Allied Irish Bank
Annual Report 2011

Plain-text annual report

Annual Financial Report 2011 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. / Annual Financial Report 2011 Contents Business review Chairman’s statement Chief Executive Officer’s review Corporate Social Responsibility Financial review Risk management Governance & oversight The Board & Executive Committee Report of the Directors Corporate Governance statement Supervision & Regulation Financial statements Accounting policies Consolidated income statement Consolidated statement of comprehensive income Consolidated statement of financial position Statement of financial position of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Consolidated and Company statements of cash flows Consolidated statement of changes in equity Statement of changes in equity - Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Notes to the accounts Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in relation to the Accounts Independent Auditor’s Report General information Additional information Glossary of terms Principal addresses Index Page 4 6 10 14 61 201 204 207 218 227 254 255 256 257 258 260 262 264 423 424 426 448 452 453 1 Forward-looking information This document contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of the Group and certain of the plans and objectives of the Group. In particular, among other statements in this Annual Financial Report, with regard to management objectives, trends in results of operations, margins, risk management, competition and the impact of changes in International Financial Reporting Standards are forward-looking in nature. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements sometimes use words such as ‘aim’, ‘anticipate’, ‘target’, ‘expect’, ‘estimate’, ‘intend’, ‘plan’, ‘goal’, ‘believe’, ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘will’, ‘seek’, ‘continue’, ‘should’, ‘assume’, or other words of similar meaning. Examples of forward-looking statements include among others, statements regarding the Group’s future financial position, income growth, loan losses, business strategy, projected costs, capital ratios, estimates of capital expenditures, and plans and objectives for future operations. Because such statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These are set out in ‘Risk factors’ on pages 62 - 68.These factors include, but are not limited to the Group’s access to funding and liquidity which is adversely affected by the financial instability within the Eurozone, contagion risks disrupting the financial markets, constraints on liquidity and market reaction to factors affecting Ireland and the Irish economy, the Group’s markets, particularly for retail deposits, at risk from more intense competition, the Group’s business being adversely affected by a further deterioration in economic and market conditions, general economic conditions being very challenging for our mortgage and other lending customers and increase the risk of payment default, the depressed Irish property prices may give rise to increased losses experienced by the Group, the Group faces market risks, including non-trading interest rate risk, the Group is subject to rigorous and demanding Government supervision and oversight, the Group may be subject to the risk of having insufficient capital to meet increased regulatory requirements, the Group’s business activities must comply with increasing levels of regulation, the Group’s participation in the NAMA Programme gives rise to certain residual financial risks, the Group may be adversely affected by further austerity and budget measures introduced by the Irish Government, the value of certain financial instruments recorded at fair value is determined using financial models incorporating assumptions, judgements and estimates that may change over time, or may ultimately not turn out to be accurate, the Group’s deferred tax assets depend substantially on the generation of future profits over an extended number of years, adverse changes to tax legislation, regulatory requirements or accounting standards could impact capital ratios, the Group is subject to inherent credit risks in respect of customers, the Group faces heightened operational and reputational risks, the restructuring of the Group entails risk, the Group’s risk management strategies and techniques may be unsuccessful, risk of litigation arising from the Group’s activities. Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Group speak only as of the date they are made. AIB cautions that the foregoing list of important factors is not exhaustive. Investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and events when making an investment decision based on any forward-looking statement. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this Annual Financial Report may not occur. The Group does not undertake to release publicly any revision to these forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or unanticipated events occurring after the date hereof. 2 Financial highlights Results Total operating income/(loss) Operating loss Loss before taxation from continuing operations Profit after taxation from discontinued operations Loss attributable to owners of the parent Per ordinary/CNV share Loss – basic from continuing operations Loss – diluted from continuing operations Earnings – basic from discontinued operations Earnings - diluted from discontinued operations Dividend Dividend payout Net assets Performance measures Return on average total assets Return on average ordinary shareholders’ equity Statement of financial position Total assets Ordinary/CNV shareholders’ equity Shareholders’ equity Loans and receivables to customers Customer accounts Capital ratios Core tier 1 capital Total capital 2011 € m 4,340 (5,108) (5,108) 1,628 (2,312) (1.6c) (1.6c) 0.7c 0.7c - - € 0.05 2010 € m (3,357) (12,124) (12,071) 199 (10,232) (571.1c) (571.1c) 7.1c 7.1c - - (€ 0.04) (1.66%) (48.8%) (6.21%) (222.5%) 136,651 10,963 14,463 82,540 60,674 145,222 (80) 3,659 86,350 52,389 17.9%(1) 20.5% 4.0% 9.2%(2) (1)At 31 December 2011, under the Central Bank’s Financial Measures Programme (“FMP”), AIB is required to report its core tier 1 capital with 50:50 supervisory deductions now being applied to the core tier 1 capital calculation. These deductions were previously deducted from tier 1 capital. This methodology is consistent with that used to calculate capital shortfalls for participating institutions in the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) 2011. (2)At 31 December 2010, the Group, on a consolidated and individual basis, benefited from derogations from certain regulatory capital requirements granted on a temporary basis by the Central Bank of Ireland. The requirement for derogations arose as a result of loan impairment provisions at 31 December 2010. These derogations remained in place until the completion of the liability management exercise on 24 January 2011. 3 Chairman’s statement AIB started 2011 by coming to terms with the massive standards which are part of a rapidly evolving regulatory shock that had overtaken the Irish economy. The year saw a environment. We are ensuring AIB has the structures, continuing decline in property values and a flat business environment and this has made recovery challenging. processes and people in place to meet these new demands. Another issue for us was overseeing the disposal and The early recognition by the Irish Government and the acquisition of a number of major businesses as well as capital Central Bank of Ireland of a need for a substantial recapitalisation of the banking system provided an raising exercises. The AIB Board also had a role in overseeing the opportunity to focus on the recovery of AIB and the support establishment and implementation of AIB’s non-core strategy, and service of its customers. the NAMA transfers, restitution projects and data Although the staff of the bank had worked hard to deal remediation. with the evolving impact of the crisis, the bank as an organisation was challenged to deal effectively with the Board changes increase in the numbers of customers in difficulty. I would like to thank Stephen Kingon, Anne Maher and A significant amount of change had to be planned and David Pritchard – who stepped down from the AIB Board in implemented before a more effective focus on customers July – for their contribution to the bank. could be achieved. The impact of this new focus only began In June 2011, Bernard Byrne, Director of the Personal & to be felt in the second half of 2011. Business Banking business, joined the AIB Board as an AIB has moved away from its old structure of entirely executive director. separate businesses and is moving towards a coordinated ‘OneBank’ model. During the year, a new Executive Committee (“ExCo”) was established to run AIB, albeit with a number of interim This new structure aims to put the customer at the heart appointments pending the arrival of the new Chief of what we do, with simpler, more transparent products and Executive. more automated operational processes to improve access and All appointments to this committee were made after speed of fulfilment. careful assessment of suitable candidates. This was part of a The delivery of the standards to which we aspire may wider evaluation project which saw a series of new take a number of years to achieve but progressive and consistent improvement should be evident over time. appointments and promotions at other levels made across the bank and significant change at senior levels. We have also listened to our staff across the country to I can report that these appointments and promotions redefine and establish the behaviours that will be critical to were based on a very rigorous and objective selection process establishing a different, stable and successful AIB. A series of which placed a high priority on leadership values and initiatives have been undertaken to help our staff deal with behaviours. the past and to rebuild for the future. We intend to continue selecting our people in a manner We still have the difficult process to work through of consistent with the standards defined by this process. reducing our staff numbers and our costs to better align These standards also informed the identification and them with the needs of the smaller bank AIB has become. selection of candidates for the role of Chief Executive This is made more challenging by the fact that we Officer and non-executive directors. require more people to deal with customers in difficulty. In In October we welcomed Thomas Wacker and Simon 2011 resources have been progressively put in place to Ball to AIB as non-executive directors and in December address this issue with extensive training programmes created David Duffy was appointed as CEO. and launched. David has held a number of senior roles in the The changes now made in AIB will enable international banking industry including, most recently, the re-engagement with our customers, supporting them as far as position of CEO at Standard Bank International. He has a is prudent through challenging times and doing what we can proven track record in successfully managing banks through to help revitalise the national economy. Other issues challenging times and is ideally suited to the task of leading AIB’s extensive restructuring and delivering the business performance that will best serve our customers and return The AIB Board addressed other issues in 2011. One such the bank to sustainable viability. issue was the introduction of new governance and control 4 I welcome David to this organisation and I look forward to working with him and the rest of the AIB team as we continue the transformation of AIB. I would like to thank the staff and customers of AIB for their patience and continued support as we work to regain trust. David Hodgkinson Chairman 29 March 2012 5 Chief Executive’s review 2011 proved to be another difficult year for AIB - and one in Net interest income was € 1.4 billion, a decrease of which we continued to receive the strong support of our € 494 million, or 27%, due to higher Eligible Liabilities shareholders, customers and the Irish taxpayer. Guarantee scheme costs, margin compression and reduced We ended 2011 with a strong capital base, more stable interest earning loan volumes. Reflecting the above, the net funding and, above all, a clear focus on our corporate, interest margin declined from 1.31% in 2010 to 1.03% in commercial and retail customers. 2011. We are well positioned to adapt to the challenging Other income excluding exceptional items was economic environment and to realise over time a sustainable € 438 million. This was € 25 million, or 5%, lower than in return for our shareholders. 2010, reflecting weaker economic conditions, challenging We have taken significant steps to reduce our costs. We trading markets and lower volumes and revenues due to expect our voluntary redundancy programme will generate a business disposals. material reduction in our cost structure in future years. Operating expenses of € 1.7 billion were 4% higher than Our plan to return to profitability by 2014 remains on 2010, of which 2% was due to the inclusion of € 42 million target. of EBS costs from 1 July 2011. Excluding EBS, staff costs Achieving this target will be key to our ambition to were in line with 2010. Significant external engagement provide an opportunity to attract private investment and including non-recurring professional fees and statutory costs return value to our principal shareholder. associated with the restructuring and transformation of the Economic outlook bank increased the overall cost base of the bank. The provision charge for impaired loans was € 7.9 billion. The Irish economy has remained weak and consumer and The main elements of this charge include € 1.7 billion for government spending continued to decline in 2011. Credit the land and development portfolio, € 2 billion for the growth was limited and market conditions have not property investment portfolio, € 1.6 billion for small and improved. These challenges have led to an increase in our medium-sized enterprise loans, € 1.6 billion for mortgages, provisions as consumers struggle to fund their commitments € 0.5 billion for corporate and € 0.5 billion for other and businesses, large and small, limit their borrowings. personal sector loans. The combination of these factors and a low interest rate environment have served to compress our margins at a Capital difficult time. The Core Tier 1 ratio was 17.9% for December 2011 However, Ireland retains many of the fundamental factors compared to 4% at the end of 2010. The bank’s capital that supported strong rates of economic growth in the past position is well above the minimum requirement of 10.5% as two decades. These positives include a young, highly set by the Central Bank of Ireland in March 2011 and educated labour force, a relatively competitive corporate tax reflects a reduction in Risk Weighted Assets (“RWA”) of regime, labour market flexibility, access to Europe and global € 14.5 billion and Core Tier 1 recapitalisation actions markets and continued inward Foreign Direct Investment totalling € 14.7 billion. (“FDI”). The RWA reduction was primarily due to asset We believe that we are positioning AIB to emerge deleveraging and business disposals. Liability management strongly as the economy recovers. exercises generated € 3.6 billion from the purchase by AIB of Financial performance its subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments at prices within a range of 10% to 30% of their face value; an AIB reported an after tax loss of € 2.3 billion in 2011 after equity placing of € 5 billion subscribed to by the National recognising net total provisions of € 8.2 billion. This outcome Pension Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”), and a includes income from exceptional items of € 3.0 billion capital contribution of € 6.1 billion from the Minister for relating to liability management exercises and loan disposals, Finance and the NPRFC. and € 1.6 billion of profits relating to Polish discontinued operations. Excluding these items, operating profit before Funding and liquidity provisions was € 68 million, compared to € 658 million for Customer deposits of € 61 billion at the end of 2011 are 2010. The reduction in operating profit is due to lower levels AIB’s largest funding source at 47% of total funding of income - down by € 519 million or 22% - and a rise in requirements, up 2% from 2010. Deposits were stable from costs of € 71 million or 4%. 6 August onwards reflecting increased customer confidence credit quality of this book has deteriorated during the year following the recapitalisation of the bank in July 2011. Since evidenced by an increase in arrears levels and requests for year end deposits have grown by c. € 1.5 billion. forbearance. In line with other financial institutions, AIB has The bank reduced its exposure to wholesale funding by developed a Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy € 13 billion or 20% in the year. However access to wholesale (“MARS”) for dealing with customers in difficulty or likely markets over the course of the year continued to be to be in difficulty with the core objective being to ensure restricted. The bank availed of the ECB operations open to that sustainable arrears solutions are put in place for the long the market and at December 2011 drawings amounted to term which serve both the customer and the bank. € 31 billion, including € 3 billion from AIB’s participation in Property sector loans amounted to € 24.5 billion the ECB 3 year Long Term Refinancing Operation (including € 0.9 billion of EBS loans) or 25% of AIB loans at (“LTRO”), which extended the bank’s debt maturity. year-end.This is an underlying decrease in AIB’s property AIB exited the Central Bank of Ireland’s non-standard portfolio of € 2.3 billion since December 2010. facilities in April 2011 and the level of Central Bank of € 16.8 billion of the portfolio relates to property investment, Ireland funding reduced by € 6 billion during the year. The just under 50% of which is located outside Ireland. Land and ongoing reduction in Central Bank of Ireland funding will development loans account for € 6.6 billion or 27% of continue to be a key objective for the bank. property loans and we hold total provisions to loans for this The bank’s loan to deposit ratio was 138% (136% portfolio of 58%. Impaired land and development loans excluding held for sale corporate loans) at 2011 year end amounted to € 5.4 billion or 82% of the portfolio with compared to 165% at the end of 2010. This was lower than specific provision cover of 69%. the 2011 target of 143%, primarily due to a combination of We undertook comprehensive reviews of each of our asset deleveraging ahead of plan, increased provisions and the loan portfolios in 2011 and at year-end we now hold specific acquisition of Anglo deposits of € 8.6 billion. provisions of € 12.3 billion against impaired loans of Business disposals € 24.8 billion providing cover of 49%. Additionally, a further € 2.6 billion has been set aside for losses which we believe AIB has undertaken a range of business disposals to support have been incurred but have not yet been identified within capital generation, de-risking of the balance sheet and our loan book. re-focusing of the bank’s strategy on core domestic banking. In April 2011 the sale of AIB’s Polish business was completed. Supporting business customers The bank also announced the disposal of the following As a pillar bank we are committed to providing credit to all businesses: AIB Jerseytrust Limited, AIB International of our business customers who can demonstrate viability. Financial Services, AIB Investment Managers and its interest We intend to meet our lending targets and to introduce a in the Bulgarian American Credit Bank. range of initiatives that support the growth of our economy. The sale of AIB’s ordinary shares in the US M&T Bank In mid-2011, a Commercial Banking unit was created to Corporation was completed in 2010. Loans and asset quality better serve the banking needs of business customers. This new structure, operating through a national network of AIB Commercial Centres, allows local relationship managers to AIB’s loan book reduced on an underlying basis by serve their customers more effectively. € 11.5 billion during 2011 reflecting flowback and Commercial Banking is also expanding its Emerging deleveraging mainly in our corporate and UK portfolios. Sectors team to provide supportive banking products and Group total loans at the end of the year, including services to technology and software companies. The € 16.3 billion in loans within EBS, were € 99 billion. performance of these companies, and those in the medical, Credit quality continued to deteriorate throughout the clean and green tech sectors, underpins growth in Irish year across all our portfolios, most notably in the property exports and is creating new employment opportunities. and residential mortgage sectors, and is a key area of AIB has also engaged with industry groups and forums attention for the AIB Board and senior management. to highlight the availability of credit finance for SME With the acquisition of EBS on 1 July 2011, residential customers. We want to encourage demand for new lending mortgages now account for 46% of total AIB loans. The that will provide a net cash stimulus to the Irish economy. We have also launched national and provincial advertising 7 campaigns and sponsored events such as the Business & In 2011, AIB increased its market share of mortgage Finance Enterprise of the Year awards to raise awareness of sanctions from 20% in February to 35% in December. AIB’s open for business message. The bank approved more than 4,500 mortgage AIB exceeded the Irish Government’s € 3 billion SME applications in the year to a total value of more than lending target by € 600 million in 2011. We approved 33,500 € 800 million. out of 37,000 applications for credit received from small In 2012, we have set a minimum target of € 1 billion in businesses during the year – an approval rate of more than new mortgage sanctions for residential property transactions 90%. and ‘top ups’ on existing loans. In the latter part of 2011, we held more than 5,000 We are committed to promoting our open for business individual SME training sessions which aim to improve front agenda through ongoing communication with all mortgage line credit skills among our staff to help small businesses customers. prepare their credit applications. We in AIB accept we must do more to engage with Mortgages - customers in difficulty customers to support an increase in the provision of credit AIB implemented the Code of Conduct on Mortgage and to ensure the bank meets the 2012 SME lending target Arrears on 1 January 2011 and a new Arrears Support Unit of € 3.5 billion. We have a number of initiatives underway to was created. This unit had an original staffing level of 26 ensure we meet this goal. These include our Big Drive for which was increased to more than 200 by the year end. We Small Business campaign, a € 100 million job creation fund, plan to further increase resources in this area in 2012. More seminars with more than 15,000 SME customers plus SME than 2,500 staff were trained in the Code of Conduct for coaching programmes for over 2,000 business customers. Mortgage Arrears with over 750 staff trained in engagement In 2011, specialised units, called Enterprise Lending skills for customers in difficulty. Services, were created to support customers in difficulty. Case managers in these units, based in more than 44 locations Corporate Banking across Ireland, focus on an intensive and supportive Corporate Banking Ireland provides a customer centric engagement with customers and run specialised training relationship banking model to its client base and continues to courses to help restore firms to viability. see growth across all sectors specifically FDI, food and We increased the number of staff working in these units, agricultural services and information and communications from around 600 in June 2011 to approximately 1,000 by the technology. year end – an increase of more than 60%. FDI is seen as a critical sector for the export led recovery of Ireland and AIB continues to be the leading Irish bank to Accessibility - convenience initiatives this sector. In 2011, AIB launched initiatives to enable customers to access their banking services in a more convenient manner. EBS In October, we launched the first of our mobile banking apps On 31 March 2011 the Minister for Finance announced that and to date over 20% of our online customers – around EBS Building Society was to merge with AIB creating one of 165,000 people - actively use AIB apps on their mobile two pillar banks. The acquisition took place on 1 July, with devices. EBS Building Society having become EBS Limited (“EBS”). In August 2011 we launched our first self-service lobby This new entity now operates as a standalone, separately in one of our Dublin branches. Customers have the ability to branded subsidiary of AIB with its own banking licence. withdraw cash, lodge cheques and cash and complete bill EBS currently offers residential mortgages and savings payments or funds transfers through our internet kiosks from products, bancassurance and personal banking along with 8am to 9pm seven days a week. In 2011 we also launched a general insurance products on an agency basis to its pilot programme in 12 branches which saw opening hours customers. extended to provide greater convenience for our customers. Maintaining the EBS brand alongside the AIB brand will We intend to expand these initiatives in 2012. bring long term strength to AIB overall as the organisation Mortgages – new business operates a multi-brand strategy. Through the integration of back office operations, an optimum operating model for the A key objective of AIB is to contribute to market recovery by EBS business will be achieved with operational and cost achieving an increased share of the mortgage market in line efficiencies targeted through the process. with our status as a pillar bank. 8 Anglo deposit businesses In addition to our robust performance in deleveraging of AIB acquired the deposit businesses of Anglo Irish Bank non-core assets, 2011 also saw our Non-Core Unit Corporation (now known as Irish Bank Resolution completing the transfer of c.€20 billion of assets to NAMA Corporation) on 24 February 2011. These retail and pursuant to the NAMA Act 2009. corporate deposits in the amount of € 8.3 billion were spread across businesses in the Republic of Ireland, Great Britain and People Isle of Man. Earlier this month, we confirmed our voluntary redundancy The Anglo deposit businesses were acquired as part of an programme and we will provide more details on this scheme Irish Government mandated re-organisation of the Irish in the second quarter of this year following consultations domestic banking sector and provided a valuable source of with the unions representing our employees. additional customer deposits to AIB. AIB UK This programme is necessary if we are to adjust the cost structure of the bank to reflect a new reality in terms of our current and projected business volume. AIB Group (UK) plc continued to operate in a challenging The staff in AIB have shown great commitment and external environment in 2011. The business was significantly loyalty in a period of considerable uncertainty. Our restructured during the year to lay the foundations for a transformation agenda is complex and requires hard work return to viability. During 2011, the UK deposit book of and dedication across all areas of the bank. Anglo Irish Bank was acquired providing a complementary I would like to thank staff for their continued support as direct channel. we take further steps on the road to recovery and to a future AIB Group (UK) plc will now be managed as two as a standalone, independent bank. distinct business segments, AIB (GB) in Britain and First Trust While we continue to face challenges going forward, I Bank in Northern Ireland, with an overarching governance am optimistic about our future and I am very grateful for all and control structure. Non-Core Unit of the work completed by David Hodgkinson and the team before my arrival. I expect that David, who is now our Chairman, and I A condition of the bank’s recapitalisation was the will, as a team, be able to achieve continued progress towards deleveraging of c. € 20.5 billion of our € 27.7 billion our goals in 2012 and in the future. David Duffy Chief Executive 29 March 2012 (including € 2.6 billion in EBS) of non-core assets by end of December 2013. To achieve this AIB established a Non-Core Unit to formulate and implement AIB’s non-core deleveraging strategy. We have made good progress towards achieving the € 20.5 billion target with net loan reductions in the year of c. € 12.7 billion through a combination of disposals, restructurings, scheduled amortisation and additional provisioning. Disposals in the year totalled approximately € 6.5 billion at an average discount of 5%. Taking amortisations into account, the average discount for all of the non-core deleveraging amounts to approximately 4%. At € 12.7 billion our non-core net loan reduction was € 3.3 billion ahead of the target for 2011 and c. 62% of our overall target. Although we expect market conditions to remain difficult throughout 2012, we believe the bank is well positioned to meet its non-core deleveraging targets as set out in the Financial Measures Programme over the next two years and a strong start to disposals in early 2012 reinforces this view. 9 Corporate Social Responsibility AIB has worked with all stakeholders to provide Corporate Social Responsibility (“CSR”) support and the focus continues to be on adjusting to the rapidly changing market environment. AIB is committed to further embedding CSR policies and practices across the Group in order to restore its credibility and reputation. Marketplace AIB recognises its role in supporting its customers and in contributing to the general economic recovery. To support this objective, a number of initiatives were introduced. Small and Medium Enterprises (“SMEs”) A number of SME propositions to promote credit availability were introduced during 2011 and are proving successful. These included the Job Creation Fund (€ 100 million) and the Asset Finance Fund (€ 85 million). In addition, a Short Term Working Capital Finance Fund (€ 120 million - including Insurance Premium Finance and Promptpay) was launched at the end of 2010 and availability in this Fund continued into 2011. AIB also completed the disbursement of its European Investment Bank Loan Fund for SMEs (total fund € 250 million). As part of the commitments associated with the recapitalisation of the Group, AIB in partnership with Enterprise Ireland, launched a new € 22 million Seed Capital Fund in 2011. This funding is aimed at providing equity to a new generation of Irish businesses in the emerging markets sector. During 2011, a total of € 6.5million was invested in 21 new companies bringing the total cumulative investments to 78 in 50 separate companies, which are supporting 350 jobs. AIB has now facilitated the creation of € 75 million in total, in Seed Funding in Ireland. The AIB Business Start-up Package specifically tailored to meet the needs of new and early stage businesses was re-launched in October 2011. A key enhancement to the package provides new AIB Business Start-up customers with a 50% discount on their first year’s annual membership of their affiliated local Chamber of Commerce. To assist businesses in applying for credit the Credit Application Process was made more straightforward as AIB published a standard Credit Application Form in conjunction with Bank of Ireland. This standard form helps small businesses understand the information required to process their credit requirements. AIB also continued to increase its engagement with the SME sector during 2011. Close to 250 SME events were hosted by AIB, which were attended by 15,000 customers. In addition to this almost 2,000 Key Business Influencer engagements took place throughout the country. AIB also continued its role as lead sponsor in a number of national business events such as the Small Firms Association National Business Awards, the AIB Tullamore Show and the AIB Dublin Chamber of Commerce Dinner. The management of customers in difficulty was a key focus for AIB throughout 2011. A number of initiatives were undertaken such as the creation of new teams to engage with customers and their advisors. Customers in difficulty are being dealt with on a case by case basis with the aim of restoring their viability with appropriate and sustainable solutions. First Trust Bank in Northern Ireland subscribed to the Business Finance Taskforce, whereby major banks, in partnership with the British Bankers Association, are aiming to help the economy return to sustainable growth. As part of this, the Bank is working in partnership with the Northern Ireland Chamber of Commerce on an SME Mentoring Scheme. Under this scheme the Bank provides four mentors, who are experienced business bankers, to help and guide SMEs on access to finance for their start-up, growth or exports business. Personal Customers During 2011 AIB launched a Family Banking proposition to assist customers in managing their family finances. It is supported by a number of tools and guides, both online and offline. In response to customer research highlighting a requirement for greater convenience and improved access to branch-based banking services, AIB commenced a pilot of extended opening hours in 12 branch locations. AIB also launched a new Mobile Banking site, www.aib.ie/mobilebanking, tailored specifically to give access to AIB Internet Banking to smart phone users. The first three months saw over 100,000 customers using the service. 10 Mortgages 2011 saw AIB continue its support to mortgage customers who find themselves in financial difficulty. The Central Bank of Ireland’s Code of Conduct on Mortgage Arrears which includes the provision of short term forbearance to customers, where appropriate, was implemented during 2011 with significantly increased numbers of staff working with customers in this area. A specialised staff training programme was also implemented. In addition, the dedicated mortgage helpline for customers concerned about mortgage repayments was advertised in the national press, branches and online. AIB also developed a comprehensive Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy (“MARS”) to support the objective of providing long term mortgage arrears solutions for customers in financial difficulty while maintaining its capital position. Other In 2011, AIB provided further loan funding to finance the activities of the Social Finance Foundation. AIB is a shareholder in the Foundation which was created in 2007. The Foundation continues to be the largest Irish provider of loan finance at affordable interest rates to community based projects and micro enterprises. AIB also continued to provide quarterly reports to the Department of Finance and the Central Bank of Ireland on its customer support obligations under the terms of the Government recapitalisation programme. People 2011 was another year of significant change for staff in AIB. The sale of various businesses during the year e.g. BZWBK, Goodbody Stockbrokers, AIB International Financial Services and the divestment of overseas loan portfolios resulted in significant reductions in staff numbers in AIB. Meanwhile, the integration of EBS and the Anglo Irish Bank deposit business saw staff moving to AIB. AIB’s Transformation Programme was initiated in 2011. Rebuilding the organisation was the priority and a new organisation structure was designed and confirmed in May. AIB placed a major emphasis on leadership throughout the organisation to prepare for the extensive changes called for under AIB’s Transformation Programme. There was a strong focus on bringing about positive changes to organisation culture. Desired ‘AIB Behaviours’ and ‘ways of working’ were introduced. A large number of senior Management attended Leadership Development courses to help understand, lead and embed the desired behaviours across the organisation. A significant communications programme was also undertaken as these managers cascaded the behaviours and ‘ways of working’ to all staff in the organisation via a series of engagement conversations. Credit Skills training remained the top Learning & Development priority in 2011. The Credit Professionalism Programme, to ensure that we build and sustain the required level of credit professionalism across the organisation continued throughout the year. The Programme was implemented through a combination of eLearning, distance learning and classroom courses. The key areas of focus were financial literacy, cashflow lending, debt restructuring and the professional requirements of AIB and the financial services industry. Over 1,500 staff are participating in a self study programme, more than 1,200 staff participated in classroom training and nearly 2,000 have completed a total of 4,237 eLearning modules as part of the credit training curriculum. Other specialised training programmes focused on credit, restructuring, leadership and customer relationship management were also run in 2011. In Ireland, 2,834 staff achieved accreditation as required under the Minimum Competency Code (“MCC”) 2011. The total number of MCC accredited staff in AIB now stands at 7,419. Ongoing continuing professional development is required by these staff to maintain this accreditation. In response to AIB’s strong commitment to supporting the SME sector, a modular training programme was also delivered to Relationship Managers who engage with SME customers, incorporating SME product knowledge, SME business lending and engagement. A new ‘Supporting Customers in Difficulty’ training programme, facilitated by external professionals, was also rolled-out to front-line staff in 2011. During the year, training support was concentrated on staff members fulfilling front-line customer facing roles in the three prioritised areas of SMEs, Deposits and Mortgages. Mandatory eLearning courses, under AIB’s Compliance and Ethics training programme, covered topics such as anti-money laundering, data protection, sanctions and acceptable use of AIB systems. AIB continues to engage with its employee representatives, in particular the Irish Bank Officials Association (“IBOA”) on a range of issues. Discussions have focused on the potential impact of the Transformation Programme on costs and employee numbers. AIB and its employee representatives will be working closely together, primarily through its partnership arrangements with the IBOA and SIPTU, to facilitate the delivery of the Transformation Programme. 11 Corporate Social Responsibility Employee information AIB Group* Total staff ** Average age of employees (years) Voluntary attrition Average length of service (years) Permanent/temporary staff mix Part-time/Full time staff mix Gender mix: 14,501 41 6.3% 15 93% Permanent, 7% Temporary 90% Full Time, 10% Part-time 41% Male, 59% Female *Information as at December 2011. **Reflects the Full Time Equivalent (“FTE”) of staff in payment, includes staff on paid leave arrangements, includes EBS staff. Community A number of financial education programmes continued during the year. AIB had the highest number of corporate volunteers to deliver Junior Achievement’s curriculum in schools in Ireland, preparing young people for the world of work and teaching financial literacy. The AIB Build a Bank Challenge and the ‘Green Dragon’ initiatives continued to support and promote financial education and entrepreneurial skills development in second level schools. AIB continues to be a member of the Business in the Community (“BITC”) network and supports the BITC Schools Business Partnership, a programme which aims to address educational disadvantage in Ireland. AIB worked with the National Consumer Agency (“NCA”) in the development and delivery of a successful pilot programme called ‘Money Skills for Life’. This programme involves a one-hour presentation to employees in their workplace covering topics including managing your money, saving and investing, planning for retirement and dealing with debt, among others. The programme is available to all workplaces in Ireland, run by the NCA with presenters from the financial services industry, including volunteers from AIB. AIB is in its third decade of sponsorship with the Gaelic Athletic Association (“GAA”) and in particular, the AIB All Ireland Club Championships which focus on club and games development. AIB continued to offer its corporate hospitality boxes in Croke Park and the Aviva Stadium for use by registered charities in the Republic of Ireland, to entertain their donors and patrons, during the 2010/2011 GAA and rugby seasons. More than 90 charities from around the country availed of the opportunity to attend the fixtures during 2011 including the Hospice Foundation, the National Children’s Hospital, St. Vincent de Paul, Make a Wish Foundation and Enable Ireland. Allied Irish Bank (GB) has supported the London Irish Rugby Football Club Academy for over ten years in its community programme. The programme promotes education, social inclusion, teamwork and active lifestyles through the creation of rugby related programmes. In 2011 it delivered approximately 1,000 hours of coaching across 100 schools and provided 750 hours of coaching to amateur clubs. AIB supported its sponsorship of the 2011 Solheim Cup and Ladies Irish Open. A decision was taken to transfer the branding rights and associated benefits to Failte Ireland. The event was very successful in profiling Ireland abroad and generated an economic impact value of € 35 million. AIB continued to support the arts and sponsored the Irish Photojournalism Awards for the ninth year. These annual awards, which are run in conjunction with the Press Photographers Association of Ireland, recognise, reward and showcase excellence in press photography The AIB Photojournalism exhibition travelled to AIB branches around the country giving access to the exhibition to as wide an audience as possible. During 2011 over 100 key artworks including paintings, sculptures and graphics from the AIB Art Collection were lent to public galleries and arts centres both at home and abroad for public viewing. 12 Environment AIB is fully committed to sustainability with a commitment to live up to its responsibilities and continuously seek to improve effort in this area. During 2011, the transformation of the enterprise has been paramount for AIB. As a result, building occupancy and usage has increased with a consequent rise in energy consumption over the period. This is a temporary situation which will be corrected over the coming few years. This increase in energy consumption also provides AIB with an incentive to find other ways of reducing consumption and the organisation remains committed to this. The merger with EBS will increase the carbon footprint of the AIB organisation as a whole. However, the consolidation of the Head Office, which is currently underway, will more than compensate for this over the coming few years. The bin-less office initiative in AIB’s head office in Bankcentre has continued to generate positive results with the volume of general waste reducing from 21 tons in January 2011 to 9.16 tons in December 2011. Correspondingly, the percentage of recycling waste has increased from 55% in January to 78% in December 2011. In 2011, AIB completed a pilot lease-to-own low energy lighting retrofit project in partnership with Siemens Ireland. The new lighting and control systems employed achieve much greater efficiencies, thereby reducing energy consumption and lighting costs by up to 78%. The success of this initiative demonstrates one of the ways in which AIB can achieve reductions in its carbon footprint. AIB will continue to look for opportunities to extend such schemes. The AIB ‘Add more Green Fund’ e-statement initiative continued to be popular with over 325,000 customers opting for online rather than paper statements. AIB donates € 2 for every customer who avails of this option and this has generated over € 1.2 million for the fund. This fund is used to support environmental projects both in Ireland and abroad. More information www.aibgroup.com/csr 13 Financial review 1. Business description 1.1 History 1.2 Developments in recent years 1.3 Strategy 1.4 The businesses of AIB Group 1.5 Organisational structure 1.6 Competition 1.7 Economic conditions affecting the Group 2. Financial data 3. Management report 4. Capital management 5. Critical accounting policies & estimates 6. Deposits and short term borrowings 7. Financial investments available for sale 8. Financial investments held to maturity 9. Contractual obligations Page 15 15 16 18 20 21 22 24 27 45 49 54 57 59 60 14  Financial review -1. Business description 1.1 History AIB, originally named Allied Irish Banks Limited, was incorporated in Ireland in September 1966 as a result of the amalgamation of three long established banks: the Munster and Leinster Bank Limited (established 1885), the Provincial Bank of Ireland Limited (established 1825) and the Royal Bank of Ireland Limited (established 1836). In December 1983, AIB acquired 43 per cent. of the outstanding shares of First Maryland Bankcorp (“FMB”). In 1989, AIB completed the acquisition of 100 per cent. of the outstanding shares of common stock of FMB. During the 1990s, there were a number of ‘bolt-on’ acquisitions, the most notable being Dauphin Deposit Bank and Trust Company, a Pennsylvania chartered commercial bank which was acquired in 1997. Subsequently, all banking operations were merged into Allfirst Bank. In 2003, Allfirst was integrated with M&T Bank Corporation (“M&T”). Under the terms of the agreement AIB received 26.7 million shares in M&T, representing a stake of approximately 22.5 per cent. in the enlarged M&T, together with US$ 886.1 million cash, of which US$ 865 million was received by way of a pre-sale dividend from Allfirst Bank. AIB entered the Polish market in 1995, when it acquired a non-controlling interest in Wielkopolski Bank Kredytowy S.A. (“WBK”). In September 1999, it completed the acquisition of an 80 per cent. shareholding in Bank Zachodni S.A. (‘Bank Zachodni’) from the State Treasury. In June 2001, WBK merged with Bank Zachodni to form BZWBK, following which the Group held a 70.5 per cent. interest in the newly-merged entity. The Group’s interest in BZWBK decreased to approximately 70.36 per cent. when BZWBK’s share capital was increased in 2009. In October 1996, AIB's retail operations in the United Kingdom were integrated and the enlarged entity was renamed AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. with two distinct trading names, First Trust Bank in Northern Ireland and Allied Irish Bank (GB) in Great Britain. In January 2006, Aviva Life & Pensions Ireland Limited and AIB’s life assurance subsidiary, Ark Life, were brought together under a holding company Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited (“ALH”), formerly Hibernian Life Holdings Limited. This resulted in AIB owning an interest of 24.99% in ALH. Following this, AIB entered into an exclusive agreement to distribute the life and pensions products of the venture. 1.2 Developments in Recent Years A key element of AIB’s pre-crisis market positioning was its involvement in the Irish property sector, which was the fastest growing segment of the Irish economy. From the late 1990s to 2006, the mortgage market in Ireland expanded rapidly as housing prices soared, driven in part by economic and wage growth and a low interest rate environment. The global financial system began to experience difficulties in mid-2007. This resulted in severe dislocation of international financial markets around the world, unprecedented levels of illiquidity in the global capital markets and significant declines in the values of nearly all asset classes. Governments throughout the world took action to support their financial systems and banks, given the critical role which properly functioning financial systems and banks play in economies. Global financial market conditions triggered a substantial deterioration in domestic economic conditions and property values. In 2008, as the Irish economy started to decline and as interest rates continued to increase, housing oversupply persisted and mortgage delinquencies increased. Declining residential and commercial property prices also led to a significant slowdown in the construction sector in Ireland. As a result, loan impairments in the Irish construction and property and residential mortgage sectors, to which AIB was heavily exposed, increased substantially. These dynamics began to present funding and liquidity issues for AIB as well as a rapid deterioration in the Group’s capital base. The Irish Government recognised the pressing need to stabilise Irish financial institutions and to create greater certainty for all stakeholders. A number of measures were implemented by the Irish Government in response to the continuing crisis.These measures were taken to enhance the availability of liquidity and improve access to funding for AIB and other systemically important financial institutions in Ireland. The first action was the establishment of the Credit Institutions (Financial Support) (“CIFS”) Scheme on 30 September 2008, by which the Minister for Finance guaranteed certain liabilities of covered institutions, including AIB, until 29 September 2010. This was followed by the € 3.5 billion subscription by the National Pension Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) on 13 May 2009 for the 2009 Preference Shares and 2009 Warrants. Subsequently, the Minister for Finance established the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilites Guarantee) (“ELG”) Scheme in December 2009 which facilitates participating institutions issuing debt securities and taking deposits during an issuance window until 30 June 2011 and with a maximum maturity of 5 years. AIB joined the ELG Scheme on 21 January 2010 and the ELG Scheme has since been extended to 31 December 2012 (this extension is subject to EU State Aid approval which has been received but which is due to expire on 30 June 2012, and will require an extension from that stage). In December 2009 the Irish Government established the National Asset Management Agency (“NAMA”) which has acquired certain performing and non-performing land and development and associated loans from participating 15  Financial review -1. Business description banks, freeing up banks’ balance sheets and facilitating the easier flow of credit throughout the Irish economy. AIB has transferred approximately € 20 billion of assets to NAMA. The original Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) announced by the Central Bank of Ireland (‘the Central Bank’) on 30 March 2010 imposed a requirement for AIB, among other credit institutions, to strengthen and increase its capital base to help restore confidence in the Irish banking sector. The PCAR assessed the capital requirement of AIB and other Irish credit institutions in the context of expected losses and other financial developments, under both base and stress-case scenarios, over the period from 2010 to 2012. Following the results of the original PCAR exercise, AIB disposed of its stake in M&T on 4 November 2010, a transaction which generated core tier 1 capital of € 0.9 billion. AIB announced, on 10 September 2010, the sale of its Polish interests to Banco Santander S.A. for a total cash consideration of € 3.1 billion. This transaction completed on 1 April 2011 and AIB generated core tier 1 capital of approximately € 2.3 billion as a result of the disposal. AIB also disposed of Goodbody Holdings Limited; AIB International Financial Services Limited; AIB Jerseytrust Limited; and its 49.99% shareholding in Bulgarian-American Credit Bank; and announced the disposal of AIB Asset Management Holdings (Ireland) Limited, including AIB Investment Managers. AIB’s capital position did not meet minimum 2010 year-end target requirements. As a result, on the Minister’s application, the High Court issued, on 23 December 2010, a direction order under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 with the consent of AIB, directing AIB to issue € 3.8 billion of new equity capital to the NPRFC. This also resulted in the delisting of AIB’s ordinary shares from both the Main Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange and from the Official List maintained by the UK Financial Services Authority. AIB’s ordinary shares were subsequently admitted, in January 2011, to the Enterprise Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange. Furthermore, AIB announced in August 2011 that its American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) have now been deemed to be delisted and have ceased to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange. On 24 February 2011, AIB acquired deposits of € 7 billion and NAMA senior bonds with a nominal value of € 12 billion from Anglo Irish Bank, pursuant to a transfer order issued by the High Court under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010. AIB also acquired Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (International) PLC in the Isle of Man, including customer deposits of almost € 1.6 billion. On 1 July 2011, as part of the restructuring of the Irish banking system, AIB completed the acquisition of EBS for a nominal cash payment of € 1.00. EBS had € 19.2 billion of total assets, approximately € 16.0 billion of customer loans and € 10.1 billion of customer deposits at this date. This transaction represents a significant consolidation within the Irish banking sector, resulting in the formation of one of two pillar banks in Ireland. On 31 March 2011, the Central Bank published its ‘Financial Measures Programme Report’, which detailed the outcome of PCAR 2011 and Prudential Liquidity Assessment Review (“PLAR”) 2011 for certain Irish credit institutions, including AIB and EBS. On this date, the Central Bank stated that it had set a new capital target for AIB and EBS, ultimately requiring AIB and EBS to generate a total of € 14.8 billion of additional capital. This additional capital requirement was satisfied through AIB’s placing of € 5.0 billion of new ordinary shares with the NPRFC, capital contributions totalling € 6.1 billion from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC, the issue of € 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes at par to the Minister (which completed on 27 July 2011), and further burden-sharing measures undertaken with the Group’s subordinated debt-holders. Following these actions, the State, through the NPRFC, now owns 99.8% of the ordinary shares of AIB. 1.3 Strategy AIB is a universal full-service domestic Irish pillar bank. As a leading retail, commercial and corporate bank AIB’s primary activities are focused on the island of Ireland with an extensive distribution network through which a wide range of banking products and services are offered. AIB has a limited but focused overseas presence including a niche retail and corporate banking operation in Great Britain. As stewards of shareholder value, AIB’s strategic priorities are focused on the development and growth of its newly restructured core customer-focused franchise, supporting the Irish economy on its path to recovery, and on seeking to generate a risk-adjusted return for the Irish State from its investment in the Group. The Group is undergoing significant restructuring and the implementation of a new operating model is underway. This new model is transforming the Group into a smaller, less complex organisation. As part of this process, the legacy divisional structure has been replaced by an integrated bank comprising the following customer-facing units: i) Personal & Business Banking, which covers retail and small business banking operations in the Republic of Ireland and includes asset finance, wealth management and credit card services; ii) Corporate, Institutional and Commercial Banking, which provides a fully integrated, relationship-based banking service to commercial and corporate enterprises, both domestic and international; iii) AIB UK, which serves the retail, commercial and corporate banking customers of both First Trust Bank and AIB GB; and iv) EBS, an Irish retail banking operation, which is managed as a 16 separate brand and organisation within the AIB structure. A streamlining and a centralisation of control and support functions is also underway. In particular, AIB is strengthening its internal controls, its governance structures and its approach to risk management. The restructuring of the Group continues to evolve through the progressive disposal and winding down of non-core assets. Loans to Irish retail, commercial, and corporate customers are broadly considered central to both AIB’s competitive position and to its desire to support and develop the domestic economy, and these loans are therefore considered ‘core assets’. The bulk of the remaining loans are deemed ‘non-core’ and AIB is in the process of deleveraging these non-core assets. To manage the deleveraging process, AIB has established a Non-Core unit to oversee the disposal and run-off of selected non-core assets. The realisation of AIB’s strategic objectives envisages that AIB will become a profitable, viable financial institution over the 2012-2014 period. In line with its improved customer focus, AIB’s product ranges will be simplified and repositioned to provide value at an acceptable return. Through deleveraging, organisational changes and a redefined customer focus AIB is developing a strong foundation from which a profitable viable business can emerge and grow. AIB continues to operate within a challenging domestic and international economic environment. The recovery of the Irish economy, and financial stability in the Eurozone/the European economy, are critical in the context of demand for credit, maintaining credit quality, and access to wholesale funding markets. EU Restructuring Plan The financial support provided to AIB by the Irish Government, including the support as part of the July 2011 recapitalisation, is subject to review and approval by the European Commission under EU state aid rules. The Bank’s original restructuring plan was submitted to the European Commission in November 2009. Following the capital injection from the Irish Government in December 2010, and the recapitalisation of the Bank by the Irish Government in July 2011, an updated restructuring plan was submitted to the European Commission in July 2011. AIB expects European Commission approval of its restructuring plan in 2012. The European Commission may require AIB to undertake structural and behavioural measures, including measures to support the development of competition in the Irish market. 17 Financial review -1. Business description 1.4 The businesses of AIB Group The business of AIB Group is now conducted through four major operating market segments namely: Personal and Business Banking (“PBB”), Corporate Institutional and Commercial Banking (“CICB”), EBS and AIB UK which are described below. Personal and Business Banking AIB’s Personal and Business Banking (“PBB”) segment was created in 2011 to service the personal and small business customers of AIB, in addition to including the wealth management and credit card services. PBB commands a strong presence in all key sectors including SMEs, mortgages and personal banking. It provides customers with choice and convenience through: - - - A range of delivery channels consisting of 267 branches and outlets, 780 ATMs and AIB Phone and Internet Banking as well as an alliance with An Post which provides AIB customers with banking services at over 1,000 post offices nationwide; A wide range of banking products and services; and A choice of payment methods including cheques, debit and credit cards, self service and automated domestic and international payments. AIB is the principal banker to many leading public and private companies and government bodies, and plays an important role in the Irish economy. AIB is a founding member of the Irish Payments Services Organisation and is a member of the Irish Clearing Systems for paper, electronic and real-time gross settlement. The main distribution channel for PPB is an extensive branch network structured around meeting personal and business banking needs. Complementing the AIB branch channel is the AIB Direct Channels operation (leading Irish online banking service), offering self service capability through telephone, internet, mobile, ATM, self service kiosks and automated payments. The Wealth Management unit delivers wealth propositions to AIB customers, tailored to the needs of specific customer segments. AIB Card Services provides credit and debit card products to all AIB customers, supporting their payment and consumer credit requirements. The products are delivered across all channels. AIB has a joint venture with First Data International, trading as AIB Merchant Services, which provides access for merchant and partners in the merchant acquiring business. Corporate Institutional and Commercial Banking Corporate Institutional and Commercial Banking (“CICB”), was created in 2011 to service large and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom and the United States in addition to Treasury Services, Corporate Finance and Asset Finance. CICB supports the business customer through Corporate & Institutional banking (“C&I”) and Commercial Banking. C&I provides a fully integrated relationship-based banking service to top-tier companies, both domestic and international, including financial institutions, Irish commercial state companies and large multinationals. C&I’s activities also include participating in, developing and arranging acquisition, project and property finance primarily in Ireland. Commercial Banking provides a fully integrated relationship banking service to medium sized enterprises in Ireland. Commercial Banking operates out of 14 commercial centres across the republic and has a strong presence in all key SME sectors. AIB Finance and Leasing and AIB Commercial Services are the asset finance arm of AIB. Services include leasing, hire purchase and invoice discounting delivered via the branch network, direct sales force, broker intermediaries, relationship managers or the internet. Customer Treasury Services provides a wide range of treasury, risk management, payments and import and export related financial services to corporate, commercial and retail customers of the group. EBS On 31 March 2011, the Minister for Finance announced that AIB was to acquire EBS Building Society following its demutualisation. On 1 July 2011, EBS Building Society converted into EBS Limited (“EBS”) and AIB completed the transaction on that date. While the two institutions together form one of the two pillar banks in Ireland, EBS operates as a standalone, separately branded subsidiary of AIB with its own banking licence. EBS operates in the Republic of Ireland and has a countrywide network of 14 owned branches, 76 agency branches and a direct telephone based distribution division (EBS Direct). EBS’s network gives it a physical presence in communities across Ireland and this is important in allowing it to provide a high quality service to its customers. EBS offers residential mortgages and savings products, bancassurance, personal banking and general insurance products on an agency basis. In the residential market, as at 31 December 2011, EBS had approximately 11% share of outstanding mortgage loans and approximately 8% of retail savings. 18 AIB UK The AIB UK market segment operates in two distinct markets, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with different economies and operating environments. The market segment’s activities are carried out primarily through AIB Group (UK) p.l.c, a bank registered in the UK and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”). Great Britain In this market, the segment operates under the trading name Allied Irish Bank (GB) from 28 full service branches. The head office is located in Mayfair, London with a significant back office operation in Uxbridge, West London and a processing centre in Belfast. A full service is offered to business customers, professionals, and high net worth individuals. Allied Irish Bank (GB) is positioned as a specialist business bank, providing a relationship focused alternative to UK high street banks. The bank offers a full range of banking services, including daily banking, deposits solutions, corporate banking and international management and personal banking offerings, delivered through the traditional branch network and online banking systems. Allied Irish Bank (GB)’s relationship approach has been validated externally on a number of occasions over the past decade by Business Superbrands and the Forum of Private Business and the bank’s commitment to staff development has consistently achieved the recognition of the Investors in People (“IiP”) standard since 1995. On 24 February 2011, customer deposits previously held by Anglo Irish Bank in the UK were transferred to Allied Irish Bank (GB) which now provides a direct deposits service to circa 60,000 mass market personal customers in Great Britain through its new Allied Irish Bank (GB) Savings Direct brand. This additional customer segment offers significant growth potential in the mass market retail deposits sector. Northern Ireland In this market, the segment operates under the trading name First Trust Bank from 47 branches and outlets in Northern Ireland. The First Trust Bank head office is located in Belfast, together with the segmental processing centre. A full service, including internet and telephone banking is offered to business and personal customers across the range of customer segments, including professionals and high net worth individuals, small and medium enterprises, as well as the public and corporate sectors. Specialist services, including mortgages, credit cards, invoice discounting and asset finance are based in Belfast and delivered throughout the market segment. First Trust Independent Financial Advisers provides sales and advice on regulated products and services, including protection, investment and pension requirements. First Trust Bank is strongly rooted in the communities which it serves and supports a wide range of business, community and charitable initiatives, with strong links to the education sector in Northern Ireland. Discontinued operations/disposals Following the implementation of a new strategic direction, and significant changes to the organisational structure, certain businesses have been disposed or are in the process of disposal. Discontinued operations BZWBK, AIB’s Polish subsidiary, and Bulgarian American Credit Bank were classified as discontinued operations at 31 December 2010 and were disposed of during 2011. Other disposals During 2011, the Group disposed of AIB International Financial Services Limited, a provider of outsourced financial services to international banks and corporations and AIB Jerseytrust, AIB’s trust business based in Jersey. 19 Financial review -1. Business description 1.5 Organisational structure AIB comprises a number of legal entities, the parent company being Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. which has investments in a number of subsidiaries and associated companies. The principal legal entities as well as the more significant business activities are shown below: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. General retail and business banking through some 267 branches and outlets and 14 commercial centres in the Republic of Ireland. Management of liquidity and funding needs; interest and exchange rate exposures; financial market trading activities; provision of lending; trade finance and commercial treasury services; provision of corporate banking and not-for-profit activities. AIB Mortgage Bank This company’s principal activity is the issue of Mortgage Covered Securities for the purpose of financing loans secured on residential property, in accordance with the Asset Covered Securities Act, 2001 and 2007. EBS Limited EBS Limited (EBS) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 1 July 2011. EBS has a countrywide network of 90 outlets, comprising 14 branches, 41 tied branch agencies and 35 tied agencies in Ireland and also has a direct telephone based distribution division, EBS Direct. EBS offers residential mortgages and savings products, together with life and property insurance on an agency basis. EBS Mortgage Finance is a designated mortgage credit institution for the purposes of the Asset Covered Securities Act 2001 and 2007 and also holds a banking licence. Haven Mortgages Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of EBS, is focused on mortgage distribution through the intermediary market. Haven offers a full range of prime mortgages. AIB Leasing Limited Asset financing company providing leasing products. AIB Insurance Services Limited Provision of general insurance services. Acts as an insurance intermediary. AIB Bank (CI) Limited Jersey (Channel Islands) based company providing a full range of offshore banking services including lending and internet banking facilities. It also maintains a branch in the Isle of Man. AIB Corporate Finance Limited Provision of corporate advisory services to companies including merger, acquisition, capital raising and strategic financial advice. AIB Group (UK) plc 28 branches in Britain, trading as Allied Irish Bank (GB), focused primarily on the mid-corporate business sector. 47 branches and outlets in Northern Ireland, trading as First Trust Bank, focused on general retail and commercial banking and also asset finance and leasing. 20 1.6 Competition Republic of Ireland Competition in banking in the Republic of Ireland has undergone a significant transformation in light of the economic crisis with a resultant change in both operating models and behaviours. The economic crisis and resultant banking crisis has lead to both Government and European intervention through Government sponsored bank guarantee schemes, the recapitalisation of many banks operating in Ireland (both domestic and foreign), the nationalisation of or provision of substantial Government financial support across the majority of domestic institutions as well as transfer of property related assets to the National Asset Management Agency. The focus of competitive activity in retail banking continues to be to provide enhanced credit support to existing customers, in particular SMEs, mortgages to support stimulation of economic turnaround, provision of support for customers in difficulty, as well as retention and gathering of deposits. Deposits pricing continues to be extremely competitive. Domestic demand continued to fall in 2011 resulting in limited demand for banking products and services in both the personal and business markets. In the personal market consumers continue to pay down debt and save more, reflected in a reduction in national personal credit levels and an increase in national personal savings ratio. Activity in mortgages continues to be limited. The economic downturn has resulted in both domestic and foreign institutions realigning their business models in response to the reduced demand. Most foreign owned institutions have either withdrawn completely, are in the process of withdrawing and are no longer providing credit or are scaling back substantially. UK Competition in the UK banking market has been changed dramatically by the global economic crisis, and specific issues with Ireland and Irish banks have had an adverse impact on Irish banks operating in the UK market. While public concern in the UK regarding the stability of the Irish banking system continued in 2011, there was also increased focus on Europe and whether the euro would survive. Ireland’s state authorities prolonged the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee Scheme, which was put in place to safeguard all deposits with Ireland’s guaranteed banks (including their UK operations). During 2011, the positive impact of this guarantee was evident as the level of withdrawals from Irish banks operating in the UK market was less evident than in 2010. The focus of activity in a very competitive UK retail deposit market continued to be on maintaining close customer relationships so as to retain existing and attract new deposits. On the credit side, demand for new lending continued to be subdued due to the economic climate, though small businesses reported that bank finance was difficult to obtain. The rate of growth was similar to that for 2010. Demand for secured lending by households increased, with demand for buy-to-let lending picking up significantly. Demand for unsecured lending was broadly unchanged on 2010 figures. United States Since the disposal of M&T Bank Corporation in November 2010, AIB’s presence in the United States has been substantially reduced and is focused on a specific range of banking activity. 21 Financial review -1. Business description 1.7 Economic conditions affecting the Group AIB’s activities in Ireland accounted for the majority of the Group’s business in 2011. As a result, the performance of the Irish economy is extremely important to the Group. The Group also continued to operate businesses during 2011 in the United Kingdom, which means that it is also influenced directly by political, economic and financial developments there. However, as Ireland has a very open economy, its performance is very dependent on global economic and financial developments, particularly among advanced economies, as well as domestic factors. Global Economy Since August 2007, global financial markets have experienced significant volatility and turmoil which have caused a breakdown of wholesale banking markets, large write-downs among financial institutions, a major change in the banking landscape and a credit crisis that has extended into some sovereign debt markets. The impact of the financial crisis has been very damaging. According to the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”), world GDP fell by 0.7% in 2009, with the advanced economies suffering a decline in real GDP of 3.7%. The world economy has recovered since around the middle of 2009, but at a moderate pace. World GDP bounced back in 2010 with growth of 5.2% but the rate of expansion slowed in 2011 to 3.8% and is forecast by the International Monetary Fund in its World Economic Outlook Update (24 January 2012) to expand by 3.3% in 2012. However, global GDP growth is expected to increase to 3.9% in 2013. This compares to average GDP growth of 5% in the period 2004-2007. (Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, Sept 2011, Table A1) The recovery has been particularly sluggish and uneven in advanced economies, where GDP growth accelerated to 3.2% in 2010 but slowed to 1.6% in 2011. According to the IMF, (24 January 2012 Update) growth in advanced economies will slow further to 1.2% in 2012 before recovering to 1.9% in 2013. The United States, the United Kingdom and the Eurozone are Ireland’s three most important trading partners. A moderate recovery in activity has been underway in all three economies since around the middle of 2009. However, all three economies lost momentum over the course of 2011, with the UK and Eurozone at risk of falling back into mild recession in 2012. US GDP grew by 3% in 2010 and by 1.7% in 2011, with the IMF forecasting growth of 1.8% for 2012 and 2.2% for 2013. GDP growth in the United Kingdom was 2.1% in 2010 but slowed to 0.8% in 2011. The IMF expects UK real GDP to expand by just 0.6% in 2012 but rise to 2% in 2013. Meanwhile, in the Eurozone, GDP growth was 1.8% in 2010 and is estimated at 1.4% last year with the IMF predicting a fall of 0.5% in GDP in 2012. (Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Update, 24 January 2012). The IMF is forecasting a modest recovery in eurozone growth of 0.8% in 2013. Irish Economy According to Ireland’s Central Statistics Office’s (“CSO”) National Income and Expenditure (“NIE”) 2010 publication, real GDP in Ireland fell by 0.4% in 2010 following declines of 7% in 2009 and 3% in 2008. The severity of the 2008-10 Irish recession was primarily due to the particularly sharp decline in construction activity, especially residential property investment. Based on CSO NIE estimates, construction investment fell by over half in the three year period 2008-2010, declining from 14% to 7% of GDP. Within this, the fall in new housing output depressed GDP by some 5.5% in the period 2008-2010. National accounts data published by the CSO for the full year 2011 show that GDP rose by 0.7% even though declining construction activity remained a drag on growth. This was the first annual average increase in real GDP since 2007. (Source: CSO Quarterly National Accounts Release March 2012). Consumer and government spending continued to decline in 2011. Exports, though, continued to grow last year, rising by an estimated 4%, following an increase of 6% in 2010. Due to the very large role played by exports of foreign-owned multinationals in the Irish economy, there is a significant amount of annual profit repatriations which often results in differences in the annual growth in GDP and GNP, since the profits of multinationals are not included in GNP. The latter was smaller in absolute terms in 2011, by the equivalent of 21% of nominal GDP. (Source: CSO Quarterly National Accounts Release March 2012). According to the CSO’s NIE publication, real GNP actually rose by 0.3% in 2010 compared to a 0.4% fall in real GDP. In 2011, however, real GNP fell by 2.5% compared with the rise in real GDP of 0.7%. The depressed domestic demand conditions, but recovery in exports, have led to a marked turnaround in the balance of payments. According to CSO data, Ireland recorded a balance of payments surplus on the current account of € 761 million in 2010, the first surplus since 1999. This compares with current account deficits of over € 10 billion in 2007 and 2008 and € 4.7 billion in 2009. CSO data for 2011 show a smaller surplus of € 127 million. (Source: CSO Balance of Payments Release March 2012). Credit growth remained weak in Ireland in 2011. Loans to households were down 3.8% year-on-year at end 2011, while lending for house purchase fell by 2.5% on the same basis. (Source: Central Bank of Ireland, Money and Banking Statistics December 2011) 22 House prices were down by 16.7% year-on-year at end 2011 according to the CSO house price index, as the housing market remained very weak. Not surprisingly, given the deep recession, labour market conditions have weakened significantly in Ireland since 2007. Employment fell by 1.1% in 2008 and 8.2% in 2009 according to CSO data, and fell by a further 4.2% in 2010. Employment fell a further 2.1% in 2011.While the labour force also contracted, CSO data shows that the unemployment rate rose to 14.6% by the second half of 2011. (Source: CSO Quarterly National Household Survey Q4 2011) Ireland retains many of the fundamental factors that supported strong rates of economic growth in the past two decades (such as a young, highly educated labour force, a relatively competitive corporate tax regime, labour market flexibility, access to European and global markets and continued inward FDI). These factors, as well as gains in competitiveness, will be crucial in restoring the economy to a solid growth path over the next number of years. Another modest rise in GDP is expected in 2012, helped by a continuing strong performance from exports, with growth picking up thereafter. Much progress is being made in terms of improving competitiveness. According to the CSO data, the average rate of inflation in 2010, as measured by the CPI, was -1.0% following the rate of -4.5% recorded in 2009. The annual rate of inflation as measured by the HICP, which excludes mortgages, was -1.6% in 2010 and -1.7% in 2009. In 2011, the Irish HICP rate averaged 1.1%, the only eurozone country that had a sub 2% rate last year. (Source: Eurostat: CPI Report 17 Jan 2012) Weak economic activity, a strong exchange rate against Sterling and the US dollar, increased competitive pressures and declining wages have all contributed to much lower inflation in Ireland than its main export markets in recent years. Furthermore, the European Commission estimates that unit wage costs will decline by close to 14% in Ireland in the period 2009-2013, while it forecasts that they will rise by 6.7% and almost 15% over the same timeframe in the eurozone and UK, respectively. (Source: EC European Economic Forecast - Autumn 2011) The European Central Bank, which regulates monetary policy for the Euro area as a whole, cut the official refinancing rate to 1% in May 2009 from a peak of 4.25% in July 2008. It then raised rates by 25bps points in both April and July 2011 in response to rising inflationary pressures. However, it reversed these two rates hikes in the final two months of 2011, bringing the refi rate back down to 1%. The Irish public finances deteriorated sharply during the recession, moving into large deficit due to the very sharp fall in tax revenues largely associated with the downturn in the Irish housing market. The budget in 2010 stabilised the underlying deficit at 11.5% of GDP and in 2011 the deficit fell to some 10% of GDP, with the budget deficit target set at 8.6% of GDP for 2012. Further corrective actions will be necessary and the government has committed to reducing the deficit to below 3% of GDP by 2015. (Source: Dept of Finance, Budget 2012) The Irish General Government debt/GDP ratio fell steadily from over 95% in 1991 to 25% by 2007 (Source: Ireland Information Memorandum published by the NTMA in March 2008). However, as a result of higher budget deficits and falling levels of GDP, Ireland’s General Government debt/GDP ratio is estimated by the Dept of Finance (Budget 2012) to have climbed to 107% of GDP at end 2011, up from 93% in 2010 and 65% in 2009. Bank recapitalisation costs boosted government debt levels greatly in 2010-2011; in particular, the treatment of promissory notes which Eurostat ruled had all to be added to the debt figures in 2010. Yields on Irish government bonds rose sharply to prohibitive levels in the closing months of 2010 - there was a sharp rise in yields on bonds in other peripheral eurozone countries as well. The Irish banking system also became highly dependent on ECB funding. This triggered concerns within the EU about the financing needs of the Irish economy and led to the provision of an EU/IMF loan package for Ireland amounting to €85 billion over three years. However, €17.5 billion of this is from Irish resources. The package secured Ireland’s sovereign funding requirements until end 2013, including the recapitalisation costs of Irish banks arising for the State over the programme period. It was initially estimated that the interest rate on the loans from the IMF/EU would average out at about 5.8%. However, the interest rate on the EU portion of the funds was reduced to around 3% in mid-2011, bringing down the average interest rate cost on funds drawn down under the programme in 2011 to 3.7%. (Source NTMA website). There has been a marked improvement in market sentiment towards Ireland since the middle of 2011, with a consequent sharp drop in yields on Irish government bonds. This has been driven by the improved performance of the economy last year, the recapitalisation of Irish banks, reduced interest rate costs on the EU/IMF loans and the fact that the public finance targets were met again last year. Yields on the 4.6% 2016 bond, which had peaked at close to 20% in July 2011, had fallen to under 6% by the opening quarter of 2012. Meanwhile, the yield on the 5% 2020 bond fell from 14% to 7% over the same period. (Source: Thomson Datastream) Notwithstanding these developments, Ireland’s long-term sovereign credit ratings remain low, standing at BBB+ from S&P and Fitch, and Ba1 by Moody’s at February 2012. 