interest expense included the
interest on finance lease obligations of these seven vessels, as well as interest on finance lease obligations of four vessels on
long-term time charter to MSC. On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box, the holder of
finance lease obligations related to four of these vessels, and therefore these obligations are no longer consolidated by the
Company. The Company has accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (Refer to
Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). As a result, the interest expense on our finance lease obligations is decreased in
2021, compared with 2020.
Gain on purchase of bonds and debt extinguishment
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repurchased various amounts of its own bonds which had a face value
of $69.6 million at a premium and recorded a loss of $0.7 million. In 2020, the Company repurchased various amounts of its
own bonds which had a face value of $68.2 million at a discount and recorded gains of $1.4 million. In addition, in October
2020, the Company repurchased the total debt outstanding under the SFL Deepwater facility of $176.1 million for $110.0
million and recognized a gain on debt extinguishment of $66.1 million.
74
Gain on sale of subsidiaries, non-operating
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. River Box holds investments in direct financing leases,
through its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC
Reef. On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. A
gain of $1.9 million was recognized in 2020 in relation to the disposal.
Other non-operating items
(in thousands of $)
Dividend received from related parties
Gain/(loss) on investments in debt and equity securities
Gain on settlement of related party loan notes
Other financial items, net
2021
—
995
—
6,683
7,678
2020
6,030
(22,453)
4,446
(25,945)
(37,922)
No dividend income was received during the year ended December 31, 2021. Dividends received in 2020, were $3.1 million
from Frontline and $2.9 million from ADS Maritime Holding.
The gain on investments in debt and equity securities in 2021, principally relates to a mark to market gain of $1.2 million on the
Frontline shares held as of December 31, 2021, a realized gain of $0.7 million recognized on the sale of approximately 4.0
million in ADS Maritime Holding and an impairment loss of $0.8 million, which was recorded against the NT Rig Holdco 7.5%
bonds. The loss on investments in debt and equity securities in 2020, principally relates to a mark to market loss of $22.4
million from the equity investments held as of December 31, 2020, and an 'other-than-temporary' impairment of $4.9 million
recognized on the investments in Oro Negro 7.5% bonds and NT Rig Holdco 7.5% bonds. The loss is partially offset by a
realized gain of $2.3 million from the sale of approximately 2.0 million Frontline shares and a realized gain of $2.6 million
from the sale of 4.4 million shares of Solstad Offshore ASA during 2020. (See Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities).
The loan notes for the Front Circassia, Front Page, Front Stratus, Front Serenade and Front Ariake sold in 2018 were settled
in February 2020 with the Company receiving $19.9 million as settlement and recognizing a gain of $4.4 million on the
settlement of notes in 2020.
Other financial items, net have increased by $32.6 million in 2021 compared to 2020. The 2021 amount includes a gain of
$11.6 million (2020: loss of $20.4 million) in the fair value of non-designated derivatives, a net cash expense on non-designated
derivatives of $6.7 million (2020: $9.3 million) and a net gain of $1.1 million arising from the revaluation of foreign currency
bank accounts, marketable securities, payables and receivable balances and other items (2020: $5.5 million). (See Note 10:
Other Financial Items).
As reported above, certain assets were accounted for under the equity method in 2021 and 2020. Their non-operating expenses,
including net interest expenses, are not included above, but are reflected in “equity in earnings of associated companies” - see
below.
Equity in earnings of associated companies
In 2021 and 2020, we had certain investments accounted for using the equity method, as discussed in the Consolidated
Financial Statements included herein (Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). The total equity in earnings of associated
companies in 2021, was $0.1 million lower than in 2020. In August 2021, SFL Hercules ceased to be accounted for as an
associate and became consolidated by the Company, following amendments to the bareboat charter and loan facility
agreements. SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater are also consolidated by the Company from October 2020. This was partially offset
by the addition of River Box, previously a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. On December 31, 2020, we sold 50.1% of
the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we accounted for
the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method.
75
Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2020, compared with year ended December 31, 2019
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020, was $224.4 million, a decrease of 351.7% from the year ended December 31,
2019.
(in thousands of $)
Total operating revenues
Gain on sale of assets
Total operating expenses
Net operating (loss)/ income
Interest income
Interest expense
Gain on purchase of bonds and debt extinguishment
Gain on sale of subsidiaries, non-operating
Other non-operating items (net)
Equity in earnings of associated companies
Net (loss)/income
2020
471,047
2,250
611,471
(138,174)
13,400
2019
458,849
—
321,072
137,777
20,064
(135,442)
(145,058)
67,533
1,894
(37,922)
4,286
(224,425)
1,802
—
57,538
17,054
89,177
Net operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2020, was $138.2 million, compared with net operating income of $137.8
million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The negative movement was principally due to higher operating expenses
resulting from impairment losses recognized on the carrying value of our long-lived assets due to changes in expected future
cash flows following the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall net loss for 2020 compared with 2019 by negative movement of $313.6
million was mainly due to the impairments in net operating expenses and as a result of fair value movements on derivatives and
losses on debt and equity securities, partially offset by gains on debt extinguishments.
Two ultra-deepwater drilling units and one harsh environment jack-up drilling rig were accounted for under the equity method
during 2020 and 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the two wholly owned subsidiaries owning the drilling rigs West Taurus
and West Linus ceased to be accounted for as associates and became consolidated. The operating revenues of the wholly-owned
subsidiaries owning these assets are included under "equity in earnings of associated companies" where they are reported net of
operating and non-operating expenses, for the periods these are accounted for under the equity method.
Operating revenues
(in thousands of $)
Sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income
Service revenues from direct financing leases
Profit sharing revenues
Time charter revenues
Bareboat charter revenues
Voyage charter revenues
Other operating income
Total operating revenues
2020
71,216
6,903
22,569
2019
60,320
9,855
5,615
320,589
339,151
7,863
37,287
4,620
23,490
17,617
2,801
471,047
458,849
Total operating revenues increased by 2.7% in the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with the year ended December 31,
2019.
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Sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income
Sales-type leases and direct financing leases interest income arises on our crude oil tankers on charter to Frontline Shipping,
one of which was sold in 2020, 29 container vessels on charter to MSC, four of which were sold on December 31, 2020 as part
of the sale of 50.1% of River Box and one drilling rig on charter to Seadrill. In addition, we have interest income arising from
three feeder container vessels from MSC and four VLCCs which are reported as leaseback assets, three of which were sold
during 2020.
In general, sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income reduces over the terms of our leases. A
greater proportion of rental payment is treated as repayment of investment in the lease or loan and progressively, as the capital
is repaid, interest payments by the applicable lessee decreases.
The $10.9 million increase in sales-type, direct financing leases and leaseback assets interest income from 2019 to 2020 is
mainly a result of the acquisition of three feeder container vessels and three VLCCs in the second half of 2019, and one VLCC
in May 2020 which are reported as leaseback assets. In addition, the leases on seven 2002 built 4,100 TEU container vessels
which had previously been treated as operating leases were extended in July 2020 and these are now reported as sales type
leases, as well as the reporting of a rig-owning subsidiary as sales type lease in the fourth quarter of 2020, previously accounted
for using the equity method. This was partially offset by the sale of one VLCC (Front Hakata) in February 2020 which was on
charter to Frontline Shipping, the sale of three VLCC leaseback assets (Hunter Atla, Hunter Saga and Hunter Laga) after
exercise of purchase options and the termination of the lease of one offshore support vessel previously on charter to a subsidiary
of Solstad Offshore.
Service revenues from direct financing leases
The vessels chartered on direct financing leases to Frontline Shipping are leased on time charter terms, whereby we are
responsible for the management and operation of such vessels. This has been managed by entering into fixed price agreements
with Frontline Management (Bermuda) Ltd. (“Frontline Management”), a subsidiary of Frontline, whereby we pay them
management fees of $9,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Frontline Shipping. Accordingly, $9,000 per day is allocated
from each time charter payment received from Frontline Shipping to cover lease executory costs, and this is classified as "direct
financing lease service revenue". The $3.0 million reduction in finance lease service revenue is due to the sale of one VLCC in
February 2020 which was previously on charter to Frontline Shipping.
Profit share revenues
We have a profit sharing arrangement with Frontline Shipping whereby we earn a 50% share of profits earned by the vessels
above threshold levels. We earned and recognized profit sharing revenue under this arrangement of $18.6 million in the year
ended December 31, 2020 compared with $4.8 million in 2019. The increase is attributable to a more favorable tanker market in
2020.
We also have a profit sharing arrangement related to the eight dry bulk vessels on charter to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean,
whereby we earn a 33% share of profits earned by the vessels above threshold levels. In the year ended December 31, 2020, we
earned $0.0 million income under this arrangement compared with $0.8 million profit share in 2019, the decrease is attributable
to less favorable rates in 2020.
We recorded $3.9 million from a fuel saving arrangement relating to five container vessels on charter to Maersk, following the
installation of scrubbers. The Company is entitled to a share of the fuel savings dependent on the price difference between IMO
compliant fuel and IMO non-compliant fuel. No fuel saving revenue was earned in the year ended December 31, 2019.
Time charter revenues
During 2020, time charter revenues were earned by 16 container vessels, two car carriers, 22 dry bulk carriers and two oil
product tankers. The $18.6 million decrease in time charter revenues in 2020 compared with 2019, was mainly due to one
Suezmax tanker which was on time charter during 2019 and was operating on voyage charters in 2020, as well as reduced
charter hire on two car carriers and seven container vessels which were off hire when they drydocked for scrubber installations
which led to reduced charter hire in the year ended December 31, 2020. This decrease in time charter revenues was partly offset
by an increase in charter hire arising from the additional leap year day in 2020 as well as two 1,700 TEU container vessels
which had previously been on bareboat charters up until December 2019, commencing time charters in the year ended
December 31, 2020.
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Bareboat charter revenues
Bareboat charter revenues are earned by our vessels which are leased under operating leases on a bareboat basis. In 2020, this
consisted of two chemical tankers. The $15.6 million decrease in bareboat revenue in 2020 compared with 2019, was a result of
the reclassification of seven 4,100 TEU container vessels from operating leases to sales-type and direct financing leases
following amendments to their charters in March 2020 and the sale of four offshore support vessels in the first quarter of 2020.
In addition, the bareboat charters of the two 1,700 TEU container vessels ended in December 2019 and the vessels commenced
time charters in 2020.
Voyage charter revenues
Our two Suezmax tankers and three Handysize dry bulk carriers operated on a voyage charter basis during 2020. The $19.7
million increase in voyage charter revenues from 2019 to 2020 is mainly due to an increase in voyage charter revenue from
Everbright, which returned to the spot market after the termination of the time charter contract at the end of 2019, as well as
higher voyage charter revenues earned by the Handysize dry bulk carriers which sometimes charter on a voyage-by-voyage
basis.
Cash flows arising from sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
The following table analyzes our cash flows from the sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets with
Frontline Shipping, the Solstad Offshore charterer, Seadrill, MSC, Landbridge and Hunter Group during 2020 and 2019, and
shows how they are accounted for:
(in thousands of $)
Charter hire payments accounted for as:
Sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback assets interest income
Service revenue from direct financing leases
Repayments from sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Total direct financing and sales-type lease payments received
2020
2019
71,216
6,903
60,590
60,320
9,855
44,143
138,709
114,318
Gain on sale of assets
In 2020, the net gain of $2.3 million arose on the disposal of one crude oil tanker Front Hakata, previously on charter to
Frontline Shipping, and five offshore support vessels Sea Cheetah, Sea Jaguar, Sea Halibut, Sea Pike and Sea Leopard,
previously on charter to Solship (see Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets). The three VLCCs Hunter Atla, Hunter Saga and Hunter
Laga sale proceeds equaled their carrying value at date of sale and therefore no gain or loss was recorded on the sale of these
vessels.
In 2019, no disposal of vessels or termination of charters took place.
Operating expenses
(in thousands of $)
Vessel operating expenses
Depreciation
Vessel impairment charge
Administrative expenses
2020
155,643
111,279
333,149
11,400
611,471
2019
134,434
116,381
60,054
10,203
321,072
Vessel operating expenses include operating and occasional voyage expenses for the container vessels, dry bulk carriers,
product tankers and car carriers operated on a time charter basis and managed by related and unrelated parties, and also voyage
expenses from our two Suezmax tankers trading in a pool together with two tankers owned by Frontline and certain Handysize
dry bulk carriers operating in the spot market during 2020. In addition, vessel operating expenses include payments to Frontline
Management of $9,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Frontline Shipping and also payments to Golden Ocean
Management of $7,000 per day for each vessel chartered to Golden Ocean Charterer, in accordance with the vessel management
agreements.
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Vessel operating expenses increased by $21.2 million in 2020, compared with 2019. The increase is mainly due to an increase
in drydocking costs as 15 vessels were drydocked in 2020, compared to seven in 2019. Costs also increased due to two 1,700
TEU container vessels which were on time charters in 2020 and on bareboat charters until December 2019. The increase in
vessel operating expenses is partly offset by a decrease in vessel management expenses for vessels chartered to Frontline due to
the sale of Front Hakata, in February 2020.
Depreciation expenses relate to the vessels on charters accounted for as operating leases and on voyage charters. The decrease
in depreciation by $5.1 million for 2020 compared with 2019, was mainly due to the disposal of four offshore support vessels in
the first quarter of 2020 and the reclassification of seven 4,100 TEU container vessels as sales type leases, following
amendments to their charters in July 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we have performed a review of the carrying value of our long-lived assets, and as a
result of changes in expected future cash flows following the COVID-19 outbreak, impairment charges of $80.3 million were
recorded against the carrying values of seven Handysize bulk carriers reported as owned vessels. In addition, an impairment
charge of $252.6 million was recorded against one drilling unit, West Taurus, which was previously accounted for within
investment in associated companies. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In 2019, the impairment charge of
$60.1 million related to five offshore support vessels and two feeder size container vessels.
The 12% increase in administrative expenses for 2020, compared with 2019, is mainly due to increased salary costs due to
increased headcount. Increases in professional fees, registration and travel activities also contributed to the higher
administrative expenses.
Interest income
Interest income decreased from $20.1 million in 2019 to $13.4 million in 2020, mainly due to reduced interest income on loan
notes from Frontline and Frontline Shipping, which were settled in February 2020 and lower interest received on bank and short
term deposits due to reduced interest rates compared to comparative period.
Interest expense
(in thousands of $)
Interest on US$ floating rate loans
Interest on NOK 900M floating rate bonds due 2019
Interest on NOK 500M floating rate bonds due 2020
Interest on NOK 700M floating rate bonds due 2023
Interest on NOK 700M floating rate bonds due 2024
Interest on NOK 600M floating rate bonds due 2025
Interest on 5.75% convertible bonds due 2021
Interest on 4.875% convertible bonds due 2023
Swap interest
Interest on finance lease obligation
Other interest
Amortization of deferred charges
2020
28,560
—
1,007
4,409
4,200
2,910
12,203
6,979
5,897
59,551
686
9,040
2019
41,420
906
3,577
4,538
2,802
—
12,203
7,231
1,146
62,769
382
8,085
135,442
145,059
As of December 31, 2020, the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, had total debt principal outstanding of $1.7
billion (2019: $1.6 billion), comprising $0.0 million (NOK0 million) outstanding principal amount of NOK floating rate bonds
due 2020 (2019: $56.9 million, NOK500 million), $81.6 million (NOK700 million) outstanding principal amount of NOK
floating rate bonds due 2023 (2019: $79.7 million, NOK700 million), $81.0 million ( NOK695 million) outstanding principal
amount of NOK floating rate bonds due 2024 (2019: $79.7 million, NOK 700 million), $62.9 million (NOK540 million)
outstanding principal amount of NOK floating rate bonds due 2025 (2019: $0 million, NOK0 million), $212.2 million
outstanding principal amount of 5.75% convertible bonds due 2021 (2019: $212.2 million), $139.9 million outstanding
principal amount of 4.875% convertible bonds due 2023 (2019: $148.3 million), and $1.1 billion under floating rate secured
long term credit facilities (2019: $1.0 billion). In addition, we and our consolidated subsidiaries, had total finance lease
liabilities outstanding of $573.1 million (2019: $1.1 billion).
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NOK floating rate bonds due 2019 were fully repaid during 2019 and NOK floating rate bonds due 2020 were fully repaid
during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The average three-month US$ LIBOR was 0.85% in 2020 and 2.33% in 2019. The decrease in interest expense associated with
our floating rate debt for 2020, compared with 2019, is mainly due to loans on vessels that were refinanced at lower margins
and decreased LIBOR rate in the period.
The decrease in interest payable on the NOK 900 million and NOK 500 million floating rate bonds due 2019 and 2020
respectively is due to their redemption in March 2019 and June 2020, respectively. The increase in interest expense on the
NOK700 million floating rate bonds due 2024 and on the NOK 600 million floating rate bonds due 2025 is due to their issuance
in June 2019 and January 2020 respectfully. The decrease in interest expense on the 4.875% convertible notes is due to the
buyback of $8.4 million during 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries were party to interest rate swap contracts, which
effectively fixed our interest rates on $0.9 billion of floating rate debt at a weighted average rate excluding margin of 1.94% per
annum (2019: $1.0 billion of floating rate debt fixed at a weighted average rate excluding margin of 2.65% per annum). The
increase in swap interest expense is due to changes in swaps and also due to fluctuations in average LIBOR and NIBOR rates.
Other interest expense in 2020 of $0.7 million (2019: $0.4 million) arose from the forward contract to repurchase shares of
Frontline which is accounted for as a secured borrowing. (See Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity Securities).
The above finance lease interest expense represents the interest portion of our finance lease obligations on four vessels on long-
term time charter to MSC (2019: four vessels) and seven vessels under a sale and leaseback transaction with an Asia based
financial institution (2019: seven vessels). The decrease in interest in finance lease obligation in 2020, compared with 2019, is
due to decreased finance lease obligations as they are repaid.
Gain on sale of subsidiaries, non-operating
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. River Box holds investments in direct financing leases,
through its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC
Reef. On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. A
gain of $1.9 million was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2020 in relation to the disposal. In 2019 no disposal of
subsidiaries took place.
Gain on purchase of bonds and debt extinguishment
In October 2020, the Company repurchased the total debt outstanding under the SFL Deepwater facility of $176.1 million for
$110.0 million and recognized a gain on debt extinguishment of $66.1 million. In addition, the Company repurchased various
amounts its own bonds which had a face value of $68.2 million (2019: $92.1 million) at a discount and recorded gains of $1.4
million (2019: $1.8 million).
Other non-operating items
(in thousands of $)
Dividend received from related parties
Gain/(Loss) on investments in debt and equity securities
Gain on settlement of related party loan notes
Other financial items, net
2020
6,030
2019
2,590
(22,453)
67,701
4,446
(25,945)
(37,922)
—
(12,753)
57,538
Dividends received in 2020 were $3.1 million from Frontline and $2.9 million from ADS Maritime Holding Plc formally ADS
Crude Carriers ("ADS Maritime Holding"). Dividend income in 2019 included a $2.0 million liquidation dividend from Golden
Close Corporation Ltd. (“Golden Close”) on which the investment had previously been written down to zero, $0.3 million from
Frontline and $0.3 million from ADS Maritime Holding.
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The loss on investments and debt and equity securities in 2020 principally relates to a mark to market loss of $22.4 million from
the equity investments held as of December 31, 2020 and an 'other-than-temporary' impairment of $4.9 million recognized on
the investments in Oro Negro 7.5% bonds and NT Rig Holdco 7.5% bonds. The loss is partially offset by a realized gain of $4.9
million. This derives from realized gain of $2.3 million from the sale of approximately 2.0 million Frontline shares and realized
gain of $2.6 million from the sale of 4.4 million shares of Solstad Offshore ASA during 2020. (See Note 11: Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities). The 2019 gain arose from a realized gain of $40.8 million on the sale of approximately 7.6 million
Frontline shares, the mark-to-market gain of $29.1 million on the increase in value of the equity investments held, offset by
impairment loss of $2.2 million on the Oro Negro bonds which were considered 'other-than-temporarily' impaired.
The loan notes for the Front Circassia, Front Page, Front Stratus, Front Serenade and Front Ariake sold in 2018 were settled
in February 2020 with the Company receiving $19.9 million as settlement and recognizing a gain of $4.4 million on the
settlement of notes.
Other financial items, net expense have increased by $13.2 million in 2020 compared to 2019. The 2020 costs includes a loss of
$20.4 million (2019: $3.5 million) in the fair value of non-designated derivatives, a net cash expense on non-designated
derivatives of $9.3 million (2019: net cash income of $1.2 million) and a credit loss provision of $1.8 million following the
adoption of ASU 2016-13 during 2020 (2019: $9.2 million impairment loss on the Apexindo and Sea Bear Loan notes). The
2020 expenses were partially offset by a net gain of $5.5 million arising from the revaluation of foreign currency bank accounts,
marketable securities, payables and receivable balances and other items (2019: loss $1.3 million). (See Note 10: Other Financial
Items).
As reported above, certain assets were accounted for under the equity method in 2020 and 2019. Their non-operating expenses,
including net interest expenses, are not included above, but are reflected in “equity in earnings of associated companies” - see
below.
Equity in earnings of associated companies
During 2020 and 2019, we had certain wholly-owned subsidiaries accounted for under the equity method, as discussed in the
consolidated financial statements included herein (Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). The total equity in earnings
of associated companies in 2020 was $12.8 million lower than in the comparative period in 2019 mainly due to the
consolidation of SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater from October 2020.
B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We operate in a capital intensive industry. Our asset acquisitions are financed through a combination of our own equity, term
loans, lease financing and revolving credit facilities from commercial banks. Providers of such borrowings generally require
that the loans be secured by mortgages against the assets being acquired, and as of December 31, 2021, substantially all of our
vessels and drilling units are pledged as security or are held as finance leases. However, in common with many other
companies, we also have unsecured borrowings as shown below. Providers of unsecured financing do so on the basis of our
assets and liabilities, cash flows, operating results and other factors, all of which affect the terms on which such unsecured
financing is available. In general, unsecured financing is more expensive than borrowings secured against collateral.
Our liquidity requirements relate to servicing our debt, funding the equity portion of investments in vessels, funding working
capital requirements and maintaining cash reserves against fluctuations in operating cash flows. Revenues from our time
charters and bareboat charters are received approximately 15 days in advance, monthly in advance, or monthly in
arrears. Vessel management and operating fees are payable monthly in advance for vessels chartered to Frontline Shipping and
the Golden Ocean Charterer, and as incurred for other time-chartered vessels.
Our funding and treasury activities are conducted within corporate policies to maximize investment returns while maintaining
appropriate liquidity for both our short and long-term needs. This includes arranging borrowing facilities on a cost-effective
basis. Cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in U.S. dollars, with minimal amounts held in Norwegian kroner and pound
sterling.
Surplus funds may be deployed to acquire equity or debt interests in other companies, with the aim of generating competitive
returns. Such investments may also utilize credit facilities arranged specifically to facilitate such investment.
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Our short-term liquidity requirements relate to servicing our debt and funding working capital requirements, including required
payments under our management agreements and administrative services agreements. Sources of short-term liquidity include
cash balances, short-term investments, available amounts under revolving credit facilities and receipts from our charters. We
believe that our cash flow from the charters will be sufficient to fund our anticipated debt service and working capital
requirements for the short and medium term.
Our long-term liquidity requirements include funding the equity portion of investments in new vessels, and repayment of long-
term debt balances, including those relating to the following loan agreements of us and our consolidated subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2021:
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2025
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
$45 million secured term loan and revolving credit facility due 2025
$20 million secured term loan facility due 2024
$39 million secured term loan facility due 2022
$166.4 million secured term loan facility due 2022
$76 million secured term loan facility due 2024
$17.5 million secured term loan facility due 2023
$24.9 million secured term loan facility due 2024
$50 million senior secured term loan facility due 2022
$29.5 million secured term loan facility due 2024
$33.1 million term loan facility due 2023
$40 million senior secured term loan facility due 2022
$175 million term loan facility due 2025
$50 million senior secured term loan facility due 2025
$50 million senior secured term loan facility due 2024
$51 million secured term loan facility due 2025
$51 million secured term loan facility due 2025
$134 million secured term loan facility due 2024
$65 million leased debt financing due 2027
$65 million leased debt financing due 2027
$35 million secured term loan facility due 2029
$107.3 million senior secured term loan facility due 2027
$475 million term loan and revolving credit facility due 2023
$375 million term loan and revolving credit facility due 2023
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
The main security provided under the secured credit facilities include (i) guarantees from subsidiaries, as well as instances
where we guarantee all or part of the loans, (ii) a first priority pledge over all shares of the relevant asset owning subsidiaries
and (iii) a first priority mortgage over the relevant collateral assets which includes substantially all of the vessels and the
drilling units that are currently owned by us as of December 31, 2021, excluding three 1,700 TEU container vessels, two
chemical tankers and two product tankers.
Refer to "Contractual Commitments" section further below for details of material contractual commitments as of December 31,
2021.
As of December 31, 2021, seven (2020: seven) subsidiaries had lease liabilities totaling $524.2 million (2020: $573.1 million)
related to the charter-in of seven (2020: seven) container vessels.
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We expect that we will require additional borrowings or issuances of equity in the long term to meet our capital requirements.
As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $145.6 million (2020: $215.4 million) and restricted cash of
$8.3 million (2020: $9.0 million). In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated cash of $293.6 million net from
operating activities, used $389.1 million net in investing activities and generated $25.0 million net from financing activities.
Cash flows provided by operating activities for 2021 increased to $293.6 million, from $276.5 million in 2020, mainly due to
changes in total operating income received and the timing of charter hire and trade and other receivables.
Investing activities used cash of $389.1 million in 2021, compared to net cash generated of $176.3 million in 2020. The
increase in cash used for investing activities in 2021 is mainly due to an outflow of $520.3 million to fund capital improvements
and the acquisition of one 5,300 TEU container vessel (Maersk Zambezi), two 6,800 TEU container vessels (SFL Hawaii and
SFL Maui), two 14,000 TEU container vessels (Thalassa Elpida and Thalassa Patris), two product tankers (SFL Tiger and SFL
Puma) and one Suezmax tanker (Marlin Santorini), compared to an outflow of $55.0 million in 2020 to fund capital
improvements and a further $65.0 million to fund the acquisition of one leaseback asset. In addition there was an outflow of
$61.4 million for installments in newbuilding contracts in 2021 with no such installments paid in 2020. This is partially offset
by an inflow of cash of $183.9 million in 2021 from the sale of 18 feeder container vessels, seven handysize dry bulk vessels
and one drilling rig compared to $210.9 million in 2020 arising from the sale of four VLCCs and five offshore support vessels.
In addition in 2021, $10.0 million was received from associated companies compared with $31.5 million received in 2020 due
to repayment of debt. In 2020 we had received $23.7 million from proceeds in the sale of Frontline and Solstad shares and
$14.7 million from proceeds in the sale of 50.1% of the shares of River Box, a previously wholly owned subsidiary, with no
such proceeds received in 2021.
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2021 was $25.0 million, compared to net cash used of $431.4 million in 2020.
This increase was mainly due to lower repayment of debt of $301.5 million in 2021, compared to $624.6 million in 2020. There
were also more proceeds from debt issuance of $586.8 million in 2021, compared to $397.2 million in 2020. The above were
partly offset by higher repurchases of own bonds amounting to $215.1 million in 2021 compared to $66.6 million in 2020. In
addition no cash was used in 2021 in principal settlements of cross currency swaps compared to $11.7 million in 2020. There
was also a share issuance of $89.3 million in 2021 compared to $61.5 million in 2020.
During 2021, we paid four dividends totaling $0.63 per common share (2020: four dividends totaling $1.00 per common share),
or a total of $77.6 million (2020: $109.4 million). All dividends paid in 2021 and 2020 were cash payments. Please see “Item 8.
Financial Information—A. Consolidated Statement and Other Financial Information—Dividend Policy”. Since 2020, SFL has
implemented a dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, to facilitate investments by individual and institutional shareholders who
wish to invest the dividend payments received in respect of our common shares owned or other cash amounts, in the Company's
common shares on a regular basis, one time basis or otherwise. See Item 10.B and the share capital note for further information
on the DRIP program.
Borrowings
As of December 31, 2021, we had total short-term and long-term debt outstanding of $1.9 billion (2020: $1.7 billion).
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The following table presents an overall summary of our borrowings as of December 31, 2021:
(in millions of $)
Unsecured borrowings:
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2023
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2025
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
Total bonds
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
U.S. dollar denominated floating rate debt due through 2029
Lease debt financing
Total borrowings
Finance lease liabilities
Finance lease liabilities in associated companies (1)
Total borrowings and lease liabilities
December 31, 2021
Outstanding balance on loan
79.5
137.9
78.9
61.3
150.0
507.6
15.6
1,253.5
127.0
1,903.7
524.2
221.3
2,649.2
(1) This represents 49.9% of the finance lease liabilities within River Box.
In May 2011, eight subsidiaries entered into a $171 million secured loan facility with a syndicate of banks. The facility is
supported by China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation, or SINOSURE, which has provided an insurance policy in favor of
the banks for part of the outstanding loan. One of the vessels was sold in May 2018 and the remaining seven vessels, which
were Handysize dry bulk carriers, were sold during the year ended December 31, 2021 and the facility was fully repaid. The
facility bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and had a term of approximately 10 years from delivery of each vessel. The
facility was secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a guarantee from us.
In June 2014, seven subsidiaries entered into a $45 million secured term loan and revolving credit facility with a bank. The
proceeds of the facility were used to partly fund the acquisition of seven 4,100 TEU container vessels. As of December 31,
2021, the amount outstanding under this facility was $42.5 million, and the available amount under the revolving part of the
facility was $0.0 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and had an original term of five years. In June 2019
and further more in June 2021, the terms of the loan were amended and restated, and the facility now matures in June 2025. The
facility is secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a guarantee from us. The facility contains a minimum value covenant,
which is only applicable if there is an early termination of any of the charters attached to the vessels, or six months prior to
expiry of the charters, whichever falls earlier. The facility also contains covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum
levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In September 2014, two subsidiaries entered into a $20 million secured term loan facility with a bank. The proceeds of the
facility were used to partly fund the acquisition of two 5,800 TEU container vessels. As of December 31, 2021, the amount
outstanding under this facility was $15.6 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of five
years. In September 2019, the terms of the loan were amended and restated, and the facility now matures in 2024. The facility is
secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a guarantee from us. The facility contains a minimum value covenant, which is only
applicable if there is an early termination of any of the charters attached to the vessels. The facility also contains covenants that
require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In December 2014, two subsidiaries entered into a $39 million secured term loan facility with a bank. The proceeds of the
facility were used to partly fund the acquisition of two Kamsarmax dry bulk carriers. As of December 31, 2021, the amount
outstanding under this facility was $19.4 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of
approximately eight years. The facility is secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee from us. The facility
contains a minimum value covenant, which is only applicable if there is a default under any of the charters attached to the
vessels, or 12 months prior to expiry of the charters, whichever falls earlier. The facility also contains covenants that require us
to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
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In July 2015, eight subsidiaries entered into a $166.4 million secured term loan facility with a syndicate of banks. The proceeds
of the facility were used to partly fund the acquisition of eight Capesize dry bulk carriers. As of December 31, 2021, the amount
outstanding under this facility was $76.3 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of
approximately seven years. The facility is secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee from us. The facility
contains minimum value covenants and also covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working
capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In November 2015, three subsidiaries entered into a $210 million secured term loan facility with a syndicate of banks, to partly
fund the acquisition of three newbuilding container vessels. One of the vessels was delivered in November 2015, and the
remaining two vessels were delivered in 2016. In November 2020 the portion of the facility relating to one subsidiary matured,
and the outstanding debt of $49.2 million was repaid in full and refinanced at the same month with a new secured term loan
facility described below. In February and April 2021 the portions of the facility relating to the remaining two subsidiaries
matured and the facility was repaid in full. The facility bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and had a term of five years from
the delivery of each vessel. The facility was secured against the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee from us. The facility
contained a minimum value covenant, which was only applicable if there was a default under any of the charters attached to the
vessels, or six months prior to expiry of the charters, whichever fell earlier. The facility also contained covenants that required
us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In October 2016, we issued $225 million senior unsecured convertible bonds. During 2018 and 2021, we made net purchases of
bonds with principal amounts totaling $12.8 million and $67.6 million respectively. The bonds matured on October 15, 2021
and we redeemed the full outstanding amount of $144.7 million. Interest on the bonds was fixed at 5.75% per annum and was
payable in cash quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15. The conversion rate at the time of issuance
was 56.2596 common shares for each $1,000 bond, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $17.7747 per share. The
conversion rate was adjusted for dividends in excess of $0.225 per common share per quarter. Since the issuance, dividend
distributions had increased the conversion rate to 65.8012 common shares per $1,000 bond, equivalent to a conversion price of
approximately $15.20 per share at maturity of the bond. In conjunction with the bond issue, we had loaned up to 8,000,000 of
our common shares to an affiliate of one of the underwriters of the issue, in order to assist investors in the bonds to hedge their
positions. The shares that were lent by us were initially borrowed from Hemen, our largest shareholder. In November 2016, we
issued 8,000,000 new shares to replace the shares borrowed from Hemen. In December 2021, after the bond was redeemed, the
loaned shares were transferred to another party under a general share lending agreement.
In August 2017, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $76 million secured term loan facility with a bank,
secured against two product tanker vessels. The two vessels were delivered in August 2017. We have provided a limited
corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of seven years. As of
December 31, 2021, the net amount outstanding was $53.9 million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant, which is
only applicable if there is a default under any of the charters attached to the vessels, or 12 months prior to the maturity date of
the facility, whichever falls earlier. The facility also contains covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of
free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
On April 23, 2018, we issued a senior unsecured convertible bond totaling $150 million. Additional bonds were issued on
May 4, 2018 at a principal amount of $14 million. During 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, we made net purchases of bonds with
principal amounts totaling $12.3 million $3.4 million, $8.4 million and $2.0 million respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the
amount outstanding under this facility was $137.9 million. Interest on the bonds is fixed at 4.875% per annum and is payable in
cash quarterly in arrears on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1. The bonds are convertible into our common shares
and mature on May 1, 2023. The initial conversion rate at the time of issuance was 52.8157 common shares per $1,000 bond,
equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $18.93 per share. Since the issuance, dividend distributions have increased
the conversion rate to 77.5267, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $12.90 per share. In conjunction with the
bond issue, we agreed to loan up to 7,000,000 of its common shares to affiliates of the underwriters of the issue, in order to
assist investors in the bonds to hedge their position. As of December 31, 2021, a total of 3,765,842 shares were issued from up
to 7,000,000 shares issuable under a share lending arrangement.
In June 2018, 15 of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $50 million secured term loan facility with a bank, secured
against 15 feeder size container vessels. The 15 feeder size container vessels were delivered in April 2018. We had provided a
corporate guarantee for this facility, which bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately seven years.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, purchase options were exercised on the 15 feeder size container vessels. The vessels
were delivered between August and September 2021, and the facility was fully repaid.
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On September 13, 2018, we issued a senior unsecured bond totaling NOK600 million in the Norwegian credit market. The
bonds bear quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and are redeemable in full on September 13, 2023. In July 2019, we
conducted a tap issue of NOK100 million under these existing senior unsecured bonds due. The bonds were issued at 101.625%
of par, and the new outstanding amount after the tap issue is NOK700 million. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021, was NOK700 million, equivalent to $79.5 million.
In December 2018, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $17.5 million secured term loan facility with a bank.
The proceeds of the facility were used to partly fund two Supramax dry bulk carriers. As of December 31, 2021, the amount
outstanding under this facility was $11.1 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of
approximately five years from delivery of the vessels. The facility is secured by the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee
from us. The facility contains a minimum value covenant, which is only applicable if there is an early termination of any of the
charters attached to the vessels. The facility also contains covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free
cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In February 2019, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $24.9 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank. The proceeds of the facility were used to partly fund three Supramax dry bulk carriers. As of December 31, 2021, the
amount outstanding under this facility was $17.7 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of
approximately five years from delivery of the vessels. The facility is secured by the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee
from us. The facility contains a minimum value covenant, which is only applicable if there is an early termination of any of the
charters attached to the vessels. The facility also contains covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free
cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In February 2019, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against three tankers chartered to Frontline Shipping. In 2020, $14.9 million of this facility was repaid following
the sale of the Front Hakata and the facility now relates to the remaining two tankers. As of December 31, 2021, the amount
outstanding under this facility was $35.2 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of four
years. The facility is secured by the subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee from us. The facility contains a minimum value
covenant, which is only applicable if there is an early termination of any of the charters attached to the vessels. The facility also
contains covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity
ratios.
In March 2019, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $29.5 million term loan facility with a bank. The proceeds
of the facility were used to partly fund two car carriers. As of December 31, 2021, the net amount outstanding under this facility
was $19.0 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of five years. The facility is secured by the
subsidiaries' assets and a limited guarantee from us. The facility contains a minimum value covenant, which is only applicable
if there is an early termination of any of the charters attached to the vessels. The facility also contains covenants that require us
to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In June 2019, we issued a senior unsecured bond loan totaling NOK700 million in the Norwegian credit market. The bonds bear
quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and have a term of approximately five years. During 2020, we purchased bonds with
principal amounts totaling NOK5 million equivalent to $0.5 million. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was
NOK695 million, equivalent to $78.9 million. The bond agreement contains covenants that require us to maintain certain
minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In June 2019, five of our subsidiaries entered into a $33.1 million term loan facility with a syndicate of banks. Although the
facility is unsecured, we are acting as guarantor. In March 2020, $4.25 million of this facility was repaid following the sale of
these five offshore support vessels in February, March and May 2020. As of December 31, 2021, the amount outstanding under
this facility was $25.3 million. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately four years.
In January 2020, we issued a senior unsecured bond loan totaling NOK600 million in the Norwegian credit market. The bonds
bear quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and have a term of approximately five years. During 2020, we purchased bonds
with principal amounts totaling NOK60 million equivalent to $6.0 million. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021 was NOK540 million, equivalent to $61.3 million. The bond agreement contains covenants that require us to maintain
certain minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
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In March 2020, two of our subsidiaries entered into a $40 million senior secured term loan facility with a bank. The facility is
secured against two Suezmax tankers. We have provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR
plus a margin and has a term of approximately two years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $32.9
million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of
free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In March 2020, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $15 million senior secured term loan facility with a bank,
secured against three container vessels. We had provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bore interest at LIBOR
plus a margin and with a term of approximately five years. During the year ended December 31, 2021, purchase options were
exercised on the three container vessels. The vessels were delivered in August 2021, and the facility was fully repaid.