23 Financial review - 2. Financial data The financial information in the tables below for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of AIB Group for those periods. AIB Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, the accounting policies adopted, the consolidated financial statements of AIB Group and notes therein for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009 included in this Annual Financial Report. The summary of consolidated income statement represents the results of continuing operations, where the results of Bank Zachodni WBK S.A. (“BZWBK”), M&T Bank Corporation and Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD as applicable, are accounted for as discontinued operations net of taxation for all relevant years. Summary of consolidated income statement Net interest income Other income/(loss) Total operating income Total operating expenses Operating profit/(loss) before provisions Provisions Operating (loss)/profit Associated undertakings (Loss)/profit on disposal of property Construction contract income Profit/(loss) on disposal of businesses(1) (Loss)/profit before taxation from continuing operations Income tax (income)/expense from continuing operations (Loss)/profit after taxation from continuing operations Discontinued operations, net of taxation (Loss)/profit for the year Non-controlling interests from discontinued operations Distributions to RCI holders(2) (Loss)/profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent Basic (loss)/earnings per ordinary/CNV share(3) Continuing operations Discontinued operations Diluted (loss)/earnings per ordinary/CNV share(3) Continuing operations Discontinued operations 2011 € m 1,350 2,990 4,340 1,720 2,620 7,728 (5,108) (37) (1) - 38 (5,108) (1,188) (3,920) 1,628 (2,292) 20 - 2010 € m 1,844 (5,201) (3,357) 1,649 (5,006) 7,118 (12,124) 18 46 - (11) (12,071) (1,710) (10,361) 199 (10,162) (70) - 2009 € m 2,872 1,234 4,106 1,522 2,584 5,267 (2,683) (3) 23 1 - (2,662) (373) (2,289) (45) (2,334) (79) (44) Years ended 31 Decemb er 2007 € m 2008 € m 3,392 749 4,141 1,885 2,256 1,749 507 2 10 12 106 637 69 568 322 890 (118) (38) 3,075 1,005 4,080 2,107 1,973 98 1,875 10 76 55 1 2,017 368 1,649 420 2,069 (117) (38) (2,312) (10,232) (2,457) 734 1,914 (1.6c) 0.7c (0.9c) (1.6c) 0.7c (0.9c) (571.1c) 7.1c (564.0c) (571.1c) 7.1c (564.0c) (203.5c) (11.7c) (215.2c) (203.5c) (11.7c) (215.2c) 54.8c 28.6c 83.4c 54.7c 28.6c 83.3c 178.3c 40.0c 218.3c 177.3c 39.5c 216.8c Dividends - - - 81.8c 74.3c 24 Selected consolidated statement of financial position data Total assets ........................................................... 136,651 145,222 174,314 182,174 177,888 2011 € m 2010 € m Years ended 31 December 2007 € m 2008 € m 2009 € m Loans and receivables to banks and customers(4) ...... Deposits by central banks and banks, customer accounts and debt securities in issue................................ € 1.6bn Contingent Capital Tier 2 Notes due 2016(5) Dated loan capital ................................................. Undated loan capital .............................................. Other capital instruments ...................................... Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries.................. Shareholders’ funds: other equity interests .............. Shareholders’ equity(6) ............................................ Total capital resources........................................ Share capital - ordinary shares Number of shares outstanding ................................. Nominal value of € 0.01 per share (2010: € 0.32 per share) Share capital - convertible non-voting shares(3) Number of shares outstanding ................................ Nominal value of € 0.32 per share.......................... Share capital - preference shares US$ non-cumulative preference shares Number of shares outstanding ................................ Nominal value of US$ 25 each .............................. 2009 Preference shares(7) Number of shares outstanding ................................. Nominal value of € 0.01 per share........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,258 91,212 131,464 135,755 137,068 x113,218 117,922 147,940 155,996 153,563 1,177 32 - - - - 14,463 15,672 - 3,996 197 138 690 239 3,420 8,680 - 4,261 189 136 626 389 10,320 15,921 - 2,970 692 864 1,344 497 8,472 - 2,651 813 1,141 1,351 497 9,356 14,839 15,809 2011 m 2010 m Years ended 31 Decemb er 2007 m 2008 m 2009 m 513,528.8 € 5,135 1,791.6 € 573 918.4 € 294 918.4 € 294 918.4 € 294 - - - - 10,489.9 € 3,357 - - - - - - 3,500 € 35 3,500 € 35 3,500 € 35 - - - - - - - - 0.25 $ 6.25 - - 25 Financial review - 2. Financial data Selected consolidated statement of financial position data (continued) Other financial data(8) Return on average total assets Return on average ordinary shareholders’ equity Dividend payout ratio Average ordinary shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets Year end impairment provisions as a percentage of total loans to customers:(4) Total Group Continuing operations Net interest margin(9) Core tier 1 capital ratio(10)(11) Total capital ratio(10)(11) 2011 % (1.66) (48.8) - 2010 % (6.21) (222.5) - Years ended 31 December 2007 % 1.22 21.8 36.3 2008 % 0.47 8.2 36.8 2009 % (1.29) (24.8) - 5.8 2.8 4.3 4.8 5.2 9.6 9.5 1.03 17.9 20.5 7.1 7.4 1.49 4.0 9.2 5.5 5.5 1.92 7.9 10.2 1.7 1.7 2.21 5.8 10.5 0.6 0.6 2.14 5.8 10.1 (1)The profit on disposal of businesses in 2011 relates to (a) AIB International Financial Services Limited and related companies € 27 million (tax charge Nil); (b) AIB Jerseytrust Limited € 10 million (tax charge Nil); and (c) deferred consideration of € 1 million from the sale of Goodbody Holdings Limited in 2010 (note 15). The loss on disposal of businesses in 2010 of € 11 million relates to the sale of AIB’s investment in Goodbody Holdings Limited and related companies (note 15). The profit on disposal of businesses in 2008 of € 106 million relates to a joint venture with First Data Corporation. (2)The distributions in 2009, 2008 and 2007 relate to the Reserve Capital Instruments (note 21). (3)Convertible non-voting shares issued to the NPRFC on 23 December 2010, rank equally with ordinary shares and are convertible into ordinary shares on a one to one basis (note 46). These converted to ordinary shares in April 2011. (4)Loans and receivables to customers includes loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA (note 25). (5)Relates to the issue of € 1.6 billion in Contingent Capital Notes to the NPRFC during 2011 (note 45). (6)Includes ordinary shareholders’ equity (in July 2011, 500 billion ordinary shares were issued to the NPRFC at a subscription price of € 0.01 per share) (note 46), the 3,500 million 2009 Preference Shares issued to the NPRFC in May 2009 (note 46) and the convertible non-voting shares issued to the NPRFC on the 23 December 2010 which converted to ordinary shares in April 2011 (note 46). (7)2009 Preference Shares issued to the NPRFC on 13 May 2009. (8)The calculation of the average balances includes daily and monthly averages and are considered to be representative of the operations of the Group. (9)Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest earning assets. The net interest margin for the year ended 31 December 2008 reflects a net interest income figure that was adjusted to reflect a 365 day year for comparative purposes. The net interest margin is presented on a continuing basis for 2011, 2010 and 2009 and presented on a total Group basis for 2008 and 2007. (10)The minimum regulatory capital requirements set by the Central Bank, which reflect the requirements of the Capital Requirements Directive (“CRD”), establish a floor of 4% under which the core tier 1 capital ratio must not fall (8% for total capital ratio). These ratios were the capital adequacy requirements effective as at 31 December 2010. Following the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) in March 2011, the Central Bank announced a new minimum capital target for AIB of 10.5% core tier 1 in a base scenario and 6% core tier 1 in a stressed scenario. These target ratios form the basis of the Group’s capital management policy and are capital adequacy requirements effective as at 31 December 2011. (11)Please see Capital Management section for further detail. 26 Financial review - 3. Management report Basis of presentation In May 2011, AIB outlined the bank’s new operating model and announced a number of appointments to its new top executive leadership team. The former divisional structure was replaced by an integrated bank comprising the following core banking segments; Personal & Business Banking (PBB); Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking (CICB);AIB UK and EBS (formerly EBS Building Society, which was acquired on 1 July 2011). In addition to the core banking segments, a Non-Core unit was set up to manage deleveraging and to oversee the disposal and run-off of selected assets. This re-organisation of AIB’s activities was part of the restructuring plan of the business in 2011. Control and support functions were also subject to review and are in the process of being further integrated and centralised. The commentary in this management report is on a continuing operations basis unless otherwise stated and excludes the following exceptional elements; the loss on disposal of loans as part of deleveraging measures; gains on liability management exercises; NAMA related transfer losses and interest rate hedge volatility. Discontinued operations was in respect of the disposal of Bank Zachodni WBK S.A. (BZWBK), M&T and BACB. A commentary on discontinued operations is included on page 33. Overview of results The Group recorded a loss from continuing operations before exceptionals of € 8.1 billion in 2011 compared to € 5.4 billion in 2010. The deterioration in performance reflected continuing high provision levels, lower interest income on reducing balance sheet volumes and elevated funding costs. Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables increased from € 6.0 billion in 2010 to € 7.9 billion in 2011 reflecting the continued weak economic environment and a higher charge for residential mortgages. The Group recorded operating profit excluding exceptional items and before provisions of € 68 million in 2011 compared to € 658 million in 2010. Net interest income reduced by 27% compared to 2010. This reduction reflected increased ELG costs, the high cost of customer deposits, lower loan balances following deleveraging during the year and higher volumes of impaired loans. Other income was lower as fee and commission income reduced in 2011 as subdued demand, lower business volumes and weak economic conditions impacted. Total costs increased € 71 million compared to 2010. This increase mainly related to external engagement in relation to capital raising, transformation, deleveraging and credit management. Notwithstanding the loss recorded in 2011, having been recapitalised during the year and having undertaken other capital raising measures, AIB has core tier 1 capital significantly in excess of minimum target levels as set out in the Financial Measures Programme. 27 Financial review - 3. Management report Summary income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation(1), impairment and amortisation(2) Total operating expenses Operating profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Charge for provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Associated undertakings (Loss)/profit on disposal of property Construction contract income Profit/(loss) on disposal of businesses Loss from continuing operations before exceptionals NAMA transfer related losses Writeback/(charge) of contingent provisions for NAMA loans(3) Loss on disposal of loans(4) Gain on redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments Interest rate hedge volatility Loss before taxation from continuing operations Income tax from continuing operations Loss after taxation from continuing operations Profit/(loss) after taxation from discontinued operations Loss for the year 2011 € m 1,350 438 1,788 935 670 115 1,720 68 7,861 17 283 8,161 (8,093) (37) (1) - 38 (8,093) (364) 433 (322) 3,277 (39) (5,108) (1,188) (3,920) 1,628 (2,292) 2010 € m 1,844 463 2,307 921 548 180 1,649 658 6,015 - 74 6,089 (5,431) 18 46 - (11) (5,378) (5,969) (1,029) (54) 372 (13) (12,071) (1,710) (10,361) 199 (10,162) 2009 € m 2,872 639 3,511 909 486 127 1,522 1,989 5,242 1 24 5,267 (3,278) (3) 23 1 - (3,257) - - - 623 (28) (2,662) (373) (2,289) (45) (2,334) (1)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment. (2)Impairment and amortisation of intangible assets. (3)Loans classified as held for sale to NAMA at 31 December 2010. (4)Non-Core of -€ 325million, +€ 3 million in Core.. 28 Financial review - 3. Management report Income statement commentary Net interest income Net interest income Average interest earning assets Average interest earning assets Net interest margin Group net interest margin Group net interest margin excluding eligible liabilities guarantee (“ELG”) 2011 € m 1,350 2011 € m 2010 € m 1,844 2010 € m 2009 € m 2,872 2009 € m 131,038 141,093 156,439 2011 % 1.03 1.40 2010 % 1.31 1.52 2009 % 1.84 1.84 2011 v 2010 Net interest income was € 1,350 million in 2011 compared with € 1,844 million in 2010, a decrease of € 494 million or 27%. Excluding EBS net interest income of € 86 million in the second half of 2011, net interest income decreased by € 580 million or 31%. Net interest income for 2011 and 2010 included charges for the ELG scheme of € 488 million and € 306(1) million respectively excluding which net interest income reduced by € 312 million or 15%. The ELG scheme replaced the CIFS scheme in January 2010, the cost of which was recorded in other income. The decrease in net interest income excluding the ELG cost mainly reflected margin compression arising from the higher cost of deposits, reduced interest-earning loan volumes due to higher impairments, sales of non-core assets and net repayments within the core loan portfolio. Excluding the cost of the ELG scheme, the net interest margin for 2011 was 1.40% compared with 1.52% in 2010. The estimated(2) factors contributing to the decline in the margin of 12 basis points were: -10bp due to lower loan margin income, -4bp due to an increase in the cost of customer deposits and -7bp due to lower treasury /other net interest income. This was partly offset by +6bp due to lower cost of wholesale funding following recapitalisation and +3bp due to higher income on capital and the benefit following the liability management exercises. 2010 v 2009 Net interest income was € 1,844 million in 2010 compared with € 2,872 million in 2009, a decrease of € 1,028 million or 36%. Net interest income for 2010 included a charge for the ELG Scheme of € 306 million(1) excluding which net interest income reduced by € 722 million or 25%. The net interest income decrease excluding the ELG cost mainly reflected the significantly increased cost of customer deposits, higher wholesale funding costs and lower income on capital. There was also lower income from loans reflecting the transfer of loans to NAMA and lower earning loan balances partly offset by higher loan margins on new lending. The net interest margin in 2010 excluding ELG reduced by 32 basis points to 1.52%. The estimated(2) factors contributing to the reduction were: -20 basis points due to lower deposit income, -19 basis points due to lower capital income, -14 basis points due to higher wholesale funding costs partly offset by +10 basis points due to improved lending margins and +11 basis points impact from treasury/other net interest income. (1) The total government guarantee charge was € 357 million in 2010 including Credit Institutions (Financial Support) scheme (“CIFS”) charge of € 51 million which is included in other income and € 306 million ELG charge in net interest income. (2) Management estimate. 29 Financial review - 3. Management report Other income Other income Dividend income Banking fees and commissions Investment banking and asset management fees Fee and commission income Irish Government guarantee scheme expense (CIFS) Other fee and commission expense Less: Fee and commission expense Trading loss(1) Other operating income Other income before exceptionals Loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA Loss on disposal of loans Gain on redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments Interest rate hedge volatility Other income/(loss) 2011 € m 4 412 58 470 - (29) (29) (74) 67 438 (364) (322) 3,277 (39) 2,990 2010 € m 1 486 99 585 (51) (37) (88) (188) 153 463 (5,969) (54) 372 (13) (5,201) 2009 € m 4 526 110 636 (147) (37) (184) (12) 195 639 - - 623 (28) 1,234 2011 v 2010 Other income before exceptionals was € 438 million in 2011 (of which EBS contributed € 5 million), compared with € 463 million in 2010. This represents a decrease of € 25 million or 5%, or € 76 million (15%) excluding the cost of the Irish Government guarantee scheme expense (CIFS) of € 51 million in 2010. The weaker economic conditions, challenging trading markets in which AIB operates and the disposal of businesses resulted in lower business volumes and lower revenues. Banking fees and commissions decreased by 15% reflecting lower business volumes and activity. Investment banking and asset management fees were down 41% in 2011 mainly reflecting lower income following the sale of Goodbody Stockbrokers in December 2010. Fee and commission expense in 2010 included the cost of the CIFS scheme of € 51 million. Trading loss was € 74 million in 2011 compared to a loss of € 188 million in 2010. Trading loss excludes interest payable and receivable arising from hedging and the funding of trading activities, these are included in interest income. As a result the trend in trading loss within other income cannot be considered in isolation. On a total income basis (net interest income and other income), income from trading activities was lower in 2011. The reduction in the trading loss in other income compared to 2010 mainly related to higher trading foreign exchange income and higher income from interest rate swaps partly offset by losses on credit derivative contracts. Other operating income in 2011 was € 67 million compared with € 153 million in 2010, a reduction of € 86 million. In 2011 there was € 61 million from litigation settlements, € 40 million in foreign exchange gains and € 8 million income from the disposal of available for sale equity shares, partially offset by a loss of € 36 million from the disposal of available for sale debt securities which primarily related to bonds in peripheral Eurozone countries. In 2010 there was € 75 million profit from the disposal of available for sale debt securities, € 13 million profit from the disposal of available for sale equity shares and € 8 million in foreign exchange gains. Exceptional items include € 364 million loss on transfer of financial assets to NAMA, € 322 million loss on disposal of loans as part of the ongoing deleveraging to reduce AIB’s loans in line with restructuring plan targets and € 3,277 million gain on redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments, for further details see notes 7 and 8. (1)Trading loss includes foreign exchange contracts, debt securities and interest rate contracts, credit derivative contracts, equity securities and index contracts. 30 Financial review - 3. Management report 2010 v 2009 Other income before exceptionals was € 463 million in 2010 compared with € 639 million in 2009, a decrease of € 176 million or 28%. This decrease reflected weaker economic conditions, challenging trading markets in which AIB operates, lower business volumes and lower revenues from investment banking activities. The decline of these other income elements was partly offset by lower deposit guarantee costs for the CIFS Scheme booked through other income. Banking fees and commissions decreased by 8% reflecting lower business volumes and activity. Investment banking and asset management fees were down 10% in 2010 mainly reflecting lower brokerage income in the Republic of Ireland. Fee and commission expense includes the cost of the CIFS Scheme of € 51 million in 2010 and € 147 million in 2009. The cost of the ELG Scheme of € 306 million in 2010 is included in net interest income. Trading losses were € 188 million in 2010 compared to € 12 million in 2009. Trading loss excludes interest payable and receivable arising from hedging and the funding of trading activities, which are included in interest income. During 2010 there was an increase in the trading loss recorded in other income with a related increase in net interest income. On a total income basis (net interest income and other income), income from trading activities was broadly in line with 2009. Other operating income in 2010 was € 153 million compared with € 195 million in 2009. Other operating income in 2010 included € 75 million from the disposal of available for sale debt securities compared with € 167 million in 2009, a reduction of € 92 million. Partly offsetting this reduction was an increase in foreign exchange gains of € 21 million. Exceptional items include € 5,969 million loss on transfer of assets to NAMA, € 54 million loss on disposal of loans and € 372 million gain on redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments (see notes 7 and 8 for further details). Total operating expenses Operating expenses Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation,(1) impairment and amortisation(2) Total operating expenses 2011 € m 935 670 115 2010 € m 921 548 180 2009 € m 909 486 127 1,720 1,649 1,522 2011 v 2010 Total operating expenses were € 1,720 million in 2011, an increase of € 71 million or 4% compared to € 1,649 million in 2010. EBS operating costs (of € 42 million) are included from 1 July 2011, excluding which costs increased by € 29 million or 2%. The cost increase of € 29 million in 2011 included higher professional fees and higher fees to statutory bodies partly offset by lower pension costs and lower NAMA related costs. In 2010 there was a writedown in the value of intangible assets in relation to projects discontinued during the year partly offset by the reversal of an accrual for personnel expenses which was no longer required. When these amounts are excluded, costs in 2011 reduced by 3% compared to 2010. Personnel expenses in 2011 were € 935 million, an increase of € 14 million or 2% compared with € 921 million in 2010. Excluding EBS personnel expenses of € 18 million in the second half of 2011, personnel expenses were in line with 2010, notwithstanding the inclusion of c. 200 staff from the acquisition of Anglo deposits in February 2011 and increased staff numbers in credit management areas. Adjusting for the one-off items mentioned in the previous paragraph, personnel expenses were 4% lower than 2010. General and administrative expenses of € 670 million in 2011 were € 122 million or 22% higher than € 548 million in 2010. The increase mainly related to professional fees and consultancy costs associated with restructuring and transformation, deleveraging, capital raising and credit management. There was also increased reimbursement of fees to statutory bodies, particularly in relation to capital raising. Excluding these items and EBS expenses of € 19 million in the second half of 2011, general and administrative expenses were down 1% when compared to 2010. (1)Depreciation of property, plant and equipment. (2)Impairment and amortisation of intangible assets. 31 Financial review - 3. Management report Depreciation, impairment and amortisation of € 115 million in 2011 was € 65 million or 36% lower when compared to € 180 million in 2010. This reduction was mainly due to a writedown in 2010 in the value of intangible assets of € 59 million in relation to projects discontinued. 2010 v 2009 Total operating expenses were € 1,649 million in 2010, an increase of € 127 million or 8% when compared to € 1,522 million in 2009. In 2009 there was a gain of € 159 million from an amendment to retirement benefits, excluding which costs decreased by € 32 million or 2%. Total operating expenses in 2010 included higher professional fees, a writedown in the value of intangible assets in relation to projects discontinued during 2010, costs of € 44 million relating to NAMA compared with € 29 million in 2009, partially offset by a reversal of an accrual for personnel expenses which was no longer required . Excluding these items the cost base decreased by € 55 million or 3%. This decrease reflected active cost management in a period of difficult economic conditions, lower staff numbers and reduced business activity. These cost reductions were in addition to reductions of 11% in 2009. The following comment on personnel expenses excludes the retirement benefits amendment in 2009 mentioned above. Personnel expenses in 2010 were € 921 million, a decrease of € 147 million or 14% compared with € 1,068 million in 2009 reflecting a reduction of more than 400 in staff numbers during 2010 (in addition to a reduction of almost 900 in 2009) and a reversal of an accrual for personnel expenses which was no longer required. General and administrative expenses of € 548 million in 2010 were € 62 million or 13% higher than € 486 million in 2009. The increase was mainly related to professional fees and consultancy costs connected with the sale of businesses, business restructuring and preparation for transfer of loans to NAMA. Incremental occupancy costs following continued rollout of the branch sale and leaseback programme and other one-off costs also impacted. Depreciation, impairment and amortisation of € 180 million in 2010 was € 53 million or 42% higher than 2009. This increase was due to a writedown in the value of intangible assets of € 59 million in relation to projects discontinued during 2010. Depreciation, impairment and amortisation costs decreased by 5% excluding this writedown. Cost income ratio(1) 2011 % 96.2 2010 % 71.5 2009 % 43.3 (1)Cost income ratio excludes losses on transfer of assets to NAMA, loss on disposal of loans as part of deleveraging measures, gains on the redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments and interest rate hedge volatility. Asset quality See Risk Management section commencing on page 61. Commentary on AIB’s asset quality is detailed on pages 72-172 with commentary on provision charge on pages 95 and 96. Associated undertakings 2011 v 2010 Loss from associated undertakings in 2011 was € 37 million compared with a profit of € 18 million in 2010. On 5 January 2012, AIB announced that it is to end the existing distribution arrangement with Aviva for life and pension products through Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited. The results for 2011 include an impairment of the investment in Aviva Life Holdings of € 36 million (see note 36 for further details). Associated undertakings also includes Aviva Health Insurance Ireland Limited and AIB’s share in the joint venture with First Data International trading as AIB Merchant Services. The contribution from these businesses increased in 2011. 2010 v 2009 Income from associated undertakings in 2010 was € 18 million compared with a loss of € 3 million in the comparative period. Associated undertakings includes AIB’s share of Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited, Aviva Health Insurance Ireland Limited and AIB’s share in the joint venture with First Data International, trading as AIB Merchant Services. The improved financial out-turn reflected increased contributions from each of these businesses. 32 Financial review - 3. Management report Income tax 2011 v 2010 The taxation credit for 2011 was € 1,188 million (including a € 1,148 million credit relating to deferred taxation), compared with a taxation credit of € 1,710 million in 2010 (including a credit of € 1,714 million relating to deferred taxation). The taxation credits exclude taxation on share of results of associated undertakings. Associated undertakings are reported net of taxation in the Group loss before taxation. The credit is influenced by the geographic mix of profits and losses, which are taxed at the rates applicable in the jurisdictions where the Group operates. With specific exceptions as set out in note 39, deferred tax credit continues to be recognised in full for the value of tax losses arising in Group companies, as it is expected that the tax losses will be utilised in full against future profits. 2010 v 2009 The taxation credit for 2010 was € 1,710 million (including a € 1,714 million credit relating to deferred taxation), compared with a taxation credit of € 373 million in 2009 (including a credit of € 374 million relating to deferred taxation). The taxation credits exclude taxation on share of results of associated undertakings. Associated undertakings are reported net of taxation in the Group (loss)/profit before taxation. The credit is influenced by the geographic mix of profits and losses, which are taxed at the rates applicable in the jurisdictions where the Group operates. Discontinued operations The results for 2011 included the consolidated results of BZWBK for the quarter to 31 March 2011 and the profit on sale of BZWBK. Profit from discontinued operations BZWBK M&T BACB Profit before taxation Income tax expense Profit after taxation Profit on disposal of business Loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell(1) Profit for the period from discontinued operations (1)Relates to impairment of intangible assets. 2011 v 2010 2011 € m 99 - - 99 17 82 1,546 - 1,628 2010 € m 329 5 (60) 274 72 202 - (3) 199 2009 € m 265 (156) (103) 6 51 (45) - - (45) Discontinued operations recorded a profit after taxation of € 1,628 million in 2011 compared to € 199 million in 2010. Discontinued operations in 2010 were impacted by investment reviews which resulted in a € 62 million writedown with regard to the investment in BACB and by the completion of the disposal of the M&T investment on 4 November 2010. See note 18 for further details. BZWBK recorded a profit before taxation of € 99 million in the three months to March 2011, compared with € 329 million in the full year 2010 and there was a profit on disposal of the business of € 1,546 million, following completion of the sale on 1 April 2011. 33 Financial review - 3. Management report 2010 v 2009 On 10 September 2010, AIB announced that it had conditionally agreed to sell its shareholding in Bank Zachodni WBK S.A. (“BZWBK”) in Poland to Banco Santander S.A. The sale was completed on 1 April 2011. On 4 November 2010, AIB Group announced the completed disposal of its shareholding in M&T. Discontinued operations recorded a profit after taxation of € 199 million in 2010 compared to a loss after taxation of € 45 million in 2009. Discontinued operations were impacted by investment reviews carried out in 2010 and 2009. 2010 included a € 62 million writedown with regard to the investment in BACB. 2009 included impairment charges of € 200 million and € 108 million relating to M&T and BACB respectively. BZWBK recorded a profit before taxation of € 329 million, compared with € 265 million in 2009, an increase of 24% or 15% on a constant currency basis. Net interest income was up, driven primarily by improved margins on customer deposits. Lending volumes were lower reflecting reduced exposure to the property sector and average deposit volumes were at similar levels to 2009. Total operating expenses were up 10% compared with 2009 (1% on a constant currency basis), while the provision charge for impairment of loans and receivables in 2010 decreased by 7% from 2009 (14% on a constant currency basis) to € 105 million. The provision charge represented 1.21% of average customer loans compared to 1.34% in 2009. M&T’s contribution was € 5 million in 2010 compared to a loss of € 156 million in 2009. BACB recorded a loss of € 60 million in 2010 compared to a loss of € 103 million in 2009. A review of AIB’s associate holding in BACB resulted in an income statement charge of € 62 million partly offset by an operating profit of € 2 million in 2010. As a result of the charge, AIB’s investment in BACB was written down to Nil. 2009 included an impairment charge of € 108 million for BACB. Balance sheet commentary The commentary on the balance sheet is on a continuing operations basis unless otherwise stated. The balance sheet identifies loans eligible for sale to NAMA and loans classified as held for sale as part of deleveraging measures (included in ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’) separately from other customer loans. Loan balances in the following tables include these balances in order to reflect the full movement in customer loans. Gross loans Personal & Business Banking Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking AIB UK EBS Group Total core Non-Core Total gross customer loans Gross loans held for sale to NAMA Other gross loans held for sale (non-core) Total 31 December 2011 € bn 31 December 2010 € bn % change 29.2 24.7 9.4 13.6 - 76.9 20.5 97.4 - 1.2 98.6 30.6 25.2 9.4 - 0.1 65.3 28.3 93.6 2.2 0.1 95.9 -5 -2 - - - 18 -28 4 - - 3 While the headline gross customer loans are up € 2.7 billion in 2011, gross loans were down 14% or € 13.6 billion since 31 December 2010 excluding EBS gross loans of € 16.3 billion (including EBS loans classified as non-core of € 2.7 billion) at 31 December 2011. This reduction reflected significant ongoing deleveraging measures and continued weak demand for credit in 2011. Excluding currency factors AIB UK gross loans decreased by 2%. 34 Financial review - 3. Management report Net loans Personal & Business Banking Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking AIB UK EBS Group Total core Non-Core Total net customer loans Net loans held for sale to NAMA Other net loans held for sale (non-core) Total 31 December 2011 € bn 31 December 2010 € bn % change 27.0 19.6 9.0 13.1 - 68.7 13.8 82.5 - 1.2 83.7 29.4 22.8 9.1 - 0.1 61.4 25.0 86.4 1.9 0.1 88.4 -8 -14 -1 - - 12 -45 -4 - - -5 Excluding EBS net loans of € 15.3 billion at 31 December 2011 (including EBS loans classified as non-core of € 2.2 billion), net loans decreased by € 20.0 billion or 23%. The identified pool of non-core assets including net customer loans classified as held for sale reduced from € 25.1 billion at 31 December 2010 to € 12.8 billion at 31 December 2011 (excluding EBS non-core loans of € 2.2 billion at the end of 2011). The reductions reflected the aforementioned significant ongoing deleveraging measures, weaker credit demand and loan loss provisions. Excluding currency factors AIB UK net loans decreased by 4% in 2011. Customer accounts Personal & Business Banking Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking AIB UK EBS Group Total core Non-Core Total 31 December 2011 € bn 31 December 2010 € bn % change 28.2 13.8 10.2 8.5 - 60.7 - 60.7 28.0 15.4 9.0 - - 52.4 - 52.4 1 -10 13 - - 16 - 16 The increase in total customer accounts of € 8.3 billion includes the acquisition of EBS deposits and Anglo deposits of € 8.5 billion and € 5.3 billion respectively as at 31 December 2011. Excluding the EBS deposits and Anglo deposits, customer accounts were down € 5.5 billion. Bank and sovereign ratings downgrades contributed to an outflow in deposits in the first half of 2011, particularly from Non Bank Financial Institutions (“NBFIs”) and international corporates during Q1 2011. In the second half of 2011 customer account balances were broadly stable. Excluding currency factors AIB UK customer accounts increased by 10% in 2011. Capital See commentary on AIB’s capital commencing on page 45. 35 Financial review - 3. Management report Funding(1) Sources of funds - total AIB Group basis incl. discontinued operations 31 December 2011 % € bn 31 December 2010(2) % € bn Customer accounts Deposits by central banks and banks - secured - unsecured Certificates of deposit and commercial paper Asset covered securities (“ACS”) Securitisation Senior debt Capital(3) Total source of funds Other(4) 61 36 1 - 4 1 11 15 129 8 137 47 28 1 - 3 1 8 12 100 63 41 9 1 3 - 12 9 138 7 145 45 29 7 1 2 - 9 7 100 The Group’s balance sheet saw significant change in 2011, with the disposal of BZWBK, the acquisition of Anglo NAMA senior bonds and deposits, the acquisition of EBS, asset deleveraging in the Non-Core unit and the completion of AIB’s capital raising measures. The source of funds continued to show customer accounts as the largest funding source at 47% of total funding requirement at 31 December 2011, up from 45% at 31 December 2010. Excluding the NTMA deposit placed at 30 June 2011 of € 11 billion in advance of recapitalisation in July, customer accounts were broadly stable in the second half of 2011. This was a positive result following the € 5 billion decrease in customer deposits (excluding Anglo) in the first half of 2011. Customer deposits stabilised after the PCAR announcement and the resultant recapitalisation of the Group. Secured funding has decreased by € 5 billion (€ 9 billion excluding EBS repos) due to asset deleveraging and sale of securities held in AIB’s available for sale (AFS) portfolio. Unsecured interbank borrowings reduced by € 8 billion to € 1 billion in the full year reflecting the repayment of non standard facilities with the CBI in April 2011. At 31 December 2011 AIB availed of Central Bank funding of € 31 billion (including EBS of € 4 billion), down from € 37 billion at 31 December 2010.AIB extended the bank’s debt maturity by participating in the 3-year Long Term Refinancing Operation (LTRO), to the amount of € 3.0 billion at 31 December 2011. Reducing the reliance on ECB funding will continue to be a key objective of the bank. Senior debt as a percentage of funding sources decreased by 1% in 2011 to 8% at 31 December 2011 reflecting the repayment of € 2 billion in bonds, offset partially by € 1 billion of EBS bonds. ACS as a percentage of funding sources increased by 1% to 3% at 31 December 2011 due to the inclusion of EBS ACS. The Group’s loan deposit ratio decreased from 165% at 31 December 2010 to 136% at 31 December 2011 (138% including the aforementioned loans and receivables held for sale). The Group is managing to interim targets agreed with the Central Bank of Ireland for the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) pending their formal introduction as regulatory standards in 2015 and 2018 respectively. Access to wholesale funding markets continued to be restricted in 2011. This is a symptom of the continued negative sentiment towards the fiscal position which gave rise to the EU/ECB/IMF financial support package, the Europe-wide uncertainty in the second half of 2011 and the Group’s credit rating. The terms of the restructuring plan agreed with the EU/ECB/IMF requires AIB to reduce its wholesale funding dependency and maintain its deposit franchise. The retention and gathering of stable customer accounts in a challenging and increasingly competitive market environment remains a key focus of the Group. Coupled with the action to deleverage non-core assets, this is paramount to increasing the bank’s pool of available liquid assets and to the Group’s overall funding/liquidity strategy. (1) The funding commentary is on a total AIB Group basis. (2) Includes BZWBK at 31 December 2010. (3) Includes total shareholders’ equity, subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments. (4) Non-funding liabilities including derivative financial instruments, other liabilities, retirement benefits and accruals and other deferred income. 36 Financial review - 3. Management report The following table presents summary balance sheet categories in line with the primary statements (beginning on page 254 of this report). Summary items from the balance sheet Total assets Net loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Customer accounts Wholesale funding Loan deposit ratio Loan deposit ratio (including held for sale corporate loans) 31 December 2011 € bn 31 December 2010 € bn 137 83 20 1 - 61 53 136% 138% 145 86 8 14 2 52 66 165% 165% 37 Financial review - 3. Management report Segment reporting In this section, the Group’s operations are reported under the Core banking segments outlined on page 27 and Group (which includes wholesale treasury activities). Non-Core, which comprises assets which AIB is committed to deleveraging together with related costs, is reported as a distinct portfolio. The current segment structure was announced in mid 2011 and consequently the first half of 2011 along with 2010 was restated. The segments’ performance statements include all income and direct costs relating to each segment but exclude overheads which are held centrally in the ‘Group’ segment. Funding and liquidity charges are based on actual wholesale funding costs incurred and a segment’s net funding requirements. Wholesale funding costs include ELG charges relating to wholesale funds. Net interest income also includes ELG charges directly attaching to customer deposits within a segment. Income on capital is allocated to segments based on each segment’s capital requirement. Surplus capital is held in the Group segment. The cost of services between segments and from central support functions to segments is based on the estimated actual cost incurred in providing the service. A summarised view of the Group’s segmental performance for 2011 and 2010 is available in note 1 to the accounts. Personal & Business Banking (PBB) recorded a loss of € 1.1 billion in 2011. Personal & Business Banking comprises banking operations for the personal segment and small enterprises within the Republic of Ireland. This segment also includes Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Personal & Business Banking income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Amounts written off financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Associated undertakings Loss on disposal of property Loss before disposal of business Profit on disposal of business Loss before taxation 2011 € m 583 263 846 441 223 57 721 125 1,177 2 1,179 (1,054) (39) (1) (1,094) 10 (1,084) 2010 € m 719 297 1,016 443 185 65 693 323 736 2 738 (415) 16 - (399) - (399) PBB was created in 2011 to service the personal and small business customer market segments. AIB commands a strong presence in both of these key sectors, of which mortgages is a key element. 2011 was a particularly difficult year for PBB, as conditions in Ireland's economy remained very challenging. Competition for deposits further intensified against the background of a low interest rate environment. In addition, lower advances margins mainly reflected lower variable rate home mortgage margins partially offset by increased margins on other products. Higher unemployment and lower disposable incomes contributed to higher mortgage impairments. For the year ended 31 December 2011, PBB recorded a loss before taxation of € 1,084 million with provisions for impairment of loans of € 1,177 million. This compares with a loss before taxation of € 399 million in 2010 with provisions for loans of € 736 million. Operating profit before provisions was € 125 million. This was down 61% when compared to 2010, with total operating income of € 846 million down 17% and total operating expenses of € 721 million, an increase of 4%. 38 Financial review - 3. Management report Net loans to customers reduced by 8% to € 27 billion at 31 December 2011. This decrease reflects increased loan impairment provisions, loan repayments and subdued demand for new lending, particularly for mortgage and consumer credit products as consumers continue to take a cautious approach to additional debt and in many cases are reducing their personal debt levels. Total customer accounts remain broadly unchanged at € 28 billon as at 31 December 2011 when compared with 31 December 2010. Intense competition which existed in the Irish deposit market during 2011 coupled with Irish and European sovereign debt concerns impacted on the ability to raise retail deposits. This resulted in a 9% reduction to underlying customer accounts compared with 31 December 2010 when customer accounts received as part of the acquisition of the Anglo deposit business are excluded. Concerns about Ireland’s fiscal position and the stability of the banking sector gave rise to significant outflow of deposits in the first half of 2011 and resulted in 8% reduction in deposit balances to 30 June. This decline stabilised in the second half of the year with deposits remaining relatively flat between 30 June and 31 December 2011 as fears subsided and with continued focus by PBB on both retention and gathering of deposits albeit at elevated pricing levels. Net interest income for year ended 31 December 2011 of € 583 million was 19% lower than 2010. This reduction in net interest income was due to the cost of the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee (ELG) scheme together with the higher cost of wholesale funding. In addition, there was a reduction in the average earning loan volumes due to the migration of loans from earning to impaired and scheduled loan repayments during 2011. There was also a reduction in advances margins, due to variable rate home mortgage pricing as the April and July 25bps ECB rate increases were not passed on to customers. The effect of this was partly offset by some recovery in non mortgage lending margin during the year. Other income for year ended 31 December 2011 of € 263 million was 11% lower than 2010 reflecting lower level of customer transaction activity with an adverse impact on fees and other income. Operating expenses for year ended 31 December 2011 of € 721 million was 4% higher than 2010. Rigorous cost management of the PBB cost base was offset by costs associated with increases in the number of personnel in credit management and compliance roles. The provision charge for impairment of loans and receivables for year ended 31 December 2011 was € 1,177 million and represents a charge of 3.95% of average gross loans. Impairment charge on the PBB loan portfolio remains high but within expectations due to the economic downturn, which has resulted in high levels of unemployment and lower disposable incomes. These factors combined with high levels of personal debt have given rise to a significant increase in impaired loans. Impaired loans at 31 December 2011 were € 1.2 billion higher at € 2.7 billion when compared to 31 December 2010, driven principally by growth in home mortgage impaired loans of € 1 billion (owner occupier € 0.7 billion, buy to let € 0.3 billion). Losses incurred on associated undertakings reflect an impairment charge of € 36 million in respect of the investment in Aviva Life Holdings Limited - see note 36 for further details. Profit on disposal of business for the year ended 31 December 2011 of € 10 million represents the profit from sale of AIB Jerseytrust Limited, located in the Channel Islands. 39 Financial review - 3. Management report Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking recorded a loss of € 3.0 billion in 2011. Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking (CICB) comprises banking operations for mid-sized commercial and corporate enterprises. It also includes a Corporate Finance business and a Treasury customer services area which delivers treasury services to customers of the Group. Corporate, Institutional & Commercial Banking income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating loss before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Profit on disposal of business Loss before taxation 2011 € m 79 88 167 163 86 14 263 (96) 2,933 5 2,938 (3,034) - (3,034) 2010 € m 168 69 237 144 79 13 236 1 1,557 7 1,564 (1,563) - (1,563) CICB loss before taxation was € 3.0 billion in 2011 compared to € 1.6 billion in 2010. Operating loss before provisions of € 96 million in 2011 compared to an operating profit of € 1 million in 2010, with total operating income of € 167 million down by € 70 million and total operating expenses of € 263 million up € 27 million. Net interest income of € 79 million was 53% lower than 2010. This reduction in net interest income was due to higher non-performing loan volumes, higher costs of deposits and increased ELG costs. Deposit pricing remained intensely competitive throughout the year. Consumer sentiment in the Republic of Ireland remained subdued during 2011 with ongoing uncertainty in the Eurozone. CICB is fully committed to supporting customers facing difficulty and has a dedicated team in place to provide a range of supports to mid sized commercial enterprises. Gross loans were down € 0.6 billion compared to 2010 and net loans were down by € 3.3 billion, mainly due to provision charges. Demand for business credit remained at subdued levels reflecting the uncertain economic outlook. Other income of € 88 million was 28% higher due to lower mark to market writedowns in 2011. Excluding the writedowns, other income was lower than 2010 reflecting lower fee and foreign exchange income. Personnel expenses were € 19 million higher due to increased staff numbers which were mainly required to support more intensive credit management activity and the reversal in 2010 related to personnel expenses not utilised. General and administrative expenses of € 86 million in 2011 increased by 9%, primarily driven by higher professional costs associated with business transformation. The provision charge for impairment of loans and receivables for 2011 was € 2.9 billion compared to € 1.6 billion in 2010. The increase in the impairment charge reflects the stressed economic environment and falling property values through 2011. 40 Financial review - 3. Management report AIB UK recorded a loss of £ 193 million in 2011. AIB UK comprises retail and commercial banking operations in Britain operating under the trading name Allied Irish Bank (GB) and in Northern Ireland operating under the trading name First Trust Bank. AIB UK income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating (loss)/profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Associated undertakings Loss before taxation Loss before taxation 2011 £ m 116 61 177 109 63 6 178 (1) 194 - 194 (195) 2 (193) (224) € m 2010 £ m 196 77 273 118 47 8 173 100 104 - 104 (4) 2 (2) (3) AIB UK reported a loss before taxation of £ 193 million. Operating loss before provisions was £ 1 million in 2011 compared with a profit of £ 100 million in 2010, reflecting the reduction in loan volumes and continued competition for customer deposits. The reduction in operating profit was primarily driven by a 41% reduction in net interest income. This reflects a reduction in income from lower advances volumes mainly as a result of asset transfers to NAMA and Non-Core combined with continued margin compression on customer deposits. Lending margins continued to improve during the year, while net customer loans fell since December 2010. Customer deposits increased by 10% since December 2010, which reflects the Anglo deposit business acquired in February 2011. While there was some reduction in the AIB originated UK book, this stabilised in the second half of 2011. As a result of the decrease in advances and increase in the deposit book, the loan deposit ratio improved to 88% at 31 December 2011. Other income fell by 21%, as a result of the reduction in fee income due to lower business transactions than the previous year and a gain on disposal of available for sale debt securities in 2010 which was not repeated in 2011. Costs increased by 3% on the previous year, with lower staff costs as a result of reduced staff numbers and lower pension costs offset by higher operating expenses due to non recurring items. Loan impairment charges for the year increased to £ 194 million, due to the continued economic downturn along with a higher IBNR charge in 2011. 41 Financial review - 3. Management report EBS recorded a loss of € 152 million in 2011. EBS was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011. The segment view is shown on a consistent basis to other segments which differs from the legal entity basis. EBS wholesale treasury operations are reported as part of the Group segment and assets identified as non-core are reported as part of Non-Core. EBS income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Profit on disposal of business Loss before taxation 2011 € m 86 5 91 18 19 5 42 49 201 - 201 (152) - (152) EBS reported a loss before taxation of € 152 million for the period since acquisition by AIB on 1 July 2011. The loss of € 152 million included provisions for impairment of loans and receivables of € 201 million. Net interest income for the period was € 86 million. The cost of retail and wholesale funding, including the cost of ELG remained high during the period. It was necessary to further increase customer lending rates in order to return loan margins to sustainable levels. Total operating expenses in the period were € 42 million. The underlying costs of running the business are under constant review. The impairment charge for loans and receivables of € 201 million on an annualised basis represented 2.94% of average loans and brought total balance sheet provisions at 31 December 2011 to € 466 million or 3.4% of gross loans. The economic conditions in the Republic of Ireland continue to be extremely challenging for customers and the impact of high unemployment, austerity measures and a stressed property market led to increased default levels and consequently higher impairment charges. EBS is fully committed to supporting customers in financial difficulty. EBS continues to support the residential mortgage market in Ireland through mortgages advanced to first time buyers and home movers. At 31 December 2011, EBS had total gross mortgages of € 13.6 billion. The level of loans advanced in 2011 was lower than in previous years due to subdued demand and the introduction of tighter credit criteria. EBS continues to have a strong franchise in the retail deposit market and at 31 December 2011 had total customer accounts of € 8.5 billion. The impact of successive corporate and sovereign downgrades in the Republic of Ireland resulted in pricing remaining intensely competitive but retail balances were maintained. 42 Financial review - 3. Management report Group recorded a loss before exceptionals of € 310 million in 2011. Group includes wholesale treasury activities, unallocated costs of central services and income on capital not allocated to segments. Group income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating (loss)/profit before provisions Provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Profit on disposal of property Loss before disposal of business Profit/(loss) on disposal of business Loss before exceptionals Gain on redemption of subordinated debt and other capital instruments Interest rate hedge volatility Profit before taxation 2011 € m 320 (22) 298 117 208 30 355 (57) 11 270 281 (338) - (338) 28 (310) 3,277 (39) 2,928 2010 € m 494 (112) 382 94 157 90 341 41 - 54 54 (13) 46 33 (11) 22 372 (13) 381 Group reported a loss before exceptionals of € 310 million compared to a profit of € 22 million in 2010. This out-turn reflected higher impairment of financial investments available for sale and lower profit from wholesale treasury activities. The trends in net interest income and other income in Group were impacted by the reclassification of income between headings in relation to interest rate hedging. Consequently, it is more meaningful to analyse the trend in total operating income. Total operating income excluding exceptionals decreased from € 382 million in 2010 to € 298 million in 2011. This reflected lower income from wholesale treasury activities partly offset by higher capital income in 2011. Total operating expenses of € 355 million in 2011 increased by € 14 million compared to 2010. This reflected significant expenditure on external engagement including professional fees, consultancy costs and regulatory fees. These increases were partly offset by lower depreciation/amortisation in 2011, mainly due to a writedown in 2010 in the value of intangible assets in relation to projects discontinued. Total provisions increased from € 54 million in 2010 to € 281 million in 2011. The increase in provision for impairment of financial investments available for sale reflected the impairment of Eurozone bank and sovereign bonds and the impairment of subordinated bonds received on transfer of assets to NAMA. The profit on disposal of business in 2011 mainly reflects the profit on sale of the investment in AIB International Financial Services and related companies of € 27 million. 43 Financial review - 3. Management report Non-Core recorded a loss before exceptionals of € 3.3 billion in 2011. Non-Core comprises those assets which the bank is committed to deleveraging and losses on the transfer of loans to NAMA, together with related costs. Non-Core income statement Net interest income Other income Total operating (loss)/income Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation/amortisation Total operating expenses Operating (loss)/profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Operating loss Associated undertakings Loss before exceptionals NAMA transfer related losses Writeback/(charge) of contingent provisions for NAMA loans Loss on disposal of loans Loss before taxation 2011 € m 148 37 185 70 62 2 134 51 3,325 6 6 3,337 (3,286) - (3,286) (364) 433 (325) (3,542) 2010 € m 234 115 349 102 72 2 176 173 3,601 - 11 3,612 (3,439) - (3,439) (5,969) (1,029) (50) (10,487) Non-Core was established to formulate and implement AIB’s strategy of deleveraging non-core assets through a combination of disposals, run-off, refinancing and other forms of deleveraging. Non-Core assets are managed as a distinct portfolio within the business by a dedicated management team. The team has an explicit performance mandate to realise optimum value from the portfolio while also preserving AIB’s core customer franchise within the overall objective of meeting the defined deleveraging targets as agreed with the regulatory authorities. To date, AIB has made significant progress in meeting its deleveraging targets. During 2011, Non-Core net loans reduced by € 10.1 billion, notwithstanding the inclusion of € 2.2 billion of EBS loans classified as non-core at 31 December 2011. This reduction was achieved through a combination of disposals, targeted non-refinancing of loans, redemptions, scheduled repayments and additional provisioning. This principally occurred in overseas property, project finance and other leveraged portfolios located in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe. Losses before exceptionals of € 3.3 billion in 2011 compared to € 3.4 billion in 2010. Net interest income declined by 37% from € 234 million to € 148 million as loan volumes declined significantly in line with the bank’s ongoing deleveraging strategy. Lower fee income following the sale of non-core businesses and losses on credit derivative contracts contributed to the fall in other income. Total operating expenses fell by 24%, principally impacted by lower staff numbers, staff related costs and operating expenses following the sale of non-core businesses. The reduction in credit provisions from € 3.6 billion in 2010 to € 3.3 billion in 2011 reflects lower NAMA loans in 2011. Excluding credit provisions on NAMA loans, credit provisions increased from € 2.1 billion in 2010 to € 3.2 billion in 2011. Continuing credit stresses, particularly in the property and development portfolios, contributed to this increase. 44 Financial review - 4. Capital management The objectives of the Group’s capital management policy are to at all times comply with regulatory capital requirements and to ensure that the Group has sufficient capital to cover the current and future risks inherent in its business and to support its future development. The Group does this through an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (“ICAAP”), which is subject to supervisory review and evaluation. The minimum regulatory capital requirements set by the Central Bank, which reflect the requirements of the Capital Requirements Directive, establish a floor of 4% under which the core tier 1 capital ratio must not fall (8% for total capital ratio). These ratios were the capital adequacy requirements effective as at 31 December 2010. Following the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) in March 2011 which was carried out as part of the Financial Measures Programme, the Central Bank announced a new minimum capital target for AIB of 10.5% core tier 1 in a base scenario and 6% core tier 1 in a stressed scenario. These target ratios form the basis of the Group’s capital management policy and are the capital adequacy requirements effective as at 31 December 2011. Following the recapitalisation, as at 31 December 2011, the actual core tier 1 capital ratio was 17.9%. Capital Requirements Directive The Capital Requirements Directive (“CRD”), which came into force on 1 January 2007, is the EU directive that establishes the regulatory capital adequacy requirements for credit institutions. It is set out in three distinct ‘pillars’. Pillar 1 is concerned with the calculation of the minimum capital requirements for credit risk, market risk and operational risk. Under Pillar 2 banks are required to estimate their own internal capital requirements to cover all material risks (not limited to the pillar 1 risks) as part of their ICAAP which is then subject to supervisory review and evaluation (known as the “SREP”). Pillar 3 (‘market discipline’) involves the disclosure of a suite of qualitative and quantitative risk management information to the market. The Group most recently issued Pillar 3 disclosures in July 2011. Since it came into effect the CRD has been amended a number of times (“CRD II” and “CRD III”). These amendments reflected in the main; new requirements on hybrid tier one capital instruments; updates to the large exposures regime; improved risk management requirements for securitisations; and changes to trading book capital requirements. These amendments have not had a material impact on the capital position of the Group. CRD IV is currently being drafted and is expected to come into effect on a phased basis from 2013, fully effective from 1 January 2018. It is based on the Basel 3 recommendations, which were developed in response to the recent banking crisis and aims to strengthen the capital adequacy of banks by: - increasing the quality of eligible capital the banks can include in their capital base for capital adequacy purposes; and - increasing the quantity of capital held by setting significantly higher minimum capital ratios and identifying capital buffers that can be imposed by national supervisors according to their assessment of risk exposure. Financial Measures Programme Under the terms of the Joint EU-IMF Programme for Ireland, a PCAR exercise was carried out during March 2011. The outcome of this review was published by the Central Bank in the Financial Measures Programme Report on 31 March 2011. The Central Bank based its decision on required recapitalisation on loan-loss projections, along with further assumptions concerning the prospective income, expenditure, and deleveraging plans. The total PCAR capital requirement announced for AIB was € 13.3 billion, of which € 1.4 billion was required to be in the form of contingent capital. This announcement superseded the previous PCAR announcements made in 2010. Following the acquisition of EBS on 1 July 2011, AIB also assumed the PCAR requirement for EBS. This was € 1.5 billion, of which € 0.2 billion was required to be in the form of contingent capital. This resulted in a total PCAR requirement for the Group, post EBS acquisition, of € 14.8 billion (of which € 1.6 billion was required to be form of contingent capital), to be completed by the end of July 2011. Recapitalisation by the Irish Government The Group’s capital base has undergone significant changes during 2011, the most significant of which was the recapitalisation of the Group by the Irish Government following the completion of the Central Bank’s Financial Measures Programme. Apart from a € 2.1 billion core tier 1 gain from the liability management exercises carried out in June/July 2011, the € 14.8 billion PCAR capital requirement was provided by the State as follows: Placing of € 5 billion Following shareholder approval at the EGM of 26 July 2011, AIB raised € 5 billion in core tier 1 capital. Under a placing agreement, the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) agreed to subscribe in cash for 500,000,000,000 new ordinary shares at a price of € 0.01 per share. This capital was issued on 27 July 2011. 45 Financial review - 4. Capital management Contingent capital notes issue Following shareholder approval at the EGM of 26 July 2011, contingent capital notes were issued by AIB to the Minister for Finance on 27 July 2011. These are subordinated tier 2 capital instruments issued at par with five year and one day maturities, an annual coupon of 10% and an aggregate principal amount of € 1.6 billion. The contingent capital notes will convert immediately and mandatorily in their entirety into ordinary shares should a predefined capital deficiency or non-viability event occur. Capital contributions On 28 July 2011, AIB received capital contributions totalling € 6.1 billion from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC. No new shares were issued in return for these capital contributions. The following table summarises the elements of the recapitalisation: March 2011 PCAR requirement Liability management exercise Equity placing Capital contribution Core tier 1 recapitalisation Contingent capital instrument (tier 2) Total recapitalisation 2011 € bn 14.8 2.1 5.0 6.1 13.2 1.6 14.8 Liability Management Exercises (“LMEs”) On 24 January 2011, AIB completed a tender offer for certain of its tier 2 capital instruments, in which it offered to purchase for cash at 30% of their face value, lower tier 2 securities with a nominal value of € 3.9 billion. Tender offers were approved for approximately € 2 billion of these lower tier 2 securities. In addition, € 0.2 billion was exchanged for cash in a private placement. The Group generated core tier 1 capital of approximately € 1.5 billion as a result of this liability management exercise which was reflected in the income statement. On 13 May 2011, AIB launched a tender offer for cash for all its outstanding subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments. Under this offer AIB agreed to purchase these instruments at significant discounts to their face value. In relation to the instruments settled in June/July 2011 a gain amounting to € 1,343 million was recognised in the income statement and a further gain of € 387 million directly in equity. Three remaining instruments settled in July 2011 bringing the total LME gain to € 2.1 billion, € 1.7 billion recognised in the income statement and € 0.4 billion recognised directly in equity. Regulatory capital ratios The recapitalisation is reflected in a significant strengthening of the Group’s capital ratios in the period from 31 December 2010 to 31 December 2011, during which the Group’s core tier 1 ratio increased from 4.0% to 17.9%. Total capital ratio increased from 9.2% to 20.5%. 46 The following table summarises the Group capital position as at 31 December 2011 and 2010: Capital adequacy information* Tier 1 Paid up share capital and related share premium Eligible reserves Equity non-controlling interests in subsidiaries Regulatory adjustments Core tier 1 capital Supervisory deductions from tier 1(1) Unconsolidated financial investments Securitisations Core tier 1 capital (including supervisory deductions)(1) Non-equity non-controlling interests in subsidiaries Non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities Reserve capital instruments Supervisory deductions from tier 1 capital Unconsolidated financial investments Securitisations Total tier 1 capital Tier 2(2) Eligible reserves Credit provisions Subordinated perpetual loan capital Subordinated term loan capital Supervisory deductions from tier 2 capital Total tier 2 capital Gross capital Supervisory deductions Total capital Risk weighted assets (unaudited) Credit risk Market risk Operational risk Total risk weighted assets Capital ratios (unaudited) Core tier 1 Total 2011 € m 10,096 5,313 - (263) 15,146 (2) (79) 15,065 - - - 15,065 125 795 - 1,472 (81) 2,311 17,376 (74) 17,302 77,863 560 5,856 84,279 2010 € m 9,054 (4,776) 501 (851) 3,928 189 138 239 (68) (191) 4,235 212 929 197 3,931 (258) 5,011 9,246 (141) 9,105 89,415 1,494 7,859 98,768 17.9%(1) 20.5% 4.0% 9.2%(2) (1)At 31 December 2011, under the Central Bank’s Financial Measures Programme (“FMP”), AIB is required to report its core tier 1 capital with 50:50 supervisory deductions now being applied to the core tier 1 capital calculation. These deductions were previously deducted from tier 1 capital. This methodology is consistent with that used to calculate capital shortfalls for participating institutions in the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) 2011. (2)At 31 December 2010, the Group, on a consolidated and individual basis, benefited from derogations from certain regulatory capital requirements granted on a temporary basis by the Central Bank of Ireland. The requirement for derogations arose as a result of loan impairment provisions at 31 December 2010. These derogations remained in place until the completion of the liability management exercise on 24 January 2011. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 47 Financial review - 4. Capital management Risk weighted assets (“RWAs”) reduced by € 14.5 billion in the period. Credit risk accounted for € 11.6 billion of the decrease, the primary driver of which was deleveraging. Deleveraging includes disposals, repayments, and provisions related to non-core assets (excluding sale of BZWBK). The disposal of BZWBK on 1 April 2011 resulted in a € 9.2 billion reduction in credit RWAs, however the acquisition of EBS on 1 July 2011 resulted in a € 9.6 billion increase in credit RWAs. Deterioration in borrower credit ratings also had an increasing effect on RWAs during the period. Market and operational RWAs accounted for a € 2.9 billion reduction in total RWAs. The disposal of BZWBK was the main driver of the reduction in operational RWAs and was also a contributory factor in the reduction of market risk weighted assets. Core tier 1 capital increased by € 11.2 billion to 31 December 2011. This was due to the € 5 billion equity placing (€ 1 billion in paid-up share capital and related share premium, € 4 billion in renominalisation reserves), capital contributions totalling € 8.3 billion (€ 6.1 billion from the State, € 0.8 billion resulting from the EBS acquisition, € 1.4 billion relating to the transfer of Anglo Irish Bank businesses), LME gains of € 3.6 billion, a € 1.5 billion gain on the disposal of AIB’s shareholding in BZWBK, offset by underlying losses. The net impact of these movements together with the decrease in risk weighted assets is an increase in the core tier 1 capital ratio from 4.0% as at 31 December 2010 to 17.9% at 31 December 2011. Tier 1 capital increased by € 10.8 billion to 31 December 2011. In addition to the aforementioned factors relating to the increase in core tier 1 capital, the LME in June/July 2011 resulted in a € 566 million reduction in non-core tier 1 capital instruments, partially offset by a reduction in the supervisory deductions relating to unconsolidated financial investments and securitisations (there is no deduction for expected loss on IRB portfolios as IRB provisions exceed expected loss). Tier 2 capital decreased by € 2.7 billion in the period, from € 5.0 billion as at 31 December 2010 to € 2.3 billion as at 31 December 2011. This was mainly due to the LMEs which resulted in approximately € 4.2 billion reduction in tier 2 loan capital. This was offset by the issue of € 1.6 billion of new subordinated debt in the form of the contingent capital instrument included in the recapitalisation of the Group in July 2011. The total capital ratio increased from 9.2% at 31 December 2010 to 20.5% as at 31 December 2011 which reflects the net movements in tier 1 and tier 2 capital as detailed above, a decrease in the supervisory deduction which relates to the life business joint venture with Aviva, and the reduction in risk weighted assets. EBA Stress Tests On 15 July 2011, the results of an EU-wide EBA stress test on European banks were published. The stress test, which set a threshold for passing of 5% core tier 1 ratio, showed that AIB would have a core tier 1 ratio of 11.7% (10.0% excluding contingent capital) at December 2012 following the application of the stress test and the raising of capital required by PCAR. AIB was found to have no further capital raising requirements as a result of the EBA stress test. The EBA conducted a further stress test during the second half of 2011 on certain sovereign exposures. On this occasion the threshold was raised to 9% core tier 1 capital ratio. The results were published on the 8 December 2011. The published results confirmed that AIB did not require any additional capital. 48  Financial review - 5. Critical accounting policies & estimates The Group’s accounting policies are set out on pages 227 to 253 of this report. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since management judgement involves making estimates concerning the likelihood of future events, the actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounting policies that are deemed critical to AIB’s results and financial position, in terms of the materiality of the items to which the policy is applied and the estimates that have a significant impact on the financial statements are set out in this section. In addition, estimates with a significant risk of material adjustment in the next year are also discussed. Going concern* The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. In making its assessment of the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Board of Directors have taken into consideration the significant economic and market risks and uncertainties that currently impact Irish financial institutions and the Group. These include the ability to access Eurosystem funding and Central Bank liquidity facilities to meet liquidity requirements. In addition, the Directors have considered the current level of capital and the potential requirement for capital in the assessment period. Furthermore, the Directors considered the risks and uncertainties impacting the Eurozone. Loan impairment* AIB’s accounting policy for impairment of financial assets is set out in accounting policy number 15. The provisions for impairment of loans and receivables at 31 December 2011 represent management’s best estimate of the losses incurred in the loan portfolios at the reporting date. The estimation of loan losses is inherently uncertain and depends upon many factors, including loan loss trends, portfolio grade profiles, local and international economic climates, conditions in various industries to which AIB Group is exposed and other external factors such as legal and regulatory requirements. Credit risk is identified, assessed and measured through the use of credit rating and scoring tools. The ratings influence the management of individual loans. Special attention is paid to lower quality rated loans and when appropriate, loans are transferred to specialist units to help avoid default, or where in default, to help minimise loss. The credit rating triggers the raising of specific provisions on individual loans where there is doubt about their recoverability. The management process for the identification of loans requiring provision is underpinned by independent tiers of review. Credit quality and loan loss provisioning are independently monitored by credit and risk management on a regular basis. All AIB market segments assess and approve their provisions and provision adequacy on a quarterly basis. These provisions are in turn reviewed and approved by the AIB Group Credit Committee on a quarterly basis with ultimate Group levels being approved by the Audit Committee and the Board. Key assumptions underpinning the Group’s estimates of collective and IBNR provisioning are back tested with the benefit of experience and revisited for currency on a regular basis. Specific provisions A specific provision is made against problem loans when, in the judgement of management, the estimated repayment realisable from the obligor, including the value of any security available, is likely to fall short of the amount of principal and interest outstanding on the obligor’s loan or overdraft account. The amount of the specific provision made in the Group’s consolidated financial statements is intended to cover the difference between the assets’ carrying value and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the assets’ original effective interest rates. Specific provisions are created for cases that are individually significant (i.e. above certain thresholds), and also collectively for assets that are not individually significant. The amount of an individually assessed specific provision required is highly dependent on estimates of the amount of future cash flows and their timing. Individually insignificant loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. As this process is model driven, based on historic loan recovery rates, the total amount of the Group’s impairment provisions on these loans is somewhat uncertain as it may not totally reflect the impact of the prevailing market conditions. However, the recovery rates are updated at a minimum on a yearly basis. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 49  Financial review - 5. Critical accounting policies & estimates Loan impairment* (continued) Changes in the estimate of the value of security and the time it takes to receive those cash flows could have a significant effect on the amount of impairment provisions required and on the income statement expense and balance sheet position, for example, in assessing the value of residential property held as collateral for impaired mortgage loans in Ireland, AIB uses a ‘peak to trough’ house price decline of 55% as a base. In certain circumstances, realisation costs of 10% to 20% are also deducted. For larger impaired loans (individually significant) other factors such as recent transactional evidence and/or local knowledge are considered, which can result in higher discounts to collateral values. CSO statistics for December 2011 outline a ‘peak to trough’ decline of 48.2% for residential property, nationally. If prices were to decline by a further 5% from AIB's assumed values and this decline fell directly through to the collateral values of its impaired mortgage loans in Ireland, the additional impairment provision impact would be in the range of approximately € 175 million to € 225 million. The construction and property loan portfolio has been particularly adversely impacted by the downturn in both the Irish and UK economies. Collateral values have significantly reduced and, particularly in Ireland, there is little or no market activity in the sector. Accordingly, the estimation of cash flows likely to arise from the realisation of such collateral is subject to a very high degree of uncertainty. Incurred but not reported provisions Incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) provisions are also maintained to cover loans which are impaired at the reporting date and, while not specifically identified, are known from experience to be present in any portfolio of loans. IBNR provisions are maintained at levels that are deemed appropriate by management having considered: credit grading profiles and grading movements; historic loan loss rates; changes in credit management; procedures, processes and policies; levels of credit management skills; local and international economic climates; portfolio sector profiles/industry conditions; and current estimates of loss in the portfolio. The total amount of impairment loss in the Group’s non-impaired portfolio and therefore the adequacy of the IBNR allowance is inherently uncertain. There may be factors in the portfolio that have not been a feature of the past and changes in credit grading profiles and grading movements may lag the change in the credit profile of the customer. In addition, current estimates of loss within the earning portfolio and the period of time it takes following a loss event for an individual loan to be recognised as impaired (‘emergence period’) are subject to a greater element of estimation due to the speed of change in the economies in which the Group operates and the unprecedented market conditions. Deferred taxation* The Group’s accounting policy for deferred tax is set out in accounting policy number 13. Details of the Group’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are contained in note 39. Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable (defined for this purpose as more likely than not) that there will be sufficient future taxable profits against which the losses can be used. For a company with a history of recent losses, there must be convincing other evidence to underpin this assessment. The recognition of the deferred tax asset relies on the assessment of future profitability and the sufficiency of those profits to absorb losses carried forward. It requires significant judgements to be made about the projection of long-term future profitability because of the period over which recovery extends. In assessing the future profitability of the Group, the Board has considered a range of positive and negative evidence for this purpose. Among this evidence, the principal positive factors include the: - - financial support provided by the Irish Government to AIB as agreed with the EU/IMF; Irish Government’s committed support to AIB and its nomination of the Group as one of two pillar banks in the smaller reconstructed Irish banking sector; financial support provided to the Irish State under the EU/IMF programme; absence of any expiry dates for Irish and UK tax losses; non-enduring nature of the loan impairments at levels which resulted in recent years’ losses; continued generation of operating profits before provisions in recent years; restructuring plan submitted to the European Commission and initial responses from the Commission to that plan; return to profitability within the Group’s internal medium-term financial plan and the ability to grow profits thereafter; and - - - - - - *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 50 Deferred taxation* (continued) - external forecasts for Ireland and the UK which indicate economic recovery through the period of the medium-term financial plan. Against this, there is a number of uncertainties inherent in any long-term financial assumptions and projections, including: - - - continued funding and margin pressures; reduced size of the Group’s operations following re-structuring; and recent instability in the Eurozone and in the Irish and global economies. Taking account of all relevant factors the Group believes that it is more likely than not that it will return to profitability within the timescale of the Group’s medium-term financial plan by 2014 and will achieve profits producing a sustainable market-range return on equity in the long term. In the absence of any expiry date for tax losses in Ireland or the UK, the Group therefore believes that it is more likely than not that there will be future taxable profits, in the relevant Group companies, against which to use the tax losses (subject to the specific exceptions detailed in note 39). The amount of recognised deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses amounts to € 3,707 million of which € 2,833 million relates to Irish tax losses and € 874 million relates to United Kingdom tax losses. IAS 12 does not permit a company to apply present value discounting to its deferred tax assets or liabilities, regardless of the estimated timescales over which those assets or liabilities are projected to be realised. AIB Group’s deferred tax assets are projected to be realised over a long timescale, benefiting from the absence of any expiry date for Irish or UK tax losses. As a result, the carrying value of the deferred tax assets on the statement of financial position would not be an accurate guide to the fair value of those assets. Determination of fair value of financial instruments* The Group’s accounting policy for the determination of fair value of financial instruments is set out in accounting policy number 16. The best evidence of fair value is quoted prices in an active market. The absence of quoted prices due to the deterioration of the world’s financial markets increases reliance on valuation techniques and requires the use of judgement in the estimation of fair value. This judgement includes but is not limited to: - evaluating available market information; determining the cash flows for the instruments; identifying a risk free discount rate and applying an appropriate credit spread. Valuation techniques that rely to a greater extent on non-observable data require a higher level of management judgement to calculate a fair value than those based wholly on observable data. The choice of contributors, the quality of market data used for pricing, and the valuation techniques used are all subject to internal review and approval procedures. Given the uncertainty and subjective nature of valuing financial instruments at fair value, any change in these variables could give rise to the financial instruments being carried at a different valuation, with a consequent impact on shareholders’ equity and, in the case of derivatives and contingent capital instruments, the income statement. NAMA senior bonds designation and valuation* The Group’s accounting policy for NAMA senior bonds is set out in accounting policy number 17. These bonds are separately disclosed in the statement of financial position. NAMA senior bonds have been designated as loans and receivables at 31 December 2011, as they meet the criteria to be so designated. The bases for measurement, interest recognition and impairment for NAMA senior bonds are the same as those for loans and receivables (see accounting policy numbers 6, 15, and 18). There is no active market for the NAMA senior bonds, accordingly, the fair value at take on was determined using a valuation technique. The absence of quoted prices in an active market required an increased use of management judgement in the estimation of fair value. This judgement included, but was not limited to: evaluating available market information; determining the cash flows generated by the instruments; identifying a risk free discount rate and applying an appropriate credit spread. The valuation technique and critical assumptions used were subject to internal review and approval procedures. While the Group believes its estimates of fair value are appropriate, the use of different measurements, valuation techniques or assumptions could have given rise to the NAMA senior bonds being measured at a different valuation at initial recognition, with a consequent impact on the income statement. NAMA senior bonds are subject to the same credit review processes and procedures as for loans and receivables (accounting policy number 15). *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 51  Financial review - 5. Critical accounting policies & estimates Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations* The Group’s accounting policy for non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations is set out in accounting policy number 23. For a non-current asset or a disposal group to be classified as held for sale, the Group believes that its carrying amount will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use, it is available for immediate sale and a sale is highly probable within one year. In the case of discontinued operations, these constitute both a major line of business and a geographical area of operation. On initial classification as held for sale, non-current assets and discontinued operations are measured at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Loans and receivables held for sale within ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’ are accounted for as for all other loans and receivables (account policy numbers 6, 15 and 18). Derecognition will take place on the date on which the risks and rewards inherent in these assets transfer. No provisions, apart from normal credit impairment provisions, have been made against the carrying value of any such loans. The difference between the carrying value at the date of derecognition and the consideration received will be recognised in the income statement. Discontinued operations are presented in the income statement (including comparatives) as a separate amount, comprising the total of the post tax profit or loss of the discontinued operations for the period together with any post-tax gain or loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell, or on disposal of the assets/disposal groups constituting discontinued operations. In presenting interest income and interest expense and various expenses relating to discontinued operations, account is taken of the continuance or otherwise of these income statement items post disposal of the discontinued operation. Corporate overhead, which was previously allocated to the business being disposed of, is considered to be part of continuing operations. In the statement of financial position, the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations are shown within the caption ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets/(liabilities) held for sale’ separate from other assets and liabilities. Retirement benefit obligations* The Group’s accounting policy for retirement benefit plans is set out in accounting policy number 11. The Group provides a number of defined benefit and defined contribution retirement benefit schemes in various geographic locations, the majority of which are funded. In relation to the defined benefit schemes, a full actuarial valuation is undertaken every three years and is updated to reflect current conditions in the intervening periods. Scheme assets are valued at fair value. Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis, using the projected unit method and discounted at the current rate of return on a high quality corporate bond of equivalent term and currency to the liability. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive income. In calculating the scheme liabilities and the charge to the income statement, the directors have chosen a number of assumptions within an acceptable range, under advice from the Group’s actuaries. The impact on the income statement and statement of financial position could be materially different if a different set of assumptions were used. Financial asset and financial liability classification* The Group’s accounting policies provide scope for financial assets and financial liabilities to be designated on inception into different accounting categories in certain circumstances. In classifying financial assets and financial liabilities as ‘trading’ the Group has determined that they meet the definition of trading assets and trading liabilities as set out in accounting policy number 18 Financial assets and accounting policy number 19 Financial liabilities. On 13 October 2008, the IASB issued an amendment to IAS 39 which permits the reclassification of financial assets from trading portfolio financial assets. AIB availed of the option provided by the amendment to reclassify securities from the trading portfolio to the available for sale portfolio, based on their fair value on 1 July 2008, as described in note 27. In addition, in 2009 certain available for sale debt securities were reclassified to loans and receivables to customers (notes 30 and 34). The classification of financial assets and financial liabilities has a significant effect on their income statement treatment and could have a significant impact on reported income Basis of consolidation* For third party acquisitions, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their acquisition date fair values. Where these acquisitions relate to the acquisition of a business between entities under the control of the Irish Government, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their carrying value in the books of the transferor at the date of transfer, adjusted for any differences in accounting policies. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 52 Customer accounts The following table analyses average deposits by customers based on the location of the offices in which the deposits are recorded. The analysis for 2010 shows continuing operations and discontinued operations separately. It is presented on a total Group basis for 2011 and 2009. Domestic offices Current accounts Deposits: Demand Time Foreign offices Current accounts Deposits: Demand Time Total 2011 Total Group € m Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m x 11,179 11,641 5,388 31,068 47,635 6,110 30,984 48,735 - - - - 2009 Total Group € m 11,744 6,793 36,175 54,712 4,144 5,403 4,335 8,872 1,920 6,759 12,823 60,458 2,611 11,525 19,539 68,274 - 5,920 10,255 10,255 1,878 18,427 29,177 83,889 Current accounts are both interest bearing and non-interest bearing checking accounts raised through AIB Group’s branch network in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Britain and Poland. Demand deposits attract interest rates which vary from time to time in line with movements in market rates and according to size criteria. Such accounts are not subject to withdrawal by cheque or similar instrument and have no fixed maturity dates. Time deposits are generally larger, attract higher rates of interest than demand deposits and have predetermined maturity dates. Customer accounts by currency The following table analyses customer deposits by currency as at 31 December: Euro US dollar Sterling Polish zloty Other currencies Total 2011 Total Group € m 46,376 1,197 12,974 3 124 60,674 Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m 38,715 1,422 11,869 - 383 52,389 908 203 57 9,317 11 10,496 2009 Total Group € m 48,465 7,302 18,035 9,033 1,118 83,953 53 Financial review - 6. Deposits and short term borrowings Large time deposits and certificates of deposit The following tables show details of the Group’s large time deposits and certificates of deposit (US$ 100,000 and over or the equivalent in other currencies) by time remaining until maturity as at 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. The analysis for 2010 shows continuing operations and discontinued operations separately. It is presented on a total Group basis for 2011 and 2009, since the statement of financial position has not been re-presented for comparatives for 2009. Total Group Large time deposits 3 months After 3 months After 6 months After Total or less but within but within 12 months 6 months 12 months € m € m € m € m € m 2011 Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ Certificates of deposit Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ 8,479 2,912 36 194 2,867 935 5 - 3,389 1,464 17 19 1,953 16,688 357 5,668 - - 58 213 Total .................................................................. 11,621 3,807 4,889 2,310 22,627 Continuing operations Large time deposits Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ Certificates of deposit Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ 3 months After 3 months After 6 months After 2010 Total or less € m 8,244 3,301 - 38 but within 6 months € m 1,938 1,126 - - but within 12 months 12 months € m € m € m 1,737 902 - 10 450 883 - 206 12,369 6,212 - 254 Total .................................................................. 11,583 3,064 2,649 1,539 18,835 Discontinued operations ........................................ Large time deposits Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ Certificates of deposit Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ 3 months or less € m - 1,752 - - Total .................................................................. 1,752 After 3 months but within 6 months € m After 6 months but within 12 months € m After 12 months 2010 Total € m € m - 473 - - 473 - 250 - - 250 - 18 - - - 2,493 - - 18 2,493 54 Large time deposits and certificates of deposit (continued) .......................................................................... Total Group Large time deposits Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ Certificates of deposit Domestic offices ........................................ Foreign offices............................................ Total .................................................................. 16,839 12,150 559 4,409 33,957 3,150 2,148 10 131 5,439 3 months or less € m After 3 months but within 6 months € m After 6 months but within 12 months € m 2009 Total After 12 months € m € m 1,551 393 23,331 16,027 - 5 587 4,781 1,791 1,336 18 236 3,381 1,949 44,726 55 Financial review - 6. Deposits and short term borrowings Short-term borrowings The following table shows details of short-term borrowings of AIB Group for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. The analysis for 2010 shows continuing operations and discontinued operations separately. It is presented on a total Group basis for 2011 and 2009, since the statement of financial position has not been re-presented for comparatives for 2009. Commercial Paper: End of year outstandings Highest month-end balance Average balance Average rate of interest At end of year During the year Repurchase agreements: End of year outstandings Highest month-end balance Average balance Average rate of interest At end of year During year Other short-term borrowings: End of year outstandings Highest month-end balance Average balance Average rate of interest At end of year During year 2011 Total Group € m Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m - 423 35 - 1.25% 32,878 49,088 39,646 712 4,092 2,622 1.32% 0.83% 40,660 43,441 28,777 0.98% 1.33% 1.66% 0.96% 6,752 11,987 7,363 11,326 26,102 17,807 - - - - - 409 1,314 728 3.19% 2.89% 47 209 132 2009 Total Group € m 5,036 8,413 5,322 0.62% 1.32% 24,381 32,298 24,681 0.75% 1.00% 25,900 46,680 27,637 2.21% 1.99% 2.09% 1.33% 1.08% 1.71% 1.77% 1.89% Average interest rates during the year are computed by dividing total interest expense by the average amount borrowed. Average interest rates at the year end are average rates for a single day and as such may reflect one-day market distortions which may not be indicative of generally prevailing rates. ‘Other short-term borrowings’ consist principally of borrowings in the inter-bank market included within ‘Deposits by central banks and banks’ and ‘Debt securities in issue’ in the consolidated financial statements and generally have remaining maturities of one year or less. The maturity profiles of the above outstandings are disclosed in note 61 of the consolidated financial statements. 56 Financial review - 7. Financial investments available for sale Available for sale debt securities The following tables categorise AIB Group’s available-for-sale debt securities by contractual residual maturity and weighted average yield at 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. The analysis for 2010 shows continuing operations and discontinued operations separately. It is presented on a total Group basis for 2011 and 2009, since the statement of financial position has not been re-presented for comparatives for 2009. Continuing operations Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational Banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments Total ............................................................ 2,276 Continuing operations Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational Banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments Total ............................................................ 4,547 Within 1 year € m Yield % After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % 2011 After 10 years € m Yield % 3.8 2.5 0.7 3.7 - - - 2.3 1.7 3.1 2.7 - 2.7 2,204 810 361 896 - 9 29 1,896 200 74 154 12 6,645 6.9 2.0 1.7 2.0 - 1.9 2.3 4.3 2.9 6.4 4.9 6.9 4.4 2,113 621 417 107 - 10 32 191 44 12 65 - 3,612 6.6 2.9 3.7 2.6 - 3.9 2.0 4.1 3.0 9.2 8.0 - 5.3 207 292 429 14 - 489 1,149 - - 7 25 - 2,612 6.5 3.8 3.9 1.0 - 0.6 2.0 - - 8.3 6.3 - 2.7 Within 1 year Yield % € m After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % 2010 After 10 years € m Yield % 3.1 3.6 4.7 5.0 3.6 - - 2.5 3.8 1.9 7.5 - 3.5 1,471 1,853 208 883 - 33 7 2,293 599 152 280 12 7,791 4.2 2.2 2.7 2.2 - 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.1 6.0 5.4 6.9 2.9 1,930 527 538 163 - 11 171 547 132 11 83 - 4,113 6.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 - 2.7 1.0 3.4 11.1 8.1 7.2 - 4.7 - 383 358 - 41 841 2,382 10 - 7 38 - 4,060 - 3.8 4.8 - 0.6 0.6 1.6 4.8 - 8.0 6.7 - 1.9 693 137 63 131 - - - 968 232 17 35 - 908 754 589 271 142 - - 1,116 702 17 48 - Discontinued operations Within 1 year Yield % € m After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % Euro government securities Non Euro government securities U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Euro bank securities Total ............................................................ 30 341 5 - 376 3.5 2.6 4.9 - 2.7 40 897 - 13 950 4.7 3.6 - 5.8 3.6 - 388 - 6 394 - 4.7 - 6.3 4.8 2010 After 10 years € m Yield % - - - - - - - - - - 57 Financial review - 7. Financial investments available for sale Available for sale debt securities (continued) Group Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational Banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Certificates of deposit Other investments 81 193 613 52 164 - - 2,218 800 207 47 Total ............................................................ 4,375 Within 1 year Yield % € m After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % 3.8 3.1 2.4 6.0 3.2 - - 1.9 1.7 1.7 5.3 2.2 1,848 1,206 1,039 492 140 34 58 3,813 1,878 - 610 11,118 3.8 3.5 3.5 4.5 3.2 1.6 0.5 2.1 2.0 - 6.7 3.0 1,769 335 383 75 - 12 309 763 74 - 111 3,831 5.1 2.9 3.2 3.3 - 2.0 0.6 2.9 2.4 - 7.3 3.9 2009 After 10 years € m Yield % 243 370 594 - 47 1,088 3,161 10 121 - 51 5,685 4.5 3.9 4.8 - 0.5 0.6 1.3 4.7 10.0 - 6.9 2.0 The weighted average yield for each range of maturities is calculated by dividing the annual interest prevailing at the date of the statement of financial position by market value of securities held at that date. Financial investments available for sale unrealised gains/losses The following table gives the fair value of financial investments available for sale by major classifications together with the gross unrealised gains and losses at 31 December 2009. See note 34 of the financial statements for this analysis for 2011 and 2010. Fair value € m Unrealised gross gains € m Unrealised gross losses € m Net unrealised gains/(losses) € m Tax effect € m 2009 Net after tax € m 105 56 46 23 8 (31) (278) (12) (22) 1 13 (91) 121 115 66 57 26 9 (36) (318) (14) (25) 1 16 (103) 151 (10) (10) (11) (3) (1) 5 40 2 3 - (3) 12 (30) 48 (18) 30 Group Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Certificates of deposit Other investments Total debt securities Equity securities Total financial investments available for sale 3,941 2,104 2,629 619 351 1,134 3,528 6,804 2,873 207 819 25,009 327 25,336 137 69 65 28 10 - 2 72 21 1 34 439 158 597 (22) (3) (8) (2) (1) (36) (320) (86) (46) - (18) (542) (7) (549) 58 Financial review - 8. Financial investments held to maturity The following table categorises the Group’s financial investments held to maturity, by maturity and weighted average yield at 31 December 2010, for discontinued operations (there were no financial investments held to maturity for continuing operations in 2010). It is presented on a total Group basis for 2009, which includes both continuing and discontinued operations, since the statement of financial position has not been re-presented for comparatives. There were no financial investments held to maturity at 31 December 2011. Discontinued operations Within 1 year Yield % € m After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % 2010 After 10 years € m Yield % Non Euro government securities .................. 283 4.3 901 5.2 227 5.6 - - Total Group Within 1 year Yield % € m After 1 but within 5 years € m Yield % After 5 but within 10 years € m Yield % 2009 After 10 years € m Yield % Non Euro government securities .................. 231 6.0 1,010 4.9 345 5.8 - - 59 Financial review - 9. Contractual obligations Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual cash flows are set out in note 62 to the consolidated financial statements. The tables in this section provide details of the contractual obligations of the Group as at 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009 in respect of capital expenditure and operating lease commitments. The analysis for 2010 shows continuing operations and discontinued operations separately. It is presented on a total Group basis for 2009, since the statement of financial position has not been re-presented for comparatives. Continuing operations Contractual obligations Capital expenditure commitments Operating leases Total Continuing operations Contractual obligations Capital expenditure commitments Operating leases Total Discontinued operations Contractual obligations Capital expenditure commitments Operating leases Total Total Group Contractual obligations Capital expenditure commitments Operating leases Total Less than 1 year € m 1 to 3 years € m 3 to 5 years € m After 5 years € m 11 80 91 Less than 1 year € m 20 73 93 Less than 1 year € m 9 37 46 Less than 1 year € m 35 x111119 154 - 134 134 1 to 3 years € m - 127 127 1 to 3 years € m - 63 63 1 to 3 years € m - 212 212 - 126 126 3 to 5 years € m - 107 107 3 to 5 years € m - 49 49 3 to 5 years € m - 166 166 - 557 557 After 5 years € m - 546 546 After 5 years € m - 77 77 After 5 years € m - 659 659 2011 Total € m 11 897 908 2010 Total € m 20 853 873 2010 Total € m 9 226 235 2009 Total € m 35 1,156 1,191 There are certain regulatory restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer funds to the parent company in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. The impact of such restrictions is not expected to have a material effect on the Group’s ability to meet its cash obligations. 60 Risk management 1. Risk factors 2. Framework 2.1 Risk Management Framework 2.2 Risk appetite 2.3 Risk governance and risk management organisation 2.4 Risk identification and assessment process 2.5 Stress and scenario testing 2.6 Future developments 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk Credit Exposure Credit risk management Credit profile of the loan portfolio Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio Credit profile of residential mortgages Credit ratings of total loans and receivables to customers Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries Additional risk information on loans and receivables Financial investments available for sale Exposures to selected Eurozone countries 3.2 Liquidity risk 3.3 Market risk 3.4 Non-trading interest rate risk 3.5 Structural foreign exchange risk 3.6 Operational risk 3.7 Regulatory compliance risk 3.8 Pension risk 3.9 Discontinued operations - Credit risk 3.10 Parent company risk information Page 62 69 69 69 71 71 71 72 72 76 83 97 115 130 134 152 164 167 173 174 178 179 179 180 181 182 184 61 Risk management - 1. Risk factors Introduction The Group’s approach to identifying and monitoring the principal risks and uncertainties it faces is informed by risk factors. All of the Group’s activities involve, to varying degrees, the measurement, evaluation, acceptance and management of risks which are assessed on a Group wide basis. Certain risks can be mitigated by the use of safeguards and appropriate systems and actions which form part of the Group’s risk management framework.The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group fall under the following broad categories: - macro-economic and geopolitical risk; - macro-prudential, regulatory and legal risks to our business model; and, - risks related to our business operations, governance and internal control systems. The risks pertaining to each of these categories are set out in summary form in the box below and described in more detail in subsequent pages. Macro-economic and geopolitical risk - Ireland depends materially on financial support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Union (“EU”) and the European Central Bank (“ECB”) and may be adversely affected by the conditions attached to the financial support provided by these institutions. - The Group’s access to funding and liquidity is adversely affected by the financial instability within the Eurozone. - Contagion risks could disrupt markets and adversely affect the Group’s financial condition. - Constraints on liquidity, and market reaction to factors affecting Ireland and the Irish economy, have created an exceptionally challenging environment for the management of the Group’s liquidity. - The Group’s markets, particularly for retail deposits, are at risk from more intense competition. - The Group’s business may be adversely affected by a further deterioration in economic and market conditions. - General economic conditions continue to be very challenging for our mortgage and other lending customers and increase the risk of payment default. - The depressed Irish property prices may give rise to increased losses experienced by the Group. - The Group faces market risks, including non-trading interest rate risk. Macro-prudential, regulatory and legal risks to our business model - The Group may be affected by new measures introduced by the Irish Government to support the Irish economy. - The Group is subject to rigorous and demanding Government supervision and oversight. - The Group may be subject to the risk of having insufficient capital to meet increased regulatory requirements. - The Group’s business activities must comply with increasing levels of regulation introduced as a result of failings in financial markets. - The Group’s participation in the NAMA Programme gives rise to certain residual financial risks. - The Group may be adversely affected by further austerity and budget measures introduced by the Irish Government. - The value of certain financial instruments recorded at fair value is determined using financial models incorporating assumptions, judgements and estimates that may change over time,or may ultimately not turn out to be accurate,and the value realised by the Group for these assets may be materially different from their current,or estimated, fair value. - The Group’s deferred tax assets depend substantially on the generation of future profits over an extended number of years. - Adverse changes to tax legislation, regulatory requirements or accounting standards could impact capital ratios. Risks related to our business operations, governance and internal control systems - The Group is subject to inherent credit risks in respect of customers and counterparties which could adversely affect the Group’s results, financial condition and further prospects. - The Group faces heightened operational and reputational risks. - The restructuring of the Group entails risk. - The Group’s risk management strategies and techniques may be unsuccessful - There is always a risk of litigation arising from the Group’s activities. This list of principal risks and uncertainties should not be considered as exhaustive and other factors, not yet identified, or not currently considered material, may adversely affect the Group. Macro-economic and geopolitical risk Ireland depends materially on financial support on the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”), the European Union (“EU”) and the European Central Bank (“ECB”) and may be adversely affected by the conditions attached to the financial support provided by these institutions. On 28 November 2010, the Irish Government announced that it had agreed in principle to the provision of up to € 85 billion of financial support to Ireland by Member States of the EU through the European Financial Stability Fund (“EFSF”) and the European Financial Stability Mechanism (“ESFM”); bilateral loans from the UK, Sweden and Denmark and the IMFs Extended Fund Facility (“EFF”), in each case on the basis of specified conditions. It was agreed that € 17.5 billion of the € 85 billion package would be contributed by Ireland. The support is dependent upon the implementation of further restructuring, and the restoration of the long-term viability, of the 62 financial services sector, including by deleveraging and restructuring. (Whilst the deleveraging in AIB is primarily focussed on non-core activity within the Group, there is a risk that a failure to achieve the targets set for AIB may result in core assets being deleveraged which would adversely affect future financial performance). A failure to meet the specified conditions of the financial support and achieve the associated fiscal targets on time could lead to a termination of the financial support which could have a material adverse effect on the financial sector in Ireland and on the Group. The Group’s access to funding and liquidity is impacted by the financial instability within the Eurozone Economic, monetary and political conditions remain unstable within a number of the Eurozone members. There is a risk that EU/Eurozone members may not be able to support their debt burdens and meet future financial obligations, which may then be reflected in a further downgrade of sovereign credit ratings. This would adversely affect the cost and availability of funding to EU Member States and European banks. The Irish sovereign ratings have a direct impact on the Group’s rating. The Group’s credit rating is key in attracting and retaining deposits. Any further future downgrade could threaten the Group’s liquidity and funding including its deposit base and might also delay any future access to wholesale funding markets. Contagion risks could disrupt the markets and adversely affect the Group’s financial condition and results of its operations Contagion risk to the markets in which the Group operates continues and dislocations caused by the interdependency of financial market participants continues to be a source of material risk to the Group’s financial condition and results of operations. The Group has been exposed to increased counterparty risk as a result of the failure and risk of failure of financial institutions during the global economic crisis. Reductions in the perceived creditworthiness of one or more corporate borrowers, or financial institutions, or the financial services industry generally have led to market-wide liquidity problems, losses and defaults. Such reductions in creditworthiness and defaults could lead to further losses and further defaults by such borrowers and/or institutions, which could adversely affect the Group’s results, financial condition and future prospects. Another source of potential contagion risk relates to the Euro. The withdrawal of one or more countries from the Eurozone, or the disorderly break-up of the Euro would have a significant adverse effect on the financial stability of Europe, and with it that of the Irish financial system and Irish banks. The Irish banking system may also be significantly affected should the upcoming referendum in Ireland on the proposed EU Fiscal Treaty not be supported by the Irish people. Both scenarios could lead to a significant loss of customers deposits, as well as creating some immediate operational and business hurdles for the Group which could threaten its viability. Constraints on liquidity and market reaction to factors affecting Ireland and the Irish economy have created an exceptionally challenging environment for the management of the Group’s liquidity AIB has been operating in an exceptionally challenging environment for the last three years. Wholesale market conditions have restricted the Group’s funding access to short duration, mainly secured funding. Customer accounts have been affected by current adverse international sentiment towards the Irish sovereign and banking sector. The continuing availability of customer deposits to fund the Group’s loan portfolio is subject to factors outside the Group’s control, such as a loss of confidence of depositors in the Irish economy, the financial services industry or the Group, ratings downgrades, significant further deterioration in economic conditions and the availability and extent of deposit guarantees (including as a result of regulatory changes to deposit guarantee schemes and/or changes to the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee (“ELG” Scheme)). These were all factors in the loss of deposits experienced during 2011. Any further loss of confidence in the Group, or in banking businesses generally, could lead to a further losses of deposits over a short period of time. To meet its funding requirements, the Group has accessed a range of central bank liquidity facilities, including certain additional liquidity schemes introduced by central banks for market participants during periods of dislocation in the funding markets. This has included the switch of short term ECB drawings into 3 year Long Term Refinance Operation (“LTRO”) of December 2011. In accessing central bank and other secured lending facilities, the Group has relied significantly on its Qualifying Liquid Assets and Contingent Funding capacity. The implementation of the Financial Measures Programme, which requires each domestic Irish Bank to meet liquidity requirements including, but not limited to, a loan deposit ratio of 122.5% by December 2013, will require deleveraging measures such as the run off and disposal of non-core assets. The curtailment or non-extension of the central bank liquidity facilities currently relied upon by the Group, or the Group’s inability to access such secured facilities, should it exhaust its stock of available collateral, would require the Group to seek alternative sources of funding, including further support by the Government. The Group’s markets, particularly for retail deposits, are at risk from greater competition The Group faces intense and increased competition for retail deposits across all of its markets. In the absence of wholesale funding, the Group needs to retain and grow its retail deposits to support future growth. While the Group believes it is positioned to compete effectively, there can be no assurance that existing or increased competition will not adversely affect the Group in one or more of the markets in which it operates. 63 Risk management - 1. Risk factors The Group’s business may be adversely affected by a further deterioration in economic and market conditions The deterioration of the Irish and UK economies has significantly adversely affected the Group’s financial condition and performance in recent years. Although, following a very deep recession, economic activity had regained some momentum both in Ireland and internationally, global activity has weakened again. A renewed downturn in the performance of the Irish economy or other relevant economies could further adversely affect the Group’s financial condition and results. This could include further reductions in business activity, lower demand for the Group’s products and services, reduced availability of credit, increased funding costs, decreased asset values, and additional write-downs and impairment charges. This would have a material adverse effect on the Group’s plans for recovery and deleveraging. The Group’s financial performance may also be affected by future recovery rates on assets and the historical assumptions underlying asset recovery rates may no longer be accurate, given the general economic instability. General economic conditions continue to be very challenging for our mortgage and other lending to customers and increase the risk of payment default The Group remains heavily exposed to the Irish property market, notwithstanding the transfer of € 20 billion loans and receivables to NAMA since 2010. The high level of unemployment, coupled with a general reduction in disposable income (including increased taxes and pay reductions), has had an adverse impact on borrowers’ ability to repay loans and mortgage arrears on residential properties are increasing. Furthermore, in 2011 a number of initiatives and regulations were introduced following the Inter-Departmental Working Group on Mortgage Arrears and Personal Debt, including the publication of the ‘Keane Report’, the Code of Conduct on Mortgage Arrears, the Consumer Protection Code and Small & Medium Enterprises Code and the requirement for a Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy. Collectively, these have led to a need for more sophisticated mortgage arrears management strategies in particular the application of forbearance measures which were agreed for introduction in 2012. The impact of these measures has yet to be seen, but it does increase the risk of potential loan losses which the Group would not otherwise incur if it leads to a lack of willingness (as opposed to ability) to repay loans. Furthermore, there is a risk that the proposed reforms of the Irish Bankruptcy Laws may result in more customers choosing this as a debt solution. Overall there is an increased risk of further impairment to the Group’s residential mortgage and commercial property loan portfolios, leading to higher costs, additional write-downs and lower profitability for the Group. Depressed Irish property prices may give rise to increased losses for the Group Since the beginning of 2007, the Irish property market has undergone a material negative correction both in property prices and lending activity. The Group’s exposure to credit risk is exacerbated when the collateral it holds cannot be realised or is liquidated at prices that are not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or other exposure due to the Group. This is most likely to occur during periods of illiquidity and depressed asset valuations, such as those currently being experienced. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future performance and results. In addition, exposure to particularly vulnerable sectors of the Irish and/or UK economies, in particular property and construction, could result in reduced valuations of the assets over which the Group has taken security and reduced recoverability. Furthermore, an increase in interest rates in the Group’s main markets may lead, amongst other things, to further declines in collateral values, higher repayment costs and reduced recoverability. Together with the aforementioned risks this may adversely affect the Group’s earnings or require an increase in the expected cumulative impairment charge for the Group. The Group faces market risks, including non-trading interest rate risk In common with other banks, some of the most significant market risks the Group faces are interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Changes in interest rate levels, yield curves and spreads may affect the interest rate margin realised between lending and borrowing costs, the effect of which may be heightened during periods of liquidity stress, such as those experienced in recent times. Changes in foreign exchange rates, particularly in the Euro-Sterling rate, affect the value of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and the reported earnings of the Group’s non-Irish subsidiaries and may affect income from foreign exchange dealing, which could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial condition and operations. Non-trading interest rate risk is defined as the Group’s sensitivity to earnings volatility in its non-trading activity arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond the Group’s control, including the interest rate and other monetary policies of governments and central banks in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Non-trading interest rate risk in retail, commercial and corporate banking activities can arise from a variety of sources, including when the relevant assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments have different re-pricing dates and unfavourable movements in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial condition and operations. 64 Macro-prudential, regulatory and legal risks to our business model The Group may be affected by new measures introduced by the Irish Government to support the Irish economy On 31 March 2011, the Minister for Finance outlined the Irish Government’s policy in relation to the restructuring of the Irish banking sector. The Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 requires the Board to act in a manner that is aligned to the interests of the State in the performance of their duties, having regard to public interest considerations specified in that Act. The Group is subject to rigorous and demanding Government supervision and oversight As a result of the recapitalisations of AIB by the Irish Government, AIB is subject to a set of obligations outlined under a number of Subscription and Placing Agreements impacting on the Group’s governance, remuneration, operations and lending activities. These obligations are in addition to certain commitments and restrictions to the operation of the Group’s business under the CIFS Scheme, the NAMA Programme and the ELG Scheme, all of which may serve to limit the Group’s operations and place significant demands on the reporting systems and resources of the Group. The Group may be subject to the risk of having insufficient capital to meet increased minimum regulatory requirements The Group’s target capital requirements as determined by the Central Bank under its Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) are currently a core tier 1 ratio of 10.5% in the base scenario and of 6% in a stress scenario,(excluding a requirement for an additional protective buffer). As at December 2011 the Group achieved a core tier 1 ratio of 17.9% which is significantly above the required level. AIB has carried out extensive forward-looking stress tests on its capital adequacy position, including two EBA stress tests carried out in the second half of 2011, the latter of which had a threshold of 9% core tier 1 ratio and included an additional stress on sovereign exposures. The published results of both EBA stress tests confirmed that AIB did not require additional capital. However, given the levels of uncertainty in the current economic climate, there is the possibility that further losses over and above what is currently forecast could materialise. Were such losses to be significantly greater than currently forecast, the Group’s capital posi- tion could be eroded to the extent that it has insufficient capital to meet the regulatory requirements. The Group’s business activities must comply with increasing levels of regulation introduced as a result of failings in financial markets In 2011 there was an unprecedented level of new regulations issued by both by the Central Bank of Ireland and the EU, through a number of new or revised Codes and Directives: - The Corporate Governance Code for Credit Institutions and Insurance Undertakings was introduced on 1 January 2011 and it sets out the minimum requirements an institution must meet to promote strong and effective governance; - The Code of Conduct on Mortgage Arrears came into effect in June 2011, providing increased protection to the consumer particularly those in arrears situations; - The new Fitness and Probity standards and the revised Minimum Competency Code became effective from 1 December 2011. They both require specified minimum standards of competence for designated employees and require a person to whom they apply to undergo an annual Fit and Proper assessment; - The revised Code of Conduct for Business Lending to Small and Medium Enterprises offers added protection to those in financial difficulties. It came into effect on 1 January 2012 with consideration given until the 30 June 2012 for its full implementation; and - The revised Consumer Protection Code came into effect on the 1 January 2012 with consideration given until the 30 June 2012 for full compliance. A major change programme is underway across the Group to implement the new requirements spanning all business areas, processes and systems. Together with the high level of existing regulations, the challenge of managing regulatory compliance increased substantially in 2011. The changing regulatory standards have posed a concomitant demand on the Group in terms of the deployment of business and IT resources which is expected to continue in 2012. Delivering this level of change has placed and will continue to place added risk on the organisation, including the challenge to meet tight delivery timelines in the face of competing priorities and resource demands. The Group is subject to financial services laws, regulations and policies in each location in which it operates. Changes in supervision and regulation, in particular in or applying to Ireland has and will continue to have a material impact on the Group’s business, products and services offered and the value of its assets. Future changes in government policy, central bank monetary authority policy, EU/Eurozone policies, legislation or regulation or their interpretation relevant to the financial services industry in the markets in which the Group operates may adversely affect its 65  Risk management - 1. Risk factors product range, distribution channels, funding sources, capital requirements and consequently, reported results and financing requirements. Any changes in the regulation of selling practices and solvency, funding and capital requirements could have a significant adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations, financial condition and future prospects. Furthermore, new regulatory obligations regarding functional and operational arrangements within the Group may also have an adverse impact on the Group’s results, financial conditions and prospects. The Group’s participation in the NAMA Programme gives rise to certain residual risks In 2011 € 1.8 billion in loans and receivables were transferred to NAMA. This is in addition to the € 18.2 billion transferred in 2010. The residual risks relating to this transaction include: - Section 93 of the NAMA Act allows NAMA to require Participating Institutions to repay overpayments on NAMA assets. Any such claw-backs and repayments could have an adverse effect on the Group; Section 135 of the NAMA Act and Clause 9.2 of the Acquisition Terms and Conditions directs the Group to provide to NAMA a series of indemnities relating to the transferred assets. Any indemnity payment could have an adverse effect on the Group; Section 225 of the NAMA Act provides, that on the dissolution or restructuring of NAMA, that the Minister may require that a report and accounts be prepared of NAMA’s accounts. In the event that NAMA shows that an aggregate loss has been incurred during the period since its establishment, the Minister may impose a surcharge on AIB, as a participating institution (by way of enactment of additional legislation). The surcharge shall be apportioned to each participating institution on the basis of the book value of the bank assets acquired from each participating institution and shall not exceed the amount of the underlying loss, if any, incurred by NAMA. Any surcharge due to be paid by a participating institution in accordance with the Act may not exceed 100% of the corporation tax, if any, due and payable by that participating institution for the accounting period(s). No surcharge will become payable until either (a) 10 years after the passing of the Act or (b) NAMA is dissolved or restructured, or there is a material alteration of NAMA’s functions, whichever last occurs; and Potential credit exposure to NAMA arising from the senior and subordinated NAMA bonds acquired by the Group in consideration for the transfer of assets to NAMA. - - - Any of these events may serve to limit the Group’s operations and could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results, financial condition and future prospects. The Group may be adversely affected by further austerity and budget measures introduced by the Irish Government The current and future budgetary and taxation policy of Ireland and other measures adopted by Ireland to meet its obligations to the EU, the ECB or the IMF may have an adverse impact on borrowers’ ability to repay their loans and, as a result, the Group’s business. The value of certain financial instruments (including the contingent capital instrument and NAMA senior bonds) recorded at fair value is determined using financial models incorporating assumptions, judgements and estimates that may change over time or may ultimately not turn out to be accurate and the value realised by the Group for these assets may be materially different from the current or estimated fair value Under IFRS, the Group recognises at fair value: (i) derivative financial instruments; (ii) financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss; (iii) certain hedged financial assets and financial liabilities; and (iv) financial assets classified as available for sale. The best evidence of fair value is quoted prices in an active market. Generally, to establish the fair value of these instruments, the Group relies on quoted market prices or, where the market for a financial instrument is not sufficiently active, internal valuation models that use observable market data. Where quoted prices on active markets are not available, the Group uses valuation techniques which require it to make assumptions, judgements and estimates to establish fair value. In common with other financial institutions, these internal valuation models are complex, and the assumptions, judgements and estimates, the Group is required to make often relate to matters that are inherently uncertain, such as expected cash flows, the ability of borrowers to service debt, appropriate credit spreads, residential and commercial property price appreciation and depreciation, and relative levels of defaults. Such assumptions, judgements and estimates may need to be brought up to date to reflect changing facts, trends and market conditions. The resulting change in the fair values of the financial instruments has had, and could continue to have, an adverse effect 66 on the Group’s results and financial condition. The financial markets have experienced stressed conditions, where steep falls in perceived or actual asset values have been accompanied by a severe reduction in market liquidity. These stress conditions resulted in the Group recording significant fair value write-downs in the preceding four years. Valuations in future periods, reflecting then-prevailing market conditions, may result in significant changes in the fair values of the Group’s exposures, even in respect of exposures such as credit market exposures, for which it has previously recorded fair value write-downs. In addition, the value ultimately realised by the Group may be materially different from the current or estimated fair value. Any of these factors could require the Group to recognise further fair value write-downs or recognise impairment charges, any of which may adversely affect its results, financial condition and future prospects. The Group’s deferred tax assets depend substantially on the generation of future profits over an extended number of years. Adverse changes to tax legislation, regulatory requirements or accounting standards could impact capital ratios The Group’s business performance may not reach the level assumed in the projections supporting the carrying value of the deferred tax assets. Lower than anticipated profitability within Ireland and the UK would lengthen the anticipated period over which the Group’s Irish and UK tax losses would be used. The value of the deferred tax assets related to the unused tax losses constitutes substantially all of the total deferred tax assets recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position. A significant reduction in anticipated profit, or changes in tax legislation, regulatory requirements, accounting standards or relevant practices, could adversely affect the basis for full recognition of the value of these losses, which would adversely affect the Group’s results and financial condition, including capital and future prospects. New capital adequacy rules, consistent with Basel III principles, are proposed within the EU draft Capital Requirements Regulation (part of the Capital Requirements Directive IV package). Assuming implementation in substantially unchanged form, the new rules will, inter alia, require the Group to deduct from its Common Equity Capital, the value of most of the Group’s deferred tax assets, including all deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses.The deduction is likely to be phased in evenly over 5 years (20% per annum) starting at 1 January 2014. Risks related to our business operations, governance and internal control systems The Group is subject to inherent credit risks in respect of customers and counterparties which could adversely affect the Group’s results, financial condition and future prospects Risks arising from changes in credit quality and the recoverability of loans and other amounts due from customers and counterparties are inherent in a wide range of the Group’s businesses. In addition to the credit exposures arising from loans to individuals, SMEs and Corporates, the Group also has an exposure to credit risk arising from loans to financial institutions, its trading portfolio, available for sale and held to maturity financial investments, derivatives and from off-balance sheet guarantees and commitments. The Group has been exposed to increased counterparty risk as a result of the risk of financial institution failures during the global economic crisis. The Group is also exposed to credit risks relating to sovereign issuers. Concerns in respect of Ireland and other sovereign issuers, including other European Union Member States, have adversely affected and could continue to adversely affect the financial performance of the Group. The Group faces heightened operational and reputational risks The Group faces a heightened operational risk profile given the current economic environment and in the context of taking forward the significant organisational restructuring programme including the integration of EBS, Anglo Deposits and rollout of an organisational severance programme. One of its key operational risks is people risk. The Group’s efforts to restore and sustain the stability of its business on a long-term basis depend in part on the availability of skilled management and the continued service of key members of staff both at its head office and at each of its business units. There have been changes in the membership of the Board and Senior Executives in the Group including the appointment of a permanent CEO in December 2011. Failure by the Group to staff its day-to-day operations appropriately, or the further loss of one or more key Senior Executives, with a failure to replace them in a satisfactory and timely manner, could have an adverse effect on the Group’s results, financial condition and prospects. Under the terms of the recapitalisation of AIB by the Irish Government and the ELG Scheme, the Group is also required to comply with certain executive pay and compensation arrangements. As a result of these restrictions, the Group cannot guarantee that it will be able to attract, retain and remunerate highly skilled and qualified personnel competitively with its peers. If the Group fails to attract and appropriately develop, motivate and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel, its business and results of operations may be adversely affected. Implementation of the organisational restructuring programme poses a concomitant demand on the Group in terms of the 67 Risk management - 1. Risk factors deployment of business and IT resources which is expected to continue in 2012. Delivering this level of change has placed and will continue to place added risk on the organisation, including the challenge to meet tight delivery timelines in the face of competing priorities and resource demands. Negative public or industry opinion can result from the actual, or perceived, manner in which the Group conducts its business activities or from the restructuring of the Group. Negative public or industry opinion may adversely affect the Group’s ability to keep and attract customers and, in particular, corporate and retail depositors, the loss of which would, in each case, adversely affect the Group’s results, financial condition and prospects. Any weakness in the Group’s risk controls or loss mitigation actions in respect of operational and reputational risk could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results, financial condition and operations. The restructuring of the Group entails risks The Group’s strategy is to establish a new core bank with a restructured balance sheet. This will be achieved through the progressive disposal and winding down of non-core assets through its deleveraging plan with a target loan to deposit ratio of 122.5% by December 2013. In May 2011, the Group dismantled its former divisional structure which was replaced with a ‘one bank’ model comprising the following customer facing units: − Personal & Business Banking; − Corporate, Institutional and Commercial Banking; and − AIB (UK) – which continues to be managed as a separate unit. In addition, the Group also embarked on the integration of EBS Limited (formerly EBS Building Society) and the former Anglo Irish Bank retail deposit book. The Group’s business and organisational restructuring represents a significant change programme and brings with it a number of key execution risks, including impacting on: − labour relations as a consequence of the introduction and implementation of a severance programme; − employees as the organisation transitions to a significantly smaller and less diversified institution; and − the implementation of the cost reduction and business rationalisation programme currently being developed by the Group to re-align its cost base and become a more focused and streamlined organisation. This may result in the Group incurring significant additional costs (including incremental redundancy costs). Any such programme will take time to implement and may negatively impact on the profitability of the Group. Given the possibility of the imposition of conditions by the European Commission, in connection with the approval of the Group’s EU restructuring plan, there can be no assurance that the Group will be able to implement its cost reduction and business rationalisation programme, in the way currently envisaged, which could adversely affect the Group’s results, operations, financial condition and future prospects. The Group’s risk management strategies and techniques may be unsuccessful The Group is exposed to a number of material risks as categorised and outlined above. In order to minimise these risks, the Group has implemented comprehensive risk management strategies. Although the Group invests substantial time and effort in its risk management strategies and techniques, there is a risk that this may fail to fully mitigate the risks in some circumstances, particularly if confronted with risks that were not identified or anticipated. Some of the Group’s methods for managing risk are based upon observation of historical market behaviour. Where this is so, the Group applies statistical techniques to these observations to quantify its risk exposures. If circumstances arise that the Group did not identify or anticipate in developing its models, the losses could be greater than expected. Furthermore, the Group’s quantifications of risk do not take all risks into account. If the Group’s measures to assess and mitigate risk prove insufficient, the Group may experience material unexpected losses. There is always a risk of litigation arising from Group activities The Group has an inherent litigation risk as a result of routine business activities. The majority of cases encountered are relatively minor and are addressed in a ‘business as usual’ manner. However, occasionally more material issues can arise. Should such issues result in litigation, this may have an adverse impact on results and financial conditions, particularly if any cases involve customer detriment and subsequent redress. 68 Risk management - 2. Framework Introduction The Group remains adversely affected by the economic and financial crisis, at a global and European level and specifically in terms of how it has impacted on the Irish financial system in general and the Group in particular. In these circumstances, the Group’s risk profile remains at an elevated level.The key risk factors to which the Group is exposed are set out below.The governance and organisation framework through which the Group manages and seeks where possible to mitigate these risks is described thereafter. 2.1 Risk Management Framework The Group assumes a variety of risks in undertaking its business activities. Risk is defined as any event that could damage the core earnings capacity of the Group, increase earnings or cash-flow volatility, reduce capital, threaten business reputation or viability, and/or breach regulatory or legal obligations. AIB has adopted an Enterprise Risk Management approach to identifying, assessing and managing risks, the core aspects of which are described below. 2.2 Risk Appetite The Group’s risk appetite is defined as the maximum amount of risk that the Group is prepared to accept in order to deliver on its strategic and business objectives. In July 2011, the Board updated the Risk Appetite Statement (“RAS”) which set out key limits across the Group’s material risks and undertook a comprehensive review and update more recently in March 2012 with the inclusion of qualitative as well as quantitative risk appetite statements which outline the risk limits associated with the strategy of the Group. The latest RAS is fully aligned with the integrated Financial Plan (the ‘Plan’) for the period 2012-14. The number of limits being monitored has been significantly expanded, commensurate with the key measures of viability contained within the Plan and consistent with the financial constraints, requirements and targets imposed by key external stakeholders. The Group’s risk profile is measured against its risk appetite on a monthly basis and reported to the Executive Risk Committee and Board Risk Committee. Material breaches of risk appetite, if they occur, are escalated by the Board to the Central Bank. 2.3 Risk governance and risk management organisation The Board has ultimate responsibility for the governance of all risk taking activity in the Group. Senior Managers are accountable for risk taking within the Board approved risk appetite. The Group has adopted a ‘three lines of defence’ framework in the delineation of accountabilities for risk governance. Under the three lines of defence model, primary responsibility for risk management lies with line management. The Risk Management Function provides the second line of defence, providing independent oversight and challenge to business line managers. The third line of defence is the Group Internal Audit function which provides independent assurance to the Audit Committee of the Board on the effectiveness of the system of internal control. 69 Risk management - 2. Framework Risk Governance - Committees While the Board has ultimate responsibility for all risk-taking activity within AIB, it has delegated a number of risk governance responsibilities to various committees or key officers. The diagram below summarises the current risk committee structure of the Group. Board of Directors Board Board Risk Committee Audit Committee Remuneration Committee Nominations Committee Executive Committee Executive Executive Risk Committee Deleveraging Committee MARS Steering Committee Group Credit Committee Credit Risk Measurement Committee Stress Testing Steering Committee Asset & Liability Management Committee The role of the Board, the Audit Committee, and the Board Risk Committee (“BRC”) is set out in the section on Corporate Governance. The Executive Committee (“ExCo”) comprises the senior executive managers of the Group and manages the strategic business risks of the Group. It establishes the business strategy and risk appetite within which the risk management function operates. The Executive Risk Committee (“ERC”) is the principal executive forum for the review and challenge of enterprise-wide risk management and control. Membership of the ERC is the same as ExCo and the principal duties of the ERC are to: - Continuously review the effectiveness of the Group’s risk frameworks and policies; - Monitor and review the Group’s risk profile, risk trends, risk concentrations and policy exceptions; and - Review all breaches of Board or ExCo approved risk appetite and limits. The ERC acts as the ultimate parent body of a number of other risk and control committees, namely the Group Credit Committee, the Credit Risk Measurement Committee, the Stress Testing Steering Committee and the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCo”). The Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy (“MARS”) Steering Committee is responsible for overseeing and challenging progress in relation to the implementation of AIB’s Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy and for co-ordinating the mortgage arrears resolution activities across the Group. This committee evaluates proposals associated with plan implementation before forwarding them, when and as appropriate to the ExCo and the Board for approval. The Committee is chaired by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and Chief Credit Officer (“CCO”) are members of the committee. The Deleveraging Committee is responsible for the delivery of the Group Deleveraging Plan and the management of all deleveraging transactions involving the Non-Core assets of the Group. Its objective is to oversee the deleveraging of the loan book in a prudent and efficient manner. 70 Risk management - 2. Framework Risk Governance - Committees (continued) Individuals and Functions The role of certain key officers within the Group’s risk management framework is described below. Chief Risk Officer The Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) has independent oversight of the Group’s enterprise-wide risk management activities across all risk types. During 2011, the role of the CRO was filled in an acting capacity pending the appointment of a CRO on a full time basis which is well advanced.The CRO is a member of ExCo and reports independently to the CEO and the Chairman of the Board Risk Committee.The CRO’s responsibilities include: - Providing second line assurance to Senior Management and the Board across all risk types; - Developing and maintaining the Enterprise Risk Management framework; - Providing independent reporting to the Board on all risk issues, including the risk appetite and risk profile of the Group; and - Providing independent assurance to the CEO and Board that material risks are identified across all risk types and managed by line management and that the Group is in compliance with enterprise risk policies, processes and limits. Group Internal Auditor Group Internal Audit (“GIA”) is an independent evaluation and appraisal function reporting to the Board through the Audit Committee. The role of the Head of GIA has been filled in an acting capacity since July 2011 pending the appointment of a Head of GIA on a full time basis. A permanent appointee is expected to commence in May 2012. GIA acts as the third line of defence in the Group’s risk governance organisation and provides assurance to the Audit Committee on the adequacy, effectiveness and sustainability of the governance, risk management and control framework throughout the Group, including the activities carried out by other control functions. The results of GIA audits are reported quarterly to the Audit Committee, which monitors both resolution of audit issues and progress in the delivery of the audit plan. 2.4 Risk identification and assessment process Risk is identified and assessed throughout the Group through a combination of top-down and bottom-up risk assessment processes. Top-down risk assessment processes seek to identify the material risks facing the Group, both in the context of the Group’s agreed risk appetite and in the identification of new and emerging threats.Top-down risk assessments are carried out on at least a six monthly basis and are reviewed by the ERC and the Board Risk Committee. These assessments form critical inputs into the Group’s Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (“ICAAP”). Bottom-up risk assessment processes are more granular, focusing on risk events that have been identified through specific qualitative or quantitative measurement tools. More information on the key bottom-up risk assessment techniques across material risk types can be found in the individual risk sections below. 2.5 Stress and scenario testing The Group’s risk identification and assessment framework described above is supported by a framework of stress testing, scenario and sensitivity analysis and reverse stress testing that seeks to ensure that risk assessment is dynamic and forward looking and considers not only existing risks but also potential and emerging threats.The Group undertakes a regular programme of stress testing across all its material risks to meet internal and regulatory requirements. In addition, ad-hoc stress tests are undertaken as required to inform strategic decision making. 2.6 Future developments The Group recognises the need to make further enhancements to its risk management arrangements given the heightened external risk environment, the increasing scope and intensity of the regulatory environment and the further operational transformation upon which the Group has embarked in 2012.These further enhancements include : - Embedding of the revised risk appetite and the reporting of risk profile against risk appetite throughout the organisation; - - Establishment of a Compliance Committee and an Operational Risk Committee reporting to the ERC to oversee the ongoing management of compliance with regulations and implementation of new regulations, and operational risk trends and controls across the organisation respectively; Implementing and embedding a revised risk management framework and policy architecture; - Ongoing review of the nature and scale of the Group’s risk governance arrangements as the Group pursues its deleveraging and strategic transformation agendas; and - Ongoing improvements in the risk management and internal control environment in line with internal and external stakeholder requirements. 71 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types This section provides details of the Group’s exposure to, and risk management of, the following individual risk types which have been identified through the Group’s risk assessment process: 3.1 Credit risk; 3.2 Liquidity risk;* 3.3 Market risk;* 3.4 Non-trading interest rate risk;* 3.5 Structural foreign exchange risk;* 3.6 Operational risk; 3.7 Regulatory compliance risk; 3.8 Pension risk; 3.9 Discontinued operations - credit risk; and 3.10 Parent company risk information 3.1 Credit risk Credit risk is the risk that the Group will incur losses as a result of a customer or counterparty being unable or unwilling to meet a commitment that it has entered into. Credit exposure arises in relation to lending activities to customers and banks, including ‘off-balance sheet’ guarantees and commitments, the trading portfolio, financial investments available for sale, and derivatives. Concentrations in particular portfolio sectors, such as property can impact the overall level of credit risk. The credit risk disclosures in this section are aligned, where appropriate, with the Central Bank of Ireland (“CBI”) guidelines issued in December 2011. Credit exposure The following table sets out the maximum exposure to credit risk that arises within the Group and distinguishes between those assets that are carried in the statement of financial position at amortised cost and those carried at fair value. Maximum exposure to credit risk* Balances at central banks(1) Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale(2) Trading portfolio financial assets(5) Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale(6) Included elsewhere: Sale of securities awaiting settlement Trade receivables Accrued interest Financial guarantees Loan commitments and other credit related commitments Amortised cost(7) € m 2,344 202 - 1,191(3) - - 5,718 82,540 19,856 - 2 150 582 Fair value(8) € m - - - - 54 3,046 - - - 15,145 - - - 2011 Total € m 2,344 202 - 1,191 54 3,046 5,718 82,540 19,856 15,145 2 150 582 Amortised cost(7) € m 3,080 273 1,922 13,894(4) - - 2,943 86,350 7,869 - 2 80 495 Fair value(8) € m - - 15 - 31 3,315 - - - 20,511 - - - 2010 Total € m 3,080 273 1,937 13,894 31 3,315 2,943 86,350 7,869 20,511 2 80 495 112,585 2,009 18,245 - 130,830 2,009 116,908 4,092 23,872 - 140,780 4,092 9,862 11,871 - - 9,862 11,871 14,444 18,536 - - 14,444 18,536 Total 124,456 18,245 142,701 135,444 23,872 159,316 (1)Included within cash and balances at central banks of € 2,934 million (2010: € 3,686 million). (2)Certain non-financial assets within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale of € 231 million (2010: € 17 million) are not included above (note 26). (3)Comprises loans and receivables to banks and customers measured at amortised cost. (4)Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale are accounted for at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. (5)Excluding equity shares of € 2 million (2010: € 2 million). (6)Excluding equity shares of € 244 million (2010: € 314 million). (7)All amortised cost items are ‘loans and receivables’ per IAS 39 definitions. (8)All items measured at fair value except financial investments available for sale and cash flow hedging derivatives are classified as ‘fair value through profit or loss’. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 72 3.1 Credit risk - credit exposure Collateral* The perceived strength of a borrower’s repayment capacity is the primary factor in granting a loan, however, AIB uses various approaches to help mitigate risks relating to individual credits including transaction structure, collateral and guarantees. Collateral or guarantees are required as a secondary source of repayment in the event of the borrower’s default. The main types of collateral for loans and receivables to customers are as follows: - Home mortgages: The Group takes collateral in support of lending transactions for the purchase of residential property. - Corporate/commercial lending: For property related lending, it is normal practice to take a charge over the property being financed. This includes both investment and development properties. - Non-property related lending: For non-property related lending collateral typically includes a charge over business assets such as stock and debtors but also include property in the larger cases. In some circumstances, personal guarantees supported by a lien over personal assets are also taken as security. Very occasionally, credit derivatives are purchased to hedge credit risk. Current levels are minimal and their use is subject to the normal credit approval process. The Group enters into master netting agreements for derivatives with certain counterparties, to ensure that in the event of default, all amounts outstanding with those counterparties will be settled on a net basis. Set out below is the fair value of collateral at 31 December 2011 for financial assets detailed in the maximum exposure to credit risk table on the previous page. Derivatives* Derivative financial instruments are shown on the statement of financial position at their fair value. Those with a positive fair value are reported as assets which at 31 December 2011 amounted to € 3,046 million (2010: € 3,315 million) and those with a negative fair value are reported as liabilities which at 31 December 2011 amounted to € 3,843 million (2010: € 3,020 million). The Group has a number of ISDA Master Agreements (netting agreements) in place which may allow it to net the termination values of derivative contracts upon the occurrence of an event of default with respect to its counterparties. The enforcement of netting agreements would potentially reduce the statement of financial position carrying amount of derivative assets and liabilities by € 1,369 million (2010: € 1,687 million). The Group has Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”) in place which provide collateral for derivative contracts. At 31 December 2011, € 1,904 million (2010: € 932 million) of CSAs are included within financial assets and € 612 million (2010: € 542 million) of CSAs are included within financial liabilities. Additionally, the Group has agreements in place which may allow it to net the termination values of cross currency swaps upon the occurrence of an event of default. Loans and receivables to banks* Interbank placings, including central banks, is largely carried out on an unsecured basis apart from reverse repurchase agreements. At 31 December 2011, the Group has received collateral with a fair value of € 55 million on a loan with a carrying value of € 59 million (2010: Nil). *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 73 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - credit exposure (continued) Collateral* (continued) Loans and receivable to customers* The following tables show the fair value of collateral held for residential mortgages: Fully collateralised(1) Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 90% 91% - 100% Partially collateralised Collateral value relating to loans over 100% loan to value Total collateral value Neither past due nor impaired € m Past due but not impaired € m Impaired € m 300 393 262 331 426 2011 Total € m 5,415 5,316 3,053 3,323 3,671 1,712 20,778 196 231 136 154 180 897 1,012 1,909 3,199 4,911 18,248 39,026 4,919 4,692 2,655 2,838 3,065 18,169 14,037 32,206 Gross residential mortgages 36,466(2) 2,269 6,243(3) 44,978(4) Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Net residential mortgages Fully collateralised(1) Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 90% 91% - 100% Partially collateralised Collateral value relating to loans over 100% loan to value Total collateral value Neither past due nor impaired € m Past due but not impaired € m 4,541 4,225 2,282 2,940 3,879 17,867 8,709 26,576 133 167 97 130 124 651 515 1,166 Gross residential mortgages 28,272 1,304 Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions (1,741) (1,741) (895) 4,502 42,342 Impaired € m 98 91 85 92 104 470 495 965 1,125 (234) 2010 Total € m 4,772 4,483 2,464 3,162 4,107 18,988 9,719 28,707 30,701(4) (234) (411) Net residential mortgages 891 30,056 (1)The fair value of collateral held for mortgages with loan-to-value ratios of under 100% has been capped at the amount of the loans outstanding at each year end. (2)Excludes deferred costs of € 70 million and purchased residential mortgage pools of € 78 million. (3)Excludes purchased residential mortgage pools of € 100 million. (4)Excludes deferred costs of € 70 million (2010: Nil) and purchased residential mortgage pools of € 178 million (2010: € 196 million). *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 74 3.1 Credit risk - credit exposure (continued) Collateral* (continued) Loans and receivable to customers (continued)* While AIB Group considers a borrower’s repayment capacity is paramount in granting any loan, the Group also takes collateral in support of lending transactions for the purchase of residential property. There are clear policies in place which set out the type of property which is acceptable as collateral and the loan to property value relationship. Collateral valuations are required at the time of origination of each residential mortgage. The fair value at 31 December 2011 is based on the property values at origination and applying the CSO (Ireland) and Nationwide (UK) indices to these values to take account of price movements in the interim. Please also refer to additional information in relation to loan-to-value (“LTV”) and Days Past Due profiles for residential mortgages in 3.1 Credit Risk – Credit profile of residential mortgages. Non-mortgage portfolios For non mortgage lending, the Group views the perceived strength of a borrower’s capacity to repay as the primary factor in granting a loan. Collateral will also be taken where available and in non mortgage lending will typically include a charge over the business assets such as stock and debtors. In some cases, a charge over property collateral or a personal guarantee supported by a lien over personal assets may also be taken. The value of collateral is assessed at origination of the loan or in the case of criticised loans, when testing for impairment. However, as the Group does not capture the collateral value on its loan systems, it is not possible to quantify the fair value of non impaired loans on an on-going basis at portfolio level. It should be noted that when testing a loan for impairment, the present value of future cashflows, including the value of collateral held, and the likely time taken to realise any security is estimated. A provision is raised for the difference between this present value and the carrying value of the loan. Therefore, for non mortgage impaired loans, the net exposure after provision would be indicative of the fair value. NAMA senior bonds* AIB holds a guarantee from the Irish Government in respect of NAMA senior bonds which at 31 December 2011 have a carrying value of € 19,856 million (2010: € 7,869 million). Financial investments available for sale* At 31 December 2011, government guaranteed senior bank debt amounting to € 0.9 billion (2010: € 1.1 billion) was held within the available for sale portfolio. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 75 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk Credit risk management Credit risk on lending activities to customers and banks* AIB Group lends to personal, retail customers, commercial entities and banks. Credit risk arises on the drawn amount of loans and advances, but also as a result of loan commitments, such as undrawn loans and overdrafts, and other credit related commitments such as guarantees, performance bonds and letters of credit. These credit related commitments are subject to the same credit assessment and management as loans and advances. Credit risk also arises in the Group’s available for sale portfolio where counterparties are banks, sovereigns or structured debt, e.g. residential mortgage backed securities. These credit risks are identified and managed in line with the credit management framework of the Group. Credit risk on derivatives* The credit risk on derivative contracts is the risk that the Group’s counterparty in the contract defaults prior to maturity at a time when AIB has a claim on the counterparty under the contract. AIB would then have to replace the contract at the current market rate, which may result in a loss. Derivatives are used by AIB to meet customer needs, to reduce interest rate risk, currency risk and in some cases, credit risk, and also for proprietary trading purposes. Risks associated with derivatives are managed from a credit, market and operational perspective. The credit exposure is treated in the same way as other types of credit exposure and is included in customer limits. The total credit exposure consists partly of the current replacement cost and partly of the potential future exposure. The potential future exposure is an estimation, which reflects possible changes in market values during the remaining life of the individual contract. The Group uses a simulation tool to estimate possible changes in future market values and computes the credit exposure to a high level of statistical significance. Country risk* Credit risk is also influenced by country risk, where country risk is defined as the risk that circumstances arise in which customers and other counterparties within a given country may be unable to fulfil or are precluded from fulfilling their obligations to the Group due to economic or political circumstances. Country risk is managed by setting appropriate maximum risk limits to reflect each country’s overall creditworthiness. These limits are informed by independent credit information from international sources and supported by periodic visits to relevant countries. Risks and limits are monitored on an ongoing basis. Settlement risk* Settlement risk arises in any situation where a payment in cash, securities or equities is made in the expectation of a corresponding receipt in cash, securities or equities. The settlement risk on many transactions, particularly those involving securities and equities, is substantially mitigated when effected via assured payment systems, or on a delivery-versus-payment basis. Each counterparty is assessed in the credit process and clearing agents, correspondent banks and custodians are selected with a view to minimising settlement risk. The most significant portion of the Group’s settlement risk exposure arises from foreign exchange transactions. Daily settlement limits are established for each counterparty to cover the aggregate of all settlement risk arising from foreign exchange transactions on a single day. Credit concentration risk* Credit concentration risk arises where any single exposure or group of exposures, based on common risk characteristics, has the potential to produce losses large enough relative to the Group’s capital, total assets, earnings or overall risk level to threaten its health or ability to maintain its core operations. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 76 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) As part of an ongoing credit management transformation programme, which was introduced in 2010 and continued in 2011, a number of structural and operational improvements have been made to credit practices and the consistency of their application in credit risk governance, processes and policy throughout the Group. Risk identification and assessment * All customer requests for credit are subject to a credit assessment process. Depending on the size and nature of the credit, the assessment process is assisted by standard application formats in order to assist the credit decision maker in making an informed credit decision. The credit approval authority is dependent on the size of the credit application and the grade of the borrower. Delegated authority is a key credit risk management tool. The Board determines the credit authority (i.e. limit) for the Group Credit Committee (“GCC”) together with the authorities of the Chairman/Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Risk Officer and the Chief Credit Officer. The GCC approves the Market Segment delegated credit authorities and also considers and where appropriate, approves credit exposures which are in excess of these credit authorities. Delegated authorities below Market Segment levels are clearly defined and are explicitly linked to levels of seniority and experience within the Group. Another key tool used to assess credit risk is credit grading or credit scoring for each borrower or transaction both prior to approval of the credit exposure and subsequently. The methodology used produces a quantitative estimate of probability of default (“PD”) for the borrower, typically referred to as a ‘grade’. This assessment is carried out at the individual borrower or transaction level. In the retail consumer and small and medium sized enterprise book, which is characterised by a large number of customers with small individual exposures, risk assessment is largely informed through statistically-based scoring techniques. Mortgages are assessed centrally with particular reference to affordability and assisted by scoring models. Both application scoring for new customers and behavioural scoring for existing customers are used to assess and measure risk as well as to facilitate the management of these portfolios. In the commercial, corporate and interbank books, the grading systems utilise a combination of objective information, essentially financial data (e.g. borrowings; EBITDA; interest cover; balance sheet gearing) and qualitative assessments of non-financial risk factors such as management quality and competitive position within its sector/industry. The combination of expert lender judgment and statistical methodologies varies according to the size and nature of the portfolio, together with the availability of relevant default experience applicable to the portfolio. Credit concentration risk is identified and assessed at single name counterparty level and at portfolio level. The Board-approved Group Large Exposures Policy (“GLEP”) sets the maximum limit by grade for exposures to individual counterparties or group of connected counterparties taking account of features such as security, default risk and term. Portfolio concentrations are identified and monitored by exposure and grade using internal sector codes. Such measures facilitate the measurement of concentrations by balance sheet size and risk profile relative to other portfolios within the Group and in turn facilitate appropriate management action and decision making. Risk management and mitigation* A framework of delegated authorities supports the Group’s management of credit risk. With the exception of some individual delegated credit authorities credit approval is exercised on a dual basis by a business person and a credit person jointly. Credit grading and scoring systems facilitate the early identification and management of any deterioration in loan quality. Changes in the objective information (i.e. financial and business variables as described under risk identification and assessment) are reflected in the credit grade of the borrower with the resultant grade influencing the management of individual loans. Special attention is paid to lower quality graded loans or ‘Criticised’ loans. In AIB, criticised loans includes ‘Watch’, ‘Vulnerable’ and ‘Impaired’ loans which are defined as follows: Watch: Vulnerable: Impaired: The credit is exhibiting weakness but with the expectation that existing debt can be fully repaid from normal cashflows. Credit where repayment is in jeopardy from normal cashflows and may be dependent on other sources. A loan is impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the assets ( a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact such that the present value of future cash flows is less than the current carrying value of the financial asset or group of assets and requires an impairment provision to be recognised in the income statement. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 77 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) The Group’s criticised advances are subject to more intense assessment and review, due to the increased risk associated with them. Given the continued deterioration in credit quality throughout 2011 in both the retail and commercial markets, both credit management and credit risk management have been a key area of focus. Resourcing, structures, policy and processes continue to be reviewed in order to ensure that the Group is best placed to manage asset quality in this severe downturn. The credit management process is underpinned by an independent system of credit review. Independent credit review teams assess the application of credit policies, processes and procedures across all areas of the Group. Credit policy and credit management standards are controlled and set centrally via the Credit Risk function. Material credit policies are approved by the Board. Levels of concentrations by geography, sector and product are set through the Risk Appetite Statement which is required to be approved by the Board on an annual basis. Forbearance strategies The Group considers each request from customers who are experiencing cash flow difficulties on a case by case basis against the individual borrowers’ current and likely future financial circumstances, their willingness to resolve these issues, as well as the legal and regulatory obligations. The Group is implementing the standards as set out by the Central Bank of Ireland in the Codes of Conduct in relation to customers in difficulty, ensuring these customers are dealt with in a professional and timely manner. The types of forbearance solutions employed for mortgage customers who are in difficulty and which provide short term relief include: interest only, part capital and interest, moratorium, capitalisation of arrears, term extension and deferred interest scheme. The Group has developed a Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy (“MARS”) for dealing with customers in difficulty or likely to be in difficulty. The strategy is built on three key factors: i) Segmentation – identifying customers in difficulty, ii) Sustainability – customer assessment and iii) Suitable Treatment – identifying solutions. The core objective is to ensure that arrears solutions are sustainable in the long term and they comply with the spirit and the letter of all regulatory requirements. Additional long term forbearance options will be phased in throughout 2012. Similarly some business customers have also requested forbearance and the Group considers these requests on a case by case basis with typical types of forbearance being to place the facility on an interest only or part capital/interest basis for a period of time, extension of the facility and in some cases to do a debt for equity swap. In the latter case, if the recapitalised borrower is viable the Group will classify the remaining debt as performing. As part of the forbearance process, if a loan is deemed to be impaired, it is downgraded to impaired status and impairment provisions are raised. Credit risk mitigants* In relation to individual exposures, while the perceived strength of a borrower’s repayment capacity is the primary factor in granting a loan, AIB uses various approaches to help mitigate risks relating to individual credits including: transaction structure, collateral and guarantees. Collateral or guarantees are required as a secondary source of repayment in the event of the borrower’s default. The main types of collateral for loans and receivables to customers are as follows: Home mortgages: The Group takes collateral in support of lending transactions for the purchase of residential property. There are clear policies in place which set out the type of property acceptable as collateral and the relationship of loan to property value. All properties are required to be fully insured and subject to a legal charge in favour of the Group. Corporate/commercial lending: For property related lending, it is normal practice to take a charge over the property being financed. This includes investment and development properties. As part of the assessment of collateral Market Segments utilise a Group Property Valuations standard. For non-property related lending, collateral typically includes a charge over business assets such as stock and debtors but typically include property in the larger cases. In some circumstances, personal guarantees supported by a lien over personal assets are also taken as security. Very occasionally, credit derivatives are purchased to hedge credit risk. Current levels are minimal and their use is subject to the normal credit approval process. The Group enters into master netting agreements for derivatives with certain counterparties, to ensure that in the event of default, all amounts outstanding with those counterparties will be settled on a net basis. In the case of large exposures, it is sometimes necessary to reduce initial deal size through appropriate sell-down and syndication strategies. There are established guidelines in place within the Group relating to the execution of such strategies. The Group also has in place an interbank exposure policy which establishes the maximum exposure for each counterparty bank depending on credit grade. Each bank is assessed for the appropriate exposure limit within the policy. Risk generating business units of each Market Segment are required to have an approved bank or country limit prior to granting any credit facility, or approving any obligation or commitment which has the potential to create interbank or country exposure. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 78 General - - - - - 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) Risk monitoring and reporting* Credit managers pro-actively manage the Group’s credit risk exposures at transaction and relationship level. Credit risk at a portfolio level is monitored and reported regularly to senior management and the Board. A detailed credit review, including information on provisions, is prepared quarterly. Single name counterparty concentrations are monitored at transaction level and managed within the Risk Appetite Statement. Large exposures and portfolio concentrations are reported regularly to senior management and the Board. Provisioning for impairment* The identification of loans for assessment as impaired is facilitated by the Group’s rating systems. As described under the Risk management and mitigation section, changes in the variables which drive the borrower’s credit grade may result in the borrower being downgraded. This in turn influences the management of individual loans with special attention being paid to lower quality or criticised loans, i.e. in the Watch, Vulnerable or Impaired categories. The grade of an exposure is one of the key factors used to determine if a case should be assessed for impairment. Loans are assessed for impairment, either individually or collectively, if they are past due typically for more than ninety days or the borrower exhibits, through lender assessment, an inability to meet his obligations to the Group based on objective evidence of loss events (i.e. impairment triggers). The types of loss events considered as triggers for an impairment assessment include: national or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on the assets in the portfolio, (e.g. an increase in the unemployment rate in the geographical area of the borrowers, a decrease in residential and/or commercial property prices in the relevant area, regulatory/government fiscal policy change or adverse changes in industry conditions that affect the borrowers in the group); significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor; and observable data indicating a measurable decrease in estimated cash flows. Mortgages - - 90+ days past due; and a request for a forbearance measure from the borrower. Corporate and SME - - a request for a forbearance measure from the borrower; significant financial difficulty of the borrower such as trading losses, loss of business or major customers or change in the borrowers’ competitive landscape; a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; and a breach of covenant, e.g. interest cover, LTV level, debt to equity ratio etc. Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) - - - - a request for a forbearance measure from the borrower; the lack of an active market for the assets concerned; a material decrease in the estimated future cash flows or timing of receipt of these; and a breach of covenant, e.g. interest cover, LTV level, debt to equity ratio. Where borrowers are deemed to be impaired, the Group raises specific impairment provisions in a timely and consistent way across the credit portfolios. The Group makes use of two types of impairment provision: a) Specific; and b) Incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) which represents a collective provision relating to the portfolio of performing loans. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 79 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) Specific impairment provisions Specific impairment provisions arise when the recovery of a specific loan or group of loans is in doubt based on specific impairment triggers as described above and assessment that all the expected future cash flows either from the loan itself or the associated collateral will not be sufficient to repay the loan. The amount of the specific impairment provision will reflect the financial position of the borrower and the net realisable value of any security held for the loan or group of loans. In practice, the specific impairment provision is the difference between the present value of expected future cash flows for the impaired loan(s) discounted at the original effective interest rate and the carrying value of the loan(s). When raising specific impairment provisions, AIB divides its impaired portfolio into two categories, namely individually significant and individually insignificant. Impairment of individually significant exposures Each Market Segment sets a threshold above which cases are assessed on an individual basis. The individually significant thresholds are as follows: - PBB and CICB > € 500,000 - AIB UK > Stg£ 150,000 - EBS > € 750,000 For those loans identified as being impaired and which require assessment on an individual basis, the impairment provision is calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at the exposure’s original effective interest rate and comparing the result (the estimated recoverable amount) to the carrying amount of the loan to determine the level of provision required. Specific impairments for larger loans (individually significant) are raised with reference to the individual characteristics of each credit including an assessment of the cash flows that may arise from foreclosure less costs to sell in respect of obtaining and selling any associated collateral. The time period likely to be required to realise the collateral and receive the cash flows is taken into account in estimating the future cash flows and discounting these back to present value. As property loans represent a significant concentration within the Group’s loans (25% at December 2011) property valuation guidelines have been issued by Credit Risk to aid lenders in valuing property assets in the current distressed and illiquid property markets, particularly in Ireland and the UK. For impaired property and construction exposures, cash flows will generally emanate from the development and/or disposal of the assets which comprise the collateral held by the Group. The Group’s preference is to work with the obligor to progress the realisation of the collateral although in some cases the Group will foreclose its security to protect its position. The methods used by the Group to assist in reaching appropriate valuations for collateral held include: (a) use of professional valuations; (b) use of internally developed residual value methodologies; (c) the application of local market knowledge in respect of the property and its location; and (d) use of internal guidelines for deriving the valuation of investment property. These are described below. - Use of professional valuations represent circumstances where external firms are requested to provide formal written valuations in respect of the property. Up to date external professional valuations are sought in circumstances where it is believed that sufficient transactional evidence is available to support an expert objective view. Historic valuations are also used as benchmarks to compare against current market conditions and assess peak to trough reductions. Available market indices for relevant assets, i.e. residential property, are also used in valuation assessments. - The residual value methodology assesses the value in the land or property asset after meeting the incremental costs to complete the development. This approach looks at the cost of developing the asset to determine the residual value for the Group, including covering the costs to complete and additional funding costs. The key factors considered include: (i) the development potential given the location of the asset; (ii) its current or likely near term planning status; (iii) levels of current and likely future demand; (iv) the relevant costs associated with the completion of the project; and (v) expected market prices of completed units. If, following internal considerations which may include consultations with valuers, it is concluded that the optimal value for the Group will be obtained through the development/completion of the project, a residual value methodology is used. When, in the opinion of AIB, the land is not likely to be developed or it is non-commercial to do so, agricultural/green field values may be applied. - Application of local market knowledge represent circumstances where the local bank management familiar with the property concerned, with local market conditions, and with knowledge of recently completed transactions provide indications of the likely realisable value and a potential timeline for realisation. - In valuing investment property, yields are applied to current rentals having considered current yields and estimated likely future yields for a more normal market environment for relevant asset classes. Applying one or a combination of the above methodologies has resulted in a wide range of discounts to original collateral valuations, influenced by the nature, status and year of purchase of the 80 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) asset. All relevant costs likely to be associated with the realisation of the collateral are taken into account in the cash flow forecasts. The spread of discounts is influenced by the type of collateral, e.g. land, developed land or investment property and also its location. The valuation arrived at is therefore a function of the nature of the asset, e.g. unserviced land in a rural area will most likely suffer a greater reduction in value if purchased at the height of a property boom than a fully let investment property with strong lessees. The discounts to original collateral value, having applied our valuation methodologies to reflect current market conditions, can be as high as 95% for land assets where values have been marked down to agricultural/green field site values. When assessing the level of provision required for property loans, apart from the value to be realised from the collateral, other cashflows, if available, for example recourse to other assets or sponsor support, are also considered. The other key driver is the time it takes to receive the funds from the realisation of collateral. While it depends on the type of collateral and the stage of its development, the period of time to realisation is typically two to seven years but sometimes this time period is exceeded. These estimates are frequently reassessed on a case by case basis. In accordance with IAS 39, AIB discounts these cash flows at the assets’ original effective interest rate to calculate their net present value and compares this with the carrying value of the asset, the difference being the level of provision required. In assessing the value of collateral for mortgage impaired loans in Ireland, the Group uses a peak to trough price decline of 55% as a base. In certain circumstances, realisation costs of 10% to 20% are deducted. For individually significant loans, other factors, such as recent transactional evidence or local knowledge, are considered which can result in higher discounts to collateral valuations. Each market segment has a dedicated approach to loan workout and to monitoring and proactively managing impaired loans. In the newly established PBB & CICB market segments, Enterprise Lending Services (“ELS”) teams focus on managing criticised loans. Ultimately, the loan workout manager will decide on the method(s) to be used based on his/her expert judgement. The loan workout manager then recommends the required impairment to the appropriate approval authority. The Group operates a tiered approval framework for impairments which are approved, depending on amount, by various delegated authorities up to Area Credit Committee level. These committees are chaired by the Head of Credit in the market segments where the valuation/impairment is reviewed and challenged for appropriateness and adequacy. Impairments in excess of segmental authorities are approved by the GCC. Market segment impairments are ultimately reviewed by the Special GCC as part of the quarterly provision process. These valuation assumptions and approaches are documented and the resulting impairments are reviewed and challenged as part of the approval process by market segment and Group senior management. Impairment of individually insignificant exposures The calculation of an impairment charge for credits below the ‘significant’ threshold is undertaken on a collective basis. Loans are grouped together in homogeneous pools sharing common characteristics, for example in PBB and CICB, exposures are split into the following pools: <€ 10,000, € 10,000 to € 30,000 and € 30,000 to € 500,000, home mortgages up to € 500,000, property and construction € 30,000 to € 500,000 and other commercial € 30,000 to € 500,000. Recovery rates are established for each pool by assessing the Group’s loss experience for these pools over the past four to five years and by examining the amount and timing of cash flows received (typically over four years) from the date the loan was identified as impaired. These recovery rates are updated at a minimum on a yearly basis. Impairment provisions are then raised on new impaired loans and updated on existing impaired loans, reflecting the Group’s updated recovery experience. The individually insignificant provision process in the UK is similar to that in PBB, with loans grouped into pooled ranges, < £ 10k, > £ 10k < £ 25k and > £ 25k < £ 150k for the following sectors Property and Construction, Personal and Other Commercial. In the EBS market segment, all loans less than € 750,000 are assessed on a pooled basis. The calculation has three key components reflecting the three stages in the movement of a loan to loss; probability of default (“PD”); probability of repossession given default (“PRGD”); and loss given repossession (“LGR”). Default is defined to be 3 (monthly) payments or more in arrears, i.e. a least 90 days past due. The movement from default to repossession is assessed based on observed portfolio cure rates. The rate varies according to the number of payments missed, i.e. the deeper in default a loan is, the more likely it is that loss will result. The calculation of incurred loss is driven largely by expectation of property values at disposal. For mortgages in Ireland, a peak to trough house price of 55% is used for individually insignificant impaired pools with a deduction of a further 10% to 20% for costs. While a uniform approach is adopted throughout the Group, depending upon the range/depth of customer and portfolio information available, the methodologies used in establishing the level of impairment may vary across the Market Segments, given that the nature of the asset pools differs across market segments. When a loan has been subjected to a specific provision and the prospects for recovery do not improve, a point will come when it may be concluded that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. When that point is reached, the amount of the loan and any related specific provision, which is considered to be beyond prospect of recovery is charged off. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 81 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit risk management (continued) Collective impairment for performing book Incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) IBNR provisions are maintained to cover loans which are impaired at the reporting date and, while not specifically identified, are known from experience to be present in any portfolio of loans but have not yet emerged. Evidence of impairment may arise where there is observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a group of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the group. Such evidence may include: National or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on the assets in the group (e.g. an increase in the unemployment rate in the geographical area of the borrowers, a decrease in residential and/or commercial property prices in the relevant area, regulatory/government fiscal policy change or adverse changes in industry conditions that affect the borrowers in the group). IBNR provisions can only be recognised for incurred losses i.e. losses that are present in the portfolio at the reporting date and are not permitted for losses that are expected to happen as a result of likely future events. IBNR provisions are determined by reference to loss experience in the portfolios and to the credit environment at the reporting date. IBNR provisions are maintained at levels that are deemed appropriate by management having considered: credit grading profiles and grading movements; arrears profiles; forbearance activity; historic loan loss rates; recent loss experience; changes in credit management procedures, processes and policies; local and international economic climates; and portfolio sector profiles/industry conditions. The approach used for the collective evaluation of impairment is to split the performing financial assets into homogeneous pools on the basis of similar risk characteristics. The historic ‘loss rate’ for the pool is reviewed and adjustments considered by management for any factors currently affecting the portfolio that may not have been a feature in the past or vice versa.Where it is deemed that the average historic loss rate does not accurately reflect incurred loss, reference may be made to the most recent specific provision ‘run rate’ for each pool. The use of such ‘adjustment factors’ is permitted by IAS 39. The resultant amount is then adjusted to reflect the emergence period, i.e. the time it takes following a loss event for an individual loan to be recognised as impaired requiring a specific provision. The emergence period is key to determining the level of collective provisions. Emergence periods for each market segment are determined by taking into account current credit management practices, historical evidence of assets moving from ‘good’ to ‘bad’ as a result of a ‘loss event’ and include case sampling. The range of emergence periods applied by AIB is three to twelve months with the majority of the portfolio having a six month emergence period applied. Higher risk sub-portfolios such as mortgage loans subject to forbearance and loans 90+ days past due but not impaired are also considered for the purposes of estimating appropriate IBNR provision levels. Cognisance is taken of the underlying risk, probability of default and loss given default in this estimation. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 82 3.1 Credit risk Credit profile of the loan portfolio AIB Group’s loan portfolio comprises loans (including overdrafts), installment credit and finance lease receivables. The overdraft provides demand credit facility combined with a current account. Borrowings occur when the customer's drawings take the current account into debit. The balance may therefore fluctuate with the requirements of the customer. Although overdrafts are contractually repayable on demand (unless a fixed term has been agreed), provided the account is deemed to be satisfactory, full repayment is not generally demanded without notice. The following analysis includes loans and receivables to customers including loans and receivables within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale but excludes loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA. The following table includes total Group loans and receivables to customers gross of impairment provisions for continuing business split on a core/non-core basis within the market segments. As outlined in the AIB June 2011 Half-yearly financial report, the Group has set up a non-core unit to oversee the disposal and run-off of selected assets. While this unit has been operational with its own management team since 1 July 2011, it is not possible to provide detailed Core/Non-Core comparatives on a sectoral basis for 2010 and consequently the following analysis will provide a core/non-core split for 2011 only. Included in Group loans and receivables are € 1.2 billion in loans held for sale of which € 54 million relates to a residential mortgage portfolio in AmCredit and a further € 1.1 billion in property and corporate loans. The EBS portfolio of € 16.3 billion, which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011, is also included in Group loans and receivables to customers. Loans and receivables to customers* Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total Core € m Non-Core € m 42,730 2,978 45,708 12,857 14,200 27,057 4,203 76,968 2,496 2,342 4,838 11,633 2,087 13,720 3,161 21,719 2011 Total € m 45,226 5,320 50,546 24,490 16,287 40,777 7,364 2010 Total € m 30,897 6,021 36,918 25,902 17,646 43,548 13,412 98,687(1) 93,878(1)(2) (1)Gross of unearned income/deferred costs of € 22 million in 2011 and in 2010 € 167 million in unearned income. (2)Excludes NAMA. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 83 2011 Total 2010 Total Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Asset quality* Satisfactory Criticised loans Watch(1) Vulnerable(2) Impaired(3) Total Criticised as % of total gross loans Impaired as % of total gross loans Core € m Non-Core € m 50,627 8,086 7,655 4,425 14,261 26,341 76,968 34 19 1,196 1,865 10,572 13,633 21,719 63 49 € m 58,713 8,851 6,290 24,833 39,974 98,687 41 25 % 59 9 7 25 41 Statement of financial position provisions Core € m 8,199 Non-Core € m 6,742 Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans and receivables Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans 11 44 57 - 31 57 64 - € m 66,532 7,645 7,560 12,141 27,346 93,878 2011 Total € m 14,941(4) 15 49 60 7.84 % 71 8 8 13 29 29 13 2010 Total € m 7,299 8 42 60 4.66 Group loans and receivables to customers amounted to € 98.7 billion at 31 December 2011 and excluding loans and receivables of € 16.3 billion in EBS, have decreased by € 11.5 billion since December 2010 largely as a result of deleveraging in line with our recapitalisation plan, loan repayments and weak customer demand. 41% or € 40 billion of total Group loans and advances to customers are criticised of which € 24.8 billion or 25% is impaired. Group loans and receivables to customers of € 98.7 billion are split into two portfolios, Core of € 77 billion and Non-Core of € 21.7 billion. Included within the Statement of financial position provisions are specific provisions of € 12.3 billion providing cover on impaired loans of 49% are held for the portfolio with total provisions to total loans of 15%. The income statement non-NAMA provision charge in 2011 was 7.84% of average advances, or € 7,774 million. Excluding the EBS charge for 6 months to 31 December 2011 of € 323 million, the AIB provision charge at € 7,451 million or 8.58% of average advances is up from € 4,518 million or 4.66% in 2010. The AIB provision charge for 2011 included € 3.6 billion or 48% relating to borrowers in the property and construction sector and a further € 1.3 billion or 18% for residential mortgages. The key portfolios and credit quality are profiled further on in this section. (1)Watch: credit exhibiting weakness but with the expectation that existing debt can be fully repaid from normal cashflow. (2)Vulnerable: credit where repayment is in jeopardy from normal cashflow and may be dependent on other sources. (3)Impaired: a loan is impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the assets (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact such that the present value of future cashflows is less than the current carrying value of the financial asset or group of assets i.e. requires a provision to be raised through the income statement. (4)Includes impairment provision of € 9 million (2010: € 12 million) in respect of loans and receivables held within ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 84 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Residential mortgages Residential mortgages amounted to € 45 billion at 31 December 2011. This compares to € 31 billion at 31 December 2010, with the increase resulting from the acquisition of EBS in 2011. The split of the residential mortgage book was owner-occupier € 35 billion and buy-to-let € 10 billion. The income statement impairment charge for 2011 was € 1.6 billion or 3.4% of average residential mortgages, comprising € 1.4 billion specific charge and € 0.2 billion IBNR charge. Statement of financial position provisions of € 2.6 billion were held at 31 December 2011, split € 1.7 billion specific and € 0.9 billion IBNR. Residential mortgages - Core Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(2) In arrears (>90 days past due)(2) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Residential mortgages - Non-Core Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(2) In arrears (>90 days past due)(2) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Residential mortgages - Total Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(2) In arrears (>90 days past due)(2) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover (1)Excludes deferred costs of € 70 million in EBS. (2)Includes all impaired loans whether past due or not. Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 34,863 4,094 3,572 3,325 732 474 578 112 22.0 7,797 2,399 2,202 2,010 746 337 631 119 37.1 Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 166 122 122 122 39 6 21 (1) 32.0 Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 35,029 4,216 3,694 3,447 771 480 599 111 22.4 9,949 3,229 3,009 2,796 970 415 751 110 34.7 2,152 830 807 786 224 78 120 (9) 28.5 2011 Total € m 44,978 7,445 6,703 6,243 1,741 895 1,350 221 27.9 2011 Total € m 42,660(1) 6,493 5,774 5,335 1,478 811 1,209 231 27.7 2011 Total € m 2,318(3) 952 929 908 263 84 141 (10) 29.0 2010 Total € m 30,701 1,888 1,473 1,125 234 411 157 342 20.8 (3)Excludes purchased residential mortgage loan pools (international) of € 178 million (2010: € 196 million) in CICB of which € 100 million (2010: € 27 million) is impaired and for which there is € 47 million (2010: € 14 million) in the Statement of financial position specific provisions. The income statement provisions on this portfolio for 2011 is € 35 million. 85 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio Other personal lending Included in the following table are loans/overdrafts and credit card loans to personal customers. Other personal lending Total Asset quality Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable Impaired Total Core € m Non-Core € m 2,192 164 171 451 2,978 853 271 335 883 2,342 Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans and receivables Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans Core € m 2,978 € m 3,045 435 506 1,334 5,320 Core € m 468 16 82 104 - Non-Core € m 2,342 2011 Total % 57 8 10 25 Non-Core € m 595 25 60 67 - 2011 Total € m 5,320 € m 3,916 634 632 839 6,021 2011 Total € m 1,063 20 68 80 8.45 Total 2010 Total € m 6,021 2010 % 65 11 10 14 2010 Total € m 619 10 61 74 5.27 The other personal portfolio amounted to € 5.3 billion at 31 December 2011 and includes € 1.2 billion in credit card loans with the remaining € 4.1 billion relating to loans/overdrafts. The portfolio has decreased by € 0.7 billion in the year reflecting repayments and a reduced demand for personal credit. € 2.3 billion (43%) of the portfolio was criticised at 31 December 2011 (up from 35% at 31 December 2010) of which € 1.3 billion impaired (2010: € 0.8 billion). The impact of continuing high unemployment and pressure on affordability are the key drivers of the increased level of criticised loans. Statement of financial position specific provisions of € 903 million provides cover on impaired loans of 68%. The ratio of total provisions to total loans is 20%. The income statement provision charge for this portfolio in 2011 (excluding a charge of € 9 million for NAMA assets) was € 478 million or 8.45% of average advances up from € 336 million or 5.27% at 31 December 2010. This book is split € 3.0 billion in Core and € 2.3 billion in Non-Core assets. 86 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Property This table provides details of loans and receivables to borrowers in the property and construction sector and includes € 0.7 billion in loans which are classified as held for sale). It is further split into the sub-sectors and into Core and Non-Core portfolios. The table below excludes loans and receivables to Housing Associations of € 518 million in the UK market segment at December 2011 (€ 529 million at December 2010), and an income statement charge of € 75 million relating to assets held for sale to NAMA. Property and construction Investment Commercial investment Residential investment Land and development Commercial development Residential development Contractors Total Core € m Non-Core € m 10,740 746 11,486 91 706 797 447 2,981 2,375 5,356 1,488 4,359 5,847 39 2011 Total € m 13,721 3,121 16,842 1,579 5,065 6,644 486 2010 Total € m 13,679 3,497 17,176 1,847 5,543 7,390 807 12,730 11,242 23,972 25,373 Asset quality (excluding housing associations) Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable Impaired Total Core € m Non-Core € m Total € m 2011 % 6,019 1,773 738 4,200 1,953 589 1,001 7,699 12,730 11,242 7,972 2,362 1,739 11,899 23,972 33 10 7 50 Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans and receivables Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans Core € m 2,446 Non-Core € m 5,106 19 44 58 - 45 60 66 - 2010 Total % 49 11 13 27 2010 Total € m 4,047 16 41 58 9.00 € m 12,362 2,789 3,215 7,007 25,373 2011 Total € m 7,552 32 54 63 14.12 At 31 December 2011, excluding exposure to housing associations in AIB UK of € 518 million (€ 529 million at December 2010), but including € 896 million in property sector loans in the EBS, the Group property and construction portfolio was € 24.0 billion. Total Criticised loans were € 16.0 billion (67%) of the portfolio of which € 11.9 billion (50%) were impaired loans. Statement of financial position specific provisions of € 6.5 billion providing cover of 54% are held for this portfolio with total provisions to total loans of 32%. Excluding the EBS income statement charge for this portfolio of € 18 million, the AIB provision charge in 2011 was € 3,554 million or 14.47% of average property loans up from € 2,402 million or 9.00% of average property loans in 2010. The higher level of criticised loan and provision cover in AIB compared with 2010 reflects the continued impact of further reductions in property prices, reduced rents for commercial properties and the continued lack of demand for housing and hence development land in Ireland in particular. 87 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Property (continued) At 31 December 2011, loans for the purpose of investment property in AIB (excluding EBS of € 0.9 billion) amounted to € 15.9 billion (€ 17.2 billion at 31 December 2010) of which € 12.8 billion related to commercial investment. € 8.2 billion of the AIB Investment Property Portfolio related to loans for the purchase of property in the Republic of Ireland, € 6.4 billion in the UK, € 0.4 billion in the US and € 0.9 billion in other geographical locations. All of the € 0.9 billion in the EBS relates to property in the Republic of Ireland. € 9.7 billion of total Group investment property loans were criticised at 31 December 2011 of which € 6.3 billion impaired. The Group had statement of financial position specific provisions of € 2.6 billion at 31 December 2011 for these impaired loans providing cover of 41% and total provisions to total loans of 21%. At 31 December 2011, Group land & development loans (i.e. loans of less than € 20 million) amounted to € 6.6 billion. The portfolio is split by location as follows: € 4.6 billion in ROI and € 1.9 billion in UK and € 0.1 billion in the US. Criticised loans amounted to € 6.1 billion of which € 5.4 billion impaired. The Group had statement of financial position specific provisions of € 3.7 billion providing cover of 69% on these impaired loans and total provisions to total loans of 58%. 88 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) SME/Commercial The following table includes loans and receivables to the SME/Commercial sector. It excludes loans to larger borrowers in these sectors which are included under ‘Corporate’ on the following page. SME/Commercial Hotels Licensed premises Retail/wholesale Other services Agriculture Other Total Asset quality Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable Impaired Total Core € m 2,264 1,010 2,733 4,258 1,753 2,182 14,200 € m 8,372 1,764 1,589 4,562 Non-Core € m 485 112 82 1,161 13 234 2,087 2011 % 51 11 10 28 Total Core € m Non-Core € m 7,444 1,682 1,186 3,888 928 82 403 674 14,200 2,087 16,287 Statement of financial position provisions Core € m 2,719 Non-Core € m 374 Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans and receivables Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans 19 60 70 - 18 47 55 - 2011 Total € m 2,749 1,122 2,815 5,419 1,766 2,416 2010 Total € m 2,827 1,181 3,150 6,886 1,838 1,764 16,287 17,646 2010 Total € m 10,444 2,405 2,121 2,676 17,646 2011 Total € m 3,093 19 58 68 9.57 % 59 14 12 15 2010 Total € m 1,700 10 50 64 5.44 The main sub-sectors included in the SME/Commercial category of € 16.3 billion were: hotels & licensed premises € 3.9 billion; retail/wholesale € 2.8 billion; other services € 5.4 billion and agriculture € 1.8 billion. 49% or € 7.9 billion of this portfolio were criticised at 31 December 2011 (up from 41% at December 2010) with € 4.6 billion (28%) in impaired loans. The increase in criticised loans reflects the impact that the on-going difficult economic conditions, particularly in Ireland, which has resulted in high levels of unemployment and lower levels of trading, is having on a sizeable number of our borrowers. Statement of financial position specific provisions of € 2.7 billion provide cover of 58% for the impaired loan in this portfolio with total provisions to total loans of 19%. The income statement provision charge for this portfolio in 2011 was € 1.6 billion or 9.57% of average loans up from € 985 million or 5.44% in 2010. 89 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Corporate The following table includes loans and receivables to larger corporate borrowers in the following sectors; agriculture, energy, manufacturing, distribution, transport, financial and other services and includes € 0.4 billion in loans which are classified as held for sale. Corporate loans Total Asset quality Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable Impaired Total Core € m 4,203 Non-Core € m 3,161 Core € m Non-Core € m Total € m 3,729 2,779 6,508 81 7 386 25 48 309 106 55 695 4,203 3,161 7,364 % 88 2 1 9 Statement of financial position provisions Core € m 275 Non-Core € m 261 Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans and receivables Specific provisions as a % impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % impaired loans Impairment charge as a % average loans 7 56 71 - 8 70 84 - 2011 Total € m 7,364 € m 12,679 176 90 467 13,412 2011 Total € m 536 7 62 77 5.26 2010 Total € m 13,412 2010 Total % 95 1 1 3 2010 Total € m 285 2 45 61 1.86 The corporate book which relates to large corporate borrowers in the CICB market segment amounted to € 7.4 billion spread on a geographic basis as follows: Ireland € 4.9 billion, UK € 1.9 billion, US € 0.4 billion, and other € 0.2 billion. Included in this portfolio is a leveraged finance book of € 1.3 billion, down from € 3.3 billion at 31 December 2010. € 0.9 billion of the corporate loan portfolio are criticised of which € 0.7 billion impaired. Statement of financial position specific provisions of € 433 million provided cover of 62% with total provisions to total loans of 7.0%. The income statement provision charge in 2011 for this portfolio was € 508 million or 5.26% of average loans, compared with € 282 million or 1.86% of average loans at 31 December 2010) influenced by some large credit defaults with higher level of losses. Further detail of the leveraged element of the book by geographic location and industry sector is available in 3.1 ‘Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk 5 year summaries’. 90 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Total portfolio criticised loans The Group’s total criticised loans and receivables for continuing operations were € 40.0 billion (41% of total gross loans of € 98.7 billion) at 31 December 2011. These included € 5.4 billion in criticised loans in the EBS which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011. The following tables show criticised loans for the total loan book split into Core and Non-Core. Criticised loans include watch, vulnerable and impaired loans (for definition see page 84). Criticised loans Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans Criticised loans Gross loans Criticised as % of total gross loans Impaired as % of total gross loans Core € m 7,655 4,425 14,261 26,341 76,968 34 19 Non-Core € m 1,196 1,865 10,572 13,633 21,719 63 49 2011 Total € m 8,851 6,290 24,833 39,974 98,687 41 25 2010 Total € m 7,645 7,560 12,141 27,346 93,878 29 13 The Group’s criticised loans and receivables to customers amounted to € 40.0 billion or 41% of total customer loans. Excluding the EBS criticised loans of € 5.4 billion, AIB’s criticised loans have increased by € 7.2 billion since 31 December 2010, mainly relating to residential mortgages up € 4.0 billion to € 8.3 billion and property and construction loans up € 2.2 billion to € 15.2 billion, largely in the PBB and CICB market segments. The main drivers of the increases in criticised loans has been the impact of the continuing lack of activity in the property and construction sector and consequent impact on the housing sector, together with increased unemployment and reduced earnings which negatively affected our borrowers ability to repay loans. There has also been an increase in criticised loans in AIB UK, up € 0.6 billion since December 2010 to € 6.8 billion or 45% of UK advances. While there has been a decrease in Watch & Vulnerable loans of € 0.4 billion each in the year, this was offset by the increase in impaired loans, mainly in the Property, Other Business and Leisure sectors. EBS had € 5.4 billion of criticised loans at 31 December 2011 having mapped their loan grades with AIB’s for reporting purposes. The underlying increase since acquisition by AIB in July 2011 is € 0.5 billion which was driven by pressure on consumer disposable income and unemployment. Impaired loans were € 3.5 billion at 31 December which represented 22% of customer loans. AmCredit criticised loans at € 12 million have reduced from € 30 million at December 2010. 91 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Impaired loans Impaired loans Impaired loans - Core Impaired loans - Non-Core Total Impaired loans(1) Impaired loans (Non NAMA) Impaired loans NAMA Total € m 14,261 10,572 24,833 € m 12,141 741 12,882 2011 % 19 49 25 2010 % 13 33 13 (1)Excludes EBS which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011. Group impaired loans as a percentage of gross customer loans increased to 25%. Excluding EBS where impaired loans at 31 December 2011 were € 3.5 billion, AIB impaired loans were up € 9.1 billion in the year to € 21.3 billion. Impaired loans in the residential mortgage portfolio increased by € 2.2 billion since 31 December 2010 due to pressure on disposable incomes and hence affordability, continuing high unemployment and further declines in house prices. There was also an increase in property and construction impaired loans of € 4.4 billion in the year influenced by further property price declines, pressure on rents and increased vacancy rates. Impaired loans in the SME sector increased by € 1.9 billion since 31 December 2010 impacted by a decline in consumer spending and evidence of contagion of property related problems into the SME sector. Within the above figures, AIB UK impaired loans increased by € 1.4 billion to € 3.3 billion mainly in the property and construction sector which increased by € 0.8 billion since 31 December 2010 with an increase of.€ 0.4 billion in the leisure and other services sectors. In the EBS, impaired loans increased by € 2.6 billion since 1 July 2011 to € 3.5 billion due mainly to (i) to the categorisation of the 90 days past due loans as impaired and also due to (ii) the underlying deterioration in the book. Impaired loans in AmCredit decreased by € 18 million in the year to 31 December 2011 due to the sale of portfolios during the year. 92 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) The level of specific provisions and associated provision cover for individually significant and individually insignificant impaired loans at 31 December 2011 and 2010 are outlined in the following table. Approximately 90% of loans and receivables to customers carry security - the main exceptions include: - - small personal facilities, including Credit Cards, where statistical scoring techniques are used in the approval process; and advances to large corporate customers where financial and business covenants protect the Group’s position. Impaired loans for which provisions are held are further split below:* Impaired loans Individually Collectively assessed assessed Total Loans and receivables € m € m € m € m Total impaired loans as a % of total loans € m 45,226 5,320 50,546 24,490 16,287 40,777 7,364 98,687 2,859 764 3,623 11,557 4,060 15,617 695 19,935 3,484 570 4,054 342 502 844 - 6,343 1,334 7,677 11,899 4,562 16,461 695 4,898 24,833 10,318 1,939 12,257 52 40 49 14 25 15 49 28 40 9 25 Impaired loans Individually assessed Collectively assessed Total Loans and receivables € m € m € m € m Total impaired loans as a % of total loans € m 30,897 6,021 36,918 25,902 17,646 43,548 13,412 93,878 691 444 1,135 6,823 2,246 9,069 467 461 395 856 184 430 614 - 1,152 839 1,991 7,007 2,676 9,683 467 10,671 1,470 12,141 4,221 933 5,154 4 14 5 27 15 22 3 13 2011 Impairment Provisions Provision as a % of impaired loans Total impairment provision € m 1,788 903 2,691 6,469 2,664 9,133 433 12,257 28 68 35 54 58 55 62 49 2010 Impairment Provisions Provision as a % of impaired loans Total impairment provision € m 248 514 762 2,853 1,328 4,181 211 5,154 22 61 38 41 50 43 45 42 Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total Impairment provision at 31 December 2011 % provisions cover Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total Impairment provision at 31 December 2011 % provisions cover 40 63 42 Table for 2010 excludes BZWBK and excludes NAMA. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 93 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables Mortgages € m 36,614 2,269 6,343 45,226 (2,683) 42,543 Total Other € m 32,442 2,529 18,490 53,461 (12,258) 41,203 Core € m 58,943 3,764 14,261 76,968 (8,199) 68,769 Total Non-Core € m 10,113 1,034 10,572 21,719 (6,742) 14,977 2011 Total € m 69,056 4,798 24,833 98,687 (14,941) 83,746 2010 Total € m 76,355 5,382 12,141 93,878 (7,299) 86,579 For reporting purposes Loans and Receivables to customers are categorised into neither past due nor impaired, past due but not impaired and impaired. Profiles of past due but not impaired loans are detailed on pages 110 and 157, and impaired loans are detailed on pages 92 and 155. Loans and receivables to customers which are neither past due nor impaired amounted to € 69.1 billion as at 31 December 2011 or 70% of total loans and receivables to customers (€ 76.4 billion or 81% as at 31 December, 2010). Loans that are neither past due nor impaired are further classified into ‘Strong, Satisfactory or Higher Risk’, and a description of each category is as follows: “Strong” typically includes strong corporate and commercial lending combined with elements of the retail portfolios and residential mortgages. “Satisfactory” typically includes new business written and existing satisfactorily performing exposures across all portfolios. The lower end of this category includes a portion of the Group’s criticised loans (i.e. loans requiring additional management attention over and above that normally required for the loan type) that are neither past due not impaired. “Higher Risk” contains the remainder of the Group’s criticised loans that are neither past due nor impaired, together with loans written at a high PD where there is a commensurate higher margin for the risk taken. Loans and receivables which are neither past due nor impaired Strong Satisfactory Higher risk Total 2011 Total € m 12,231 46,644 10,181 69,056 2010 Total € m 16,709 50,849 8,797 76,355 Further information on loans and receivables to customers which are neither past due nor impaired, by reporting masterscale, are detailed on page 131. Aged analysis of loans and receivables which are past due but not impaired 1 -30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days > 365 days Total Core € m 1,602 759 418 555 303 127 3,764 Non-Core € m 370 136 68 163 166 131 1,034 2011 Total € m 1,972 895 486 718 469 258 4,798 2010 Total € m 2,045 1,005 504 943 575 310 5,382 Total loans past due but not impaired as at 31 December 2011 were € 4.8 billion or 4.9% of total loans and receivables to customers, compared to € 5.4 billion and 5.7% at 31December 2010. Residential mortgage loans past due but not impaired at € 2.3 billion represent 47% of the total of past due but not impaired loans as at 31 December, 2011 (up from € 1.3 billion at 31 December 2010), largely driven by increased unemployment and reduced earnings which negatively affected our borrowers ability to repay loans. Property and Construction loans past due but not impaired represent a further 24% (€ 1.1 billion) with Other Personal at 10% (€ 0.5 billion). A detailed profile of loans that are past due but not impaired is provided on page 157. 94 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) Provisions Global and domestic economic markets continued to experience difficulties throughout 2011 which impacted negatively on the Group’s lending portfolio. The provision charge for loans and receivables was € 7,861 million or 7.84% of average customer loans (including € 87 million relating to loans held for sale to NAMA). Excluding the provision charge for EBS of € 323 million for the period 1 July to 31 December 2011, the AIB provision charge of € 7,538 million compares with € 6,015 million or 5.25% of customer loans in 2010. A writeback of provisions for liabilities and commitments of € 416 million was made in 2011. The provision for impairment of financial instruments available for sale of € 283 million included € 164 million for bonds held in other financial institutions and € 119 million for equity investments. Provisions - income statement Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Core € m Non-Core € m 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m to customers 4,536 3,325 7,861 6,015 5,237 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables to banks Total provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (Writeback)/charge of provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total - 4,536 (422) 275 4,389 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Non NAMA(2) Non NAMA residential mortgages Subtotal non NAMA NAMA Total - 3,325 6 8 3,339 € m 6,168 1,606 7,774 87 7,861 - 7,861 - 6,015 (416) 1,029 Total 283 7,728 2011 bps(1) 1,076 418 784 779 784 74 7,118 € m 4,005 513 4,518 1,497 6,015 5 5,242 1 24 5,267 2010 bps(1) 603 168 466 854 525 Total (1)The impairment charge is calculated on average advances and is expressed in basis points (“BPS”). (2)Non NAMA loans excluding residential mortgages. The Group charge of € 7,861 million comprises a specific provision of € 7,682 million (781bps annualised) and an IBNR charge of € 179 million (3bps). The main elements of the provision include: € 1.7 billion for Land & Development; € 2.0 billion re the Property Investment portfolio; € 1.6 billion re SME loans, € 1.6 billion in Mortgages, € 0.5 billion re Corporate and € 0.5 billion in the Other Personal sector. Excluding EBS where the provision charge for the six months to 31 December 2011 was € 323 million made up of € 472 million in Specific provisions and a write-back of IBNR provisions of € 149 million, and a provision charge of € 87 million for loans held for sale to NAMA, the AIB provision charge was € 7,451 million (8.58% of average customer loans) comprising € 7,123 million in specific provisions (8.20% of average customer loans) and € 328 million or 0.38% of average customer loans in IBNR provisions up from € 3,205 million specific provisions and € 1,313 million IBNR provisions in 2010. In the PBB market segment the non NAMA charge was € 1,426 million or 4.51% of average customer loans, of which € 936 million was in specific provisions and € 490 million in IBNR provisions. 49% or € 0.7 billion of the total provision charge related to residential mortgage borrowers representing 3.01% of average residential mortgages, with a further € 0.3 billion or 18% related to overdraft, loans and credit cards to personal borrowers and € 0.2 billion to borrowers in the property and construction sector who continue to be impacted by depressed construction/housing activity. A further € 250 million of the total provision charge related to the SME/commercial sector mostly in the distribution sector including the hotels (portfolio size - € 62 million), licensed premises (€ 223 million), retail/wholesale (€ 503 million) sub-sectors which continued to be heavily impacted by the economic environment and decline in consumer spending during 2011. The charge of € 490 million in IBNR income statement provisions in PBB had the impact of increasing the statement of financial position IBNR provisions to € 917 million at 31 December 2011 and includes € 250 million relating to non-impaired 95 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of the loan portfolio (continued) mortgages which are currently in forbearance. In considering the appropriate level of IBNR, the Group has taken into account the increased risk inherent in this portfolio of loans. The IBNR provision charge has been allocated to the following portfolios; € 311 million to residential mortgages (statement of financial position of € 527 million), which reflects recent provision experience, the level of arrears (including 90+ days past due but not impaired), the level of requests for forbearance and level of vulnerable loans (i.e. one grade above impaired). € 178 million has been allocated to non-mortgage portfolios (statement of financial position of € 390 million), mostly in the property and distribution sectors. The PBB provision charge for loans held for sale to NAMA was Nil in the year to December 2011. The non NAMA provision charge for loans and receivables in CICB was € 4,938 million or 12.44% of average customer loans. € 5,311 million were specific provisions and there was a write-back of € 373 million in IBNR provisions bringing the statement of financial position IBNR provisions to € 1,141 million. 54% or € 2.7 billion of the total charge related to loans in the property and construction sector which continues to be negatively impacted by a lack of house building activity. A further € 0.8 billion related to loans in the distribution sector which includes, hotels, licensed premises and retail/wholesale which remain impacted by the decline in consumer spending. € 715 million of the stock of IBNR has been allocated to the property and construction sector to take account of the impact of further pressure on asset prices, rental cash flows and concerns over the length of time it may take for a recovery in this sector. IBNR stock has also been allocated to cover managements estimate of incurred loss in the remaining book, comprising SME, Corporate and residential buy-to-let portfolios. The CICB provision charge for loans held for sale to NAMA was € 36 million for the year to December 2011. In the UK, the income statement provision charge for loans and receivables was € 1,087 million or 7.00% of average loans comprising € 875 million in specific provisions and € 212 million in IBNR. 59% or € 645 million of the provision charge related to borrowers in the property and construction sector. The statement of financial position IBNR provisions at 31 December 2011 is € 427 million and the Group took into consideration the level and repayment profile of the low start mortgage portfolio in FTB (Stg£ 476 million), the level of interest only facilities (Stg£ 0.8 billion) in part of the GB portfolio and the level of 90+ days past due but not impaired loans when determining the appropriate level of IBNR. The UK provision charge for loans held for sale to NAMA was € 51 million for the year to December 2011. The EBS income statement provision charge for loans and receivable was € 323 million or 3.95% of average loans (annualised) and included a specific provision charge of € 472 million and a write-back of IBNR provisions of € 149 million. 94% of the charge related to residential mortgages with the remainder for borrowers in the commercial investment sector. 96 3.1 Credit risk (continued) Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio The following tables set out at 31 December 2011 and 2010 gross loans and receivables to customers by segment. Core* Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total Non-Core* Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total Total* Retail Residential mortgages Other personal lending Total retail Commercial Property SME/commercial Total commercial Corporate Total PBB € m CICB € m AIB UK € m EBS € m 22,971 2,342 25,313 810 3,129 3,939 - 29,252 3,343 170 3,513 9,275 7,721 16,996 4,203 24,712 2,854 466 3,320 2,772 3,350 6,122 - 13,562 - 13,562 - - - - 2011 Total € m 42,730 2,978 45,708 12,857(1) 14,200 27,057 4,203 9,442 13,562 76,968 PBB € m CICB € m AIB UK € m EBS € m Group € m - 838 838 651 15 666 - 178 1,418 1,596 6,842 20 6,862 3,161 403 86 489 3,244 2,052 5,296 - 1,861 - 1,861 896 - 896 - 54 - 54 - - - - 2011 Total € m 2,496 2,342 4,838 11,633(1) 2,087 13,720 3,161 1,504 11,619 5,785 2,757 54 21,719 PBB € m CICB € m AIB UK € m EBS € m Group € m 22,971 3,180 26,151 1,461 3,144 4,605 - 30,756 3,521 1,588 5,109 16,117 7,741 23,858 7,364 36,331 3,257 552 3,809 6,016 5,402 11,418 - 15,423 - 15,423 896 - 896 - 54 - 54 - - - - 15,227 16,319 54 98,687 2011 Total € m 45,226 5,320 50,546 24,490(1) 16,287 40,777 7,364 2010 Total € m 30,897 6,021 36,918 25,902 17,646 43,548 13,412 93,878 (1)Includes loans and receivables to housing associations of € 518 million (Core € 127 million and Non-Core € 391 million) (31 December 2010: € 529 million) *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 97 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) The following tables set out at 31 December 2011 and 2010 the asset quality of gross loans and receivables to customers by segment. Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Core* PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 21,539 12,490 6,669 9,929 50,627 € m 2,972 2,144 1,423 1,116 7,655 € m 2,028 1,258 860 279 4,425 € m 2,713 8,820 490 2,238 14,261 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Non-Core* PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total € m 564 4,725 1,777 978 42 8,086 € m 181 467 184 364 - 1,196 € m 230 500 1,026 109 - 1,865 € m 529 5,927 2,798 1,306 12 10,572 13,633 Total criticised loans € m 7,713 12,222 2,773 3,633 26,341 Total criticised loans € m 940 6,894 4,008 1,779 12 Total loans € m 29,252 24,712 9,442 13,562 76,968 Total loans € m 1,504 11,619 5,785 2,757 54 21,719 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 26 50 29 27 34 9 36 5 17 19 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 63 59 69 65 22 63 35 51 48 47 22 49 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 22,103 17,215 8,446 10,907 42 58,713 € m 3,153 2,611 1,607 1,480 - 8,851 € m 2,258 1,758 1,886 388 - 6,290 € m 3,242 14,747 3,288 3,544 12 24,833 Total criticised loans € m 8,653 19,116 6,781 5,412 12 39,974 Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m 30,756 36,331 15,227 16,319 54 98,687 28 53 45 33 22 41 11 41 22 22 22 25 Asset quality - Total* PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total Satisfactory Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans Total criticised loans Total loans Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m € m € m € m 7,560 12,141 27,346 93,878 29 13 Asset quality - Total* Total € m 66,532 € m 7,645 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 98 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Provision cover for loans and receivables to customers Core Statement of financial position provisions PBB € m 2,239 CICB € m 5,055 AIB UK € m 444 Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Non-Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Total Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans (1)Excludes € 9 million in relation to AmCredit. PBB € m 2,761 9 57 85 4.51 8 54 83 PBB € m 522 35 74 99 CICB € m 9,246 25 55 63 12.44 21 47 58 5 49 91 CICB € m 4,191 AIB UK € m 1,532 36 66 71 AIB UK € m 1,976 13 47 60 7.0 27 47 55 EBS € m 949 6 21 27 3.95 EBS € m 461 3 18 21 EBS € m 488 18 27 37 2011 Total(1) € m 14,932 15 49 60 7.84 2011 Total € m 8,199 11 44 58 2011 Total € m 6,733(1) 32 57 64 2010 Total(1) € m 7,300 8 42 60 4.66 99 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Other personal lending Asset quality - Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 1,775 72 345 - 2,192 € m 115 13 36 - 164 € m 110 14 47 - 171 € m 342 71 38 - 451 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Non-Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 397 449 7 - 853 € m 103 162 6 - 271 € m 130 175 30 - 335 € m 208 632 43 - 883 Asset quality - Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 2,172 521 352 - 3,045 € m 218 175 42 - 435 € m 240 189 77 - 506 € m 550 703 81 - 1,334 Satisfactory Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Total Total € m 3,916 € m 634 € m 632 € m 839 Total criticised loans € m 567 98 121 - 786 Total criticised loans € m 441 969 79 - 1,489 Total criticised loans € m 1,008 1,067 200 - 2,275 Total criticised loans € m 2,105 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 24 58 26 - 26 15 42 8 - 15 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 53 68 92 - 64 25 45 50 - 38 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 32 67 36 - 43 17 44 15 - 25 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 35 14 Total loans € m 2,342 170 466 - 2,978 Total loans € m 838 1,418 86 - 2,342 Total loans € m 3,180 1,588 552 - 5,320 Total loans € m 6,021 Provision overview - Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans 100 PBB € m 384 16 84 112 CICB € m 52 30 73 73 AIB UK € m EBS € m 32 7 76 86 - - - - 2011 Total € m 468 16 82 104 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Provision overview - Non-Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Total Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans PBB € m 594 19 80 108 7.51 Property (excluding housing associations) Core Investment Commercial investment Residential investment Land and development Commercial investment Residential investment Contractors Total Non-Core Investment Commercial investment Residential investment Land and development Commercial investment Residential investment Contractors Total PBB € m 210 25 73 101 CICB € m 414 26 59 59 12.20 PBB €m 621 60 681 - - - 129 810 PBB €m - 247 247 138 266 404 - 651 AIB UK € m EBS € m AIB UK € m EBS € m AIB UK € m EBS € m CICB € m 362 26 57 57 55 10 62 69 3.02 CICB € m 8,871 153 9,024 4 60 64 187 CICB € m 819 1,563 2,382 1,246 3,206 4,452 8 6,842 23 26 49 54 - - - - - 1,248 533 1,781 87 646 733 131 AIB UK € m 1,266 565 1,831 104 887 991 31 9,275 2,645 2011 Total € m 595 25 60 67 2010 Total € m 619 10 61 74 5.27 2011 Total € m 10,740 746 11,486 91 706 797 447 12,730 2011 Total € m 2,981 2,375 5,356 1,488 4,359 5,847 39 - - - - 2011 Total € m 1,063 20 68 80 8.45 - - - - - - - - EBS € m 896 - 896 - - - - 2,853 896 11,242 101 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Total Investment Commercial investment Residential investment Land and development Commercial investment Residential investment Contractors Total PBB € m CICB € m AIB UK € m 621 307 928 138 266 404 129 9,690 1,716 11,406 1,250 3,266 4,516 195 1,461 16,117 2,514 1,098 3,612 191 1,533 1,724 162 5,498 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 389 4,083 1,547 - 6,019 € m 93 1,030 650 - 1,773 € m 95 368 275 - 738 € m 233 3,794 173 - 4,200 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Non-Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 162 1,414 250 127 1,953 € m 77 278 70 164 589 € m 101 276 560 64 1,001 € m 311 4,874 1,973 541 7,699 Asset quality - Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 552 5,498 1,796 126 7,972 € m 170 1,308 720 164 2,362 € m 196 644 835 64 € m 544 8,668 2,146 541 1,739 11,899 Satisfactory Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans EBS € m 896 - 896 - - - - 2011 Total € m 13,721 3,121 16,842 1,579 5,065 6,644 486 2010 Total € m 13,679 3,497 17,176 1,847 5,543 7,390 807 896 23,972 25,373 Total loans € m 810 9,275 2,645 - 12,730 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 52 56 42 - 53 29 41 7 - 33 Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m 651 6,842 2,853 896 11,242 75 79 91 86 83 48 71 69 60 68 Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m 1,462 16,118 5,497 895 23,972 62 66 67 86 67 37 54 39 60 50 Total loans Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans Total criticised loans € m 421 5,192 1,098 - 6,711 Total criticised loans € m 489 5,428 2,603 769 9,289 Total criticised loans € m 910 10,620 3,701 769 16,000 Total criticised loans Asset quality - Total Total € m 12,362 € m 2,789 € m 3,215 102 € m € m € m 7,007 13,011 25,373 51 28 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Provision overview - Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Non-Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Total Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans PBB € m 527 36 77 97 14.34 SME/Commercial lending Core Hotels Licensed premises Retail/wholesale Other services Agriculture Other Total Non-Core Hotels Licensed premises Retail/wholesale Other services Agriculture Other Total PBB € m 225 28 81 97 PBB € m 302 46 74 97 CICB € m 5,598 35 56 65 15.97 PBB €m 62 223 504 759 1,044 537 3,129 PBB €m - - - - - 15 15 CICB € m 2,086 23 42 55 CICB € m 3,512 51 67 72 AIB UK € m 1,218 21 48 58 10.60 CICB € m 1,557 740 2,018 1,589 666 1,151 7,721 AIB UK € m 135 5 49 79 AIB UK € m 1,083 34 48 56 EBS € m 209 23 26 39 3.93 EBS € m - - - - EBS € m 209 23 26 39 2011 Total € m 7,552 32 54 63 14.12 AIB UK € m EBS € m 645 47 211 1,910 43 494 3,350 - - - - - - - CICB € m AIB UK € m EBS € m - - - - - 20 20 485 112 82 1,161 13 199 2,052 - - - - - - - 2011 Total € m 2,446 19 44 58 2011 Total € m 5,106 45 60 66 2010 Total( € m 4,047 16 41 58 9.00 2011 Total € m 2,264 1,010 2,733 4,258 1,753 2,182 14,200 2011 Total € m 485 112 82 1,161 13 234 2,087 103 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) SME/Commercial lending AIB UK € m EBS € m Total Hotels Licensed premises Retail/wholesale Other services Agriculture Other Total PBB 62 223 504 759 1,044 552 3,144 CICB €m 1,557 740 2,018 1,589 666 1,171 7,741 1,130 159 293 3,071 56 693 5,402 Analysis of loans and receivables by SME/commercial lending Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 1,677 3,375 2,392 - 7,444 € m 452 752 478 - € m 380 543 263 - 1,682 1,186 € m 620 3,051 217 - 3,888 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Non-Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total € m 4 5 919 - 928 € m 1 2 79 - 82 € m 1 1 401 - 403 € m 9 12 653 - 674 Asset quality - Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 1,681 3,380 3,311 - 8,372 € m 453 754 557 - € m 381 544 664 - 1,764 1,589 € m 629 3,063 870 - 4,562 Satisfactory Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Total Total € m 10,444 € m 2,405 € m 2,121 € m 2,676 104 Total criticised loans € m 1,452 4,346 958 - 6,756 Total criticised loans € m 11 15 1,133 - 1,159 Total criticised loans € m 1,463 4,361 2,091 - 7,915 Total criticised loans 2011 Total € m 2,749 1,122 2,815 5,419 1,766 2,416 2010 Total € m 2,827 1,181 3,150 6,886 1,838 1,764 16,287 17,646 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 46 56 29 - 48 20 40 6 - 27 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 73 75 55 - 56 60 60 32 - 32 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 47 56 39 - 49 20 40 16 - 28 - - - - - - - Total loans € m 3,129 7,721 3,350 - 14,200 Total loans € m 15 20 2,052 - 2,087 Total loans € m 3,144 7,741 5,402 - 16,287 Total loans Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m € m 7,202 17,646 41 15 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Provision overview - Core* Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Non-Core* Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Total* Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans PBB € m 619 20 78 98 7.49 PBB € m 609 19 78 98 PBB € m 10 67 89 111 CICB € m 1,954 25 58 64 13.06 CICB € m 1,944 25 58 64 CICB € m 10 67 83 83 AIB UK € m 520 10 47 60 5.81 AIB UK € m 166 5 50 76 AIB UK € m 354 17 46 54 EBS € m - - - - - EBS € m - - - - EBS € m - - - - 2011 Total € m 3,093 19 58 68 9.57 2011 Total € m 2,719 19 60 70 2011 Total € m 374 18 47 55 2010 Total € m 1,700 10 50 64 5.44 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 105 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Corporate lending Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Total criticised loans Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m - 3,729 - - 3,729 € m - 81 - - 81 € m - 7 - - 7 € m - 386 - - 386 € m - 474 - - 474 € m - 4,203 - - 4,203 - 11 - - 11 - 9 - - 9 Asset quality - Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Total criticised loans Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m - 2,779 - - 2,779 € m - 25 - - 25 € m - 48 - - 48 € m - 309 - - 309 € m - 382 - - 382 € m - 3,161 - - 3,161 - 12 - - 12 - 10 - - 10 Asset quality - Non-Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Total criticised loans Total Criticised as a % of loans total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m - 6,508 - - 6,508 € m - 106 - - 106 € m - 55 - - 55 € m - 695 - - 695 € m - 856 - - 856 € m - 7,364 - - 7,364 - 12 - - 12 - 9 - - 9 Satisfactory Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Total criticised loans Total loans Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans € m 12,679 € m 176 € m 90 € m 467 € m 733 € m 13,412 5 3 Asset quality - Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Asset quality - Total Total Provision overview - Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans PBB € m - - - - CICB € m 275 7 56 71 AIB UK € m EBS € m - - - - - - - - 2011 Total € m 275 7 56 71 106 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Corporate lending (continued) Provision overview - Non-Core Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Provision overview - Total Statement of financial position provisions Statement of financial position provisions as a % of loans Specific provisions as a % of impaired loans cover Total provisions as a % of impaired loans Impairment charge as a % of average loans PBB € m - - - - - PBB € m - - - - CICB € m 536 7 62 77 5.26 Analysis of total criticised loans The following tables provide an analysis of criticised loans by segment. Asset quality - Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Total Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 2,972 2,144 1,423 1,116 7,655 € m 2,028 1,258 860 279 4,425 € m 2,713 8,820 490 2,238 14,261 Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans Asset quality - Non-Core PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total € m 181 467 184 364 - 1,196 € m 230 500 1,026 109 - 1,865 € m 529 5,927 2,798 1,306 12 10,572 13,633 AIB UK € m EBS € m 2011 Total € m 261 8 70 84 2010 Total € m 285 2.1 45 61 1.86 - - - - 2011 Total € m 536 7 62 77 5.26 AIB UK € m EBS € m CICB € m 261 8 70 84 - - - - - Total criticised loans € m 7,713 12,222 2,773 3,633 26,341 Total criticised loans € m 940 6,894 4,008 1,779 12 - - - - - - - - - Total gross loans € m 29,252 24,712 9,442 13,562 76,968 Total gross loans € m 1,504 11,619 5,785 2,757 54 21,719 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 26 50 29 27 34 9 36 5 17 19 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 63 59 69 65 22 63 35 51 48 47 22 49 107 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Asset quality - Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total Criticised loans Criticised loans (Non NAMA) Criticised loans NAMA Total Total impaired loans Impaired loans - Core Impaired loans - Non-Core Total Total impaired loans Impaired loans (Non NAMA) Impaired loans NAMA Total Watch Vulnerable loans loans Impaired loans € m 3,153 2,611 1,607 1,480 - 8,851 € m 2,258 1,758 1,886 388 - 6,290 € m 3,242 14,747 3,288 3,544 12 24,833 Watch loans Vulnerable loans Impaired loans € m 7,645 456 8,101 € m 7,560 425 7,985 € m 12,141 741 12,882 Total criticised loans € m 8,653 19,116 6,781 5,412 12 39,974 Total criticised loans € m 27,346 1,622 28,968 Total gross loans € m 30,756 36,331 15,227 16,319 54 98,687 Total gross loans € m 93,878 2,248 96,126 PBB € m 2,713 529 3,242 CICB € m 8,820 5,927 14,747 AIB UK € m 490 2,798 3,288 EBS € m 2,238 1,306 3,544 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2011 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 28 53 45 33 22 41 11 41 22 22 22 25 Criticised as a % of total gross loans 2010 Impaired as a % of total gross loans 29 72 30 Group € m - 12 12 € m 12,141 741 12,882 13 33 13 2011 Total € m 14,261 10,572 24,833 2010 % 13 33 13 108 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Risk profiles of loans and receivables to customers PBB Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables CICB Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables AIB UK Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables EBS Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables Total Mortgage € m 20,495 958 1,518 22,971 (1,021) 21,950 Total Mortgage € m 1,697 207 1,617 3,521 (743) 2,778 Total Mortgage € m 2,921 143 193 3,257 (167) 3,090 Other € m 5,399 662 1,724 7,785 (1,740) 6,045 Other € m 18,162 1,518 13,130 32,810 (8,503) 24,307 Other € m 8,633 242 3,095 11,970 (1,809) 10,161 Total Mortgage € m Other € m 11,461 959 3,003 15,423 (741) 14,682 248 107 541 896 (208) 688 Core € m 25,104 1,435 2,713 29,252 (2,239) 27,013 Core € m 14,665 1,227 8,820 24,712 (5,055) 19,657 Core € m 8,719 233 490 9,442 (444) 8,998 Core € m 10,455 869 2,238 13,562 (461) 13,101 Total Non-Core € m 790 185 529 1,504 (522) 982 Total Non-Core € m 5,194 498 5,927 11,619 (4,191) 7,428 Total Non-Core € m 2,835 152 2,798 5,785 (1,532) 4,253 Total Non-Core € m 1,254 197 1,306 2,757 (488) 2,269 2011 Total € m 25,894 1,620 3,242 30,756 (2,761) 27,995 2011 Total € m 19,859 1,725 14,747 36,331 (9,246) 27,085 2011 Total € m 11,554 385 3,288 15,227 (1,976) 13,251 2011 Total € m 11,709 1,066 3,544 16,319 (949) 15,370 109 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Risk profiles of loans and receivables to customers (continued) Total Neither past due nor impaired Past due but not impaired Impaired - provision held Gross loans and receivables Provision for impairments Net loans and receivables Mortgage € m 36,614 2,269 6,343 45,226 (2,683) 42,543 Total Other € m 32,442 2,529 18,490 53,461 (12,258) 41,203 Total Core € m Non-Core € m 58,943 3,764 14,261 76,968 (8,199) 68,769 10,113 1,034 10,572 21,719 (6,742) 14,977 2011 2010 Total(1) € m 69,056 4,798 24,833 98,687 (14,941) 83,746 Total(1) € m 76,355 5,382 12,141 93,878 (7,299) 86,579 (1) Includes € 54 million in relation to AmCredit (31 December 2010: € 74 million) of which € 12 million is impaired and with € 2 million is past due but not impaired. Loans and receivables which are neither past due nor impaired CICB AIB UK € m 2,055 15,375 2,429 19,859 € m 204 9,132 2,218 EBS € m 4,231 6,652 826 Group € m - 41 - 41 11,554 11,709 PBB € m 5,741 15,444 4,708 25,893 Strong Satisfactory Higher risk Total Strong Satisfactory Higher risk Total Aged analysis of loans and receivables which are past due but not impaired* PBB CICB AIB UK € m 562 362 203 299 152 42 € m 461 281 182 338 275 188 1,620 1,725 € m 221 63 29 47 19 6 385 EBS € m 726 189 72 34 23 22 1,066 Group € m 2 - - - - - 2 Total € m 1,972 895 486 718 469 258 4,798 Total Core € m 1,602 759 418 555 303 127 3,764 1 - 30 days 31 - 60 days 61 -90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days > 365 days Total 1 - 30 days 31 - 60 days 61 -90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days > 365 days Total *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 110 2011 Total € m 12,231 46,644 10,181 69,056 2010 Total € m 16,709 50,849 8,797 76,355 2011 Total Non-Core € m 370 136 68 163 166 131 1,034 2010 Total € m 2,045 1,005 504 943 575 310 5,382 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Segmental impairment charges (excluding NAMA) PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Total Impairment charges Impairment charge NAMA Impairment charge non-NAMA Total Impairment charges Impairment charge NAMA Impairment charge non-NAMA Total Mortgages € m 703 499 99 305 - Other € m 723 4,439 988 18 - 2011 Total € m 1,426 4,938 1,087 323 - 1,606 6,168 7,774 Mortgages bps 301 1386 302 396 17 418 Other bps 876 1230 807 385 - 1076 2011 € m 87 7,774 7,861 2011 bps 779 784 784 2010 € m 1,497 4,518 6,015 2010 bps 854 466 525 2011 Total Total bps 451 1244 70 395 17 784 2009 € m 3,373 1,864 5,237 2009 bps 1454 186 423 The impairment charge is calculated on average advances and is expressed in basis points (“BPS”) Commentary For detailed commentary see page 95. 