In March 2020, four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $175 million term loan facility with a syndicate of banks,
secured against four 8,700 TEU container vessels. We have provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears
interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021, was $146.6 million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain
minimum levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In May 2020, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility with a bank,
bearing interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately five years. The facility is secured against a 308,000
dwt VLCC. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $45.8 million. The facility contains a minimum value
covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain book equity ratios.
In November 2020, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against a container vessel. We have provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at
LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
$45.0 million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum
levels of free cash, working capital and adjusted book equity ratios.
In February 2021, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $51 million term loan facility with a bank, secured
against a container vessel. We have provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus
a margin and with a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $47.7 million.
The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash,
working capital and debt ratios.
In April 2021, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $51 million term loan facility with a bank, secured against a
container vessel. We have provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and
with a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $48.8 million. The facility
contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of free cash, working
capital and debt ratios.
In May 2021, we issued a senior unsecured sustainability-linked bond totaling $150 million in the Nordic credit market. The
bonds bear quarterly interest at a fixed rate of 7.25% per annum and are redeemable in full on May 12, 2026. The net amount
outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $150.0 million.
In September 2021, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $134 million term loan facility with a bank, secured
against two container vessels. We have provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR
plus a margin and with a term of approximately three years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $130.4
million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of
free cash, working capital and debt ratios.
In September 2021, two of our wholly owned subsidiaries owning the two newly acquired 6,800 TEU container vessels entered
into sale and leaseback transactions for these vessels, via a Japanese Operating Lease with Call Option financing structure. The
sales price for each vessel was $65.0 million, totaling $130.0 million. The vessels were leased back for a term of six years, with
options to purchase each vessel at the end of the fifth and sixth year. The transaction did not qualify as a sale and has been
recorded as a financing arrangement. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $127.0 million. The lease debt
financing carries interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum.
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In December 2021, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $35.0 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against a container vessel. We have provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at
LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately seven years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
$35.0 million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum
levels of free cash, working capital and debt ratios.
In December 2021, three of our wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a $107.3 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against three Suezmax tankers. As of December 31, 2021, only one of the three vessels was delivered and only
one third of the loan has been drawn. We have provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR
plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $35.8
million. The facility contains a minimum value covenant and covenants that require us to maintain certain minimum levels of
free cash, working capital and debt ratios.
SFL Linus was consolidated from October 29, 2020. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In October 2013,
SFL Linus entered into a $475 million five-year term loan and revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks to partly
finance the acquisition of the rig. The facility was drawn in February 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2017, certain
amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four years.
In addition, we have given the banks a first priority pledge over all shares of SFL Linus and assigned all claims under a secured
loan made by us to SFL Linus in favor of the banks. This loan is secured by a second priority mortgage over the rig which has
been assigned to the banks. As of December 31, 2021, the balance outstanding under this facility was $199.9 million and the
available amount under the revolving part of the facility was $0.0 million. We have fully guaranteed the facility as of
December 31, 2021.
SFL Hercules was consolidated from August 27, 2021. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In May 2013, SFL
Hercules entered into a $375 million six-year term loan and revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks to partly finance
the acquisition of the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules, previously owned by the wholly owned
subsidiary SFL Deepwater. The facility was drawn in June 2013. In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan of Seadrill,
certain amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four
years. In August 2021, we entered into an amendment to the existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for West Hercules, which was approved by the applicable bankruptcy court in September 2021. Each of
our financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and our limited corporate guarantee of the outstanding debt of the
rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83.1 million as of December 31, 2021. Additionally, we agreed to a cash
contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged earnings account at the time of redelivery following the termination of
the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill. As of December 31, 2021, the balance outstanding under
this facility was $169.6 million.
As of December 31, 2021, the three-month U.S. dollar LIBOR was 0.21% and the three-month Norwegian kroner NIBOR was
0.95%.
Loan Covenants
Certain of our financing agreements discussed above, have, among other things, the following financial covenants, as amended
or waived, which are tested quarterly, the most stringent of which require us (on a consolidated basis) to maintain:
a book equity ratio of minimum 0.20 to 1.0;
a positive working capital; and
•
•
• minimum liquidity of at least $25 million, including undrawn credit lines with a remaining term of at least six months.
Our financing agreements discussed above have, among other things, restrictive covenants which, to the extent triggered, would
restrict our ability to:
i.
declare, make or pay any dividend, charge, fee or other distribution (whether in cash or in kind) on or in respect of its
share capital (or any class of its share capital);
ii. pay any interest or repay any principal amount (or capitalized interest) on any debt to any of its shareholders;
iii.
iv. enter into any transaction or arrangement having a similar effect as described in (i) through (iii) above.
redeem, repurchase or repay any of its share capital or resolve to do so; or
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Our secured credit facilities may be secured by, among other things:
•
•
•
•
a first priority mortgage over the relevant collateralized vessels;
a first priority assignment of earnings, insurances and charters from the mortgaged vessels for the specific facility;
a pledge of earnings generated by the mortgaged vessels for the specific facility; and
a pledge of the equity interests of each vessel owning subsidiary under the specific facility.
A violation of any of the financial covenants contained in our financing agreements described above may constitute an event of
default under the relevant financing agreement, which, unless cured within the grace period set forth under the financing
agreement, if applicable, or waived or modified by our lenders, provides our lenders, by notice to the borrowers, with the right
to, among other things, cancel the commitments immediately, declare that all or part of the loan, together with accrued interest,
and all other amounts accrued or outstanding under the agreement, be immediately due and payable, enforce any or all security
under the security documents, and/or exercise any or all of the rights, remedies, powers or discretions granted to the facility
agent or finance parties under the finance documents or by any applicable law or regulation or otherwise as a consequence of
such event of default.
Furthermore, certain of our financing agreements contain a cross-default provision that may be triggered by a default under one
of our other financing agreements. A cross-default provision means that a default on one loan would result in a default on
certain of our other loans. Because of the presence of cross-default provisions in certain of our financing agreements, the refusal
of any one lender under our financing agreements to grant or extend a waiver could result in certain of our indebtedness being
accelerated, even if our other lenders under our financing agreements have waived covenant defaults under the respective
agreements. If our secured indebtedness is accelerated in full or in part, it would be very difficult in the current financing
environment for us to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing and we could lose our vessels and other assets securing
our financing agreements if our lenders foreclose their liens, which would adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
Moreover, in connection with any waivers of or amendments to our financing agreements that we have obtained, or may obtain
in the future, our lenders may impose additional operating and financial restrictions on us or modify the terms of our existing
financing agreements. These restrictions may further restrict our ability to, among other things, pay dividends, make capital
expenditures or incur additional indebtedness, including through the issuance of guarantees. In addition, our lenders may
require the payment of additional fees, require prepayment of a portion of our indebtedness to them, accelerate the amortization
schedule for our indebtedness and increase the interest rates they charge us on our outstanding indebtedness.
Minimum Value Covenants
Most of our loan facilities are secured with mortgages on vessels. As of December 31, 2021, we had borrowings totaling
$0.8 billion with minimum value covenants which are tested on a regular basis. These borrowings were secured against 39
vessels which had combined charter-free market values totaling approximately $2.4 billion. A reduction of 10% in charter-free
market values in 2021 would not result in any material prepayments or reduction in availability on revolving credit facilities,
after scheduled loan repayments and prepayments in the year.
In addition, as of December 31, 2021, we had borrowings totaling $0.1 billion with conditional minimum value covenants
which are only tested if the charter which the vessel is employed is terminated or about to expire. These borrowings were
secured against five vessels which had combined charter-free market values totaling approximately $0.3 billion.
As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants contained in our financing agreements.
Secured Borrowings
As of December 31, 2019, we had a forward contract to repurchase 3.4 million shares of Frontline which expired in June 2020
for $36.8 million. The transaction was accounted for as a secured borrowing, with the shares transferred to 'Marketable
securities pledged to creditors' and a liability of $36.8 million recorded within debt as of December 31, 2019. During the year
ended December 31, 2020 we repurchased 2.0 million shares subject to the forward contact and repaid $21.1 million of the
secured borrowing.
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As of December 31, 2020, we had a forward contract, with an initial expiration date in January 2021, to repurchase 1.4 million
shares of Frontline at a repurchase price of $16.2 million including deemed interest. During 2021, we have continuously
renewed the forward contract and as of December 31, 2021, we had a forward contract, which expired in January 2022, to
repurchase 1.4 million shares of Frontline, at a repurchase price of $16.4 million including accrued interest. This forward
contract related to 1.4 million shares has subsequently been rolled over to July 2022, at a repurchase price of $16.6 million
including deemed interest. The transaction has been accounted for as a secured borrowing, with the shares transferred to
'Marketable securities pledged to creditors' and a liability of $15.6 million recorded within debt as of December 31, 2021
(December 31, 2020: $15.6 million). We are required to post collateral of 20% of the total repurchase price plus any negative
mark to market movement from the repurchase price for the duration of the agreement. As of December 31, 2021, $8.3 million
(December 31, 2020: $9.0 million) was held as collateral and recorded as restricted cash.
Debt in Associated Companies
SFL Hercules and SFL Linus own the drilling units West Hercules and West Linus, respectively, which are on charter to
subsidiaries of Seadrill. SFL Deepwater owned the drilling unit West Taurus, which was also on charter to a subsidiary of
Seadrill until the first quarter of 2021. All three entities were previously determined to be variable interest entities in which we
were not the primary beneficiary and thus accounted for using the equity method. During the year ended December 31, 2021
and following amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan facility agreements, SFL Hercules Ltd. was
determined to no longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August 27, 2021 when the amendments were
approved by the applicable bankruptcy court. With regards to SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater, we were determined to be the
primary beneficiary of the two subsidiaries in October 2020, following changes to their financing agreements and as a result of
defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, we consolidated these two subsidiaries from October 2020.
In February 2021, Seadrill and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the Southern District of Texas. SFL and certain
of its subsidiaries have entered into court approved interim agreements with Seadrill relating to two of our drilling rigs, West
Linus and West Hercules, allowing for the uninterrupted performance of sub-charters to oil majors while the Chapter 11 process
was ongoing. Pursuant to these agreements, Seadrill is allowed to use funds received from the respective sub-charterers to pay a
fixed level of operating and maintenance expenses in addition to general and administrative costs. In exchange, SFL receives
approximately 65 - 75% of the contractual charter hire under the existing charter agreements for West Linus and West Hercules.
Any excess amounts paid pursuant to the above referenced sub-charters will remain in Seadrill's earnings accounts, that are
pledged to SFL and its financing banks.
In August 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules. Under the amendment agreement with
Seadrill, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major into the second half of 2022 (the “charter period”),
prior to being redelivered to SFL in Norway. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, SFL has agreed to receive bareboat hire of
(i) approximately $64,700 per day until Seadrill emerges from Chapter 11 and its plan of reorganization (the "Plan") is
confirmed by the court (the “Emergence Date”), and (ii) following the Emergence Date, approximately $60,000 per day while
the rig is employed under a contract and generating revenues for Seadrill and approximately $40,000 in all other scenarios,
including when the rig is idle or undergoing mobilization or demobilization. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, Seadrill has
agreed to fund the mobilization and demobilization of the rig, which is expected to occur during the charter period. Seadrill
obtained bankruptcy court approval of the amendment agreement on August 27, 2021, which was a condition precedent to the
effectiveness to the amendment agreement. Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s
limited corporate guarantee of the outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83 million.
Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged Earnings Account at the time of
redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill.
Following these amendments, SFL Hercules is in compliance with its debt covenants.
The lease to West Taurus, was rejected by the court in March 2021 and the rig was redelivered by Seadrill to SFL in the second
quarter of 2021. In March 2021, we signed an agreement for the recycling of the rig at a facility in Turkey and delivered to the
recycling facility in September 2021. The asset was derecognized at disposal and a net loss of $0.6 million was recorded in
relation to the recycling of the rig.
On October 26, 2021, Seadrill announced that the Plan was confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of
Texas. On February 22, 2022, Seadrill announced that it has emerged from Chapter 11 after successfully completing its
reorganization.
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In February 2022, we agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the harsh environment jack-up
drilling rig West Linus. The rig was delivered in 2014, and is currently operated by a subsidiary of Seadrill and employed on a
long-term drilling contract with ConocoPhillips in the North Sea until the fourth quarter of 2028.
Seadrill, ConocoPhillips and us reached an agreement in which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is expected to be
assigned from the current operator to one of our subsidiaries upon the new operator receiving necessary regulatory approvals.
Upon effective assignment of the drilling contract, SFL will receive charter hire from the rig and pay for operating and
management expenses.
SFL has simultaneously entered into an agreement for the operational management of the rig with a subsidiary of Odfjell, a
leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to
customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Until the approvals are in place, Seadrill will continue the existing charter arrangements for a period of up to approximately
nine months. The bareboat charter rate from Seadrill in this transition period will be approximately $55,000 per day.
Finance Lease Liabilities in Associated Companies
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of ours. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through its
subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef which
were chartered-in on a bareboat basis, each for a period of 15 years from delivery by the shipyard. The four vessels are also
chartered-out for the same 15-year period on a bareboat basis to MSC, an unrelated party. On December 31, 2020, we sold
50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. Following the sale of River Box, the investments in
the four container vessels accounted for as direct financing leases of $540.9 million and its related finance lease liabilities of
$464.7 million have been derecognized from our consolidated financial statements. (Refer to Note 9: Gain on Sale of
Subsidiaries and Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
Finance Lease Liabilities
In 2018, we acquired four 14,000 TEU container vessels and three 10,600 TEU container vessels, which were subsequently
refinanced with an Asian based financial institution by entering into separate sale and leaseback financing arrangements. The
vessels are leased back for terms ranging from six to 11 years, with options to purchase the vessel after six years. Due to the
terms of the sale and leaseback arrangements, each option is expected to be exercised on the sixth anniversary. These sale and
leaseback transactions were accounted for as vessels under finance leases. As of December 31, 2021 the outstanding finance
lease liability balance for these leases was $524.2 million.
Derivatives
We use financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, we and
our consolidated subsidiaries had entered into interest rate swap contracts with a combined notional principal amount of $0.7
billion whereby variable LIBOR interest rates excluding additional margins are swapped for fixed interest rates between 0.28%
per annum and 3.09% per annum. We entered into interest rate/currency swap contracts, related to our bonds denominated in
Norwegian kroner, with notional principal amounts of NOK128 million ($15 million), NOK100 million ($11 million) and
NOK420 million ($48 million) whereby variable NIBOR interest rates including additional margin are swapped for average
fixed interest rates of 6.74% per annum, 6.38% per annum and 6.87% per annum respectively, and both the payment of interest
and eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange rate of NOK8.71 = $1, NOK8.89 = $1 and NOK8.69 = $1,
respectively. We also entered into currency swap contracts, related to our NOK700 million bond (due 2023), our NOK700
million bond (due 2024) and our NOK600 million bond (due 2025) denominated in Norwegian kroner, with notional principal
amounts of NOK472 million ($62 million), NOK280 million ($32 million) and NOK600 million ($68 million) where the
eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange rate of NOK7.60 = $1, NOK8.70 = $1 and NOK8.88 = $1
respectively. The overall effect of our swaps is to fix the interest rate on approximately $0.7 billion of our floating rate debt, as
of December 31, 2021, at a weighted average interest rate of 2.68% per annum including margin.
The effect of the above swap contracts is to substantially reduce our exposure to interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations,
further analysis of which is presented in Item 11 "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk".
At the date of this report, we were not party to any other interest rate or currency derivative contracts.
91
Equity
In November 2016, the Board of Directors renewed a share option scheme originally approved in November 2006, permitting
the directors to grant options in our shares to our employees, officers and directors or our subsidiaries. The fair value cost of
options granted is recognized in the statement of operations, with a corresponding amount credited to additional paid in capital.
The additional paid-in capital arising from share options granted was $1.0 million in 2021 (2020: $1.0 million).
In April 2018, we issued a total of 3,765,842 new shares of par value $0.01 each from up to 7,000,000 issuable under a share
lending arrangement in relation with our issuance of 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds in April and May 2018. The
shares issued have been loaned to affiliates of the underwriters of the bond issue in order to assist investors in the bonds to
hedge their position. The bonds are convertible into common shares and mature on May 1, 2023. As required by ASC 470-20
"Debt with Conversion and Other Options", we calculated the equity component of the convertible bond, which was valued at
$7.9 million at issue date and recorded as "Additional paid-in capital". (See Note 21 Short-Term and Long-Term Debt). During
the year ended December 31, 2021, we purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling $2.0 million (2020: $8.4 million). The
equity component of these extinguished bonds was valued at $0.1 million (2020: $0.3 million) and has been deducted from
"Additional paid-in capital".
On May 1, 2020, we filed a registration statement to register the sale of up to 10,000,000 Common Shares pursuant to the
dividend reinvestment plan, ("DRIP") to facilitate investments by individual and institutional shareholders who wish to invest
dividend payments received on shares owned or other cash amounts, in our Common Shares on a regular basis, one time basis
or otherwise. If certain waiver provisions in the DRIP are requested and granted pursuant to the terms of the plan, we may grant
additional share sales to investors from time to time up to the amount registered under the plan.
In May 2020, we entered into an equity distribution agreement with BTIG under which we may, from time to time, offer and
sell new ordinary shares having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million through an ATM.
At our Annual General Meeting held in August 2020, a resolution was passed to approve an increase of our authorized share
capital from $2,000,000 equivalent to 200,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each to $3,000,000 equivalent to
300,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each by the authorization of an additional 100,000,000 common shares of $0.01
par value each.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued and sold 10.7 million (2020: 8.4 million) shares under these DRIP and
ATM arrangements and total proceeds of $89.4 million net of costs were received (2020: $61.5 million), resulting in a premium
on issue of $89.3 million (2020: $61.4 million).
In November 2016, the Board of Directors renewed our Share Option Scheme (the "Option Scheme"), originally approved in
November 2006. The Option Scheme permits the Board of Directors, at its discretion, to grant options to our employees,
officers and directors or our subsidiaries. The fair value cost of options granted is recognized in the statement of operations, and
the corresponding amount is credited to additional paid in capital (see also Note 24: Share Option Plan).
In the year ended December 31, 2021, 129,000 options were exercised, and we made a cash payment of $0.1 million in lieu of
issuing shares under the Option Scheme.
In May 2021, we awarded a total of 480,000 options to officers, employees and directors, pursuant to the Option Scheme. The
options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable from May 2022 onwards.
The initial strike price was $8.79 per share.
In February 2022, the Company awarded a total of 435,000 options to officers, employees and directors, pursuant to the Option
Scheme. The options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable from
February 2023 onwards. The initial strike price was $8.73 per share.
No new shares were issued following the exercise of share options in the year ended December 31, 2021. In 2020, we issued
6,869 new shares of $0.01 each following the exercise of 17,500 share options (2019: 18,246 new shares issued to satisfy
65,000 options exercised). The weighted average exercise price of the options exercised in 2020 was $8.63 per share.
During 2021, we paid four dividends totaling $0.63 per common share (2020: four dividends totaling $1.00 per common share),
or a total of $77.6 million (2020: $109.4 million). All dividends paid in 2021 and 2020 were cash payments paid from
contributed surplus.
92
On February 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.20 per share which will be paid in cash
on or around March 29, 2022.
Following the above transactions, as of December 31, 2021, our issued and fully paid share capital balance was $1.4 million,
our additional paid-in capital was $621.0 million and our contributed surplus balance was $461.8 million.
Contractual Commitments
As of December 31, 2021, we had the following contractual obligations and commitments:
Less than
1 year
Payment due by period
1–3
years
3–5
years
After
5 years
NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds due 2023
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds 2024
NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds 2025
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
Floating rate long-term debt
Lease debt financing (2)
Total debt repayments
Total interest payments (1)
Interest on lease debt financing (2)
Finance lease obligations
Finance lease obligations in associated companies (3)
Interest on finance lease liabilities
Interest on finance lease liabilities in associated companies (3)
Scrubbers and BWTS installation commitments (4)
Total vessel purchases (5)
Commitments under shipbuilding contracts (6)
(in millions of $)
—
—
—
—
—
15.6
273.4
13.8
302.8
88.8
6.0
51.2
12.2
23.5
14.2
2.7
190.0
44.4
79.5
137.9
78.9
—
—
—
697.8
29.0
1,023.1
102.3
9.9
473.0
25.9
35.6
26.0
—
—
209.8
—
—
—
61.3
150.0
—
232.3
31.3
474.9
33.2
6.9
—
29.5
—
22.4
—
—
—
Total
79.5
137.9
78.9
61.3
150.0
15.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
50.0
1,253.5
52.9
102.9
127.0
1,903.7
1.0
1.3
—
153.7
—
39.4
—
—
—
225.3
24.1
524.2
221.3
59.1
102.0
2.7
190.0
254.2
Total contractual cash obligations
735.8
1,905.6
566.9
298.3
3,506.6
(1) Interest payments are based on the existing borrowings of the consolidated subsidiaries. It is assumed that no further
refinancing of existing loans takes place and that there is no repayment on revolving credit facilities. Interest rate swaps
have not been included in the calculation. The interest has been calculated using the five year U.S. dollar swap of 2.42%,
the five year NOK swap of 1.51% and the exchange rate of NOK8.76 = $1 as of March 21, 2022, plus agreed margins.
Interest on fixed rate loans is calculated using the contracted interest rates.
(2) The Company entered into a sale and leaseback transaction via a Japanese Operating Lease with Call Option financing
structure for $130.0 million for the financing of two 6,800 TEU container vessels acquired in the year ended December 31,
2021. The vessels were sold and leased back for a term of six years, with options to purchase each vessel at the end of the
fifth and sixth year. The transaction did not qualify as a sale and has been recorded as a financing arrangement. The lease
debt financing carries interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum.
(3) This represents 49.9% of the finance lease liabilities and interest on finance lease liabilities within River Box in relation to
four container vessels on charter to MSC.
(4) As of December 31, 2021, we had commitments to pay approximately $2.7 million towards the installation of BWTS on
five vessels from our fleet (2020: $7.0 million on 16 vessels), with installations expected to take place up to the end of
2023. As of December 31, 2021, we had no capital commitments towards the procurement of scrubbers on vessels owned
by us (2020: $5.8 million committed on two oil tankers and seven container vessels).
93
(5) As of December 31, 2021, we committed to acquire two Suezmax tankers and two Aframax LR2 product tankers for a total
purchase price of $190.0 million. The four vessels were delivered in January and February 2022. (Refer to Note 30:
Subsequent Events). Upon delivery the vessels each immediately commenced a five year time charter to Trafigura.
(6) As of December 31, 2021, we also had commitments under shipbuilding contracts to construct four newbuilding dual-fuel
7,000 CEU car carriers designed to use liquefied natural gas ("LNG"), totaling to $254.2 million (2020: $0.0 million).
Delivery of the vessels is expected to take place in 2023 and 2024.
There were no other material contractual commitments as of December 31, 2021.
Our contractual obligations and commitments shown above relate to servicing our debt, funding the equity portion of
investments in vessels and funding our working capital requirements. Our funding and treasury activities are conducted within
corporate policies to maximize investment returns while maintaining appropriate liquidity for both our short and long-term
needs.
Our short-term contractual obligations and commitments relate to servicing our debt and funding working capital requirements.
Sources of short-term liquidity include cash balances, short-term investments, available amounts under revolving credit
facilities and receipts from our charters. We believe that our cash flow from the charters will be sufficient to fund our
anticipated debt service and working capital requirements for the short and medium term.
Our long-term liquidity requirements include funding the equity portion of investments in new vessels and repayment of long-
term debt balances. We expect that we will require additional borrowings or issuances of equity in the long term to meet our
capital requirements.
C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.
We do not undertake any significant expenditure on research and development, and have no significant interests in patents or
licenses.
D. TREND INFORMATION
Vessel prices have fluctuated significantly over the past decade. In 2021 a significant number of newbuilding orders were
placed, in contrast to the limited orders during 2020, which had been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In
2021, a total of 1,671 ships of 119.8 million dwt were reported contracted, a 77% year on year increase in terms of dwt. The
increase in newbuilding orders is the result of strengthening market conditions, particularly in the container sector and the
impact of the fuel transition.
The tanker market remained subdued throughout 2021, in some of the most challenging market conditions seen over the last 30
years. Global seaborne crude trade is estimated to have declined by 1.4% year on year to 36.8 million bpd in 2021, below the
2019 level. Since the historic highs it experienced in March and April of 2020 as a result of COVID-19 impacts, the freight
market has generally subsided and remained at depressed levels throughout 2021. Average earnings during 2021 were much
lower than average earnings in 2020. Average earnings during December for the VLCC, Suezmax and Aframax sectors were
approximately $3,800 ($11,800 for scrubber fitted), $10,700 ($14,800 for scrubber fitted) and $12,700 per day ($16,300 for
scrubber fitted), respectively. In 2021 crude tanker demand declined by approximately 2.7% and the crude fleet grew by
approximately 3.3%. Product tanker demand increased by approximately 8.3% while the product tanker fleet grew by 2.9%.
Overall, all tanker sectors experienced significant volatility in 2021. Global oil supply is estimated to have grown by 1.4%,
while global oil demand is estimated to have risen to 99 million bpd in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of now, the fleet of
trading crude tankers is expected to grow by 3.9% during 2022, while crude tanker demand is expected to grow by 7.2% in the
same period. Product tanker demand is expected to grow by 7.2% with the product tanker fleet only expected to increase by
1.3% during 2022, providing support for the tanker sector in 2022. A series of potential impacts and factors may impact the
demand growth. Since the beginning of the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has had significant negative impacts
on oil markets, with lower oil prices as a result of the continued low global oil demand. Whilst oil prices have increased in
2021, the short-term outlook for the tanker sector remains challenging with the market continuing to face pressure from
ongoing oil supply cuts. Also, the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine continues to cause disruption across the oil and
tanker markets, with increasing energy prices and higher fuel costs observed in the first quarter of 2022.
94
Our tanker vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping are subject to long term charters that provide for both a fixed base charter-
hire and profit sharing payments that apply once Frontline Shipping earns average daily rates from our vessels in the market
that exceed the fixed base charter rates, calculated and payable on a quarterly basis. If rates for vessels chartered in the spot
market increase, our profit sharing revenues, if any, will likewise increase for those vessels operated by Frontline Shipping in
the spot market. We also have two Suezmax tankers and two chemical tankers currently employed in the spot market, which
will benefit directly from any strengthening in spot charter rates.
During 2021 the dry bulk fleet is expected to have seen a 3.8% increase in total dwt. This compares to a demand growth of
4.2% in terms of tonne miles, following a year with good earnings. Looking ahead, industry sources are estimating that dry bulk
global trade will expand by 2.2% during 2022, in terms of tonne-miles. This amounts to an approximate total of 5.5 billion
tonnes for the full year. The total dry bulk trade increased by an estimated 3.8% during 2021. Industry sources indicate that the
3.8% increase in seaborne dry bulk trade (in tonnes) during 2021 came as a result of rebounding trade following the COVID-19
outbreak in 2020. The dry bulk fleet is expected to increase by an estimated 2.0% in 2022. With the dry bulk newbuilding
orderbook standing at 7% of the total fleet in terms of capacity and trade expected to continue its rebound with increasing
tonne-miles during 2022, the market could see some positive signs, however with continued uncertainty.
Our dry bulk vessels on charter to Golden Ocean are subject to long term charters that provide for both a fixed base charter-hire
and profit sharing payments that apply once Golden Ocean earns average daily rates from our vessels in the market that exceed
the fixed base charter rates, calculated and payable on a quarterly basis. If rates for vessels chartered in the spot market
increase, our profit sharing revenues, if any, will likewise increase for those vessels operated by Golden Ocean in the spot
market. We also have five 57,000 dwt dry bulk vessels currently employed in the spot market, which will benefit directly from
any strengthening in spot charter rates.
The containership charter market experienced significant market rebound during 2021. After severe negative impacts resulting
from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, volumes recovered quickly in connection with significant logistical
disruptions during the second half of 2020, a trend that has continued throughout 2021. The extraordinary market recovery
resulted in box ship charter rates reaching unprecedented levels and periods never seen before. During the end of 2021 the
Shanghai Containerized Freight Index ("SCFI") surpassed 5,000 points, up from approximately 2,800 points at the start of
2021. The global seaborne container trade is estimated to have increased by 6.1% during 2021 to 206m TEU, up from a decline
of 1.3% in 2020. Fleet capacity picked up in 2021, standing at 4.5% compared to the 2.9% growth seen in 2020. Demolition
activity in the container segment was very limited due to very profitable freight and charter markets during the year with 16
vessels of approximately 12,000 TEU combined being sold for recycling in 2021, compared with 80 vessels of approximately
180,000 TEU during 2020.
Trade growth in 2022 is projected to accelerate, with an estimated 3.8% TEU growth, or 3.5% TEU-miles. In 2021, trade
between the Far East and Europe expanded by an estimated 9% compared to 2020 (TEU). On the peak leg, transpacific trade is
expected to have increased by 19% in 2021 compared to 2020. The positive near-term view and growth expected during 2022 is
expected to remain positive with improving macroeconomic trends.
The reduction in the price of oil seen during 2014 has reduced demand for offshore drilling units, and day rates and utilizations
have declined considerably, as many offshore exploration activities became inviable at low prices of below $50. As a result,
some owners/operators of drilling units have experienced financial difficulties in the past years, including breaching bank
covenants and restructuring. The market remains challenging, with the number of offshore drilling rigs working being
significantly below levels seen during 2014. With the number of rigs available shrinking due to retiring of assets, fleet
utilization level has seen an upward trend during 2021, with global rig utilization increasing by approximately 3% from Q3
2020 to Q3 2021. Global consumption of liquid fuels is estimated to have averaged approximately 99 million barrels per day in
October 2021, an increase from the 91 million barrels per day in 2020. The medium and long term oil price development
remains uncertain, with continued uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic expected to continue to affect the global oil
demand along with a structural transition in global energy systems with renewable energy expected to increase going forward.
The effect on this related to the market is currently difficult to assess.
Interest rates have been at historically low levels since 2009. We have effectively hedged a substantial portion of our interest
exposure on our floating rate debt through swap agreements with banks. Several of our charter contracts also include interest
adjustment clauses, whereby the charter rate is adjusted to reflect the actual interest paid on a deemed outstanding loan relating
to the asset, effectively transferring the interest rate exposure to our counterparty under the charter contract.
95
The above overviews of the various sectors in which we operate are based on current market conditions. However, market
developments cannot always be predicted and may differ from our current expectations. Please also see Item 5.A. Operating
Results—Market Overview for additional information with respect to trends observed in the applicable markets, including the
disclaimers therein.
E. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates
and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of our financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. For a detailed
discussion of the accounting policies we apply that are considered to involve a higher degree of judgment in their application
refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates showing under Item 5.A. Operating Results.
ITEM 6.
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and officers including the Chief Executive Officer and the
Chief Financial Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary SFL Management AS, who are responsible for overseeing our
management.
Name
James O'Shaughnessy
Kathrine Astrup Fredriksen
Gary Vogel
Keesjan Cordia
Ole B. Hjertaker
Aksel C. Olesen
Age Position
58 Director of the Company and Chairperson of the Audit Committee
38 Director of the Company
56 Director of the Company
47 Director of the Company
55 Director and Chief Executive Officer of SFL Management AS (Principal Executive Officer)
45 Chief Financial Officer of SFL Management AS (Principal Financial Officer)
Under our constituent documents, we are required to have at least one independent director on our Board of Directors whose
consent will be required to file for bankruptcy, liquidate or dissolve, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.
Certain biographical information about each of our directors and officers is set forth below.
James O'Shaughnessy has been a Director of the Company since September 2018. Mr. O'Shaughnessy served as an Executive
Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller of Axis Capital Holdings Limited up to March 26, 2019.
Prior to that Mr. O'Shaughnessy has amongst others served as Chief Financial Officer of Flagstone Reinsurance Holdings and
as Chief Accounting Officer and Senior Vice President of Scottish Re Group Ltd., and Chief Financial Officer of XL Re Ltd. at
XL Group plc. Mr. O'Shaughnessy received a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University College, Cork, Ireland and is both
a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ireland, an Associate Member of the Chartered Insurance Institute of the
UK and a Chartered Director. Mr. O'Shaughnessy also serves as a director of Frontline, Golden Ocean, Archer Limited, Avance
Gas, ST Energy Transition I Ltd., CG Insurance Group and Catalina General.
Kathrine Astrup Fredriksen has been a Director of the Company since February 2020. Ms. Fredriksen has served as a board
member of Norwegian Property ASA since 2016, Axactor SE since April 2020 and Avance Gas since May 2021. Ms.
Fredriksen is currently employed by Seatankers Services (UK) LLP and she has previously been on the boards of Seadrill,
Golar LNG, Frontline and Deep Sea Supply. Ms. Fredriksen was educated at the European Business School in London.
Gary Vogel has served as a Director of the Company since December 2016. Mr. Vogel is the Chief Executive Officer and a
director of Eagle Bulk Shipping Inc (NASDAQ: EGLE), a U.S. listed owner and operator of dry bulk vessels. He has worked
extensively both in the dry bulk market and capital markets, and was previously the Chief Executive Officer of Clipper Group
in Denmark.
96
Keesjan Cordia has been a Director of the Company since September 2018. Mr. Cordia is a private investor with a background
in Economics and Business Administration. Mr. Cordia holds several board and advisory board positions in the oil and gas
industry, among which he is a board member of Workships group B.V (2006), Combifloat B.V (2013) and Kerrco Inc (2017).
He has been Chairman of the board of Oceanteam ASA since April 2018. From 2006-2014 he was CEO at Seafox (Offshore
Services). Mr. Cordia is founder and Managing Partner of Invaco Management B.V., an investment firm based in Amsterdam.
He is also an advisor to Parcom Capital and member of the investor committee of Connected Capital, both private equity firms.
Mr. Cordia also serves as a director of Northern Drilling Ltd.
Ole B. Hjertaker has been a Director of the Company since October 2019. Mr. Hjertaker has served as Chief Executive Officer
of SFL Management AS since July 2009, prior to which he served as Chief Financial Officer from September 2006. Mr.
Hjertaker also served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of SFL Management AS between July 2009 and January 2011. Prior to
joining SFL, Mr. Hjertaker was employed in the Corporate Finance division of DNB NOR Markets, a leading shipping and
offshore bank. Mr. Hjertaker has extensive corporate and investment banking experience, mainly within the maritime/
transportation industries, and holds a Master of Science degree from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business
Administration. Mr. Hjertaker also serves as a director of NorAm Drilling Company AS.
Aksel C. Olesen has been the Chief Financial Officer of SFL Management AS since January 2019. Prior to joining SFL
Management AS, he spent 12 years at Pareto Securities where he worked in various positions in the firm’s investment banking
division, including as Head of Investment Banking Asia in Singapore from 2011 to 2014 and most recent as Head of Shipping
and Offshore Project Finance. Mr. Olesen started his career working for the shipping company Kristian Jebsens Rederi as part
of the legal, business development and finance team. Mr. Olesen holds a Master of Law degree from the University of Bergen.
B. COMPENSATION
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we paid to our directors and officers aggregate cash compensation of $1.6 million,
including an aggregate amount of $0.05 million for pension and retirement benefits. We reimburse directors for reasonable out
of pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with their service to us. In addition to cash compensation, during 2021 we
also recognized a net expense of $0.7 million relating to directors' and officers' stock options.
C. BOARD PRACTICES
In accordance with our Bye-laws, the number of directors shall be such number not less than two as we may by Ordinary
Resolution determine from time to time, and each director shall hold office until the next annual general meeting following his
election or until his successor is elected. We currently have five directors.
We currently have an Audit Committee, which is responsible for overseeing the quality and integrity of our financial statements
and our accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the
independent auditor's qualifications, independence and performance, and our internal audit function. James O'Shaughnessy is
the Chairperson of the Audit Committee and the Audit Committee Financial Expert.
We currently have a Compensation Committee, which is responsible for establishing and reviewing the executive officers' and
managements' compensation and benefits. Gary Vogel and James O'Shaughnessy are members of the Compensation
Committee.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain requirements of the NYSE that are applicable to U.S. listed
companies. For a listing and further discussion of how our corporate governance practices differ from those required of U.S.
companies listed on the NYSE, please see Item 16G or visit the corporate governance section of our website at
www.sflcorp.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report.
Our officers are elected by our Board of Directors immediately following each Annual General Meeting and shall hold office
for such period and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.
There are no service contracts between us and any of our directors providing for benefits upon termination of their employment
or service as a director.
97
D. EMPLOYEES
We currently employ 18 persons on a full-time basis through our subsidiaries SFL Management AS, SFL UK Management Ltd
and SFL Management (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., and during the year ended December 31, 2021, employed 18 persons on a full-time
basis. We have contracted with independent ship managers to provide technical management services and with Frontline
Management, Golden Ocean Management, and other third parties for certain managerial responsibilities for our fleet. Frontline
Management are also contracted to provide certain administrative services, including corporate services, and have contracted
with Seatankers and Front Ocean for certain advisory and support services.
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
The beneficial interests of our Directors and officers in our common shares as of March 24, 2022, are as follows:
Director or Officer
James O'Shaughnessy
Kathrine Astrup Fredriksen
Gary Vogel
Keesjan Cordia
Ole B. Hjertaker
Aksel C. Olesen
* Less than one percent.
Beneficial interest
in Common
Shares of
$0.01 each
Additional interest in
options to acquire
Common Shares
which have vested
Percentage of
Common
Shares
Outstanding
—
**
—
—
91,840
—
41,666
—
41,666
41,666
276,666
133,334
*
*
*
*
*
*
** Ms. Kathrine Fredriksen, the daughter of Mr. John Fredriksen, does not directly own any of our common shares. Please see
“Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—A. Major Shareholders”.
Share Option Scheme
In November 2016, our Board of Directors renewed the SFL Corporation Ltd. Share Option Scheme originally approved in
November 2006. Following the renewal in November 2016, the scheme will expire in November 2026. The subscription price
for all options granted under the scheme will be reduced by the amount of all dividends per share declared by us in the period
from the date of grant until the date the options are exercised.
In September 2017, 113,000 options were awarded to employees and officers pursuant to our Share Option Scheme. The
options vest over a three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $14.30 per share and the first
options will be exercisable from September 2018.
In April 2018, 83,000 options were awarded to employees and officers pursuant to our Share Option Scheme. The options vest
over a three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $14.67 per share and the first options will be
exercisable from April 2019.
In January 2019, 100,000 options were awarded to one officer pursuant to our Share Option Scheme. The options vest over a
three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $11.50 per share and the first options will be
exercisable from January 2020.
In March 2019, 425,000 options were awarded to employees, officers and Directors pursuant to our Share Option Scheme. The
options vest over a three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $12.35 per share and the first
options will be exercisable from March 2020.
In February 2020, 350,000 options were awarded to employees, officers and Directors pursuant to our Share Option Scheme.
The options vest over a three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $13.45 per share and the first
options will be exercisable from February 2021.