111 m € 6 0 8 , 9 3 3 4 3 , 6 8 6 6 , 5 3 7 2 , 5 m € 4 5 6 , 7 1 9 3 , 2 6 9 1 , 2 6 0 0 , 2 7 5 4 , 1 4 4 7 2 2 7 7 3 3 6 9 1 , 1 1 3 6 9 7 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B l a t o T m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 2 5 1 , 2 3 2 5 9 , 3 2 7 4 , 3 7 6 2 , 3 3 1 7 5 8 3 5 6 5 9 5 6 . 7 2 1 . 7 3 8 . 1 2 5 0 8 5 8 7 5 6 7 3 1 2 7 6 4 1 1 5 0 8 5 8 7 5 6 7 3 1 2 7 6 4 1 1 ) 7 1 ( ) 7 1 ( 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 2 m € 1 6 8 , 1 m € 1 6 8 , 1 1 1 0 2 l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B l a t o T - - - - - - - - - m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o l a t o T m € 2 9 4 , 3 1 9 5 4 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 3 0 4 8 5 4 2 3 ) 6 1 1 ( 0 . 8 1 - - - - - - - - - m € ) 2 ( S B E t e l - o t - y u B m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 2 9 4 , 3 1 9 5 4 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 3 0 4 8 5 4 2 3 ) 6 1 1 ( 0 . 8 1 m € 3 4 3 , 3 9 7 6 , 1 2 0 6 , 1 7 1 5 , 1 0 6 5 7 3 1 0 8 4 m € 9 0 3 , 3 7 5 6 , 1 0 8 5 , 1 6 9 4 , 1 5 5 5 7 3 1 5 7 4 ) 6 1 ( ) 6 1 ( l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B ) 1 ( B C C I 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 5 - 5 - m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o l a t o T m € 1 7 9 , 2 2 5 0 2 , 2 8 2 8 , 1 8 1 5 , 1 4 9 4 7 2 5 2 9 3 1 1 3 4 3 7 6 1 6 0 1 5 9 8 1 0 0 2 6 5 1 6 3 1 m € 5 4 3 , 4 t e l - o t - y u B B B P m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 6 2 6 , 8 1 1 7 4 , 1 2 1 2 , 1 8 0 0 , 1 5 0 3 7 2 3 6 3 2 5 7 1 ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 3 > ( s r a e r r a n I ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 9 > ( s r a e r r a n I n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S d e r i a p m i h c i h w f O n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S s n o i s i v o r p R N B I c i f i c e p s t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p s s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r l a t o T R N B I t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p s n o i s i v o r p f o % a s a s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p S e r o C 0 . 7 3 1 . 7 3 8 . 5 2 6 . 2 3 1 . 7 3 2 . 0 3 r e v o c s n a o l d e r i a p m i o i l o f t r o p n a o l e h t f o s i s y l a n a l a t n e m g e S - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R 5 0 8 5 8 7 5 6 7 3 1 2 7 6 4 1 1 5 0 8 5 8 7 5 6 7 3 1 2 7 6 4 1 1 ) 7 1 ( ) 7 1 ( 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 2 m € 1 6 8 , 1 m € 1 6 8 , 1 l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B ) 2 ( S B E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o l a t o T m € m € t e l - o t - y u B ) 1 ( B C C I m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o l a t o T m € m € t e l - o t - y u B B B P m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 3 > ( s r a e r r a n I ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 9 > ( s r a e r r a n I n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S d e r i a p m i h c i h w f O n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S s n o i s i v o r p R N B I c i f i c e p s t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p s R N B I t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r l a t o T s n o i s i v o r p f o % a s a s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p S r e v o c s n a o l d e r i a p m i e r o C - n o N s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 112 1 1 0 2 l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B l a t o T m € 7 6 6 , 1 4 8 4 1 , 7 3 5 4 , 6 8 3 0 , 6 m € 5 1 5 , 9 6 9 1 , 3 1 8 9 , 2 1 7 7 , 2 0 7 6 , 1 7 5 9 9 8 7 4 0 4 0 1 3 , 1 5 4 7 2 6 1 3 0 1 m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 2 5 1 , 2 3 2 5 9 , 3 2 7 4 , 3 7 6 2 , 3 3 1 7 5 8 3 5 6 5 9 5 0 1 0 2 l a t o T m € m € t e l - o t - y u B 5 6 1 , 7 2 3 8 7 , 7 m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c O 2 8 3 , 9 1 3 7 6 , 1 4 0 3 , 1 3 8 9 8 9 1 8 6 3 6 3 1 2 1 3 4 2 9 7 4 7 1 6 5 5 2 1 0 3 2 0 8 5 0 2 9 4 7 7 5 5 2 2 4 3 7 8 3 1 6 5 7 0 1 1 . 0 2 3 . 2 2 3 . 7 1 7 . 7 2 6 . 4 3 8 . 1 2 5 . 0 2 8 . 7 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 7 3 1 . 7 3 8 . 5 2 6 . 2 3 1 . 7 3 2 . 0 3 ) 1 ( 3 5 3 , 5 1 1 6 8 , 1 l a t o T m € m € ) 2 ( S B E t e l - o t - y u B 4 6 2 , 3 3 2 0 , 3 3 0 0 , 3 6 1 6 5 2 1 8 3 4 5 0 8 5 8 7 5 6 7 3 1 2 7 6 4 1 1 m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 2 9 4 , 3 1 9 5 4 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 8 3 2 , 2 3 0 4 8 5 4 2 3 m € 3 4 3 , 3 9 7 6 , 1 2 0 6 , 1 7 1 5 , 1 0 6 5 7 3 1 0 8 4 m € 9 0 3 , 3 7 5 6 , 1 0 8 5 , 1 6 9 4 , 1 5 5 5 7 3 1 5 7 4 l a t o T t e l - o t - y u B ) 1 ( B C C I ) 3 3 1 ( ) 7 1 ( ) 6 1 1 ( ) 6 1 ( ) 6 1 ( 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 5 - 5 - m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o l a t o T m € 1 7 9 , 2 2 5 0 2 , 2 8 2 8 , 1 8 1 5 , 1 4 9 4 7 2 5 2 9 3 1 1 3 4 3 7 6 1 6 0 1 5 9 8 1 0 0 2 6 5 1 6 3 1 m € 5 4 3 , 4 t e l - o t - y u B B B P m € - r e n w O r e i p u c c o 6 2 6 , 8 1 1 7 4 , 1 2 1 2 , 1 8 0 0 , 1 5 0 3 7 2 3 6 3 2 5 7 1 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i o i l o f t r o p n a o l e h t f o s i s y l a n a l a t n e m g e S - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 3 > ( s r a e r r a n I ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 9 > ( s r a e r r a n I n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S d e r i a p m i h c i h w f O n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t S s n o i s i v o r p R N B I c i f i c e p s t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p s R N B I t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I s n o i s i v o r p s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r l a t o T s n o i s i v o r p f o % a s a s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p S r e v o c s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 3 > ( s r a e r r a n I ) 3 ( ) e u d t s a p s y a d 0 9 > ( s r a e r r a n I s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r l a t o T d e r i a p m i h c i h w f O l a t o T . I B C C n s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p s n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f s n o i s i v o r p R N B I n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o f o t n e m e t a t S t n e m e t a t S 1 1 0 2 s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p s t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I 1 1 0 2 s n o i s i v o r p R N B I t n e m e t a t s e m o c n I d e r i a p m i / s n o i s i v o r p c i f i c e p S % r e v o c s n a o l i n o i l l i m 8 7 1 € f o s l o o p n a o l e g a t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r s e d u l c x E ) 1 ( . S B E n i n o i l l i m 0 7 € f o s t s o c d e r r e f e d s e d u l c x E ) 2 ( 113 . t o n r o e u d t s a p r e h t e h w s n a o l d e r i a p m i l l a s e d u l c n I ) 3 ( Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Segmental analysis of the loan portfolio (continued) Residential mortgages in the Republic of Ireland (comprising PBB, CICB & EBS) amounted to € 41.7 billion at 31 December 2011. This compares to € 27.2 billion at 31 December 2010, the increase resulting from the acquisition of EBS in 2011 offset by a reduction of € 0.9 billion in AIB in 2011. The split of the residential mortgage book was owner occupier € 32.2 billion and buy to let € 9.5 billion. The income statement charge for 2011 was € 1.5 billion or 3.56% of average residential mortgages, comprising € 1.3 billion specific charge and € 0.2 billion IBNR charge. Of the increase in the income statement charge of € 1.0 billion on 2010, € 0.3 billion related to the EBS charge for the second half of 2011, with the remainder relating to an increase in AIB. Statement of financial position provisions of € 2.5 billion were held at 31 December 2011, split € 1.7 billion specific and € 0.8 billion IBNR. The portfolio in the Republic of Ireland continues to experience an increase in arrears as borrowers’ repayment capacity is impacted by the current economic climate. The level of loans >90 days in arrears including impaired loans was 15.66% at 31 December 2011, or 13.31% excluding EBS, compared to 4.80% at 31 December 2010.The level of loans >90 days in arrears including those impaired in EBS was 19.68% at 31 December 2011. The level of arrears >90 days including impaired loans in the owner occupier book increased from € 557 million or 2.87% of advances at 31 December 2010 to € 3,472 million or 10.90% at 31 December 2011, of which € 2,238 million related to EBS, representing an increase of € 677 million excluding EBS. Decreases in household income and growing unemployment continue to be the principal drivers of increased arrears in the owner occupier book. The level of arrears >90 days in the buy to let book increased from € 747 million or 9.60% at 31 December 2010 to € 2,981 million or 31.70% at 31 December 2011 and continues to be impacted by increased financial pressure on borrowers and volatility in rental income. BTL arrears >90 days including impaired loans in EBS were € 785 million (or 42.2% of residential mortgages) at 31 December 2011. Total owner occupier and buy to let impaired loans were € 6.0 billion at 31 December 2011 compared with € 1.0 billion at 31 December 2010, a reflection of the deterioration of the residential mortgage book in the period and the acquisition of EBS during 2011, for which impaired loans were € 3.0 billion at 31 December 2011. Statement of financial position specific provisions of € 1.7 billion provided cover of 28% (31 December 2010: € 198 million or 20%) of which € 0.6 billion related to EBS, representing an increase of € 0.9 billion in AIB in 2011. AIB has used a 55% peak-to- trough house price decline as a base for assessing values of collateral, but where relevant has applied a discount to reflect a higher decline in value. IBNR statement of financial position provisions of € 789 million were held for the performing book (86% of the residential mortgage book), or € 664 million excluding EBS, which compares to € 368 million held at 31 December 2010 and reflects management’s view of incurred loss in this book. The total income statement charge for 2011 was € 1.5 billion, comprising a specific charge of € 1.3 billion and an IBNR charge € 0.2 billion. Excluding the EBS income statement charge for the second half of the year of € 305 million, the 2011 charge was € 1,167 million, an increase from € 448 million (€ 136 million specific and € 312 million IBNR) for 2010. 114 3.1 Credit risk (continued) Credit profile of residential mortgages Forbearance The following tables analyse the owner-occupier, buy-to-let and total residental mortgage books by type of forbearance that were subject to forbearance measures at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS in 2010). Residential owner-occupier mortgages - Republic of Ireland Total Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired 2011 Performing Number Balance € m Number Balance € m Number Balance € m Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total 13,442 - 1,014 1,438 1,512 4,964 239 2 22,611 2,520 - 184 254 274 524 28 1 3,785 3,351 - 251 470 649 447 85 - 5,253 665 - 58 92 135 41 10 - 1,001 Total Number Balance € m Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired Number Balance € m 10,091 - 763 968 863 4,517 154 2 17,358 1,855 - 126 162 139 483 18 1 2,784 2010 Performing Number Balance € m Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total 7,358 - 404 863 584 1,360 - - 10,569 1,554 - 39 131 113 195 - - 2,032 210 - 3 15 169 16 - - 413 68 - 1 4 42 2 - - 7,148 - 401 848 415 1,344 - - 117 10,156 1,486 - 38 127 71 193 - - 1,915 Residential buy-to-let mortgages - Republic of Ireland Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total Total Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired 2011 Performing Number Balance € m Number Balance € m Number Balance € m 7,366 - 423 136 823 872 35 - 9,655 1,856 - 99 40 232 132 10 - 2,369 2,547 - 107 78 558 89 18 - 3,397 810 - 29 28 163 15 6 - 1,051 4,819 - 316 58 265 783 17 - 6,258 1,046 - 70 12 69 117 4 - 1,318 115 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Forbearance Residential buy-to-let mortgages - Republic of Ireland (continued) Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total Total Number Balance € m Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired Number Balance € m 5,549 - 54 85 316 419 - - 6,423 1,436 - 9 18 92 69 - - 1,624 302 - 4 16 156 5 - - 483 109 - 1 4 49 1 - - 164 The main types of forbearance arangements for mortgages are analysed below: Total Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired 2010 Performing Number Balance € m 5,247 - 50 69 160 414 - - 5,940 1,327 - 8 14 43 68 - - 1,460 2011 Performing Total residential mortgages Republic of Ireland Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total Total residential mortgages Republic of Ireland Interest only Reduced payment (less than interest only) Reduced payment (greater than interest only) Payment moratorium Arrears capitalisation Term extension Hybrid (term extension and interest only) Other Total Number Balance € m Number Balance € m Number Balance € m 20,808 - 1,437 1,574 2,335 5,836 274 2 32,266 4,376 - 283 294 506 656 38 1 6,154 5,898 - 358 548 1,207 536 103 - 8,650 1,475 - 87 120 298 56 16 - 2,052 14,910 - 1,079 1,026 1,128 5,300 171 2 23,616 2,901 - 196 174 208 600 22 1 4,102 2010 Total Number Balance € m Loans > 90 days in arrears and/or impaired Number Balance € m 12,907 - 458 948 900 1,779 - - 16,992 2,990 - 48 149 205 264 - - 3,656 512 - 7 31 325 21 - - 896 177 - 2 8 91 3 - - 281 Performing Number 12,395 - 451 917 575 1,758 - - 16,096 Balance € m 2,813 - 46 141 114 261 - - 3,375 The types of forbearance measures that are currently considered for mortgage customers are interest only, part capital and interest, moratorium, arrears capitalisation, term extension and deferred interest scheme. The Group has developed a Mortgage Arrears Resolution Strategy (“MARS”) for dealing with customers in difficulty or likely to be in difficulty. Further details on MARS are set out in 3.1 ‘Credit risk - Credit risk management’. Of the total residential mortgage book in the Republic of Ireland of € 41.7 billion, 15% are subject to forbearance measures as at 31 December 2011, 18% excluding EBS, compared to 13% as at 31 December 2010.The majority (71%) of the loans that were subject to forbearance measures at 31 December 2011 were restructured to interest only repayments. € 2.1 billion (33%) of the loans under forbearance were >90 days past due or impaired as at 31 December 2011, 34% excluding EBS, compared to 7% as at 31 December 2010. 116 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Repossessions Residential mortgages - Republic of Ireland The number (stock) of repossessions as at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS) is set out below. Repossessions Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total Number of repossessions 92 44 136 2011 Balance outstanding € m 30 9 39 The increase in the stock of repossessed properties in 2011 reflects the acquisition of EBS in 2011, coupled with a relatively small number of properties repossessed in the year. A total of 73 properties were repossessed in the Republic of Ireland in 2011, the majority of which were through voluntary surrender or abandonment of the property. Repossessions Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total Number of repossessions 5 15 20 Disposal of repossessions - Republic of Ireland Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total residential Number of disposals Balance outstanding at repossession Gross sales proceeds € m € m 5 10 15 2 3 5 1 1 2 Costs to sell € m - - - Loss on sale € m 1 2 3 2010 Balance outstanding € m 1 1 2 2011 Weighted average LTV at sale price % 214 238 230 During the year ended 31 December 2011, 15 residential properties were disposed of in the Republic of Ireland, resulting in a cumulative loss on sale of € 3 million. Disposal of repossessions - Republic of Ireland Owner occupier Buy-to-let Total residential Number of disposals 1 2 3 Balance outstanding at repossession € m 1 - 1 Gross sales proceeds € m 1 - 1 Costs to sell € m - - - Loss on sale € m - - - 2010 Weighted average LTV at sale price % 155 198 158 117 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) The property values used in the completion of the following loan-to-value (“LTV”) tables are determined with reference to the original or most recent valuation indexed to the Central Statistics Office (“CSO”) Residential Property Price Index. Actual and weighted average indexed loan-to-value (“LTV”) across principal mortgage portfolios The following tables profile the Republic of Ireland residential mortgage portfolio by the indexed loan-to-value ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS in 2010) and the weighted average indexed loan-to-value ratios for elements of the book as at 31 December 2011. Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Owner-occupier € m % 4,132 3,843 2,173 2,347 2,586 6,028 6,433 4,610 12.9 12.0 6.8 7.3 8.0 18.7 20.0 14.3 Total Weighted average indexed LTV(1): Stock of residential mortgages at year end New residential mortgages during year Impaired mortgages 35,152 100.0 97.5 84.3 111.8 Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier € m 3,450 2,991 1,490 2,001 2,906 3,498 2,546 500 % 17.8 15.4 7.7 10.3 15.0 18.1 13.1 2.6 19,382 100.0 Buy-to-let Total % 7.1 9.1 5.6 6.7 7.8 16.7 23.7 23.3 € m 4,814 4,714 2,707 2,985 3,327 7,613 8,684 6,823 2011 % 11.6 11.3 6.5 7.2 8.0 18.3 20.8 16.3 100.0 41,667 100.0 110.6 95.2 121.8 100.5 85.0 116.4 Buy-to-let Total % 8.6 10.8 7.5 10.1 11.0 21.8 19.9 10.3 € m 4,122 3,829 2,074 2,788 3,760 5,197 4,091 1,304 2010 % 15.2 14.0 7.6 10.3 13.9 19.1 15.1 4.8 100.0 27,165 100.0 € m 682 871 534 638 741 1,585 2,251 2,213 9,515 € m 672 838 584 787 854 1,699 1,545 804 7,783 53% of the owner-occupier and 64% of the buy-to-let mortgages were in negative equity at 31 December 2011, reflecting the continuing decline in residential property prices in Ireland in 2011. The weighted average indexed loan-to-value ratio for the total book was 100.5% at 31 December 2011, whilst the weighted average indexed loan-to-value ratio for the impaired book was higher at 116.4%.The weighted average indexed loan-to-value ratio of new loans advanced during 2011 was 85.0%. (1)Weighted average indexed LTVs are the individual indexed LTV calculation weighted by the mortgage balance against each property. 118 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) LTV ratio of residential mortgage lending (index linked) that is neither past due nor impaired The following table profiles the Republic of Ireland residential mortgage portfolio that is neither past due nor impaired by the indexed loan-to-value ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS in 2010). Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier % € m 3,792 3,460 1,924 2,065 2,253 5,226 5,235 3,415 14.0 12.6 7.0 7.5 8.2 19.1 19.1 12.5 27,370 100.0 € m 552 677 419 479 509 1,023 1,337 1,139 6,135 Buy-to-let Total % 9.0 11.0 6.8 7.8 8.3 16.7 21.8 18.6 € m 4,344 4,137 2,343 2,544 2,762 6,249 6,572 4,554 2011 % 13.0 12.3 7.0 7.6 8.2 18.7 19.6 13.6 100.0 33,505 100.0 51% of the owner occupier and 57% of the-buy to-let mortgages were in negative equity at 31 December 2011. In terms of the total portfolio, 52% was in negative equity at 31 December 2011, reflecting the continuing decline in residential property prices in Ireland in 2011. Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier % € m 3,298 2,846 1,410 1,902 2,815 3,308 2,355 433 18.0 15.5 7.7 10.3 15.3 18.0 12.8 2.4 18,367 100.0 € m 617 765 514 690 739 1,405 1,263 631 6,624 Buy-to-let Total % 9.3 11.6 7.8 10.4 11.1 21.2 19.1 9.5 € m 3,915 3,611 1,924 2,592 3,554 4,713 3,618 1,064 2010 % 15.7 14.5 7.7 10.4 14.2 18.9 14.4 4.2 100.0 24,991 100.0 119 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Analysis by LTV ratio of AIB’s residential mortgage lending that is 90 days past due and/or impaired The following tables profile the Republic of Ireland residential mortgage portfolios that were >90 days past due and/or impaired by the indexed loan-to-value ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010, (excluding EBS in 2010). Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total 2011 Total residential mortgage portfolio Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total € m 223 253 170 199 231 548 891 957 % 6.4 7.3 4.9 5.7 6.7 15.8 25.6 27.6 € m 112 164 96 134 198 488 812 977 % 3.7 5.6 3.2 4.5 6.6 16.4 27.2 32.8 3,472 100.0 2,981 100.0 € m 335 417 266 333 429 1,036 1,703 1,934 6,453 % 5.2 6.4 4.1 5.2 6.6 16.1 26.4 30.0 € m 4,814 4,714 2,707 2,985 3,327 7,613 8,684 6,823 % 11.6 11.3 6.5 7.2 8.0 18.3 20.8 16.3 100.0 41,667 100.0 69% of the owner-occupier and 76% of the buy-to-let mortgages that were > 90 days past due and/or impaired were in negative equity at 31 December 2011. In terms of the total portfolio, 72% was in negative equity at 31 December 2011, reflecting the continuing decline in residential property prices in Ireland in 2011. Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total 2010 Total residential mortgage portfolio % 15.2 14.0 7.6 10.3 13.9 19.1 15.1 4.8 % 8.5 8.3 6.1 7.9 7.9 20.7 21.3 19.3 € m 4,122 3,829 2,074 2,788 3,760 5,197 4,091 1,304 % 4.0 4.9 5.1 6.3 8.2 22.1 22.4 27.0 € m 111 108 80 103 103 270 278 251 100.0 1,304 100.0 27,165 100.0 Republic of Ireland Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total € m 81 71 42 56 42 105 111 49 557 % 14.6 12.7 7.5 10.0 7.6 18.9 19.9 8.8 100.0 € m 30 37 38 47 61 165 167 202 747 120 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Arrears profile of residential mortgages which are past due but not impaired The following tables provide an arrears profile of the Republic of Ireland residential mortgages that were past due but not impaired at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS in 2010). Republic of Ireland 1 - 30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days Over 365 days Total Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 830 326 154 147 50 8 1,515 184 134 81 117 65 28 609 2011 Total € m 1,014 460 235 264 115 36 2,124 € 2.1 billion or 5% of the Republic of Ireland residential mortgage book was past due but not impaired at 31 December 2011 compared to € 1.2 billion or 4% at 31 December 2010. Of the loan book that was past due but not impaired, € 1.0 billion or 48% was <30 days past due (31 December 2010: € 0.5 billion or 42%). The increase in loans that are past due but not impaired reflects the impact on disposable incomes as a result of the economic downturn. Republic of Ireland 1 - 30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days Over 365 days Total Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 266 119 73 89 36 10 593 235 102 75 108 71 7 598 2010 Total € m 501 221 148 197 107 17 1,191 121 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Loan origination profile Residential mortgages - Republic of Ireland The following table profiles the Republic of Ireland residential mortgage book and impaired residential mortgage book at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (excluding EBS in 2010) by year of origination. Republic of Ireland 1996 and before 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Residential mortgage portfolio Number 11,054 4,091 4,895 6,276 7,126 7,473 12,277 16,526 21,326 27,582 34,373 32,836 30,688 21,559 15,110 4,869 Balance € m 298 134 215 334 478 611 1,221 1,964 3,116 4,874 7,264 7,129 6,642 3,983 2,629 775 2011 Impaired residential mortgage portfolio Balance Number € m 35 16 30 45 58 72 144 262 452 838 1,401 1,290 1,032 297 64 2 972 343 414 555 580 661 1,061 1,559 2,088 3,078 4,451 4,219 3,220 1,101 272 8 258,061 41,667 24,582 6,038 The table shows that 20% of the residential mortgage book originated before 2005, with such loans representing 18% of the impaired residential mortgage book at 31 December 2011. A further 62% of the residential mortgage book originated between 2005 and 2008, with such loans representing 76% of the impaired residential mortgage book. The remainder of the book (18%) originated since 2008 and represent 6% of the impaired residential mortgages book. Republic of Ireland 1996 and before 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total 122 Residential mortgage portfolio Number 5,831 1,895 2,446 3,404 4,257 4,731 7,783 11,724 15,086 19,575 24,106 23,192 21,712 16,082 9,535 Balance € m 140 58 108 189 281 342 746 1,355 2,104 3,221 4,816 4,820 4,501 2,905 1,579 Number 2010 Impaired residential mortgage portfolio Balance € m 4 2 5 9 14 12 25 55 87 137 238 197 157 39 2 174 52 78 133 153 140 195 324 460 607 849 654 348 106 9 171,359 27,165 4,282 983 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Residential mortgages - AIB UK The following tables profile the AIB UK residential mortgage portfolio at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Core Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(1) In arrears (>90 days past due)(1) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions/impaired loans cover Non-Core Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(1) In arrears (>90 days past due)(1) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions/impaired loans cover Total Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(1) In arrears (>90 days past due)(1) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions/impaired loans cover (1)Includes all impaired loans whether past due or not. Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 2,711 142 101 59 19 88 13 143 8 5 4 1 1 - 2011 Total € m 2,854 150 106 63 20 89 13 53 32.9% (1) 17.1% 52 32.0% Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 112 110 110 110 36 - 20 - 33.0% 291 25 22 20 11 11 6 8 52.0% Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 434 33 27 24 12 12 6 2,823 252 211 169 55 88 33 53 32.9% 2011 Total € m 403 135 132 130 47 11 26 8 36.0% 2011 Total € m 3,257 285 238 193 67 100 39 7 46.1% 60 34.7% 123 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Residential mortgages - AIB UK (continued) Total Total residential mortgages In arrears (>30 days past due)(1) In arrears (>90 days past due)(1) Of which impaired Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Income statement specific provisions Income statement IBNR provisions Specific provisions/impaired loans cover (1)Includes all impaired loans whether past due or not. Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 3,004 165 124 100 24 32 17 26 24.0% 458 22 18 16 5 5 3 4 31.3% 2010 Total € m 3,462 187 142 116 29 37 20 30 26.0% Residential mortgages in AIB UK were € 3.2 billion at 31 December 2011 compared to € 3.5 billion at 31 December 2010 and comprised owner-occupier mortgages of € 2.8 billion and buy-to-let mortgages of € 0.4 billion. The level of >90 days arrears including impaired loans was 7.44% compared to 4.09% at 31 December 2010, driven primarily by an increase in the levels of arrears in Northern Ireland. Statement of financial position specific provisions at € 67 million were up from € 29 million at 31 December 2010, with cover increasing from 26% to 35% reflecting house price declines in Northern Ireland. IBNR statement of financial position provisions of € 100 million are held, up from € 37 million at 31 December 2010, and reflect management’s view of incurred loss in the performing book, particularly in relation to low-start mortgages in Northern Ireland. The income statement charge for the period of € 99 million, comprising € 39 million specific charge and € 60 million IBNR charge, increased from € 50 million (€ 20 million specific and € 30 million IBNR) in 2010. Further details regarding residential mortgages - AIB UK are analysed below and in the following pages. Repossessions - residential mortgages Residential mortgages - UK Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Residential mortgages - UK Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total Number of repossessions 59 33 92 Number of repossessions 38 16 54 2011 Balance outstanding € m 14 7 21 2010 Balance outstanding € m 9 3 12 During the year ended 31 December 2011, 68 properties were disposed of in the UK, resulting in a cumulative loss on sale of € 6.6 million. A total of 106 properties were repossessed in the UK in 2011, the majority of which were through voluntary surrender or abandonment of the property. 124 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) The property values in the following loan-to-value (“LTV”) tables are determined with reference to the original or most recent valuation indexed to the Nationwide UK House Price Index. Actual and weighted average loan-to-value ratios across principal mortgage portfolios The following tables profile the total AIB UK residential mortgage portfolio by the indexed LTV ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 and the weighted average indexed LTV ratios for elements of the book as at 31 December 2011. Buy-to-let Total AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Weighted average indexed LTV(1): Stock of residential mortgages at year end New residential mortages during year Impaired mortgages Owner-occupier € m % 543 525 315 301 276 301 329 233 19.2 18.6 11.2 10.7 9.8 10.6 11.6 8.3 € m 58 77 31 37 28 39 94 70 2,823 100.0 434 88.2 70.0 105.9 % 13.3 17.7 7.2 8.7 6.3 9.0 21.7 16.1 100.0 101.1 77.0 121.8 2011 % 18.5 18.5 10.6 10.4 9.3 10.4 13.0 9.3 € m 601 602 346 338 304 340 423 303 3,257 100.0 89.9 70.4 107.9 31% of the owner-occupier and 47% of the buy-to-let mortgages were in negative equity at 31 December 2011. In terms of the total portfolio, 33% was in negative equity at 31 December 2011, driven by more pronounced property price declines in Northern Ireland. AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier € m 590 567 351 335 278 325 337 221 % 19.6 18.9 11.7 11.2 9.3 10.8 11.2 7.3 Buy-to-let Total € m 60 87 39 39 25 42 99 67 % 13.0 19.0 8.4 8.7 5.6 9.2 21.5 14.6 € m 650 654 390 374 303 367 436 288 2010 % 18.7 18.9 11.2 10.9 8.8 10.6 12.6 8.3 3,004 100.0 458 100.0 3,462 100.0 (1)The weighted average indexed LTVs are the individual indexed LTV calculations weighted by the mortgage balance against each property. 125 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Loan-to-value ratios of residential mortgage lending that is neither past due nor impaired The following tables profile the AIB UK residential mortgage portfolio that is neither past due nor impaired by the indexed LTV ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Buy-to-let Total AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier % € m 519 483 283 265 238 267 281 197 20.5 19.0 11.2 10.5 9.4 10.5 11.1 7.8 € m 56 72 29 29 25 35 83 59 2,533 100.0 388 % 14.4 18.6 7.5 7.5 6.3 9.1 21.4 15.2 100.0 2011 % 19.7 19.0 10.7 10.0 9.0 10.3 12.5 8.8 € m 575 555 312 294 263 302 364 256 2,921 100.0 29% of owner-occupier and 46% of buy-to-let mortgages that were neither past due nor impaired were in negative equity at 31 December 2011. In total, 32% of such mortgages were in negative equity at 31 December 2011, driven by more pronounced property price declines in Northern Ireland. AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier % € m 568 533 322 309 256 304 310 204 20.2 19.0 11.5 11.0 9.2 10.8 11.0 7.3 Buy-to-let Total € m 58 81 36 39 25 40 90 61 % 13.5 19.0 8.3 9.0 5.6 9.2 21.1 14.3 € m 626 614 358 348 281 344 400 265 2010 % 19.3 19.0 11.1 10.7 8.7 10.6 12.4 8.2 2,806 100.0 430 100.0 3,236 100.0 126 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Loan-to-value ratios of residential mortgage portfolio that is > 90 days past due and/or impaired The following tables profile the AIB UK residential mortgage portfolio that was >90 days past due and/or impaired by the indexed LTV ratios at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total € m 14 27 26 25 26 24 37 32 % 7.1 12.8 12.3 11.9 12.3 11.4 17.5 14.7 € m - 4 1 3 2 2 7 8 % - 14.8 3.7 11.1 7.4 7.4 26.0 29.6 € m 14 31 27 28 28 26 44 40 % 6.3 13.0 11.3 11.8 11.8 10.9 18.5 16.4 2011 Total residential mortgage portfolio € m 601 602 346 338 304 340 423 303 % 18.5 18.5 10.6 10.4 9.3 10.4 13.0 9.3 211 100.0 27 100.0 238 100.0 3,257 100.0 AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total 44% of owner-occupier and 63% of buy-to-let mortgages that were >90 days past due and/or impaired were in negative equity at 31 December 2011 with 46% of the overall portfolio in negative equity at 31 December 2011, driven by more pronounced property price declines in Northern Ireland. AIB UK Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 100% 101% to 120% 121% to 150% Greater than 150% Total Owner-occupier Buy-to-let Total € m 11 14 17 16 16 17 19 14 % 8.9 11.4 13.8 12.6 12.6 13.8 15.5 11.4 € m 1 3 2 - 1 2 5 4 % 0.1 17.6 11.8 - 5.9 11.8 29.4 23.4 € m 12 17 19 16 17 19 24 18 % 7.9 12.1 13.6 11.4 11.4 13.6 17.1 12.9 2010 Total residential mortgage portfolio % 18.7 18.9 11.2 10.9 8.8 10.6 12.6 8.3 € m 650 654 390 374 303 367 436 288 124 100.0 18 100.0 142 100.0 3,462 100.0 127 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Arrears profile of residential mortgages which are past due but not impaired The following tables profile AIB UK residential mortgages that were past due but not impaired at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. AIB UK 1 -30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days Over 365 days Total Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 38 25 16 27 11 4 121 13 4 2 3 - - 22 2011 Total € m 51 29 18 30 11 4 143 € 143 million or 4% of the AIB UK residential mortgage book was past due but not impaired at 31 December 2011 compared to € 110 million or 3% at 31 December 2010. Of the loan book that was past due, € 49 million or 34% was <30 days past due (2010: € 39 million or 35%). The increase in past due loans reflects the continuing economic downturn which continues to give rise to falling disposable incomes. AIB UK 1 -30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days 91 - 180 days 181 - 365 days Over 365 days Total Owner-occupier € m Buy-to-let € m 33 21 20 16 5 3 98 6 2 2 1 1 - 12 2010 Total € m 39 23 22 17 6 3 110 128 3.1 Credit risk - Credit profile of residential mortgages (continued) Loan origination profile The following tables profile AIB UK residential mortgage book and impaired residential mortgage book at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 by year of origination. AIB UK 1996 and before 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Residential mortgage portfolio Number 418 87 113 293 276 3,656 1,466 2,108 2,558 3,400 5,174 5,815 2,771 1,315 656 337 Balance € m 20 3 6 15 18 121 97 160 236 369 658 884 400 160 76 34 Number 2011 Impaired residential mortgage portfolio Balance € m - - - - - 5 2 10 12 25 51 66 18 2 - 2 1 - 1 - - 114 42 104 119 214 311 339 100 18 6 1 30,443 3,257 1,370 193 The table shows that 21% of the residential mortgage book at 31 December 2011 originated before 2005, with such loans representing 15% of the impaired residential mortgage book at 31 December 2011. A further 71% of the residential mortgage book originated between 2005 and 2008, with such loans representing 83% of the impaired residential mortgage book. The remainder of the book (8%) originated since 2008 and represent 2% of the impaired residential mortgages book. AIB UK 1996 and before 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Residential mortgage portfolio Number 488 105 133 337 309 4,037 1,572 2,246 2,741 3,618 5,488 6,089 2,912 1,455 720 32,250 Balance € m 21 4 10 20 21 133 107 175 258 396 712 916 420 180 89 3,462 Number 2010 Impaired residential mortgage portfolio Balance € m - - - - - 2 2 7 7 14 36 38 9 1 - 1 - - - - 67 25 61 69 136 196 234 54 11 1 855 116 129 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk (continued) Credit ratings of total loans and receivables to customers Internal credit ratings Ratings profiles The Group uses various rating tools in managing its credit risk. Each rating tool has up to 11 rating/grading points, each point or grade in turn has its own ascribed Probability of Default (“PD”), which differentiates the risk associated with the borrowers under each grade. Rating tools are designed to ensure they are suitable for the type of borrowers being rated and hence can have different PD bands or scales. Hence a rating tool being used to grade credit card borrowers will have a higher average PD than a tool being used to rate commercial borrowers and will have different PDs attached to individual grading points. To facilitate the aggregation of these individual tools for reporting purposes the Group uses a Reporting masterscale which has 13 points, each with its own PD. The PD range for the full masterscale is 0% to 100% (where 100% indicates a borrower who is in default). The reporting masterscale in itself is not a rating tool and is not used in decision making or in the ongoing management of loans. It facilitates mapping of the individual rating tools purely by PD. The role of rating tools is outlined in the Risk Management section of this report (see Risk Identification and Assessment and Risk Management and Mitigation) and highlights the role of rating tools in identifying and managing loans including those of lower quality. These lower quality loans are referred to as Criticised loans and while identifiable within their own rating models can be spread across different ranges in the reporting masterscale as they carry different PDs. Criticised loans are profiled in detail on pages 91 and 107 of this report. For reporting purposes Loans and Receivables to customers are categorised into Neither Past due nor impaired, Past Due but not impaired and Impaired. Neither Past due nor impaired applies to those loans that are neither Past due nor Impaired. Past due but not impaired are defined as follows: When a borrower fails to make a contractually due payment, a loan is deemed to be past due. Past due days is a term used to describe the cumulative number of days a missed payment is overdue. When a loan or exposure is past due, the entire exposure is reported as past due, not just the amount of any excess or arrears. Impaired loans are defined as follows: A loan is impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the assets (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact such that the present value of future cash flows is less than the current carrying value of the financial asset or group of assets and requires an impairment provision to be recognised in the income statement. Loans that are Neither Past due nor impaired are further classified into “Strong, Satisfactory and Higher Risk”, and a description of each category is as follows: Grades 1 – 3 (Strong) typically includes strong corporate and commercial lending combined with elements of the retail portfolios and residential mortgages. Grades 4 – 10 (Satisfactory) typically includes new business written and existing satisfactorily performing exposures across all portfolios. The lower end of this category includes a portion of the Group’s criticised loans (i.e. loans requiring additional management attention over and above that normally required for the loan type) that are neither past due nor impaired. Grades 11 – 13 (Higher Risk) contains the remainder of the Group’s criticised loans that are neither past due nor impaired, together with loans written at a high PD where there is a commensurate higher margin for the risk taken. Loans and receivables to customers Lending classifications: Corporate/commercial includes loans to corporate and larger commercial enterprises processed through one of the Group’s corporate/commercial rating tools, where the exposure is typically greater than € 300,000. Residential mortgages includes loans for the purchase of residential properties processed through the Group’s residential mortgage rating tools. In some circumstances, residential mortgage exposures can be processed through the Group’s Corporate and Commercial rating tools (e.g. where a borrower has more than five investment properties). Other includes loans to SMEs and individuals. In some cases, behaviour scoring and credit scoring methodologies are used. The tables for Internal credit ratings - total loans and receivables to customers are shown on the following pages. 130 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € 5 1 r o f s t e s s a ) 2 ( 3 0 3 0 4 1 , 1 7 2 6 1 , 1 5 9 1 , 1 - ) 2 ( ) 9 ( 4 8 1 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 6 1 2 , 2 1 4 0 5 , 5 4 4 7 1 , 0 1 4 9 8 , 7 6 ) 1 ( 5 9 7 , 4 3 0 8 , 4 2 2 9 4 , 7 9 ) 3 2 1 ( 3 0 1 ) 2 3 9 , 4 1 ( 0 4 5 , 2 8 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - m € m € l a t o T s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F m € m € 1 4 0 , 1 9 1 0 , 3 1 6 3 , 1 1 2 4 , 5 4 8 4 9 7 3 , 1 4 8 2 , 7 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e R l a i c r e m m o C / e t a r o p r o C - 1 4 - 2 1 4 2 1 5 5 - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 5 1 , 9 3 1 5 , 2 2 5 4 2 , 4 1 1 9 , 5 3 1 9 1 , 2 1 7 5 , 5 3 7 6 , 3 4 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € 5 1 r o f s t e s s a 9 9 0 , 1 7 1 2 1 , 1 - 8 1 9 3 1 , 1 - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 2 2 0 , 2 2 7 9 , 9 1 8 6 5 , 4 2 6 5 , 6 2 0 2 1 , 2 3 5 8 , 7 1 5 3 5 , 6 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a M 3 o t 1 0 1 o t 4 3 1 o t 1 1 d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a P d e r i a p m I e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s t s o c d e r r e f e D s n o i s i v o r P l a t o T . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 7 3 3 , 3 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 2 9 3 , 1 € , 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 6 6 € , t n u o m a s i h t . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 1 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 2 € , 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r l i N , t n u o m a s i h t f f O ) 1 ( O ) 2 ( s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 131 ) d e u n i t n o c ( s r e m o t s u c o t l s e b a v e c e r i d n a s n a o l l a t o t f o s g n i t a r t i d e r C - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 * s s a l c t e s s a y b s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 - 4 4 - 4 4 ) 3 ( 3 7 2 4 7 - ) 2 1 ( 2 6 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T 7 m € 0 8 8 5 4 4 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 9 0 7 , 6 1 5 0 8 , 0 5 7 9 7 , 8 ) 2 ( 5 7 1 1 4 7 ) 1 ( 9 7 3 , 5 4 1 1 , 2 1 2 3 3 , 1 1 1 3 , 6 7 - ) 7 6 1 ( 8 4 2 , 2 4 0 8 , 3 9 ) 9 2 3 ( ) 7 8 2 , 7 ( 9 1 9 , 1 0 5 3 , 6 8 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f r e h t O s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 6 5 1 , 1 7 0 4 , 3 5 5 5 , 1 8 1 1 , 6 9 1 7 0 6 1 , 1 7 9 9 , 7 s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e R l a i c r e m m o C / e t a r o p r o C s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - 4 4 - 4 4 3 7 2 4 7 7 5 5 7 1 0 1 0 3 7 5 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 8 3 6 , 2 1 1 7 8 , 2 1 6 3 4 , 1 9 3 8 5 4 9 , 6 2 3 1 3 , 1 7 9 0 , 9 2 - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - m € 3 6 8 9 3 4 4 6 1 0 1 7 2 0 3 , 1 6 7 1 , 2 m € 5 1 9 , 2 7 2 5 , 4 3 6 0 8 , 5 8 4 2 , 3 4 7 4 3 , 3 5 1 1 , 0 1 0 1 7 , 6 5 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a M 3 o t 1 0 1 o t 4 3 1 o t 1 1 d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a P d e r i a p m I e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s n o i s i v o r P l a t o T . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 6 8 4 , 3 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 8 9 7 , 1 € , 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 5 9 € , t n u o m a s i h t . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 6 5 1 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 9 1 € , 3 . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r l i N d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 3 € , 3 - - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r l i N , t n u o m a s i h t 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r l i N , t n u o m a s i h t f f f O ) 1 ( O ) 2 ( O ) 3 ( s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * ) d e u n i t n o c ( s r e m o t s u c o t l s e b a v e c e r i d n a s n a o l l a t o t f o s g n i t a r t i d e r C - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 ) d e u n i t n o c ( * s s a l c t e s s a y b s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 132 3.1 Credit risk - Credit ratings of total loans and receivables to customers (continued) External credit ratings* The external ratings profiles of loans and receivables to banks, NAMA senior bonds, trading portfolio financial assets (excluding equity securities), financial investments available for sale (excluding equity shares) and are as follows: Group AAA/AA A BBB+/BBB/BBB- Sub investment Unrated Total Group AAA/AA A BBB+/BBB/BBB- Sub investment Unrated Total Bank € m 2,741 3,073 3,170 175 96 9,255 Bank € m 3,708 2,685 1,811 134 13 8,351 Corporate € m Sovereign € m 3,966 175 25,185(1) 48 - - 14 77 150 160 401 Other € m 1,468 171 35 68 1 2011 Total € m 8,175 3,433 28,467 441 257 29,374 1,743 40,773 Corporate € m Sovereign € m 3 23 176 249 197 648 5,604 1,013 12,235 36 - 18,888 Other € m 3,249 122 45 39 12 3,467 2010 Total € m 12,564 3,843 14,267 458 222 31,354 (1)Includes NAMA senior bonds which do not have an external credit rating and to which the Group has attributed a rating of BBB+ i.e. the external rating of the Sovereign. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 133 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk (continued) Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries Loan and receivables to customers portfolio by geography and industry sector* The credit portfolio is diversified within each of its geographic markets (Ireland, United Kingdom, United States) by spread of locations, industry classification and individual customer. Other than construction and property in Ireland (17.5%) and residential mortgages in Ireland (42.4%), as at 31 December 2011 no one industry, or loan category, in any geographic market accounts for more than 10% of AIB Group’s total loan portfolio. The following table shows the loan and receivables to customers portfolio by geography and industry sector at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007 excluding in 2011, 2010 and 2009 those held for sale to NAMA. Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA are analysed on page 149. Included within continuing operations for 2010 is € 74 million in loans and receivables to customers relating to AmCredit that at the time were held within ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’. 2011 € m 2010 Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m 2009 2008 € m € m IRELAND Agriculture ...................................................... x1,810 Energy ............................................................ 431 Manufacturing ................................................ 1,563 Construction and property .............................. 17,222 Distribution .................................................... 6,391 Transport ........................................................ 614 Financial .......................................................... 1,048 Other services .................................................. 3,276 Personal - Home mortgages ............................ 41,847 - Other .............................................. 4,755 544 - Lease financing ................................................ Guaranteed by Irish Government .................... 79,501 UNITED KINGDOM 58 Agriculture ...................................................... 250 Energy ............................................................ Manufacturing.................................................. 486 Construction and property .............................. 6,938 Distribution...................................................... 2,109 683 Transport.......................................................... Financial .......................................................... 320 Other services .................................................. 3,474 Personal - Home mortgages ............................ 3,325 566 - Other .............................................. - Lease financing ................................................ 1,939 686 2,617 17,246 7,626 809 1,368 4,080 27,290 5,349 764 - 69,774 67 304 843 7,430 2,439 749 525 4,523 3,534 672 8 ........................................................................ 18,209 21,094 UNITED STATES Agriculture ................................................................- Energy......................................................................41 Manufacturing ..........................................................12 Construction and property......................................218 Distribution...................................................... 14 Transport ..................................................................32 Financial ....................................................................- 271 Other services .................................................. - 201 60 732 122 73 29 751 .......................................................... 588 1,968 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 134 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,015 844 3,108 15,930 8,182 979 1,403 4,700 27,818 6,242 922 - 72,143 120 292 1,193 7,068 2,639 601 696 4,936 3,635 861 48 22,089 3 435 161 904 162 69 54 753 2,541 2,217 992 3,801 33,290 9,364 1,016 1,549 5,422 26,546 7,357 1,107 1 92,662 149 372 1,348 10,312 2,615 647 826 5,356 3,629 757 61 26,072 6 614 260 1,090 209 76 146 977 3,378 2007 € m 1,956 923 3,212 29,973 8,704 1,150 1,472 5,393 24,507 7,862 1,148 6 86,306 160 344 1,415 13,506 3,004 628 1,223 5,655 4,554 1,394 115 31,998 4 457 213 565 119 24 330 872 2,584 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Loan and receivables to customers portfolio by geography and industry sector* (continued) 2011 € m 2010 Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m POLAND Agriculture ...................................................... Energy ............................................................ Manufacturing.................................................. Construction and property .............................. Distribution...................................................... Transport.......................................................... Financial .......................................................... Other services .................................................. Personal - Home mortgages ............................ - Other .............................................. Lease financing ................................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - REST OF WORLD ...................................... 389 Total loans to customers ....................................98,687(1) Unearned income ............................................ (125) Deferred costs .................................................. 103 Provisions for impairment ................................(14,941) Total loans and receivables 83,724 1,042 93,878 (167) - (7,299) 86,412 133 70 978 2,542 837 81 125 318 1,821 1,051 685 8,641 - 8,641 (67) - (344) 8,230 2009 2008 2007 € m € m 126 86 1,024 2,852 804 83 143 322 1,538 1,039 711 8,728 1,106 165 76 1,145 2,760 790 100 237 461 1,352 857 745 8,688 1,363 € m 183 77 999 1,857 675 91 117 416 1,040 643 737 6,835 993 106,607 (279) - (2,987) 132,163 (382) - (2,292) 128,716 (371) - (742) 103,341 129,489 127,603 (1)Includes € 1,195 million in loans and receivables to customers that relate to ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 135 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Percentages of loans to customers by geography and industry sector The following table shows the percentages of loans to customers by geography and industry sector at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, excluding in 2011, 2010 and 2009 those held for sale to NAMA but including, in 2010, those within disposal groups and non-currents assets held for sale, that were not classified as discontinued operations (0.1%, Rest of World). 2010 Continuing operations % 2010 Discontinued operations % IRELAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing UNITED KINGDOM Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing x UNITED STATES Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services POLAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing 2011 % 1.8 0.4 1.6 17.5 6.5 0.6 1.1 3.3 42.4 4.8 0.6 80.6 0.1 0.3 x0.5 7.0 2.1 0.7 0.3 3.5 3.4 0.6 - 18.5 - - 0.2 - - - 0.3 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9 0.7 2.6 16.8 7.4 0.8 1.3 4.0 26.6 5.2 0.7 68.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 7.3 2.4 0.7 0.5 4.4 3.4 0.7 - 20.6 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 - 0.7 1.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - REST OF WORLD 136 Total loans 0.4 100.0 1.0 91.5 2009 2008 2007 % 1.9 0.8 2.9 14.9 7.7 0.9 1.3 4.4 26.1 5.9 0.9 67.7 0.1 0.3 1.1 6.6 2.5 0.6 0.7 4.6 3.4 0.8 - % 1.7 0.7 2.9 25.2 7.1 0.8 1.1 4.1 20.1 5.6 0.8 70.1 0.1 0.3 1.0 7.8 2.0 0.5 0.6 4.0 2.7 0.6 0.1 20.7 19.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.4 0.1 0.1 1.0 2.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.7 8.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 2.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 6.6 1.0 % 1.5 0.7 2.5 23.3 6.8 0.9 1.1 4.2 19.0 6.1 0.9 67.0 0.1 0.3 1.1 10.5 2.3 0.5 1.0 4.4 3.5 1.1 0.1 24.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 - 0.3 0.7 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.6 5.3 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.1 1.0 2.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.8 1.0 0.7 8.5 - 8.5 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Risk elements in lending The Group’s loan control and review procedures generally do not include the classification of loans as non-accrual, accruing past due, restructured and potential problem loans, as defined by the SEC. Management has, however, set out in the following table the amount of loans, (including, in the case of 2011, 2010 and 2009, those held for sale to NAMA and in 2010 those within discontinued operations)(2), at 31 December, without giving effect to available security and before deduction of provisions, using the SEC’s classification: Loans accounted for on non-accrual basis(1) Ireland........................................................ United Kingdom........................................ United States ............................................ Poland(2)...................................................... Rest of World ............................................ Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest Ireland........................................................ United Kingdom........................................ United States ............................................ Poland(2)...................................................... .................................................................. Restructured loans not included above(3) ................ Other real estate and other assets owned ................ 2011 € m 21,047 3,725 49 - 12 24,833 x1,371 74 - - 1,445 75 17 2010 € m 10,215 2,524 75 587 x68 13,469 1,768 x59 29 x3 x1,859 233 12 2009 € m 14,922 1,944 x42 x477 68 17,453 815 83 x- 4 902 140 10 2008 € m 1,972 689 61 250 19 2,991 153 117 13 1 284 - - 2007 € m 531 331 - 187 - 1,049 48 46 - 13 107 - - (1)These figures represent AIB’s impaired loans before provisions. Total interest income that would have been recorded during the year ended 31 December 2011 had interest on gross impaired loans been included in income amounted to € 528 million (2010: € 462 million; 2009: € 235 million; 2008: € 109 million; 2007: € 60 million; 2006: € 47 million) - € 456 million for Ireland, € 61 million for the United Kingdom, United States € 1 million, € 9 million for Poland and Rest of World € 1 million. Of the total figure of € 528 million above, € 236 million (2010: € 296 million; 2009: € 172 million; 2008: € 45 million; 2007: € 21 million) was included in income for the year ended 31 December 2011 for interest on impaired loans (net of provisions). (2)For 2010, Poland is classified as a discontinued operation. (3)AIB does not normally restructure loans at concessionary interest rates or restructure on uncommercial terms. In circumstances where it does enter into such arrangements these loans are classified as impaired and hence included in the table above. In certain circumstances, as part of a loan restructure, AIB will convert debt to equity and if the recapitalised borrower is viable will reclassify the debt as performing. The value of equity held in the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2011 from such transactions was € 6 million (2010: € 48 million) and the amount of debt resulting from such transactions and held in performing grades was € 33 million. AIB Group generally expects that loans, where known information about possible credit problems causes management to have serious doubt as to the ability of borrowers to comply with loan repayment terms, would be included under its definition of impaired loans and would therefore have been reported in the above table. In AIB Group, loans are typically reported as impaired when interest thereon is 90 days or more past due or where a provision exists in anticipation of loss, except: (i) where there is sufficient evidence that repayment in full, including all interest up to the time of repayment (including costs) will be made within a reasonable and identifiable time period, either from realisation of security, refinancing commitment or other sources; or (ii) where there is independent evidence that the balance due, including interest, is adequately secured. Upon impairment the accrual of interest income based on the original terms of the claim is discontinued but the increase of the present value of impaired claims due to the passage of time is reported as interest income. 137 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Impaired loans to customers* The following table presents an analysis of AIB Group’s impaired loans to customers at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007. Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA are analysed on page 149. 2011 € m 2010 Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m 2009 2008 2007 € m € m IRELAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing UNITED KINGDOM Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other UNITED STATES Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Other services POLAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services .................................................. Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing 299 34 303 9,467 2,499 113 168 628 6,138 1,253 145 21,047 11 1 132 2,389 557 14 23 323 193 82 3,725 3 1 43 2 - - 49 - - - - - - - - - - - - 193 7 293 5,510 1,505 77 61 384 1,013 777 135 9,955 10 - 75 1,408 240 2 15 117 115 61 2,043 1 - 40 22 12 - 75 - - - - - - - - - - - - REST OF WORLD TOTAL 12 24,833 68 12,141 138 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 1 62 264 57 15 2 23 19 97 35 587 - 587 105 11 134 2,275 x846 34 x70 206 475 x556 96 4,808 4 2 66 x449 229 x2 85 168 x56 x40 1,101 x- 11 8 - - 23 042 x10 x2 x74 194 x52 8 1 13 13 75 35 477 68 6,496 47 10 71 1,148 147 11 17 65 163 257 36 1,972 2 - 33 432 89 2 3 53 53 22 689 32 17 12 - - - 61 39 - 46 61 30 3 - 7 11 36 17 250 19 2,991 187 - 1,049 € m 23 3 17 125 109 12 2 36 53 135 16 531 1 - 43 108 51 6 3 50 34 35 331 - - - - - - - 47 - 31 32 29 2 1 7 11 19 8 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) 2011 Impaired Loans - Continuing operations The following commentary includes loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within disposal groups and non current assets held for sale. It also includes the EBS which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011). Group impaired loans were € 24,833 million at 31 December 2011 and now represent 25% of loans and receivables. In Ireland, impaired loans were € 21,047 million representing 27% of total group loans and receivables up from € 9,955 million at December 2010. € 3,544 million of this increase relates to residential mortgage and property investment loans in the EBS which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011. The underlying increase in AIB impaired loans in the year was € 7,548 million and reflects the impact the continuing difficult economic environment in Ireland with rising unemployment, a lack of activity in the property/ housing sectors and reduced consumer spending is having on borrowers in most sectors, particularly the following: property (up € 3,416 million), distribution (hotels, licensed premises, retail) (up € 994 million) and residential mortgage (up € 2,122 million). In the United Kingdom, impaired loans increased by € 1,682 million to € 3,725 million primarily in the following sectors; property (up € 981 million), distribution (up € 317 million), other services (up € 206 million) and residential mortgages (up € 78 million). Impaired loans in the United States were € 49 million down on the 2010 level of € 75 million and are related to borrowers in the property sector. The reduction is primarily due to the write-off and sale of certain assets. Impaired loans in the Rest of World were € 12 million down from € 68 million in 2010 and relate to residential mortgages in AmCredit. The reduction is largely due to the sale of portfolios in AmCredit and other loan portfolios in the CICB market segment. 2010 Impaired Loans - Continuing operations Group impaired loans for continuing operations increased by € 6,095 million to € 12,114 million in the year to 31 December 2010 and now represent 12.9% of loans up from 6.1% at 31 December 2009. In Ireland, impaired loans increased by € 5,147 million to € 9,955 million and as a percentage of advances have increased to 14.3% from 6.7% at 31 December 2009. 96.8% of the increase in impaired loans related to the AIB Bank ROI division where borrowers continue to be impacted by the lack of activity in the property and housing sectors, increased unemployment which is reflected in a higher level of mortgage impaired loans and a general decline in consumer spending which affects sectors such as distribution (hotels, licensed premises, retail). Impaired loans in Capital Markets division also increased in the period by € 164 million particularly in the manufacturing and other services sectors. Impaired loans in the United Kingdom increased by € 942 million in the year to 31 December 2010 to € 2,043 million and as a percentage of advances have increased to 9.7% from 5.0% at 31 December 2009. In Capital Markets division impaired loans decreased by € 23 million to € 166 million and reflect decreases in the manufacturing and financial sectors offset by additional impaired loans in the distribution and property sectors. In AIB UK division, impaired loans increased by € 965 million largely in the property (up € 936 million) and residential mortgage (up € 59 million) sectors. Impaired loans in the United States increased by € 33 million reflecting new impaired loans in Capital Markets division in the construction and property, energy distribution and transport sectors € 67 million offset by reductions in the other services and manufacturing sectors of € 34 million. Impaired loans in the Rest of World were € 41 million largely in the property and construction and other services sectors in Capital Markets division. Impaired Loans – Discontinued operations In Poland, impaired loans have increased by € 110 million in the year to 31 December 2010 and now represent 6.8% of loans and receivables up from 5.5% at 31 December 2009 primarily in the property and SME sectors. 139 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Provisions for impairment (banks and customers)* The following table presents an analysis of AIB Group’s provisions for impairment (both to banks and customers) at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007. Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA are analysed separately on page 150. IRELAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services .................................................. Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing UNITED KINGDOM Agriculture Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other UNITED STATES Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Other services Distribution Transport POLAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing REST OF WORLD TOTAL SPECIFIC PROVISIONS TOTAL IBNR PROVISIONS TOTAL PROVISIONS 2011 € m 192 25 184 5,332 1,442 78 137 387 1,718 854 121 10,470 7 66 1,130 256 12 9 180 67 50 1,777 3 1 7 - - - 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 12,261 2,684 14,945 140 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 2010 Continuing operations € m 2010 Discontinued operations € m 100 5 128 2,310 678 44 49 200 212 479 109 4,314 5 30 525 121 1 3 49 30 35 799 - - 14 - 2 6 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 5,158 2,145 7,303 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1 29 68 28 7 1 13 8 77 20 259 - 259 85 344 2009 2008 € m 44 4 58 557 286 20 53 90 81 302 67 1,562 1 29 178 88 2 35 61 16 24 434 - - 2 4 - - 6 7 1 24 45 23 4 1 8 6 58 11 188 24 2,214 777 2,991 € m 19 8 35 398 57 8 10 34 32 136 25 762 - 13 134 37 1 2 21 3 17 228 4 4 4 - - - 12 - - - - - - - 101 32 - 6 139 7 1,148 1,146 2,294 2007 € m 16 3 11 54 48 8 1 22 12 97 12 284 1 36 24 20 2 1 16 3 15 118 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 98 22 - 4 124 - 526 218 744 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Movements in provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale) Total provisions at beginning of period .............. Transfers out ...................................................... Acquisition of subsidiaries .................................. Disposal of subsidiaries ........................................ Transferred to NAMA ........................................ Exchange translation adjustments ........................ Recoveries of provisions previously charged off .................................................. .............................................................. Amounts charged off Ireland ........................................................ United Kingdom ........................................ United States ............................................ Poland ........................................................ Rest of World .............................................. Net provision movement(1) Ireland United Kingdom United States Poland Rest of World .............................................. Recoveries of provisions previously charged off(1) Ireland .......................................................... United Kingdom ............................................ United States ................................................ Poland ............................................................ 2011 € m 7,976 - 738 (360) (570) 74 4 7,862 (481) (253) (37) (2) (29) (802) 6,457 1,371 25 24 12 7,889 (2) (2) - - (4) 2010 € m 7,156 (6) - - (4,569) 40 48 2,669 (490) (236) (20) (52) (15) (813) 5,312 705 30 110 11 6,168 (3) (39) (1) (5) (48) 2009 € m 2,294 (10) - - - 31 6 2,321 (287) (149) (15) (57) (12) (520) 4,671 530 10 117 33 5,361 (1) (1) - (4) (6) Total provisions at end of period 14,945 7,976 7,156 Provisions at end of period Specific........................................................ IBNR ........................................................ .............................................................. Amounts include: Loans and receivables to banks .................... Loans and receivables to customers .............. Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA Loans and receivables of discontinued operations Loans and receivables of disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale .............. .............................................................. 12,261 2,684 14,945 4 14,932 - - 9 14,945 5,646 2,330 7,976 4 7,287 329 344 12 7,976 5,798 1,358 7,156 4 2,987 4,165 - - 7,156 Years ended 31 December 2007 € m 2008 € m 744 - - - - (117) 11 638 (68) (78) (1) (19) - (166) 1,348 363 12 101 9 1,833 (7) (1) - (3) (11) 2,294 1,148 1,146 2,294 2 2,292 - - - 2,294 707 - - - - (8) 13 712 (37) (13) - (24) - (74) 111 (1) - 9 - 119 (4) (2) - (7) (13) 744 526 218 744 2 742 - - - 744 (1)The aggregate of these sets of figures represents the total provisions for impairment charged to income. Commentary on the movements is detailed on page 139 (impaired loans), on pages 142 to 145 (provisions for impairment) and page 147 (net loans charged-off). 141 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within discontinued operations) The following table reconciles the total provisions for impairment charged to income for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007 as shown in (A), the table on page 141 relating to ‘Movements in provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within discontinued operations)’, with that shown in (B), AIB Group’s ‘Consolidated statement of income’. (A) Net provision movement Recoveries of loans previously charged off Total charged to income (B) Provisions for impairment 2011 € m x7,889 (4) x7,885 2010 € m 6,168 (48) 6,120 2009 € m 5,361 (6) 5,355 2008 € m 1,833 (11) 1,822 x7,885 6,120 5,355 1,822 2007 € m 119 (13) 106 106 The following table sets out the provisions charged to income and net loans charged off as a percentage of average loans for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007. The 2010 and 2009 figures include provisions for loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within discontinued operations. The 2011 figures includes provision for loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA. Total provisions charged to income ................ Net loans charged off ........................................ Commentary on provisions for impairment in 2011 2011 % 7.33 0.71 2010 % 4.97 0.62 2009 % 4.05 0.40 2008 % 1.37 0.12 2007 % 0.09 0.05 The following commentary includes provisions for loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within disposal groups and non current assets held for sale. It includes the provision for impairment raised in the EBS for the six months since it was acquired by AIB in July 2011). The provision for impairment for loans and receivables of € 7,885 million or 7.33% of average loans for the year ended 31 December 2011 was € 1,765 million higher than in 2010 (€ 6,120 million 4.97% of average loans) and was impacted by the continuing economic difficulties being experienced, particularly in Ireland. The 2011 provision included € 87 million relating to loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA compared with € 1,497 million in 2010. The remaining Non NAMA charge of € 7,798 million (7.32% of average advances) has increased by € 3,175 million since December 2010 and comprised € 7,619 million in specific provisions (2010: € 3,318 million) and € 179 million in IBNR provisions (2010: € 1,305 million). 77% of the increase in provisions related to business in Ireland with a further 25% in the UK. Ireland The provision for impairment of € 6,455 million included a charge of € 36 million relating to loans held for sale to NAMA. The non-NAMA charge was € 6,419 million and included a specific charge of € 6,479 million and a write-back of IBNR of € 60 million.The charge was split € 1,426 million relating to PBB, € 4,670 million for CICB and € 323 million for EBS (for six months to December 2011). Included in the PBB charge of € 1,426 million was a specific provision charge of € 936 million, with € 392 million or 42% relating to residential mortgage loans reflecting the increased level of arrears due to pressure on borrowers caused by unemployment and reduced incomes. A further € 166 million (18%) of the specific charge related to loans in the property sector, influenced by a continued lack of activity in that sector. € 184 million or 20% of the specific charge was for consumer loans and the remaining € 194 million related to SME/commercial loans. There was an IBNR provision of € 490 million raised in 2011. € 311 million of this charge was allocated to the residential mortgage portfolio based on the increasing arrears profile and a large proportion was set aside for non-impaired forbearance cases. The IBNR provision charge has been allocated to the following portfolios: € 311 million to residential mortgages (statement of financial position of € 527 million), which reflects recent provision experience, the level of arrears 142 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) (including 90+ days past due but not impaired), the level of requests for forbearance and level of vulnerable loans (i.e. one notch above impaired). € 179 million of the provision charge has been allocated to non-mortgage portfolios (statement of financial position of € 390 million), mostly in the distribution sector (includes hotels, licensed premises, retail). The non Nama provision for impairment in CICB market segment of € 4,670 million included a specific charge of € 5,071 million, and a write-back of IBNR provision of € 401 million. While there have been increased provision charges across most sectors, the key elements of the non NAMA specific provision charge related to (i) property loans, where the charge was € 2,933 million or 58% of the specific charge reflecting the impact of the continuing lack of activity in this sector, (ii) € 822 million or 16% related to the distribution sector which has been affected by reduced consumer spending and € 515 million or 10% related to buy-to-let mortgages influenced by pressure on sponsor affordability and further declines in house prices. The IBNR provision of € 401 million reflected the write-back of IBNR provisions which had been raised at year end December 2010 based on the level of requests for restructure and the uncertainty over true peak to trough asset price declines which have now been reflected in specific provisions, offset by the raising of IBNR provisions based on management’s view of incurred loss in the portfolio at the reporting date. The IBNR stock of provisions (statement of financial position) of € 1,110 million is based on management’s estimate of incurred loss in the book. € 714 million of the statement of financial position has been allocated to the property portfolio which reflects the impact of continued pressure on rental cash flows and uncertainty over the timing of a recovery in this sector. € 136 million has been allocated to the residential mortgage portfolio based on recent provision experience and heightened levels of forbearance requests. The remaining € 260 million has been allocated to SME/commercial portfolios which have been impacted by reduced consumer demand as a result of continued high unemployment and lower disposable incomes. The provision for impairment in the EBS for the six months to 31 December 2011 was € 323 million of which 94% related to residential mortgages in Ireland.The statement of financial position provisions amounted to € 209 million in relation to property loans and € 740 million for residential mortgages reflecting the pressure on affordability resulting in higher levels of arrears. United Kingdom The provision for impairment in the UK was € 1,369 million and included a provision of € 51 million relating to loans held for sale to NAMA compared with € 152 million in 2010. The non-NAMA charge of € 1,318 million included € 1,087 million relating to AIB UK and € 231 million relating to CICB customers. In AIB UK, € 646 million or 59% of the charge related to borrowers in the property sector reflecting the continued pressure on this sector, particularly in the land and development sub-sector. € 212 million of the AIB UK charge was in IBNR provisions which included provisions raised in respect of management’s view of impairment in the ‘low start’ mortgage and land & development property exposures in FTB and interest only Property and Business loans in GB. The levels of mortgages in forbearance and 90 days past due but not impaired were also taken into consideration when determining the appropriate level of IBNR stock.The statement of financial position IBNR provisions was € 427 million at 31 December 2011 and was allocated to the following portfolios: € 207 million to the property portfolio, € 100 million in relation to the residential mortgage portfolio and € 120 million to other SME/commercial and consumer portfolios. The charge in CICB of € 231 million related primarily to large corporates in the manufacturing, property, distribution, and other services sectors and the statement of financial position was € 30 million across these sectors. United States The provision for impairment decreased compared with 2010 by € 4 million to € 25 million and relate to loans predominantly in the property sector (62%) with provisions also in the energy, manufacturing, distribution and other services sectors impacted by a reducing book. Rest of World The provision of € 12 million relates to loans in the property and other services sectors in the CICB market segment. Disposal Groups The impairment charge was € 24 million which related to the provision for 3 months to March 2011 in the BZWBK business. 143 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Commentary on provision for impairment in 2010 The following commentary includes provisions for loans and receivables including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within discontinued operations. The provision for impairment for loans and receivables of € 6,120 million (4.97% of average advances) for the year ended 31 December 2010 was € 770 million higher than in 2009 (€ 5,350 million, 4.05% of average loans excluding € 5 million provision for impairment for loans and receivables to banks). The level of provisions reflects the impact of the continuing economic difficulties across our markets but particularly in Ireland where property markets remain depressed and unemployment is increasing. The 2010 provision included € 1,497 million in relation to assets held for sale to NAMA and € 4,623 million for non-NAMA advances. The non-NAMA charge of € 4,623 million compared with € 1,977 million at December 2009 and included € 3,318 million of specific provisions (2009: € 1,809 million) and € 1,305 million in IBNR (2009: € 168 million). The increase in specific provisions was largely experienced in AIB Bank ROI and AIB UK divisions with the property construction and residential mortgage portfolios being worst impacted. The increase in IBNR provisions of € 1,137 million reflects management’s view of the heightened level of incurred loss in the book and the impact of the much changed economic situation, particularly in Ireland. Ireland The provision for impairment of € 5,309 million included a charge of € 1,339 million for loans held for sale to NAMA and € 3,970 million for non-NAMA loans and receivables to customers (December 2009: € 3,205 million and € 1,460 million respectively excluding € 5 million provision for impairment for loans and receivables to banks). The provision for non-NAMA loans of € 3,970 million related primarily to AIB Bank ROI where the provision of € 3,749 million (specific provisions: € 2,544 million and IBNR provisions:€ 1,205 million) accounted for 94.4% of the total non-NAMA charge. The increase in AIB Bank ROI’s non-NAMA charge was € 2,491 million (Specific provisions: € 1,413 million, and IBNR provisions: € 1,078 million) with increases evident across most sectors. However, the most significant increased charges were for loans in the property and construction sector, up € 1.6 billion to € 2,109 million and residential mortgages, up € 0.3 billion to € 448 million, largely as a result of the continued lack of construction activity and increased unemployment during 2010. The charge of € 1,205 million in IBNR income statement provisions in AIB Bank ROI had the impact of increasing its statement of financial position IBNR provisions to € 1,842 million. In considering the appropriate level of IBNR, the Group has taken into account the credit risk profile of the portfolio, particularly the level of arrears and 90+ days past due but not impaired loans. Specific provision experience, particularly the most recent experience is considered, as historic average loss rates are deemed to be unrepresentative of the incurred loss in the non impaired book. The IBNR provision charge has been allocated to the following portfolios; € 312 million to residential mortgages (statement of financial position of € 368 million) which reflects recent provision experience, the level of arrears, the level of requests for restructure and uncertainty over true peak to trough asset price declines. The Group also took into consideration the levels of interest only mortgages in the portfolio and their maturity profile. € 666 million has been allocated to the property portfolio (statement of financial position of € 1,063 million) which reflects the impact of further pressure on asset prices and rental cash flow and uncertainty over the timing of a general recovery in demand for commercial property assets including land. € 172 million has been allocated to the SME/commercial portfolio (statement of financial position of € 311 million) which again is influenced by recent provision experience, declining consumer demand and capital spending. € 55 million has been allocated to other personal debt (statement of financial position of € 99 million) which is influenced by provision experience, arrears profiles and concern over unemployment and income levels. These factors have been considered together, rather than in isolation, and with an overlay of management judgement have resulted in the overall IBNR charge mentioned above. The non-NAMA provision charge in the Capital Markets division at € 221 million was up by € 19 million on December 2009, primarily in IBNR provisions which have been influenced by the increased specific provisioning experience in the latter part of 2010. United Kingdom The provision for impairment increased by € 137 million to € 666 million at December 2010. The provision in AIB UK increased by € 192 million in the year to € 587 million of which € 152 million related to loans held for sale to NAMA (December 2009: € 166 million). The increased charge for non-NAMA loans and receivables to customers related in the main to loans in the property and construction and residential mortgage sectors influenced by continued problems in the property market and rising unemployment, particularly in Northern Ireland. The IBNR element of the AIB UK charge was € 59 million bringing the total stock of IBNR provisions to € 197 million. Influencing the Group’s view of appropriate levels of IBNR provisions were a combination of several key factors which included, the most recent specific provision experience, property asset prices and the time it will take for normal markets for those assets to resume and the repayment profile of residential mortgages. There was a decrease of € 59 million in 144 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Commentary on provision for impairment in 2010 the non-NAMA provision charge in the Capital Markets division primarily in the property sector influenced by a provision recovery of € 38 million and lower charges in relation to the distribution and other services sectors in particular which are down on 2009 by € 41 million and € 16 million respectively offset by an increase in transport of € 29 million and IBNR provisions of € 20 million. United States The provision increased from € 10 million at 31 December 2009 to € 29 million at 31 December 2010 and reflects problems with some loans in the transport, other services and property sectors in the Capital Markets division. Rest of World The provision of € 11 million at 31 December 2010 relates to loans in the property and other services sectors in the Capital Markets division. Discontinued operations Poland In 2010 the provision was € 105 million, a decrease of € 8 million on the 2009 charge, and largely reflects provisions raised for loans in the property and SME sectors. Additional information with respect to the provisions for impairment The following table presents additional information with respect to the statement of financial position provisions as at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007.The 2011, 2010 and 2009 figures include provisions for impairment of loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and the 2010 figure also includes provisions for loans and receivables included within discontinued operations. Provision as a percentage of total loans, less unearned income, at end of period Specific provisions .................................................. IBNR provisions .................................................... .............................................................................. Provisions are raised as outlined on pages 79 – 82. 2011 % 12.42 2.72 15.14 2010 % 5.40 2.23 7.63 2009 % 4.46 1.04 5.50 31 December 2007 % 2008 % 0.87 0.87 1.74 0.41 0.17 0.58 The increase in provisions from 7.63% to 15.14% reflects the impact that further property price reductions and rising unemployment, particularly in Ireland, is having on our borrower’s ability to repay facilities, resulting in higher levels of provisions. Specific provisions as a percentage of loans increased from 5.40% to 12.42% and are allocated to individual impaired loans (€ 24,833 million up from € 13,469 million for 2010). The IBNR provision as a percentage of loans increased from 2.23% to 2.72% at December 2011 reflecting management’s view of the incurred loss in the book at year end and is influenced by (i) the most recent provision experience for each pool; (ii) macro and sector economic factors at the reporting date; (iii) grade profiles and increased level of pre-imparied arrears and (iv) levels of non-impaired criticised loans and levels of requests for forbearance particularly in the residential mortgage portfolio in Ireland. 145 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Loans charged off and recoveries of previously charged off loans The following table presents an analysis of AIB Group’s loans charged off and recoveries of previously charged off loans for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007.This table includes loans and receivables to customers of continuing operations, loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA, and loans and receivables included within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale(1). Recoveries of loans previously charged off 2009 2010 € m € m 2008 € m 2007 € m 0.7 0.2 0.7 IRELAND Agriculture ............................................................ Energy ................................................................ 2011 € m 5.2 2.4 Loans charged off 2009 € m 2010 € m 2008 € m 8.2 1.3 1.7 8.1 Manufacturing........................................................ 64.9 31.7 38.3 Construction and property .................................... 152.3 202.2 135.6 Distribution ............................................................ 67.9 Transport................................................................ 2.7 Financial ................................................................ 23.1 Other services ........................................................ 48.0 Personal - Home mortgages .................................. 19.4 - Other .................................................... 91.4 3.8 Lease financing ...................................................... 58.0 5.2 31.0 35.5 24.2 (76.5 16.2 15.3 1.5 26.7 5.8 9.5 28.9 15.6 1.7 - 1.2 35.1 7.2 1.5 0.1 5.7 2.4 9.6 3.6 481.1 490.0 287.0 68.1 UNITED KINGDOM Agriculture ............................................................ 0.2 Energy ................................................................ - Manufacturing........................................................ 25.2 Construction and property .................................... 117.0 34.9 Distribution ............................................................ 0.3 Transport................................................................ 0.3 Financial ................................................................ 63.0 Other services ........................................................ 4.3 Personal - Home mortgages .................................. 7.3 - Other .................................................... 0.1 - 11.8 46.7 43.1 29.7 54.0 42.0 2.6 5.9 0.1 - 5.7 40.9 63.2 0.3 0.5 33.6 0.5 4.0 ............................................................ 57252.5 235.9 148.8 UNITED STATES Energy ................................................................ Manufacturing - 0.9 Construction and property .................................... 22.8 Distribution ............................................................ Transport................................................................ Other services ........................................................ 5.0 6.8 2.1 0.3 2.1 7.5 1.4 - 9.1 8.2 1.4 5.3 - - - 0.1 - 15.5 33.4 19.4 0.3 0.1 5.5 0.3 3.8 78.4 - - 0.9 - - - 2007 € m 1.4 - 1.7 5.1 3.8 0.8 0.1 2.8 0.9 16.2 3.7 36.5 0.1 - 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.2 6.6 - 3.2 13.0 - 0.3 - - - - 2011 € m 0.1 0.2 - - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 0.2 1.4 - - 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 - 0.6 2.0 0.2 - - - - - - - 0.1 - - - 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.3 2.5 - - - 37.9 0.3 - - 0.3 - 0.4 38.9 0.5 0.1 - - - - ................................................................ 37.6 20.4 14.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.6 - - - - - - - - 0.6 0.2 1.0 - - - - 0.2 - - 0.1 - 0.2 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 2.9 - 2.2 - 0.1 1.0 0.3 7.2 - - 0.2 0.1 0.1 - - 0.1 - 0.3 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9 - - 2.1 0.6 3.6 - 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 - - 0.1 - 0.3 1.7 - - - - - - - POLAND(1) .......................................................... 2.2 51.8 57.0 18.7 24.2 REST OF WORLD ............................................ 28.6 14.7 12.3 - - - - 5.5 4.1 2.9 7.3 0.3 - - - TOTAL ................................................................ 802.0 812.8 520.0 166.1 74.0 3.6 47.8 5.6 10.9 12.6 (1)For 2010, Poland is classified as a discontinued operation, all other amounts relate to continuing operations. 146 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Net loans charged-off 2011 The following commentary includes loans and receivables (including loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables included within disposal groups and non current assets held for sale. It also includes the EBS which was acquired by AIB on 1 July 2011). Group Net loans charged-off at 0.71% (€ 798 million) of average loans for the year to December 2011 compared with 0.62% or € 765 million at December 2010. Ireland – net loans charged-off were € 480 million and were split € 300 million in PBB and € 180 million in CICB market segments. 38% of the net charge-offs in PBB were related to the property sector. The other main sectors where net charge-offs occurred were the distribution, other services, residential mortgage and other personal sectors. In CICB the net-charge offs were spread across a number of sectors, primarily in manufacturing, property, distribution, financial and other services. United Kingdom – net loans charged-off were € 250 million, € 150 million of which related to the CICB market segment with the main net charge-offs occurring in the manufacturing, property, distribution, and other services sectors. In AIB UK, the net charge-offs were € 101 million mainly in the property, distribution and other services sectors. United States – net loans charged-off were € 37 million and mainly related to borrowers in the property sector. Rest of World – net loans charged-off were € 29 million with € 4 million relating to residential mortgages in Am Credit and the remaining arising in the other services sector. Disposal Groups – net loans charged-off were € 2 million in the lease financing sector. Net loans charged-off 2010 Group net loans charged-off at 0.62% (€ 765 million) of average loans for the year to December 2010 compared with 0.40% or € 514 million for 2009. Ireland – net loans charged-off of € 488 million increased by € 202 million compared with 2009. In AIB Bank ROI the net charge-offs of € 364 million related mainly to the property, distribution and personal sectors and in Capital Markets division net charge-offs of € 124 million were mainly in the property, financial, manufacturing and other services sectors. United Kingdom – net loans charged-off of € 197 million were € 49 million higher than in 2009 reflecting an increased level of charge-offs in AIB UK where net charge-offs were € 124 million mainly in the property and distribution sectors and in Capital Markets division where charge-offs were € 73 million (net of a provision recovery of € 38 million) in the manufacturing, transport, financial and other services sectors. United States – net loans charged-off were € 20 million in the year and relate mainly to loans in the property and other services sectors in our Capital Markets division. Rest of World – net loans charged off at € 14 million include € 9 million of residential mortgage charge-offs in AmCredit and charge offs in the manufacturing and distribution sectors in the Capital Markets division. Discontinued operations Poland – net loans charged-off at € 46 million were € 7 million less than in 2009 and occurred largely in the distribution, other personal and lease financing sectors. 147 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Analysis of loans and receivables to customers by contractual residual maturity and interest rate sensitivity The following tables analyse gross loans to customers by maturity and interest rate sensitivity. Overdrafts, which in the aggregate represent approximately 2% of the portfolio, are classified as repayable within one year. Approximately 10% of AIB Group’s loan portfolio is provided on a fixed rate basis. Fixed rate loans are defined as those loans for which the interest rate is fixed for the full term of the loan. The interest rate risk exposure is managed by Global Treasury within agreed policy parameters. The analysis of loans and receivables to customers for both NAMA and disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale are shown separately. Loans and receivables to customers Fixed rate € m Variable rate Total € m € m Ireland ......................................8,339 ..........70,631 ..........78,970 United Kingdom ......................1,157 ..........17,007 ..........18,164 United States ..................................49 ..............309 ..............358 Total loans by maturity 9,545 87,947 97,492 Fixed rate € m Variable rate € m Total € m Ireland 8,136 69,774 United Kingdom ........................2,430 ............18,664..............21,094 United States ................................169 ..............1,799 ..............1,968 Rest of World ................................82 ..................886 ..................968 61,638 Total loans by maturity 10,817 82,987 93,804 Fixed rate € m Variable rate € m Total € m 72,143 9,463 Ireland United Kingdom ..........................914 ............21,175..............22,089 United States ................................147 ..............2,394 ..............2,541 Poland(1) ......................................1,245 ..............7,483 ..............8,728 Rest of World ................................90 ..............1,016 ..............1,106 62,680 Total loans by maturity 11,859 94,748 106,607 (1)See discontinued operations (notes 18 and 72). Within 1 year € m 24,711 7,443 73 32,227 Within 1 year € m 20,490 7,580 740 295 29,105 Within 1 year € m 19,143 6,391 1,125 3,150 107 29,916 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 8,342 3,905 220 12,467 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 12,732 5,604 1,058 538 19,932 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 21,516 6,606 1,204 3,467 799 33,592 After 5 years € m 45,917 6,816 65 52,798 After 5 years € m 36,552 7,910 170 135 44,767 After 5 years € m 31,484 9,092 212 2,111 200 43,099 2011 Total € m 78,970 18,164 358 97,492 2010 Total € m 69,774 21,094 1,968 968 93,804 2009 Total € m 72,143 22,089 2,541 8,728 1,106 106,607 148 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Loans and receivables to customers Fixed rate € m Variable rate € m Total € m Ireland ......................................x8,245 x 84,417 ............92,662 United Kingdom ........................2,025 ............24,047..............26,072 United States ................................430 ..............2,948 ..............3,378 Poland(1) ......................................1,022 ..............7,666 ..............8,688 Rest of World ..................................8 ..............1,355 ..............1,363 Within 1 year € m 36,457 8,030 810 2,915 62 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 23,457 7,587 2,151 3,476 701 After 5 years € m 32,748 10,455 417 2,297 600 2008 Total € m 92,662 26,072 3,378 8,688 1,363 Total loans by maturity 11,730 120,433 132,163 48,274 37,372 46,517 132,163 Ireland Fixed rate € m 7,792 Variable rate € m 78,514 Total € m 86,306 United Kingdom ........................2,530 ............29,468..............31,998 United States ................................373 ..............2,211 ..............2,584 ........................................513 ..............6,322 ..............6,835 Poland(1) Rest of World ..................................3 ..................990 ..................993 Total loans by maturity 11,211 117,505 128,716 Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA Within 1 year € m 33,876 10,395 662 2,323 57 47,313 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 20,859 9,242 1,562 2,735 408 34,806 After 5 years € m 31,571 12,361 360 1,777 528 46,597 Fixed rate € m Variable rate Total Within 1 year € m € m € m After 1 year but within 5 years € m After 5 years € m - Ireland United Kingdom ..............................- ..................- ..................- United States ....................................- ..................- ..................- - - Total loans by maturity - - - Ireland Fixed rate € m 32 Variable rate € m 701 Total € m 733 United Kingdom ............................16 ..............1,499 ..............1,515 United States ....................................- ......................- ......................- Total loans by maturity 48 2,200 2,248 Fixed rate € m Variable rate € m Total € m Ireland ..........................................444 ............19,000..............19,444 United Kingdom ..............................- ..............3,722 ..............3,722 United States ....................................- ....................29 ....................29 Total loans by maturity 444 22,751 23,195 - - - - Within 1 year € m 568 1,038 - 1,606 Within 1 year € m 16,528 2,433 29 18,990 - - - - After 1 year but within 5 years € m 90 348 - 438 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 1,812 679 - 2,491 - - - - After 5 years € m 75 129 - 204 After 5 years € m 1,104 610 - 1,714 2007 Total € m 86,306 31,998 2,584 6,835 993 128,716 2011 Total € m - - - - 2010 Total € m 733 1,515 - 2,248 2009 Total € m 19,444 3,722 29 23,195 149 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Loans and receivables held within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Ireland United Kingdom Fixed rate € m - - Variable rate € m 531 45 Total € m 531 45 United States 230 Rest of World ..................................80 ..............309 ..............389 191 39 Total loans by maturity 119 1,076 1,195 Fixed rate € m Variable rate € m Total € m Poland ........................................1,209 ..............7,432 ..............8,641 Rest of World ....................................- ....................74 ....................74 Total loans by maturity 1,209 7,506 8,715 Analysis of loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA IRELAND Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other UNITED KINGDOM Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Loans and receivables € m - - - 567 43 1 - 27 86 8 - 3 15 Specific provisions for impairment € m - - - 38 8 - - 3 1 2 - - - Construction and property 1,351 176 Distribution Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other UNITED STATES Construction and property 92 27 17 - 11 - - - 1 - - - 2011 Total € m 531 45 230 389 1,195 2010 Total € m 8,641 74 8,715 2009 Impaired loans € m 15 23 10 9,684 228 - 1 33 17 103 - - - Within 1 year € m After 1 year but within 5 years € m 79 - 78 141 298 426 11 115 119 671 Within 1 year € m 3,155 - 3,155 After 1 year but within 5 years € m 3,334 - 3,334 After 5 years € m 26 34 37 129 226 After 5 years € m 2,152 74 2,226 2010 Impaired Loans € m - - - 167 36 - - 15 37 5 - - - 450 13 - 15 - 3 - Loans and receivables € m Specific provisions for impairment € m 24 64 37 18,055 602 19 16 200 138 289 1 4 16 5 8 3 3,245 79 - - 11 6 35 - - - 3,523 189 833 85 20 57 6 10 29 - 2 1 - - - - 3 6 - 1 - Total 2,248(1) 229(2) 741 23,195(1) 3,584(2) 10,957 150 (1)€ 1,919 million net of provisions of € 329 million (2009: € 19,030 million net of provisions of € 4,165 million). (2)Total provisions of € 329 million including IBNR of € 100 million (2009: total provisions of € 4,165 million including IBNR of € 581 million). 3.1 Credit risk - Analysis of credit risk - 5 year summaries (continued) Cross-border outstandings Cross-border outstandings, which exclude finance provided within AIB Group, are based on the country of domicile of the borrower and comprise placings with banks and money at call and short notice, loans to customers (including those classified as held for sale to NAMA and those held within discontinued operations), finance lease receivables and installment credit, acceptances and other monetary assets, including non-local currency claims of overseas offices on local residents. AIB Group monitors geographic breakdown based on the country of the borrower and the guarantor of ultimate risk. Cross-border outstandings exceeding 1% of total assets are shown in the following table. In addition, the Group’s exposure to certain other EU countries are shown at 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. 31 December 2011 United Kingdom.................................. United States........................................ France .................................................. Spain.................................................... Germany.............................................. Italy .................................................... Portugal .............................................. Greece ................................................ 31 December 2010 United Kingdom.................................. United States........................................ Spain.................................................... France .................................................. Germany.............................................. Italy .................................................... Portugal .............................................. Greece ................................................ 31 December 2009 United States........................................ United Kingdom.................................. Spain.................................................... France .................................................. Germany.............................................. Italy .................................................... Portugal .............................................. Greece ................................................ 31 December 2008 United Kingdom.................................. United States........................................ Germany.............................................. France .................................................. Spain.................................................... Italy .................................................... 31 December 2007 United Kingdom.................................. United States........................................ Germany.............................................. France .................................................. Spain.................................................... Australia .............................................. As % of total assets(1) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 5.7 3.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 4.7 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 5.1 5.0 2.2 1.6 2.5 1.1 3.5 4.8 2.1 2.1 2.9 1.2 Total € m 2,492 2,199 1,925 1,824 1,118 287 250 52 8,313 5,329 2,941 2,527 1,760 1,428 530 119 8,193 5,093 3,610 3,013 2,065 1,643 469 158 9,362 9,052 3,984 2,973 4,576 1,929 6,211 8,443 3,763 3,705 5,173 2,135 other financial institutions Banks and Government Commercial, industrial and other private sector € m and official institutions € m € m 684 50 447 575 630 - 54 - 730 403 900 705 892 405 206 67 1,127 1,186 1,585 1,974 1,300 665 138 - 1,776 596 2,458 1,603 2,180 730 2,126 829 2,565 2,410 2,569 955 572 307 731 30 277 175 98 16 870 658 340 989 361 824 246 41 1,303 695 117 480 294 625 201 42 1,456 1,689 743 662 223 652 1,118 1,410 889 793 264 - 1,236 1,842 747 1,219 211 112 98 36 6,713 4,268 1,701 833 507 199 78 11 5,763 3,212 1,908 559 471 353 130 116 6,130 6,767 783 708 2,173 547 2,967 6,204 309 502 2,340 1,180 (1)Assets, consisting of total assets as reported in the consolidated statement of financial position, totalled € 136,651 million at 31 December 2011 (2010: € 145,222 million; 2009: € 174,314 million; 2008: € 182,174 million; 2007: € 177,888 million). At 31 December 2011 cross-border outstandings to borrowers in the Netherlands amounted to 0.6% and Australia 0.3%. 151 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk (continued) Additional risk information on loans and receivables The following tables set out various risk disclosures on loans and receivables incorporating (i) loans and receivables to customers; (ii) loans and receivables to customers within financial assets held for sale to NAMA; and (iii) loans and receivables to customers within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale. The loans and receivables of BZWBK which was a discontinued operation at 31 December 2010 have been excluded from the comparative information. The risk disclosures are as follows: (a) Total loans and receivables to customers by geographic location and industry sector (b) Total impaired loans by geographic location and industry sector (c) Aged analysis of contractually past due but not impaired facilities (d) Total provision for impairment by geographic location and industry sector (e) Total construction and property loans by geographic location (f) Total leveraged debt by geographic location and industry sector 152 d l e h e l a s m € 6 1 3 2 4 3 6 1 7 3 7 2 4 6 5 1 - - 2 7 ) 2 ( - ) 9 ( 5 9 1 , 1 4 8 1 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h l a i c n a n i F l a t o T r o f s t e s s a A M A N m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c m € 2 6 8 , 1 5 6 6 7 3 0 , 2 6 7 4 , 8 7 8 2 , 1 2 6 3 , 1 0 1 0 , 7 4 7 7 , 3 2 4 4 5 4 5 1 , 5 4 1 2 3 , 5 d l e h e l a s m € - 4 7 1 0 1 2 1 1 5 3 - - 4 - - 4 5 r o f s t e s s a ) 3 2 1 ( 3 0 1 ) 2 3 9 , 4 1 ( ) 1 ( - ) 9 ( 2 9 4 , 7 9 9 8 3 0 4 5 , 2 8 9 7 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 1 9 2 2 - 1 1 4 7 1 - - - ) 1 ( 0 3 2 - - 9 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 2 2 1 5 4 4 0 1 - 0 6 2 - - - 8 5 3 ) 1 ( - ) 3 1 ( 4 4 3 - 4 3 - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - 5 4 5 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F m € 8 5 6 1 2 6 8 4 8 3 9 , 6 9 0 1 , 2 2 7 6 0 2 3 4 7 4 , 3 - 6 6 5 5 2 3 , 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c 6 9 4 2 0 3 4 9 2 9 6 - - - 8 1 - ) 4 3 ( ) 4 3 2 , 2 ( - - - 4 6 1 , 8 1 1 3 5 6 9 8 , 5 1 1 3 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 4 0 8 , 1 2 2 4 9 3 5 , 1 2 9 7 , 6 1 2 6 3 , 6 5 0 6 2 4 0 , 1 6 7 2 , 3 4 4 5 9 2 8 , 1 4 5 5 7 , 4 0 7 9 , 8 7 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - ) 8 8 ( 3 0 1 ) 5 8 6 , 2 1 ( 0 0 3 , 6 6 e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s t s o c d e r r e f e D s n o i s i v o r P l a t o T 153 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l l a t o T ) a ( ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v e c e r l i d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - 4 7 4 7 - ) 2 1 ( 2 6 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T m € - 3 5 1 5 3 1 8 1 9 , 1 1 7 2 4 4 6 8 9 1 - d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 6 0 0 , 2 4 5 3 , 1 3 7 6 , 3 2 0 9 , 5 2 5 4 2 , 0 1 3 3 6 , 1 2 2 9 , 1 2 5 4 , 9 2 7 7 4 2 8 , 0 3 1 2 0 , 6 8 4 2 , 2 4 0 8 , 3 9 - ) 9 2 3 ( ) 7 6 1 ( ) 7 8 2 , 7 ( 9 1 9 , 1 0 5 3 , 6 8 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R - - - - - - - - - - 4 7 4 7 - ) 2 1 ( 2 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - m € 3 6 1 3 5 1 4 9 4 8 5 2 - 8 9 - - - 8 6 9 ) 2 ( ) 7 1 ( 9 4 9 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - m € 1 0 2 0 6 2 3 7 2 2 1 3 7 9 2 1 5 7 - - - 8 6 9 , 1 ) 5 ( ) 3 2 ( 0 4 9 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - 3 5 1 1 5 3 , 1 - 2 9 7 2 7 1 - - 1 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 7 6 4 0 3 3 4 8 0 3 4 , 7 9 3 4 , 2 9 4 7 5 2 5 3 2 5 , 4 8 2 7 6 4 3 5 , 3 6 1 5 , 1 4 9 0 , 1 2 - ) 2 9 1 ( ) 8 5 ( ) 7 1 0 , 1 ( 4 2 3 , 1 9 1 0 , 0 2 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 6 5 3 4 1 - 7 2 6 8 8 - - 2 3 7 ) 7 3 1 ( 5 9 5 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 9 3 9 , 1 6 8 6 7 1 6 , 2 6 4 2 , 7 1 6 2 6 , 7 9 0 8 8 6 3 , 1 0 8 0 , 4 4 6 7 0 9 2 , 7 2 9 4 3 , 5 4 7 7 , 9 6 ) 2 0 1 ( ) 0 3 2 , 6 ( 2 4 4 , 3 6 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s n o i s i v o r P l a t o T r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l l a t o T ) a ( ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v e c e r l i d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 154 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h l a i c n a n i F l a t o T d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - 0 3 0 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a A M A N m € m € 0 1 3 8 3 6 3 4 7 2 1 1 9 1 1 5 9 9 9 8 , 1 1 8 5 0 , 3 3 1 3 , 6 5 3 3 , 1 5 4 1 3 0 8 , 4 2 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 3 4 2 - - - - - - 9 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F m € 1 1 1 2 3 1 7 5 5 9 8 3 , 2 4 1 3 2 3 2 3 - 2 8 3 9 1 5 2 7 , 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - 8 1 8 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 9 9 2 4 3 3 0 3 7 6 4 , 9 9 9 4 , 2 3 1 1 8 6 1 8 2 6 0 2 1 , 6 3 5 2 , 1 5 4 1 9 2 0 , 1 2 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v l i e c e r d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T ) b ( 155 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T m € - - - - - - - - - - 7 2 7 2 - - - 7 1 6 9 4 - - 0 3 7 3 8 - d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c 8 m € 3 0 2 1 7 3 2 7 9 , 6 7 6 7 , 1 1 9 6 7 5 2 5 8 3 8 5 3 1 8 2 1 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - 7 2 7 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 1 - - - 4 2 - - - 1 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 0 4 2 2 2 1 - - - - - 5 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 5 4 3 1 - - 5 1 - 3 - 1 4 7 4 1 1 , 2 1 1 8 4 3 4 0 , 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 0 1 - 5 7 0 4 2 8 0 4 , 1 2 5 1 7 1 1 5 1 1 - 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 6 1 6 3 - - 5 1 7 3 5 - d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c 7 m € 3 9 1 3 9 2 0 1 5 , 5 5 0 5 , 1 7 7 1 6 4 8 3 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 3 1 0 , 1 s e g a g t r o m e m o H - 7 7 7 5 3 1 g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - 0 6 2 5 5 9 , 9 l a t o T s t n e m e c n a h n e t i d e r c r e h t o d n a l a r e t a l l o C s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v l i e c e r d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 ) d e u n i t n o c ( r o t c e s y t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l d e r i a p m i l a t o T ) b ( s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 156 n I . l a r e t a l l o c h c u s f o g n i k a t d n a n o i t a u l a v , t n e m s s e s s a e h t r o f e c a l p n i s e r u d e c o r p d n a s e i c i l o p f o s e i r e s a s a h d n a e t a i r p o r p p a d e m e e d n e h w s e i t i v i t c a g n i d n e l s t i f o t r o p p u s n i l a r e t a l l o c s e k a t p u o r G e h T . d e r u c e s n u d n e l y a m p u o r G e h t , t c u d o r p e h t f o e r u t a n e h t r o / d n a g n i d n a t s ’ s r e m o t s u c e h t n o g n i d n e p e d , s e c n a t s m u c r i c e m o s y t r e p o r p f o e p y t e h t t u o t e s h c i h w e c a l p n i s e i c i l o p r a e l c e r a e r e h T . y t r e p o r p l a i t n e d i s e r f o e s a h c r u p e h t r o f s n o i t c a s n a r t g n i d n e l f o t r o p p u s n i l a r e t a l l o c s e k a t p u o r G e h T : s e g a g t r o m e m o H - . p u o r G e h t f o r u o v a f n i e g r a h c l a g e l a o t t c e j b u s e b d n a d e r u s n i y l l u f e b o t d e r i u q e r e r a s e i t r e p o r p l l A . e u l a v y t r e p o r p o t n a o l f o p i h s n o i t a l e r e h t d n a l a r e t a l l o c s a e l b a t p e c c a : s w o l l o f s a e r a s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l r o f l a r e t a l l o c f o s e p y t n i a m e h T r o F . s e i t r e p o r p t n e m p o l e v e d d n a t n e m t s e v n i s e d u l c n i s i h T . d e c n a n i f g n i e b y t r e p o r p e h t r e v o e g r a h c a e k a t o t e c i t c a r p l a m r o n s i t i , g n i d n e l d e t a l e r y t r e p o r p r o F : g n i d n e l l a i c r e m m o c / e t a r o p r o C - l a n o s r e p , s e c n a t s m u c r i c e m o s n I . y t r e p o r p e d u l c n i o s l a y a m h c i h w t u b s r o t b e d d n a k c o t s s a h c u s s t e s s a s s e n i s u b r e v o e g r a h c a s e d u l c n i y l l a c i p y t l a r e t a l l o c , g n i d n e l d e t a l e r y t r e p o r p - n o n . y t i r u c e s s a n e k a t o s l a e r a s t e s s a l a n o s r e p r e v o n e i l a y b d e t r o p p u s s e e t n a r a u g 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h l a i c n a n i F l a t o T d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a A M A N m € m € 4 4 1 0 1 5 5 9 7 4 7 3 1 , 1 6 2 4 1 5 0 2 6 8 2 7 3 7 6 2 , 2 5 9 7 , 4 - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s y a d + 1 9 l a i c n a n i F s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a s y a d 0 9 - 1 6 s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F m € - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 5 3 1 8 6 4 6 0 2 7 6 5 7 9 8 5 4 2 5 1 ) 1 ( % 5 . 1 2 4 4 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ) 2 ( % 3 . 0 - ) 1 ( % 9 . 4 ) 2 ( % 3 . 0 v ) 1 ( % 5 . 0 ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v e c e r i l d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 1 2 0 1 m € 5 1 1 5 4 2 1 3 1 3 5 2 1 1 4 3 7 8 4 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s y a d 0 6 - 1 3 s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s y a d 0 3 - 1 l a i c n a n i F s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 3 - 6 1 5 7 3 6 1 7 1 0 3 9 8 4 6 1 0 6 4 9 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - ) 1 ( % 9 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 4 4 2 1 9 3 3 5 1 0 1 6 7 8 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 7 6 0 , 1 s e g a g t r o m e m o H - 0 5 6 2 1 2 7 9 , 1 s d r a c t i d e r C - r e h t O - ) 1 ( % 0 . 2 s n a o l l a t o t f o e g a t n e c r e p a s A * s e i t i l i c a f d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a p y l l a u t c a r t n o c f o s i s y l a n a d e g A ) c ( . s r a e r r a y n a f o t n u o m a e h t n a h t r e h t a r , d e t r o p e r s i e r u s o p x e e r i t n e e h t , e u d t s a p s i r e w o r r o b a e r e h W . s t i m i l d e r i p x e h t i w s e s a c d n a s n a o l g n i g d i r b , s t f a r d r e v o f o e v i s u l c n i e r a d e t r o p e r s e r u g i f e h T . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i d f o t r a p s a e l a s r o f d l e h s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 2 ( . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 ( s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 157 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T m € - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 - - - 9 5 1 1 - - 2 1 1 - 1 4 7 1 9 7 3 , 5 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 9 1 0 1 3 7 9 9 5 1 7 0 , 2 7 4 6 2 9 5 3 8 0 1 2 9 5 1 0 3 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s y a d + 1 9 l a i c n a n F i s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € - - - 8 1 1 - - 2 6 - 1 m € 6 4 2 8 1 2 4 8 7 0 2 8 3 1 6 0 1 7 4 3 0 1 9 2 2 8 2 8 2 8 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s y a d 0 9 - 1 6 s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € - - - 7 6 - - - - 1 - - 8 6 m € 6 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 6 5 - 5 2 0 7 1 3 1 3 5 4 0 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s y a d 0 6 - 1 3 s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € - - - 0 7 - - - - 1 - - m € 0 4 1 5 1 8 1 4 9 0 1 5 2 1 5 2 4 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 7 6 0 0 , 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 - - - 4 - - - - 3 - - 7 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s y a d 0 3 - 1 l a i c n a n F i s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 1 9 6 9 2 1 6 6 3 2 2 9 2 1 1 7 7 1 2 4 5 3 6 9 0 2 1 4 0 , 2 ) 3 ( % 1 . 4 ) 2 ( % 8 . 7 ) 1 ( % 7 . 5 ) 3 ( % 0 ) 2 ( % 3 . 1 ) 1 ( % 9 . 1 ) 3 ( % 0 ) 2 ( % 0 . 3 ) 1 ( % 5 . 0 ) 3 ( % 0 ) 2 ( % 2 . 3 ) 1 ( % 1 . 1 ) 3 ( % 1 . 4 ) 2 ( % 3 . 0 ) 1 ( % 2 . 2 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - s d r a c t i d e r C - r e h t O - s n a o l l a t o t f o e g a t n e c r e p a s A ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v l i e c e r d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 * ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e i t i l i c a f d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a p y l l a u t c a r t n o c f o s i s y l a n a d e g A ) c ( s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 158 . s r a e r r a y n a f o t n u o m a e h t n a h t r e h t a r , d e t r o p e r s i e r u s o p x e e r i t n e e h t , e u d t s a p s i r e w o r r o b a e r e h W . s t i m i l d e r i p x e h t i w s e s a c d n a s n a o l g n i g d i r b , s t f a r d r e v o f o e v i s u l c n i e r a d e t r o p e r s e r u g i f e h T s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i d i n h t i w s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 3 ( . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 2 ( . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 ( 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h l a i c n a n i F l a t o T d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 6 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a A M A N m € m € 9 9 1 8 2 1 5 2 9 6 4 , 6 8 9 6 , 1 0 9 2 4 1 7 6 5 4 0 9 1 2 1 5 8 7 , 1 8 7 6 , 2 4 5 2 , 2 1 2 3 9 , 4 1 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 6 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 7 - - - - - - - 2 1 1 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 - 6 6 6 5 2 0 3 1 , 1 2 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 0 5 - 7 5 4 7 7 7 , 1 4 3 2 , 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F m € 2 9 1 5 2 4 8 1 2 3 3 , 5 2 4 4 , 1 8 7 3 3 1 7 8 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 8 1 7 , 1 s e g a g t r o m e m o H - 4 5 8 1 2 1 9 1 2 , 2 6 6 4 , 0 1 5 8 6 , 2 1 g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - c i f i c e p S R N B I l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v l i e c e r d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b t n e m r i a p m i r o f n o i s i v o r p l a t o T ) d ( 159 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D m € e l a s r o f t n e r r u c d l e h s t e s s a s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T m € - - - - - - - - 6 - - 6 6 2 1 - - - 5 1 2 8 - - 4 - 2 - 9 2 2 0 0 1 9 2 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 5 0 1 5 1 6 1 1 0 8 3 5 8 , 2 1 5 8 4 9 5 2 2 4 2 4 1 5 9 0 1 8 4 1 , 5 9 3 1 , 2 7 8 2 , 7 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - - - - - - - - 6 - - 6 6 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 - - - 0 1 - - - 7 1 - 7 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 1 2 6 - - - - - 2 2 1 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 7 1 - - - 1 - - - 7 7 1 5 1 2 9 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 5 - 0 3 5 2 5 1 2 1 1 3 9 4 0 3 5 3 - 9 9 7 8 1 2 7 1 0 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € - - - 9 3 8 - - 3 - 2 - 2 5 5 8 7 3 1 m € 0 0 1 5 8 2 1 8 7 6 0 1 3 , 2 4 4 5 4 0 0 2 2 1 2 9 7 4 9 0 1 0 1 3 , 4 0 2 9 , 1 0 3 2 , 6 d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E y t r e p o r p n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - c i f i c e p S R N B I l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v l i e c e r d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 ) d e u n i t n o c ( r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b t n e m r i a p m i r o f n o i s i v o r p l a t o T ) d ( s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 160 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h l a i c n a n i F l a t o T d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c r o f s t e s s a A M A N m € m € d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D - n o n d n a t n e r r u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n i F d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d n a , s r o t c e s - b u s o i l o f t r o p e h t n a p s s p i h s n o i t a l e r r e m o t s u c n i a t r e C . r o t c e s - b u s o i l o f t r o p d n a y h p a r g o e g y b 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 d n a 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t a s e r u s o p x e e h t e s y l a n a s e l b a t i g n w o l l o f e h T n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o c l a t o T ) e ( ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v e c e r i l d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i d n a n o i t c a s n a r t e h t g n i d r o c e r e c i f f o e h t f o n o i t a c o l e h t n o d e s a b s i s e c n a l a b f o n o i t u b i r t s i d c i h p a r g o e g e h T . n o i t a s i r o g e t a c - b u s s i h t n i d e i l p p a n e e b s a h n o i t a m i t s e t n e m e g a n a m f o t n e m e l e n a , y l g n i d r o c c a . d e s a h c r u p g n i e b y t r e p o r p e h t f o n o i t a c o l e h t y l i r a s s e c e n t o n s i d l e h e l a s m € 9 8 8 5 5 7 4 6 8 4 1 2 9 6 - - 6 1 7 - - - - - - - - - 3 6 1 , 3 1 2 3 0 , 3 5 9 1 , 6 1 1 3 5 , 1 4 4 0 , 5 5 7 5 , 6 6 8 4 8 1 5 - 3 8 3 8 1 1 8 1 9 2 - - 4 7 7 , 3 2 2 1 1 ) 2 ( % 0 6 - ) 1 ( % 4 2 ) 2 ( % 9 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 8 9 8 4 7 1 - - - - - 4 7 1 - - - - - - - - - - 5 4 5 4 - - - - - 5 4 - ) 2 ( % 6 7 - ) 1 ( % 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 7 2 , 3 2 1 2 , 1 0 9 4 , 4 1 9 1 4 6 5 , 1 5 5 7 , 1 5 7 1 8 1 5 - 0 9 3 0 9 3 3 7 3 0 4 - - 8 3 9 , 6 0 3 4 - - - - - - - - - 0 4 8 , 9 0 2 8 , 1 0 6 6 , 1 1 0 4 3 , 1 0 8 4 , 3 0 2 8 , 4 - 1 1 3 1 9 7 , 6 1 t n e m p o l e v e d d n a d n a L l a i c r e m m o C - l a i t n e d i s e R - s n o i t a i c o s s a g n i s u o H s r o t c a r t n o C e g a t n e c r e p a s A l a t o T l a i c r e m m o C - l a i t n e d i s e R - t n e m t s e v n I ) 1 ( % 8 3 ) 2 ( % 1 8 - ) 1 ( % 1 2 s n a o l l a t o t f o . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a t i l p s c i h p a r g o e g t n a v e l e r i n h t i w e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i d f o t r a p s a e l a s r o f d l e h s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 2 ( e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a t i l p s c i h p a r g o e g t n a v e l e r i n h t i w s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 ( e h t s a l l e w s a s e e s s e l m o r f s w o l f h s a c y b d e n n i p r e d n u e r a s n a o l e s e h t f o y t i r o j a m e h t ( y t r e p o r p l a i t n e d i s e r d n a e c i f f o l i a t e r , l a i c r e m m o c n i t n e m t s e v n i r o f s n a o l f o e s i r p m o c t n e m t s e v n i y t r e p o r p r o f s n a o L s i a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U e h t n i n o i l l i m 0 3 1 € e h T % 2 1 . d e x i m d n a ; % 4 2 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 8 3 e c i f f o ; % 6 2 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s s i i m o d g n K d e t i n U e h t n i n o i l l i m 8 7 2 , 3 € e h T . % 6 2 d e x i m d n a ; % 7 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 7 2 e c i f f o ; % 1 4 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s s i d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R e h t n i n o i l l i m 0 3 2 , 0 1 € f o e r u s o p x e t n e m t s e v n i l a i c r e m m o c e h T . n o i t a u l a v y t r e p o r p n i s t n e m e v o m o t d e s o p x e s i d n a , k s i r t n a n e t f o t n e m e l e g n o r t s a s a h e r u t a n s t i y b g n i d n e l t n e m t s e v n i l a i c r e m m o C . ) l a r e t a l l o c y t r e p o r p t n e m t s e v n i . y l n o e p y t y t r e p o r p e c i f f o e h t o t s e t a l e r d l r o W e h t f o t s e R e h t n i n o i l l i m 3 8 € e h T % 8 3 . d e x i m d n a ; % 1 1 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 1 5 e c i f f o ; % 0 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s 161 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i l a t o T d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € m € s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f - - - - - - - - - - 7 8 8 2 7 9 5 9 6 2 1 1 0 8 7 2 9 2 1 0 2 9 7 6 , 3 1 7 9 4 , 3 6 7 1 , 7 1 7 4 8 , 1 3 4 5 , 5 0 9 3 , 7 7 0 8 9 2 5 ) 2 ( % 5 8 ) 1 ( % 8 2 8 1 9 , 1 2 0 9 , 5 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 2 5 - - 4 9 4 ) 1 ( % 1 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 0 4 2 4 2 1 5 6 2 4 7 3 9 7 2 - 2 3 7 - - - - - - - - - s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 3 5 8 4 1 8 5 3 7 5 6 6 8 3 7 2 1 0 2 m € 3 0 4 , 3 2 6 3 , 1 5 6 7 , 4 8 0 2 6 3 7 , 1 4 4 9 , 1 2 9 1 9 2 5 1 5 3 , 1 0 3 4 , 7 s p u o r g l a s o p s i D t n e r r u c - n o n d n a d l e h s t e s s a m € e l a s r o f m € m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 3 4 2 8 7 3 3 5 6 3 1 9 8 1 - - 5 2 4 , 9 3 9 8 , 1 8 1 3 , 1 1 6 6 5 , 1 9 4 7 , 3 5 1 3 , 5 - 3 1 6 t n e m p o l e v e d d n a d n a L l a i c r e m m o C - l a i t n e d i s e R - s n o i t a i c o s s a g n i s u o H s r o t c a r t n o C l a i c r e m m o C - l a i t n e d i s e R - t n e m t s e v n I ) 2 ( % 7 7 ) 1 ( % 5 2 s n a o l l a t o t f o e g a t n e c r e p a s A 7 6 5 6 4 2 , 7 1 l a t o T e h t s a l l e w s a s e e s s e l m o r f s w o l f h s a c y b d e n n i p r e d n u e r a s n a o l e s e h t f o y t i r o j a m e h t ( y t r e p o r p l a i t n e d i s e r d n a e c i f f o l i a t e r , l a i c r e m m o c n i t n e m t s e v n i r o f s n a o l f o e s i r p m o c t n e m t s e v n i y t r e p o r p r o f s n a o L s i a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U e h t n i n o i l l i m 9 0 4 € e h T % 0 1 . d e x i m d n a ; % 0 2 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 0 4 e c i f f o ; % 0 3 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s s i i m o d g n K d e t i n U e h t n i n o i l l i m 6 3 9 , 3 € e h T . % 6 2 d e x i m d n a ; % 7 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 1 3 e c i f f o ; % 6 3 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s s i d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R e h t n i n o i l l i m 9 7 7 , 9 € f o e r u s o p x e t n e m t s e v n i l a i c r e m m o c e h T . k s i r t n a n e t f o t n e m e l e g n o r t s a s a h e r u t a n s t i y b t n e m t s e v n i l a i c r e m m o C . ) l a r e t a l l o c y t r e p o r p t n e m t s e v n i e c i f f o ; % 2 4 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s s i d l r o W e h t f o t s e R e h t n i n o i l l i m 2 4 4 € e h T % 5 1 . d e x i m d n a ; % 2 1 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 0 5 e c i f f o ; % 3 2 l i a t e r : s e p y t y t r e p o r p i g n w o l l o f e h t s s o r c a d a e r p s . % 1 d e x i m d n a ; % 5 l a i r t s u d n i ; % 2 5 . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a t i l p s c i h p a r g o e g t n a v e l e r i n h t i w A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 2 ( . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a t i l p s c i h p a r g o e g t n a v e l e r i n h t i w s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 ( ) 1 ( % 7 3 - ) 2 ( % 9 8 ) 1 ( % 5 3 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o c l a t o T ) e ( ) d e u n i t n o c ( s e b a v e c e r i l d n a s n a o l n o n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r l a n o i t i d d A - k s i r t i d e r C 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 162 3.1 Credit risk - Additional risk information on loans and receivables (continued) (f) Total leveraged debt by geographic location and industry sector Leveraged lending (including the financing of management buy-outs, buy-ins and private equity buy-outs) is conducted primarily through specialist lending teams. The leveraged loan book set out below includes € 1,274 million (2010: € 3,335 million) of loans and receivables to customers and Nil (2010: € 21 million) for disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale. Specific impairment provisions of € 70 million (31 December 2010: € 79 million) are currently held against impaired exposures of € 106 million (31 December 2010: € 190 million) where there has been a permanent reduction in the value of the credit assets in question. These impaired exposures are not included in the analysis below. The unfunded element below includes off-balance sheet facilities and the undrawn element of facility commitments. The portfolio has been purposely reduced in the year to December 2011 in large part due to AIB’s deleveraging plans. Total leveraged debt by geographic location* United Kingdom Rest of Europe United States of America Rest of the World Funded leveraged debt by industry sector* Agriculture Construction and property Distribution Energy Financial Manufacturing Transport Other services Funded € m 215 220 777 62 1,274 2011 Unfunded € m 35 53 131 1 220 Funded € m 600 885(1) 1,684 166 3,335 2011 € m 6 7 298 42 19 474 63 365 1,274 2010 Unfunded € m 102 214 326 100 742 2010 € m 6 17 597 70 100 1,321(1) 113 1,111 3,335 (1)In the Annual Financial Report 2010 funded leveraged debt of € 21 million relating to BZWBK was included in this analysis. In 2010 BZWBK was treated as a discontinued operation (note 18). Large exposures (including NAMA and discontinued operations) AIB’s Group Large Exposure Policy sets out maximum exposure limits to, or on behalf of, a customer or a group of connected customers. At 31 December 2011, the Group’s top 50 exposures amounted to € 10.5 billion, and accounted for 10.6% (€ 11.5 billion and 11.0% at 31 December 2010) of the Group’s on-balance sheet total gross loans and receivables to customers. Of this amount Nil relates to loans held for sale to NAMA (2010: € 0.2 billion) and Nil relates to loans included within ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’ (2010: € 0.5 billion). No single customer exposure exceeds regulatory guidelines. See also Risk Management - Credit risk management and mitigation. In addition, the Group holds NAMA senior bonds amounting to € 19.9 billion (2010: € 7.9 billion). *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 163 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Financial investments available for sale The following tables give, for the Group at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010, the carrying value (fair value) of financial investments available for sale by major classifications together with the unrealised gains and losses. Debt securities* Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total financial investments available for sale Fair value € m 5,217 1,860 1,270 1,147 - 509 1,210 3,055 476 110 279 12 Unrealised gross gains € m 2011 Unrealised gross losses € m 40 102 207 10 - - - 43 4 4 15 - (531) (62) (3) (1) - (12) (353) (77) (12) (6) (5) - Fair value € m 4,309 3,517 1,693 1,317 183 885 2,560 3,966 1,433 187 449 12 Unrealised gross gains € m 2010 Unrealised gross losses € m - 44 88 15 2 1 1 25 6 10 27 - (632) (50) (3) (8) - (22) (291) (79) (87) (3) (3) - 15,145 425 (1,062) 20,511 219 (1,178) 132 112 - 18 - (24) 169 145 - 23 (51) (11) 15,389 443 (1,086) 20,825 242 (1,240) The tables below set out further analyses of sovereign exposures within the financial investments available for sale portfolio at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010: Government securities* Republic of Ireland(1) United Kingdom Italy Austria Spain France Germany Greece Portugal Netherlands Rest of the World 2011 Non Euro Government governments governments € m Euro Irish € m € m Irish Government € m Euro governments € m 2010 Non Euro governments € m 5,217 - - - - - - - - - - 5,217 - - 175 179 30 699 277 16 98 341 45 1,860 - 1,146 - - - - - - - - 124 1,270 4,309 - - - - - - - - - - 4,309 - - 804 214 326 974 277 36 238 394 254 3,517 - 1,545 - - - - - - - - 148 1,693 (1)Total exposure to the Irish Government is set out in note 64. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 164 3.1 Credit risk - Financial investments available for sale (continued) Collateralised mortgage obligations by geography and industry sector of the issuer* United Kingdom United States of America Rest of the World Governments € m - 489 - 489 Other financial € m 11 - 9 20 2011 Total € m 11 489 9 509 Governments € m - 820 - 820 Other financial € m 56 - 9 65 Other asset backed securities by geography and industry sector of the issuer* Governments Banks € m € m Other financial € m 2011 Total € m 34 142 96 - 89 636 213 Governments Banks € m - - 139 - - - - 139 € m - - - - - 17 - 17 Other financial € m 224 562 216 363 122 800 117 34 142 96 - 89 623 213 1,197 1,210 2010 Total € m 56 820 9 885 2010 Total € m 224 562 355 363 122 817 117 Republic of Ireland United Kingdom United States of America Australia Italy Spain Rest of World - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 - 13 Bank securities by geography* Republic of Ireland United Kingdom United States of America Australia Italy Austria France Germany Portugal Netherlands Spain Sweden Belgium Denmark Rest of the World 2,404 2,560 Euro € m 247 305 239 50 398 148 473 541 52 145 838 - 336 86 108 2010 Non Euro € m 114 344 18 85 - 17 59 267 - 91 50 203 57 - 128 3,966 1,433 Euro € m 2011 Non Euro € m 622 316 32 36 - 70 323 481 54 266 569 6 11 88 181 3,055 34 127 3 20 - 18 - 97 - 25 6 143 - - 3 476 The cumulative charge to available for sale securities reserves relating to bank securities is € 42 million (2010: € 135 million) which is gross of hedging and taxation. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 165 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Financial investments available for sale (continued) Debt securities Available for sale debt securities reduced from a fair value of € 20.5 billion at year end 2010 to € 15.1 billion at year end 2011. Sales and maturities of € 8.8 billion were partially offset by the addition of €1.6 billion of securities held by EBS and also by purchases of € 1.7 billion. Disposals reflected a reduction in credit appetite for assets domiciled in selected Eurozone countries (e.g. the fair value of holdings in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain combined reduced by € 2 billion for the year) and also a decision to reduce assets which could not provide immediate access to liquidity where required (e.g. US, Canadian and Australian assets were reduced by a combined total of € 1.7 billion). Part of the reduction in fair value included specific provisions of € 164 million. This related, in the main, to Irish banks’ subordinated debt instruments of € 132 million, which were sold or exchanged for equity during the year. In addition, a provision of € 24 million was made against a € 40 million Greek Sovereign debt holding, and € 8 million was provided against an individual Spanish subordinated bank debt holding of € 15 million. In addition to the specific provisions, an IBNR provision of € 10 million is held against the remaining subordinated bank debt portfolio of € 125 million and an IBNR provision of € 50 million is held against the remaining European asset backed securities holdings of € 1.1 billion. The portfolio remains materially investment grade, with 35% rated AAA (2010 47%); 10% rated AA (2010 10%); 11% rated A (2010 35%); and 41% rated BBB (2010 6%). The Irish Government securities position increased from € 4.3 billion at year end 2010 to € 5.2 billion at year end 2011, principally due to purchases in the late second half of the year for the purpose of hedging the interest rate risk on the Contingent Capital Notes which were issued by AIB in July 2011. At year end 2010, the bank bond fair value of € 5.4 billion included € 0.8 billion of covered bonds; € 1.1 billion of government guaranteed senior bank debt; € 3 billion of senior unsecured bank debt; and € 0.5 billion of subordinated bank debt. At year end 2011, the bank bond fair value of € 3.5 billion included € 1.1 billion covered bonds; € 0.9 billion of government guaranteed senior bank debt; € 1.4 billion of senior unsecured bank debt; and € 0.1 billion subordinated bank debt. The increase in covered bonds relates to assets held by EBS. Other asset backed securities of € 1.2 billion (2010: € 2.6 billion) primarily relate to residential mortgage backed securities of € 1.1 billion (2010: € 2 billion) with the largest holdings in Spanish RMBS of € 0.6 billion (2010: € 0.7 billion). Equity securities NAMA subordinated bonds are included within available for sale equity securities. The fair value of these bonds at year end 2011 was € 132 million (against a nominal holding of € 478 million) compared with the year end 2010 fair value of € 169 million (against a nominal holding at that time of € 423 million). An impairment provision of € 106 million was made at 31 December 2011 following the release of NAMA accounts and additional disclosures by NAMA in the second half of the year. In addition, a € 13 million provision was made against other equity securities. 166 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries The Group’s principal area of operations is in the Republic of Ireland, accordingly, its most significant exposures arise there both in terms of lending and investments. However, the Group also has exposures to certain other Eurozone countries which at 31 December 2011 or subsequently had a Standard & Poor’s rating of A or less. These exposures are mainly in the Group’s available for sale portfolio. Set out in the tables below is an analysis of these selected Eurozone exposures. Basis of preparation: - Exposures are shown at their balance sheet carrying value; - Exposures are based on the country of operations of the counterparty; - - For banking groups and corporates, the country of operations is where materially most of the entity’s assets are located and/or materially most of the profits are earned; For retail exposures, the country of operations is where materially most of the entity’s assets are located and/or materially most of the profits are earned (country of residence); - Exposures to sovereigns include governments, departments of governments, embassies, consulates and exposures on account of cash balances and deposits with central banks; and - In relation to derivatives: A positive fair value indicates an exposure. A negative fair value where ISDA applies is an offset to an exposure. A positive Credit Support Annexes (“CSA”) balance is an offset to an exposure and a negative CSA balance is an increase in exposure. Republic of Ireland S&P rating at 31 December 2011 is BBB+. Loans and receivables(1)* < 1 year € m 1-5 years > 5 years € m € m Loans and receivables to banks/central banks NAMA senior bonds 651 19,856 Total 20,507 - - - - - - 2011 Total € m 651 19,856 20,507 < 1 year € m 1-5 years € m > 5 years € m 1,642 7,869 9,511 - - - - - - 2010 Total € m 1,642 7,869 9,511 For details of loans and receivables to customers in the Republic of Ireland please refer to pages 153 to 156 and 159 to 162. Financial investments available for sale* Sovereign Senior bank bonds Subordinated bank bonds(1) Other asset backed securities Other investments Total Fair value € m 5,217 656 - 34 - 5,907 (1)Specific impairment charge during 2011 in respect of instruments sold or exchanged for equity. Sovereign* < 1 year 1 - 5 years > 5 years Total Residual maturity € m 693 2,205 2,319 5,217 2011 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - - 2011 Charge to AFS reserves € m (7) (92) (478) (577) Fair value € m 4,309 258 103 224 2 4,896 Residual maturity € m 908 1,471 1,930 4,309 2010 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - - 2010 Charge to AFS reserves € m (3) (94) (535) (632) *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 167 2011 Customer exposure € m 89 - 147 236 2010 Customer exposure € m 48 85 147 280 2010 Total € m 10 (6) 4 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries (continued) Republic of Ireland (continued) Positive fair value Negative fair value € m 104 109 147 360 € m (15) (69) (135) (219) Netting ISDA master agreements € m Cash collateral received - CSAs € m Cash collateral paid - CSAs € m 15 60 - 75 - 54 - 54 - (5) - (5) Positive fair value Negative fair value € m 48 145 147 340 € m - (70) (112) (182) Netting ISDA master agreements € m Cash collateral received - CSAs € m Cash collateral paid - CSAs € m - 60 - 60 - - - - - - - - Derivatives Sovereign Banks Customers Derivatives Sovereign Banks Customers Greece S&P rating at 31 December 2011 is CC. Loans and receivables(2)* Gross loans and receivables Provisions for impairment Total < 1 year € m 1-5 years > 5 years € m € m - - - - - - - - - (2)Includes loans and receivables to both banks and customers. Financial investments available for sale* Sovereign Senior bank bonds Other asset backed securities Other investments Total 2011 Total € m - - - Fair value € m 16 - 32 4 52 < 1 year € m 1-5 years € m > 5 years € m - - - 10 - 10 - - - 2011 Impairment provisions € m 24 - - - 24 Fair value € m 36 - 50 6 92 2010 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - This table set out the residual maturity of sovereign available for sale exposures and related (charge)/credit to available for sale (“AFS”) reserves before impact of hedging. Sovereign* < 1 year 1 - 5 years > 5 years Total *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 168 Residual maturity € m 16 - - 16 2011 (Charge) /credit to AFS reserves € m - - - - Residual maturity € m - 36 - 36 2010 Charge to AFS reserves € m - (5) - (5) 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries (continued) Italy S&P rating at 31 December 2011 is A but subsequently downgraded to BBB+. Loans and receivables(2)* Gross loans and receivables Provisions for impairment Total < 1 year € m 1-5 years > 5 years € m € m - - - 7 - 7 11 - 11 (2)Includes loans and receivables to both banks and customers. Financial investments available for sale* Sovereign Senior bank bonds Subordinated bank bonds Other asset backed securities Other investments Total 2011 Total € m 18 - 18 Fair value € m 175 - - 89 5 269 < 1 year € m 1-5 years € m > 5 years € m 15 - 15 17 - 17 18 - 18 2010 Total € m 50 - 50 2011 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - - Fair value € m 804 340 58 122 5 1,329 2010 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - - This table set out the residual maturity of sovereign available for sale exposures and related (charge)/credit to available for sale (“AFS”) reserves before impact of hedging. Sovereign* < 1 year 1 - 5 years > 5 years Total Residual maturity € m - - 175 175 2011 (Charge) /credit to AFS reserves € m - - (44) (44) Residual maturity € m 242 358 204 804 2010 (Charge) /credit to AFS reserves € m 1 (5) (8) (12) *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 169 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries (continued) Portugal S&P rating at 31 December 2011 is BBB- but subsequently downgraded to BB. Loans and receivables(2)* Gross loans and receivables Provisions for impairment Total < 1 year € m 1-5 years > 5 years € m € m - - - - - - 19 - 19 (2)Includes loans and receivables to both banks and customers. Financial investments available for sale* Sovereign Senior bank bonds Other asset backed securities Other investments Total 2011 Total € m 19 (5) 14 Fair value € m 98 54 79 - 231 < 1 year € m 1-5 years € m > 5 years € m 150 - 150 - - - 20 - 20 2010 Total € m 170 - 170 2011 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - Fair value € m 238 52 130 - 420 2010 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - This table set out the residual maturity of sovereign available for sale exposures and related (charge)/credit to available for sale (“AFS”) reserves before impact of hedging. Sovereign* < 1 year 1 - 5 years > 5 years Total Residual maturity € m 66 23 9 98 2011 Charge to AFS reserves € m (3) (8) (7) (18) Residual maturity € m 126 89 23 238 2010 Charge to AFS reserves € m - (3) (3) (6) *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 170 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries (continued) Spain S&P rating at 31 December 2011 is AA- but subsequently downgraded to A. Loans and receivables(2)* Gross loans and receivables Provisions for impairment Total < 1 year € m 1-5 years > 5 years € m € m 23 - 23 499 - 499 61 - 61 (2)Includes loans and receivables to both banks and customers. Financial investments available for sale* Sovereign Senior bank bonds Subordinated bank bonds Other asset backed securities Other investments Total 2011 Total € m 583 (3) 580 Fair value € m 30 538 37 636 - 1,241 < 1 year € m 1-5 years € m > 5 years € m 1 - 1 598 - 598 80 - 80 2010 Total € m 679 (9) 670 2011 Impairment provisions € m - - 8 - - 8 Fair value € m 326 784 104 817 2 2,033 2010 Impairment provisions € m - - - - - - This table set out the residual maturity of sovereign available for sale exposures and related (charge)/credit to available for sale (“AFS”) reserves before impact of hedging. Sovereign* < 1 year 1 - 5 years > 5 years Total Derivatives Banks Customers Derivatives Banks Customers Residual maturity € m - 30 - 30 2011 (Charge) /credit to AFS reserves € m - - - - Residual maturity € m 26 300 - 326 Positive fair value Negative fair value € m € m Netting ISDA master agreements € m Cash collateral received - CSAs € m Cash collateral paid - CSAs € m 9 - 9 - - - - - - 9 - 9 - - - Positive fair value Negative fair value € m 56 36 92 € m 2 - 2 Netting ISDA master agreements € m Cash collateral received - CSAs € m Cash collateral paid - CSAs € m - - - - - - - - - *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 2010 Charge to AFS reserves € m - (8) - (8) 2011 Customer exposure € m - - - 2010 Customer exposure € m 56 36 92 171 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.1 Credit risk - Exposures to selected Eurozone countries (continued) Debt securities Republic of Ireland The fair value of holdings of Irish debt securities in the available for sale category at end 2011 of € 5.9 billion was made up of sovereign debt € 5.2 billion; government guaranteed senior bank debt of € 0.5 billion; covered bonds of € 0.1 billion; and residential mortgage backed securities of € 44 million. The 2010 fair value of Irish debt securities in AFS of € 4.7 billion comprised of sovereign debt € 4.3 billion; government guaranteed senior bank debt of € 0.2 billion; subordinated bank debt of € 0.1 billion; senior bank debt of € 0.05 billion; and residential mortgage backed securities of € 0.06 billion. The increase in fair value of the sovereign debt was due to purchases in the second half of 2011 for the purpose of hedging the interest rate risk on the Contingent Capital Notes issued by AIB. Greece The fair value of holdings of Greek debt securities at end 2011 of € 52 million (2010: € 92 million) was comprised of sovereign debt € 16 million (2010: € 36 million); asset backed securities of € 32 million (2010: € 50 million); and corporate debt of € 4 million (2010: € 6 million). The fall in fair value in each instance was due to a fall in market prices. A specific provision of € 24 million was made during 2011 against the € 40 million nominal Greek sovereign debt holding (€ 16 million fair value at end 2011). Italy The fair value of holdings of Italian debt securities at end 2011 of € 269 million (2010: € 1.33 billion) included sovereign debt € 175 million (2010: € 0.8 billion); asset backed securities of € 89 million (2010: € 122 million); and corporate debt of € 5 million (2010: € 5 million). Senior bank debt, covered bonds and subordinated bank debt held at the end of 2010 in the amount of € 398 million were sold or matured during 2011. Portugal The fair value of holdings of Portuguese debt securities at end 2011 of € 231 million (2010: € 420 million) was comprised of sovereign debt € 98 million (2010: € 238 million); asset backed securities of € 79 million (2010: € 130 million); and senior bank debt of € 54 million (2010: € 52 million). Spain The fair value of holdings of Spanish debt securities at end 2011 of € 1.2 billion (2010: € 2 billion) included asset backed securities of € 0.6 billion (2010: € 0.8 billion); covered bonds of € 0.5 billion (2010: € 0.4 billion); subordinated bank debt of € 37 million (2010: € 0.1 billion); sovereign debt of € 30 million (2010: € 0.3 billion); and senior bank debt of € 6 million (2010: € 0.4 billion). The asset backed securities at end 2011 were all residential mortgage backed securities which had been rated AAA at origination. The end 2011 ratings profile was AAA 35%; AA 52%; A 10%; BBB 2%; BB 1%; and the overall weighted average market bid price for the portfolio was 71.45. The end 2011 ratings profile of the Spanish covered bond holdings was AAA 38%; AA 42%; A 8%; BBB 12%; and the weighted average market bid price for the portfolio was 94.03. 172 3.2 Liquidity risk* The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that, at all times, the Group holds sufficient funds to meet its contracted and contingent commitments to customers and counterparties at an economic price. Risk identification and assessment Liquidity risk is assessed by modelling the net cash outflows of the Group over a series of maturity bands. Behavioural assumptions are applied to those liabilities whose contractual repayment dates are not reflective of their inherent stability. These net cash outflows are compared against the Group’s stock of liquid assets to consider, within each maturity band, the adequacy of the Group’s liquidity position. Risk management and mitigation The Group’s liquidity management policy aims to ensure that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its current requirements. In addition, it operates a funding strategy designed to anticipate additional funding requirements based upon projected balance sheet movements. The Group undertakes liquidity stress testing and contingency planning to deal with unforeseen events. Stress tests include both firm specific and systemic risk events and a combination of both. These scenario events are reviewed in the context of the Group’s liquidity contingency plan, which details corrective action options under various levels of stress events. The purpose of these actions is to ensure continued stability of the Group’s liquidity position, within the Group’s pre-defined liquidity risk tolerance levels. The Group endeavours to maintain a diversified funding base with an emphasis on high quality, stable customer deposit funding and maintaining a balance between short term and long term funding sources. The principles behind the Group’s liquidity management policy aim to ensure that the Group can at all times meet its obligations as they fall due at an economic price. The Group manages its liquidity in a number of ways. Firstly, through the active management of its liability maturity profile, it aims to ensure a balanced spread of repayment obligations with a key focus on 0-8 day and 9 day - 1 month time periods. Monitoring ratios apply to periods in excess of 1 month. Secondly, the Group aims to maintain a stock of high quality liquid assets to meet its obligations as they fall due. Discounts are applied to these assets based upon their cash-equivalence and price sensitivity. Finally, net outflows are monitored on a daily basis. The Group’s approach to liquidity management complies with the Central Bank’s revised ‘Requirements for the Management of Liquidity Risk’, introduced in July 2007. Customer deposits represent the largest source of funding, with the Group’s core retail franchises and accompanying core retail deposit base in Ireland and the UK providing the Group with a stable and reasonably predictable source of funds. Although a significant element of these retail deposits are contractually repayable on demand or at short notice, the granularity of the Group’s customer base generally mitigates this risk. The Group saw a number of material changes to its customer deposit profile in 2011. Concerns in the first half of the year about Ireland and the banking system saw outflows of approximately € 5 billion from the AIB franchises, after adjusting for the sale of BZWBK. In February, the acquisition of the customer deposits of the former Anglo Irish Bank brought further diversification to the customer deposits base. On 1 July 2011, the acquisition of EBS brought with it customer deposits, which amounted to € 8.5 billion at 31 December 2011. Following the PCAR announcement and the resultant recapitalisation of the Group, the deposit books stabilised. The deposit books remained stable through the period of Europe-wide uncertainty in the latter months of the year. The Irish Government Eligible Liabilities Guarantee (“ELG”) scheme continues to play an important role in underpinning the funding position of the Group. The legislation to extend the ELG Scheme to 31 December 2012 (subject to EU state aid approval) was signed into law on 8 December 2011. EU state aid approval for the extension of the ELG Scheme for the six month period to 30 June 2012 was also issued on 8 December 2011. In November 2011 the Group received approval from the Minister for Finance to offer unguaranteed deposits to corporate customers. This is an important first step towards the Group’s ultimate aim of developing the capability to fund itself without the necessity for ELG support. Additional information on the ELG scheme is included in note 56 to the financial statements. The Group monitors and manages the funding support provided by its deposit base to its loan book through a series of measures including its externally reported customer loan to deposit ratio (“LDR”). As a consequence of the deposit developments outlined above and the deleveraging that was achieved through asset sales and loan repayments, the Group’s LDR decreased from 165% at 31 December 2010 to 136% at 31 December 2011 (138% including loans and receivables held for sale). The Group is also managing to interim targets agreed with the Central Bank of Ireland for the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (“LCR”) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (“NSFR”) pending their formal introduction as regulatory standards in 2015 and 2018 respectively. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 173 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.2 Liquidity risk* (continued) Group Treasury manages the liquidity and funding requirements of the Group. Euro, sterling, and US dollar represent the most important currencies to the Group from a funding and liquidity perspective. Access to wholesale markets for unsecured funding has remained virtually closed to the Group and as a result the Group has required a significant dependency on the monetary authorities for replacement funding. Progress on the deleveraging programme and receipt of a cash deposit from the NTMA in advance of the Government capital injection enabled the Group to repay the non-standard facilities received from the Central Bank of Ireland in April 2011.The Group at 31 December 2011 has availed of Central Bank funding of € 31 billion (includes EBS of € 4 billion), this is down from € 37 billion at 31 December 2010. The Central Bank funding at 31 December 2010 included non-standard facilities of € 11 billion.The Group exited the non-standard facilities in April 2011. Central Bank drawings include the switch of € 3 billion from short term operations into the 3 year Long Term Refinancing Operation (“LTRO”) at 31 December 2011. In January 2011, the Group issued own-use bank bonds covered by the ELG which were eligible for ECB operations. These had a liquidity value of € 3.7 billion and were repaid in January 2012.The Group continues to develop the capability to create collateral pools from its loan assets aimed at market investors and the recently widened ECB collateral framework. Having been in breach of regulatory liquidity requirements since November 2010, the position was regularised following completion of the capital raising process in July 2011 and the Group has since remained in compliance. In the absence of normal market conditions and given the extent of support from the monetary authorities, the Group’s contingency liquidity management framework remains activated. The Group’s debt rating as at 23 February 2012 for all debt/deposits not covered by the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liability Guarantee) Scheme 2009 are as follows: Standard and Poors long-term “BB” and short-term “B”, Fitch long-term “BBB” and short-term “F2”; Moody’s long-term “Ba2” for deposits and “Ba3” for senior unsecured debt and short-term “Not Prime” for deposits and senior unsecured debt. The Group’s debt rating as at 23 February 2012 for all debt/deposits covered by the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liability Guarantee) Scheme 2009 are as follows: Standard and Poors long-term “BBB+” and short-term “A-2”, Fitch long-term “BBB+” and short-term “F2”; Moody's long-term “Ba1” and short-term “Not Prime” Risk monitoring and reporting In common with other areas of risk management, the Group operates a “three lines of defence” model. Risk monitoring and reporting is carried out in the first line by Treasury ALM - Analysis, Reporting & Control (“TALM-ARC”) which reports directly to the CFO. Second line assurance is provided by Financial Risk, reporting to the CRO and Group Internal Audit comprises the third line. The liquidity position of AIB is measured and monitored daily by TALM-ARC. The daily liquidity report sets out the Group’s principal operating currencies of euro, sterling and US dollar. In addition to the regular Group ALCo, Executive Risk Committee and Board monthly reporting on the liquidity and funding position of the Group, the Executive Committee and the Board are briefed on liquidity and funding on an ongoing basis. Further information on liquidity risk can be found in (notes 61 and 62) to the financial statements. 3.3 Market risk* Market risk is the risk relating to the uncertainty of returns attributable to fluctuations in market factors such as adverse movements in the level or volatility of market prices of items such as debt instruments, equities and currencies. Where the uncertainty is expressed as a potential loss in value, it represents a risk to the income and capital position of the Group. The Group assumes market risk as a result of its balance sheet and capital management activity. The Group’s Treasury function assumes market risk as a consequence of the risk management services it provides to its client base and through risk positioning in selected wholesale markets. In addition, the Treasury function is also authorised to trade on its own account in selected wholesale markets. The strategies employed are desk and market specific and are approved on an annual basis through the Group’s Risk Appetite Framework governance process. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 174 3.3 Market risk* (continued) Risk identification and assessment Treasury is monitored by an independent control function, TALM-ARC which is tasked with capturing and monitoring all material sources of market risk. The Financial Risk function, part of Group Risk, carries second line of defence responsibility for market risk, providing independent oversight and assurance to the Risk Committees and Board. In quantifying the portfolio’s market risk profile, the Group’s risk measurement systems are configured to address all material risk factors. The Group’s core risk measurement methodology is based on an historical simulation application of the industry standard Value at Risk (“VaR”) technique. The methodology incorporates the portfolio diversification effect within each standard risk factor (interest rate, credit spread, foreign exchange, equity, as applicable). This VaR metric is derived from an observation of historical prices over a period of one year, assessed at a 95% statistical confidence level and using a 1 day holding period. Although an important measure of risk, VaR has limitations as a result of its use of historical data, holding periods and frequency of calculation. The VaR methodology also assumes that markets remain constant over the given time horizon. Furthermore, the use of confidence intervals does not convey any information about potential loss when the confidence level is exceeded. The Group recognises these limitations and supplements its use with a variety of other techniques, including sensitivity analysis, interest rate gaps by time period and daily open foreign exchange and equity positions. In particular, the sensitivity of the Group’s available for sale (“AFS”) securities portfolio to a one basis point shift in credit spreads is actively monitored and the AFS securities portfolio is subject to additional nominal limits. The size of the Group’s AFS portfolio and the net unrealised gains/losses are set out in note 34. Stress-testing and scenario analysis are employed on an ongoing basis to gauge the Treasury portfolio’s vulnerability to loss under stressful market conditions. Some stress-tests revolve around defining large, severe and extreme scenarios and determining the changes in the value of Treasury’s portfolio of financial instruments in the event of any one scenario. Others, for example in the case of interest rate risk portfolios employ principal components analysis (“PCA”) to analyse interest rate term structure factor sensitivity (i.e. PCA identifies the three most predictive elements driving interest rate changes, namely parallel shift, twist and bow, and uses these in the determination of alternative stressed portfolio valuation). For foreign exchange and equity portfolios, historical simulation techniques are used to determine potential worst case outcomes. Risk management and mitigation In managing and overseeing market risk, the Group makes a distinction between its trading and non-trading activities. All trading positions arise in a dealing room environment, are subject to the Group’s market risk management framework and are reviewed monthly at the Financial Risk Forum, irrespective of accounting or regulatory treatment. All other positions, most of which are structural in nature, are considered ‘non-trading’ and are subject to a management framework that is determined by Group ALCo e.g. the risk management of non-interest bearing current account balances. Market risk management in the Group is actively administered on the basis of clearly delegated authorities that reflect the appropriate segregation of duty, fit for purpose trading environments with enabling technology and competent personnel with relevant skill and experience. It should be noted that credit risk issues inherent in the market risk portfolios are subject to the credit risk framework that was described in the previous section. A suite of policies and standards clarifies roles and responsibilities, and provides for effective measurement, monitoring and review of dealing positions. Market risk management aligns with trading business strategy through the articulation of an annual risk strategy and appetite statement. This process yields a suite of market risk limits that considers both the risk (e.g. VaR) and financial (e.g. Embedded Value and Stop Loss) impacts of Treasury activities. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 175 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.3 Market risk* (continued) Risk monitoring and reporting Quantitative and qualitative information is used at all levels of the organisation, up to and including the Board, to identify, assess and respond to market risk. The actual format and frequency of risk disclosure depends on the audience and purpose and ranges from transaction-level control and activity reporting to enterprise level risk profiles. For example, front office and risk functions receive the full range of daily control and activity, valuation, sensitivity and risk measurement reports, while the Board receives a monthly market risk commentary and summary risk profile. Market risk profile The following tables show Treasury’s market risk profile at the end of 2011 and 2010, measured in terms of Value at Risk (“VaR”) for each standard risk type. For interest rate risk positions, the table also differentiates between those positions that are accounted for on a mark to market (“MTM”) basis and those that are not. For internal reporting, the Group employs a 95% confidence interval, a 1-day holding period and a 1 year sample period. The trading book exposures in Treasury are included in the MTM portfolio column and the banking book exposures in Treasury are included in the ‘Other portfolio’ column. The equivalent profile for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is presented in note 74. The following tables illustrate the VaR figures for the years ended 31 December 2011 and 2010. It should be noted that the 2011 figures are not directly comparable to 2010 figures due to the disposal of BZWBK and the migration to a new VaR estimation methodology mid-year. The VaR estimation methodology was enhanced during the year to improve its risk sensitivity, drive consistency of risk assessment across separate categories of market risk and to facilitation model validation. The sale of BZWBK was completed in April 2011 and, consequently, the BZWBK Treasury VaR figures have been excluded from 2011 profile below. In addition, AIB implemented an historical simulation-based VaR methodology in June 2011 and adopted a 95% confidence interval, 1 day holding period and 1 year sample data for reporting and limit management purposes (previously, AIB employed a variance- covariance VaR methodology based on a 99% confidence interval, 1 month holding period and 3 years of sample data). Interest rate risk 1 day holding period: Average High Low 31 December VaR (MTM portfolio) 2011 € m 2010 € m VaR (Other portfolios) 2011 € m 2010 € m 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 2.4 3.7 0.9 2.0 4.9 6.0 3.3 5.8 8.0 12.6 4.9 7.2 Total VaR 2011 € m 4.9 6.0 3.4 5.8 2010 € m 6.6 11.8 4.4 5.7 On a like for like basis (using 95% 1 day & 1 year data and excluding BZWBK from both 2011 and 2010), Treasury’s interest rate VaR component rose slightly during 2011 to an average of € 4.9 million versus. € 3.5 million (end of year comparison was € 5.8 million compared to € 2.8 million) but exposure remains well below 2008/2009 levels (for example, December 2009 was € 5.7 million and December 2008 was € 13.1 million). Similarly, Treasury’s trading interest rate VaR average for 2011 was € 0.4 million compared to € 1.5 million in 2009. The factors affecting the overall interest rate VaR in 2011 were: a) b) c) d) A fall in the level of underlying strategic market risk exposures as legacy positions moved closer to final maturity; Increased Treasury banking book VaR arising from the management of the basis risk on the NAMA bond position as market spreads (cash versus. derivative) reached stressed levels; Lower trading book interest rate VaR reflecting the change in AIB’s business model and its concentration on liquidity management and banking book risk management activities; and A general reduction in Treasury’s risk appetite reflecting its current market view. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 176 3.3 Market risk* (continued) The following table sets out the VaR for equity and foreign exchange rate risk for the years ended 31 December 2011 and 2010. 1 day holding period: Average High Low 31 December Equity risk Foreign exchange rate risk-trading VaR (MTM portfolio) VaR (MTM portfolio) 2011 € m 2010 € m 2011 € m 2010 € m 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.9 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.4 - - 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.4 In terms of foreign exchange VaR, the level of overall exposure remains modest with very little change in average VaR levels between 2011 versus 2010. On a like for like basis, the yearly average in both years was approximately € 0.2 million. In terms of equity VaR, there was a modest rise in exposure during 2011 versus 2010 with the yearly average in 2011 reaching € 0.7 million compared to € 0.6 million in 2010, on a like for like basis. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 177 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.4 Non-trading interest rate risk* Non-trading interest rate risk is defined as the Group’s sensitivity to earnings volatility in its non-trading activity arising from movements in interest rates. This is referred to as interest rate risk in the banking book. It reflects a combination of non-trading treasury activity and interest rate risk arising in the Group’s retail, commercial and corporate operations. AIB’s treasury activity includes its money market business and management of internal funds flows with the Group’s businesses. These treasury transactions are also captured under the market risk VaR assessment measure. Non-trading interest rate risk in retail, commercial and corporate banking activities can arise from a variety of sources, including where those assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments have different repricing dates. Risk identification and assessment Banking book interest rate risk is calculated on the basis of establishing the repricing behaviour of each asset, liability and off-balance sheet product. For some products, the actual interest repricing characteristics differ from the contractual repricing arrangements. In these cases, the repricing maturity is determined by the market interest rates that most closely fit the behaviour of the product interest rate. For non-interest bearing current accounts, the repricing maturity is determined by the stability of the portfolio. The assumptions behind these repricing maturities and the stability levels of portfolios are reviewed periodically by Group ALCo. The risks from these exposures are managed through a series of VaR, basis point sensitivity and earnings at risk measures. The table below shows the sensitivity of the Group’s banking book to a hypothetical immediate and sustained 100 basis point (“bp”) movement in interest rates on 1 January 2012 and 2011 and its impact on net interest income over a twelve month period (12 month earnings at risk). Sensitivity of projected net interest income to interest rate movements: As at 31 December + 100 basis point parallel move in all interest rates - 100 basis point parallel move in all interest rates 2011 € m (11) 11 2010 € m (87) 92 The analysis is subject to certain simplifying assumptions including but not limited to: all rates of all maturities move simultaneously by the same amount; all positions on wholesale books run to maturity; and there is no management action in response to movements in interest rates, in particular no changes in product margins. In practice, positions in both retail and wholesale books are actively managed and the actual impact on interest income will be different to the model. Risk management and mitigation As a core risk management principle, the Group requires that all material interest rate risk is transferred to Group Treasury. This transferred banking book risk is managed as part of Group Treasury’s overall interest rate risk position. The Group manages structural interest rate risk volatility by maintaining a portfolio of instruments with interest rates fixed for several years. The size and maturity of this portfolio is determined by characteristics of the interest-free or fixed-rate liabilities or assets and, in the case of equity, an assumed average maturity. Risk monitoring and reporting Group ALCo monitors risk and has oversight responsibility for the Group’s banking book interest rate risk. Group ALCo meets on a monthly basis and receives standing reports on the Group’s asset and liability risk profile. It monitors positions against limits on a monthly basis. The Board approves and reviews relevant policies and limits. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 178 3.5 Structural foreign exchange risk* Structural foreign exchange exposures represent net investment in subsidiaries, associates and branches, the functional currencies of which are currencies other than euro. The Group hedges structural foreign exchange exposures only in limited circumstances. The Group’s objectives are to ensure, where practical, that its consolidated capital ratios are largely protected from the effect of changes in exchange rates and that the Group’s foreign currency earnings are managed within tolerance levels based on the budget for the forthcoming year, making use of other natural hedges within the Group’s balance sheet where these are available. Risk identification and assessment The Group prepares its consolidated statement of financial position in euro. Accordingly, the consolidated statement of financial position is affected by movements in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the euro. The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk as it translates foreign currencies into euro at each reporting period and the currency profile of the Group’s capital may not necessarily match that of its assets and risk-weighted assets. At 31 December 2011 and 2010, the Group’s structural foreign exchange position against the euro was as follows: US dollar Sterling Polish zloty 2011 € m 165 (478) - (313) 2010 € m 217 768 1,324 2,309 A 10% strengthening in sterling against the euro would result in a decrease in the Group’s core tier 1 ratio by 22 bps as at December 2011. Risk management and mitigation The Group’s structural foreign exchange hedging activity (on foreign currency earnings) is overseen by the Treasurer, advised by the Hedging Committee. The Hedging Committee also monitors and reports to Group ALCo on the foreign exchange sensitivity of consolidated capital ratios. Group ALCo sets the framework for and reviews the management of these activities. Risk monitoring and reporting The Board reviews and approves relevant policies and limits. Group ALCo monitors the Group’s structural foreign exchange risks. It meets on a monthly basis and receives standing reports on the Group’s asset and liability risk profile including structural foreign exchange risk. Open positions are reported as differences between expected earnings in the current year and the value of hedges in place. Exchange differences on structural exposures are recognised in ‘other income’ in the financial statements. 3.6 Operational risk Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. It includes legal risk, but excludes strategic and business risk. In essence, operational risk is a broad canvas of individual risk types which include information technology, business continuity, heath and safety risks, and legal risk. Risk identification and assessment Risk and Control Self-Assessment (‘self-assessment’) is a core process in the identification and assessment of operational risk across the enterprise. The process serves to ensure that key operational risks are proactively identified, evaluated, monitored and reported, and that appropriate action is taken. Self-assessment of risks is completed at business unit level and these are incorporated into the Operational Risk Self Assessment Risk template (“SART”) for the business unit. SARTs are regularly reviewed and updated by business unit management. A matrix is in place to enable the scaling of risks and plans must be developed to introduce mitigants for the more significant risks. Monitoring processes are in place at business and support level and Operational Risk Teams undertake reviews to ensure the completeness and robustness of each business unit’s self-assessment, and that appropriate attention is given to the more significant risks. Risk management and mitigation Each business area is primarily responsible for managing its own operational risks. An overarching Group Operational Risk Management (“ORM”) framework is in place, designed to establish an effective and consistent approach to operational risk management across the enterprise. The Group ORM framework is also supported by a range of specific policies addressing issues such as information security and business continuity management. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 179 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.6 Operational risk (continued) An important element of the Group’s operational risk management framework is the ongoing monitoring through self-assessment of risks, control deficiencies and weaknesses, plus the tracking of incidents and loss events. The role of Operational Risk is to review and coordinate operational risk management activities across the Group including setting policy and standards and promoting best practice disciplines augmented by an independent assurance process. The Group requires all business areas to undertake risk assessments and establish appropriate internal controls in order to make sure that all components, taken together, deliver the control objectives of key risk management processes. In addition, an insurance programme is in place, including a self insured retention, to cover a number of risk events which would fall under the operational risk umbrella. These include financial lines policies (comprehensive crime/computer crime; professional indemnity/civil liability; employment practices liability; directors and officers liability) and a suite of general insurance policies to cover such things as property and business interruption, terrorism, combined liability and personal accident. Risk monitoring and reporting The primary objective of the operational risk management reporting and control process within the Group is to provide timely, pertinent operational risk information to the appropriate management level so as to enable appropriate corrective action to be taken and to resolve material incidents which have already occurred. A secondary objective is to provide a trend analysis on operational risk and incident data for the Group. The reporting of operational incidents and trend data at the Executive Risk and Board Risk committees supports these two objectives. In addition, the Board, Group Audit Committee and the Executive Committee receive summary information on significant operational incidents on a regular basis. Business units are required to review and update their assessment of their operational risks on a regular basis. Operational Risk assurance teams undertake review and challenge assessments of the business unit risk assessments. In addition, quality assurance teams which are independent of the business undertake reviews of the operational controls in the retail branch networks as part of a combined regulatory/compliance/operational risk programme. Operational Risk - New Target Operating Model AIB has developed a new target operating model for operational risk to ensure the framework outlined above is embedded and executed more robustly across the Group. The key principles of the new model are: - A strong operational risk function, appropriately staffed and clearly independent of the first line of defence; - Technology in place to support assessment and mitigation of operational risks; and - Greater control effectiveness testing by operational risk. 3.7 Regulatory compliance risk* Regulatory compliance risk is defined as the risk of regulatory sanctions, material financial loss or loss to reputation which the Group may suffer as a result of failure to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, rules, standards and codes of conduct applicable to its activities. Regulatory Compliance is an enterprise-wide function which operates independently of the business. The function is responsible for identifying compliance obligations arising in each of the Group’s operating markets. Regulatory Compliance work closely with management in assessing compliance risks and provide advice and guidance on addressing these risks. Risk-based monitoring of compliance by the business with regulatory obligations is undertaken. The Regulatory Compliance function also promotes the embedding of an ethical framework within AIB’s businesses to ensure that the Group operates with honesty, fairness and integrity. A code of Business Ethics is in place for all staff alongside a Leadership Code for more senior staff. These are supported by a suite of policies. New Board driven codes are being put in place to enhance and build on the existing codes. Risk identification and assessment The Regulatory Compliance function is specifically responsible for independently identifying and assessing current and forward looking ‘conduct of business’ compliance obligations, including anti-money laundering and regulation on privacy and data protection. The identification, interpretation and communication roles relating to other legal and regulatory obligations have been assigned to functions with specialist knowledge in those areas. For example, employment law is assigned to Human Resources, taxation law to Group Taxation and prudential regulation to the Finance and Risk functions. Regulatory Compliance undertakes a periodic detailed assessment of the key ‘conduct of business’ compliance risks and associated mitigants. These are collated and processed by Regulatory Compliance into an overall enterprise-wide review of compliance risks as part of the Group’s Material Risk Assessment. This is reviewed by the ERC and ultimately, the Group Audit Committee. The Regulatory Compliance function supports and validates this approach by operating a risk framework model that is used in collaboration with business units to identify, assess and manage key compliance risks at business unit level. These risks are incorporated into the SARTs for the relevant business unit. 180 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 3.7 Regulatory compliance risk (continued) Risk management and mitigation The Board, operating through the Audit Committee, approves the Group’s compliance policy and the mandate for the Regulatory Compliance function. Management is responsible for ensuring that the Group complies with its regulatory responsibilities. ExCo’s responsibilities in respect of compliance include the establishment and maintenance of the framework for internal controls and the control environment in which compliance policy operates thereby ensuring that Regulatory Compliance is suitably independent from business activities and that it is adequately resourced. The primary role of the Regulatory Compliance function is to provide direction and advice to enable management to discharge its responsibility for managing the Group’s compliance risks. Regulatory Compliance is also mandated to conduct investigations of possible breaches of compliance policy and to appoint outside legal counsel or other specialist external resources to perform this task, if appropriate. The principal compliance risk mitigants are risk identification, assessment, measurement and the establishment of suitable controls at business level. In addition, the Group has insurance policies that cover a number of risk events which fall under the regulatory compliance umbrella. Risk monitoring and reporting Regulatory Compliance undertakes risk-based monitoring of compliance with relevant policies, procedures and regulatory obligations. Monitoring can be undertaken by either dedicated compliance monitoring teams or quality assurance teams in retail segments, covering both operational risk and regulatory compliance, at the direction of the compliance function. Risk prioritised annual compliance monitoring plans are prepared based on the risk assessment process. Monitoring is undertaken both on a business unit and a process basis. The annual monitoring plan is reviewed regularly, and updated to reflect changes in the risk profile from emerging risks, changes in risk assessments and new regulatory ‘hotspots’. Issues emerging from compliance monitoring are escalated for management attention, and action plans and implementation dates are agreed. The implementation of these action plans is monitored by Regulatory Compliance. Regulatory Compliance report to the Executive Risk Committee, business unit management teams and independently to the Board of directors, through the Audit Committee, on the effectiveness of the processes established to ensure compliance with laws and regulations within its scope. 3.8 Pension risk Pension’s risk is the risk that the funding position of the Group’s defined benefit plans would deteriorate to such an extent that the Group would be required to make additional contributions to cover its pension obligations towards current and former employees. Pension risk includes market risk, investment risk and actuarial risk. The Group maintains a number of defined benefit pension schemes for past and current employees, further details of which are included in note 12 to the financial statements. The ability of the pension funds to meet the projected pension payments is maintained through the diversification of the investment portfolio across geographies and across a wide range of assets including equities, bonds and property. Market risk arises because the estimated market value of the pension fund assets might decline or their investment returns might reduce. Actuarial risk is the risk that the estimated value of the pension liabilities might increase. In these circumstances, the Group could be required, or might choose, to make extra contributions to the pension fund. 181 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.9 Discontinued operations - Credit risk Loans and receivables by geographic location and industry sector Poland* Agriculture Energy Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Other Lease financing Unearned income Provisions - specific Provisions - IBNR Total Total loans and receivables to customers € m 133 70 978 2,542 837 81 125 318 1,821 1,051 685 8,641 (67) (259) (85) 8,230 of which impaired € m 12 1 62 264 57 15 2 23 19 97 35 587 - - - 587 Aged analysis of contractually past due but not impaired loans and receivables to customers* Agriculture Manufacturing Construction and property Distribution Transport Financial Other services Personal - Home mortgages - Credit cards - Other As a percentage of total loans(1) 1-30 days € m 31-60 days € m 61-90 days € m 91+ days € m 10 31 17 27 15 2 12 50 6 50 220 2.5% 2 3 12 15 3 - 4 11 2 12 64 0.7% 1 1 2 1 1 - - 3 1 7 17 0.2% - - 1 - - - - - - 2 3 0.1% 2010 Provision for impairment € m (7) (1) (29) (68) (28) (7) (1) (13) (8) (77) (20) (259) - - (85) (344) 2010 Total € m 13 35 32 43 19 2 16 64 9 71 304 3.5% (1)Total loans relate to loans and receivables to customers and are gross of provisions and unearned income. The figures reported are inclusive of overdrafts, bridging loans and cases with expired limits. Where a borrower is past due, the entire exposure is reported, rather than the amount of any arrears. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 182 3.9 Discontinued operations - Credit risk (continued) Internal credit ratings Loans and receivables to customers Lendings classifications: Corporate/commercial includes loans to corporate and larger commercial enterprises processed through one of the Group’s corporate/commercial rating tools, where the exposure is typically greater than € 300,000. Residential mortgages includes loans for the purchase of residential properties processed through Group residential mortgage rating tools. In some circumstances, residential mortgage exposures can be processed through the Group’s Corporate and Commercial rating tools (e.g. where a borrower has multiple investment properties). Other includes loans to SMEs and individuals. In some cases behaviour scoring and credit scoring methodologies are used. Details of the Group’s rating profiles and masterscale ranges are set out on page 130. Masterscale grade* 1 to 3 4 to 10 11 to 13 Past due but not impaired Impaired Unearned income Provisions Total Corporate/ Commercial € m - 3,133 730 3,863 48 323 Residential mortgages € m 918 799 20 1,737 65 19 4,234 1,821 Other € m 16 1,841 293 2,150 191 245 2,586 2010 Total € m 934 5,773 1,043 7,750 304(1) 587 8,641 (67) (344) 8,230 (1)Of this amount € 6 million relates to masterscale grade 1 - 3, € 138 million relates to masterscale grade 4 - 10, and € 160 million relates to masterscale grade 11 - 13. Criticised loans at 31 December 2010 amounted to € 1.6 billion or 18.7% of loans and receivables to customers, within discontinued operations. External credit ratings* The external ratings profiles of loans and receivables to banks, trading portfolio financial assets (excluding equity securities), financial investments available for sale (excluding equity securities) and financial investments held to maturity are as follows: AAA/AA A Total Bank € m 111 40 151 Sovereign € m - 3,546 3,546 2010 Total € m 111 3,586 3,697 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 183 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.10 Parent company risk information The tables on the following pages provide various risk disclosures for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Maximum exposure to credit risk* Balances at central banks(1) Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets(2) Derivative financial instruments(3) Loans and receivables to banks(4) Loans and receivables to customers(5) NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale(6) Other assets: Sale of securities awaiting settlement Trade receivables Accrued interest(7) Financial guarantees Loan commitments and other credit related commitments Amortised cost € m Fair value € m 527 100 - 1,129 - - 36,028 42,074 19,509 - 2 83 515 - - - - 54 3,025 - - - 13,132 - - - 2011 Total € m 527 100 - 1,129 54 3,025 36,028 42,074 19,509 13,132 2 83 515 Amortised cost € m 1,462 134 575 74 - - 45,601 63,496 7,869 - 2 16 449 Fair value € m - - 1 - 31 3,534 - - - 19,082 - - - 2010 Total € m 1,462 134 576 74 31 3,534 45,601 63,496 7,869 19,082 2 16 449 99,967 1,575 16,211 - 116,178 1,575 119,678 3,338 22,648 - 142,326 3,338 8,269 9,844 - - 8,269 9,844 11,330 14,668 - - 11,330 14,668 Maximum exposure to credit risk 109,811 16,211 126,022 134,346 22,648 156,994 (1)Included within cash and balances at central banks of € 1,067 million (2010: € 2,007 million). (2)Excluding equity shares of € 2 million (2010: € 2 million). (3)Exposures to subsidiary undertakings of € 356 million (2010: € 470 million) have been included. (4)Exposures to subsidiary undertakings of € 33,441 million (2010: € 43,433 million) have been included. (5)Exposures to subsidiary undertakings of € 11,868 million (2010: € 15,203 million) have been included. (6)Excluding equity shares of € 204 million (2010: € 237 million). (7)Exposures to subsidiary undertakings of € 42 million (2010: € 40 million) have been included. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 184 3.10 Parent company risk information (continued) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. takes collateral as a secondary source of repayment in the event of the borrower’s default. The nature of collateral taken is set out on page 73. The following sets out the fair value of collateral accepted by Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. at 31 December 2011 in relation to financial assets detailed in the maximum exposure to credit risk table on page 184: Loans and receivables to banks Interbank placings, including central banks, is largely carried out on an unsecured basis apart from reverse repurchase agreements. At 31 December 2011, Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. has received collateral with a fair value of € 55 million on a loan with a carrying value of € 59 million (2010: Nil). Loans and receivables to customers The following tables show the fair value of collateral held for residential mortgages: Fully collateralised(1) Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 90% 91% - 100% Partially collateralised Collateral value relating to loans over 100% loan to value Total collateral value Gross residential mortgages Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Neither past due nor impaired € m Past due but not impaired € m Impaired € m 143 142 79 81 162 607 993 1,600 1,916 3 2 2 3 3 13 50 63 83 6 7 4 6 12 35 200 235 310 (103) 2011 Total € m 152 151 85 90 177 655 1,243 1,898 2,309(2) (103) (65) Net residential mortgages 207 2,141 185 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.10 Parent company risk information (continued) Loans and receivable to customers (continued) Fully collateralised(1) Loan-to-value ratio: Less than 50% 50% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 90% 91% - 100% Partially collateralised Collateral value relating to loans over 100% loan to value Total collateral value Gross residential mortgages Statement of financial position specific provisions Statement of financial position IBNR provisions Net residential mortgages Neither past due nor impaired € m Past due but not impaired € m Impaired € m 527 589 352 590 968 3,026 2,706 5,732 6,138 16 20 10 16 27 89 136 225 270 10 12 9 15 12 58 113 171 256 (48) 2010 Total € m 553 621 371 621 1,007 3,173 2,955 6,128 6,664(2) (48) (87) 208 6,529 (1)The fair value of collateral held for mortgages with loan-to-value ratios of under 100% has been capped at the amount of the loans outstanding at each year end. (2)Excludes purchased residential mortgage pools of € 178 million (2010: € 196 million). While AIB considers a borrower’s repayment capacity is paramount in granting any loan, the Company also takes collateral in support of lending transactions for the purchase of residential property. There are clear policies in place which set out the type of property which is acceptable as collateral and the loan to property value relationship. Collateral valuations are required at the time of origination of each residential mortgage. The fair value at 31 December 2011 is based on the property values at origination and applying the CSO (Ireland) and Nationwide (UK) indices to these values to take account of price movements in the interim. Non-mortgage portfolios Details of collateral in relation to the non mortgage portfolio are set out on page 75. NAMA senior bonds Allied Irish Banks p.l.c. holds a guarantee from the Irish Government in respect of NAMA senior bonds which at 31 December 2011 have a carrying value of €19,509 million (2010: €7,869 million) Financial investments available for sale At 31 December 2011, government guaranteed senior bank debt amounting to € 554 million (2010: € 1.1 billion) was held within the available for sale portfolio. 186 1 1 0 2 l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n l a t o T d l e h e l a s m € 6 1 3 2 3 3 6 7 6 3 7 3 3 6 5 1 - - 0 6 r o f s t e s s a d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 5 9 7 , 1 0 2 6 2 0 5 , 1 8 0 6 , 6 1 0 2 7 , 6 6 8 1 , 1 6 4 1 , 1 5 3 7 , 3 1 2 7 2 4 , 2 3 3 7 , 4 3 3 1 , 1 3 9 4 , 0 4 ) 2 ( - ) 9 ( ) 3 9 ( 3 ) 7 9 1 , 0 1 ( 2 2 1 , 1 ) 1 6 0 2 , 0 3 d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l l a t o T t n e r r u c - n o n o t l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r t n e r r u c - n o n o t l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r t n e r r u c - n o n o t l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d l e h e l a s m € - 4 7 1 0 1 2 1 1 5 3 - - 4 - - 4 5 9 8 3 ) 1 ( - ) 9 ( 9 7 3 r o f s t e s s a m € s r e m o t s u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 1 4 7 1 9 2 2 - 1 1 - - - ) 1 ( 0 3 2 - - 9 2 2 m € - 7 2 2 1 4 4 5 0 1 - 9 5 2 - - - 7 5 3 ) 1 ( - ) 3 1 ( 3 4 3 s r e m o t s u c - 4 3 - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - 5 4 5 4 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € - 9 0 2 2 3 1 7 8 6 8 7 4 3 0 6 3 1 1 8 2 3 - - - 0 5 5 , 2 ) 7 ( - ) 6 8 1 ( 7 5 3 , 2 s r e m o t s u c 6 9 3 2 9 2 0 9 3 - 6 - 6 - - - - - 9 6 4 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 5 9 7 , 1 4 8 3 8 5 3 , 1 7 7 8 , 5 1 7 3 2 , 6 3 7 5 3 3 0 , 1 8 4 1 , 3 1 2 7 2 4 , 2 3 3 7 , 4 3 ) 5 8 ( 6 8 5 , 7 3 ) 8 9 9 , 9 ( y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s t s o c d e r r e f e D s n o i s i v o r P 9 6 4 6 0 5 , 7 2 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T . n o i l l i m 8 6 8 , 1 1 € f o s e c n a l a b y n a p m o c r e t n i s e d u l c x E ) 1 ( s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 187 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A n h t i i w g n i s i r a s e r u s o p x e y t r a p d r i h t o t y l n o s e t a l e r e t o n s i h t n i d e n i a t n o c n o i t a m r o f n i e h T ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 5 2 6 3 4 1 - 7 2 8 8 - - 2 1 7 ) 7 3 1 ( 5 7 5 l a t o T d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 7 2 9 , 1 9 8 1 , 1 2 6 8 , 2 5 3 0 , 9 1 5 9 1 , 8 8 7 4 , 1 2 7 6 , 1 7 2 7 , 5 8 9 6 7 , 6 5 4 3 , 5 ) 7 2 1 ( ) 7 8 7 , 5 ( 7 0 2 , 4 5 ) 1 ( 3 9 2 , 8 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - m € 3 6 1 3 5 1 4 9 4 8 5 2 - 8 9 - - - ) 2 ( ) 7 1 ( 8 6 9 9 4 9 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - m € 1 0 2 0 6 2 3 7 2 2 1 3 7 9 2 1 5 7 - - - ) 5 ( ) 3 2 ( 8 6 9 , 1 0 4 9 , 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - 8 5 - - - - - - - - - 8 5 8 5 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - m € 8 9 2 5 1 4 8 2 8 2 4 7 1 6 6 6 9 2 9 9 8 - - 8 ) 8 1 ( ) 2 2 1 ( 7 4 1 , 4 7 0 0 , 4 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 7 6 5 3 4 1 - 7 2 8 8 - - 4 5 6 ) 7 3 1 ( 7 1 5 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 7 2 5 7 2 9 , 1 4 3 2 , 2 1 8 9 , 6 1 3 7 2 , 7 2 4 7 7 4 3 , 1 9 7 9 , 3 - 9 6 7 , 6 5 4 3 , 5 ) 2 0 1 ( ) 5 2 6 , 5 ( 4 2 1 , 7 4 y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L r e h t O - e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s n o i s i v o r P . n o i l l i m 3 0 2 , 5 1 € f o s e c n a l a b y n a p m o c r e t n i s e d u l c x E ) 1 ( 7 9 3 , 1 4 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 188 1 1 0 2 l a t o T 7 2 0 1 , 1 3 1 1 , 1 ) 2 ( 2 8 1 3 3 1 , 1 ) 2 ( - ) 9 ( 2 2 1 , 1 l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n 4 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € 4 9 2 , 3 4 8 6 , 3 3 1 3 , 6 1 1 9 2 , 3 2 ) 1 ( 6 4 2 , 2 6 5 9 , 4 1 3 9 4 , 0 4 3 ) 3 9 ( ) 7 9 1 , 0 1 ( 6 0 2 , 0 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € 6 3 0 , 1 9 4 1 , 2 0 0 2 , 1 5 8 3 , 4 1 5 4 7 2 1 , 1 3 6 9 , 5 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - 1 4 1 4 2 2 1 5 5 l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a m € 6 3 5 0 4 2 2 3 0 , 1 8 0 8 , 1 8 4 3 5 2 9 0 1 , 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - 6 7 1 6 0 , 1 2 7 0 , 1 8 7 0 , 1 l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n 4 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 2 2 7 , 1 4 4 2 , 2 2 3 1 , 3 1 8 9 0 , 7 1 7 4 7 , 1 6 7 5 , 3 1 1 2 4 , 2 3 r e h t O s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e R l a i c r e m m o C / e t a r o p r o C d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a P d e r i a p m I e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a M 3 o t 0 1 o t 1 4 3 1 o t 1 1 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s t s o c d e r r e f e D s n o i s i v o r P r e t a e r g y l l a c i p y t s i e r u s o p x e e h t e r e h w , s l o o t g n i t a r l a i c r e m m o c / e t a r o p r o c s ’ B I A f o e n o h g u o r h t d e s s e c o r p s e s i r p r e t n e l a i c r e m m o c r e g r a l d n a e t a r o p r o c o t s n a o l s e d u l c n i l a i c r e m m o c / e t a r o p r o C s e r u s o p x e e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r , s e c n a t s m u c r i c e m o s n I . s l o o t g n i t a r e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e r B I A h g u o r h t d e s s e c o r p s e i t r e p o r p l a i t n e d i s e r f o e s a h c r u p e h t r o f s n a o l s e d u l c n i s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e R . 0 0 0 , 0 0 3 € n a h t . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 9 3 2 , 1 € d n a ; 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 2 4 9 € ; 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 5 6 € , t n u o m a s i h t f O ) 1 ( 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e R ) 2 ( s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I : s n o i t a c i f i s s a l c s g n i d n e L . ) s e i t r e p o r p t n e m t s e v n i e l p i t l u m s a h r e w o r r o b a e r e h w . g . e ( s l o o t g n i t a r l a i c r e m m o c d n a e t a r o p r o c s ’ B I A h g u o r h t d e s s e c o r p e b n a c . d e s u e r a l s e i g o o d o h t e m g n i r o c s t i d e r c d n a g n i r o c s r u o i v a h e b s e s a c e m o s n I . s l a u d i v i d n i d n a s E M S o t s n a o l s e d u l c n i r e h t O . 0 3 1 e g a p n o t u o t e s e r a s e g n a r e l a c s r e t s a m d n a s e l i f o r p g n i t a r e h t f o s l i a t e D s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 189 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i * s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l - s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 * s s a c l t e s s a y b s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I 0 1 0 2 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - 1 1 4 0 5 1 6 4 ) 2 ( 8 2 3 2 2 2 1 7 - ) 7 3 1 ( 5 7 5 l a t o T r e h t O s e g a g t r o m l a i t n e d i s e R l a i c r e m m o C / e t a r o p r o C ) d e u n i t n o c ( * s s a c l t e s s a y b s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 0 0 0 , 6 5 2 5 , 0 3 0 0 4 , 4 5 2 9 , 0 4 ) 1 ( 9 0 0 , 4 3 7 2 , 9 7 0 2 , 4 5 ) 7 2 1 ( ) 7 8 7 , 5 ( 3 9 2 , 8 4 - - - - 1 - 1 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 2 5 1 , 1 0 5 4 , 2 2 5 3 , 1 4 5 9 , 4 7 7 6 5 3 9 6 6 5 , 6 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 3 3 , 2 8 1 1 , 3 2 1 4 3 6 8 , 5 9 7 2 1 1 1 3 5 2 , 6 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - 1 1 4 0 5 1 6 4 7 2 2 1 2 0 0 7 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 5 1 5 , 2 7 5 9 , 4 2 6 3 6 , 2 8 0 1 , 0 3 3 5 0 , 3 7 2 2 , 8 8 8 3 , 1 4 d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a P d e r i a p m I e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a M 3 o t 0 1 o t 1 4 3 1 o t 1 1 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T e m o c n i d e n r a e n U s n o i s i v o r P . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 0 6 5 , 2 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 9 5 3 , 1 € , 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 0 9 € , t n u o m a s i h t . 3 1 - 1 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 6 2 € d n a , 0 1 - 4 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r n o i l l i m 2 € , 3 - 1 e d a r g e l a c s r e t s a m o t s e t a l e r l i N t n u o m a s i h t f f O ) 1 ( O ) 2 ( s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 190 ) d e u n i t n o c ( * s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l - s g n i t a r t i d e r c l a n r e t n I ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 1 1 0 2 l a t o T d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R - - - - - - - - - - 8 1 8 1 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 9 9 2 6 3 4 9 2 2 2 1 , 9 7 6 5 , 2 8 0 1 8 6 1 6 1 7 2 2 9 3 2 5 2 , 1 6 5 9 , 4 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n - 3 1 3 4 m € 2 - - - - - - 9 4 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € - - 9 1 0 7 1 2 7 1 - 0 9 - - - 2 5 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - 6 - - 6 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € 9 9 2 3 3 4 7 2 9 0 9 , 8 3 9 4 , 2 7 0 1 8 6 1 6 2 6 2 2 9 3 2 5 2 , 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - g n i c n a n i f e s a e L - r e h t O - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 5 5 5 , 4 1 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 191 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 7 6 1 6 3 - - 5 1 - 5 3 2 2 l a t o T d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 9 1 8 3 5 2 4 1 6 , 5 3 8 5 , 1 8 8 3 7 4 2 4 0 6 2 7 7 7 3 7 2 , 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 1 - - - 3 2 - - 0 4 - - - - - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - 1 - 0 4 2 2 2 1 - - - - 5 7 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 7 4 6 - 2 1 8 1 - - 7 6 1 - - - 7 6 1 6 3 - - 5 1 - 5 3 2 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 3 9 1 7 0 5 2 7 8 4 , 5 7 9 4 , 1 6 7 1 6 3 8 3 0 6 2 7 7 7 y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - r e h t O - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 1 9 9 , 8 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b s n a o l d e r i a p m I ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 192 1 1 0 2 l a t o T s y a d + 1 9 s y a d 0 9 - 1 6 s y a d 0 6 - 1 3 s y a d 0 3 - 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 % 2 . 0 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € 2 4 1 9 0 5 1 6 8 8 3 4 4 2 0 1 9 8 1 1 8 5 8 7 5 3 % 6 . 5 6 4 2 , 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 % 2 . 0 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € 5 3 4 3 1 0 9 3 0 0 2 6 6 4 7 9 3 3 1 5 1 0 3 9 % 3 . 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n 0 1 m € 1 1 7 9 4 4 2 1 2 1 8 1 1 3 3 % 5 . 0 0 2 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € - 6 3 5 1 1 7 7 2 1 7 1 6 2 1 2 6 1 7 5 % 9 . 0 7 7 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € 3 5 3 1 2 7 4 2 3 2 1 9 2 7 7 9 1 9 4 6 1 1 9 1 7 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - s d r a c t i d e r C - r e h t O - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T % 8 . 1 ) 1 ( s n a o l l a t o t f o e g a t n e c r e p a s A . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a ) y n a p m o c r e t n i g n i d u l c x e ( s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 ( * s e i t i l i c a f d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a p y l l a u t c a r t n o c f o s i s y l a n a d e g A ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 193 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 1 2 1 - - 2 3 - 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 7 8 1 0 1 6 5 1 7 5 0 6 8 , 1 2 4 9 1 1 2 3 7 6 2 5 0 1 1 7 5 - - - 7 1 1 - - 2 2 - 1 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € 6 4 2 3 1 7 1 8 6 0 2 8 0 1 5 0 1 0 7 0 1 6 2 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c 8 2 % 8 . 3 % 4 . 7 9 0 0 , 4 3 2 % 2 . 3 % 8 . 2 3 1 5 , 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - % 0 . 0 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € 5 1 1 9 0 2 1 9 4 4 - 5 2 0 3 3 1 2 5 % 6 . 0 8 1 3 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 % 1 . 0 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € 9 3 1 1 1 9 8 3 7 0 1 3 2 0 4 9 3 1 2 7 9 % 4 . 1 9 4 7 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - 3 - - - - 1 - - 4 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € 7 8 6 3 2 4 3 5 9 0 2 7 2 7 1 5 1 8 2 1 1 6 6 9 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - s d r a c t i d e r C - r e h t O - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P 9 2 4 , 1 . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T % 5 . 0 % 6 . 2 ) 1 ( s n a o l l a t o t f o e g a t n e c r e p a s A . e m o c n i d e n r a e n u d n a s n o i s i v o r p f o s s o r g e r a d n a ) y n a p m o c r e t n i g n i d u l c x e ( s r e m o t s u c o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o l o t e t a l e r s n a o l l a t o T ) 1 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * l a t o T s y a d + 1 9 s y a d 0 9 - 1 6 s y a d 0 6 - 1 3 s y a d 0 3 - 1 ) d e u n i t n o c ( * s e i t i l i c a f d e r i a p m i t o n t u b e u d t s a p y l l a u t c a r t n o c f o s i s y l a n a d e g A ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 194 1 1 0 2 l a t o T d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U m o d g n i K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 6 9 d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 2 9 1 7 2 2 8 1 0 2 2 , 5 5 8 4 , 1 7 7 3 3 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 4 5 8 2 6 7 , 8 5 3 4 , 1 7 9 1 , 0 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 6 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 7 - - - - - - 1 1 2 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 3 3 1 5 3 - 9 5 - - 7 5 1 9 2 6 8 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c d l e h e l a s m € r o f s t e s s a l a s o p s i D d n a s p u o r g t n e r r u c - n o n m € 2 9 1 4 2 0 7 1 0 8 1 , 5 4 3 4 , 1 4 7 3 3 1 6 8 3 7 4 1 4 5 8 4 9 5 , 8 4 0 4 , 1 8 9 9 , 9 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P r e h t O - c i f i c e p S R N B I . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b t n e m r i a p m i r o f n o i s i v o r p l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * 195 s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 0 1 0 2 m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 9 3 8 - - 3 - 2 2 5 5 8 7 3 1 l a t o T d l r o W e h t f o t s e R a c i r e m A f o s e t a t S d e t i n U i m o d g n K d e t i n U d n a l e r I f o c i l b u p e R d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 0 0 1 5 3 1 1 4 1 7 2 7 3 , 2 0 5 7 4 5 1 2 2 6 2 7 4 0 5 1 , 4 7 3 6 , 1 7 8 7 , 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 - - - 0 1 - - - 7 1 7 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - - - 4 1 2 6 - - - - 2 2 1 3 2 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c - - - - - - - - - - - - - m € s t e s s a r o f d l e h o t e l a s A M A N l a i c n a n F i m € - - - 4 5 0 4 - 2 6 - - 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € s t e s s a o t e l a s r o f d l e h A M A N l a i c n a n F i - - - 9 3 8 - - 3 - 2 2 5 5 8 7 3 1 d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r o t s r e m o t s u c m € 0 0 1 5 0 1 1 2 7 6 0 0 3 , 2 4 4 5 4 9 9 1 2 6 2 7 4 9 0 0 , 4 6 1 6 , 1 5 2 6 , 5 y t r e p o r p d n a n o i t c u r t s n o C g n i r u t c a f u n a M e r u t l u c i r g A y g r e n E s e g a g t r o m e m o H - n o i t u b i r t s i D t r o p s n a r T l a i c n a n F i s e c i v r e s r e h t O l a n o s r e P r e h t O - c i f i c e p S R N B I . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( * r o t c e s y r t s u d n i d n a n o i t a c o l c i h p a r g o e g y b t n e m r i a p m i r o f n o i s i v o r p l a t o T ) d e u n i t n o c ( n o i t a m r o f n i k s i r y n a p m o c t n e r a P 0 1 . 3 s t n e m e t a t s l a i c n a n i f d e t i d u a e h t f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a s m r o F * s e p y t k s i r l i a u d v d n I i . 3 - t n e m e g a n a m k s R i 196 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.10 Parent company risk information (continued) Leveraged debt amounts to € 379 million, all of which is included within loans and receivables to customers (note 30). Leveraged debt by geographic location* United Kingdom Rest of Europe United States of America Rest of World Funded leveraged debt by industry sector* Agriculture Construction and property Distribution Energy Financial Manufacturing Transport Other services Funded € m 2011 Unfunded € m 58 131 189 1 379 12 13 32 - 57 Funded € m 600 885 1,217 166 2,868 2011 € m - - 102 - 3 177 18 79 379 2010 Unfunded € m 102 214 338 100 754 2010 € m 6 14 564 70 98 1,072 96 948 2,868 Leveraged lending (including the financing of management buy-outs, buy-ins and private equity buyouts) is conducted primarily through specialist lending teams. The leveraged loan book is held as part of the loans and receivables to customers portfolio. Specific impairment provisions of € 11 million (2010: € 79 million) are currently held against impaired exposures of € 30 million (2010: € 190 million) where there has been a permanent reduction in the value of the credit assets in question. These impaired exposures are not included in the analysis above. The unfunded element above includes off-balance sheet facilities and the undrawn element of facility commitments. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 197 Risk management - 3. Individual risk types 3.10 Parent company risk information (continued) External credit ratings* The external ratings profiles of loans and receivables to banks, NAMA senior bonds, trading portfolio financial assets (excluding equity securities) and financial investments available for sale (excluding equity shares) are as follows: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. AAA/AA A BBB+/BBB/BBB- Sub investment Unrated Total Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. AAA/AA A BBB+/BBB/BBB- Sub investment Unrated Total Bank(1) € m Corporate € m Sovereign € m 1,102 1,015 2,701 157 96 5,071 - 14 77 150 160 401 3,362 175 24,482(2) 48 - Other € m 1,468 171 35 68 1 2011 Total € m 5,932 1,375 27,295 423 257 28,067 1,743 35,282 Bank(1) € m Corporate € m Sovereign € m 2,933 2,685 1,811 134 13 7,576 3 23 176 249 197 648 4,994 847 11,582 36 - 17,459 Other € m 3,249 122 45 39 12 3,467 2010 Total € m 11,179 3,677 13,614 458 222 29,150 (1)Excludes loans to subsidiaries of € 33,441 million (2010: € 43,433 million). (2)Includes NAMA senior bonds which do not have an external credit rating and to which the Group has attributed a rating of BBB+ i.e. the external rating of the Sovereign. *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 198 3.10 Parent company risk information (continued) Market risk profile of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.* Interest rate risk 1 day holding period: Average High Low 31 December 1 day holding period: Average High Low 31 December VaR (MTM portfolio) 2010 € m 2011 € m VaR (Other portfolios) 2010 € m 2011 € m 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 2.1 3.1 0.9 2.0 4.9 6.0 3.3 5.7 6.4 10.5 3.9 5.5 Total VaR 2011 € m 4.9 5.9 3.4 5.8 2010 € m 4.9 9.5 3.2 4.1 Equity risk Foreign exchange rate risk-trading VaR (MTM portfolio) VaR (MTM portfolio) 2011 € m 2010 € m 2011 € m 2010 € m 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.4 - - 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.3 *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements 199 Governance & oversight 1. The Board & Executive Committee 2. Report of the Directors 3. Corporate Governance statement 4. Supervision & Regulation 4.1 Current climate of regulatory change 4.2 Ireland 4.3 United Kingdom 4.4 United States 4.5 Other locations Page 201 204 207 218 218 222 225 226 200 Governance & oversight - 1. The Board & Executive Committee Certain information in respect of the Directors and Executive Officers is set out below. David Hodgkinson — Chairman (Non-Executive Director) and Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee Chairman Mr Hodgkinson was Group Chief Operating Officer for HSBC Holdings plc from May 2006 until his retirement from the company in December 2008. During his career with HSBC, he held a number of senior management positions in the Middle and Far East, and Europe, including as Managing Director of The Saudi British Bank, and CEO of HSBC Bank Middle East. Mr Hodgkinson, who joined HSBC in 1969, has also served as Chairman of HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, HSBC Bank A S Turkey, Arabian Gulf Investments (Far East) Limited and HSBC Global Resourcing (UK) Ltd. He was a Director of HSBC Bank Egypt SAE, The Saudi British Bank, Bank of Bermuda Limited, HSBC TrinkausBurkhardt and British Arab Commercial Bank. Mr Hodgkinson joined the Board as Executive Chairman on 27 October 2010 and became Non-Executive Chairman with effect from 12 December 2011. He has been Chairman of the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of the Remuneration Committee since January 2011. (Age 61) Simon Ball FCA, BSc (Economics) — Non-Executive Director Mr Ball is currently the Non-Executive Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Director of Cable & Wireless Communications plc, and a Non-Executive Director of Tribal Group plc. Prior to this, Mr. Ball has served as Group Finance Director of 3i Group plc and the Robert Fleming Group, held a series of senior finance and operational roles at Dresdner Kleinwort Benson, and was Director General, Finance for HMG Department for Constitutional Affairs. Mr Ball joined the Board in October 2011 and has been a member of the Board Risk Committee since November 2011.(Age 51) Bernard Byrne* FCA — Director of Personal & Business Banking Mr Byrne joined AIB in May 2010 as Group Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee and took up his current post in May 2011.He began his career as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) in 1988 and joined ESB International in 1994. In 1998 he took up the post of Finance Director with IWP International Plc before moving to ESB in 2004 where he held the post of Group Finance and Commercial Director when he left to join AIB. Mr Byrne was co-opted to the Board on 24 June 2011 and was appointed Non-Executive Director of EBS Limited in July 2011. (Age 43) Declan Collier BA Mod (Econ), MSc (Econ) — Non-Executive Director Mr Collier is Chief Executive of the Dublin Airport Authority (DAA) and is President of Airports Council International (Europe) and a member of World boards of Airports Council International, the representative association of airports internationally. He is a Director of Dublin Airport Authority p.l.c., and is Chairman of AerRianta International cpt and of DAA Finance p.l.c. Prior to joining the DAA he held a number of senior management positions with the global energy company, Exxonmobil. Mr Collier joined the Board in January 2009 as a nominee of the Minister for Finance under the CIFS Scheme. He has been a member of the Remuneration Committee since April 2009 and of the Audit Committee since October 2010. (Age 56) David Duffy* B.B.S., MA — Chief Executive Officer Mr Duffy joined AIB in December 2011 as Chief Executive Officer and member of the Executive Committee. He has held a number of senior roles in the international banking industry including, most recently, the position of Chief Executive Officer at Standard Bank International covering Asia, Latin America, the UK and Europe. He was previously Head of Global Wholesale Banking Network of ING Group and President and Chief Executive Officer of the ING franchises in the US and Latin America. Mr. Duffy was co-opted to the Board on 15 December 2011. (Age 50) Jim O’Hara — Non-Executive Director Mr O'Hara is a former Vice President of Intel Corporation and General Manager of Intel Ireland, where he was responsible for Intel’s technology and manufacturing group in Ireland. He is a Non-Executive Director of Fyffes plc, and a board member of Enterprise Ireland, the Association for European Nanoelectronic Activities (AENEAS), which represents the European electronics industry, and of Business in the Community Ireland. He is a past President of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ireland. Mr O’Hara joined the Board in October 2010 and has been a member of the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee since January 2011. (Age 61) 201 Governance & oversight - 1. The Board & Executive Committee Dr Michael Somers B Comm, M.Econ.Sc Ph.D — Non-Executive Director, Deputy Chairman and Board Risk Committee Chairman Dr Somers is former Chief Executive of the National Treasury Management Agency. He is Chairman of Goodbody Stockbrokers, a Non-Executive Director of Fexco Holdings Limited, Willis Group Holdings plc, Hewlett-Packard International Bank plc, the Institute of Directors, the European Investment Bank, St. Vincent’s Healthcare Group Ltd, and President of the Ireland Chapter of the Ireland- US Council. He has previously held the posts of Secretary, National Debt Management, in the Department of Finance, and Secretary, Department of Defence. He is a former Chairman of the Audit Committee of the European Investment Bank and former Member of the EC Monetary Committee. Dr Somers was Chairman of the group that drafted the National Development Plan 1989-1993 and of the European Community group that established the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (“EBRD”). He was formerly a member of the Council of the Dublin Chamber of Commerce. He joined the Board in January 2010 as a nominee of the Minister for Finance under the Government’s National Pensions Reserve Fund Act 2000 (as amended) and has been Chairman of the Board Risk Committee since November 2010. (Age 69) Dick Spring BA, BL — Non-Executive Director Mr Spring is a former Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) of the Republic of Ireland, Minister for Foreign Affairs and leader of the Labour Party. He is a Non-Executive Director of Fexco Holdings Ltd., Repak Ltd, The Realta Global Aids Foundation Ltd and Diversification Strategy Fund p.l.c. He is Chairman of International Development Ireland Ltd., Altobridge Ltd. and Alder Capital Ltd. Mr Spring joined the Board in January 2009 as a nominee of the Minister for Finance under the CIFS Scheme. He has been a member of the Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee since April 2009 and of the Board Risk Committee since November 2010. (Age 61) Thomas Wacker MBA (International Business & Finance) — Non-Executive Director Mr Wacker is a Non-Executive Director and former Chief Executive Officer of Belmont Advisors (UK) Limited. Mr Wacker is a former Chief Executive of IFG Group plc’s offshore business and Non-Executive Director of the parent company. He is a Non- Executive Director of the USA Rugby Board and is the former Chief Executive Officer of the International Rugby Board. Prior to this, Mr Wacker held senior management roles with Royal Trust Company of Canada, Bank of Montreal, Citibank, and Citigroup Investment Banking Group. Mr Wacker joined the Board in October 2011 and has been a member of the Audit Committee since November 2011. (Age 68) Catherine Woods BA Mod (Econ) — Non-Executive Director and Audit Committee Chairman Ms Woods is a Non-Executive Director of An Post, AIB Mortgage Bank and EBS Limited. She is the Finance Expert on the adjudication panel established by the Government to oversee the rollout of the National Broadband scheme and is a former Vice President and Head of the European Banks Equity Research Team, JP Morgan, where her mandates included the recapitalisation of Lloyds’ of London and the re-privatisation of Scandinavian banks. Ms Woods is a former member of the Electronic Communications Appeals Panel. She joined the Board in October 2010, has been a member of the Audit Committee and of the Board Risk Committee since January 2011 and was appointed Chairman of the Audit Committee in August 2011. (Age 49) * Executive Directors Board Committees Information concerning membership of the Board’s Audit, Risk, Nomination & Corporate Governance, and Remuneration Committees is given in the Corporate Governance statement on pages 207 to 217. Executive Officers (in addition to Executive Directors above) John Conway FIB, FCIPD, MBA, B Comm — Human Resources Director Mr Conway was appointed to his current role, and to the Executive Committee, in February 2010. He is a career banker having joined AIB in retail banking in 1973. He has held several positions across the organisation, including management roles in Treasury Operations, International Banking, Information Technology, Marketing and Corporate Banking. He was appointed Head of Human Resources, AIB Capital Markets in 1998. (Age 56) 202 Marcel McCann MSc (Mgt) — Head of Operations and Technology Director Mr McCann was appointed to his current role, and to the Executive Committee, in February 2010. He joined AIB in retail banking in 1978 and moved to the Information Technology area in 1980 where he held roles in Systems Development and International Division. He was appointed Chief Information Officer, AIB Capital Markets in 2000 and General Manager, Group Business Architecture in 2004. (Age 52) Jerry McCrohan FIB, FCIS, MSc (Mgt) — Director, Corporate & Institutional and Commercial Banking Mr McCrohan was appointed to his current role in May 2011 and has been a member of the Executive Committee since February 2010, formerly as Managing Director, AIB Capital Markets. He has worked for AIB for 43 years and his career has spanned a number of senior positions in both retail banking and Capital Markets including Regional Director Midlands and North West in retail banking, one of the founding directors of Ark Life Assurance Company, Head of International Corporate Banking, Head of AIB Corporate Banking Ireland and Head of Global Corporate Banking. He is a past President of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ireland. (Age 62) Gerry McGinn BA, ASII, ACIB, FIB — Managing Director, First Trust Bank Mr McGinn was appointed to his current role, and to the Executive Committee and the UK Management Team, in August 2011. He has 26 years’ experience in banking and financial services during which he was Chief Executive - Banking UK, with Bank of Ireland Group, Chief Executive of Irish Nationwide Building Society, and also held positions with National Westminister Bank Group and Goodbody Stockbrokers. He was a Permanent Secretary in the Northern Ireland Civil Service and has been on the board of Invest Northern Ireland since 2008. (Age 54) Fergus Murphy BSc (Mgt), MA, DABS, AMCT, FIBI — Group Services & Transformation Director and Managing Director, EBS Limited Mr Murphy was appointed to his current role as Group Services and Transformation Director in December 2011 and has been a member of the Executive Committee, in his role as Managing Director of EBS Limited, since the acquisition of EBS Limited by AIB in July 2011. Prior to his appointment as Chief Executive of EBS Building Society, in January 2008, he held a number of senior positions including Chief Executive of ACC Bank plc, Chief Executive of Rabobank Asia, Global Treasurer and Global Head Investment Book Rabobank International and Managing Director of Rabobank Ireland plc. He is Chairman of Financial Services Ireland. (Age 48) Ronan O’Neill FCA, FIB, B.Comm — Managing Director, AIB Group (UK) plc Mr O’Neill was appointed to his current role, and to the Executive Committee, in October 2011. He joined AIB in 1979 and has a significant breadth of experience in a number of roles throughout the organisation, including holding the post of Head of Corporate Banking Britain from 1997 to 2002. He has also held senior posts in Risk and Credit functions and was Head of Corporate and Commercial Banking until he was appointed to his current role. (Age 58) Peter Spratt FCA, FABRP — Head of the Non-Core Unit Mr Spratt is a partner in PwC’s Business Recovery Services practice in London. He is the Global Leader of PwC Crisis Management practice and has worked in restructuring for over 25 years. PwC were engaged to provide the services of Mr Spratt to oversee the Non-Core Unit for a 12 month period from May 2011 and he was appointed to the Executive Committee at that time. (Age 52) Paul Stanley FCCA, B.Comm — Acting Chief Financial Officer Mr Stanley was appointed to his current role, and to the Executive Committee, in May 2011. He joined AIB’s Branch banking division in 1980 before moving to the Group’s Financial Control department. He spent two years as a senior risk analyst in the Group’s Capital Markets division, treasury operations, before he took up a three year role as Head of Treasury Finance and Risk in AIB’s Poland Division (Bank Zachodni WBK) in 2000. He returned to Ireland in 2003 as Head of Asset Liability Management until he was appointed Group Financial Controller in 2010.(Age 48) 203 Governance & oversight - 2. Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2011 The Directors of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (‘the Company’) present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011. A Statement of the Directors’ responsibilities in relation to the Accounts appears on page 423. Results The Group’s loss attributable to the ordinary shareholders of the Company amounted to € 2,312 million and was arrived at as shown in the Consolidated income statement on page 254. Dividend There was no dividend paid in 2011. Going concern The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. In making its assessment of the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Board of Directors have taken into consideration the significant economic and market risks and uncertainties that currently impact Irish financial institutions and the Group. These include the ability to access Eurosystem funding and Central Bank liquidity facilities to meet liquidity requirements. In addition, the Directors have considered the current level of capital and the potential requirement for capital in the assessment period. Furthermore, the Directors considered the risks and uncertainties impacting the Eurozone. Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 The Directors have a duty to have regard to the matters set out in the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 (‘the Act’). This duty is owed by the Directors to the Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) on behalf of the State and, to the extent of any inconsistency, takes priority over any other duties of the Directors. Under the terms of the Act the Minister may, in certain circumstances, direct the Company to undertake actions, which may impact on the pre-existing legal and contractual rights of shareholders. Such directions may include the dis-application of shareholder pre-emption rights, an increase in the Company’s authorised share capital, the issue of shares to the Minister or to another person nominated by the Minister, or amendments to the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association. Capital Information on the structure of the Company’s share capital, including the rights and obligations attaching to each class of shares, is set out in note 46 and in the Schedule on page 431. The following capital actions were completed during 2011 and to date in 2012: - On 31 March 2011, following completion of the Central Bank of Ireland’s Financial Measures Programme, Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) and the Prudential Liquidity Assessment Review (“PLAR”), the Central Bank announced the requirement for the Company to raise equity capital of € 9.1 billion in addition to the requirement of approximately € 4.2 billion deferred from February 2011, bringing the total capital which AIB would be required to raise to € 13.3 billion (subsequently increased to € 14.8 billion following the acquisition of EBS Limited); - On 1 April 2011, the Company completed the sale of its stake in Bank Zachodni WBK S.A., following which on 7 April 2011, the National Pensions Reserve Fund commission (“NPRFC”) issued a Conversion Order to convert all of its CNV Shares (total shares 10,489,899,564 (€3,357 million)) into ordinary shares. The conversion was completed on 8 April 2011; - On 13 May 2011, arising from the non-payment of a dividend amounting to € 280 million on the 2009 Preference Shares, the NPRFC became entitled to bonus shares and the Company issued 484,902,878 new ordinary shares by way of a bonus issue to the NPRFC in part settlement of the dividend. In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, an amount of € 155 million, equal to the nominal value of the shares issued, was transferred from share premium to ordinary share capital.The remainder of the bonus shares due to the NPRFC of 762,370,687 were issued to the NPRFC following the required approvals by the shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting (“EGM”) on the 26 July 2011. This issue included an additional 38,118,535 shares, prescribed by the Company’s Articles of Association as a result of the 2011 annual cash dividend not being satisfied in full on the due date.This issue of shares resulted in € 8 million (the nominal value of the shares issued was € 0.01 per share) being transferred from share premium to ordinary share capital; - On 26 July 2011, following the passing of shareholder resolutions at the EGM: - the ordinary shares of the Company were renominalised; each ordinary shares of € 0.32 was subdivided into one ordinary share of € 0.01, each carrying the same rights and obligations as an existing ordinary share, and thirty one deferred shares 204 of € 0.01. The deferred shares created on the renominalisation had no voting rights or dividend rights and had no economic value; - the Company acquired all of the deferred shares for nil consideration and immediately cancelled them in accordance with its Articles of Association adopted at the EGM which resulted in € 3,985 million transferring from share capital to a capital redemption reserve fund; - all of the authorised but unissued preference shares denominated in Sterling, US dollars, Yen and euro (with the exception of the 2009 Preference Shares) were cancelled; - On 27 July 2011, the Company issued 500 billion ordinary shares of € 0.01 each to the NPRFC at a subscription price of € 0.01 per share as part of the capital raising transaction agreed with the Irish Government. As at 31 December 2011, some 35.7 million shares, purchased in previous years were held as Treasury Shares; see note 48. Accounting policies The principal accounting policies, together with the basis of preparation of the accounts, are set out on pages 227 to 253. Review of activities The Statement by the Chairman on pages 4 and 5 and the review by the Chief Executive Officer on pages 6 to 9 and the Management Report on pages 27 to 44 contain a review of the development of the business of the Company during the year, of recent events, and of likely future developments. Directors The following Board changes occurred with effect from the dates shown: - Mr. Bernard Byrne was appointed an Executive Director 24 June 2011; - Ms. Anne Maher resigned as Non-Executive Director on 26 July 2011; - Mr. David Pritchard resigned as Non-Executive Director on 26 July 2011; - Mr. Stephen Kingon resigned as Non-Executive Director on 26 July 2011; - Mr. Simon Ball was appointed a Non-Executive Director on 13 October 2011; - Mr. Tom Wacker was appointed a Non-Executive Director on 13 October 2011; and - Mr. David Duffy was appointed an Executive Director on 15 December 2011. The names of the Directors appear on pages 201 to 202 together with a short biographical note on each Director. The appointment and replacement of Directors, and their powers, are governed by law and the Articles of Association, and information on these is set out on pages 430 to 436. Directors’ and Secretary’s Interests in the Share Capital The interests of the Directors and Secretary in the share capital of the Company are shown in note 63. Directors’ Remuneration The Company’s policy with respect to directors’ remuneration is included in the Corporate Governance Statement on pages 207 to 217. Details of the total remuneration of the Directors in office during 2011 and 2010 are shown in note 63. Substantial Interests in the Share Capital The following substantial interests in the Ordinary Share Capital (excluding shares held as Treasury Shares) had been notified to the Company at 26 July 2011: – National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission 99.8% Corporate Governance The Directors’ Corporate Governance statement appears on pages 207 to 217 and forms part of this Report. Additional information is included in the Schedule to the Report of the Directors on pages 427 to 429. Political Donations The Directors have satisfied themselves that there were no political contributions during the year, which require disclosure under the Electoral Act, 1997. 