98
In May 2021, 480,000 options were awarded to employees, officers and Directors pursuant to our Share Option Scheme. The
options vest over a three-year period and have a five-year term. The initial exercise price was $8.79 per share and the first
options will be exercisable from May 2022.
In February 2022, the Company awarded a total of 435,000 options to employees, officers and Directors, pursuant to the Option
Scheme. The options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable from
February 2023 onwards. The initial strike price was $8.73 per share.
Details of options to acquire our common shares by our Directors and officers as of March 24, 2022, were as follows:
Director or Officer
James O'Shaughnessy
James O'Shaughnessy
James O'Shaughnessy
James O'Shaughnessy
Gary Vogel
Gary Vogel
Gary Vogel
Gary Vogel
Keesjan Cordia
Keesjan Cordia
Keesjan Cordia
Keesjan Cordia
Kathrine Astrup Fredriksen
Kathrine Astrup Fredriksen
Ole B. Hjertaker
Ole B. Hjertaker
Ole B. Hjertaker
Ole B. Hjertaker
Ole B. Hjertaker
Ole B. Hjertaker
Aksel C. Olesen
Aksel C. Olesen
Aksel C. Olesen
Aksel C. Olesen
Number of options
Total
Vested
Exercise
price
Expiration Date
25,000
25,000
25,000
30,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
30,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
30,000
25,000
30,000
40,000
30,000
150,000
85,000
180,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
80,000
75,000
25,000 $
16,666 $
— $
— $
25,000 $
9.47
11.62
8.11
8.53
9.47
March 2024
February 2025
May 2026
February 2027
March 2024
16,666 $
11.62
February 2025
— $
— $
25,000 $
8.11
8.53
9.47
May 2026
February 2027
March 2024
16,666 $
11.62
February 2025
— $
— $
— $
— $
40,000 $
30,000 $
150,000 $
56,666 $
— $
— $
100,000 $
8.11
8.53
8.11
8.53
9.32
10.39
9.47
11.62
8.11
8.53
8.27
May 2026
February 2027
May 2026
February 2027
September 2022
April 2023
March 2024
February 2025
May 2026
February 2027
January 2024
33,334 $
11.62
February 2025
— $
— $
8.11
8.53
May 2026
February 2027
99
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
The following table presents certain information as of March 21, 2022, regarding the ownership of our Common Shares with
respect to each shareholder whom we know to beneficially own five percent or more of our outstanding Common Shares.
Owner
Hemen Holding Limited (1)
Number of
Common Shares
Percent of
Common Shares
25,728,687
18.6%
(1) C.K. Limited is the trustee of two trusts (the “Trusts”) settled by Mr. John Fredriksen. The Trusts indirectly hold all of the
shares of Hemen and the sole shareholder of Hemen, Greenwich Holdings Limited. Accordingly, C.K. Limited, as trustee, may
be deemed to beneficially own the 25,728,687 common shares of the Company that are owned by Hemen and beneficially
owned by Greenwich Holdings Limited. The beneficiaries of the Trusts are members of Mr. Fredriksen’s family. Mr.
Fredriksen is neither a beneficiary nor a trustee of either Trust. Therefore, Mr. Fredriksen has no economic interest in such
25,728,687 common shares and Mr. Fredriksen disclaims any control over such 25,728,687 common shares, save for any
indirect influence he may have with C.K. Limited, as the trustee of the Trusts, in his capacity as the settlor of the Trusts.
A total of 138,551,387 common shares were outstanding as of March 21, 2022.
In calculating the above percentages of common shares held by Hemen, the total number of issued and outstanding common
shares of 138,551,387 was used as denominator which includes shares outstanding from share lending arrangements. Included
are 8,000,000 shares initially issued and loaned as part of a share lending arrangement relating to the October 2016 issue of
5.75% convertible notes. After the maturity of these bonds in 2021, the loaned shares were transferred to another party under a
general share lending agreement. We have also included 3,765,842 shares which were issued and loaned in December 2018 as
part of a share lending arranging relating to the 4.875% convertible notes. These 3,765,842 shares which were issued and
loaned, are owned by the Company and are to be returned on or before maturity of the bonds in 2023 pursuant to the terms of
the applicable share lending arrangement.
Our major shareholders have the same voting rights as our other shareholders.
As of March 21, 2022, we had 339 holders of record in the United States, including Cede & Co., which is the Depository Trust
Company’s nominee for holding shares on behalf of brokerage firms, as a single holder of record.
We are not aware of any arrangements, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company, which was formed in 2003 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Frontline, was partially spun-off in 2004 and its
shares commenced trading on the NYSE in June 2004. A large part of our business continues to be transacted through
contractual relationships between us and the following related parties, being companies in which Hemen and companies
associated with Hemen have, or had, a significant direct or indirect interest:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Frontline
Frontline Shipping
Seadrill (1)
Golden Ocean
Seatankers
Front Ocean
NorAm Drilling
ADS Maritime Holding Plc, formerly known as ADS Crude Carriers Plc ("ADS Maritime Holding")
Golden Close
River Box
100
(1) From February 2022, Seadrill was determined to no longer be a related party following its emergence from bankruptcy (see
below).
As of March 24, 2022, we chartered two vessels to Frontline Shipping under long-term direct financing leases, both of which
have given economic effect from January 1, 2004. As of December 31, 2021, the balance of net investments in direct financing
leases to Frontline Shipping was $69.8 million (2020: $76.1 million) before credit loss provision and of which $6.5 million
(2020: $6.3 million) represented short-term maturities.
Frontline Shipping is a wholly owned subsidiary of Frontline, but the performance under the leases is not guaranteed by
Frontline. Frontline Shipping can only make distributions to its parent company if it can demonstrate it will have free cash of
minimum of $2 million per vessel both prior to and following (i) such distribution, (ii) the payment of the next hire due and any
profit share accrued under the charters and (iii) the note issued to us must be fully repaid. Due to the volatile nature of the
tanker market, there is a risk that Frontline Shipping may not have sufficient funds to pay the agreed charter hires. However, the
performance under the fixed price management agreements with Frontline Management whereby we pay management fees of
$9,000 per day for each vessel to cover all operating costs including drydocking costs, are guaranteed by Frontline.
As compensation for amendments entered into in June 2015, we received 55 million ordinary shares in Frontline, the fair value
of which amounted to $150.2 million on the date of receipt. Following the amendments, from July 1, 2015, the leases were
revised to reflect the compensation payment received and the reduction in future minimum lease payments to be received. In
February 2016, Frontline enacted a 1-for-5 reverse stock split, and after the stock split we held 11 million ordinary shares.
During the year ended December 31, 2020 we sold approximately 2.0 million shares (2019: 7.6 million shares) and our holding
of Frontline now consists of approximately 1.4 million shares. No shares were sold in the year ended December 31, 2021. No
dividend income was received on these shares in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: $3.1 million).
During 2019, we agreed to install scrubbers on the two vessels on charter to Frontline Shipping and incurred costs of $4.2
million which represents a 50% share of joint costs with Frontline Shipping. Profits sharing arrangements were not changed.
Amendments to the charter agreements made in June 2015, increased the profit sharing percentage to 50% for earnings above
the new time charter rates with effect from July 1, 2015. Following the amendments, the profit share is calculated and payable
on a quarterly basis. We earned $0.3 million under the 50% profit sharing agreement in 2021 (2020: $18.6 million; 2019: $4.8
million).
As of March 24, 2022, we chartered one ultra deepwater drilling unit (West Hercules) and one jack-up drilling rig (West Linus)
to subsidiaries of Seadrill. The charters for these rigs were initially classified as direct financing leases and the rig owning
subsidiaries were accounted for using the equity method until August 2021 and October 2020 respectively. In the year ended
December 31, 2021 the applicable bankruptcy court approved the Interim Funding and Settlement Agreement signed between
the Company and Seadrill, allowing Seadrill to pay reduced charter hire for the two rigs during the interim period. The change
in rate met the definition of a modification resulting in the leases being reclassified from direct financing leases to operating
leases. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we earned operating lease revenues of $28.9 million in relation to the two rigs on
charter to Seadrill. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the two rigs was $599.3 million.
In 2015, we took delivery of eight Capesize dry bulk carriers from subsidiaries of Golden Ocean for a total cost of $272.0
million. The vessels were immediately chartered back to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean on 10 year time charters, at base charter
rates of $17,600 per day for the first seven years and $14,900 per day thereafter. The charters also included an interest
adjustment clause, whereby the base charter rates are adjusted based on the actual LIBOR compared to a base LIBOR. The
performance under the charters is fully guaranteed by Golden Ocean. We also receive a 33% profit share of revenues above the
interest adjusted base charter rates, calculated and payable on a quarterly basis. In December 2019, amendments were made to
seven of the charters, we agreed to finance an exhaust gas cleaning system ("scrubbers") on seven vessels with an amount of up
to $2.5 million per vessel, subject to an increase in the base charter rate of $1,535 per day from 1 January 2020 until 30 June
2025. In the event that the cost of the installation is below or exceeds $2.5 million per vessel, such cost will be for the benefit of
Golden Ocean.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, we earned $9.8 million income under this arrangement (2020: $0.0 million; 2019: $0.8
million). The charters for these vessels are classified as operating leases and as of December 31, 2021, the net book value of
these vessels was $181.3 million (2020: $200.5 million). The amendment to charters on seven of the vessels in 2019 did not
amend the original lease classification.
101
We pay Frontline Management a management fee of $9,000 per day per vessel for all vessels chartered to Frontline Shipping,
apart from certain vessels where the fee is suspended while they are sub-chartered on a bareboat basis. This daily fee has been
payable since July 1, 2015, when amendments to the charter agreement became effective, before which the fixed daily fee was
$6,500 per day. As of March 24, 2022, we also have 21 container vessels, seven dry bulk carriers, five Suezmax tankers, two
car carriers, six product tankers and two chemical tankers operating on time charter or in the spot market, for which the
supervision of the technical management is sub-contracted to Frontline Management. We also pay Frontline and its subsidiaries
a fixed management fee of $150 per day, in relation to five Suezmax tankers and six product tankers operating in the spot
market and on time charter, and an additional fee of 1.25% of chartering revenues, in relation to the two Suezmax tankers
operating in the spot market. In the year ended December 31, 2021, management fees paid to Frontline Management amounted
to $7.8 million (2020: $8.9 million; 2019: $11.8 million). The management fees are classified as vessel operating expenses.
We pay Golden Ocean Management a management fee of $7,000 per day per vessel for the eight vessels chartered to a
subsidiary of Golden Ocean. As of March 24, 2022, we also have 16 container vessels and seven dry bulk carriers operating on
time charter or in the spot market, for which part of the operating management is sub-contracted to Golden Ocean Management.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, total management fees paid to Golden Ocean Management amounted to approximately
$20.8 million (2020: $21.4 million; 2019: $21.3 million).
In 2018, we received a termination fee of $8.9 million (with a fair value of $4.4 million) in the form of a loan note from
Frontline Shipping for the early termination of the Front Circassia lease and loan notes from Frontline for $3.4 million per
vessel were received as compensation for early termination of the charters Front Page, Front Stratus, Front Serenade and Front
Ariake. The loans notes were settled in February 2020. In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we earned total interest
on the loan notes from Frontline and Frontline Shipping in the amount of $0.2 million and $1.6 million respectively.
In February 2020, we delivered the 2002-built VLCC Front Hakata to an unrelated third party for sale proceeds of $33.5
million. Furthermore, we agreed with Frontline Shipping Limited (“FSL”), to terminate the long-term charter for the vessel
upon the sale and delivery and paid $3.2 million compensation to FSL for early termination of the charter. The loan notes for
the Front Circassia, Front Page, Front Stratus, Front Serenade and Front Ariake sold in 2018 were settled in February 2020.
We received $19.9 million as settlement and recognized a gain of $4.4 million in the first quarter of 2020.
In August 2018, we acquired approximately 4.0 million shares in ADS Maritime Holding, a newly formed company trading on
the Oslo Merkur Market, for a purchase price of $10.0 million. In December 2019, we signed a $7.5 million senior unsecured
revolving credit facility agreement with ADS Maritime Holding, as ‘Borrower’ whereby SFL would provide $5 million of the
unsecured facility or approximately 67%. The facility was available for 12 months and carried an interest rate and a
commitment fee on the undrawn available balance of the facility. We received an upfront fee of $50,000 in respect of this
contract in the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, the shares in ADS Maritime Holding were valued at
$8.9 million. Dividend income of $2.9 million was received in 2020 (2019: $0.3 million), which represents approximately 17%
of the outstanding shares in 2020. In year ended December 31, 2021, we received a capital dividend of approximately $8.8
million following the sale of the remaining two vessels by ADS Maritime Holding. Also in the year December 31, 2021, we
sold the shares in ADS Maritime Holding for a consideration of approximately $0.8 million and recorded a gain of $0.7 million
on disposal.
In November 2016, we acquired approximately 12 million shares in NorAm Drilling for a consideration of approximately $0.7
million. In November 2018 NorAm undertook a share consolidation of 20:1, resulting in a revised investment of 0.6 million
shares. On the same day NorAm participated in a rights issue, increasing our investment in shares by 0.6 million shares. In
December 2018, we acquired an additional 41,756 shares bringing the total investment in NorAm to 1.3 million shares. This
investment is valued at $1.3 million as of December 31, 2021 and is included in "Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities" (Note 11). No dividend income was received from the investment in NorAm Drilling in the years ended
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
We also hold within "Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" senior secured corporate bonds in NorAm Drilling due 2021.
During 2018, we redeemed a total of 0.5 million units at par value and recorded no gain or loss on redemption. In 2020, we
partially disposed of the investment in NorAm Drilling securities at par value of $0.3 million. Interest amounting to $0.4
million was earned in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.4 million; 2019: $0.5 million).
102
River Box was a previously wholly-owned subsidiary of SFL. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through its
subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. On
December 31, 2020, we sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. Net proceeds of $17.5
million were received for the shares, resulting in a net gain of $1.9 million on the sale. SFL has accounted for the remaining
49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). SFL has
granted a $45.0 million fixed interest rate loan to River Box. The loan is repayable in full on November 16, 2033, or earlier if
the company sell its assets. The outstanding loan balance as of December 31, 2021 was $45 million.
SFL Hercules and SFL Linus each own the drilling units West Hercules and West Linus respectively. These units are leased to
subsidiaries of Seadrill. SFL Deepwater owned the drilling unit West Taurus, which was also on charter to a subsidiary of
Seadrill until the first quarter of 2021. Because the main assets of SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and SFL Linus were the
subject of leases which each include both fixed price call options and a fixed price purchase obligation or put option, they were
previously determined to be variable interest entities in which SFL was not the primary beneficiary and therefore were all
previously accounted for as investments in associated companies. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
During the year ended December 31, 2021, and following amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan facility
agreements, SFL Hercules Ltd was determined to no longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August 27,
2021 when the amendments were approved by the applicable bankruptcy court. With regards to SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater,
the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of the two subsidiaries in October 2020, following changes to their
financing agreements and as a result of defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, from October 2020 these two subsidiaries were
consolidated by the Company. SFL has agreements with SFL Hercules, SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater granting them loans of
$145.0 million, $125.0 million and $145.0 million respectively. The net outstanding balance of these loans has now been
consolidated by SFL.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, we received interest income on these loans of $4.6 million from River Box (2020: $0.0
million; 2019: $0.0 million) and $2.4 million from SFL Hercules (2020: $3.6 million; 2019: $3.6 million) totaling $6.9 million.
In 2020 we also received interest income of $3.8 million from SFL Deepwater (2019: $5.1 million), and $4.5 million from SFL
Linus (2019: $5.4 million).
In February 2021, Seadrill and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the Southern District of Texas. SFL and certain
of its subsidiaries have entered into court approved interim agreements with Seadrill relating to two of our drilling rigs, West
Linus and West Hercules, allowing for the uninterrupted performance of sub-charters to oil majors while the Chapter 11 process
was ongoing. Pursuant to these agreements, Seadrill is allowed to use funds received from the respective sub-charterers to pay a
fixed level of operating and maintenance expenses in addition to general and administrative costs. In exchange, SFL receives
approximately 65 - 75% of the contractual charter hire under the existing charter agreements for West Linus and West Hercules.
Any excess amounts paid pursuant to the above referenced sub-charters will remain in Seadrill's earnings accounts, that are
pledged to SFL and its financing banks.
In August 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules. Under the amendment agreement with
Seadrill, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major into the second half of 2022 (the “charter period”),
prior to being redelivered to SFL in Norway. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, SFL has agreed to receive bareboat hire of
(i) approximately $64,700 per day until Seadrill emerges from Chapter 11 and its plan of reorganization (the "Plan") is
confirmed by the court (the “Emergence Date”), and (ii) following the Emergence Date, approximately $60,000 per day while
the rig is employed under a contract and generating revenues for Seadrill and approximately $40,000 in all other scenarios,
including when the rig is idle or undergoing mobilization or demobilization. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, Seadrill has
agreed to fund the mobilization and demobilization of the rig, which is expected to occur during the charter period. Seadrill
obtained bankruptcy court approval of the amendment agreement on August 27, 2021, which was a condition precedent to the
effectiveness to the amendment agreement. Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s
limited corporate guarantee of the outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83 million.
Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged Earnings Account at the time of
redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill.
Following these amendments, SFL Hercules is in compliance with its debt covenants.
The lease to West Taurus, was rejected by the court in March 2021 and the rig was redelivered by Seadrill to SFL in the second
quarter of 2021. In March 2021, we signed an agreement for the recycling of the rig at a facility in Turkey and delivered to the
recycling facility in September 2021. The asset was derecognized at disposal and a net loss of $0.6 million was recorded in
relation to the recycling of the rig.
103
On October 26, 2021, Seadrill announced that the Plan was confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of
Texas. On February 22, 2022, Seadrill announced that it has emerged from Chapter 11 after successfully completing its
reorganization.
In February 2022, we agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the harsh environment jack-up
drilling rig West Linus. The rig was delivered in 2014, and is currently operated by a subsidiary of Seadrill and employed on a
long-term drilling contract with ConocoPhillips in the North Sea until the fourth quarter of 2028.
Seadrill, ConocoPhillips and us reached an agreement in which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is expected to be
assigned from the current operator to one of our subsidiaries upon the new operator receiving necessary regulatory approvals.
Upon effective assignment of the drilling contract, SFL will receive charter hire from the rig and pay for operating and
management expenses.
SFL has simultaneously entered into an agreement for the operational management of the rig with a subsidiary of Odfjell, a
leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to
customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Until the approvals are in place, Seadrill will continue the existing charter arrangements for a period of up to approximately
nine months. The bareboat charter rate from Seadrill in this transition period will be approximately $55,000 per day.
Upon emergence from Chapter 11 in February 2022, a new independent Board of Directors assumed leadership of the new
parent company of the Seadrill group, which is referred to as Seadrill 2021 Limited. Hemen's shareholding in Seadrill 2021
Limited post-emergence from bankruptcy is also below 1%. Consequently, SFL determined that Seadrill and Seadrill 2021
Limited were no longer a related party following the emergence from bankruptcy.
For a discussion of certain operating, environmental and other risks relating to our rigs, please refer to the risk factors section
(see Item 3D).
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
The consolidated financial statements of SFL Corporation Ltd. (formerly Ship Finance International Limited) (“SFL” or the
“Company”) and its subsidiaries, consist of consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and
the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021,
which have been audited by MSPC, Certified Public Accountants and Advisors, PC (“MSPC”) (PCAOB ID No. 717), an
independent registered public accounting firm, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America.
As part of the above audits MSPC had used employees of other accounting firms to participate in its audit of the Company in
accordance with PCAOB AS 1201. Such personnel were from Moore Stephens LLP, the UK member firm of Moore Stephens
International until February 4. 2019 and thereafter latterly BDO LLP (“BDO”), the UK member firm of BDO International.
In October 2019, during the annual independence evaluation procedures, BDO (and previously Moore Stephens LLP) identified
a non-audit service provided in fiscal years 2018 and 2019 to SFL UK Management Ltd (formerly Ship Finance Management
(UK) Limited), an immaterial UK subsidiary of the Company that is not permissible under SEC independence rules. The
services were performed by different BDO employees to those that participated in the MSPC audit of the Company. BDO,
previously Moore Stephens LLP ceased to provide these services prior to December 31, 2019. The fees for the services to both
Moore Stephens LLP and latterly BDO were less than 1% of the total annual audit fee to MSPC and the UK subsidiary’s assets
and income were less than 0.5% of the total consolidated asset and net income of the Company in each of the above respective
periods.
MSPC considered whether the matter noted above impacted its objectivity and ability to exercise impartial judgment with
regard to its engagement as our auditors and have concluded that there has been no impairment of MSPC’s objectivity and
ability to exercise impartial judgment on all matters encompassed within its audits. After taking into consideration the facts and
circumstances of the above matter and MSPC’s determination, our Board of Directors also concluded that MSPC’s objectivity
and ability to exercise impartial judgment has not been impaired during any of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2021.
104
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
See Item 18.
Legal Proceedings
We and our ship-owning subsidiaries are routinely party, as plaintiff or defendant, to claims and lawsuits in various
jurisdictions for demurrage, damages, off-hire and other claims and commercial disputes arising from the operation of their
vessels, in the ordinary course of business or in connection with acquisition activities. We believe that resolution of such claims
will not have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial conditions.
Dividend Policy
Our Board of Directors adopted a policy in May 2004 in connection with our public listing, whereby we seek to pay a regular
quarterly dividend, the amount of which is based on our contracted revenues and growth prospects. Our goal is to increase our
quarterly dividend as we grow the business, but the timing and amount of dividends, if any, is at the sole discretion of our
Board of Directors and will depend upon our operating results, financial condition, cash requirements, restrictions in terms of
financing arrangements and other relevant factors.
We have paid the following cash dividends in 2019, 2020 and 2021:
Payment Date
2019
March 29, 2019
June 28, 2019
September 23, 2019
December 27, 2019
2020
March 25, 2020
June 30, 2020
September 30, 2020
December 30, 2020
2021
March 30, 2021
June 29, 2021
September 29, 2021
December 29, 2021
Amount per
Share
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.25
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.18
On February 16, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.20 per share which will be paid in cash on or around
March 29, 2022.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
None.
105
ITEM 9.
THE OFFER AND LISTING
Not applicable except for Item 9.A.4. and Item 9.C.
Our common shares were listed on the NYSE on June 14, 2004, and commenced trading on that date under the symbol "SFL".
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. SHARE CAPITAL
Not Applicable.
B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
Our Memorandum of Association has previously been filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-4
(Registration No. 333-115705) filed with the SEC on May 25, 2004, and is hereby incorporated by reference into this Annual
Report.
At our 2013 Annual General Meeting the shareholders voted to amend our Bye-laws, principally those governing General
Meetings, proceedings of the Board of Directors and delegation of its powers. Our amended Bye-laws as adopted by
shareholders on September 20, 2013, have previously been filed as Exhibit 1.3 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the year
ended December 31, 2014, filed with the SEC on April 9, 2015 and are hereby incorporated by reference to this Annual Report.
At our 2016 Annual General Meeting the shareholders voted to amend our Bye-laws to change the quorum requirement for
General Meetings to two Members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote (whatever the number of shares held by
them). Our amended Bye-laws as adopted by shareholders on September 23, 2016, have previously been filed as Exhibit 1 to
our report on Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on September 29, 2016, and are hereby incorporated by reference to this Annual
Report.
At our 2016 Annual General Meeting the shareholders approved the reorganization of our share capital, which resulted in a
reduction of the par value of our common shares from $1.00 to $0.01 and an increase in the number of authorized shares from
125,000,000 to 150,000,000.
At our 2018 Annual General Meeting, the shareholders approved the increase of our authorized share capital from
US$1,500,000 divided into 150,000,000 common shares of US$0.01 par value each to US$2,000,000 divided into 200,000,000
common shares of US$0.01 par value each by the authorization of an additional 50,000,000 common shares of US$0.01 par
value each.
On May 1, 2020, SFL filed a registration statement to register the sale of up to 10,000,000 Common Shares pursuant to the
dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP to facilitate investments by individual and institutional shareholders who wish to invest
dividend payments received on shares owned or other cash amounts, in the Company's Common Shares on a regular basis, one
time basis or otherwise. If certain waiver provisions in the DRIP are requested and granted pursuant to the terms of the plan,
SFL may grant additional share sales to investors from time to time up to the amount registered under the plan.
At the Annual General Meeting of the Company held in August 2020, a resolution was passed to approve an increase of the
Company’s authorized share capital from $2,000,000 equivalent to 200,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each to
$3,000,000 equivalent to 300,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each by the authorization of an additional 100,000,000
common shares of $0.01 par value each.
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Our purposes and powers are set forth in Items 6(1) and 7(a) through (h) of our Memorandum of Association and in the Second
Schedule of the Bermuda Companies Act of 1981, which is attached as an exhibit to our Memorandum of Association. These
purposes include exploring, drilling, moving, transporting and refining petroleum and hydro-carbon products, including oil and
oil products; the acquisition, ownership, chartering, selling, management and operation of ships and aircraft; the entering into of
any guarantee, contract, indemnity or suretyship and to assure, support, secure, with or without the consideration or benefit, the
performance of any obligations of any person or persons; and the borrowing and raising of money in any currency or currencies
to secure or discharge any debt or obligation in any manner.
Bermuda law permits the Bye-laws of a Bermuda company to contain provisions excluding personal liability of a director,
alternate director, officer, member of a committee authorized under Bye-law 98, resident representative or their respective heirs,
executors or administrators to us for any loss arising or liability attaching to him by virtue of any rule of law in respect of any
negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which the officer or person may be guilty. Bermuda law also grants
companies the power generally to indemnify our directors, alternate directors and officers and any members of a committee
authorized under Bye-law 98, resident representatives or their respective heirs, executors or administrators if any such person
was or is a party or threatened to be made a party to a threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of
the fact that he or she is or was a director, alternate director or officer of ours or member of a committee authorized under Bye-
law 98, resident representative or their respective heirs, executors or administrators or was serving in a similar capacity for
another entity at our request.
Our shareholders have no pre-emptive, subscription, redemption, conversion or sinking fund rights. Shareholders are entitled to
one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. Shareholders have no cumulative
voting rights. Shareholders are entitled to dividends if and when they are declared by our Board of Directors, subject to any
preferred dividend right of holders of any preference shares. Directors to be elected by shareholder require a majority of votes
cast at a meeting at which a quorum is present. For all other matters, unless a different majority is required by law or our Bye-
laws, resolutions to be approved by shareholders require approval by a majority of votes cast at a meeting at which a quorum is
present.
Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, shareholders will be entitled to receive, ratably, our net assets available after
the payment of all our debts and liabilities and any preference amount owed to any preference shareholders. The rights of
shareholders, including the right to elect directors, are subject to the rights of any series of preference shares we may issue in
the future.
Under our Bye-laws annual meetings of shareholders will be held each calendar year at a time and place selected by our Board
of Directors (but never in the United Kingdom or Norway). Special meetings of shareholders may be called by our Board of
Directors at any time and must be called at the request of shareholders holding at least 10% of our paid-up share capital
carrying the right to vote at general meetings. Under our Bye-laws five days' notice of an annual meeting or any special meeting
must be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at that meeting. Under Bermuda law accidental failure to give notice will not
invalidate proceedings at a meeting. Our Board of Directors may set a record date at any time before or after any date on which
such notice is dispatched.
Special rights attaching to any class of our shares may be altered or abrogated with the consent in writing of not less than 75%
of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of such
shares voting in person or by proxy.
Our Bye-laws do not prohibit a director from being a party to, or otherwise having an interest in, any transaction or arrangement
with us or in which we are otherwise interested. Our Bye-laws provide our Board of Directors the authority to exercise all of the
powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of our property and assets as collateral
security for any debt, liability or obligation. Our directors are not required to retire because of their age, and our directors are
not required to be holders of our common shares. Directors serve for one-year term, and shall serve until re-elected or until their
successors are appointed at the next annual general meeting.
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Our Bye-laws provide that no director, alternate director, officer, person or member of a committee, if any, resident
representative, or his heirs, executors or administrators, which we refer to collectively as an indemnitee, is liable for the acts,
receipts, neglects, or defaults of any other such person or any person involved in our formation, or for any loss or expense
incurred by us through the insufficiency or deficiency of title to any property acquired by us, or for the insufficiency or
deficiency of any security in or upon which any of our monies shall be invested, or for any loss or damage arising from the
bankruptcy, insolvency, or tortious act of any person with whom any monies, securities, or effects shall be deposited, or for any
loss occasioned by any error of judgment, omission, default, or oversight on his part, or for any other loss, damage or
misfortune whatever which shall happen in relation to the execution of his duties, or supposed duties, to us or otherwise in
relation thereto. Each indemnitee will be indemnified and held harmless out of our funds to the fullest extent permitted by
Bermuda law against all liabilities, loss, damage or expense (including but not limited to liabilities under contract, tort and
statute or any applicable foreign law or regulation and all reasonable legal and other costs and expenses properly payable)
incurred or suffered by him as such director, alternate director, officer, person or committee member or resident representative
(or in his reasonable belief that he is acting as any of the above). In addition, each indemnitee shall be indemnified against all
liabilities incurred in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in such indemnitee's
favor, or in which he is acquitted. We are authorized to purchase insurance to cover any liability he may incur under the
indemnification provisions of our Bye-laws.
C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS
As of March 24, 2022, we have not entered into any new material contracts in the last two years, other than those entered in the
ordinary course of business or already attached in the exhibits.
We also refer you to “Item 4. Information on the Company -A. History and Development of the Company,” “Item 5. Operating
and Financial Review and Prospects -B. Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party
Transactions -B. Related Party Transactions” for a discussion of existing material agreements.
D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS
The Bermuda Monetary Authority, or the BMA, must give permission for all issuances and transfers of securities of a Bermuda
exempted company like us. We have received a general permission from the BMA to issue any unissued common shares, and
for the free transferability of the common shares as long as our common shares are listed on the NYSE. Our common shares
may therefore be freely transferred among persons who are non-residents of Bermuda.
Although we are incorporated in Bermuda, we are classified as non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes by the
BMA. Other than transferring Bermuda Dollars out of Bermuda, there are no restrictions on our ability to transfer funds into
and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to U.S. residents who are holders of our common shares or other non-resident holders
of our common shares in currency other than Bermuda Dollars.
E. TAXATION
U.S. Taxation
The following discussion is based upon the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code,
existing and proposed U.S. Treasury Department regulations, or the Treasury Regulations, administrative rulings and
pronouncements and judicial decisions, all as of the date of this annual report. Unless otherwise noted, references to the
"Company" include the Company's Subsidiaries. This discussion assumes that we do not have an office or other fixed place of
business in the United States.
Taxation of the Company's Shipping Income: In General
The Company anticipates that it will derive a significant portion of its gross income from the use and operation of vessels in
international commerce and that this income will principally consist of freights from the transportation of cargoes, hire or lease
from time or voyage charters and the performance of services directly related thereto, which the Company refers to as "shipping
income".
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Shipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United
States will be considered to be 50% derived from sources within the United States. Shipping income attributable to
transportation that both begins and ends in the United States will be considered to be 100% derived from sources within the
United States. The Company is not permitted by law to engage in transportation that gives rise to 100% U.S. source income.
Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. ports will be considered to be 100% derived from
sources outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States will not be subject to U.S.
federal income tax.
Based upon the Company's anticipated shipping operations, the Company's vessels will operate in various parts of the world,
including to or from U.S. ports. Unless exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Section 883 of the Code, the Company
will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, in the manner discussed below, to the extent its shipping income is considered
derived from sources within the United States.
Application of Section 883 of the Code
Under the relevant provisions of Section 883 of the Code, or Section 883, the Company will be exempt from U.S. federal
income taxation on its U.S. source shipping income if:
(i)
It is organized in a "qualified foreign country," which is one that grants an equivalent exemption from tax to corporations
organized in the United States in respect of the shipping income for which exemption is being claimed under Section 883,
and which the Company refers to as the Country of Organization Requirement; and
(ii) It can satisfy any one of the following two stock ownership requirements for more than half the days during the taxable
year:
•
the Company's stock is "primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market" located in the United
States or a "qualified foreign country," which the Company refers to as the Publicly-Traded Test; or
• more than 50% of the Company's stock, in terms of value, is beneficially owned by any combination of one or more
individuals who are residents of a "qualified foreign country" or foreign corporations that satisfy the Country of
Organization Requirement and the Publicly-Traded Test, which the Company refers to as the 50% Ownership Test.
The U.S. Treasury Department has recognized Bermuda, the country of incorporation of the Company and certain of its
subsidiaries, as a "qualified foreign country". In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department has recognized Liberia, the Marshall
Islands, Malta and Cyprus, the countries of incorporation of certain of the Company's vessel-owning subsidiaries, as "qualified
foreign countries". Accordingly, the Company and its vessel-owning subsidiaries satisfy the Country of Organization
Requirement.
Therefore, the Company's eligibility to qualify for exemption under Section 883 is wholly dependent upon being able to satisfy
one of the stock ownership requirements.
As discussed below, for the 2021 taxable year we believe the Company satisfied the Publicly-Traded Test, since on more than
half the days in the taxable year we believe the Company's common shares were primarily and regularly traded on the NYSE,
an established securities market in the United States.
As to the Publicly-Traded Test, the Treasury Regulations under Section 883 provide, in pertinent part, that stock of a foreign
corporation will be considered to be "primarily traded" on an established securities market in a country if the number of shares
of each class of stock that is traded during any taxable year on all established securities markets in that country exceeds the
number of shares in each such class that is traded during that year on established securities markets in any other single country.
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The Publicly-Traded Test also requires our common shares be "regularly traded" on an established securities market. Under the
Treasury Regulations, our common shares are considered to be "regularly traded" on an established securities market if shares
representing more than 50% of our outstanding common shares, by both total combined voting power of all classes of stock
entitled to vote and total value, are listed on the market, referred to as the "listing threshold". The Treasury Regulations further
require that with respect to each class of stock relied upon to meet the listing threshold (i) such class of stock is traded on the
market, other than in minimal quantities, on at least 60 days during the taxable year or 1/6 of the days in a short taxable year,
which is referred to as the "trading frequency test", and (ii) the aggregate number of shares of such class of stock traded on such
market during the taxable year is at least 10% of the average number of shares of such class of stock outstanding during such
year (as appropriately adjusted in the case of a short taxable year), which is referred to as the "trading volume test". Even if we
do not satisfy both the trading frequency and trading volume tests, the Treasury Regulations provide that the trading frequency
and trading volume tests will be deemed satisfied if our common shares are traded on an established securities market in the
United States and such stock is regularly quoted by dealers making a market in our common shares, such as the NYSE on
which our common shares are listed.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, our common shares will not be considered to be regularly traded on an established securities
market for any taxable year in which 50% or more of the vote and value of the outstanding common shares are owned, actually
or constructively under certain stock attribution rules, on more than half the days during the taxable year by persons who each
own 5% or more of the value of our common shares, which we refer to as the 5 Percent Override Rule.
In order to determine the persons who actually or constructively own 5% or more of our common shares, or 5% Shareholders,
we are permitted to rely on those persons that are identified on Schedule 13G and Schedule 13D filings with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission as having a 5% or more beneficial interest in our common shares. In addition, an investment
company identified on a Schedule 13G or Schedule 13D filing which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended, will not be treated as a 5% Shareholder for such purposes.
For our 2021 taxable year, we do not believe that we were subject to the 5 Percent Override Rule and, therefore, we believe that
we satisfied the Publicly-Traded Test. There are, however, factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause the
Company to lose the benefit of the Section 883 exemption and thereby become subject to U.S. federal income tax on its U.S.
source shipping income. For example, Hemen owned as much as approximately 18.6% of our outstanding common shares
during the 2021 year. There is, therefore, a risk that the Company could no longer qualify for exemption under Section 883 for
a particular taxable year if other 5% Shareholders were, in combination with Hemen, to own 50% or more of the outstanding
common shares of the Company on more than half the days during the taxable year. Due to the factual nature of the issues
involved, there can be no assurances as to the tax-exempt status of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
In the event the 5 Percent Override Rule is triggered, the 5 Percent Override Rule will nevertheless not apply if we can establish
that among the closely-held group of 5% Shareholders, there are sufficient 5% Shareholders that are considered to be "qualified
shareholders" for purposes of Section 883 to preclude non-qualified 5% Shareholders in the closely-held group from owning
50% or more of our common shares for more than half the number of days during the taxable year.
In any year that the 5 Percent Override Rule is triggered with respect to us, we are eligible for the exemption from tax under
Section 883 only if we can nevertheless satisfy the Publicly-Traded Test (which requires, among other things, showing that the
exception to the 5 Percent Override Rule applies) or if we can satisfy the 50% Ownership Test. In either case, certain
substantiation and reporting requirements regarding the identity of our shareholders must be satisfied in order to qualify for the
Section 883 exemption. These requirements are onerous and there is no assurance that we would be able to satisfy them.
Taxation in Absence of the Section 883 Exemption
To the extent the benefits of Section 883 are unavailable with respect to any item of U.S. source income, the Company's U.S.
source shipping income, to the extent not considered to be "effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business,
as described below, would be subject to a 4% tax imposed by Section 887 of the Code on a gross basis, without the benefit of
deductions, which we refer to as the "4% gross basis tax regime". Since, under the sourcing rules described above, no more than
50% of the Company's shipping income would be treated as being derived from U.S. sources, the maximum effective rate of
U.S. federal income tax on the Company's shipping income, to the extent not considered to be "effectively connected" with the
conduct of a U.S. trade or business, would never exceed 2% under the 4% gross basis tax regime.
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To the extent the benefits of the Section 883 exemption are unavailable and our U.S. source shipping income is considered to be
"effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, as described below, any such "effectively connected" U.S.
source shipping income, net of applicable deductions, would be subject to the U.S. federal corporate income tax imposed at rate
of 21%. In addition, we may be subject to the 30% "branch profits" tax on earnings "effectively connected" with the conduct of
such U.S. trade or business, as determined after allowance for certain adjustments, and on certain interest paid or deemed paid
attributable to the conduct of such U.S. trade or business.
Our U.S. source shipping income would be considered "effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business only
if:
•
•
we had, or were considered to have, a fixed place of business in the United States involved in the earning of U.S.
source shipping income; and
substantially all of our U.S. source shipping income were attributable to regularly scheduled transportation, such as
the operation of a vessel that followed a published schedule with repeated sailings at regular intervals between the
same points for voyages that begin or end in the United States, or, in the case of income from the chartering of a
vessel, were attributable to a fixed place of business in the United States.
We do not have, nor will we permit circumstances that would result in having, any vessel sailing to or from the United States on
a regularly scheduled basis. Based on the foregoing and on the expected mode of our shipping operations and other activities,
we believe that none of our U.S. source shipping income is or will be "effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. trade
or business.
Gain on Sale of Vessels
Regardless of whether we qualify for exemption under Section 883, we will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation with
respect to gain realized on a sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under U.S.
federal income tax principles. In general, a sale of a vessel will be considered to occur outside of the United States for this
purpose if title to the vessel, and risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside of the United States. It is
expected that any sale of a vessel by us will be considered to occur outside of the United States.
U.S. Taxation of Our Other Income
In addition to our shipping operations, we charter drilling rigs to third parties who conduct drilling operations in various parts of
the world. Since we are not engaged in a trade or business in the United States, we do not expect to be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on any of our income from such charters.
Taxation of U.S. Holders
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to an investment decision by a
U.S. Holder, as defined below, with respect to our common shares. This discussion does not purport to deal with the tax
consequences of owning our common shares to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules. You
are encouraged to consult your own tax advisors concerning the overall tax consequences arising in your own particular
situation under U.S. federal, state, local or foreign law of the ownership of our common shares.
As used herein, the term U.S. Holder means a beneficial owner of our common shares that (i) is a U.S. citizen or resident, a
U.S. corporation or other U.S. entity taxable as a corporation, an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if (a) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary jurisdiction over the
administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b)
the trust has in effect a valid election to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) owns our
common shares as a capital asset, generally, for investment purposes, and (iii) owns less than 10% of our common shares for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If a partnership holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and
upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common shares, you are encouraged to
consult your own tax advisor regarding this issue.
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Distributions
Subject to the discussion below of passive foreign investment companies, or PFICs, any distributions made by us with respect
to our common shares to a U.S. Holder will generally constitute dividends, which may be taxable as ordinary income or
"qualified dividend income" as described in more detail below, to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits,
as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will be treated first
as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder's tax basis in his common shares on a dollar-for-dollar basis
and thereafter as capital gain. Because we are not a U.S. corporation, U.S. Holders that are corporations will generally not be
entitled to claim a dividends-received deduction with respect to any distributions they receive from us.
Dividends paid on our common shares to a U.S. Holder who is an individual, trust or estate, which we refer to as a U.S.
Individual Holder, will generally be treated as "qualified dividend income" that is taxable to such U.S. Individual Holders at
preferential tax rates provided that (1) the common shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United
States (such as the NYSE, on which our common shares are listed); (2) we are not a PFIC for the taxable year during which the
dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year (see discussion below); and (3) the U.S. Individual Holder has
owned the common shares for more than 60 days in the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the
common shares become ex-dividend.
There is no assurance that any dividends paid on our common shares will be eligible for these preferential rates in the hands of
a U.S. Individual Holder. Any dividends paid by the Company which are not eligible for these preferential rates will be taxed as
ordinary income to a U.S. Individual Holder.
Sale, Exchange or other Disposition of Common Shares
Assuming we do not constitute a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize taxable gain or loss upon a
sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized by
the U.S. Holder from such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. Holder's tax basis in such common shares. Such gain
or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder's holding period in the common shares is greater than
one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other disposition. Otherwise, it will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. A
U.S. Holder's ability to deduct capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax Consequences
Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to a U.S. Holder that holds stock in a foreign corporation classified as a PFIC for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, we will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year
in which such holder held our common shares, either at least 75% of our gross income for such taxable year consists of "passive
income" (e.g., dividends, interest, capital gains and rents derived other than in the active conduct of a rental business), or at
least 50% of the average value of the assets held by the corporation during such taxable year produce, or are held for the
production of, "passive income".
For purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as earning and owning our proportionate share of the
income and assets, respectively, of any of our subsidiary corporations in which we own at least 25% of the value of the
subsidiary's stock. Income earned, or deemed earned, by us in connection with the performance of services would not constitute
passive income. By contrast, rental income would generally constitute "passive income" unless we were treated under specific
rules as deriving our rental income in the active conduct of a trade or business.
Although there is no legal authority directly on point, we believe that, for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, the
gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from the time chartering activities of our wholly-owned subsidiaries more
likely than not constitutes services income, rather than rental income. Correspondingly, we believe that such income does not
constitute "passive income", and the assets that we or our wholly-owned subsidiaries own and operate in connection with the
production of such income, in particular, the vessels, do not constitute passive assets for purposes of determining whether we
are a PFIC. We believe there is substantial legal authority supporting our position consisting of case law and Internal Revenue
Service, or IRS, pronouncements concerning the characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as
services income for other tax purposes. This position is principally based upon the positions that (1) our time charter income
will constitute services income, rather than rental income, and (2) Frontline Management and Golden Ocean Management,
which provide services to certain of our time-chartered vessels, will be respected as separate entities from Frontline Shipping
and the Golden Ocean Charterer, with which they are respectively affiliated.
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We intend to take the position that we were not treated as a PFIC for our 2021 taxable year. For the 2022 taxable year and
future taxable years, depending upon the relative amount of income we derive from our various assets as well as their relative
fair market values, it is possible that we may be treated as a PFIC.
We note that there is no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our current and proposed method of operation. In
addition, although we intend to conduct our affairs in a manner to avoid being classified as a PFIC with respect to any taxable
year, we cannot assure you that the nature of our operations will not change in the future. Accordingly, no assurance can be
given that the IRS or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a significant risk that the IRS or a court of law could
determine that we are a PFIC.
As discussed more fully below, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to
different taxation rules depending on whether the U.S. Holder makes an election to treat us as a "Qualified Electing Fund",
which election we refer to as a QEF Election. As an alternative to making a QEF election, a U.S. Holder should be able to make
a "mark-to-market" election with respect to our common shares, as discussed below, and which election we refer to as a Mark-
to-Market Election. In any event, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year ending on or after December 31, 2013,
a U.S. Holder would be required to file an annual report with the Internal Revenue Service for that year with respect to their
holding in our common shares.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Timely QEF Election
If we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and a U.S. Holder makes a timely QEF Election, which U.S. Holder we
refer to as an Electing Holder, the Electing Holder must report each year for U.S. federal income tax purposes its pro rata share
of our ordinary earnings and our net capital gain, if any, for our taxable year that ends with or within the taxable year of the
Electing Holder, regardless of whether or not distributions were received from us by the Electing Holder. The Electing Holder's
adjusted tax basis in the common shares will be increased to reflect taxed but undistributed earnings and profits. Distributions
of earnings and profits that had been previously taxed will result in a corresponding reduction in the adjusted tax basis in the
common shares and will not be taxed again once distributed. A U.S. Holder would make a QEF Election with respect to any
taxable year that we are a PFIC by filing one copy of IRS Form 8621 with its U.S. federal income tax return. To make a QEF
Election, a U.S. Holder must receive annually certain tax information from us. There can be no assurances that we will be able
to provide such information annually. An Electing Holder would generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, exchange
or other disposition of our common shares.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Making a Mark-to-Market Election
Alternatively, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and, as we anticipate, our common shares are treated as
"marketable stock", a U.S. Holder would be permitted to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to our common shares,
provided the U.S. Holder completes and files IRS Form 8621 in accordance with the relevant instructions and related Treasury
Regulations. If that election is made, the U.S. Holder generally would include as ordinary income in each taxable year the
excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common shares at the end of the taxable year over such holder's adjusted tax basis
in the common shares. The U.S. Holder would also be permitted an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the U.S.
Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares over its fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent
of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the Mark-to-Market Election. A U.S. Holder's tax basis in its
common shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amount. Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other
disposition of our common shares would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized on the sale, exchange or other
disposition of the common shares would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-
market gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder.
Taxation of U.S. Holders Not Making a Timely QEF or Mark-to-Market Election
Finally, if we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder who does not make either a QEF Election or a
Mark-to-Market Election for that year, whom we refer to as a Non-Electing Holder, would be subject to special rules with
respect to (1) any excess distribution (i.e., the portion of any distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder on our common
shares in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received by the Non-Electing Holder in the three
preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the Non-Electing Holder's holding period for the common shares), and (2) any gain
realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares. Under these special rules:
•
the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over the Non-Electing Holders' aggregate holding period
for the common shares;
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•
•
the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years before the Company became a PFIC would be
taxed as ordinary income; and
the amount allocated to each of the other taxable years would be subject to tax at the highest rate of tax in effect for
the applicable class of taxpayer for that year, and an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be
imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each such other taxable year.
These penalties would not apply to a pension or profit sharing trust or other tax-exempt organization that did not borrow funds
or otherwise utilize leverage in connection with its acquisition of our common shares. If we were a PFIC, and a Non-Electing
Holder who is an individual died while owning our common shares, such holder's successor generally would not receive a step-
up in tax basis with respect to such common shares.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
A beneficial owner of common shares (other than a partnership) that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to herein as a Non-U.S.
Holder.
Dividends on Common Shares
Non-U.S. Holders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on dividends received from us with
respect to our common shares, unless that dividend is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or
business in the United States. If the Non-U.S. Holder is entitled to the benefits of a U.S. income tax treaty with respect to those
dividends, that income is taxable, or taxable at the full rate, only if it is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by
the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Common Shares
Non-U.S. Holders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized upon the sale,
exchange or other disposition of our common shares, unless:
•
•
the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and,
if the Non-U.S. Holder is entitled to the benefits of an income tax treaty with respect to that gain, that gain is
attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States); or
the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable
year of disposition and other conditions are met.
If the Non-U.S. Holder is engaged in a U.S. trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the income from the
common shares, including dividends and the gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of the common shares, that is
effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business will generally be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax in
the same manner as discussed in the previous section relating to the taxation of U.S. Holders. In addition, if you are a corporate
Non-U.S. Holder, your earnings and profits that are attributable to the effectively connected income, subject to certain
adjustments, may be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, or at a lower rate as may be specified by an
applicable income tax treaty.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, dividend payments, or other taxable distributions, made within the United States to you will be subject to
information reporting requirements. Such payments will also be subject to "backup withholding" if you are a non-corporate
U.S. Holder and you:
•
•
•
fail to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number;
are notified by the IRS that you have failed to report all interest or dividends required to be shown on your U.S.
federal income tax returns; or
in certain circumstances, fail to comply with applicable certification requirements.
Non-U.S. Holders may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding by
certifying their status on an applicable IRS Form W-8.
114
If you are a Non-U.S. Holder and you sell your common shares to or through a U.S. office of a broker, the payment of the
proceeds is subject to both U.S. backup withholding and information reporting unless you certify that you are a non-U.S.
person, under penalties of perjury, or otherwise establish an exemption. If you sell your common shares through a non-U.S.
office of a non-U.S. broker and the sales proceeds are paid to you outside the United States, then information reporting and
backup withholding generally will not apply to that payment. However, U.S. information reporting, but not backup withholding,
will apply to a payment of sales proceeds, including a payment made to you outside the United States, if you sell your common
shares through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is a U.S. person or has some other contacts with the United States. Such
information reporting requirements will not apply, however, if the broker has documentary evidence that you are a non-U.S.
person and certain other conditions are met, or you otherwise establish an exemption.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, you generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under backup
withholding rules that exceed your income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the IRS.
Other U.S. Information Reporting Obligations
Individuals who are U.S. Holders (and to the extent specified in applicable Treasury regulations, certain individuals who are
Non-U.S. Holders and certain U.S. entities) who hold "specified foreign financial assets" (as defined in Section 6038D of the
Code) are required to file IRS Form 8938 with information relating to the asset for each taxable year in which the aggregate
value of all such assets exceeds $75,000 at any time during the taxable year or $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year (or
such higher dollar amount as prescribed by applicable Treasury regulations). Specified foreign financial assets would include,
among other assets, our common shares, unless the shares are held through an account maintained with a U.S. financial
institution. Substantial penalties apply to any failure to timely file IRS Form 8938, unless the failure is shown to be due to
reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. Additionally, in the event an individual U.S. Holder (and to the extent specified
in applicable Treasury regulations, an individual Non-U.S. Holder or a U.S. entity) that is required to file IRS Form 8938 does
not file such form, the statute of limitations on the assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes of such holder for the
related tax year may not close until three years after the date that the required information is filed. U.S. Holders (including U.S.
entities) and Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding their reporting obligations under this
legislation.
Bermuda Taxation
Under current Bermuda law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. We have received from the Minister of
Finance under The Exempted Undertaking Tax Protection Act 1966, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda
enacts legislation imposing tax computed on profits, income, any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of
estate duty or inheritance, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to us or to any of our operations or shares,
debentures or other obligations, until March 31, 2035. We could be subject to taxes in Bermuda after that date. This assurance
is subject to the proviso that it is not to be construed to prevent the application of any tax or duty to such persons as are
ordinarily resident in Bermuda or to prevent the application of any tax payable in accordance with the provisions of the Land
Tax Act 1967 or otherwise payable in relation to any property leased to us. We and our subsidiaries incorporated in Bermuda
pay annual government fees to the Bermuda government.
F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS
Not Applicable.
G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS
Not Applicable.
115
H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In
accordance with these requirements, we file reports and other information with the SEC. These materials, including this annual
report and the accompanying exhibits, are available at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, documents referred to in this annual
report may be inspected at our principal executive offices at Par-la-Ville Place, 14 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton, Bermuda HM
08. Our filings are also available on our website at www.sflcorp.com. The information on our website, however, is not, and
should not be deemed to be a part of this annual report.
I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION
Not Applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations. We use interest rate swaps to
manage interest rate risk and currency swaps to manage currency risks. We may enter into derivative instruments from time to
time for speculative purposes.
As of December 31, 2021, we had entered into currency rate swap contracts and combined currency and interest rate swaps with
a total notional principal of NOK600 million ($76.8 million), to hedge against fluctuations in interest and exchange rates on our
NOK600 million senior unsecured bonds due 2023. Under the currency rate swap contracts, variable NIBOR interest rates
including additional margins are swapped for variable LIBOR rates including additional margins. Under the combined currency
and interest rate swaps, variable NIBOR interest rates including additional margins are swapped for fixed interest rates at an
average of 6.74%. The eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange rate of NOK7.81 = $1. These contracts
expire in September 2023 and we estimate that we would pay $9.9 million to terminate them as of December 31, 2021 (2020:
$8.8 million). As of December 31, 2021, we had entered into additional combined currency and interest rate swap contracts
with a total notional principal of NOK100 million ($11.3 million) to hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates on the
NOK100 million tap issue to the NOK600 million. Under these contracts, variable NIBOR interest rates including additional
margins are swapped for a fixed interest rate of 6.38%. The eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange
rate of NOK8.89 = $1. These contracts expire in September 2023 and we estimate that we would pay $0.0 million to terminate
them as of December 31, 2021 (2020: receive $0.0 million).
Similarly, as of December 31, 2021, we had entered into currency rate contracts and combined currency and interest rate swap
contracts with a total notional principal of NOK700 million ($80.5 million), to hedge against fluctuations in interest and
exchange rates on our NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds due 2024. The net amount of debt outstanding as of
December 31, 2021 was NOK695 million (2020: NOK695 million). Under the currency rate swap contracts, variable NIBOR
interest rates including additional margins are swapped for variable LIBOR rates including additional margins. Under the
combined currency and interest rate swaps, variable NIBOR interest rates including additional margins are swapped for fixed
interest rates at an average of 6.87%. The eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange rate of NOK8.69 =
$1. These contracts expire in June 2024 and we estimate that we would pay $2.7 million to terminate them as of December 31,
2021 (2020: $2.2 million).
Similarly, as of December 31, 2021, we had entered into currency rate contracts with a total notional principal of NOK600
million ($67.5 million), to hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates on our NOK600 million senior unsecured bonds due
2025. The net amount of debt outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was NOK540 million (2020: NOK540 million). Under
these contracts, variable NIBOR interest rates including additional margins are swapped for variable LIBOR rates including
additional margins. The eventual settlement of the bonds will have an effective exchange rate of NOK8.88 = $1. These
contracts expire in January 2025 and we estimate that we would receive $1.0 million to terminate them as of December 31,
2021 (2020: $3.1 million).
As of December 31, 2021, we and our consolidated subsidiaries had entered into interest rate swap contracts with a combined
notional principal amount of $0.7 billion (2020: $0.9 billion) at fixed interest rates between 0.28% per annum and 3.09% per
annum. These interest rate swap agreements mature between January 2022 and August 2029, and we estimate that we would
pay $3.0 million to terminate them as of December 31, 2021 (2020: $23.0 million).
116
The overall effect of our swaps is to fix the interest rate on approximately $0.7 billion of our floating rate debt as of
December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.9 billion), at a weighted average interest rate of 2.68% per annum including margin (2020:
2.91%).
Several of our charter contracts contain interest adjustment clauses, whereby the charter rate is adjusted to reflect the actual
interest rate on the outstanding loan, effectively transferring interest rate exposure to the counterparty under the charter contract.
As of December 31, 2021, a total of $0.1 billion of our floating rate debt was subject to such interest adjustment clauses. None
of this was subject to interest rate swaps entered into for the benefit of the charterer. The balance of $0.1 billion remained on a
floating rate basis. Comparably as of December 31, 2020, a total of $0.5 billion of our floating rate debt was subject to such
interest adjustment clauses, including our equity accounted subsidiaries. None of this was subject to interest rate swaps entered
into for the benefit of the charterer, with the balance of $0.5 billion remaining on a floating rate basis.
As of December 31, 2021, our net exposure, including equity-accounted subsidiaries, to interest rate fluctuations on our
outstanding debt was $607.1 million, compared with $54.9 million as of December 31, 2020. Our net exposure to interest
fluctuations is based on our total of $1.5 billion floating rate debt outstanding as of December 31, 2021, less the $0.7 billion
notional principle of our interest rate swaps and the $0.1 billion remaining floating rate debt subject to interest adjustment
clauses under charter contracts. A one per-cent change in interest rates would thus increase or decrease net exposure by
approximately $6.1 million per year as of December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.5 million per year).
As of March 24, 2022, we were not party to any other interest rate or currency derivative contracts.
We may in the future enter into short-term Total Return Swap ("TRS") arrangements relating to our own shares and bonds or
securities in other companies.
Apart from our NOK700 million due 2023, NOK700 million due 2024 and NOK600 million due 2025 floating rate bonds,
which have been hedged, the majority of our transactions, assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars, our functional
currency.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
117
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
PART II
Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries have been subject to a material default in the payment of principal, interest, a sinking
fund or purchase fund installment or any other material default that was not cured within 30 days. In addition, the payments of
our dividends are not, and have not been in arrears or have not been subject to material delinquency that was not cured within
30 days.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, management assessed the effectiveness of the design and
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2021. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal
Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the
evaluation date.
b) Management's annual report on internal controls over financial reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in
Rules 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.
Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a
process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our
board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•
•
•
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of our assets;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of Company's management and directors; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of
our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management conducted the evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting using the control
criteria framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission published in its report
entitled Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).
Our management with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer assessed the
effectiveness of the design and operation of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the
Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2021. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial
Officer concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2021.
118
c) Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm
MSPC, Certified Public Accountants and Advisors, a Professional Corporation, our independent registered public accounting
firm, has issued their attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2021. Such report appears on page F-2.
d) Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual
report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our Board of Directors has determined that our Audit Committee has one Audit Committee Financial Expert. James
O'Shaughnessy is an independent Director and is the Audit Committee Financial Expert, as such terms are defined under SEC
rules.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all entities controlled by us and our employees, directors, officers and our
agents. We have posted our code of ethics on our website at www.sflcorp.com. The information on our website is not
incorporated by reference into this annual report. We will provide any person, free of charge, with a copy of our code of ethics
upon written request to our registered office. Any waivers that are granted from any provision of our Code of Ethics may be
disclosed on our website within five business days following the date of such waiver.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our principal accountant for 2021 and 2020 was MSPC, Certified Public Accountants and Advisors, A Professional
Corporation (“MSPC”) (PCAOB Firm ID number is 717). The following table sets forth the fees related to audit and other
services provided by MSPC.
Audit Fees (a)
Audit-Related Fees (b)
Tax Fees (c)
All Other Fees (d)
Total
(a) Audit Fees
2021
560,000 $
129,000 $
—
11,160 $
2020
560,000
129,000
—
3,340
700,160 $
692,340
$
$
$
$
Audit fees represent professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and services provided
by the principal accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
(b) Audit -Related Fees
Audit-related fees consisted of assurance and related services rendered by the principal accountant related to the
performance of the audit or review of our financial statements which have not been reported under Audit Fees above.
(c) Tax Fees
Tax fees represent fees for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice and
tax planning.
(d) All Other Fees
All other fees include services other than audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees set forth above.
119
(e) Audit Committee's Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our Board of Directors has adopted pre-approval policies and procedures in compliance with paragraph (c)(7)(i) of Rule
2-01 of Regulation S-X, that require the Board of Directors to approve the appointment of our independent auditor before
such auditor is engaged and approve each of the audit and non-audit related services to be provided by such auditor under
such engagement by us. All services provided by the principal auditor in 2021 and 2020 were approved by the Board of
Directors pursuant to the pre-approval policy.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
No shares have been repurchased by us or any “affiliated purchaser,” as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the
Exchange Act, since January 2006.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
Not applicable.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Pursuant to an exception under the NYSE listing standards available to foreign private issuers, we are not required to comply
with all of the corporate governance practices followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards. The significant
differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards applicable to listed U.S. companies are set
forth below.
Executive Sessions. The NYSE requires that non-management directors meet regularly in executive sessions without
management. The NYSE also requires that all independent directors meet in an executive session at least once a year. As
permitted under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, our non-management directors have not regularly held executive sessions
without management, and we do not expect them to do so in the future.
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. The NYSE requires that a listed U.S. company have a nominating/corporate
governance committee of independent directors and a committee charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation
procedures of the committee. As permitted under Bermuda law and our Bye-laws, we do not currently have a nominating or
corporate governance committee.
Audit Committee. The NYSE requires, among other things, that a listed U.S. company have an audit committee with a
minimum of three members. As permitted by Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, our audit committee consists of one
independent member of our Board of Directors.
Corporate Governance Guidelines. The NYSE requires U.S. companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines.
The guidelines must address, among other things: director qualification standards, director responsibilities, director access to
management and independent advisers, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, management
succession and an annual performance evaluation. We are not required to adopt such guidelines under Bermuda law and we
have not adopted such guidelines.
Independence of Directors. The NYSE requires that a U.S. listed company maintain a majority of independent directors. As a
Foreign Private Issuer, we are exempt from this rule and may comply with it voluntarily. Our Board of Directors currently
consists of five directors, three of which are considered "independent" according to NYSE's standards for independence.
However, as permitted under Bermuda law, our Board of Directors may in the future not consist of a majority of independent
directors.
120
Compensation Committee. The NYSE requires that a listed U.S. company have a compensation committee of independent
directors. As a Foreign Private Issuer we are exempt from this rule and may comply with it voluntarily. As permitted under
Bermuda law, our Compensation Committee may not consist entirely of independent directors.
Solicitation of Proxies. The NYSE requires that a U.S. company solicit proxies and provide proxy statements for all
shareholder meetings. Such company must also provide copies of its proxy solicitation to the NYSE. As permitted under
Bermuda law and our bye-laws we do not currently solicit proxies or provide proxy materials to the NYSE. Our bye-laws also
require that we notify our shareholders of meetings no less than five (5) days before the meeting.
Quorum. The NYSE “gives careful consideration” to provisions that fix a quorum for stockholders’ meetings that is less than a
majority of outstanding shares, but in general the NYSE has not objected to reasonably lesser quorum requirements in cases
where the companies have agreed to make general proxy solicitations for future meetings of shareholders. The Company
follows applicable Bermuda laws with respect to quorum requirements. The Company’s quorum requirement is set forth in its
bye-laws, which provide that a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of shareholders is two or more
shareholders either present in person or represented by proxy. If we only have one shareholder, then one shareholder present in
person or proxy shall constitute the necessary quorum.
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
121
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial statements listed below and set forth on pages F-1 through F-67 are filed as part of this annual report:
Financial Statements: SFL Corporation Ltd.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020
and 2019
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-2
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-9
F-12
122
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
Number
1.1*
Description of Exhibit
Memorandum of Association of Ship Finance International Limited (the "Company"), incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Registration Statement, SEC File No. 333-115705, filed on
May 21, 2004 (the "Original Registration Statement").
1.2*
1.3*
1.4*
2.1*
2.2*
4.1*
4.2*
4.3*
4.4*
4.5*
4.6*
4.7*
4.8*
4.9*
4.13*
4.14*
4.18*
4.19*
4.20*
4.23*
Amended and Restated Bye-laws of the Company, as adopted on September 28, 2007, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 1 of the Company's 6-K filed on October 22, 2007.
Amended and Restated Bye-laws of the Company, as adopted on September 20, 2013, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 1.3 of the Company's 2014 Annual Report filed on Form 20-F on April 9, 2015.
Amended and Restated Bye-laws of the Company, as adopted on September 23, 2016, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 1 of the Company's Form 6-K filed on September 29, 2016.
Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the
Company's Original Registration Statement.
Description of Securities of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Company's
2019 Annual Report filed on Form 20-F on March 27, 2020.
Form of Performance Guarantee dated January 1, 2004, issued by Frontline Ltd, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Original Registration Statement.
Amendment No. 4 to Performance Guarantee dated January 1, 2004, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.3 of the Company's 2009 Annual Report as filed on Form 20-F on April 1, 2010.
Form of Time Charter, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company's Original Registration
Statement.
Form of Vessel Management Agreements, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company's
Original Registration Statement.
Form of Charter Ancillary Agreement dated January 1, 2004, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of
the Company's Original Registration Statement.
Addendum No. 6 to Charter Ancillary Agreement dated January 1, 2004, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.8 of the Company's 2009 Annual Report as filed on Form 20-F on April 1, 2010.
Amendments dated August 21, 2007, to the Charter Ancillary Agreements, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.8 of the Company's 2007 Annual Report as filed on Form 20-F on March 17, 2008.
New Administrative Services Agreement dated November 29, 2007, incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.10 of the Company's 2007 Annual Report as filed on Form 20-F on March 17, 2008.
Share Option Scheme, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Company's 2006 Annual Report as
filed on Form 20-F on July 2, 2007.
Addendum No. 7 to Charter Ancillary Agreement dated January 1, 2004, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.13 of the Company's 2011 Annual Report filed on Form 20-F on April 27, 2012.
Addendum No. 3 to Charter Ancillary Agreement dated June 20, 2005, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.14 of the Company's 2011 Annual Report filed on Form 20-F on April 27, 2012.
Amended and Restated Charter Ancillary Agreement among the Company, the vessel owning subsidiaries
of the Company, Frontline Ltd. and Frontline Shipping Limited, dated June 5, 2015 incorporated by
reference to the Company's 2015 Annual Report filed on Form 20-F on April 1, 2016.
Base Indenture relating to Ship Finance International Senior Unsecured Callable Convertible Bond Issue
2016/2021 dated October 5, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company’s report on
Form 6-K filed on October 7, 2016.
First Supplemental Indenture to Ship Finance International Senior Unsecured Callable Convertible Bond
Issue 2016/2021 dated October 5, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Company’s
report on Form 6-K filed on October 7, 2016.
Second Supplemental Indenture by and among Ship Finance International Ltd. And U.S. Bank National
Association, as Trustee, dated April 23, 2018 to Indenture dated October 5, 2016 for 4.875% Convertible
Senior Notes due 2023, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company’s report on Form 6-K
filed on April 24, 2018
123
4.24
8.1
12.1
12.2
13.1
13.2
15.1
Bond Agreement dated 7 May 2021, relating to SFL Corporation Ltd. 7.25% USD 200,000,000 senior
unsecured sustainability-linked bonds 2021/2026.
Significant Subsidiaries of the Company.
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
* Incorporated herein by reference.
101.INS
101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
XBRL Instance Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Calculation Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Definition Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Label Linkbase Document
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Presentation Linkbase Document
124
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and
authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
SIGNATURES
Date: March 24, 2022
SFL Corporation Ltd.
(Registrant)
By:
/s/ Aksel C. Olesen
Aksel C. Olesen
Principal Financial Officer
125
SFL Corporation Ltd.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020
and 2019
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-2
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-9
F-12
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
SFL Corporation Ltd.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SFL Corporation Ltd and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as
of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related
notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework (2013) issued by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included
in the accompanying Management’s annual report on internal controls over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States) “PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement
of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements. Our audits also included, evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over
financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a
material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the
assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
F-2
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial
statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or
disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or
complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated
financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Evaluation of potential impairment indicators for long-lived assets
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company reviews long-lived assets, primarily comprised of
vessel assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may
no longer be recoverable (triggering events). Recoverability of vessel assets are measured by a comparison of the carrying
amount of the vessel assets to future net cash flows expected to be generated by these assets, including their eventual disposal.
If such vessel assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the
carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the vessel assets.
We identified the evaluation of potential impairment indicators for vessel assets to be a critical audit matter. Evaluating the
Company’s judgments in determining whether a triggering event exists required a high degree of subjective auditor judgment
and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve valuation specialists.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal
controls over the Company’s process to identify and assess triggering events that may indicate that the carrying amount of a
vessel asset may no longer be recoverable. These included controls related to the consideration of estimated cash flows to
actual operating results and market conditions in the determination of a triggering event. We evaluated the Company’s key
assumptions used in estimating future cash flows from its vessel assets. We compared data used by the Company to develop its
assumptions to external data sources, noting that such factors included both internal and external factors to analyst and industry
reports. We evaluated responses as to factors considered and evaluated whether the Company omitted any significant internal or
external factors in their evaluation. We evaluated the credentials, expertise and reports of independent valuation experts
retained by the Company to estimate the charter-free value of vessel assets. We evaluated the Company’s data and assumptions
to ensure consistency with audit evidence obtained.
/s/ MSPC
Certified Public Accountants and Advisors,
A Professional Corporation
New York, New York
March 24, 2022
F-3
SFL Corporation Ltd.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands of $, except per share amounts)
2021
2020
2019
Operating revenues
Interest income related parties – direct financing leases
Interest income other – sales-type, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Service revenue related parties – direct financing leases
Profit sharing revenues – related parties
Profit sharing income – other
Time charter revenues – related parties
Time charter revenues – other
Bareboat charter revenues – related parties
Bareboat charter revenues – other
Voyage charter revenues – other
Other operating income
Total operating revenues
Gain on sale of assets, net
Operating expenses
Vessel operating expenses – related parties
Vessel operating expenses – other
Depreciation
Vessel impairment charge
Administrative expenses – related parties
Administrative expenses – other
Total operating expenses
Net operating income/(loss)
Non-operating income / (expense)
Interest income – related parties, long term loans to associated companies
Interest income – related parties, other
Interest income – other
Interest expense – other
Gain/(loss) on investments in debt and equity securities
(Loss)/gain on purchase of bonds and debt extinguishment
Gain on settlement of related party loan notes
Dividend income – related parties
Gain on sale of subsidiaries, non-operating
Other financial items, net
Net income/(loss) before equity in earnings of associated companies
Equity in earnings of associated companies
Net income/(loss)
Per share information:
Basic earnings/(loss) per share
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, diluted
Cash dividend per share declared and paid
1,500
18,024
6,570
10,103
10,601
50,463
1,744
69,472
6,903
18,677
3,892
51,954
319,282
268,635
28,898
1,798
61,804
4,353
513,396
39,405
28,623
128,109
138,330
1,927
740
12,234
309,963
242,838
6,921
443
86
—
7,863
37,287
4,620
471,047
2,250
30,276
125,367
111,279
333,149
1,178
10,222
611,471
(138,174)
11,925
599
876
3,796
56,524
9,855
5,615
—
51,132
288,019
—
23,490
17,617
2,801
458,849
—
33,092
101,342
116,381
60,054
1,484
8,719
321,072
137,777
14,128
1,642
4,294
(97,090)
(135,442)
(145,058)
995
(727)
—
—
—
6,683
160,149
4,194
164,343
(22,453)
67,533
4,446
6,030
1,894
(25,945)
(228,711)
4,286
(224,425)
$
$
$
1.35 $
(2.06) $
122,141
108,972
1.30 $
(2.06) $
139,383
108,972
0.63 $
1.00 $
67,701
1,802
—
2,590
—
(12,753)
72,123
17,054
89,177
0.83
107,614
0.83
107,696
1.40
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
SFL Corporation Ltd.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands of $)
Comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
Net income/(loss)
2021
2020
2019
164,343
(224,425)
89,177
Fair value adjustments to hedging financial instruments
10,408
(7,695)
(12,748)
Earnings reclassification of previously deferred fair value adjustments to
hedging financial instruments
Fair value adjustments to available-for-sale securities
Earnings reclassification of previously deferred fair value adjustments to
investment securities classified as available-for-sale securities
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income/(loss)
—
(1,101)
817
(2)
10,122
174,465
1,059
(4,608)
4,888
55
(6,301)
(230,726)
—
(2,190)
2,181
(6)
(12,763)
76,414
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
SFL Corporation Ltd.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
as of December 31, 2021 and 2020
(in thousands of $)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Investment in debt and equity securities
Due from related parties
Trade accounts receivable
Other receivables
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and accrued income
Investment in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets, current portion
Total current assets
Vessels and equipment, net
Vessels under finance lease, net
Investment in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets, long-term portion
Investment in associated companies
Newbuildings and vessel purchase deposits
Loans and long term receivables from related parties including associates
Financial instruments at fair value, long-term portion
Other long-term assets
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
Finance lease liability, current portion
Due to related parties
Trade accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Financial instruments at fair value, current portion
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt
Finance lease liability, long-term portion
Financial instruments at fair value, long-term portion
Other long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Stockholders' equity
Share capital ($0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 138,551,387 shares issued and
outstanding as of December 31, 2021). ($0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized;
127,810,064 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020).
Additional paid-in capital
Contributed surplus
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
2021
2020
145,622
8,338
21,210
8,557
11,134
15,444
10,124
6,403
23,484
250,316
215,445
8,953
28,805
7,718
6,666
22,024
8,808
2,597
55,420
356,436
2,230,583
1,240,698
656,072
181,282
16,635
57,093
45,000
3,184
19,132
697,380
622,123
27,297
—
123,910
3,406
21,961
3,459,297
3,093,211
302,769
51,204
1,295
1,770
19,794
738
22,746
484,956
48,887
2,724
1,247
21,060
1,572
16,085
400,316
576,531
1,586,445
472,996
17,209
4
1,164,113
524,200
32,712
4
2,476,970
2,297,560
1,386
621,037
461,818
(9,194)
(92,720)
982,327
1,278
531,382
539,370
(19,316)
(257,063)
795,651
3,459,297
3,093,211
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
SFL Corporation Ltd.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands of $)
Operating activities
Net income/(loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation
Amortization of deferred charges
Amortization of seller's credit
Amortization of deferred charter revenue
Vessel impairment charge
Long-term assets impairment charge
Adjustment of derivatives to fair value recognized in net income
(Gain)/loss on investments in debt and equity securities
Equity in earnings of associated companies
Gain on sale of assets
Gain on sale of subsidiaries
Repayments from investment in sales-type, direct financing and leaseback assets
Loss/(gain) on repurchase of bonds
Loss on early termination of swaps
Other, net
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade accounts receivable
Due to/ from related parties
Other receivables and other current assets
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and accrued income
Trade accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities
Additions to newbuildings and vessel purchase deposits
Additions to direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Purchase of vessels, capital improvements and other additions
Proceeds from sale of vessels
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net of cash disposed of
Net amounts received from associated companies
Proceeds from sale of equity securities
Other investments and long-term assets, net
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities
Financing activities
Repayments of lease obligation liability
Proceeds from issuance of short-term and long-term debt
Repayments of short-term and long-term debt
Repurchase and redemption of bonds
Discount received on debt repurchased
Debt fees paid
Payment for early settlements of interest rate swaps, net
Principal settlements of cross currency swaps, net
Proceeds from shares issued, net of issuance costs
Cash dividends paid
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
Net change in restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents at start of the year
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
F-7
2021
2020
2019
164,343
(224,425)
89,177
138,330
6,704
—
6,672
1,927
—
(11,591)
(995)
(4,194)
(39,405)
—
36,276
727
—
1,072
(4,073)
(4,317)
6,518
(1,315)
(3,806)
447
275
293,595
(61,351)
—
(520,271)
183,886
—
9,998
—
(1,312)
(389,050)
(48,887)
586,750
(301,451)
(215,098)
—
(8,025)
—
—
89,280
(77,552)
25,017
(70,438)
224,398
153,960
111,279
9,040
—
6,641
333,149
—
20,432
22,453
(4,286)
(2,250)
(1,894)
60,590
(67,533)
4,538
(6,559)
(2,352)
21,035
(2,628)
(873)
(962)
(2,198)
3,278
276,475
—
(65,030)
(55,016)
210,920
14,676
31,467
23,661
15,661
176,339
(68,599)
397,231
(624,588)
(66,570)
—
(4,752)
(4,539)
(11,706)
61,485
(109,394)
(431,432)
21,382
203,016
224,398
116,381
8,085
(103)
5,406
60,054
9,168
3,449
(67,701)
(17,054)
—
—
44,143
(1,802)
—
(4,620)
(1,608)
5,652
(7,088)
613
958
1,500
5,097
249,707
—
(211,065)
(39,326)
—
—
15,925
82,783
(18,198)
(169,881)
(63,663)
458,781
(208,538)
(80,749)
1,654
(4,261)
—
(41,769)
—
(150,659)
(89,204)
(9,378)
212,394
203,016
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest
2021
2020
2019
145,622
8,338
153,960
215,445
8,953
224,398
199,521
3,495
203,016
70,979
71,476
72,344
Details of non-cash investing and financing activities are provided in Note 23 - Share Capital, Additional Paid-In Capital And
Contributed Surplus.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
SFL Corporation Ltd.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(in thousands of $, except number of shares)
Number of shares outstanding
At beginning of year
Shares issued
At end of year
Share capital
At beginning of year
Shares issued
At end of year
Additional paid-in capital
At beginning of year
Payments in lieu of issuing shares
Amortization of stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation forfeitures
Shares issued- share option, dividend reinvestment and other schemes
Equity adjustments arising from reacquisition of convertible notes
At end of year
Contributed surplus
At beginning of year
Dividends declared
At end of year
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
At beginning of year
Fair value adjustments to hedging financial instruments
Earnings reclassification of previously deferred fair value adjustments to
hedging financial instruments
Fair value adjustments to available-for-sale securities
Earnings reclassification of previously deferred fair value adjustments to
available-for-sale securities
Reclassification of ineffective portion of designated hedging instruments upon
adoption of ASU 2017-12
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
At end of year (see breakdown below)
(Accumulated deficit)/retained earnings
At beginning of year
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13
Reclassification of ineffective portion of designated hedges and instruments
upon adoption of ASU 2017-12
Net income/(loss)
Dividends declared
At end of year
Total stockholders' equity
F-9
2021
2020
2019
127,810,064
119,391,310
119,373,064
10,741,323
8,418,754
18,246
138,551,387
127,810,064
119,391,310
1,278
108
1,386
1,194
84
1,278
1,194
—
1,194
531,382
469,426
468,844
(97)
981
—
89,269
(498)
—
966
(96)
61,400
(314)
—
896
(83)
—
(231)
621,037
531,382
469,426
539,370
(77,552)
461,818
(19,316)
10,408
—
(1,101)
648,764
(109,394)
539,370
(13,015)
(7,695)
1,059
(4,608)
680,703
(31,939)
648,764
(220)
(12,748)
—
(2,190)
817
4,888
2,181
—
(2)
—
55
(32)
(6)
(9,194)
(19,316)
(13,015)
(257,063)
—
29,511
—
—
(32,638)
—
—
32
164,343
(224,425)
89,177
—
(92,720)
982,327
—
(118,720)
(257,063)
—
795,651
1,106,369
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
2021
2020
2019
Fair value adjustments to hedging financial instruments relating to interest rate
swaps
Fair value adjustments to hedging financial instruments relating to cross
currency swaps
Fair value adjustments to hedging financial instruments relating to combined
cross currency interest rate swaps
Reclassification of unrealized losses upon adoption of ASU 2017-12
Fair value adjustments to available-for-sale securities
Other items
2,758
(5,564)
(1,514)
(7,280)
(7,162)
(7,289)
(4,942)
(7,146)
(4,433)
(32)
631
(329)
(32)
915
(327)
(32)
635
(382)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(9,194)
(19,316)
(13,015)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
SFL Corporation Ltd.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1.
GENERAL
SFL Corporation Ltd. ("SFL" or the "Company") is an international maritime and offshore asset owning and chartering
company, incorporated in October 2003 in Bermuda as a Bermuda exempted company. The Company's common shares are
listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SFL". The Company is primarily engaged in the ownership,
operation and chartering out of vessels and offshore related assets on medium and long-term charters.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned two very large crude oil carriers ("VLCCs"), three Suezmax crude oil carriers,
five Supramax dry bulk carriers, two Kamsarmax dry bulk carriers, eight Capesize dry bulk carriers, 35 container vessels
(including four chartered-in 19,200 and 19,400 twenty-foot equivalent units ("TEU") container vessels and seven 10,600 TEU
and 14,000 TEU container vessels financed through sale and leaseback), two car carriers, one jack-up drilling rig, one ultra-
deepwater drilling unit, two chemical tankers and four oil product tankers. In addition, the Company has one VLCC which is
accounted for as a leaseback asset. (See Note 17: Investments in Sales-Type Leases, Direct Financing Leases and Leaseback
Assets). The Company has also contracted to acquire four dual-fuel 7,000 Car Equivalent Unit ("CEU") newbuilding car
carriers, currently under construction. The vessels are expected to be delivered in 2023 and 2024. (See Note 14: Newbuildings
and Vessel Purchase Deposits).
As of December 31, 2021, the four chartered-in 19,200 and 19,400 TEU container vessels referred to above were included in an
entity accounted for using the equity method following the sale of 50.1% of the shares of its holding company in 2020. (See
Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
Since the Company's incorporation in 2003 and public listing in 2004, SFL has established itself as a leading international ship
and offshore asset owning and chartering company, expanding both its asset and customer base.
2.
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Accounting
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States ("US GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the assets and liabilities and results of operations of the
Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. Where
necessary, comparative figures for previous years have been reclassified to conform to changes in presentation in the current
year.
Consolidation of variable interest entities
A variable interest entity is defined in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 810 "Consolidation" ("ASC 810") as
a legal entity where either (a) the total equity at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without
additional subordinated support; (b) equity interest holders as a group lack either i) the power to direct the activities of the entity
that most significantly impact on its economic success, ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or iii) the
right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (c) the voting rights of some investors in the entity are not
proportional to their economic interests and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a
disproportionately small voting interest.
ASC 810 requires a variable interest entity to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, being the interest holder, if any, which
has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the entity which most significantly impact on the entity's economic
performance, and (2) the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses from the entity which could potentially be
significant to the entity.
The Company evaluates its subsidiaries, and any other entities in which it holds a variable interest, in order to determine
whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity, and where it is determined that the Company is the primary
beneficiary the Company fully consolidate the entity.
F-12
Use of accounting estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.
Revenue and expense recognition
The Company generates its revenues from the charter hire of its vessels and offshore related assets, and freight billings.
Revenues are generated from time charter hire, bareboat charter hire, direct financing lease interest income, sales-type lease
interest income, leaseback assets interest income, direct financing lease service revenues, profit sharing arrangements, voyage
charters and other freight billings.
In a time charter voyage, the vessel is hired by the charterer for a specified period of time in exchange for consideration which
is based on a daily hire rate. Generally, the charterer has the discretion over the ports visited, shipping routes and vessel speed.
The contract/charter party generally provides typical warranties regarding the speed and performance of the vessel. The charter
party generally has some owner protective restrictions such that the vessel is sent only to safe ports by the charterer and carries
only lawful or non-hazardous cargo. In a time charter contract, we are responsible for all the costs incurred for running the
vessel such as crew costs, vessel insurance, repairs and maintenance, lubrication oil and other costs relevant to operate the
vessel. The charterer bears the voyage related costs such as bunker expenses, port charges, and canal tolls during the hire
period. The performance obligations in a time charter contract are satisfied over the term of the contract beginning when the
vessel is delivered to the charterer until it is redelivered back to us. The charterer generally pays the charter hire in advance of
the upcoming contract period. The time charter contracts are either operating or direct financing or sales type leases. Where
time charters and bareboat charters are considered operating leases, revenues are recorded over the term of the charter as a
service is provided. When a time charter contract is linked to an index, we recognize revenue for the applicable period based on
the actual index for that period.
Rental payments from direct financing and sales-type leases and leaseback assets are allocated between service revenues, if
applicable, interest income and capital repayments. The amount allocated to lease service revenue is based on the estimated fair
value, at the time of entering the lease agreement, of the services provided which consist of ship management and operating
services.
In a voyage charter contract, the charterer hires the vessel to transport a specific agreed-upon cargo for a single voyage. The
consideration in such a contract is determined on the basis of a freight rate per metric ton of cargo carried or occasionally on a
lump sum basis. The charterer is responsible for any short loading of cargo or "dead" freight. The voyage charter party
generally has standard payment terms with freight paid on completion of discharge. The voyage charter party generally has a
"demurrage" clause. As per this clause, the charterer reimburses us for any potential delays exceeding the allowed laytime as
per the charter party clause at the ports visited, which is recorded as voyage revenue. Estimates and judgments are required in
ascertaining the most likely outcome of a particular voyage and actual outcomes may differ from estimates. Such estimate is
reviewed and updated over the term of the voyage charter contract. In a voyage charter contract, the performance obligations
begin to be satisfied once the vessel begins loading the cargo.
We have determined that our voyage charter contracts consist of a single performance obligation of transporting the cargo
within a specified time period. Therefore, the performance obligation is met evenly as the voyage progresses, and the revenue is
recognized on a straight line basis over the voyage days from the commencement of loading to completion of discharge.
Contract assets with regards to voyage revenues are reported as "Voyages in progress" as the performance obligation is satisfied
over time. Voyage revenues typically become billable and due for payment on completion of the voyage and discharge of the
cargo, at which point the receivable is recognized as "Trade accounts receivable, net".
In a voyage contract, the Company bears all voyage related costs such as fuel costs, port charges and canal tolls. To recognize
costs incurred to fulfill a contract as an asset, the following criteria shall be met: (i) the costs relate directly to the contract, (ii)
the costs generate or enhance resources of the entity that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and
(iii) the costs are expected to be recovered. The costs incurred during the period prior to commencement of loading the cargo,
primarily bunkers, are deferred as they represent setup costs and recorded as a current asset and are subsequently amortized on a
straight-line basis as we satisfy the performance obligations under the contract. Costs incurred to obtain a contract, such as
commissions, are also deferred and expensed over the same period.
F-13
For our vessels operating under revenue sharing agreements, or in pools, revenues and voyage expenses are pooled and
allocated to each pool’s participants in accordance with an agreed-upon formula. Revenues generated through revenue sharing
agreements are presented gross when we are considered the principal under the charter parties with the net income allocated
under the revenue sharing agreement presented as within voyage charter income. For revenue sharing agreements that meet the
definition of a lease, we account for such contracts as variable rate operating leases and recognize revenue for the applicable
period based on the actual net revenue distributed by the pool.
As detailed in Note 25: Related Party Transactions, the Company has, or has had, profit sharing arrangements with Frontline
Shipping Limited ("Frontline Shipping"), and Golden Ocean Group Limited ("Golden Ocean"). In addition, the Company's
charter agreements relating to seven containerships chartered to Maersk on a time charter basis include an arrangement where
we receive a share of the fuel savings, dependent on the price difference between IMO compliant fuel and IMO non-compliant
fuel that is subsequently made compliant by the scrubbers. Amounts receivable under these arrangements are accrued on the
basis of amounts earned at the reporting date.
Any contingent elements of rental income, such as profit share, fuel saving payments and interest rate adjustments, are
recognized when the contingent conditions have materialized.
Foreign currencies
The Company's functional currency is the U.S. dollar as the majority of revenues are received in U.S. dollars and the majority
of the Company's expenditures are made in U.S. dollars. The Company's reporting currency is also the U.S. dollar. Most of the
Company's subsidiaries report in U.S. dollars. Transactions in foreign currencies during the year are translated into U.S. dollars
at the rates of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated
using rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using
historical rates of exchange. Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are included under "Other financial items" in the
consolidated statements of operations.
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, all demand and time deposits and highly liquid, low risk
investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered equivalent to cash.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash consists of cash which may only be used for certain purposes and is held under a contractual arrangement. The
Company classifies restricted cash as short-term and a current asset if the cash is restricted for less than a year. Otherwise, the
restricted cash is classified as long-term.
Investment in debt and equity securities
Investments in debt and equity securities include share investments and interest-earning listed and unlisted corporate bonds.
Any premium paid on their acquisition is amortized over the life of the bond. Investments in debt securities are recorded at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income.
Investments in equity securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in the consolidated
statement of operations.
If circumstances arise which lead the Company to believe that the issuer of a corporate bond may be unable to meet its payment
obligations in full, or that the fair value at acquisition of the share investment or corporate bond may otherwise not be fully
recoverable, then to the extent that a loss is expected to arise that unrealized loss is recorded as an impairment in the statement
of operations, with an adjustment if necessary to any unrealized gains or losses previously recorded in other comprehensive
income. In determining whether the Company has an other-than-temporary impairment in its investment in bonds, in addition to
the Company’s intention and ability to hold the investments until the market recovers, the Company considers the period of
decline, the amount and the severity of the decline and the ability of the investment to recover in the near to medium term. The
Company also evaluates if the underlying security provided by the bonds is sufficient to ensure that the decline in fair value of
these bonds did not result in an other-than-temporary impairment.
The cost of disposals or reclassifications from other comprehensive income is calculated on an average cost basis, where
applicable.
F-14
The fair value of unlisted corporate bonds is determined from an analysis of projected cash flows, based on factors including
the terms, provisions and other characteristics of the bonds, credit ratings and default risk of the issuing entity, the fundamental
financial and other characteristics of that entity, and the current economic environment and trading activity in the debt market.
Investments in associated companies
Investments in affiliates in which the Company has significant influence but does not exercise control are accounted for using
the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the Company records its investments in equity-method investees on
the consolidated balance sheets as "Investment in associated companies" and its share of the nonconsolidated affiliate's income
or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations as "Equity in earnings of associated companies". The
cumulative post-acquisition changes in the investment are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment.
On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box Holding Inc. (“River Box”) to a subsidiary of
Hemen, a related party. The Company has accounted for its remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method
from this date. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
Allowance for expected credit losses
The balances recorded in respect of Trade receivables, Other receivables, Related party receivables, Other long term assets and
Investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets reflect the risk that our customers may fail to meet
their payment obligations and the risk that the underlying asset value of the vessels and rigs could be less than the unguaranteed
residual value.
The Company estimates the expected risk of loss over the remaining life using a probability of default and net exposure
analysis. The probability of default is estimated based on historical cumulative default data, adjusted for current conditions of
similarly risk-rated counterparties over the contractual term. The net exposure is estimated based on the exposure, net of the
estimated value of the underlying vessels and rigs in the instance of Investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and
leaseback assets, over the contractual term.
Current expected credit loss provisions are classified as expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, with a
corresponding allowance for credit loss amount reported as a reduction in the related balance sheet amount of Trade
receivables, Other receivables, Related party receivables, Other long term assets and Investments in sales-type leases, direct
financing leases and leaseback assets. Partial or full recoveries of amounts previously written off are generally recognized as a
reduction in the provision for credit losses.
Trade accounts receivable
The amount shown as trade accounts receivable at each balance sheet date includes receivables due from customers for hire of
vessels and offshore related assets, net of allowance for expected credit losses.
Inventories
Inventories are comprised principally of fuel and lubricating oils and are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost is determined on a first-in first-out basis.
Vessels and equipment (including operating lease assets)
Vessels and equipment are recorded at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and, if appropriate, impairment charges.
The cost of these assets less estimated residual value is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining
economic useful life of the asset. The estimated economic useful life of our offshore drilling rigs is 30 years and for all other
vessels it is 25 years.
Where an asset is subject to an operating lease that includes fixed price purchase options, the projected net book value of the
asset is compared to the option price at the various option dates. If any option price is less than the projected net book value at
an option date, the initial depreciation schedule is amended so that the carrying value of the asset is written down on a straight
line basis to the option price at the option date. If the option is not exercised, this process is repeated so as to amortize the
remaining carrying value, on a straight line basis, to the estimated recycling value or the option price at the next option date, as
appropriate.
F-15
This accounting policy for fixed assets has the effect that if an option is exercised there will be either a) no gain or loss on the
sale of the asset or b) in the event that the option is exercised at a price in excess of the net book value at the option date, a gain
will be reported in the statement of operations at the date of delivery to the new owners, under the heading "gain on sale of
assets".
The Company capitalizes and depreciates the costs of significant replacements, renewals and upgrades to its vessels over the
shorter of the vessel’s remaining useful life or the life of the renewal or upgrade. The amount capitalized is based on
management’s judgment as to expenditures that extend a vessel’s useful life or increase the operational efficiency of a vessel.
Costs that are not capitalized are recorded as a component of direct vessel operating expenses during the period incurred.
Expenses for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Advances paid in respect of vessel upgrades in relation
to Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems ("EGCS" or "scrubbers") and Ballast water treatment systems ("BWTS") are included within
"other long-term assets", until such time as the equipment is installed on a vessel, at which point it is transferred to "Vessels and
equipment, net".
Office equipment is depreciated at 20% per annum on a reducing balance basis.
Vessels and equipment under finance lease
The Company charters-in certain vessels and equipment under leasing agreements. Leases of vessels and equipment, where the
Company has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as "vessels under finance lease", with
corresponding lease liabilities recorded.
The Company capitalizes and depreciates the costs of significant replacements, renewals and upgrades to its vessels over the
shorter of the vessel’s remaining useful life or the life of the renewal or upgrade. The amount capitalized is based on
management’s judgment as to expenditures that extend a vessel’s useful life or increase the operational efficiency of a vessel.
Costs that are not capitalized are recorded as a component of direct vessel operating expenses during the period incurred.
Expenses for routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Advances paid in respect of vessel upgrades in relation
to EGCS and BWTS are included within "other long-term assets", until such time as the equipment is installed on a vessel, at
which point it is transferred to "Vessels under finance lease, net".
Depreciation of vessels and equipment under finance lease is included within "Depreciation" in the consolidated statement of
operations. Vessels and equipment under finance lease are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the vessels' remaining
economic useful lives or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The method applied is determined by the criteria by
which the lease has been assessed to be a finance lease.
Newbuildings
The carrying value of vessels under construction ("newbuildings") represents the accumulated costs to the balance sheet date
which the Company has paid by way of purchase installments and other capital expenditures together with capitalized loan
interest and associated finance costs. No charge for depreciation is made until a newbuilding is put into operation.
Capitalized interest
Interest expense is capitalized during the period of construction of newbuilding vessels based on accumulated expenditures for
the applicable vessel at the Company's capitalization rate of interest. The amount of interest capitalized in an accounting period
is determined by applying an interest rate (the "capitalization rate") to the average amount of accumulated expenditures for the
vessel during the period. The capitalization rate used in an accounting period is based on the rates applicable to borrowings
outstanding during the period. The Company does not capitalize amounts in excess of actual interest expense incurred in the
period. In the year ended December 31, 2021, $0.4 million interest was capitalized in the cost of newbuildings (2020: $0.0
million; 2019: $0.0 million).
Investment in sales-type leases and direct financing leases
Leases (charters) of our vessels where we are the lessor are classified as either direct financing, sales-type leases, operating
leases, or leaseback assets based on an assessment of the terms of the lease. For charters classified as direct financing leases, the
minimum lease payments (reduced in the case of time-chartered vessels by projected vessel operating costs) plus the estimated
residual value of the vessel are recorded as the gross investment in the direct financing lease.
F-16
For direct financing leases, the difference between the gross investment in the lease and the carrying value of the vessel is
recorded as unearned lease interest income. The net investment in the lease consists of the gross investment less the unearned
income. Over the period of the lease each charter payment received, net of vessel operating costs if applicable, is allocated
between "lease interest income" and "repayment of investment in lease" in such a way as to produce a constant percentage rate
of return on the balance of the net investment in the direct financing lease. Thus, as the balance of the net investment in each
direct financing lease decreases, a lower proportion of each lease payment received is allocated to lease interest income and a
greater proportion is allocated to lease repayment. For direct financing leases relating to time chartered vessels, the portion of
each time charter payment received that relates to vessel operating costs is classified as "service revenue - direct financing
leases".
For sales-type leases, the difference between the gross investment in the lease and the present value of its components, i.e. the
minimum lease payments and the estimated residual value, is recorded as unearned lease interest income. The discount rate
used in determining the present values is the interest rate implicit in the lease. The present value of the minimum lease
payments, computed using the interest rate implicit in the lease, is recorded as the sales price, from which the carrying value of
the vessel at the commencement of the lease is deducted in order to determine the profit or loss on sale. As is the case for direct
financing leases, the unearned lease interest income is amortized to income over the period of the lease so as to produce a
constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
The difference between the fair value of the leased asset and the costs results in a selling profit or loss. A selling profit is
recognized at lease commencement for sales-type leases and over the lease term for direct financing leases. Selling loss is
recognized at lease commencement for both sales-type and direct financing leases. The fair value is considered to be the cost of
acquiring the vessel unless a significant period has elapsed between the acquisition of the vessel and the commencement of the
lease.
Where a sales-type lease, direct financing lease or leaseback asset charter arrangement containing fixed price purchase options,
the projected carrying value of the net investment in the lease is compared to the option price at the various option dates. If any
option price is less than the projected net investment in the lease at an option date, the rate of amortization of unearned lease
interest income is adjusted to reduce the net investment to the option price at the option date. If the option is not exercised, this
process is repeated so as to reduce the net investment in the lease to the un-guaranteed residual value or the option price at the
next option date, as appropriate.
This accounting policy for investments in direct financing or sales-type leases or leaseback assets has the effect that if an option
is exercised there will either be a) no gain or loss on the exercise of the option or b) in the event that an option is exercised at a
price in excess of the net investment in the lease at the option date, a gain will be reported in the statement of operations at the
date of delivery to the new owners.
If the terms of an existing lease are agreed to be amended, the modification is evaluated to consider if it is a contract which
occurs when the modification grants the lessee an additional right-of-use not included in the original lease and the lease
payments increase commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use, adjusted for the circumstances of the
particular contract. If both conditions are met, the amendments are treated as a separate lease. If the conditions are not met, the
lease is re-evaluated under ASC 842, as a new lease with the new terms.
Leaseback assets
Any vessels purchased and leased back to the same party are evaluated under sale and leaseback accounting to determine
whether it is appropriate to account for the transaction as a sale and purchase of an asset, respectively. If control is deemed not
to have passed to the Company as purchaser, due for example to the lessee having purchase options, the transaction is
accounted for under ASC 310 where the purchase price paid is accounted for as loan receivable and described as a leaseback
asset. Interest income is recognized on the aggregate loan receivable based on the imputed interest rate and the part of the rental
income received is allocated as a reduction of the vessel loan balance.
Finance lease liability
The Company charters-in seven container vessels through sale and leaseback financing arrangements with corresponding lease
assets classified as "vessels under finance lease". Leases of vessels and equipment, where the Company has substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as finance lease liabilities. Each lease payment is allocated between reduction in
liability and finance charges to achieve a constant rate on the capital balance outstanding. The interest element of the capital
cost is charged to the Consolidated Statement of Operations over the lease period.
F-17
Impairment of long-lived assets, including other long-term investments
The carrying value of long-lived assets, including other long-term investments, that are held by the Company are reviewed
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For vessels,
such indicators may include historically low spot charter rates and second hand vessel values. The Company assesses
recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net cash flows expected to result from the asset,
including eventual disposition, taking into account the possibility of any existing medium and long-term charter arrangements
being terminated early. If the future expected net cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is
recorded equal to the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its fair value. In addition, long-lived assets to be
disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is generally based
on values achieved for the sale/purchase of similar vessels and external appraisals.
Deferred charges
Loan costs, including debt arrangement fees, are capitalized and amortized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant
loan. The straight line basis of amortization approximates the effective interest method in the Company's statement of
operations. Amortization of loan costs is included in interest expense. If a loan is repaid early, any unamortized portion of the
related deferred charges is charged against income in the period in which the loan is repaid. Similarly, if a portion of a loan is
repaid early, the corresponding portion of the unamortized related deferred charges is charged against income in the period in
which the early repayment is made.
Convertible bonds
The Company accounts for debt instruments with convertible features in accordance with the details and substance of the
instruments at the time of their issuance. For convertible debt instruments issued at a substantial premium to equivalent
instruments without conversion features, or those that may be settled in cash upon conversion, it is presumed that the premium
or cash conversion option represents an equity component. Accordingly, the Company determines the carrying amounts of the
liability and equity components of such convertible debt instruments by first determining the carrying amount of the liability
component by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity component. The carrying amount of
the equity component representing the embedded conversion option is then determined by deducting the fair value of the
liability component from the total proceeds from the issue. The resulting equity component is recorded, with a corresponding
offset to debt discount which is subsequently amortized to interest cost using the effective interest method over the period the
debt is expected to be outstanding as an additional non-cash interest expense. Transaction costs associated with the instrument
are allocated pro-rata between the debt and equity components.
For conventional convertible bonds which do not have a cash conversion option or where no substantial premium is received on
issuance, it may not be appropriate to split the bond into the liability and equity components.
A conversion of the bonds at more favorable terms than the original bond is treated as an inducement and the Company
recognizes a debt conversion expense equal to the fair value of all securities and other consideration transferred in the
transaction in excess of the fair value of securities or consideration issuable pursuant to the original conversion terms.
Financial instruments
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based
on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. For the majority of financial instruments, including most
derivatives and long-term debt, standard market conventions and techniques such as options pricing models are used to
determine fair value. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never
actually be realized.
F-18
Interest rate and currency swaps
The Company enters into interest rate swap transactions from time to time to hedge a portion of its exposure to floating interest
rates. These transactions involve the conversion of floating interest rates into fixed rates over the life of the transactions without
an exchange of underlying principal. The Company also enters into currency swap transactions from time to time to hedge
against the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on loan liabilities. Currency swap transactions involve the exchange of fixed
amounts of other currencies for fixed US dollar amounts over the life of the transactions, including an exchange of underlying
principal. The Company may also enter into a combination of interest and currency swaps "cross currency interest rate swaps".
The fair values of the interest rate and currency swap contracts, including cross currency interest rate swaps, are recognized as
assets or liabilities. When the interest rate or currency swap does not qualify for hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815
"Derivatives and Hedging" ("ASC 815"), changes in fair values are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
When the interest rate and/or currency swap or combination, qualifies for hedge accounting under ASC Topic 815 "Derivatives
and Hedging" ("ASC 815"), and the Company has formally designated the swap as a hedge to the underlying loan, and when
the hedge is effective, the changes in the fair value of the swap are recognized in other comprehensive income. If it becomes
probable that the hedged forecasted transaction to which these swaps relate will not occur, the amounts in other comprehensive
income will be reclassified into earnings immediately.
Drydocking provisions
Normal vessel repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense when incurred. The Company recognizes the cost of a
drydocking at the time the drydocking takes place, that is, it applies the "expense as incurred" method.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based on the income available to common stockholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding for basic EPS. Diluted EPS includes the effect of the assumed conversion of potentially dilutive
instruments.
Share-based compensation
The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with ASC Topic 718 "Compensation – Stock
Compensation" ("ASC 718"), under which the fair value of stock options issued to employees is expensed over the period in
which the options vest. The Company uses the simplified method for making estimates of the expected term of stock options.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No, 2019-12 "Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income
Taxes". ASU 2019-12 removes specific exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 in Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) and also improves the financial statements preparers' application of income tax-related guidance and
simplifies GAAP. ASU 2019-12 was effective for fiscal years beginning after 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal
years. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of
operations or cash flows.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01 "'Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method
and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321,
Topic 323, and Topic 815". ASU 2020-01 among other things clarifies that a company should consider observable transactions
that require a company to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting under Topic 323, Investments—Equity
Method and Joint Ventures, for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321
immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. The new ASU clarifies that, when determining the
accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options a company should not consider, whether upon settlement or
exercise, if the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method or fair value option. ASU 2020-01 was
effective for fiscal years, and interim periods after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2020-01 did not have a material
impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08 "Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—
Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs". ASU 2020-08 clarifies that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is
within the scope of ASC paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period. ASU 2020-08 was effective for fiscal years and
interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2020-08 did not have a
material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
F-19
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10 "Codification Improvements". ASU 20201-10 affects a wide variety of Topics
in the Codification. ASU 2020-10 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU
2020-10 did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or in
the notes to financial statements.
3.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The following is a brief discussion of a selection of recently released accounting pronouncements that are pertinent to the
Company's business:
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "'Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets
and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2021-08"). This ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606 to
recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. The amendments improve
comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue
contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business
combination. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2022, and are applied prospectively
to business combinations that occur after the effective date. The Company will evaluate these amendments based on the facts
and circumstances of any future business combinations.
In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, "Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease
Payments" ("ASU 2021-05"). The amendments in this ASU affect lessors with lease contracts that (1) have variable lease
payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate and (2) would have resulted in the recognition of a selling loss at
lease commencement if classified as sales-type or direct financing. The Update stipulates that lessors with such leases should
classify them as operating leases if both of the following criteria are met: (1) The lease would have been classified as a sales-
type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in ASC paragraphs 842-10-25-2 through 25-3;
and (2) The lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. This new standard amends the lease classification
requirements for lessors to align them with practice under ASC Topic 840. When a lease is classified as operating, the lessor
does not recognize a net investment in the lease, does not derecognize the underlying asset, and, therefore, does not recognize a
selling profit or loss. ASU 2021-05 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Entities
have the option to apply the amendments either (1) retrospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after the
adoption of Update 2016- 02 or (2) prospectively to leases that commence or are modified on or after the date that an entity first
applies the amendments. The Company intends to choose the prospective option and the effect on the financial statements will
be evaluated based on the facts and circumstances of future lease contracts.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments
(Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s
Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified
Written Call Options" ("ASU 2021-04"). This new standard provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a
freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) How
an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call
option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) How an entity should measure the effect of a
modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after
modification or exchange; and (3) How an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding
equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. ASU 2021-04 is effective for
fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU
2021-04 will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
F-20
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference
Rate Reform on Financial Reporting". Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 848 provided temporary optional expedients
and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to reduce the financial reporting
burden in light of the market transition from London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) and other reference interest rates to
alternative reference rates. Under ASC 848, companies can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to
contracts affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not be required to
remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. The amendments of ASC 848
apply only to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to
be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, which clarified the scope of
Topic 848 in relation to derivative instruments and contract modifications. The amendments in these updates are elective and
are subject to meeting certain criteria, that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or
another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments in these updates are
effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through to December 31, 2022. The Company has determined that the reference
rate reform will impact its floating rate debt facilities and interest rate swaps contracts. In order to preserve the presentation of
derivatives consistent with past presentation, the Company expects to take advantage of the expedients and exceptions provided
by the ASUs when LIBOR is discontinued and replaced with alternative reference rates.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's
Own Equity" ("ASU 2020-06"). ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion
and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to
equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as
a single liability measured at its amortized cost or will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical
cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. By removing those separation models, the
interest rate of convertible debt instruments typically will be closer to the coupon interest rate. ASU 2020-06 also introduces
additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity.
ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all
convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective from January 1, 2022 and the Company plans to adopt the amendments on a
modified retrospective basis. Based on a preliminary assessment the Company expects the adoption of ASU 2020-06 to involve
adjustments to the opening balance of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital and unamortized debt issuance costs. The
Company estimates the net impact of this adjustment to stockholders' equity to be less than $2 million, although this is subject
to change based upon repurchases and issuances of convertible debt prior to implementation. Also, it is not expected that the
amendments will have any material impact on the Company's calculation of basic or diluted earnings per share.
4.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has only one reportable segment. The Company's assets operate on a world-wide basis and the Company's
management does not evaluate performance by geographical region or by asset type, as they believe that any such information
would not be meaningful.
5.
TAXATION
Bermuda
Under current Bermudan law, the Company is not required to pay taxes in Bermuda on either income or capital gains. The
Company has received written assurance from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda that, in the event of any such taxes being
imposed, the Company will be exempted from taxation until the year 2035.
United States
The Company does not accrue U.S. income taxes as, in the opinion of U.S. counsel, the Company is not engaged in a U.S. trade
or business and is exempted from a gross basis tax under Section 883 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.
A reconciliation between the income tax expense resulting from applying statutory income tax rates and the reported income tax
expense has not been presented herein, as it would not provide additional useful information to users of the financial statements
as the Company's net income is subject to neither Bermuda nor U.S. tax.
F-21
Other Jurisdictions
Certain of the Company's subsidiaries and branches in Norway, Singapore and the United Kingdom are subject to income tax in
their respective jurisdictions. The tax paid by subsidiaries of the Company that are subject to income tax is not material.
6.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The computation of basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding
during the year and the consolidated net income or loss of the Company. Diluted EPS includes the effect of the assumed
conversion of potentially dilutive instruments.
The components of the numerator for the calculation of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Net income/(loss) available to stockholders
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Net income/(loss) available to stockholders
Interest and other expenses/(gains) attributable to convertible notes
Net income/(loss) assuming dilution
Year ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019
164,343
(224,425)
89,177
164,343
16,166
180,509
(224,425)
89,177
—
(304)
(224,425)
88,873
The components of the denominator for the calculation of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:
(in thousands)
Basic earnings per share:
Year ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding*
122,141
108,972
107,614
Diluted earnings per share:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding*
122,141
108,972
107,614
Effect of dilutive share options
Effect of dilutive convertible notes
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding assuming dilution
—
17,242
139,383
—
—
81
1
108,972
107,696
Basic earnings/(loss) per share:
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share:
Year ended December 31,
2021
1.35 $
1.30 $
2020
(2.06) $
(2.06) $
2019
0.83
0.83
$
$
*The weighted average number of common shares outstanding excludes 8,000,000 shares initially issued and loaned as part of
a share lending arrangement originally relating to the Company's issuance of 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds in
October 2016. After the maturity of these bonds, the Company entered into a general share lending agreement with another
counterparty and the 8,000,000 shares were transferred into its custody. The weighted average number of common shares
outstanding also excludes 3,765,842 shares issued as of December 31, 2021 from up to 7,000,000 shares issuable under a
share lending arrangement relating to the Company's issuance of 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds in April and May
2018. These 3,765,842 shares, which were issued and loaned, are owned by the Company and are to be returned on or before
maturity of the bonds in 2023, pursuant to the terms of the applicable share lending arrangement, although the Company may
enter into additional lending arrangements in respect of these shares upon the maturity of the existing lending arrangement.
(See also Note 23: Share Capital, Additional Paid-In Capital and Contributed Surplus).
F-22
In October 2021, the Company redeemed the full amount outstanding under the 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due
2021. The remaining outstanding principal amount of $144.7 million was fully satisfied in cash. During the year ended
December 31, 2021, the Company purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling $67.6 million from the 5.75% senior
unsecured convertible bonds due 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the principal amounts of the repurchased bonds were anti-
dilutive, assuming if converted, at the start of the period.
As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding balances on the 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds issued in April and May
2018 and the 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds issued in October 2016 were both anti-dilutive.
As of December 31, 2019, the outstanding balances on the 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds issued in April and May
2018 and the 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds issued in October 2016 were both anti-dilutive.
7.
OPERATING LEASES
Rental income
The minimum future revenues to be received under the Company's non-cancelable operating leases on its vessels as of
December 31, 2021, are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
(in thousands of $)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total minimum lease revenues
430,170
379,089
260,409
108,002
105,541
101,174
1,384,385
The minimum future revenues above are based on payments receivable from the charterers and do not include contingent rental
income. Revenues included in income are recognized on a straight-line basis.
Contingent rental income
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had installed scrubbers or EGCS on 16 vessels accounted for as operating leases
(seven container vessels, seven Capesize bulk carriers and two Suezmax tankers), three container vessels accounted for as
finance leases and two VLCCs accounted for as direct financing leases. As part of the agreement for the installation of
scrubbers on the seven container vessels (2020: five), which were on time charter contracts, accounted for as operating leases, it
was agreed that the Company will receive contingent income based on the cost savings achieved by the charterer on fuel arising
from using the scrubbers from January 1, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an income of
$10.6 million in connection with the cost savings agreement (December 31, 2020: $3.9 million).
The cost and accumulated depreciation of vessels (owned and under finance leases) leased to third parties on non-cancelable
operating leases as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Cost
Accumulated depreciation
Total
2021
3,393,588
(610,622)
2,782,966
2020
2,245,889
(465,033)
1,780,856
F-23
8.
GAIN ON SALE OF ASSETS
The Company has recorded gains on sale of assets as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Gain on sale of vessels
Year ended December 31,
2021
39,405
2020
2,250
2019
—
During the year ended December 31, 2021, 15 feeder container vessels, which were accounted for as direct financing leases and
three feeder container vessels which were accounted for as leaseback assets, were sold to an unrelated party. The Company
received net sale proceeds of $82.0 million and recorded a gain of $0.6 million on disposal of these vessels during the year
ended December 31, 2021.
Also during the year ended December 31, 2021, seven Handysize dry bulk carriers, which were accounted for as operating lease
assets, were sold to an unrelated third party for total net sale proceeds of $97.7 million. A gain of $39.3 million was recorded on
the disposal during the year ended December 31, 2021.
The drilling unit West Taurus, which was accounted for as an operating lease asset, was sold for recycling to a ship recycling
facility in Turkey during the year ended December 31, 2021. A loss of $0.6 million was recorded on recycling during the year
ended December 31, 2021. The wholly owned subsidiary owning the rig (SFL Deepwater Ltd) was initially accounted for using
the equity method. In October 2020, the subsidiary ceased to be accounted for as an associate and became consolidated. (See
Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies and Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the VLCC Front Hakata, which was accounted for as a direct financing lease asset,
was sold to an unrelated third party. A gain of $1.4 million was recorded on the disposal. The Company received net sale
proceeds of $30.3 million, net of $3.2 million compensation paid for early termination of the charter. (See Note 25: Related
Party Transactions).
The four offshore support vessels Sea Cheetah, Sea Jaguar, Sea Halibut and Sea Pike, which were accounted for as operating
lease assets, were sold to an unrelated third party for total net sale proceeds of $4.3 million. A gain of $0.9 million was recorded
on the disposal during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The offshore support vessel Sea Leopard, which was accounted for as a direct financing lease asset, was sold to an unrelated
third party for recycling and a loss of $0.03 million was recorded on the disposal during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The VLCCs Hunter Atla, Hunter Saga and Hunter Laga, which were accounted for as leaseback assets, were sold to an
unrelated third party for total net sale proceeds of $176.2 million. The Company recorded no gain or loss on the sale of these
vessels during the year ended December 31, 2020 as the sale proceeds equaled their carrying value at date of sale.
No gain or loss on sale of assets was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019.
9.
GAIN ON SALE OF SUBSIDIARIES
No subsidiaries were sold during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2019.
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through
its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. On
December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen Holding Limited
("Hemen"), a related party. Net proceeds of $17.5 million were received for the shares, resulting in a net gain of $1.9 million on
the sale. At the time of disposal on December 31, 2020, the consolidated net assets held by River Box were as follows:
F-24
(in thousands of $)
Cash and cash equivalents
Investments in sales-type and direct financing leases
Finance lease liability
Long-term loan from related party
Other current liabilities
Net assets
2020
2,859
540,908
(464,740)
(45,000)
(2,861)
31,166
As of December 31, 2021 the balance of the long-term loan from SFL to River Box was $45.0 million (2020: $45.0 million).
(See Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
The Company has accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (See Note 18:
Investment in Associated Companies).
10.
OTHER FINANCIAL ITEMS, NET
Other financial items comprise the following items:
(in thousands of $)
Year ended December 31,
2021
2020
Net payments on non-designated derivatives relating to interest rate swaps
(6,707)
(4,575)
Net payments on non-designated derivatives relating to cross currency swaps
Net payments on non-designated derivatives relating to combined cross
currency and interest rate swaps
Net payments relating to the settlement of interest rate swaps following the
refinancing of debt
Total net cash movement on non-designated derivatives and swap settlements
Net (decrease)/increase in mark-to-market valuation of non-designated
derivatives relating to interest rate swaps
Net (decrease)/increase in mark-to-market valuation of non-designated
derivatives relating to cross currency swaps
Net (decrease)/increase in mark-to-market valuation of non-designated
derivatives relating to combined cross currency and interest rate swaps
Total net movement in fair value of non-designated derivatives
Allowance for expected credit losses
Impairment of long-term receivables
Other items
Total other financial items, net
2019
1,389
—
(8)
(6)
—
—
(6,715)
(152)
(194)
(4,539)
(9,272)
—
1,195
11,607
(15,314)
(4,123)
(16)
5
—
—
11,591
722
—
1,085
6,683
(5,124)
(20,433)
(1,771)
—
5,531
673
(3,450)
—
(9,168)
(1,330)
(25,945)
(12,753)
The net movement in the fair values of non-designated derivatives and net cash payments thereon relate to non-designated,
terminated or de-designated interest rate swaps, cross currency interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps. Changes in the fair
values of the effective portion of interest rate swaps that are designated as cash flow hedges are reported under "Other
comprehensive income". Following the adoption of ASU 2017-12 from January 2019, the Company now recognizes all changes
in the fair value of swaps designated as accounting hedges in other comprehensive income. The adoption of the standard
resulted in an opening balance adjustments of $32,000 to retained earnings and other comprehensive income on January 1,
2019.
The above net movement in the valuation of non-designated derivatives in the year ended December 31, 2021, includes $0.0
million (2020: $1.1 million; 2019: $0.0 million) reclassified from "Other comprehensive income", as a result of certain interest
rate swaps relating to loan facilities no longer being designated as cash flow hedges.
F-25
Other items in the year ended December 31, 2021, includes an equity distribution of $2.6 million from the Norwegian
Shipowners’ Mutual War Risks Insurance Association ("DNK"). The total equity distribution paid by DNK to its members was
made in proportion to premiums paid over a 10-year period.
Following the adoption of ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" from January 2020, the Company now
recognizes, among other things, a measurement of expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date which are
within the scope of the ASU, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. During
the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a credit loss provision of $1.8 million in the Consolidated Statement
of Operations, with a corresponding allowance for credit loss amount reported as a reduction in the related balance sheet
amount of Trade receivables, Other receivables, Related party receivables, Other long term assets and Investments in sales-type
leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a
decrease in the credit loss provision of $0.7 million. (See Note 27: Allowance for Expected Credit Losses).
In February 2016, the offshore support vessel Sea Bear, then chartered to a subsidiary of Deep Sea was sold and its lease
canceled. An agreed termination fee was received in the form of a loan note from Deep Sea, receivable over the approximately
six remaining years of the canceled lease. The note has an interest rate of 7.25% and has a face value of $14.6 million. The note
was evaluated to have an initial fair value of $11.6 million which was determined from analysis of projected cash flows, based
on factors including the terms, provisions and other characteristics of the notes, default risk of the issuing entity, the
fundamental financial and other characteristics of that entity, and the current economic environment and relevant trading
activity in the debt market. In June 2017, Deep Sea completed a merger with Solstad Offshore ASA and Farstad Shipping ASA,
creating Solstad Farstad ASA. In October 2018, Solstad Farstad ASA changed its name to Solstad Offshore ASA ("Solstad").
The loan note is unsecured and not guaranteed by its holding company. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the
Company concluded that the loan note may no longer be recoverable and recorded an impairment charge of long term
receivables of $8.2 million against it. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company also recorded an impairment
charge of long term receivables of $0.9 million against its non-amortizing loan note from Apexindo, following revisions to the
agreement.
On October 20, 2020, Solstad held an extraordinary general meeting to approve its proposed debt restructuring to partly
compensate stakeholders for prior losses incurred in connection with their failure to meet obligations on certain loans and lease
agreements. SFL received 4.4 million shares in Solstad and cash compensation of NOK10 million ($1.1 million) which is
included in other items above. The shares were subsequently sold by the Company and a gain on the sale of shares of $2.6
million was recorded in the Statement of Operations in the year ended December 31, 2020. (See Note 11: Investment in Debt
and Equity Securities).
Other items in the year ended December 31, 2021, include a net loss of $0.4 million arising from foreign currency translations
(2020: gain of $5.6 million; 2019: gain of $0.3 million). Other items also include bank charges and fees relating to loan
facilities.
F-26
11.
INVESTMENTS IN DEBT AND EQUITY SECURITIES
Marketable securities held by the Company consist of corporate bonds and equity securities.
(in thousands of $)
Corporate Bonds
Balance at start of the year
Additions during the year
Unrealized (loss)/gain recorded in other comprehensive income
Accumulated other-than-temporary impairment*
Balance at end of the year
Equity Securities
Balance at start of the year
Disposals during the year
Unrealized gain /(loss)*
Realized gain*
Foreign currency translation loss
Balance at the end of year
Total Investment in Debt and Equity Securities
Equity Securities pledged to creditors
2021
2020
9,431
1,350
(284)
(817)
9,680
19,374
(9,608)
1,087
725
(48)
11,530
12,753
1,287
279
(4,888)
9,431
61,326
(23,661)
(22,428)
4,864
(727)
19,374
21,210
28,805
10,238
9,007
*Balances included in "Gain/(loss) on investments in debt and equity securities" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Corporate Bonds
The corporate bonds are classified as available-for-sale securities and are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and
losses recorded as a separate component of "Other comprehensive income".
(in thousands of $)
NorAm Drilling
NT Rig Holdco 12%
NT Rig Holdco 7.5%
Total corporate bonds
Year ended December 31, 2021
Unrealised
gains/ (losses)*
Amortised
Cost
Fair value
Year ended December 31, 2020
Unrealised
gains/ (losses)*
Amortised
Cost
Fair value
4,132
4,917
—
9,049
487
144
—
631
4,619
5,061
—
9,680
4,132
3,567
817
8,516
511
404
—
915
4,643
3,971
817
9,431
NorAm Drilling Company AS ("NorAm Drilling")
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $0.0 million in Other
Comprehensive Income (2020: $0.0 million; 2019: $0.1 million) in relation to NorAm Drilling bonds.
Oro Negro Drilling Pte. Ltd ("Oro Negro") and NT Rig Holdco ("NT Rig Holdco")
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company acquired additional NT Rig Holdco Liquidity 12% bonds for a total
purchase price of $1.4 million (2020: $1.3 million).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the existing Oro Negro 12% Bonds and Oro Negro 7.5% Bonds were restructured
by the issuer thereby resulting in the recognition of NT Rig Holdco Liquidity 12% Bonds and NT Rig Holdco 7.5% Bonds, and
redemption of all the Oro Negro 12% Bonds and a substantial proportion of the Oro Negro 7.5% Bonds. The Company
recorded no gain or loss on redemption of the bonds. The accumulated gain of $0.1 million previously recognized in the
Consolidated Statement of Operations in respect of the Oro Negro 12% Bonds was reversed.
F-27
In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized an unrealized loss of $0.3 million (2020: gain $0.4 million) in
respect of the NT Rig Holdco 12% Bonds and an unrealized gain of $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million) in respect of the NT Rig
Holdco 7.5% Bonds. In June 2021, an impairment loss of $0.8 million (2020: $4.3 million) was recorded in the Consolidated
Statement of Operations in relation to the NT Rig Holdco 7.5% Bonds.
Equity Securities
Changes in the fair value of equity investments are recognized in net income.
(in thousands of $)
Frontline*
NorAm Drilling
ADS Maritime Holding (formally ADS Crude Carriers)
Total shares
2021
10,238
1,292
—
11,530
2020
9,007
1,484
8,883
19,374
*As of December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the shares held in Frontline Ltd. (“Frontline”) pledged to creditors is $10.2
million (2020: $9.0 million).
Frontline Shares
As of December 31, 2021, the Company held approximately 1.4 million shares (2020: 1.4 million shares) in Frontline. (See
Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
In December 2019, the Company entered into a forward contract to repurchase approximately 3.4 million shares of Frontline on
June 30, 2020 for $36.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased and simultaneously sold
approximately 2.0 million shares in Frontline for total proceeds of $21.1 million and recorded realized gains of $2.3 million in
the Statement of Operations in respect of the sales.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a forward contract, with an initial expiration date in January 2021, to repurchase
1.4 million shares of Frontline at a repurchase price of $16.2 million including deemed interest. During 2021, the Company has
continuously renewed the forward contract and as of December 31, 2021, the Company had a forward contract, which expired
in January 2022, to repurchase 1.4 million shares of Frontline, at a repurchase price of $16.4 million including accrued interest.
This forward contract related to 1.4 million shares has subsequently been rolled over to July 2022, at a repurchase price of
$16.6 million including deemed accrued interest. These transactions have been accounted for as secured borrowing, with the
shares retained in 'Marketable Securities pledged to creditors' and a liability recorded as of December 31, 2021 within debt for
$15.6 million (2020: $15.6 million). (See also Note 21: Short-Term and Long-Term Debt).
In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a fair value adjustment gain of $1.2 million (2020: loss $16.0
million; 2019: gain $25.0 million) in the Statement of Operations.
NorAm Drilling
As of December 31, 2021 the Company held approximately 1.3 million shares (2020: 1.3 million) in NorAm Drilling which
traded in the Norwegian Over the Counter market ("OTC"). The Company recognized a mark to market loss of $0.1 million
(2020: loss $2.5 million, 2019: gain $0.4 million) in the Statement of Operations in the year ended December 31, 2021, together
with a foreign exchange loss of $0.0 million (2020: $0.3 million; 2019: $0.0 million) in Other Financial Items in the Statement
of Operations. (See also Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
ADS Maritime Holding
In 2018 the Company had acquired 4 million shares in ADS Maritime Holding Plc, formerly known as ADS Crude Carriers Plc
(“ADS Maritime Holding”) for a total consideration of $10 million. (See Note 25: Related Party Transactions). In the year
ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a mark to market gain of $0.0 million (2020: loss $3.9 million, 2019: gain
$3.7 million) in the Statement of Operations, along with a foreign exchange gain of $0.0 million (2020: loss $0.4 million, 2019:
gain $0.3 million) in Other Financial Items in the Statement of Operations.
F-28
In March 2021, the Company received a capital dividend of approximately $8.8 million from ADS Maritime Holding following
the sale of its remaining two vessels. Also in March 2021, the Company sold its remaining shares in ADS Maritime Holding for
a consideration of approximately $0.8 million, recognizing a gain of $0.7 million on disposal.
Solstad Offshore ASA
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received 4.4 million shares in Solstad Offshore ASA as part of a debt
restructuring agreement, alongside cash compensation of NOK10 million ($1.1 million). The shares were subsequently sold by
the Company and a gain of $2.6 million was recorded in connection with the sale of the shares in the Statement of Operations in
the year ended December 31, 2020. (See also Note 10: Other Financial Items).
12.
TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
Trade accounts receivable
Trade accounts receivable are presented net of the allowances for doubtful debts and expected credit losses. The allowance for
doubtful debts was $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million) and expected credit losses relating to trade accounts receivable was $0.1
million as of December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.0 million). As of December 31, 2021, the Company has no reason to believe that
any remaining amount included in trade accounts receivable will not be recovered through due process or negotiation. (See also
Note 27: Allowance for Expected Credit Losses).
Other receivables
Other receivables, mainly include amounts due from vessel managers and claims receivable, which are presented net of the
allowance for doubtful debts and expected credit losses. The allowance for doubtful debts was $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million)
and the allowance for expected credit losses relating to other receivables was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.9
million). (See also Note 27: Allowance for Expected Credit Losses).
13.
VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Movements in the year ended December 31, 2021 summarized as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Depreciation
Vessel additions
Capital improvements
Transfer from associated companies
Vessel disposals
Reclassification from/(to) investments in sales-type/
direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Cost
Accumulated
Depreciation
Vessels and Equipment,
net
1,693,171
—
519,181
14,400
268,630
(68,107)
355,634
2,782,909
(452,473)
(97,022)
—
—
(7,079)
4,248
—
(552,326)
1,240,698
(97,022)
519,181
14,400
261,551
(63,859)
355,634
2,230,583
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased one 5,300 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit ("TEU") container
vessel, two 6,800 TEU container vessels, two 14,000 TEU container vessels, one Suezmax tanker and two LR2 product tankers
for a total acquisition price of $519.2 million. Upon delivery, the vessels immediately commenced their long term charters.
F-29
During the year ended December 31, 2021, one drilling unit (West Linus), previously recorded as a direct financing lease, was
reclassified to vessels and equipment at the carrying value of $355.6 million. The drilling unit is held by a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company (SFL Linus Ltd) and is leased to a subsidiary of Seadrill Limited (“Seadrill”), a related party. The
reclassification occurred on March 9, 2021, following approval by the applicable bankruptcy court of the Interim Funding and
Settlement Agreement signed between the Company and Seadrill, allowing Seadrill to pay reduced charter hire for West Linus
during the interim period. The change in rate met the definition of a modification resulting in the lease being reclassified from a
direct financing lease to an operating lease. (Refer to Note 17: Investment in Sales-Type Leases, Direct Financing Leases and
Leaseback Assets and Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
In the year ended December 31, 2020, seven 4,100 TEU container vessels, previously recorded as operating lease assets, were
reclassified as sales-type leases. The reclassification occurred as a result of amendments including extensions to the existing
charter contracts. The cost and accumulated depreciation of the vessels reclassified from vessels and equipment to investment in
sales-type leases were $87.6 million and $20.4 million, respectively. (Refer to Note 17: Investment in Sales-Type Leases,
Direct Financing Leases and Leaseback Assets).
The capital improvements of $14.4 million (2020: $52.7 million) relate to exhaust gas cleaning systems ("EGCS" or
"scrubbers") and ballast water treatment systems ("BWTS") installed on 10 vessels (2020: 16 vessels) during the year ended
December 31, 2021. Advances paid in respect of vessel upgrades in relation to EGCS and BWTS were included within "other
long-term assets", until such time as the equipment was installed on the vessels, at which point the amounts were transferred to
"Vessels and equipment, net".
Total depreciation expense for vessels and equipment was $97.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: $71.3
million; 2019: $80.3 million).
In August 2021, the Company consolidated the wholly owned subsidiary owning the drilling unit West Hercules that was
previously accounted for using the equity method of accounting. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). As a
result, the carrying value of the drilling unit of $261.6 million, was recognized in Vessels and Equipment, net.
In the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company consolidated the wholly owned subsidiary owning the drilling unit West
Taurus that was previously accounted for using the equity method of accounting. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated
Companies). As a result, the entity has been consolidated in the financial statements and the carrying value of the drilling unit,
of $258.1 million, was recognized in vessels and equipment, net. In September 2021, the rig was sold to a ship recycling facility
in Turkey. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $1.9 million (2020: $252.6
million) prior to disposal and a loss on sale of $0.6 million was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (Refer
to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
No impairment losses were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2021, other than the West Taurus impairment
described above. In the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded further impairment losses of $80.3 million against the
carrying value of seven Handysize bulk carriers (2019: $55.5 million against the carrying value of four offshore support vessels
and two feeder container vessels). The impairment charge arose in the year ended December 31, 2020, as a result of revised
future cashflow estimates following uncertainty over future demand combined with negative implications for global trade of dry
bulk commodities as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into agreements to sell seven Handysize bulk carriers to an
unrelated party based in Asia. The vessels were delivered to the buyer in the fourth quarter of 2021 and the Company
recognized a net gain on disposal of $39.3 million. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold five offshore support vessels and recorded a net gain of $0.9
million in connection with the disposals. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets). Four of these vessels were accounted for as
operating leases within Vessels and Equipment, net, and the other one was accounted for as a direct financing lease. (Refer to
Note 17: Investment in Direct Financing, Sales-Type and Leaseback Assets). No vessel disposals took place in the year ended
December 31, 2019.
F-30
In 2018, the Company had entered into a restructuring agreement with subsidiaries of Solstad, whereby the Company would
receive 50% of the agreed charter hire for two of the offshore support vessels. All other contracted charter hire income earned
from fixed assets and direct financing lease assets was to be deferred until the end of 2019. In April 2019, Solship announced
that a Standstill Agreement had been entered into with, amongst others, the Company whereby 100% of charter hire for vessels
on charter to Solship was to be deferred. Solship announced that the Standstill Agreement had been extended until March 31,
2020, subject to agreed milestones being met throughout the suspension period. During the year ended December 31, 2019, all
the vessels were impaired as described above. In October 2020, Solstad held an extraordinary general meeting (“EGM”) to
approve its proposed debt restructuring to partly compensate stakeholders for prior losses incurred in connection with their
failure to meet obligations on certain loans and lease agreements. SFL received 4.4 million shares in Solstad and cash
compensation of NOK10 million ($1.1 million) which is included in other financial items. The shares were subsequently sold
by the Company and a gain on the sale of shares of $2.6 million was recorded in the Statement of Operations in the year ended
December 31, 2020. (Refer to Note 11: Investment in Debt and Equity Securities).
Acquisitions, disposals and impairments in respect of vessels accounted for as sales-type leases, direct financing leases,
leaseback assets and vessels under finance leases are discussed in Note 17: Investment in Sales-Type Leases, Direct Financing
Leases and Leaseback Assets and Note 15: Vessels under Finance Lease, net.
14.
NEWBUILDINGS AND VESSEL PURCHASE DEPOSITS
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company paid total installments of $14.9 million in relation to two dual-fuel
7,000 Car Equivalent Unit ("CEU") newbuilding car carriers, currently under construction. The vessels are expected to be
delivered in 2023 and will immediately commence a 10-year period time charter with Volkswagen Group.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company paid total installments of $31.2 million in relation to another two
dual-fuel 7,000 CEU newbuilding car carriers, currently under construction. The vessels are expected to be delivered in 2024
and will immediately commence a 10-year period time charter with Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd. (“K Line”).
Also during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company paid a deposit of $11.0 million in connection with the acquisition
of two Suezmax tankers. The vessels were delivered in January and February 2022 and immediately commenced a 5-year
period time charter with Trafigura Maritime Logistics Pte. Ltd (“Trafigura”). (See Note 30: Subsequent Events).
There were no amounts recognized in relation to newbuildings and vessel purchase deposits as of December 31, 2020.
15.
VESSELS UNDER FINANCE LEASE, NET
Movements in the year ended December 31, 2021 summarized as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Depreciation
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Cost
777,939
—
777,939
Accumulated
Depreciation
Vessels under Finance
Lease, net
(80,559)
(41,308)
(121,867)
697,380
(41,308)
656,072
As of December 31, 2021, seven vessels were accounted for as vessels under finance lease, made up of four 14,000 TEU
container vessels and three 10,600 TEU container vessels. The vessels are leased back for an original term ranging from six to
11 years, with options to purchase each vessel after six years.
Total depreciation expense for vessels under finance lease amounted to $41.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021
and is included in depreciation in the consolidated statements of operations. (2020: $40.0 million; 2019: $36.1 million).
F-31
16.
OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS
Other long term assets comprise the following items:
(in thousands of $)
Capital improvements in progress
Collateral deposits on swap agreements
Value of acquired charter-out contracts, net
Other
Total other long-term assets
2021
591
10,368
7,607
566
19,132
2020
10,099
398
10,503
961
21,961
Capital improvements in progress comprises of advances paid and costs incurred in respect of vessel upgrades in relation to
EGCS and BWTS on three vessels (2020: 11 vessels). This is recorded in other long term assets until such time as the
equipment is installed on a vessel, at which point it is transferred to "Vessels and equipment, net" or "Investment in sales-type
leases and direct financing leases". In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company transferred costs of $14.4 million in
respect of 10 vessels (2020: $52.7 million in respect of 16 vessels) to "Vessels and equipment, net".
During 2019, the Company agreed to fund EGCS installations on three 10,600 TEU container vessels. The installation of EGCS
was completed in the year ended December 31, 2020 and costs of $22.9 million in respect of these vessels were transferred to
'Vessels under finance lease, net'.
During 2018, the Company purchased four container vessels, Thalassa Mana, Thalassa Tyhi, Thalassa Doxa and Thalassa Axia
with pre-existing time charters to Evergreen. A value of $18.0 million was assigned to these charters in 2018. In the year ended
December 31, 2021 the amortization charged to time charter revenue was $2.9 million (2020: $2.9 million; 2019: $2.9 million).
Other long term assets previously included $1.9 million in receivables relate to loan notes due from third parties arising from
the early termination of charters. Following the adoption of ASU 2016-13 from January 1, 2020, the Company recognized a
credit loss provision totaling $1.9 million against this long term receivables balance thereby resulting in a net balance of $0.0
million as of December 31, 2020. There was no movement to the foregoing during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Collateral deposits exist on our interest rate, cross currency interest rate and cross currency swaps. Further amounts may be
called upon during the term of the swaps if interest rates or currency rates move adversely.
17.
INVESTMENTS IN SALES-TYPE LEASES, DIRECT FINANCING LEASES AND LEASEBACK ASSETS
Following the adoption of ASU 2016-02 from January 2019, the Company records new and modified leases as per ASC 842.
The Company has elected the practical expedient to not reassess existing leases. The adoption of the standard resulted in no
opening balance adjustments. See also Accounting policies within Note 2.
(in thousands of $)
Investments in sales-type and direct financing leases
Investments in leaseback assets
2021
147,230
57,536
204,766
2020
592,102
85,441
677,543
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a total of 12 vessel charters accounted for as sales-type and direct financing leases
(2020: 28 vessels) and one vessel charter classified as leaseback assets (2020: four vessels).
F-32
Investments in sales-type and direct financing leases
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had two VLCC crude tankers accounted for as direct financing leases (2020: two
VLCCs). These vessels are on charter to Frontline Shipping Limited ("Frontline Shipping") on long-term, fixed rate time
charters which spans an average term of approximately five years as of December 31, 2021. Frontline Shipping is a wholly
owned subsidiary of Frontline, a related party. The terms of the charters do not provide Frontline Shipping with an option to
terminate the charters before the end of their terms. During the year ended December 31, 2019, these VLCC crude tankers,
Front Energy and Front Force underwent EGCS installations. Costs of $4.2 million were capitalized to the net investment in
lease balance of the two vessels, which represents a 50% share of joint costs with Frontline Shipping.
The VLCC Front Hakata was sold to an unrelated third party in February 2020. A gain on sale of $1.4 million was recognized
in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets and Note 25: Related Party
Transactions).
The Company owned one offshore supply vessel accounted for as a direct financing lease which was chartered on a long-term
bareboat charter. In February 2020, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Agreement to sell the offshore support vessel
Sea Leopard for recycling to Green Yard AS, an unrelated third party. The vessel was delivered in May 2020. During the year
ended December 31, 2020 the Company recorded an impairment loss of $0.2 million (2019: $5.0 million) prior to disposal and
a loss on sale of $0.03 million was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of
Assets and Note 25: Related Party Transaction).
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 15 container vessels accounted for as direct financing leases which were chartered
on long-term bareboat charters to MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. ("MSC"). The terms of the charters for the 15
container vessels provided the charterer with purchase options throughout the term of the charters and the Company with a put
option at the end of the seven years charter period. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the 15 container vessels were
sold and redelivered to MSC, following exercise of the applicable purchase options. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had 10 (2020: 10) container vessels accounted for as a sales-type leases, all of which
are on long-term bareboat charters to MSC. The terms of the charters for the 10 container vessels provide the charterer with a
minimum fixed price purchase obligation at the expiry of each of the charters.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, seven 4,100 TEU container vessels, with a total net book value of $67.2 million,
were reclassified from Vessels and Equipment net, to Investment in Sales-Type Leases. The reclassification occurred as a result
of amendments to the existing charter contracts. Pursuant to each amended contract, the charterer has a fixed price purchase
obligation at the expiry of the additional five year charter period. (Refer to Note 13: Vessels and Equipment, net).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized the amount of $361.0 million in investments in direct
financing leases in respect of one drilling unit (West Linus) which is held by a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (SFL
Linus Ltd) and leased to a subsidiary of Seadrill. SFL Linus Ltd was previously determined to be a variable interest entity in
which the Company was not the primary beneficiary and the subsidiary was accounted for under the equity method. Following
changes to the financing agreement in October 2020 as a result of defaults by Seadrill, the Company was determined to be the
primary beneficiary of SFL Linus Ltd and consolidates it from this date. On March 9, 2021, the applicable bankruptcy court
approved the Interim Funding and Settlement Agreement signed between the Company and Seadrill, allowing Seadrill to pay
reduced charter hire for West Linus during the interim period. The change in charter rate met the definition of a modification
resulting in the lease being reclassified from a direct financing lease to an operating lease. A carrying value of $355.6 million
was included in vessels and equipment in respect of the rig. (Refer to Note 13: Vessels and Equipment, net and Note 18:
Investment in Associated Companies).
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through
its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. On
December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. Following
the sale of River Box, the investments in the four container vessels accounted for as direct financing leases of $540.9 million
have been derecognized from the consolidated financial statements of the Company. (Refer to Note 9: Gain on Sale of
Subsidiaries and Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
F-33
Investments in leaseback assets
When a sale and leaseback transaction does not qualify for sale accounting, the Company does not recognize the transferred
vessels and instead accounts for the purchase as a leaseback asset.
In May 2020, SFL acquired a newbuild VLCC from Landbridge Universal Limited ("Landbridge") where control was not
deemed to have passed to the Company due to the presence of repurchase options in the lease on acquisition and therefore was
classified as a leaseback asset. Upon delivery, the vessel immediately commenced a seven year bareboat charter back to
Landbridge. The charterer has purchase options throughout the term of the charters and there is a purchase obligation at the end
of the seven-year period.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company acquired six vessels where control was not deemed to have passed to
the Company due to the existence of repurchase options in the leases on acquisition. These have therefore been classified as
'leaseback assets'. These comprised of three second-hand feeder size container vessels which were acquired in a purchase and
leaseback with subsidiaries of MSC. The vessels were chartered back for approximately six years on bareboat basis. The
charterer had purchase options throughout the term of the charters and the Company had a put option at the end of the six-year
period. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the three container vessels were sold and redelivered to MSC, following
exercise of the applicable purchase options. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
Additionally, the Company entered into purchase and leaseback transactions to acquire three newbuilding VLCC crude oil
tankers. The vessels were acquired from an affiliate of Hunter Group ASA ("Hunter Group") and leased back to the Hunter
Group on five year bareboat charters. During the year ended December 31, 2020, SFL redelivered all three VLCCs to the
Hunter Group, following exercise of options. Net proceeds of $176.2 million were received and debt of $142.5 million was
repaid. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
The following lists the components of investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets as of
December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
(in thousands of $)
December 31, 2021
Total minimum lease payments to be received
Less: amounts representing estimated executory costs including profit thereon,
included in total minimum lease payments
Net minimum lease payments receivable
Estimated residual values of leased property (un-guaranteed)
Less: unearned income
Total investment in sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback
assets
Allowance for expected credit losses*
Total investment in sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback
assets
Current portion
Long-term portion
Sales-Type
Leases and
Direct
Financing
Leases
Leaseback
Assets
Total
120,411
43,103
163,514
(34,128)
86,283
79,621
—
(34,128)
43,103
31,500
129,386
111,121
(17,532)
(16,946)
(34,478)
148,372
57,657
206,029
(1,142)
(121)
(1,263)
147,230
18,436
128,794
57,536
204,766
5,048
23,484
52,488
181,282
F-34
(in thousands of $)
December 31, 2020
Total minimum lease payments to be received
Less: amounts representing estimated executory costs including profit
thereon, included in total minimum lease payments
Net minimum lease payments receivable
Estimated residual values of leased property (un-guaranteed)
Less: unearned income
Total investment in sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback
assets
Allowance for expected credit losses*
Total investment in sales-type lease, direct financing lease and leaseback
assets
Current portion
Long-term portion
*See Note 27: Allowance for Expected Credit Losses.
Sales-Type
Leases and
Direct
Financing
Leases
Leaseback
Assets
Total
705,196
79,786
784,982
(40,698)
664,498
79,621
—
(40,698)
79,786
31,500
744,284
111,121
(147,876)
(25,596)
(173,472)
596,243
85,690
681,933
(4,141)
(249)
(4,390)
592,102
45,888
546,214
85,441
677,543
9,532
55,420
75,909
622,123
The minimum future gross revenues to be received under the Company's non-cancellable sales type leases, direct financing
leases and leaseback assets as of December 31, 2021, are as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Year ending December 31,
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Sales-Type
Leases and
Direct
Financing
Leases
29,264
29,088
25,519
19,341
14,400
2,799
Leaseback
Assets
8,942
8,162
7,686
7,665
7,665
2,983
Total
38,206
37,250
33,205
27,006
22,065
5,782
Total minimum lease payments to be received
120,411
43,103
163,514
The above minimum lease revenues includes $74.8 million related to the two VLCCs leased to Frontline Shipping as of
December 31, 2021. (See Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
Interest income earned on investments in direct financing leases, sales type leases and leaseback assets in the year ended
December 31, 2021 was as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Investments in sales type and direct financing leases*
Investments in leaseback assets
Total
2021
14,173
5,351
19,524
2020
57,579
13,637
71,216
2019
56,764
3,556
60,320
* Interest income earned on investments in sales-type leases and direct financing leases in the above table includes $1.5 million
in relation to Frontline Shipping, a related party (2020: $1.7 million; 2019: $3.8 million).
F-35
18.
INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES
The Company has, and has had, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries which are accounted for using the equity method of
accounting, as it has been determined under ASC 810 that they are variable interest entities in which SFL is not the primary
beneficiary.
As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company had the following participation in investments that are recorded using
the equity method:
River Box Holding Inc.
SFL Deepwater Ltd
SFL Hercules Ltd
SFL Linus Ltd
2021
49.90 %
*
*
*
2020
49.90 %
*
100.00 %
*
2019
†
100.00 %
100.00 %
100.00 %
† River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. River Box holds investments in direct financing
leases, through its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and
MSC Reef. On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related
party. A gain of $1.9 million was recognized in the Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 in relation
to the disposal. (See Note 9: Gain on Sale of Subsidiaries). The Company has accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in
River Box using the equity method.
* SFL Hercules Ltd ("SFL Hercules") and SFL Linus Ltd ("SFL Linus") each own the drilling units West Hercules and West
Linus respectively. These units are leased to subsidiaries of Seadrill, a related party. SFL Deepwater Ltd ("SFL Deepwater")
owned the drilling unit West Taurus, which was also on charter to a subsidiary of Seadrill until the first quarter of 2021.
Because the main assets of SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and SFL Linus were the subject of leases which each include both
fixed price call options and a fixed price purchase obligation or put option, they were previously determined to be variable
interest entities in which the Company was not the primary beneficiary.
In September 2017, Seadrill announced that it has entered into a restructuring agreement (the “2017 Restructuring Plan”) with
more than 97% of its secured bank lenders, approximately 40% of its bondholders and a consortium of investors led by its
largest shareholder, Hemen, who is also the largest shareholder in the Company. The Company, SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules
and SFL Linus also entered into the 2017 Restructuring Plan, which was implemented by way of prearranged Chapter 11 cases.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, Seadrill publicly disclosed that they had appointed financial and legal advisors to
evaluate comprehensive restructuring alternatives to reduce debt service costs and overall indebtedness. In September and
October 2020, Seadrill failed to pay hire when due under the leases for the three drilling units. The overdue hires along with
certain other events, constituted an event of default under such leases and the related financing agreements. Under the terms of
the leases, charter payment from the sub-charterers of West Hercules and West Linus, were paid into accounts pledged to SFL
and its financing banks. During November and December 2020, Seadrill and SFL entered into forbearance and funds
withdrawal agreements during which Seadrill was allowed to use certain funds received from the sub-charterers to pay
operating expenses for the rigs in exchange for the Company being paid approximately 65 -75% of the existing contracted lease
hire related to the West Hercules and the West Linus. Any hire received by Seadrill relating to the sub-charters on these two rigs
in excess of the withdrawn amounts remained in Seadrill’s earnings accounts pledged to SFL.
In February 2021, Seadrill and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the Southern District of Texas. SFL and certain
of its subsidiaries have entered into court approved interim agreements with Seadrill relating to two of the Company’s drilling
rigs, West Linus and West Hercules, allowing for the uninterrupted performance of sub-charters to oil majors while the Chapter
11 process was ongoing. Pursuant to these agreements, Seadrill will be allowed to use funds received from the respective sub-
charterers to pay a fixed level of operating and maintenance expenses in additional to general and administrative costs. In
exchange, SFL will receive approximately 65 - 75% of the lease hire under the existing charter agreements for West Linus and
West Hercules. Any excess amounts paid pursuant to the above referenced sub-charters will remain in Seadrill's earnings
accounts, that are pledged to SFL and its financing banks.
F-36
In August 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules. Under the amendment agreement with
Seadrill, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major until the second half of 2022 (the “charter period”),
prior to being redelivered to SFL in Norway. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, SFL has agreed to receive bareboat hire of
(i) approximately $64,700 per day until Seadrill emerges from Chapter 11 and its plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) is
confirmed by the court (the “Emergence Date”), and (ii) following the Emergence Date, approximately $60,000 per day while
the rig is employed under a contract and generating revenues for Seadrill and approximately $40,000 in all other scenarios,
including when the rig is idle or undergoing mobilization or demobilization. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, Seadrill has
agreed to fund the mobilization and demobilization of the rig, which is expected to occur during the charter period. Seadrill
obtained bankruptcy court approval of the amendment agreement on August 27, 2021, which was a condition precedent to the
effectiveness to the amendment agreement. Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s
limited corporate guarantee of the outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83.1 million.
Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged earnings account at the time of
redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill.
Following these amendments, SFL Hercules is in compliance with its debt covenants.
On October 26, 2021, Seadrill announced that its plan of reorganization was confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the
Southern District of Texas. On February 22, 2022, Seadrill announced that it has emerged from its Chapter 11 process after
successfully completing its reorganization.
In February 2022, the Company agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the harsh environment
jack-up drilling rig West Linus. The rig was delivered in 2014, and is currently operated by a subsidiary of Seadrill and
employed on a long-term drilling contract with ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS (“ConocoPhillips”) in the North Sea until the
fourth quarter of 2028.
The Company, Seadrill and ConocoPhillips reached an agreement in which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is
expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of the subsidiaries of the Company, upon the new operator receiving
necessary regulatory approvals. Upon effective assignment of the drilling contract, SFL will receive charter hire from the rig
and pay for operating and management expenses.
SFL has simultaneously entered into an agreement for the operational management of the rig with a subsidiary of Odfjell
Drilling Ltd. (“Odfjell”), a leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from
Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Until the approvals are in place, Seadrill will continue the existing charter arrangements for a period of up to approximately
nine months. The bareboat charter rate from Seadrill in this transition period will be approximately $55,000 per day.
For a discussion of certain operating, environmental and other risks relating to the rigs, please refer to the risk factors section
(See Item 3D).
The lease to West Taurus was rejected by the court in March 2021 and the rig was redelivered by Seadrill to SFL in the second
quarter of 2021. In March 2021, the Company signed an agreement for the recycling of the rig at a facility in Turkey and
delivered the rig to the recycling facility in September 2021. The asset was derecognized on disposal and a net loss of
$0.6 million was recorded in relation to the recycling of the rig. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets).
During the year ended December 31, 2021, and following amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan facility
agreements, SFL Hercules was determined to no longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August 27, 2021
when the amendments were approved by the applicable bankruptcy court. With regards to SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater, the
Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of the two subsidiaries in October 2020, following changes to their
financing agreements and as a result of defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, from October 2020 these two subsidiaries were
consolidated by the Company as explained further below.
F-37
SFL Deepwater is a 100% owned subsidiary of SFL, incorporated in 2008 for the purpose of holding two ultra-deepwater
drilling rigs and leasing those rigs to Seadrill Deepwater Charterer Ltd. and Seadrill Offshore AS, fully guaranteed by their
parent company Seadrill. In June 2013, SFL Deepwater transferred one of the rigs and the corresponding lease to SFL Hercules
(see below). Following the transfer, SFL Deepwater held one ultra-deepwater drilling rig which was leased to Seadrill
Deepwater Charterer Ltd until March 2021. As described above, the rig was sold for recycling during the year ended
December 31, 2021. In October 2013, SFL Deepwater entered into a $390 million five-year term loan and revolving credit
facility with a syndicate of banks, which was used in November 2013 to refinance the previous loan facility. In connection with
a Restructuring Plan in 2017, certain amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of
the final maturity date by four years. In October 2020, the Company repurchased the total debt outstanding under the facility of
$176.1 million for $110.0 million and recognized a gain on debt extinguishment of $66.1 million. As of December 31, 2021, the
balance outstanding under the facility was $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million).
SFL Linus is a 100% owned subsidiary of SFL, acquired in 2013 from NADL, a related party. SFL Linus holds a harsh
environment jack-up drilling rig which was delivered from the shipyard in February 2014 and immediately leased to North
Atlantic Linus Charterer Ltd., fully guaranteed by its parent company NADL. NADL is now a subsidiary of Seadrill. In October
2013, SFL Linus entered into a $475 million five-year term loan and revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks to partly
finance the acquisition of the rig. The facility was drawn in February 2014. In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan,
certain amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four
years. In October 2020, the Company agreed to fully guarantee the facility and the balance outstanding under this facility of
$216.0 million was consolidated by the Company together with the other assets and liabilities of SFL Linus.
SFL Hercules is a 100% owned subsidiary of SFL, incorporated in 2012 for the purpose of holding an ultra-deepwater drilling
rig and leasing that rig to Seadrill Offshore AS, fully guaranteed by its parent company Seadrill. The rig was transferred,
together with the corresponding lease, to SFL Hercules from SFL Deepwater in June 2013. The rig is chartered on a bareboat
basis and the terms of the charter provide the charterer with various call options to acquire the rig at certain dates throughout the
charter. In addition, there is an obligation for the charterer to purchase the rig at a fixed price at the end of the charter, which
originally expired in November 2023. In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan, the lease has been extended by 13
months until December 2024. In May 2013, SFL Hercules entered into a $375 million six-year term loan and revolving credit
facility with a syndicate of banks to partly finance its acquisition of the rig from SFL Deepwater. The facility was drawn in
June 2013. In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan, certain amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan
facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four years. In the year ended December 31, 2021, and following
amendments to the bareboat charter and loan facility agreements, SFL Hercules was determined to no longer be a variable
interest entity and the balance outstanding under this facility as of August 27, 2021 of $175.0 million was consolidated by the
Company together with the other assets and liabilities of SFL Hercules.
Summarized balance sheet information of the Company's equity method investees is as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Share presented
Current assets
Non-current assets
Total assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities (1)
Total liabilities
Total stockholders' equity (2)
As of December 31, 2021
TOTAL
River Box
13,987
247,361
261,348
13,242
231,471
244,713
16,635
49.90 %
13,987
247,361
261,348
13,242
231,471
244,713
16,635
F-38
(in thousands of $)
Share presented
Current assets
Non-current assets
Total assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities (1)
Total liabilities
Total stockholders' equity (2)
As of December 31, 2020
TOTAL
River Box
SFL Hercules
49.90 %
100.00 %
34,763
513,918
548,681
199,255
322,129
521,384
27,297
12,475
258,865
271,340
12,569
243,219
255,788
15,552
22,288
255,053
277,341
186,686
78,910
265,596
11,745
(1) River Box non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2021, include $45.0 million due to SFL. (See Note 25: Related Party
Transactions). As of December 31, 2020 River Box and SFL Hercules non-current liabilities include $45.0 million and
$78.9 million respectively. (See Note 25: Related Party Transactions).
(2) In the year ended December 31, 2021, River Box paid a dividend of $2.2 million to the Company, whilst SFL Hercules did
not pay any dividends. In 2020 and 2019, the Company did not receive any dividends from its associates.
Summarized statement of operations information of the Company's equity method investees is shown below.
(in thousands of $)
Operating revenues
Net operating revenues
Net income (3)
(in thousands of $)
Operating revenues
Net operating revenues
Net income (3)
(in thousands of $)
Operating revenues
Net operating revenues
Net income (3)
Year ended December 31, 2021
TOTAL
33,868
26,652
4,194
River Box
20,115
20,094
3,267
SFL Hercules
13,753
6,558
927
Year ended December 31, 2020
TOTAL
45,573
45,532
4,286
River Box
—
—
—
SFL
Deepwater
11,835
11,892
(6,002)
SFL
Hercules
15,072
15,050
3,827
Year ended December 31, 2019
TOTAL
64,142
64,142
17,054
River Box
—
—
—
SFL
Deepwater
18,966
18,966
4,346
SFL
Hercules
18,378
18,378
3,622
SFL
Linus
18,666
18,590
6,461
SFL
Linus
26,798
26,798
9,086
(3) The net income of River Box and SFL Hercules for the year ended December 31, 2021, includes interest payable to SFL
amounting to $4.6 million and $2.4 million respectively. The net income of River Box, SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and
SFL Linus for 2020 includes interest payable to SFL amounting to $0.0 million, $3.8 million (2019: $5.1 million), $3.6
million (2019: $3.6 million), and $4.5 million (2019: $5.4 million), respectively. (See Note 25: Related Party
Transactions).
As required by ASU 2016-13 'Financial Instruments - Credit Losses' from January 2020, the associated companies recognized
an allowance for expected credit losses in respect of their principal financial assets: 'Investment in direct financing leases' and
'Related party receivable balances', held at the reporting date, which are within the scope of the ASU.
F-39
Movements in the year ended December 31, 2021, in the allowance for expected credit losses can be summarized as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Share presented
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Reclassification to owned vessels within the associate
Transferred from associates
Allowance recorded in net income of associated company
Balance as of December 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2021
TOTAL
River Box
SFL Hercules
3,421
(1,896)
(569)
(560)
396
49.90 %
786
—
—
(390)
396
2,635
(1,896)
(569)
(170)
—
As indicated in Note 2: 'Accounting Policies', the allowance for expected credit losses is based on an analysis of factors
including the credit rating assigned to the lessee, Seadrill, management's assessment of current and expected conditions in the
offshore drilling market and calculated collateral exposure.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, River Box paid a dividend of $2.2 million to the Company whilst SFL Hercules did not
pay any dividends. In 2020 and 2019, River Box, SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and SFL Linus did not pay any dividends.
19.
ACCRUED EXPENSES
(in thousands of $)
Vessel operating expenses
Administrative expenses
Interest expense
20.
OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
(in thousands of $)
Deferred and prepaid charter revenue
Employee taxes
Other items
2021
11,278
1,626
6,890
19,794
2021
21,505
35
1,206
22,746
2020
12,841
1,603
6,616
21,060
2020
15,156
34
895
16,085
F-40
21.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
(in thousands of $)
Long-term debt:
5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2023
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due 2025
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
Lease debt financing
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
U.S. dollar denominated floating rate debt due through 2029
Total debt principal
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
Less: current portion of long-term debt
Total long-term debt
The outstanding debt as of December 31, 2021, is repayable as follows:
2021
2020
—
79,507
137,900
78,939
61,334
150,000
126,955
15,639
1,253,481
1,903,755
212,230
81,572
139,900
80,989
62,927
—
—
15,639
1,070,137
1,663,394
(14,541)
(14,325)
(302,769)
(484,956)
1,586,445
1,164,113
Year ending December 31,
(in thousands of $)
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Total debt principal
Interest rate information
302,769
672,974
350,226
304,687
170,247
102,852
1,903,755
Weighted average interest rate*
US Dollar LIBOR
Norwegian Interbank Offered Rate ("NIBOR")
December 31, 2021
2.68 %
December 31, 2020
2.91 %
0.21 %
0.95 %
0.24 %
0.49 %
*The weighted average interest rate is for floating rate debt denominated in U.S. dollars and Norwegian kroner (“NOK”) which
takes into consideration the effect of related interest rate swaps.
$171 million secured term loan facility
In May 2011, eight wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $171 million secured loan facility with a
syndicate of banks, secured against a 1,700 TEU container vessel and seven Handysize dry bulk carriers. The 1,700 TEU
container vessel was sold in May 2018 and the facility then related to the remaining seven vessels. The facility was supported
by China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation, or SINOSURE, which provided an insurance policy in favor of the banks for
part of the outstanding loan. The facility bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and had a term of approximately 10 years from
delivery of each vessel. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the seven Handysize dry bulk carriers were sold. Two of the
vessels were delivered in October 2021 and five were delivered in December 2021 and the facility was fully repaid. The net
amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $0.0 million (2020: $53.2 million).
F-41
$45 million secured term loan and revolving credit facility
In June 2014, seven wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $45 million secured term loan and revolving
credit facility with a bank, secured against seven 4,100 TEU container vessels. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a
margin and has a term of five years. During June 2019, the terms of loan were amended and the loan was extended by a further
two years. During June 2021 the terms of the loan were further amended and the loan was extended by a further four years. As
of December 31, 2021, the available amount under the revolving part of the facility was $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million). The
net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $42.5 million (2020: $45.0 million).
$20 million secured term loan facility
In September 2014, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $20 million secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against two 5,800 TEU container vessels. The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of
five years. In September 2019, the terms of the loan were amended and restated, and the facility now matures in March 2024.
The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $15.6 million (2020: $17.3 million).
$39 million secured term loan facility
In December 2014, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $39 million secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against two Kamsarmax dry bulk carriers. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this
facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately eight years. The net amount outstanding
as of December 31, 2021, was $19.4 million (2020: $21.8 million).
$166.4 million secured term loan facility
In July 2015, eight wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $166.4 million secured term loan facility with a
syndicate of banks, secured against eight Capesize dry bulk carriers. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee
for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of seven years. The net amount outstanding as of
December 31, 2021 was $76.3 million (2020: $90.1 million).
$210 million secured term loan facility
In November 2015, three wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $210 million secured term loan facility with
a syndicate of banks, to partly finance the acquisition of three container vessels, against which the facility is secured. One of the
vessels was delivered in 2015, and the remaining two vessels were delivered in 2016. The Company had provided a limited
corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of five years from the delivery
of each vessel. In November 2020 the portion of the facility relating to one subsidiary matured, and the outstanding debt of
$49.2 million was repaid in full. In February and April 2021 the portions of the facility relating to the remaining two
subsidiaries matured and the facility was repaid in full. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $0.0 million
(2020: $99.5 million).
5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
On October 5, 2016, the Company issued a senior unsecured convertible bond loan totaling $225 million. Interest on the bonds
was fixed at 5.75% per annum and was payable in cash quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15.
The bonds were convertible into SFL Corporation Ltd. common shares and matured on October 15, 2021. At this date the
Company redeemed the full outstanding amount of $144.7 million. The initial conversion rate at the time of issuance was
56.2596 common shares per $1,000 bond, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $17.7747 per share. The
conversion rate was adjusted for dividends in excess of $0.225 per common share per quarter. Since the issuance, dividend
distributions had increased the conversion rate to 65.8012 common shares per $1,000 bond, equivalent to a conversion price of
approximately $15.20 per share at the maturity of the bond. The conversion right was not worth more than par value of the
instrument and the bonds were fully satisfied in cash without any conversion into shares having taken place. In the year ended
December 31, 2021 the Company purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling $67.6 million (2020: $0.0 million). A loss of
$0.9 million was recorded on the transaction (2020: $0.0 million). The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was
$0.0 million (2020: $212.2 million).
In conjunction with the bond issue, the Company loaned up to 8,000,000 of its common shares to an affiliate of one of the
underwriters of the issue, in order to assist investors in the bonds to hedge their position. The shares that were lent by the
Company were initially borrowed from Hemen, the largest shareholder of the Company, for a one-time loan fee of $120,000. In
November 2016, the Company issued 8,000,000 new shares, to replace the shares borrowed from Hemen and received $80,000
from Hemen upon the return of the borrowed shares. In December 2021, after the bond was redeemed, the loaned shares were
transferred to another party under a general share lending agreement. (See Note 23: Share Capital, Additional Paid-In Capital
and Contributed Surplus).
F-42
As required by ASC 470-20 "Debt with conversion and Other Options", the Company calculated the equity component of the
convertible bond, taking into account both the fair value of the conversion option and the fair value of the share lending
arrangement. The equity component was valued at $4.6 million at issuance and this amount was recorded as "Additional paid-in
capital", with a corresponding adjustment to "Deferred charges", which are amortized to "Interest expense" over the appropriate
period. The amortization of this item amounted to $0.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: $0.8 million). As a
result of the purchase of bonds with principal amounts totaling $67.6 million (2020: $0.0 million), a total of $0.4 million (2020:
$0.0 million) was allocated as the reacquisition of the equity component. The balance remaining in equity as of December 31,
2021 was $3.6 million (2020: $4.0 million).
$76 million secured term loan facility
In August 2017, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $76 million secured term loan facility with a
bank, secured against two product tankers. The two product tankers were delivered in August 2017. The Company has provided
a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of seven years. As of
December 31, 2021, the net amount outstanding was $53.9 million (2020: $59.1 million).
4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
On April 23, 2018, the Company issued a senior unsecured convertible bond totaling $150 million. Additional bonds were
issued on May 4, 2018 at a principal amount of $14.0 million. Interest on the bonds is fixed at 4.875% per annum and is
payable in cash quarterly in arrears on February 1, May 1, August 1 and November 1. The bonds are convertible into SFL
Corporation Ltd. common shares and mature on May 1, 2023. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $137.9
million (2020: $139.9 million). The initial conversion rate at the time of issuance was 52.8157 common shares per $1,000 bond,
equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $18.93 per share. Since the issuance, dividend distributions have increased
the conversion rate to 77.5267 common shares per $1,000 bond, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $12.90 per
share. Based on the closing price of our common stock of $8.15 on December 31, 2021, the if-converted value was less than the
principal amounts by $52.5 million. In January 2021, the Company purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling $2.0
million (2020: $8.4 million). A gain of $0.2 million was recorded on the transaction (2020: gain of $0.3 million).
In conjunction with the bond issue, the Company agreed to loan up to 7,000,000 of its common shares to affiliates of the
underwriters of the issue, in order to assist investors in the bonds to hedge their position. As of December 31, 2021, a total of
3,765,842 shares were issued from up to 7,000,000 shares issuable under a share lending arrangement.
As required by ASC 470-20 "Debt with conversion and Other Options", the Company calculated the equity component of the
convertible bond, taking into account both the fair value of the conversion option and the fair value of the share lending
arrangement. The equity component was valued at $7.9 million at issuance and this amount was recorded as "Additional paid-in
capital", with a corresponding adjustment to "Deferred charges", which are amortized to "Interest expense" over the appropriate
period. The amortization of this item amounted to $1.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: $1.3 million). As a
result of the purchase of bonds with principal amounts totaling $2.0 million (2020: $8.4 million), a total of $0.1 million (2020:
$0.3 million) was allocated as the reacquisition of the equity component. The balance remaining in equity as of December 31,
2021 was $6.7 million (2020:$6.8 million).
$50 million secured term credit facility
In June 2018, 15 wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $50 million secured term loan facility with a bank,
secured against 15 feeder size container vessels. The 15 feeder size container vessels were delivered in April 2018. The
Company had provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and had a term of
seven years. During the year ended December 31, 2021, purchase options were exercised on the 15 feeder size container
vessels. The vessels were delivered between August and September 2021, and the facility was fully repaid. The net amount
outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $0.0 million (2020: $34.1 million).
NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds due 2023
On September 13, 2018 the Company issued a senior unsecured bond totaling NOK600 million in the Norwegian credit market.
The bonds bear quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and are redeemable in full on September 13, 2023. On July 30, 2019,
the Company conducted a tap issue of NOK100 million under this facility. The bonds were issued at 101.625% of par, and the
new outstanding amount after the tap issue is NOK700 million. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
NOK700 million, equivalent to $79.5 million (2020: NOK700 million, equivalent to $81.6 million).
F-43
$17.5 million secured term loan facility due 2023
In December 2018, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $17.5 million secured term loan facility with
a bank, secured against two Supramax dry bulk carriers. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this
facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net amount outstanding as
of December 31, 2021, was $11.1 million (2020: $12.9 million).
$24.9 million senior secured term loan facility
In February 2019, three wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $24.9 million senior secured term loan
facility with a bank, secured against three Supramax dry bulk carriers. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee
for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net amount
outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $17.7 million (2020: $20.3 million).
$50 million senior secured term loan facility
In February 2019, three wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility
with a bank, secured against three tankers chartered to Frontline Shipping. In 2020, $14.9 million of this facility was repaid
following the sale of one tanker and the facility now relates to the remaining two tankers. The Company has provided a
corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately four years.
The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $35.2 million (2020: $35.2 million).
$29.5 million term loan facility
In March 2019, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $29.5 million term loan facility with a bank,
secured against two car carriers. The Company has provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at
LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
$19.0 million (2020: $23.0 million).
NOK700 million senior unsecured bonds due 2024
On June 4, 2019, the Company issued a senior unsecured bond totaling NOK700 million in the Norwegian credit market. The
bonds bear quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and are redeemable in full on June 4, 2024. In March 2020, the Company
purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling NOK5 million equivalent to $0.5 million. A gain of $0.0 million was recorded
on the transaction. In the year ended December 31, 2021 no bonds were purchased. The net amount outstanding as of
December 31, 2021 was NOK695 million equivalent to $78.9 million (2020: NOK695 million, equivalent to $81.0 million).
$33.1 million term loan facility
In June 2019, five wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $33.1 million term loan facility with a syndicate of
banks. The Company has provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has
a term of approximately four years. During the year ended December 31, 2020 the five subsidiaries were dissolved and the
facility was assigned to the Company. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $25.3 million (2020: $28.8
million).
NOK600 million senior unsecured bonds due 2025
On January 21, 2020, the Company issued a senior unsecured bond totaling NOK600 million in the Norwegian credit market.
The bonds bear quarterly interest at NIBOR plus a margin and are redeemable in full on January 21, 2025. In February and
March 2020, the Company purchased bonds with principal amounts totaling NOK60 million equivalent to $6.0 million. A gain
of $1.4 million was recorded on the transaction. In the year ended December 31, 2021 no bonds were purchased. The net
amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was NOK540 million equivalent to $61.3 million (2020: NOK540 million,
equivalent to $62.9 million).
$40 million senior secured term loan facility
In March 2020, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $40 million senior secured term loan facility
with a bank, secured against two Suezmax tankers. The Company has provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which
bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately two years. The net amount outstanding as of
December 31, 2021, was $32.9 million (2020: $37.0 million).
F-44
$15 million senior secured term loan facility
In March 2020, three wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $15 million senior secured term loan facility
with a bank, secured against three container vessels. The Company had provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which
bore interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately five years. During the year ended December 31, 2021,
purchase options were exercised on the three container vessels. The vessels were delivered in August 2021, and the facility was
fully repaid. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $0.0 million (2020: $12.8 million).
$175 million term loan facility
In March 2020, four wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $175 million term loan facility with a syndicate
of banks, secured against four 8,700 TEU containerships. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this
facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately five years. The net amount outstanding
as of December 31, 2021, was $146.6 million (2020: $165.5 million).
$50 million senior secured term loan facility
In May 2020, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility with a
bank, bearing interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately five years. The facility is secured against a
308,000 dwt VLCC. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $45.8 million (2020: $48.6 million).
$50 million senior secured credit facility
In November 2020, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $50 million senior secured term loan facility with
a bank, secured against a container vessel. The Company has provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears
interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021, was $45.0 million (2020: $50.0 million).
$51 million term loan facility
In February 2021, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $51 million term loan facility with a bank, secured
against a container vessel. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at
LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
$47.7 million (2020: $0.0 million).
$51 million term loan facility
In April 2021, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $51 million term loan facility with a bank, secured
against a container vessel. The Company has provided a corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR
plus a margin and with a term of approximately four years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was
$48.8 million (2020: $0.0 million).
7.25% senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds due 2026
On May 12, 2021, the Company issued a senior unsecured sustainability-linked bond totaling $150 million in the Nordic credit
market. The bonds bear quarterly interest at a fixed rate of 7.25% per annum and are redeemable in full on May 12, 2026. By
the maturity date of the bond, the Company aims to have committed an amount at least equal to the size of the issue on
upgrades of existing vessels and/or vessel acquisitions. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was
$150.0 million (2020: $0.0 million).
$134 million term loan facility
In September 2021, two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $134 million term loan facility with a bank,
secured against two container vessels. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears
interest at LIBOR plus a margin and with a term of approximately three years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021, was $130.4 million (2020: $0.0 million).
$35 million term loan facility
In December 2021, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a $35 million term loan facility with a bank,
secured against a container vessel. The Company has provided a limited corporate guarantee for this facility, which bears
interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately seven years. The net amount outstanding as of December 31,
2021, was $35.0 million (2020: $0.0 million).
F-45
$107.3 million term loan facility
In December 2021, three wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $107.3 million term loan facility with a
bank, secured against three Suezmax tankers. As of December 31, 2021, only one of the three vessels had been delivered and
the portion of the facility relating to that vessel had been drawn down. The Company has provided a limited corporate
guarantee for this facility, which bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin and has a term of approximately five years. The net
amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was $35.8 million (2020: $0.0 million).
$475 million term loan and revolving credit facility
SFL Linus was consolidated from October 29, 2020. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In October 2013,
SFL Linus entered into a $475 million five-year term loan and revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks to partly
finance the acquisition of the rig. The facility was drawn in February 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2017, certain
amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four years.
In addition, the Company has given the banks a first priority pledge over all shares of SFL Linus and assigned all claims under
a secured loan made by the Company to SFL Linus in favor of the banks. This loan is secured by a second priority mortgage
over the rig which has been assigned to the banks. As of December 31, 2021, the balance outstanding under this facility was
$199.9 million (2020: $216.0 million). The Company fully guaranteed the facility as of December 31, 2021 (2020: fully
guaranteed).
$375 million term loan and revolving credit facility
SFL Hercules was consolidated from August 27, 2021. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In May 2013, SFL
Hercules entered into a $375 million six-year term loan and revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks to partly finance
the acquisition of the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules, previously owned by the wholly owned
subsidiary SFL Deepwater. The facility was drawn in June 2013. In connection with the 2017 Restructuring Plan of Seadrill,
certain amendments were agreed with the banks under the loan facility, including an extension of the final maturity date by four
years. In August 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”)
with subsidiaries of Seadrill for West Hercules, which was approved by the applicable bankruptcy court in September 2021.
Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s limited corporate guarantee of the
outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83.1 million as of December 31, 2021 (2020: $83.1
million). Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged earnings account at the
time of redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill. As of
December 31, 2021, the balance outstanding under this facility was $169.6 million which is now included in consolidated debt.
As of December 31, 2020, the balance outstanding under this facility was $185.8 million and was recorded within a subsidiary
accounted for using the equity method of accounting. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
Lease debt financing
In September 2021, the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company owning the two newly acquired 6,800 TEU container
vessels entered into sale and leaseback transactions for these vessels, via a Japanese Operating Lease with Call Option financing
structure. The sales price for each vessel was $65 million, totaling $130 million. The vessels were leased back for a term of six
years, with options to purchase each vessel at the end of the fifth and sixth year. The transaction did not qualify as a sale and
has been recorded as a financing arrangement. The net amount outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $127.0 million (2020:
$0.0 million). The lease debt financing carries interest at a fixed rate of 2.5% per annum.
Borrowings secured on Frontline shares
As of December 31, 2019, the Company had a forward contract to repurchase 3.4 million shares of Frontline which expired in
June 2020 for $36.8 million. The transaction was accounted for as a secured borrowing, with the shares transferred to
'Marketable securities pledged to creditors' and a liability of $36.8 million recorded within debt as of December 31, 2019.
During the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company repurchased 2.0 million shares subject to the forward contract and
repaid $21.1 million of the secured borrowing.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a forward contract which expired in January of 2022, to repurchase 1.4 million
shares of Frontline at a repurchase price of $16.4 million including accrued interest. This contract has subsequently been rolled
over to July 2022, at a repurchase price of $16.6 million. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a forward contract which
expired in January of 2021, to repurchase 1.4 million shares of Frontline at a repurchase price of $16.2 million. The transaction
has been accounted for as a secured borrowing, with the shares transferred to 'Marketable securities pledged to creditors' and a
liability of $15.6 million (2020: $15.6 million) recorded within debt as of December 31, 2021. The Company is required to post
collateral of 20% of the total repurchase price plus any negative mark to market movement from the repurchase price for the
duration of the agreement. As of December 31, 2021, $8.3 million (2020: $9.0 million) was held as collateral and recorded as
restricted cash.
F-46
The aggregate book value of assets pledged as security against borrowings as of December 31, 2021, was $2,310 million (2020:
$1,864 million).
Agreements related to long-term debt provide limitations on the amount of total borrowings and secured debt, and acceleration
of payment under certain circumstances, including failure to satisfy certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2021, the
Company is in compliance with all of the covenants under its long-term debt facilities.
22.
FINANCE LEASE LIABILITY
(in thousands of $)
Finance lease liability, current portion
Finance lease liability, long-term portion
2021
51,204
472,996
524,200
2020
48,887
524,200
573,087
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through
its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef
which were chartered-in on a bareboat basis, each for a period of 15 years from delivery by the shipyard. The four vessels are
also chartered-out for the same 15-year period on a bareboat basis to MSC, an unrelated party. On December 31, 2020, the
Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. Following the sale of River Box, the
investments in the four container vessels accounted for as direct financing leases of $540.9 million and its related finance lease
liabilities of $464.7 million have been derecognized from the consolidated financial statements of the Company. (Refer to Note
9: Gain on Sale of Subsidiaries and Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
In 2018, the Company acquired four 14,000 TEU container vessels and three 10,600 TEU container vessels, which were
subsequently refinanced with an Asian based financial institution by entering into separate sale and leaseback financing
arrangements. The vessels are leased back for terms ranging from six to 11 years, with options to purchase the vessel after six
years. Due to the terms of the sale and leaseback arrangements, each option is expected to be exercised on the sixth anniversary.
These sale and leaseback transactions were accounted for as vessels under finance leases. (Refer to Note 15: Vessels under
Finance Lease, net).
The Company's future minimum lease liability under the non-cancellable finance leases are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
(in thousands of $)
2022
2023
2024
Thereafter
Total finance lease liability
Less: imputed interest payable
Present value of finance lease liability
Less: current portion
Finance lease liability, long-term portion
74,735
74,735
433,866
—
583,336
(59,136)
524,200
(51,204)
472,996
Interest incurred on the finance lease liability in the year ended December 31, 2021 was $25.8 million (2020: $59.6 million;
2019: $62.8 million).
Following the adoption of ASU 2016-02 from January 2019, the Company records new and modified leases in accordance with
ASC 842. The Company elected the practical expedient to not reassess existing leases. The adoption of the standard resulted in
no opening balance adjustments. See also Note 2: Accounting Policies.
F-47
23.
SHARE CAPITAL, ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL AND CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS
Authorized share capital is as follows:
(in thousands of $, except share data)
300,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each (December 31, 2020: 300,000,000
common shares of $0.01 par value each)
Issued and fully paid share capital is as follows:
(in thousands of $, except share data)
138,551,387 common shares of $0.01 par value each (December 31, 2020: 127,810,064
common shares of $0.01 par value each)
The Company's common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
2021
3,000
2021
1,386
2020
3,000
2020
1,278
On May 1, 2020, SFL filed a registration statement to register the sale of up to 10,000,000 common shares pursuant to the
dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP to facilitate investments by individual and institutional shareholders who wish to invest
dividend payments received on shares owned or other cash amounts, in the Company's common shares on a regular basis, one
time basis or otherwise. If certain waiver provisions in the DRIP are requested and granted pursuant to the terms of the plan,
SFL may grant additional share sales to investors from time to time up to the amount registered under the plan. In May 2020,
the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement with BTIG LLC ("BTIG") under which SFL may, from time to time,
offer and sell new ordinary shares having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $100.0 million through an At-the-Market Sales
Agreement offering ('ATM').
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued and sold 10.7 million shares under these arrangements and total
proceeds of $89.4 million net of costs were received, resulting in a premium on issue of $89.3 million. During the year ended
December 31, 2020, the Company issued and sold 8.4 million shares under these arrangements and total proceeds of
$61.5 million net of costs were received, resulting in a premium on issue of $61.4 million.
In October 2021, the Company redeemed the full outstanding amount under the 5.75% senior unsecured convertible bonds due
2021. The remaining outstanding principal amount of $144.7 million was settled in cash. The bonds were convertible into
common shares. The initial conversion rate at the time of issuance was 56.2596 common shares per $1,000 bond, equivalent to
a conversion price of approximately $17.7747 per share to the share price at the time. Since then, dividend distributions had
increased the conversion rate to 65.8012, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $15.1973 per share, at maturity of
the bond. As required by ASC 470-20 "Debt with conversion and Other Options", the Company calculated the equity
component of the convertible bond, which was valued at $4.6 million and recorded as "Additional paid-in capital". (See Note
21: Short-Term and Long-Term Debt). During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased bonds with
principal amounts totaling $67.6 million (2020: $0.0 million). The equity component of these extinguished bonds was valued at
$0.4 million (2020: $0.0 million) and has been deducted from "Additional paid-in capital".
In November 2016, in relation with the Company's issue in October 2016 of senior unsecured convertible bonds totaling $225
million, the Company issued 8,000,000 new shares of par value $0.01 each. The shares were issued at par value and had been
loaned to an affiliate of one of the underwriters of the bond issue, in order to assist investors in the bonds to hedge their
position. In December 2021, the Company entered into a general share lending agreement with another counterparty and the
8,000,000 shares were transferred into their custody. It was determined that the transaction qualified for equity classification,
and as of the date of inception and as of December 31, 2021 the fair value was determined to be nil.
At the Annual General Meeting of the Company held in August 2020, a resolution was passed to approve an increase of the
Company’s authorized share capital from $2,000,000 equivalent to 200,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each to
$3,000,000 equivalent to 300,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each by the authorization of an additional 100,000,000
common shares of $0.01 par value each.
F-48
The Company made a cash payment of $0.1 million in lieu of issuing shares under the Option Scheme, after the exercise of
129,000 share options in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: 6,869 new shares issued to satisfy 17,500 options exercised
and 2019: 18,246 new shares issued to satisfy 65,000 options exercised). In November 2016, the Board of Directors renewed
the Company's Share Option Scheme (the "Option Scheme"), originally approved in November 2006. The Option Scheme
permits the Board of Directors, at its discretion, to grant options to employees, officers and directors of the Company or its
subsidiaries. The fair value cost of options granted is recognized in the statement of operations, and the corresponding amount
is credited to additional paid in capital (See also Note 24: Share Option Plan).
At the Annual General Meeting of the Company held in September 2018, a resolution was passed to approve an increase of the
Company’s authorized share capital from $1,500,000 divided into 150,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each to
$2,000,000 divided into 200,000,000 common shares of $0.01 par value each by the authorization of an additional 50,000,000
common shares of $0.01 par value each.
In May 2018, the Company issued a total of 4,024,984 new shares as part of the consideration paid for the acquisition of four
2014 built container vessels, each with 14,000 TEU carrying capacity. The vessels are employed under long-term time charters
to an unrelated third party.
In April 2018, the Company issued a total of 3,765,842 new shares of par value $0.01 each from up to 7,000,000 issuable under
a share lending arrangement in relation with the Company's issuance of 4.875% senior unsecured convertible bonds in April
and May 2018. The shares issued have been loaned to affiliates of the underwriters of the bond issue in order to assist investors
in the bonds to hedge their position. The bonds are convertible into common shares and mature on May 1, 2023. As required by
ASC 470-20 "Debt with Conversion and Other Options", the Company calculated the equity component of the convertible
bond, which was valued at $7.9 million at issue date and recorded as "Additional paid-in capital". (See Note 21: Short-Term
and Long-Term Debt). During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased bonds with principal amounts
totaling $2.0 million (2020: $8.4 million). The equity component of these extinguished bonds was valued at $0.1 million (2020:
$0.3 million) and has been deducted from "Additional paid-in capital".
In February 2018, the Company redeemed the full outstanding amount under the 3.25% senior unsecured convertible bonds due
2018. The remaining outstanding principal amount of $63.2 million was paid in cash, and the premium settled in common
shares with the issue of 651,365 new shares.
In October 2017, the Company issued a total of 9,418,798 new shares following separate privately negotiated transactions with
certain holders of the 3.25% senior unsecured convertible bonds due 2018 for the conversion of a principal amount of $121.0
million from the outstanding balance of the convertible bonds.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, $77.6 million of the dividend declared was paid from contributed surplus (2020:
$109.4 million).
24.
SHARE OPTION PLAN
In November 2006, the Board of Directors approved the Company's Share Option Scheme (the "Option Scheme"). The Option
Scheme will expire in November 2026, following the renewal in November 2016. The terms and conditions remain unchanged
from those originally adopted in November 2006 and permits the Board of Directors, at its discretion, to grant options to
employees, officers and directors of the Company or its subsidiaries. The fair value cost of options granted is recognized in the
statement of operations, and the corresponding amount is credited to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2021
additional paid-in capital was credited with $1.0 million relating to the fair value of options granted in April 2018, January
2019, March 2019, February 2020 and May 2021.
In May 2021, the Company awarded a total of 480,000 options to officers, employees and directors, pursuant to the Company's
Share Option Scheme. The options have a five-year term and a three-year vesting period and the first options will be exercisable
from May 2022 onwards. The initial strike price was $8.79 per share.
F-49
The following summarizes share option transactions related to the Option Scheme in 2021, 2020 and 2019:
Options outstanding at beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
2021
2020
2019
Weighted
average
exercise
price $
Weighted
average
exercise
price $
Options
Options
10.56
835,000
10.72
417,500
8.79
350,000
13.45
525,000
7.48
—
(17,500)
(85,000)
8.63
11.02
(65,000)
(42,500)
Options
1,082,500
480,000
(129,000)
—
Options outstanding at end of year
1,433,500
9.65
1,082,500
10.56
835,000
Weighted
average
exercise
price $
11.43
12.19
9.92
11.80
10.72
Exercisable at end of year
578,500
10.02
418,167
9.45
236,167
9.58
The exercise price of each option is progressively reduced by the amount of any dividends declared. The above figures show
the average of the reduced exercise prices at the beginning and end of the year for options then outstanding. For options
granted, exercised or forfeited during the year, the above figures show the average of the exercise prices at the time the options
were granted, exercised or forfeited, as appropriate.
The fair values of options granted are estimated on the date of the grant, using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation
model. The fair values are then expensed over the periods in which the options vest. The weighted average fair value of options
granted in 2021 was $2.87 per share as of grant date (2020: $1.76; 2019: $2.68). The weighted average assumptions used to
calculate the fair values of the new options granted in 2021 were (a) risk free interest rate of 0.33% (2020: 1.40%; 2019:
2.36%); (b) expected share price volatility of 44.6% (2020: 21.6%; 2019: 25.0%); (c) expected dividend yield of 0% (2020: 0%;
2019: 0%) and (d) expected life of options 3.5 years (2020: 2.0 years; 2019: 3.5 years).
The total intrinsic value of 129,000 options exercised in 2021 was $0.1 million on the day of exercise and the Company made a
cash payment of $0.1 million in lieu of issuing shares under the Option Scheme.
The total intrinsic value of 17,500 options exercised in 2020 was $0.2 million on the day of exercise and the Company issued a
total of 6,869 new shares in full satisfaction of this intrinsic value, with no cash exchanges.
The total intrinsic value of 65,000 options exercised in 2019 was $0.3 million on the day of exercise and the Company issued a
total of 18,246 new shares in full satisfaction of this intrinsic value, with no cash exchanges.
As of December 31, 2021, there are 578,500 options fully vested but not exercised (2020: 418,167 options; 2019: 236,167
options) and their intrinsic value amounted to $0.0 million (2020: $0.0 million; 2019: $1.2 million). The weighted average
remaining term of the vested exercisable options is 2.0 years as of December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, the unrecognized compensation costs relating to non-vested options granted under the Option
Scheme was $1.0 million (2020: $0.7 million; 2019: $0.8 million) and their intrinsic value amounted to $0.0 million (2020: $0.0
million; 2019: $2.0 million). This cost will be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, which average 0.9 years (2020:
0.7 years; 2019: 1.3 years).
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a net expense of $1.0 million in compensation cost
relating to the stock options (2020: $0.9 million; 2019: $0.8 million).
F-50
25.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company has had transactions with the following related parties, being companies in which our principal shareholder
Hemen Holding and companies associated with Hemen have, or had, a significant direct or indirect interest:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Frontline
Frontline Shipping
Seadrill
Golden Ocean
Seatankers Management Co. Ltd. (“Seatankers”)
Front Ocean
NorAm Drilling
ADS Maritime Holding
Golden Close
River Box
The Consolidated Balance Sheets include the following amounts due from and to related parties and associated companies,
excluding investment in direct financing lease balances. (Refer to Note 17: Investments in Sales-Type Leases, Direct Financing
Leases and Leaseback Assets).
(in thousands of $)
Amounts due from:
Frontline Shipping
Frontline
Seadrill
Golden Ocean
Seatankers
River Box
Other related parties
Allowance for expected credit losses*
Total amount due from related parties
Loans to related parties - associated companies, long-term
River Box
SFL Hercules
Total loans to related parties - associated companies, long-term
Amounts due to:
Frontline Shipping
Frontline
Golden Ocean
Other related parties
Total amount due to related parties
2021
2020
—
3,633
3,643
4,453
77
5
1
2,875
3,202
3,613
—
—
—
2
(3,255)
8,557
(1,974)
7,718
45,000
†
45,000
45,000
78,910
123,910
1,252
2
36
5
1,295
836
1,826
23
39
2,724
*See Note 3: Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Note 27: Allowance for Expected Credit Losses.
† From August 27, 2021, SFL Hercules ceased to be accounted for as an associate and became consolidated by the Company
(see more details further below).
F-51
River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. It holds investments in direct financing leases, through
its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. On
December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party. Net
proceeds of $17.5 million were received for the shares, resulting in a net gain of $1.9 million on the sale. The Company has
accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in
Associated Companies).
SFL Hercules and SFL Linus Ltd each own the drilling units West Hercules and West Linus respectively. These units are leased
to subsidiaries of Seadrill, a related party. SFL Deepwater owned the drilling unit West Taurus, which was also on charter to a
subsidiary of Seadrill until the first quarter of 2021. Because the main assets of SFL Deepwater, SFL Hercules and SFL Linus
were the subject of leases which each include both fixed price call options and a fixed price purchase obligation or put option,
they were previously determined to be variable interest entities in which the Company was not the primary beneficiary and
therefore accounted for as investments in associated companies. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, Seadrill publicly disclosed that they had appointed financial and legal advisors to
evaluate comprehensive restructuring alternatives to reduce debt service costs and overall indebtedness. In September and
October 2020, Seadrill failed to pay hire when due under the leases for the three drilling units. The overdue hires along with
certain other events, constituted an event of default under such leases and the related financing agreements. Under the terms of
the leases, charter payment from the sub-charterers of West Hercules and West Linus, were paid into accounts pledged to SFL
and its financing banks. During November and December 2020, Seadrill and SFL entered into forbearance and funds
withdrawal agreements during which Seadrill was allowed to use certain funds received from the sub-charterers to pay
operating expenses for the rigs in exchange for the Company being paid approximately 65 -75% of the existing contracted lease
hire related to the West Hercules and the West Linus. Any hire received by Seadrill relating to the sub-charters on these two rigs
in excess of the withdrawn amounts remained in Seadrill’s earnings accounts pledged to SFL.
In February 2021, Seadrill and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the Southern District of Texas. SFL and certain
of its subsidiaries have entered into court approved interim agreements with Seadrill relating to two of the Company’s drilling
rigs, West Linus and West Hercules, allowing for the uninterrupted performance of sub-charters to oil majors while the Chapter
11 process is ongoing. Pursuant to these agreements, Seadrill will be allowed to use funds received from the respective sub-
charterers to pay a fixed level of operating and maintenance expenses in additional to general and administrative costs. In
exchange, SFL will receive approximately 65 - 75% of the lease hire under the existing charter agreements for West Linus and
West Hercules. Any excess amounts paid pursuant to the above referenced sub-charters will remain in Seadrill's earnings
accounts, that are pledged to SFL and its financing banks.
In August 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with
subsidiaries of Seadrill for the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules. Under the amendment agreement with
Seadrill, the West Hercules is contracted to be employed with an oil major until the second half of 2022 (the “charter period”),
prior to being redelivered to SFL in Norway. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, SFL has agreed to receive bareboat hire of
(i) approximately $64,700 per day until Seadrill emerges from Chapter 11 and its plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) is
confirmed by the court (the “Emergence Date”), and (ii) following the Emergence Date, approximately $60,000 per day while
the rig is employed under a contract and generating revenues for Seadrill and approximately $40,000 in all other scenarios,
including when the rig is idle or undergoing mobilization or demobilization. Pursuant to the amendment agreement, Seadrill has
agreed to fund the mobilization and demobilization of the rig, which is expected to occur during the charter period. Seadrill
obtained bankruptcy court approval of the amendment agreement on August 27, 2021, which was a condition precedent to the
effectiveness to the amendment agreement. Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s
limited corporate guarantee of the outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83.1 million.
Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged earnings account at the time of
redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3 million payable by Seadrill.
Following these amendments, SFL Hercules is in compliance with its debt covenants.
On October 26, 2021, Seadrill announced that its plan of reorganization was confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the
Southern District of Texas. On February 22, 2022, Seadrill announced that it has emerged from its Chapter 11 process after
successfully completing its reorganization.
In February 2022, the Company agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the harsh environment
jack-up drilling rig West Linus. The rig was delivered in 2014, and is currently operated by a subsidiary of Seadrill and
employed on a long-term drilling contract with ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS (“ConocoPhillips”) in the North Sea until the
fourth quarter of 2028.
F-52
The Company, Seadrill and ConocoPhillips reached an agreement in which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is
expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of the subsidiaries of the Company, upon the new operator receiving
necessary regulatory approvals. Upon effective assignment of the drilling contract, SFL will receive charter hire from the rig
and pay for operating and management expenses.
SFL has simultaneously entered into an agreement for the operational management of the rig with a subsidiary of Odfjell
Drilling Ltd. (“Odfjell”), a leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from
Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Until the approvals are in place, Seadrill will continue the existing charter arrangements for a period of up to approximately
nine months. The bareboat charter rate from Seadrill in this transition period will be approximately $55,000 per day.
The lease to West Taurus was rejected by the court in March 2021 and the rig was redelivered by Seadrill to SFL in the second
quarter of 2021. In March 2021, the Company signed an agreement for the recycling of the rig at a facility in Turkey and
delivered the rig to the recycling facility in September 2021. The asset was derecognized on disposal and a net loss of
$0.6 million was recorded in relation to the recycling of the rig. (Refer to Note 8: Gain on Sale of Assets)
During the year ended December 31, 2021, and following amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan facility
agreements, SFL Hercules Ltd. was determined to no longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August 27,
2021 when the amendments were approved by the applicable bankruptcy court. With regards to SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater,
the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of the two subsidiaries in October 2020, following changes to their
financing agreements and as a result of defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, from October 2020 these two subsidiaries were
consolidated by the Company.
As described below in "Related party loans", as of December 31, 2020, the long-term loan from the Company to SFL Hercules
was presented net of its current account to the extent that it is an amount due to the associate. (Refer also to Concentration of
Risk in Note 26).
Related party leasing and service contracts
As of December 31, 2021, two of the Company's vessels leased to Frontline Shipping (2020: two) are recorded as investment in
direct financing leases. As of December 31, 2021, the balance of net investments in direct financing leases with Frontline
Shipping was $69.8 million before credit loss provision (2020: $76.1 million), of which $6.5 million (2020: $6.3 million)
represents short-term maturities.
As of December 31, 2021, included within vessels and equipment chartered under operating leases, there were eight Capesize
dry bulk carriers leased to a fully guaranteed subsidiary of Golden Ocean (2020: eight). As of December 31, 2021, the net book
value of assets leased under operating leases to Golden Ocean was $181.3 million (2020: $200.5 million).
In addition, the two drilling rigs owned by the Company are leased to subsidiaries of Seadrill under operating leases. As of
December 31, 2021, the net book value of the assets leased under operating leases to Seadrill was $599.3 million.
A summary of leasing revenues and repayments from Frontline Shipping, Golden Ocean and Seadrill is as follows:
(in millions of $)
Golden Ocean:
Operating lease income
Profit share
Frontline Shipping:
Direct financing lease interest income
Direct financing lease service revenue
Direct financing lease repayments
Profit share
Seadrill:
Operating lease income
2021
50.5
9.8
1.5
6.6
6.3
0.3
28.9
2020
52.0
—
1.7
6.9
6.5
18.6
—
2019
51.1
0.8
3.8
9.9
7.9
4.8
—
F-53
In June 2015, amendments were made to the charter agreements relating to 17 vessels. The amendments, which are effective
from July 1, 2015, and do not affect the duration of the leases, include reductions in the daily time charter rates to $20,000 per
day for VLCCs and $15,000 per day for Suezmax tankers. As consideration for the agreed amendments, the Company received
55 million shares, (which was reduced to 11 million shares in February 2016 after Frontline enacted a 1-for-5 reverse stock split
of its ordinary shares) and also an increase in the profit sharing percentage (see below). A dividend restriction was introduced
on Frontline Shipping whereby it can only make distributions to its parent company if it can demonstrate it meets certain
conditions. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold approximately 2.0 million shares (2019: 7.6 million
shares) and the investment in Frontline consists of approximately 1.4 million shares which are valued at $10.2 million as of
December 31, 2021. This investment is included in Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.
In 2019, SFL entered into an agreement with Golden Ocean, where the Company agreed to finance EGCS installations on seven
of the eight Capesize bulk carriers with an amount of up to $2.5 million per vessel, in return for increased charter hire of $1,535
per day for the 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2025. The installations were completed during the year ended December 31, 2020,
with the cost being capitalized into the value of the assets. Profits sharing arrangements were not changed.
Also, two of the three VLCC crude tankers underwent EGCS installations during the year ended December 31, 2019. The
Company incurred costs of $4.2 million, which represent a 50% share of joint costs with Frontline Shipping. Profits sharing
arrangements were not changed.
Frontline Shipping pays the Company profit sharing of 50% of their earnings on a time charter equivalent basis from their use
of the Company's fleet above average threshold charter rates calculated on a quarterly basis. The Company earns and recognizes
profit sharing revenue under the 50% arrangement - see table above.
In the event that vessels on charter to the Frontline Shipping are agreed to be sold, the Company may either pay or receive
compensation for the early termination of the lease. In February 2018, the Company sold the VLCC Front Circassia to an
unrelated third party and a termination fee of $4.4 million at fair value (face value $8.9 million) was received from Frontline
Shipping in the form of a loan note. This loan note was settled in February 2020.
In 2018, the Company also sold the VLCCs Front Page, Front Stratus and Front Serenade to a related third party. The vessels
were delivered to the new owner, ADS Maritime Holding, in July 2018, August 2018 and September 2018, respectively, and an
aggregate termination fee of $10.1 million at fair value was received from Frontline in the form of three loan notes. These loan
notes were settled in February 2020.
In October 2018, the Company sold and delivered the VLCC Front Ariake to an unrelated third party. A termination fee of $3.4
million at fair value was received from Frontline in the form of a loan note. This loan note was also settled in February 2020.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had eight dry bulk carriers operating on time charters to a subsidiary of
Golden Ocean, which include profit sharing arrangements whereby the Company earns a 33% share of profits earned by the
vessels above threshold levels - see table above.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company was owed a total of $0.0 million (2020: $2.9 million) by Frontline Shipping in respect
of leasing contracts and profit share.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company was owed $3.6 million (2020: $3.2 million) by Frontline in respect of various short-
term items, including vessel management fees and items relating to the operation of vessels trading in a pool with two vessels
owned by Frontline.
The vessels leased to Frontline Shipping are on time charter terms and for each such vessel the Company pays a fixed
management/operating fee of $9,000 per day to Frontline Management, a wholly owned subsidiary of Frontline. An exception
to this arrangement is for any vessel leased to Frontline Shipping which is sub-chartered on a bareboat basis, for which there is
no management fee payable for the duration of the bareboat sub-charter. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021,
the Company also had 21 container vessels, 14 dry bulk carriers, three Suezmax tankers, two car carriers, two product tankers
and two chemical tankers operating on time charter or in the spot market, for which the supervision of the technical
management was sub-contracted to Frontline Management. Management fees incurred are included in the table below.
F-54
The vessels leased to a subsidiary of Golden Ocean are on time charter terms and for each vessel the Company pays a fixed
management/operating fee of $7,000 per day to Golden Ocean Management (Bermuda) Ltd. ("Golden Ocean Management").
Additionally, in the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had 16 container vessels and nine dry bulk carriers operating
on time charters or in the spot market, for which part of the operational management was sub-contracted to Golden Ocean
Management. Management fees incurred are included in the table below. Management fees are classified as vessel operating
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
In addition to leasing revenues and repayments, the Company incurred fees with related parties. The Company pays Frontline
and its subsidiaries a management fee of 1.25% of chartering revenues in relation to two Suezmax tankers operating in the spot
market and a fixed management fee of $150 per day in relation to four product tankers and three Suezmax tankers. The
Company pays fees to Frontline Management for administrative services, including corporate services, and fees to Seatankers
for the provision of advisory and support services. The Company also pays fees to Seatankers Management Norway AS for the
provision of office facilities in Oslo, fees to Frontline Shipping Singapore Pte Ltd. for the provision of office facilities in
Singapore, fees to Frontline Corporate Services Ltd for the provision of office facilities in London and Golden Ocean for
administrative services.
(in thousands of $)
Frontline:
Vessel Management Fees
Newbuilding Supervision Fees
Commissions and Brokerage
Administration Services Fees
Golden Ocean:
Vessel Management Fees
Operating Management Fees
Administration Services Fees
Seatankers:
Administration Services Fees*
Front Ocean:
Administration Services Fees
Office Facilities:
Seatankers Management Norway AS
Frontline Management AS
Frontline Corporate Services Ltd.
Frontline Shipping Singapore Pte Ltd.
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Year ended
7,794
132
260
159
8,893
—
364
82
11,758
—
291
201
20,440
20,496
20,440
389
56
226
23
112
252
187
19
887
70
520
—
94
186
226
—
894
30
739
—
104
198
212
—
* During the year ended December 31, 2021, a credit note of $0.3 million was received in relation to 2020 fees paid.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company owed Frontline Management and Frontline Management AS a combined total of $0.04
million (2020: $0.07 million) for various items, including technical supervision fees and office costs.
Related party loans – associated companies
A summary of loans entered into with the associated companies are as follows:
(in millions of $)
Loans granted
Loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021
River Box
45
45
The loan to River Box is a fixed interest rate loan and is repayable in full on November 16, 2033, or earlier if the company sells
its assets.
F-55
SFL has also entered into loan agreements with SFL Hercules, SFL Deepwater and SFL Linus for amounts of $145 million,
$145 million and $125 million, respectively. SFL is entitled to take excess cash from these companies, and such amount is
recorded within its current account with SFL. The loan agreements specify that the balance on the current accounts will have no
interest applied and will be settled via a net off against the eventual repayments of the fixed interest loan. Following approval of
the amendments to the charter and debt agreements, SFL Hercules was no longer deemed to be a variable interest entity and
became consolidated by the Company in August 2021. Also, in October 2020, the Company was determined to be the primary
beneficiary of SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater, following changes to the financing agreements and as a result of defaults by
Seadrill and therefore consolidated these entities from these dates.
Interest income received on the loans to associated companies is as follows:
(in millions of $)
River Box
SFL Deepwater
SFL Hercules
SFL Linus
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Year ended
4.6
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
3.8
3.6
4.5
0.0
5.1
3.6
5.4
Related party purchases and sales of vessels
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company entered into agreement to acquire four Aframax LR2 product tankers
from affiliates of Frontline Limited, for an aggregate amount of $160.0 million. Two of the vessels were delivered in December
2021 and commenced their long term charters. The remaining two vessels were delivered subsequent to the year end. (Refer to
Note 30: Subsequent Events).
In the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no vessels sold to related parties.
Long-term receivables from related parties
In February 2020, Frontline Shipping redeemed in full the loan note received by the Company on the sale of one VLCC Front
Circassia in 2018. The aggregate amount received on redemption was $8.9 million, the initial face value of the note. At the time
of the redemption, the loan note had a carrying value of $4.4 million, resulting in a gain of $4.4 million on settlement.
Also in February 2020, Frontline redeemed in full the loan notes received by the Company on the sale of four VLCCs Front
Page, Front Stratus, Front Serenade and Front Ariake in 2018. The aggregate amount received on redemption was $11.0
million. At the time of the redemption, the loan notes had a carrying value of $11.0 million, resulting in a gain of $0.0 million
on disposal.
The Company received the following interest income and loan repayments on the loan notes:
(in thousands of $)
Interest income
Frontline Shipping
Frontline
(in millions of $)
Loan repayments
Frontline Shipping*
Frontline
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Year ended
—
—
—
—
82
97
8.9
11.0
734
908
—
1.7
* Non amortizing loan note so there was no repayment received in 2019.
F-56
Other related party transactions
In February 2020, the Company delivered the 2002-built VLCC Front Hakata to an unrelated third party for sale proceeds of
$33.5 million. Furthermore, the Company agreed with Frontline Shipping to terminate the long-term charter for the vessel upon
the sale and delivery, and paid $3.2 million compensation for early termination of the charter. A gain of $1.4 million was
recognized on the sale during the year ended December 31, 2020.
In December 2019, the Company signed a $7.5 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement with ADS
Maritime Holding, as ‘Borrower’ whereby SFL would provide $5 million of the unsecured facility or 67%. The facility was
available for 12 months and carried an interest rate and a commitment fee on the undrawn available balance of the facility. The
borrower could have voluntarily cancelled or repaid the facility, in whole or part. The Company received an upfront fee of
$50,000 in respect of this contract in the year ended December 31, 2019.
In August 2018, the Company acquired approximately 4 million shares in ADS Maritime Holding, a newly formed company
trading on the Oslo Merkur Market. The shares were purchased for $10.0 million, and had a fair value of $8.9 million as of
December 31, 2020. (Refer to Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity Securities). These shares represented 17% of the
outstanding shares in the company. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received a capital dividend of
approximately $8.8 million from ADS Maritime Holding following the sale of its remaining two vessels. Also during the year
ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold its remaining shares in ADS Maritime Holding for a consideration of
approximately $0.8 million, recognizing a gain of $0.7 million on disposal. (Refer to Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities).
In November 2016, the Company acquired approximately 12 million shares in NorAm Drilling for a consideration of
approximately $0.7 million. In November 2018, NorAm undertook a share consolidation of 20:1, resulting in a revised
investment of 601,023 shares. On the same day NorAm participated in a rights issue, increasing the Company's investment in
shares by approximately 0.6 million shares. In December 2018, the Company acquired an additional 41,756 shares bringing the
total investment in NorAm to approximately 1.3 million shares with a fair value of $3.9 million. As of December 31, 2021 the
fair value of the investment was $1.3 million. (Refer to Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity Securities).
The Company also holds within "Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" senior secured corporate bonds in NorAm Drilling
due 2021. In 2018, the Company redeemed a total of approximately 0.5 million units at par value and recorded no gain or loss
on redemption. In the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company partially disposed of its investment in NorAm Drilling
securities at par value of $0.3 million. The fair value of the remaining holding as of December 31, 2021 was $4.6 million (2020:
$4.6 million; 2019: $4.7 million). (Refer to Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity Securities).
Dividends and interest income received from shares held in and secured notes issued by related parties:
(in thousands of $)
Dividends received
ADS Maritime Holding
Frontline
Golden Close
Interest income received
NorAm Drilling
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Year ended
—
—
—
2,930
3,100
—
443
420
261
340
1,989
459
F-57
26.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In certain situations, the Company may enter into financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in interest
rates and exchange rates. The Company has a portfolio of swaps which swap floating rate interest to fixed rate, and which also
fix the Norwegian kroner to US dollar exchange rate applicable to the interest payable and principal repayment on the NOK
bonds. From a financial perspective these swaps hedge interest rate and exchange rate exposure. The counterparties to such
contracts are DNB Bank ASA, Nordea Bank Finland Plc., ABN AMRO Bank N.V., NIBC Bank N.V., Skandinaviska Enskilda
Banken AB (publ), Danske Bank A/S, Swedbank AB (publ), Credit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank S.A., Sumitomo
Mitsui Banking Corporation, BNP Paribas and Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Credit risk exists to the extent that the
counterparties are unable to perform under the contracts, but this risk is considered not to be substantial as the counterparties are
all banks which have provided the Company with loans.
The following tables present the fair values of the Company's derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedges
and qualified as part of a hedging relationship, and those that were not designated:
(in thousands of $)
Designated derivative instruments -long-term assets:
Interest rate swaps
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Cross currency swaps
Non-designated derivative instruments -long-term assets:
Interest rate swaps
Cross currency swaps
Total derivative instruments - long-term assets
(in thousands of $)
Designated derivative instruments -short-term liabilities:
Interest rate swaps
Non-designated derivative instruments -short-term liabilities:
Interest rate swaps
Total derivative instruments - short-term liabilities
Designated derivative instruments -long-term liabilities:
Interest rate swaps
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Cross currency swaps
Non-designated derivative instruments -long-term liabilities:
Interest rate swaps
Cross currency swaps
Total derivative instruments - long-term liabilities
2021
2020
2,077
—
1,019
88
—
3,184
2021
68
670
738
2,316
2,685
10,038
2,159
11
17,209
—
28
3,373
—
5
3,406
2020
703
869
1,572
7,926
3,006
8,301
13,479
—
32,712
F-58
Interest rate risk management
The Company manages its debt portfolio with interest rate swap agreements denominated in U.S. dollars and Norwegian kroner
to achieve an overall desired position of fixed and floating interest rates. As of December 31, 2021, the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries had entered into interest rate swap transactions, involving the payment of fixed rates in exchange for
LIBOR or NIBOR, as summarized below. The summary includes all swap transactions, most of which are hedges against
specific loans.
Notional Principal (in thousands of $)
$84,333 (terminating at $79,733)
$100,000 (remaining at $100,000)
$35,063 (remaining at $35,063)
$19,413 (remaining at $19,413)
$56,000 (remaining at $56,000)
$14,699 (equivalent to NOK128 million)
$11,254 (equivalent to NOK100 million)
$30,000 (remaining at $30,000)
$48,332 (equivalent to NOK420 million)
$100,000 (remaining at $100,000)
$67,500 (remaining at $67,500)
$145,450 (reducing to $92,233)
$45,830 (reducing to $45,135)
Trade date
May 2012
March 2013
December 2014
September 2015
June 2019
June 2019
August 2019
May 2019
May 2019
August 2019
January 2020
April 2020
May 2020
Maturity date
Fixed interest rate
August 2022
1.76% - 1.85%
April 2023
January 2022
March 2022
September 2023
1.85% - 1.97%
3.09%
1.67%
1.84% †
September 2023
6.70% - 6.77% *
September 2023
June 2024
June 2024
August 2029
October 2024
January 2025
May 2022
6.378% *
2.15% †
6.85% - 6.90% *
1.45% - 1.60%
1.40% †
0.46% - 0.47%
0.28%
* These swaps relate to the NOK700 million and NOK700 million unsecured bonds due 2023 and 2024 respectively,
whereby the fixed interest rate paid is exchanged for NIBOR plus the margin on the bond.
† These swaps relate to the NOK700 million, NOK700 million and NOK600 million unsecured bonds due 2023, 2024 and
2025 respectively, where a fixed interest rate is paid in exchange for LIBOR excluding margin on the underlying bonds.
The total net notional principal amount subject to interest swap agreements as of December 31, 2021, was $0.7 billion (2020:
$0.9 billion).
Foreign currency risk management
The Company is party to currency swap transactions, involving the payment of U.S. dollars in exchange for Norwegian kroner
and the payment of Norwegian kroner in exchange for U.S. dollars, which are designated as hedges against the NOK700
million, NOK700 million and NOK600 million senior unsecured bonds due 2023, 2024 and 2025 respectively.
Principal Receivable
Principal Payable
NOK600 million
NOK100 million
NOK700 million
NOK600 million
US$76.8 million
US$11.3 million
US$80.5 million
US$67.5 million
Trade date
Maturity date
September 2018
September 2023
August 2019
September 2023
May 2019
June 2024
January 2020
January 2025
Apart from the NOK700 million, NOK700 million and NOK600 million senior unsecured bonds due 2023, 2024 and 2025,
respectively, the majority of the Company's transactions, assets and liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars, the functional
currency of the Company. Other than the corresponding currency swap transactions summarized above, the Company has not
entered into forward contracts for either transaction or translation risk. Accordingly, there is a risk that currency fluctuations
could have an adverse effect on the Company's cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.
F-59
Fair Values
The carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, and
2020, are as follows:
(in thousands of $)
Non-derivatives:
Available-for-sale debt securities
Equity Securities
Equity securities pledged to creditors
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds
due 2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds
due 2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds
due 2025
5.75% unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
4.875% unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
7.25% unsecured sustainability linked bonds due 2026
Derivatives:
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – long-term
receivables
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – short-term
payables
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – long-term
payables
2021
2021
2020
2020
Carrying value
Fair value Carrying value
Fair value
9,680
1,292
10,238
9,680
1,292
10,238
9,431
10,367
9,007
9,431
10,367
9,007
79,507
79,586
81,572
78,513
78,939
79,077
80,989
76,940
61,334
—
137,900
150,000
60,133
—
138,727
153,563
3,184
3,184
738
738
62,927
212,230
139,900
—
3,406
1,572
57,421
199,496
123,112
—
3,406
1,572
17,209
17,209
32,712
32,712
The above long-term receivables relating to interest rate/ currency swap contracts as of December 31, 2021, include $0.1
million which relates to non-designated swap contracts (2020: $0.0 million), with the balance relating to designated hedges. The
above short-term payables relating to interest rate/ currency swap contracts as of December 31, 2021, include $0.7 million
which relates to non-designated swap contracts (2020: $0.9 million), with the balance relating to designated hedges. The above
long-term payables relating to interest rate/ currency swap contracts as of December 31, 2021, include $2.2 million which
relates to non-designated swap contracts (2020: $13.5 million), with the balance relating to designated hedges.
In accordance with the accounting policy relating to interest rate and currency swaps (See Note 2: Accounting Policies), and
following the adoption of ASU 2017-12, where the Company has designated the swap as a hedge, changes in the fair values of
interest rate swaps are recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of other swaps not designated as
hedges are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
F-60
The above fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, are measured as follows:
Fair value measurements using
December
31, 2021
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
(in thousands of $)
Assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities
Equity securities
Equity securities pledged to creditors
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts - long-term receivables
Total assets
Liabilities:
9,680
1,292
10,238
3,184
24,394
4,619
1,292
10,238
16,149
5,061
3,184
8,245
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2025
4.875% unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
7.25% unsecured sustainability linked bonds due 2026
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – short-term payables
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – long-term payables
79,586
79,586
79,077
79,077
60,133
138,727
153,563
60,133
138,727
153,563
738
17,209
Total liabilities
529,033
511,086
738
17,209
17,947
The above fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020, were measured as follows:
—
—
Fair value measurements using
December
31, 2020
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
9,431
10,367
9,007
4,643
10,367
9,007
(in thousands of $)
Assets:
Available-for-sale debt securities
Equity securities
Equity securities pledged to creditors
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – long-term receivables
3,406
Total assets
Liabilities:
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2023
NOK700 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2024
NOK600 million senior unsecured floating rate bonds due
2025
5.75% unsecured convertible bonds due 2021
4.875% unsecured convertible bonds due 2023
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – short-term payables
Interest rate/ currency swap contracts – long-term payables
Total liabilities
32,211
24,017
78,513
78,513
76,940
76,940
57,421
199,496
123,112
1,572
32,712
569,766
57,421
199,496
123,112
535,482
F-61
4,788
—
3,406
8,194
—
1,572
32,712
34,284
—
ASC Topic 820 "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures" ("ASC 820") emphasizes that fair value is a market-based
measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements,
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data
obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within levels one and two of the
hierarchy) and the reporting entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified
within level three of the hierarchy).
Level 1 inputs utilize unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the
ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in level one that are observable for the asset or
liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active
markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, other than quoted prices, such as interest rates, foreign
exchange rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for
the assets or liabilities, which typically are based on an entity's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market
activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair
value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a
particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or
liability.
Investment in equity securities consist of (i) listed Frontline shares (ii) NorAm Drilling shares traded in the OTC market and
(iii) ADS Maritime Holding Plc shares traded on the Merkur Market whilst the investments in available-for-sale debt securities
consist of listed and unlisted corporate bonds. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold its shares in ADS
Maritime Holding Plc, recognizing a gain of $0.7 million on disposal. (Refer to Note 11: Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities).
As of December 31, 2021, the Company determined that the available for sale corporate bonds held in NT Rig Holdco valued at
$5.1 million (2020: $4.8 million) should be classified as Level 2 measurements (2020: Level 2). The fair value of these
corporate bonds is based on the latest available quoted prices, but due to low levels of trading the Company concluded that level
one classification was not appropriate as of December 31, 2021.
The estimated fair values for the floating rate NOK bonds due 2023, 2024 and 2025, the 5.75% and 4.875% unsecured
convertible bonds and the 7.25% unsecured sustainability linked bonds due 2026 are based on the quoted market prices as of
the balance sheet date.
The fair value of interest rate and currency swap contracts is calculated using established independent valuation techniques
applied to contracted cash flows and LIBOR/NIBOR interest rates as of the balance sheet date.
Concentrations of risk
There is a concentration of credit risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents to the extent that amounts are carried with
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, ABN AMRO, Nordea, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, Danske Bank, BNPP
Bank, Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley and DNB Bank. However, the Company believes this risk is remote, as these financial
institutions are established and reputable establishments with no prior history of default. The Company does not require
collateral or other securities to support financial instruments that are subject to credit risk however certain of the Company’s
counterparties require the Company to periodically post collateral when the fair value of the financial instruments exceeds or is
below specified thresholds. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company posted cash collateral related to derivative
instruments under its collateral security arrangements of $10.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which is recorded within
recorded within Other long term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. (Refer to Note 16: Other Long Term Assets). The
Company also sometimes enter into master netting and offset agreements with such counterparties. As of December 31, 2021,
the Company has International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) agreements with four of its swap counterparties
which contain netting provisions.
There is also a concentration of revenue risk with certain customers to whom the Company has chartered multiple vessels.
F-62
In the year ended December 31, 2021, two VLCC crude tankers leased to Frontline Shipping accounted for approximately 2%
of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 6%, 2019: 4%). Frontline Shipping is a 100% owned subsidiary of Frontline, but
the performance under the leases is not guaranteed by Frontline following amendments agreed in 2015. There is no requirement
for a minimum cash balance in Frontline Shipping, but in exchange for releasing the guarantee a dividend restriction was
introduced on Frontline Shipping whereby it can only make distributions to its parent company if it can demonstrate it will have
minimum free cash of $2 million per vessel both prior to and following (i) such distribution and (ii) the payment of the next hire
due and any profit share accrued under the charters. Due to the current depressed tanker market, there is a risk that Frontline
Shipping may not have sufficient funds to pay the agreed charter hires. However, the performance under the fixed price
agreements with Frontline Management whereby we pay management fees of $9,000 per day for each vessel to cover all
operating costs including drydocking costs, is guaranteed by Frontline.
In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had eight Capesize dry bulk carriers leased to a subsidiary of Golden
Ocean which accounted for approximately 12% of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 11%, 2019: 11%).
The Company also had 10 container vessels on long-term bareboat charters to MSC, which accounted for approximately 2% of
our consolidated operating revenues in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: 13%, 2019: 14%).
The Company had 15 container vessels on long-term time charters to Maersk A/S (“Maersk”) as of December 31, 2021, which
accounted for approximately 32% of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 29%; 2019: 30%).
In the year ended December 31, 2021, the company had six container vessels on time charter to Evergreen, which accounted for
approximately 15% of our consolidated operating revenues in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020: 15%, 2019: 14%).
In addition, a significant portion of our net income/(loss) is generated from our associated companies. SFL Hercules leases a rig
to a subsidiary of Seadrill and River Box Holding Inc. holds investments in direct financing leases, through its subsidiaries,
related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC Reef. Following
amendments to the West Hercules bareboat charter and loan facility agreements, SFL Hercules Ltd. was determined to no
longer be a variable interest entity and was consolidated from August 27, 2021 (See Note 18: Investment in Associated
Companies). In October 2020, the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of SFL Linus and SFL Deepwater
following changes to the financing agreements and as a result of defaults by Seadrill. Therefore, from October 2020 these
subsidiaries were consolidated by the Company. (See Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies). In the year ended
December 31, 2021, income from the one remaining associated company chartering to Seadrill and consolidated from August
2021, accounted for approximately 2% of our net income (2020: 7% of net loss from three associated companies, 2019: 35% of
net income from three associated companies). Also, in the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue from subsidiaries that were
consolidated and leased rigs to Seadrill, accounted for approximately 6% of our consolidated operating revenues (2020: 1% in
relation to one drilling unit, 2019: 0% none).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, Seadrill publicly disclosed that they had appointed financial and legal advisors to
evaluate comprehensive restructuring alternatives to reduce debt service costs and overall indebtedness. In September and
October 2020, Seadrill failed to pay hire when due under the leases for the three drilling units. The overdue hires along with
certain other events, constituted an event of default under such leases and the related financing agreements. Under the terms of
the leases, charter payment from the sub-charterers of West Hercules and West Linus, were paid into accounts pledged to SFL
and its financing banks. During November and December 2020, Seadrill and SFL entered into forbearance and funds
withdrawal agreements during which Seadrill was allowed to use certain funds received from the sub-charterers to pay
operating expenses for the rigs in exchange for the Company being paid approximately 65 -75% of the existing contracted lease
hire related to the West Hercules and the West Linus. Any hire received by Seadrill relating to the sub-charters on these two rigs
in excess of the withdrawn amounts remained in Seadrill’s earnings accounts pledged to SFL.
In February 2021, Seadrill and most of its subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 cases in the Southern District of Texas. In August 2021,
the Company entered into an amendment to its existing charter agreement (the “amendment agreement”) with subsidiaries of
Seadrill for the harsh environment semi-submersible rig West Hercules, which was approved by the applicable bankruptcy court
in September 2021. Each of SFL’s financing banks consented to the amendment agreement, and SFL’s limited corporate
guarantee of the outstanding debt of the rig owning subsidiary remains unchanged at $83.1 million (2020: $83.1 million of its
associated companies). Additionally, SFL agreed to a cash contribution of $5.0 million to the SFL Hercules's pledged earnings
account at the time of redelivery following the termination of the Seadrill charter, in addition to a $3.0 million payable by
Seadrill.
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River Box was a previously wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. River Box holds investments in direct financing leases,
through its subsidiaries, related to the 19,200 and 19,400 TEU containerships MSC Anna, MSC Viviana, MSC Erica and MSC
Reef. On December 31, 2020, the Company sold 50.1% of the shares of River Box to a subsidiary of Hemen, a related party.
The Company has accounted for the remaining 49.9% ownership in River Box using the equity method. (See Note 18:
Investment in Associated Companies).
As discussed in Note 25: Related Party Transactions, the Company, as of December 31, 2021, had net outstanding receivable
balance on loans granted by the Company to these associated companies totaling $45.0 million (2020: $123.9 million). The
loans granted by the Company are considered not impaired as of December 31, 2021 due to the fair value of the vessels owned
by River Box exceeding the book values as of December 31, 2021.
27.
ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES
ASU 2016-13 introduced a new credit loss methodology, requiring earlier recognition of potential credit losses. The Company
adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method from January 1, 2020. The provision is based on an assessment
of the impact of current and expected future conditions, and as of December 31, 2021, this is inclusive of the Company's
estimate of the potential effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on credit losses. The duration and severity of COVID-19 and
continued market volatility is highly uncertain and, as such, the impact on expected credit losses is subject to significant
judgment and may cause variability in the Company’s allowance for credit losses in future periods. Movements in the
allowance for expected credit losses may result in gains as well as losses recorded in income as changes occur in the balances of
our financial assets and the risk profiles of our counterparties.
The following table presents the impact of the allowance for expected credit losses on the Company's balance sheet line items
for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Trade
receivables
Other
receivables
Related
Party
receivables
(in thousands of $)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
Reclassification to 'vessels and equipment,
net'
Additions from associates
Change in allowance recorded in 'other
financial items'
Balance as of December 31, 2021
33
—
—
63
96
881
1,973
—
—
—
569
(395)
486
713
3,255
Investment
in sales-
type, direct
financing
leases and
leaseback
assets
4,390
(2,030)
—
(1,097)
1,263
Other long-
term assets
Total
1,894
9,171
—
—
(6)
1,888
(2,030)
569
(722)
6,988
The impact of the allowance for expected credit losses on the associates is disclosed in Note 18: Investment in Associated
Companies.
In March 2021, the drilling unit held by a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (SFL Linus) was reclassified from direct
financing lease to operating lease and has been presented within Vessels and Equipment, net. A previously recognized credit
loss allowance of $2.0 million was derecognized as a result of the reclassification. (Refer to Note 13: Vessels and Equipment,
net and Note 17: Investment in Sales-Type Leases, Direct Financing Leases and Leaseback Assets).
In August 2021, SFL Hercules ceased to be accounted for as an associate and became consolidated, resulting in an addition of
$0.6 million in credit loss allowance for related party receivables. (Refer to Note 18: Investment in Associated Companies).
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28.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Assets Pledged
(in millions of $)
Vessels and equipment, net
Investments in sales-type, direct financing leases and leaseback assets
Book value of consolidated assets pledged under ship mortgages
Assets with finance lease liabilities
(in millions of $)
Vessels under finance lease, net
Total book value
2021
2,107
203
2,310
2021
656
656
2020
1,189
675
1,864
2020
697
697
The Company has funded its acquisition of vessels, jack-up rig and ultra-deepwater drilling unit through a combination of
equity, short-term debt and long-term debt. Providers of long-term loan facilities usually require that the loans be secured by
mortgages against the assets being acquired. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $1.9 billion of outstanding principal
indebtedness under various credit facilities and finance lease liabilities of $0.5 billion. In 2020 the Company and its 100%
equity accounted subsidiaries had a combined outstanding principal indebtedness of $1.8 billion under various credit facilities
and finance lease liabilities of $0.6 billion.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a forward contract which expired in January of 2022, and has subsequently been
rolled over to July 2022, to repurchase 1.4 million shares of Frontline (December 31, 2020: 1.4 million shares) with a carrying
value of $10.2 million (December 31, 2020: $9.0 million). The transaction has been accounted for as a secured borrowing, with
the shares transferred to 'Marketable securities pledged to creditors' and a liability of $15.6 million recorded within debt as of
December 31, 2021 (December 31, 2020: $15.6 million). As of December 31, 2021 the shares, together with a restricted cash
balance of $8.3 million (December 31, 2020: $9.0 million), have been pledged as part of the forward agreement.
Other Contractual Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has arranged insurance for the legal liability risks for its shipping activities with Gard P.& I. (Bermuda) Ltd.,
Assuranceforeningen Skuld (Gjensidig), The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association Limited, The West of England Ship
Owners Mutual Insurance Association (Luxembourg), North of England P&I Association Limited, The Standard Club Europe
Ltd, The United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Europe) Limited and The Britannia Steam Ship
Insurance Association Limited, all of which are mutual protection and indemnity associations. The Company is subject to calls
payable to the associations based on the Company’s claims record in addition to the claims records of all other members of the
associations. A contingent liability exists to the extent that the claims records of the members of the associations in the
aggregate show significant deterioration, which may result in additional calls on the members.
Capital commitments
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has no capital commitments towards the procurement of scrubbers on vessels owned
by the Company (December 31, 2020: $5.8 million on nine vessels).
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has committed to paying $2.7 million towards the installation of BWTS on five vessels
from its fleet (December 31, 2020: $7.0 million on 16 vessels), with installations expected to take place up to 2023.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has committed to acquire two Suezmax tankers and two Aframax LR2 product tankers
for a total purchase price of $190.0 million. The four vessels were delivered in January and February 2022. (Refer to Note 30:
Subsequent Events). Upon delivery the vessels are contracted to immediately commence a five-year time charter to a subsidiary
of Trafigura.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had commitments under shipbuilding contracts to construct four newbuilding dual-fuel
7,000 CEU car carriers designed to use liquefied natural gas ("LNG"), totaling to $254.2 million (December 31, 2020:
$0.0 million). Two of the vessels are expected to be delivered in 2023 and will immediately commence a 10-year period time
charter with Volkswagen Group. The remaining two vessels are expected to be delivered in 2024 and will immediately
commence a 10-year period time charter with K Line. (Refer to Note 14: Newbuildings and Vessel Purchase Deposits).
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There were no other material contractual commitments as of December 31, 2021.
The Company is routinely party both as plaintiff and defendant to lawsuits in various jurisdictions under charter hire obligations
arising from the operation of its vessels in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that the resolution of such
claims will not have a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial position. The Company has not recognized
any contingent gains or losses arising from the pending results of any such lawsuits.
29.
CONSOLIDATED VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
As of December 31, 2021, the Company's consolidated financial statements included 27 variable interest entities, all of which
had been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary. These variable interest entities are all wholly-owned
subsidiaries and own vessels with existing charters during which related and third parties have fixed price options or obligations
to purchase the respective vessels, at dates varying from April 2022 to December 2026.
As of December 31, 2021, nine of the consolidated variable interest entities have vessels which are accounted for as
investments in sales-type leases, direct financing leases and leaseback assets. As of December 31, 2021, the vessels had a
carrying value of $116.9 million before credit loss provision, unearned lease income of $25.7 million and total option prices at
the earliest exercise date of $86.1 million. The outstanding loan balances in these entities amounted to a total of $88.3 million,
of which the short-term portion was $7.8 million as of December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, 15 fully consolidated variable interest entities each own vessels which are accounted for as operating
lease assets. As of December 31, 2021 the vessels had a total net book value of $848.4 million. The outstanding loan balances
in these entities amounted to a total of $473.8 million, of which the short-term portion was $110.0 million as of December 31,
2021.
The remaining three consolidated variable interest entities each own vessels which are accounted for as vessels under finance
lease and had a total net book value of $274.3 million as of December 31, 2021. The outstanding total finance lease liabilities
for these entities amounted to $211.8 million, of which the short-term portion was $21.0 million as of December 31, 2021.
30.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January 2022, the Company took delivery of the remaining two of the four LR2 product tankers agreed for acquisition in the
fourth quarter of 2021. The vessels were acquired in combination with five-year time charters to a subsidiary of Trafigura.
In January and February 2022, the Company took delivery of the remaining two of the three modern Suezmax tankers agreed
for acquisition in the third quarter of 2021. The vessels have five-year time charters to a subsidiary of Trafigura.
On February 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.20 per share which will be paid in cash
on or around March 29, 2022.
In February 2022, SFL awarded 435,000 options to its employees, officers and directors pursuant to the Company’s incentive
program.
In February 2022, the Company agreed to make changes to the chartering and management structure of the harsh environment
jack-up drilling rig West Linus. The rig was delivered in 2014, and is currently operated by a subsidiary of Seadrill and
employed on a long-term drilling contract with ConocoPhillips in the North Sea until the fourth quarter of 2028.
The Company, Seadrill and ConocoPhillips reached an agreement in which the drilling contract with ConocoPhillips is
expected to be assigned from the current operator to one of the subsidiaries of the Company, upon the new operator receiving
necessary regulatory approvals. In connection with the effective assignment of the drilling contract, SFL will receive charter
hire from the rig and pay for operating and management expenses.
SFL has simultaneously entered into an agreement for the operational management of the rig with a subsidiary of Odfjell, a
leading harsh environment drilling rig operator. The change of operational management from Seadrill to Odfjell is subject to
customary regulatory approvals relating to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
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Until the approvals are in place, Seadrill will continue the existing charter arrangements for a period of up to approximately
nine months. The bareboat charter rate from Seadrill in this transition period will be approximately $55,000 per day.
In March 2022, the Company agreed to charter six 14,000 TEU container vessels to a leading container operator for a fixed
period of approximately five years. The new charter is expected to commence between 2023 and 2024 when the vessels are
redelivered following completion of their existing charter party to another Asian based liner company.
The recent outbreak of conflict between Russia and Ukraine has disrupted supply chains and caused instability in the global
economy, while the United States and the European Union, among other countries, announced sanctions against Russia. For
example, on March 8, 2022, President Biden issued an executive order prohibiting the import of certain Russian energy
products into the United States, including crude oil, petroleum, petroleum fuels, oils, liquefied natural gas and coal.
Additionally, the executive order prohibits any investments in the Russian energy sector by U.S. persons, among other
restrictions. The ongoing conflict could result in the imposition of further economic sanctions against Russia, and the
Company’s business may be adversely impacted. Currently, the Company’s charter contracts have not been affected by the
events in Russia and Ukraine. However, it is possible that in the future third parties, with whom the Company has or will have
charter contracts, may be impacted by such events. While in general much uncertainty remains regarding the global impact of
the conflict in Ukraine, it is possible that such tensions could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition,
results of operation and cash flows.
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