205 Governance & oversight - 2. Report of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2011 Books of Account The measures taken by the Directors to secure compliance with the Company’s obligation to keep proper books of account are the use of appropriate systems and procedures, including those set out in the Internal Control section of the Corporate Governance statement on pages 216 and 217, and the employment of competent persons. The books of account are kept at the Company’s Registered Office, Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland; at the principal offices of the Company’s main subsidiary companies, as shown on page 452; and at the Company’s other principal offices, as shown on those pages. Principal Risks and Uncertainties Information concerning the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company and the Company, as required under the terms of the European Accounts Modernisation Directive (2003/51/EEC) (implemented in Ireland by the European Communities (International Financial Reporting Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2005), is set out in the Risk Management section on pages 62 to 68. Branches outside the State The Company has established branches, within the meaning of EU Council Directive 89/666/EEC (implemented in Ireland by the European Communities (Branch Disclosures) Regulations 1993), in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The branches established in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Canada are in the process of being closed. Auditor The Auditor, KPMG, has signified willingness to continue in office in accordance with Section 160(2) of the Companies Act, 1963. David Hodgkinson Chairman David Duffy Chief Executive Officer 29 March 2012 206 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement Corporate Governance Practices AIB is subject to the provisions of the Central Bank of Ireland’s Corporate Governance Code for Credit Institutions and Insurance Undertakings (“the Central Bank Code”), including compliance with requirements which specifically relate to ‘major institutions’, which came into effect on 1 January 2011 and imposes minimum core standards upon all credit institutions and insurance undertakings licensed or authorised by the Central Bank of Ireland.The Company’s corporate governance practices also reflect Irish company law and, in relation to the UK businesses, UK company law, the Listing Rules of the Enterprise Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange, and certain provisions of the US Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Stock Exchange Listings In 2011, in response to a Direction Order issued by the High Court under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010, directing AIB to issue new equity capital to the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission as the agent of the Irish Minister for Finance, AIB (1) cancelled its listing of ordinary shares on the Main Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange (“ISE”) and applied to trade on the Enterprise Securities Market (“ESM”) of the ISE, and (2) cancelled the admission of its ordinary shares to the Official List maintained by the UK Financial Services Authority and cancelled trading on the main market of the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”). AIB’s shares continued to trade on the ISE and LSE up to and including 25 January 2011, following which, with effect from 26 January 2011, AIB’s shares have traded on the ESM of the ISE. AIB continued to trade its American Depository Shares (“ADRs”) on the New York Stock Exchange up to and including 25 August 2011, following which, with effect from 26 August 2011, the ADRs were delisted. The ADS Depository Agreement, between AIB and Bank of New York Mellon, was subsequently terminated. The Board of Directors The Board is responsible for the leadership, direction and control of the Company and its subsidiaries and is accountable to shareholders for financial performance. There is a comprehensive range of matters specifically reserved for decision by the Board. At a high level this includes: - - - monitoring progress towards achievement of the Company’s objectives and compliance with its policies; - - monitoring and reviewing financial performance, risk management activities and controls. determining the Company’s strategic objectives and policies; appointing the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer,and Senior Management, and addressing succession planning; approving annual operating and capital budgets, major acquisitions and disposals, and risk management policies and limits; and AIB has received significant support from the Irish State (the ‘State’) in the context of the financial crisis because of its systemic importance to the Irish financial system. This support has taken various forms including capital injections, asset relief and various guarantees. As a result of the State support measures, the State holds circa 99.8% of the ordinary shares of the Group. The Board has recently endorsed the parameters of a draft relationship framework which is expected to be specified by the Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) in respect of the relationship between the Minister and AIB (‘the Framework’). The purpose of the Framework is to provide the basis on which the relationship between the Minister, on behalf of the State, and the Group shall be governed. Within the Framework, the Board retains full responsibility and authority for all of the operations and business of the Group in accordance with its legal and fiduciary duties and retains responsibility and authority for ensuring compliance with the regulatory and legal obligations of the Group. Chairman The Chairman’s responsibilities include the leadership of the Board, ensuring its effectiveness, setting its agenda, ensuring that the Directors receive adequate, accurate and timely information, facilitating the effective contribution of the Non-Executive Directors, ensuring the proper induction of new Directors, the ongoing training and development of all Directors, and reviewing the performance of individual Directors. Mr. David Hodgkinson was appointed Executive Chairman on 27 October 2010 and Non-Executive Chairman with effect from 12 December 2011, following the appointment of Mr. David Duffy as Chief Executive Officer. The role of the Chairman is traditionally separate from the role of the Chief Executive Officer, with clearly-defined responsibilities attaching to each; these are set out in writing and agreed by the Board. Chief Executive Officer The Chief Executive Officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the Group, ensuring an effective organisation structure, the appointment, motivation and direction of senior executive management, and for the operational management of all the Group’s businesses. Mr. David Duffy was appointed Chief Executive Officer on 12 December 2011 and was co-opted to the Board on 15 December 2011. During 2011, prior to Mr. Duffy’s appointment, the day-to-day management of the Group was the responsibility of the then Executive Chairman, Mr. David Hodgkinson, which role included, inter alia, oversight of the extensive work on the restructuring of the organisation, including Board and Senior Management renewal, capital raising, and management of the process for the appointment of a full-time Chief Executive Officer. 207 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement Senior Independent Non-Executive Director Mr. David Pritchard was the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director until his resignation from the Board on 26 July 2011. Appointment of a Senior Independent Non-Executive Director will be made in due course as part of the Board renewal programme. Company Secretary The Directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary, Mr. David O’Callaghan, who is responsible for ensuring that Board procedures are followed and that applicable rules and regulations are complied with. Board Meetings The Chairman sets the agenda for each Board meeting.The Directors are provided with relevant papers in advance of the meetings to enable them to consider the agenda items, and are encouraged to participate fully in the Board’s deliberations. Executive management attend Board meetings and make regular presentations. The Board held 11 scheduled meetings during 2011, and 23 additional out-of-course meetings or briefings. Attendance at Board meetings and meetings of Committees of the Board is reported on below. During a number of Board meetings, the Non-Executive Directors met in the absence of the Executive Directors, in accordance with good governance standards. In addition to their attendance at Board and Committee meetings, Non-Executive Directors attended Board meetings of overseas subsidiaries and held consultative meetings with the Chairman. Board Membership It is the policy of the Board that a majority of the Directors should be Non-Executive. At 31 December 2011, there were 8 Non- Executive Directors and 2 Executive Directors. The Board deems the appropriate number of Directors to meet the requirements of the business to be between 10 and 14; efforts to recruit additional Directors are currently underway. Non-Executive Directors are appointed so as to maintain an appropriate balance on the Board, and to ensure a sufficiently wide and relevant mix of backgrounds, skills and experience to provide strong and effective leadership and appropriate challenge to executive management. The names of the Directors, with brief biographical notes, appear on pages 201 to 203. In the performance of their functions, the Directors have a duty to have regard to the matters mentioned in section 4 of the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 (‘the Act’). The duty imposed by the Act is owed by the Directors to the Minister for Finance on behalf of the Irish State, and takes priority over any other duty of the Directors to the extent of any inconsistency.Thereafter, all Directors are required to act in the best interests of the Company, and to bring independent judgement to bear in discharging their duties as Directors. There is a procedure in place to enable the Directors to take independent professional advice, at the Company’s expense. The Company holds insurance cover to protect Directors and Officers against liability arising from legal actions brought against them in the course of their duties. Performance Evaluation The Board has a formal annual process in place for reviewing the effectiveness of the Board, its Committees and individual Directors. This process incorporates, in accordance with corporate governance provisions, the retention of an external evaluator to undertake the effectiveness review at least every three years, and in years subsequent to the previous external review where the review findings have raised matters which require Board attention. During 2010, an evaluation of the performance of the Board and Board Committees was conducted by Promontory Financial Group (UK) Ltd and Mazars LLP as part of their review of the effectiveness of the Board and of the Group’s Risk Framework, and the results were presentedto the Board and to the Central Bank of Ireland. During 2011, the Board retained Mazars LLP to conduct a further review of Board and Committee effectiveness and the results were presented to the Board and the Central Bank during March 2012. The Chairman meets annually with each Director individually to review their performance.These reviews include discussion of, inter alia,the Directors’ individual contributions and performance at the Board and relevant Board Committees, the conduct of Board meetings, the performance of the Board as a whole and its committees,compliance with the Director-specific provisions of the Central Bank Code, the requirements of the Central Bank’s Fitness and Probity Regulations, and other specific matters which the Chairman and/or Directors may wish to raise. Attendance at Board and Committee meetings is one of a number of important factors considered in evaluating Directors’ performance, and a table showing each Board Member’s participation in such meetings appears below and separately within the commentary on each of the Board Committees on the following pages. 208 Attendance at scheduled Board and Board Committee Meetings Name Directors Simon Ball Bernard Byrne Declan Collier David Duffy David Hodgkinson Jim O’Hara Dr Michael Somers Dick Spring Tom Wacker Catherine Woods Former Directors Stephen Kingon Anne Maher David Pritchard Board Audit Committee Board Risk Committee Governance Remuneration Committee Committee Nomination & Corporate A 2 5 11 1 11 11 11 11 3 11 7 7 7 B 1 5 10 1 11 10 11 10 3 11 7 7 7 A B 14 13 13 11 1 13 9 9 1 13 9 9 A 1 11 11 10 7 7 B A B A B 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 11 10 10 6 6 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 Column A indicates the number of scheduled meetings held during 2011 which the Director was eligible to attend; Column B indicates the number of meetings attended by each Director during 2011. The Board held 11 scheduled meetings during 2011, and 23 additional out-of-course meetings or briefings. Terms of Appointment Non-Executive Directors are generally appointed for a three-year term, with the possibility of renewal for a further three years; the term may be further extended, in exceptional circumstances, on the recommendation of the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Declan Collier and Mr. Dick Spring were appointed Non-Executive Directors, in 2009, as nominees of the Minister for Finance under the Irish Government’s Credit Institutions (Financial support) Scheme 2008 (S.I. No. 411 of 2008). Dr. Michael Somers was appointed Non-Executive Director, in 2010, as a nominee of the Minister for Finance under the Irish Government’s National Pensions Reserve Fund Act 2000 (as amended). Following appointment, in accordance with the requirements of the Articles of Association, Directors are required to retire at the next Annual General Meeting (“AGM”), and may go forward for reappointment, and are subsequently required to make themselves available for re-appointment at intervals of not more than three years. Under the terms of the Government’s preference share investment, Messrs. Collier, Somers and Spring are not required to stand for election or regular re-election by shareholders. Since 2005, all Directors, excluding Messrs. Collier, Spring and Somers, have retired from office at the AGM and have offered themselves for reappointment. Since the 2011 AGM, the Central Bank has confirmed that Messrs. Collier, Spring and Somers should be considered independent for the purposes of the Central Bank Code and will, therefore, stand for re-election by shareholders with the other Directors at the 2012 AGM. Letters of appointment, as well as dealing with appointees’ responsibilities, stipulate that a specific time commitment is required from Directors. A copy of the standard terms of the letter of appointment of Non-Executive Directors is available on request from the Company Secretary. The Board has determined that all Non-Executive Directors in office in December 2011, namely Mr.Simon Ball, Mr. Declan Collier, Mr. David Hodgkinson, Mr. Jim O’Hara, Dr. Michael Somers, Mr. Dick Spring, Mr. Tom Wacker and Ms. Catherine Woods are independent in character and judgement and free from any business or other relationship with the Company or the Group that could affect their judgement. Induction and Professional Development There is an induction process for new Directors. Its content varies between Executive and Non-Executive Directors. In respect of the latter, the induction is designed to familiarise Non-Executive Directors with the Group and its operations, and comprises the provision of relevant briefing material, including details of the Company’s strategic and operational plans, and a programme of meetings with the Chief Executive Officer, the Senior Executive team and the Senior Management of businesses and support functions. A programme of 209 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement targeted and continuous professional development for Non-Executive Directors is scheduled for implementation during 2012. Board Committees The Board is assisted in the discharge of its duties by a number of Board Committees, whose purpose it is to consider, in greater depth than would be practicable at Board meetings, matters for which the Board retains responsibility.The composition of such Committees is reviewed annually by the Board. A description of these Committees, each of which operates under Terms of Reference approved by the Board, and their membership, is given later in this section.The minutes of all meetings of Board Committees are circulated to all Directors, for information, with their Board papers, and are formally noted by the Board. This provides an opportunity for Directors who are not members of those Committees to seek additional information or to comment on issues being addressed at Committee level.The Terms of Reference of the Audit Committee, the Board Risk Committee, the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee, and the Remuneration Committee are available on AIB’s website: www.aibgroup.com. In carrying out their duties, the Board Committees are entitled to take independent professional advice, at the Company’s expense, where deemed necessary or desirable by the Committee Members. Audit Committee Current Members: Ms. Catherine Woods, Chairman (member from 27 January 2011 and Chairman from 26 July 2011); Mr. Declan Collier; Mr. Jim O’Hara (from 27 January 2011); Mr. Tom Wacker (from 17 November 2011). Former Members during the year: Ms. Anne Maher (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011); and Mr. Stephen Kingon (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011). Member attendance during 2011: Catherine Woods Declan Collier Jim O’Hara Tom Wacker Anne Maher Current Member Current Member Current Member Current Member Former Member A 13 14 13 1 9 B 13 13 11 1 9 9 Stephen L Kingon Column A indicates the number of Committee meetings held during 2011 which the Member was eligible to attend; Column B indicates the Former Member 9 number of meetings attended by each Member during 2011. The Audit Committee comprises Non-Executive Directors whom the Board has determined have the collective skills and relevant financial experience to enable the Committee to discharge its responsibilities.The Audit Committee has oversight responsibility for: - - - - These responsibilities are discharged through its meetings and receipt of reports from management, the Auditor, the Chief Financial Officer, the Group Internal Auditor, the Chief Risk Officer and the Head of Regulation and Compliance. the quality and integrity of the Company’s accounting policies, financial statements and disclosure practices; compliance with relevant laws, regulations, codes of conduct and ‘conduct of business’ rules; the independence and performance of the External Auditor (‘the Auditor’) and the Group Internal Auditor; and the adequacy and performance of systems of internal control and the management of financial and non-financial risks. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that the Audit Committee membership includes an ‘audit committee financial expert’, as defined in related SEC rules. Mr. Stephen L Kingon was deemed by the Board to be an ‘independent audit committee financial expert’ and, following Mr. Kingon’s resignation from the Board on 26 July 2011, the Board determined that Ms Catherine Woods is an ‘independent audit committee financial expert’ for these purposes. Ms Woods has accepted this determination on the understanding that she has not thereby agreed to undertake additional responsibilities beyond those of a member and Chairman of the Audit Committee. During 2011, the Audit Committee met on fourteen occasions.The following, whilst not intended to be exhaustive, is a summary of the activities undertaken by the Committee in the discharge of its responsibilities. The Committee: - reviewed the Group’s annual and interim financial statements prior to approval by the Board, including: the Group’s accounting policies and practices; the minutes of the Group Disclosure Committee (an Executive Committee whose role is to ensure the compliance of AIB Group Financial Information with legal and regulatory requirements prior to external publication); reports on compliance; effectiveness of internal controls; and the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the Auditor and Group Internal Auditor; - reviewed the scope of the independent audit, and the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the Auditor; 210 - - - - satisfied itself through regular reports from the Group Internal Auditor, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Risk Officer, the Auditor and the Head of Regulation and Compliance that the system of internal controls over financial reporting was effective; provided oversight in relation to the Auditor’s effectiveness and relationship with the Group, including agreeing the Auditor’s terms of engagement, audit plans and remuneration; reviewed and monitored the independence and objectivity of the Auditor, including approving, within pre-determined limits approved by the Board, the range and nature of non-audit services provided and related fees (see note 16 on page 287); provided assurance regarding the independence and performance of the Group Internal Audit Function, through reviews of rolling quarterly updates on control issues and related remediating actions, and a monthly report detailing Internal Audit Reports issued during the previous month; the annual audit plan and related progress; and the adequacy of resources allocated to the function; the Chairman of the Committee, Ms. Catherine Woods, met with the Group Internal Auditor and the Lead Audit Partner between scheduled meetings of the Committee to discuss material issues arising; - received rolling updates from the Chief Risk Officer and the Head of Regulation and Compliance to satisfy itself that the Group was in compliance with all regulatory and compliance obligations and considered key developments and emerging issues, particularly in respect of the Group’s responsibilities under the Government Guarantee and Capital Subscription and Planning Agreements with the Minister for Finance, the operation of the Speak-Up process and key interactions with Regulators in the various jurisdictions; - - reviewed the minutes of all meetings of subsidiary companies’ Audit Committees, requesting and receiving further clarification on issues when required, and met with, and received annual reports from, the subsidiary Audit Committee chairmen; and held formal confidential consultations during the year separately with the Lead Audit Partner and the Group Internal Auditor in each case with only Non-Executive Directors present. The following attend the Committee’s meetings by invitation: the Lead Audit Partner; the Chief Financial Officer; the Chief Risk Officer; the Group Internal Auditor; and the Head of Regulation and Compliance. Other senior executives also attend where appropriate. Board Risk Committee Current Members: Dr. Michael Somers (Chairman); Mr. Simon Ball (from 17 November 2011), Mr. Dick Spring and Ms. Catherine Woods (from 27 January 2011). Former Members during the year: Mr. Stephen L. Kingon (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011) and Mr. David Pritchard (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011). Member attendance during 2011: Dr Michael Somers Dick Spring Catherine Woods Simon Ball Stephen L Kingon David Pritchard Current member Current member Current member Current member Former member Former member A 11 11 10 1 7 7 B 11 10 10 6 6 Column A indicates the number of Committee meetings held during 2011 which the Member was eligible to attend; Column B indicates the number of meetings attended by each Member during 2011. The Board Risk Committee was established to assist the Board in proactively fostering sound risk governance within the Group through ensuring that risks are appropriately identified and managed, and that the Group’s strategy is informed by, and aligned with, the Board approved risk appetite. The Board Risk Committee comprises Non-Executive Directors whom the Board has determined have the collective skills and relevant experience to enable the Committee to discharge its responsibilities. To ensure co-ordination of the work of the Board Risk Committee with the risk related considerations of the Audit Committee, the Chairman of the Audit Committee is also a member of the Board Risk Committee. The Board Risk Committee has responsibility for: - - providing oversight and advice to the Board in relation to current and potential future risks facing the Group and risk strategy in that regard, including the Group’s risk appetite and tolerance; the effectiveness of the Group’s risk management infrastructure; - monitoring and reviewing the Group’s risk profile, risk trends, risk concentrations and risk policies; and - considering and acting upon the implications of reviews of risk management undertaken by Group Internal Audit and/or external third parties. 211 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement The responsibilities of the Committee are discharged through its meetings, receiving, commissioning and considering reports from the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Credit Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Group Internal Auditor, the Head of Regulation and Compliance and other members of management. During 2011 the Board Risk Committee met on eleven occasions.The following, while not intended to be exhaustive, is a summary of the key items considered, reviewed and/or approved or recommended by the Committee during the year: − monthly reports from the Chief Risk Officer which provided an overview of key risks including liquidity and funding, capital adequacy, credit, market, regulatory, and business risk, and related mitigants; − periodic reports from the Chief Credit Officer regarding the credit quality, performance and outlook of key credit portfolios within the Group; − amendments to a number of risk frameworks and policies which were recommended to the Board for approval, including: (a) the risk appetite framework and risk appetite statement, including those for certain subsidiary companies; (b) stress testing frameworks; (c) credit approval authorities and large exposure policy; (d) market risk framework and policies; (e) financial crime, anti-money laundering and sanctions framework and policies; (f) code of conduct and conflict of interest policies for employees; and (g) enterprise policy architecture and frameworks; − reports in relation to the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (“ICAAP”) and related firm wide stress test scenarios; − reports from management on a number of specific areas in order to ensure that appropriate management control was evident, including: (a) the risk organisation structure, including an assessment of resourcing and skill levels; (b) country and sovereign risk exposures; and (c) risks relating to the integration of EBS Limited and the Anglo Irish Bank deposit business; − management’s plans and progress in addressing issues arising from the Central Bank of Ireland’s Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (“SREP”) review undertaken during 2011; and − actions taken to strengthen the Group’s risk management governance and infrastructure. The Committee is also responsible for making recommendations in relation to the Chief Risk Officer, including: appointment, replacement, and remuneration, in conjunction with the Remuneration Committee, and confirming the Chief Risk Officer’s independence; the Committee meets with the Chief Risk Officer at least once each year in confidential session, in the absence of management; the Chief Risk Officer has unrestricted access to the Chairman of the Board Risk Committee. The following attend the Committee’s meetings by invitation: the Lead Audit Partner; the Chief Financial Officer; the Chief Risk Officer; the Chief Credit Officer; the Group Internal Auditor; and the Head of Regulation and Compliance. Other senior executives also attend where appropriate. Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee Current Members: Mr. David Hodgkinson (Chairman and member from 27 January 2011); Mr. Jim O’Hara (from 27 January 2011) and Mr. Dick Spring. Former Members during the year: Mr. David Pritchard (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011) and Ms. Anne Maher (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011). Member attendance during 2011: David Hodgkinson Jim O’Hara Dick Spring Anne Maher David Pritchard Current member Current member Current member Former member Former member A 4 4 5 5 5 B 4 3 4 5 5 Column A indicates the number of Committee meetings held during 2011 which the Member was eligible to attend; Column B indicates the number of meetings attended by each Member during 2011. The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee’s responsibilities include: recommending candidates to the Board for appointment as Directors; reviewing the size, structure and composition of the Board and the Board Committees, reviewing succession planning, and, in relation to the responsibilities of the Corporate Social Responsibility Committee, which were assumed by the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee during 2011, monitoring the Group’s responsibilities and activities concerning staff, the marketplace (including customers, products and suppliers), the environment and the community. 212 The search for suitable candidates for the Board is a continuous process, and recommendations forappointment are made, based on merit and objective criteria, following an appraisal process and interviews.The Committee is also responsible for approving corporate-giving budgets and any substantial philanthropic donations, and reviewing the Company’s corporate governance policies and practices.The Committee met 5 times during 2011. Messrs. Simon Ball and Thomas Wacker were nominated by the Committee to the Board and appointed Non-Executive Directors on 13 October 2011 following a selection process that included the services of an external executive search consultancy firm. Remuneration Committee Members: Mr. Declan Collier; Mr. David Hodgkinson (from 27 January 2011); and Mr. Jim O’Hara (from 27 January 2011). Former Members during the year: Mr. David Pritchard (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011); and Ms. Anne Maher (resigned from the Board 26 July 2011). Member attendance during 2011: Declan Collier David Hodgkinson Jim O’Hara David Pritchard Anne Maher Current member Current member Current member Former member Former member A 2 2 2 1 1 B 2 2 1 1 1 Column A indicates the number of Committee meetings held during 2011 which the Member was eligible to attend; Column B indicates the number of meetings attended by each Member during 2011. AIB’s remuneration policies are set and governed by the Remuneration Committee whose purpose, duties and membership are set by its Terms of Reference which may be viewed on the website: www.aibgroup.com.The scope of the Committee’s activities is broad based, ranging from setting pay policy to determining appropriate pension arrangements. The Remuneration Committee’s responsibilities include recommending to the Board: Group remuneration policies and practices; the remuneration of the Chairman of the Board (which matter is considered in his absence); and,performance-related and share-based incentive schemes when appropriate. The Committee also determines the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, and, in consultation with the Chief Executive Officer, the remuneration of other Executive Directors, when in office, and the other members of the Executive Committee, under advice to the Board. Details of the total remuneration of the Directors in office during 2011 and 2010 are shown in note 63 on page 380. The Remuneration Committee is also required to review the remuneration components of Identified Staff who are individuals classified as ‘material risk takers’ by AIB in accordance with the Remuneration Guidelines of the European Banking Authority (“EBA”). Remuneration matters of a significant nature are also considered by the Board. The Committee met twice during 2011. Remuneration Policy and Governance The Terms of Reference of the Remuneration Committee were reviewed in 2011 by the Committee and its independent advisors Kepler Associates following which, changes were made, with Board approval, to reflect regulatory guidance and changing market practice on governance and risk management.The governance and scope of AIB’s remuneration policies and practices were extended to include all financial benefits for employees while confirming the company wide coverage of all remuneration policies. The adoption of remuneration policies and practices, which are both fair and competitive and that support sustainable performance over the long-term, is a key responsibility of the Board. The Board recognises the need to take account of appropriate input from AIB’s control functions in its decision making, and to ensure that remuneration policies and practices are consistent with and promote effective risk management, and that they do not encourage excessive risk taking but support the maintenance of a sound capital base and the required liquidity levels. Striking this balance involves detailed consideration of remuneration matters by the Remuneration Committee whose members have no personal interest in the outcome. AIB reviewed and adapted its remuneration policies in 2011 to take account of the remuneration requirements of the Capital Requirements Directive CRD III and the related EBA Guidelines, which came into force in January 2011, to ensure that its remuneration policies and practices are fully consistent with, and promote, effective risk management. AIB’s revised pay policy contains a range of important design features which together will ensure that the remuneration of Identified Staff, and of any other employee at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee, is fully compliant with the EBA Guidelines. These requirements principally relate to: - Quantitative and qualitative risk-adjusted performance measurement; - Deferral structures which will ensure performance is measured over both the short and medium term; and - The inclusion of forfeiture, claw back and discretionary provisions in remuneration schemes. 213 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement In December 2011, AIB published a Remuneration Disclosure Report 2010 in accordance with the EBA Guidelines which summarised AIB’s principal remuneration policies and practices and which provided aggregated remuneration data for Identified Staff. The list of Identified Staff was compiled in consultation with the relevant business areas and control functions while taking account of the extent of individuals’ reporting lines, and the degree to which individuals’ decision making was subject to control and approval through credit committees or trading limits. The Remuneration Disclosure Report for 2011 will be included in AIB’s CRD III Disclosures 2011. While the design features required by the EBA are now included in AIB’s remuneration policy there was little scope in practice to implement the design requirements of the remuneration schemes because of the financial position of the Group, and the constraints on remuneration arising from AIB’s commitments under the Subscription and Placing Agreements between AIB and the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) and the National Treasury Management Agency (“NTMA”) and the Minister for Finance. There were no bonus schemes or share schemes in operation in 2011.Any incentive schemes that are implemented in the future will be structured in line with the new regulatory requirements and AIB’s revised remuneration policy. Remuneration policy in general is strongly influenced by the Group’s significant reliance on State support and the requirements and constraints arising from the Subscription and Placing Agreements. The Group is in dialogue on an ongoing basis with the State authorities on remuneration matters. Central Bank Review The Central Bank of Ireland completed a review of AIB’s remuneration policies and practices in September 2011 with the primary objective of assessing the level of AIB’s compliance with the provisions of the remuneration guidelines issued by the EBA. The review covered: - Remuneration policy; - The Terms of Reference of the Remuneration Committee; - Changes made by AIB to ensure it is in compliance with the EBA Remuneration Guidelines; - A review of Identified Staff including their remuneration components; and - Other selected remuneration data. The findings of the review and required actions are included in AIB’s Risk Mitigation Programme. While no material issues were identified by the review, the Central Bank requested that a number of the EBA requirements be more clearly expressed in AIB’s remuneration policy to ensure AIB was fully compliant with all aspects of the Guidelines.These relate to: - Ensuring that incentive awards are restricted to maintain an adequate capital base and also when in receipt of State support; and - The adjustment of incentive pools for current and future risk. Independent Advisors Kepler Associates provided independent advice to the Committee during 2011 on a number of reward matters including market benchmarking of senior executive salaries. Remuneration Review The salary of the Chief Executive Officer was set at € 500,000. The base salaries of the members of the Executive Committee were managed in accordance with AIB’s obligations under the Subscription and Placing agreements by the Remuneration Committee and are in a range of €225,000 to €400,000 in accordance with the recommendations of the Covered Institutions Remuneration Oversight Committee (“CIROC”). AIB’s remuneration spend continued to be closely managed in 2011 against a background of increasing competition for key skills and higher levels of staff turnover particularly in credit, IT and other financial services control functions. In summary: - There were no general salary increases or increments paid; - There were no bonus schemes or share based incentives operating; - Payments made to retain staff in key roles or where staff stepped up to expanded roles with increased responsibilities were notified in advance to the Remuneration Committee and managed within agreed budgetary parameters; and - Quarterly reports were submitted to the Department of Finance including details of any payments or salary increases in excess of €1,000. Directors’ Remuneration Details of the total remuneration of the Directors in office during 2011 and 2010 are shown in note 63 on page 380. Relations with Shareholders The Group has a number of procedures in place to allow its shareholders and other stakeholders to stay informed about matters affecting their interests. In addition to this Annual Financial Report, which is only sent to those shareholders who request it, the following communication tools are used by the Group. 214 Summary Shareholders’ Report The Shareholders Report is a summary version of AIB’s main Annual Financial Report.This report, which covers AIB’s performance in the previous year, is sent to shareholders who have opted to receive it instead of the main Annual Financial Report. This summary report does not form a part of the Annual Financial Report or Form 20-F and is referred to for reference purposes only. Website The website, www.aibgroup.com, contains, for the previous five years, the Annual Financial Report, the Interim Report/Half-yearly Financial Report, and the Annual Financial Report on Form 20-F.The Company’s presentation to fund managers and analysts of annual and interim financial results are available on the internet, and may be accessed on the Company’s website: www.aibgroup.com. Since 2009, the Annual Financial Report and the Annual Report on Form 20-F have been combined in the form of this Annual Financial Report. None of the information on the website is incorporated in, or otherwise forms part of, this Annual Financial Report. Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) All shareholders are invited to attend the AGM and to participate in the proceedings. At the AGM, it is practice to give a brief update on the Group’s performance and developments of interest for the year to date. Separate resolutions are proposed on each separate issue and voting is conducted by way of poll.The votes for, against, and withheld, on each resolution, including proxies lodged, are subsequently published on AIB’s website. Proxy forms provide the option for shareholders to direct their proxies to withhold their vote. It is usual for all Directors to attend the AGM and to be available to meet shareholders before and after the meeting.The Chairmen of the Board’s Committees are available to answer questions about the Committees’ activities. A help desk facility is available to shareholders attending.The Company’s 2012 AGM is scheduled to be held on 28 June 2012, at the Company’s Head Office at Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, and it is intended that the Notice of the Meeting will be posted to shareholders at least 21 clear days before the meeting, in line with the requirements of Irish Company law. 215 Governance & oversight - 3. Corporate Governance statement Accountability and Audit Accounts and Directors’ Responsibilities The Statement concerning the responsibilities of the Directors in relation to the Accounts appears on page 423. Going Concern The Group’s activities are subject to risk factors and uncertainties as set out on pages 62 to 68. Notwithstanding these risk factors and uncertainties, the Directors, having considered a wide range of information in relation to present and future conditions, are satisfied that it continues to be appropriate to prepare the financial statements of the Group on a going concern basis. This assessment has been based principally on the following factors: The capital requirements arising from the 2011 PCAR assessment were met by the end of July 2011. In addition, the Group passed an EBA stress test in July and an EBA capital exercise in December in relation to sovereign exposures, without any further capital being required. The Directors have reviewed the capital and financial plans for the period of assessment and believe that the capital resources are sufficient to ensure that the Group is adequately capitalised both in a base and stress scenario.The Irish Government, as AIB’s primary shareholder, has confirmed its recognition of AIB as a pillar bank, given its key role in supporting the Irish economy. In support of this role it has ensured that AIB has been sufficiently capitalised to meet the capital targets set by the Central Bank of Ireland through its 2011 PCAR and PLAR assessment. Access to funding in the wholesale funding markets has been restricted with AIB reliant and expecting to continue its reliance on the monetary authorities during the assessment period. Nevertheless, funding support as required is considered to be assured due to its position as one of the two ‘Pillar Banks’ and in particular by the announcements by the ECB and the Minister for Finance on 31 March 2011 to the effect that the required Central Bank funding would be made available. In addition, the Group have had recent discussions with the Central Bank where it sought assurance of the continued availability of the required liquidity from the Eurosystem during the period of assessment for the going concern statement. Internal Controls The Directors acknowledge that they are responsible for the Group’s system of internal control. They acknowledge that systems of internal control are designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business objectives, and can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The Group’s system of internal control are set out below. Governance and Oversight - The Group operates a three lines of defence risk governance model. - There is a Risk Appetite Statement which is Board approved and which sets the limits of risk appetite associated with the Group’s strategic objectives. - The Board Risk Committee evaluates material risks and risk management across the group and risk disclosures made by the Group. - The Audit Committee reviews various aspects of control, including the design and operating effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting framework in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Group’s Statutory Accounts and other published financial statements and information, and ensures that no restrictions are placed on the scope of the statutory audit or on the independence of the Internal Audit and Regulatory Compliance functions. - There is involvement at all meetings of the Audit and Board Risk Committees of the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer and Group Internal Auditor. Risk Management - There is a clearly-defined management structure, with defined lines of authority and accountability. - The Executive Committee reviews overall strategy, business plans, variances against operating and capital budgets and other performance data on an ongoing basis. - The Executive Risk Committee is a subcommittee of the Executive Committee with common membership to the Executive Committee and which evaluates risks, forecast risk positions and agrees risk mitigation actions. It also monitors compliance with relevant laws, regulations and best practice guidelines. Risk Control & Monitoring - There is a centralised risk and compliance control function, headed by the Chief Risk Officer who reports to the Chief Executive Officer and to the Chair of the Board Risk Committee. - This function is responsible for establishing and embedding risk management frameworks, ensuring that material risk policies are reviewed, and reporting on adherence to risk limits as set by the Board. It comprises Enterprise Risk, Credit Risk, Financial (Market) Risk, Operational Risk, Decision Analytics and Compliance. 216 - The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for ensuring that risks are identified, measured, monitored and reported on, and for reporting on risk mitigation actions. - The centralised Credit function is headed by the Chief Credit Officer who reports to the Chief Risk Officer. - There is an independent Compliance function which provides advisory services to the Group and which monitors and reports on prudential, conduct of business and financial crime compliance and forthcoming regulations across the Group, and on management’s attention to compliance matters. - There is an independent Group Internal Audit function which is responsible for independently assessing the effectiveness of the Group’s corporate governance, risk management and internal controls and which reports directly to the Chair of the Audit Committee. - There are specialist functions including Human Resources, Finance and IT. - Physical and computer security and business continuity planning are overseen by the Operational Risk function. Policies and Processes - A comprehensive annual budgeting and financial reporting system, which incorporates clearly-defined and communicated common accounting policies and financial control procedures, including those relating to authorisation limits, capital expenditure and investment procedures; and - Appropriate policies and procedures relating to capital management, asset and liability management (including interest rate risk, exchange rate risk and liquidity & funding management), credit risk management, operational risk management and regulatory compliance. Taking the above into account, the Directors are satisfied: - - - that there is a clear organisational structure which provides effective oversight of the activities of the Group; that processes are in place to identify, manage, monitor and report on risks; that adequate internal control mechanisms, including sound administrative and accounting procedures, IT systems and controls are in place, which are subject to ongoing improvement initiatives to further strengthen such systems; that the remuneration policies and practices are consistent with and promote sound and effective risk management; and that the system of governance is subject to regular internal review. - - Additional requirements in the United States Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the US Exchange Act). Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 31 December 2011, based on the criteria set forth by the US Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission in their publication ‘Internal Control - Integrated Framework’. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of 31 December 2011, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. In addition to the need for such internal controls over financial reporting, the SEC has adopted somewhat broader requirements designed to ensure that reporting companies, such as AIB, have adequate ‘disclosure controls and procedures’ in place. As of 31 December 2011, the Group carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Group’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures.There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon, and as of the date of the Group’s evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in all material respects to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports which the Group files and submits under the US Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarised and reported as and when required. Code of Business Ethics The Group has adopted a code of business ethics that applies to all employees. A copy of that code is available on the Group website at www.aibgroup.com/investorrelations. (The information on this website is not incorporated by reference into this document). There have been no waivers to the code of business ethics since its adoption, and information regarding any future amendments or waivers will be published on the aforementioned website. The code of business ethics sets out for employees the general principles that govern how AIB Group conducts its affairs. To complement the code of business ethics, a code of leadership behaviours for senior management places personal responsibility on senior management for ensuring that business and support activities are carried out with the highest standards of behaviour. The application of the Code of Business Ethics is underpinned by policies, practices and training which are designed to ensure that the Code is understood and that all staff act in accordance with it. It is also designed to satisfy related SEC requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Code of Business Ethics and the Leadership Code have been reviewed and will be re-launched as the Code of Conduct for all Employees of AIB Group in 2012. 217 Governance & oversight - 4. Supervision & Regulation 4.1 Current climate of regulatory change Governments and regulators worldwide continued to develop and implement changes in both regulatory regimes and regulatory practices. Regulators themselves have adopted a more intrusive style of regulation. In addition, there has been a move away from a principles-based approach to one that is more focused on detailed rules. 4.2 Ireland Overview of financial services legislation The Central Bank Reform Act 2010 was brought into operation by the Minister for Finance on 1 October 2010.The Central Bank Reform Act 2010 created a single, fully-integrated Central Bank of Ireland (‘Central Bank’) with a unitary board, the Central Bank Commission, chaired by the Governor of the Central Bank. The Financial Regulator ceased to exist from 1 October 2010 and its functions were transferred to the Central Bank. The Central Bank (Supervision and Enforcement) Bill was published in mid 2011. The main purposes of the Bill are to (a) provide enhanced powers to the Central Bank for the supervision of regulated financial service providers and (b) provide enhanced powers to the Central Bank for the enforcement of financial services legislation. The Central Bank is responsible for the: - prudential supervision and regulation of a range of banking and financial services entities in Ireland, including credit institutions, investment firms, stockbroking firms, payment institutions, insurance companies and credit unions; conduct of business of such financial services entities, including the protection of consumer interests; and - - overall stability of the financial system. The Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act 2004 established the Financial Services Ombudsman’s Bureau to deal with certain complaints about financial institutions. The Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 was signed into law on 21 December 2010.The Act provides the legislative basis for the reorganisation and restructuring of the Irish banking system as agreed in the joint EU/IMF Programme for Ireland. The Act empowers the Minister for Finance, following consultation with the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, to propose any of a number of Stabilisation Orders that the Minister believes is necessary to stabilise a particular relevant institution (including its group companies). A proposed Stabilisation Order must be confirmed by the High Court. The Act also imposes new duties on the directors of an institution and sets out matters to which directors must have regard in the performance of their functions. These include protecting the interests of the taxpayers, restoring confidence in the banking sector and facilitating the availability of credit in the economy of the State. This Act will lapse on 31 December 2012 unless extended by the Government. The Central Bank and Credit Institutions (Resolution) Act came into force in 2011. It provides a framework for the resolution of Irish banks and other Irish credit institutions encountering financial difficulties and not covered under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act, 2010. Other legislative measures in the context of the financial crisis that commenced in 2008, including the Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Scheme 2008, the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme 2009 and the National Asset Management Agency Act 2009, are described in note 56 ‘Summary of relationship with the Irish Government’. These pieces of legislation and associated regulations provide for: a limited-duration State guarantee of many deposits in certain Irish credit institutions, including Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and some of its subsidiaries, subject to any applicable deposit protection scheme; a limited-duration State guarantee of certain other eligible liabilities issued by a relevant institution, including Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and some of its subsidiaries; and a State vehicle for the acquisition of many land and development-related loans from certain Irish credit institutions, including Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and some of its subsidiaries. The Central Bank of Ireland (‘the Central Bank’) The Central Bank has a wide range of statutory powers to enable it to effectively regulate and supervise the activities of financial institutions in Ireland including the power to carry out inspections. Features of the regulatory regime include prudential regulation and codes of conduct, each of which is addressed in more detail below. The Central Bank also has wide-ranging powers of inspection: inspectors appointed by the Central Bank may enter the relevant premises, take documents or copies, require persons employed in the business to provide information and order the production of documents. In cases of extreme concern, the Central Bank may direct a licence-holder to suspend its business activity for a specified period and may also intervene in the management or operation of an entity. The Central Bank Reform Act 2010 contains a number of provisions which impact the regulation of credit institutions, including powers for the Central Bank to regulate sensitive or influential appointments in financial institutions. This includes the power to prevent the appointment of a person from performing a ‘controlled function’ (as defined) or to remove or suspend a person from the performance of a controlled function, where the Central Bank is satisfied that the person is not a fit and proper person to perform such a function. The Central Bank introduced Regulations and Standards governing the new fitness and probity regime in 2011. 218 On 8 November 2010, the Central Bank issued new corporate governance requirements for credit institutions and insurance undertakings, which impose minimum core standards upon all credit institutions, including Allied Irish Banks p.l.c., and insurance undertakings licensed or authorised by the Central Bank. Additional requirements apply to institutions that are designated as ‘major institutions’ by the Central Bank. The Central Bank has extensive enforcement powers including the ability to impose administrative sanctions directly on financial institutions for failure to comply with regulatory requirements (including codes of conduct and practice), subject to a right of appeal by the affected institution to the Irish Financial Services Appeals Tribunal and a further appeal to the High Court. Such administrative sanctions may include a caution or reprimand, financial penalties (not exceeding € 5 million in the case of a firm or € 0.5 million in the case of an individual) and a direction disqualifying a person from being concerned in the management of a regulated financial service provider. Banking Legislation The banking regulatory code in Ireland is comprised principally of the Central Bank Acts; regulations made under the European Communities Act 1972; and regulatory notices and codes of conduct issued by the Central Bank. Various Statutory Instruments and regulations made by the relevant Government minister and regulatory notices made by the Central Bank implement in Ireland the substantial range of European Union directives relating to banking supervision and regulation, including the Capital Requirements Directive (“CRD”).To the extent that areas of banking activity in Ireland are the subject of EU regulations or directives, the provisions of Irish banking law reflect the requirements of those EU instruments. The Central Bank Acts regulate the conduct of banking business in Ireland and provide that banking business may only be carried on by the holder of a banking licence or an EU/European Economic Area entity which exercises ‘passport rights’ to carry on business in Ireland. Every Irish licensed bank is obliged to draw up and publish its annual financial statements in accordance with the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Accounts) Regulations 1992 (as amended by the European Communities (Credit Institutions) (Fair Value Accounting)) Regulations 2004). As a listed entity, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is required to prepare its financial statements in accordance with IFRS endorsed by the European Union (as applied by the European Communities (International Financial Reporting Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2005) and with those parts of the Companies Act 1963 to 2010 that are applicable to companies reporting under IFRS; and with article 4 of the EU Council Regulation 1606/2002 of 19 July 2002. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. holds a banking licence and is authorised as a credit institution. AIB Mortgage Bank holds a banking licence and is registered as a designated mortgage credit institution. There are no conditions attached to AIB’s licences or authorisations that are not market standard conditions. EBS Limited (“EBS”) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 1 July 2011. EBS holds a banking licence and is authorised as a credit institution. EBS Mortgage Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of EBS, holds a banking licence and is registered as a designated mortgage credit institution. There are no conditions attached to EBS’ licences or authorisations that are not market standard conditions. Capital Requirements The Group is subject to applicable EU directives, including those that relate to capital adequacy. The CRD reflects the Basel II rules on capital measurement and capital standards. It came into force on 1 January 2007 and introduced a revised supervisory framework in the EU designed to promote the financial soundness of credit institutions and investment firms. The CRD governs, among other topics, the amount and quality of capital that credit institutions and investment firms hold against the risks that they take. The CRD has been transposed into Irish law by the European Communities (Capital Adequacy of Credit Institutions) Regulations 2006 (“CRD Regulations”), as amended principally in 2009 (concerning the regulation of large exposures) and in 2010 (regarding the capital requirements for the trading book and for re-securitisations and subsequently in respect of the further regulation of large exposures and the introduction of new pan-EU supervisory arrangements and crisis management). The Central Bank has powers to enforce the CRD Regulations in the context of its prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms. The CRD Regulations set the minimum capital requirements for all entities licensed by the Central Bank; consequently the Group regularly interacts with the Central Bank on an ongoing basis ensuring that it meets the capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. The Central Bank may, from time to time, require a credit institution or investment firm to target a specified ratio, or maintain a certain minimum capital ratio, based on its assets and its liabilities, which may be expressed to apply to all licence-holders of a specified category or categories, to the total assets or total liabilities of the licence-holders concerned, or to specified assets or to assets of a specified kind. 219 Governance & oversight - 4. Supervision & Regulation Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”) MiFID was transposed into Irish law by the Markets in Financial Instruments and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2007 and the European Communities (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007, as amended (together the “MiFID Regulations”).The MiFID Regulations regulate the provision of MiFID Services in respect of financial instruments and apply both to credit institutions and to investment firms (including stockbroking firms). MiFID Services include the provision of investment advice, portfolio management, execution of client orders and others. A number of financial services that do not come within the definition of MiFID Services (such as the administration of collective investment schemes) are subject to the requirements of the Investment Intermediaries Act 1995 (“IIA”). Each relevant Group company ensures that it fulfils its obligations under MiFID, the MiFID Regulations and the IIA, as appropriate, on an ongoing basis and ensures that it holds the appropriate authorisation for its business at all times.The following subsidiaries of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.; AIB Capital Markets p.l.c.; AIB Investment Managers Ltd.;AIB Corporate Finance Ltd.; and AIB International Financial Services Ltd. provide MiFID Services and each is authorised as an investment firm under the MiFID Regulations. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. also complies with the MiFID Regulations where it provides MiFID Services. It should be noted that AIB International Financial Services Limited was disposed of during 2011. Other Financial Services Companies In addition to the companies listed above, the Group includes a number of other financial services companies regulated by the Central Bank. AIB Mortgage Bank is a designated mortgage credit institution under the Asset Covered Securities Act 2001 (as amended), and is permitted to issue mortgage covered securities which are secured by a statutory preference over covered assets (principally, residential mortgage loans) comprised in a cover-assets pool. In addition to the role of the Central Bank, the activities of a credit institution that is designated for the purposes of the Asset Covered Securities Act 2001 (as amended) are subject to close oversight by an independent cover-assets monitor appointed by the credit institution and approved by the Central Bank of Ireland. The principal role of the cover-assets monitor is to ensure that the assets maintained in the covered assets pool are sufficient to provide adequate security to the holders of the asset covered securities. AIB Leasing Ltd. is authorised as a retail credit firm under the Central Bank Act, 1997. AIB Insurance Services Ltd. is authorised as an insurance intermediary under the Investment Intermediaries Act, 1995. On 1 July 2011, AIB acquired EBS Limited including EBS Mortgage Finance and Haven Mortgages Limited, both of which are 100% owned subsidiaries of EBS. EBS Limited is authorised as a credit institution. EBS Mortgage Finance is a designated mortgage credit institution under the Asset Covered Securities Act, 2001 (as amended). Haven Mortgages Limited is authorised as a retail credit firm under the Central Bank Act, 1997. Through a joint venture with Aviva Group Ireland, p.l.c., Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. indirectly owns 24.99% of two life assurance undertakings; Ark Life Assurance Ltd. and Aviva Life and Pensions Ireland Ltd. In addition, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. indirectly owns 30% of Aviva Health Insurance Ireland Ltd., a regulated non-life insurance undertaking. These undertakings must comply with the provisions of legislation including the Insurance Acts 1909 to 2009 and the European Communities (Life Assurance) Framework Regulations 1994 (as amended) or European Communities (Non-Life Assurance) Framework Regulations 1994, as relevant. Further, the European Communities (Insurance Mediation) Regulations 2005 have implemented the EU Directive on Insurance Mediation and lay down rules for undertaking insurance and reinsurance mediation, as well as prescribing registration requirements for persons who wish to carry out insurance mediation business or act as an insurance intermediary or as a reinsurance intermediary. Codes of conduct including Consumer Protection Code The Central Bank has issued a number of codes of conduct, codes of practice and other requirements applicable to credit institutions and other regulated financial services entities (including investment firms, insurance undertakings and intermediaries).These codes address a substantial range of requirements including supervisory and reporting, corporate governance, conduct of business, advertising, disclosure and record retention requirements. The Central Bank has also issued Client Asset Requirements which apply to financial services entities, including credit institutions and investment firms. The Central Bank introduced a new Consumer Protection Code, effective 1 January 2012. This Code imposes detailed rules on regulated financial services entities operating in Ireland in relation to non-MiFID investment, insurance and banking services provided. In addition, the Central Bank has imposed statutory Codes of Conduct in relation to business lending to small and medium-sized enterprises, dealing with residential mortgage arrears and lending to related parties. Consumer legislation The provision of credit to consumers is regulated in Ireland by the Consumer Credit Regulations and the Consumer Credit Act 1995 (the “1995 Act”).The Consumer Credit Regulations and the 1995 Act are relevant to the Group to the extent that any of its Group companies provide credit to consumers. The 1995 Act is also relevant to the Group to the extent that any of its Group companies provide credit in the form of housing loans. The Consumer Credit Regulations, which transpose into Irish law the provisions of the Consumer Credit Directive (Directive 2008/48/EC), prescribe a range of detailed requirements to be included in pre-contractual 220 information and consumer credit agreements to be provided to consumers and impose a number of obligations on the provider of such credit. Where the provision of a particular type of credit does not fall within the scope of the Consumer Credit Regulations, it may fall within the scope of the 1995 Act. The 1995 Act prescribes a range of detailed requirements to be included in consumer credit agreements to be provided to consumers and imposes a number of obligations on the provider of such credit. The 1995 Act also imposes a requirement on all credit institutions to notify the Central Bank in advance of imposing on a customer any new charge in relation to the provision of certain specified services; increasing any charge previously notified; or imposing any charge that does not comply with a direction from the Central Bank. Irish law contains a wide range of consumer protection provisions, such as the European Communities (Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts) Regulations 1995, the Consumer Protection Act 2007 and other measures regulating the content of face-to-face and distance marketing contracts made with a consumer. Deposit protection and investor compensation Under the European Communities (Deposit Guarantee Schemes) Regulations 1995 (as amended) which implement in Ireland the Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive (Directive 94/19/EC), the Central Bank operates a deposit protection scheme under which each licensed bank must contribute to the deposit protection account held by the Central Bank. Currently, the level of contribution required is 0.2 per cent of deposits (in whatever currency) held at all branches of the licensed bank in the EEA, including deposits on current accounts but excluding certain funds and commitments such as interbank deposits, negotiable certificates of deposit, debt securities issued by the same institution and promissory notes. The maximum amount of deposit protected is € 100,000 per depositor per institution. See note 56 (a) ‘Summary of relationship with the Irish Government’ in respect of the limited-duration State guarantee of many deposits in certain Irish credit institutions, including Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and some of its subsidiaries. The Investor Compensation Act 1998 (the ‘1998 Act’) provided for the establishment of the Investor Compensation Company Limited (the “ICCL”) to administer and supervise an investor compensation scheme. The 1998 Act requires authorised investment firms to pay the ICCL such contribution to the fund maintained by the ICCL as the ICCL may from time to time specify. The maximum amount payable under the investor compensation scheme is 90% of the amount lost by an eligible investor subject to a maximum compensation payment of € 20,000. Anti-money laundering The Third EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive (2005/60/EC) was transposed into Irish Law by the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 (the “2010 Act”) Persons designated under the 2010 Act (including credit institutions, financial institutions, investment firms, IIA firms and life assurance companies) are obliged to take the necessary measures to effectively counteract money laundering and terrorist financing in accordance with the provisions of the 2010 Act. Core guidelines have been published by the Department of Finance. The Guidelines have not been approved under section 107 of 2010 Act which is a matter for the Department of Justice and Equality and the Department of Finance. The 2010 Act introduced, inter alia, an obligation on designated persons to (i) apply customer due diligence procedures to their customers; (ii) identify and take risk based and adequate measures to verify beneficial ownership; and (iii) identify and apply enhanced customer due diligence requirements to non-resident politically exposed persons. The 2010 Act amended reporting requirements where a suspicious transaction report is necessitated. The 2010 Act also introduced a requirement for the authorisation of trust or company service providers. Analogously, Ireland, by means including the Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) Act 2005, applies EU and United Nations mandated restrictions on financial transfers with designated individuals and regimes and imposes criminal penalties for participating in the financing of terrorism. Data Protection The Data Protection Acts 1988 and 2003 (“DPAs”) regulate the disclosure and use of data relating to individual customers. The DPAs also require certain categories of ‘data controllers and data processors’, including financial institutions and insurance companies which process personal data, to register with the Irish Data Protection Commissioner. Each relevant Group company has implemented and monitors appropriate policies and procedures to ensure compliance with its obligations under the DPAs. The European Communities (Electronic Communications Networks and Services) (Data Protection and Privacy) Regulations 2003 (as amended) implement the EU Electronic Privacy Directive (2002/58/EC) and regulate marketing by electronic and other means. A new Personal Data Security Breach Code of Practice was issued by the Irish Data Protection Commissioner on 7 July 2010.That Code sets out the requirements relating to the reporting of data security breaches. The ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (S.I. 336) deal with data protection for phone, email, SME and internet use. 221 Governance & oversight - 4. Supervision & Regulation 4.3 United Kingdom Regulation of AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. is a company incorporated in Northern Ireland and is authorised by the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”) to carry on a wide range of regulated activities (including accepting deposits, advising on investments (except pension transfers and pension opt outs), arranging deals in investments (including regulated mortgage contracts) and dealing in investments (as both agent and principal), for both professional and retail clients in the United Kingdom. It carries on business under the trading names ‘Allied Irish Bank (GB)’, ‘Allied Irish Bank (GB) Savings Direct’and ‘First Trust Bank’ in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, respectively. FSMA is the principal piece of legislation governing the establishment, supervision and regulation of financial services and markets in the United Kingdom.The FSA is currently the single regulator for the full range of financial business in the United Kingdom; it derives its powers under FSMA and the Financial Services Act 2010. The FSA is responsible both for the prudential supervision and for the general supervision of AIB Group (UK) p.l.c.’s business in the United Kingdom. AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. must comply with the FSA’s prudential rules including rules relating to capital adequacy, limits on large exposures and liquidity; and the FSA’s non-prudential rules including rules relating to conduct of business, market conduct (including market abuse), money laundering and systems and controls.The FSA Handbook contains the rules and guidance issued by the FSA. The UK Government published the Financial Services Bill in January 2012 that, once enacted, will give effect to a new regulatory structure. Under this new structure, the Financial Policy Committee (“FPC”) within the Bank of England will be responsible for financial stability and macro prudential regulation. The Prudential Regulatory Authority (“PRA”) will be a subsidiary of the Bank of England, supervising the prudential compliance of deposit takers, insurers and a small number of significant investment firms. A new body, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) will be responsible for regulating conduct of business in wholesale and retail markets. AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. has the statutory power to issue bank notes as local currency in Northern Ireland (it does this under the name ‘First Trust Bank’). In this connection, it is subject to the provisions of the Bank Charter Act 1844, the Bankers (Northern Ireland) Acts 1845 and 1928, the Currency and Bank Notes Act 1928, the Allied Irish Banks Act 1981, the Allied Irish Banks Act 1993 and the Allied Irish Banks Act 1996. AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. subscribes to the Lending Code of the Lending Standards Board which is a self-regulatory code setting minimum standards of good practice in relation to lending, including loans, credit cards and current account overdrafts. The Lending Standards Board is the successor organisation to the Banking Code Standards Board and the Lending Code replaced the previous Banking Codes issued by the Banking Code Standards Board following the transfer of responsibilities for the conduct of business regulation for deposit taking and payment products to the FSA on 1 November 2009. As of 1 November 2009, the FSA has introduced the Banking Conduct Regime which sets out the new regulatory framework of retail banking services in relation to the regulated activity of payment services and accepting deposits from banking customers and activities connected with it. AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. is subject to the Banking Conduct Regime. First Trust Independent Financial Advisers Ltd (a company incorporated in Northern Ireland) is authorised by the FSA to advise on and arrange certain investments, including pensions, life policies, securities and non-investment insurance contracts. As in the case of AIB Group (UK) p.l.c., the FSA is responsible both for the prudential supervision and for the general supervision of First Trust Independent Financial Advisers Ltd’s business in the United Kingdom. From 1 December 2009, new liquidity rules came into force in the United Kingdom and are contained in the FSA’s Prudential Sourcebook for Banks, Building Societies and Investment Firms. The new rules require all UK authorised banks (including UK branches of foreign banks), investment firms and building societies to enforce more rigorous systems and controls, hold greater liquidity safeguards and increase their liquidity reporting. Regulation of AIB Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is incorporated and has its head office in Ireland, and is licensed as a credit institution in Ireland by the Central Bank of Ireland. Pursuant to the Banking Consolidation Directive (Directive 2006/48/EC (the “BCD”)), Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has exercised its EU ‘passport’ rights to provide banking, treasury and corporate treasury services in the United Kingdom on a cross-border basis and through the establishment of branches (in the name of AIB). In accordance with the BCD, the ‘Home State’ regulator (here, the Central Bank of Ireland) has primary responsibility for the prudential supervision of credit institutions incorporated in Ireland. However, credit institutions exercising their ‘passport’ rights must comply with certain requirements (in particular, conduct of business rules) set by the ‘Host State’ regulator (here, the FSA). In addition, the FSA has a responsibility to co-operate with the Central Bank of Ireland in ensuring that branches of Irish credit institutions in the United Kingdom maintain adequate liquidity and take sufficient steps to cover risks arising from their open positions on financial markets in the United Kingdom. 222 Regulation of other AIB Group entities Certain other AIB Group entities are authorised to carry on regulated activities by way of the right to provide cross-border services into the United Kingdom under the EU passport; however, they carry on an insignificant amount of business in the United Kingdom at present. Market in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”) MiFID was implemented in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2007.The requirements of MiFID apply to all regulated AIB Group entities in the European Union that carry out a MiFID investment service or activity, for example arranging deals in financial instruments, dealing as agent or principal in financial instruments, providing investment advice and conducting portfolio management activities. MiFID is currently under review by the European Commission with the intention of implementing MIFID 2 by the end of 2014. Insurance mediation Dealing as agent, arranging deals in, making arrangement with a view to transactions in, assisting in the administration and performance of, advising on non-investment insurance contracts and agreeing to carry on any of these activities (‘Insurance Mediation Activities’) are (subject to applicable exemptions) regulated activities under FSMA. Each of AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. and First Trust Independent Financial Advisers Ltd is authorised by the FSA to carry on all Insurance Mediation Activities. Mortgage regulation Entering into as lender, arranging, advising on and administering regulated mortgage contracts, and agreeing to carry on any of these activities, are (subject to applicable exemptions) regulated activities under FSMA.AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. is authorised by the FSA to enter into as lender, arrange and administer (but not advise on) regulated mortgage contracts. Deposit protection and investor compensation The Financial Services Compensation Schemes (“FSCS”) is the UK’s compensation fund of last resort for customers of authorised financial services firms and protects claims in respect of deposits, insurance policies, insurance broking (for business on or after 14 January 2005), investment business and home finance (e.g. mortgage advising and arranging) (for business on or after 31 October 2004). FSCS may pay compensation, subject to its rules, if a firm is unable or likely to be unable to meet its financial obligations. However, there are limits to the protection available under the FSCS. The deposit compensation limit increased on 31 December 2010 to 100 per cent. of £85,000 per person, per firm. Eligible investment business and home finance mediation claimants against firms declared in default on or after 1 January 2010 are entitled to receive 100 per cent. compensation for financial loss up to £50,000 per person, per firm. Compensation under the FSCS in respect of claims against insurance mediation firms are calculated on the basis of (i) claims in respect of liabilities subject to compulsory insurance, 100 per cent. of the claim and (ii) other insurance claims, 100 per cent. of the first £2,000 and 90 per cent. of the remainder of the claim against firms declared in default before 1 January 2010 and the maximum level of compensation for claims against firms declared in default on or after 1 January 2010 is 90 per cent. of the claim with no upper limit. Both AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. and First Trust Independent Financial Advisers Ltd are covered by the FSCS. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., as a bank operating in the United Kingdom under its EU passport, is not covered by the FSCS but, in accordance with the Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive (Directive 94/19/EC), is covered by its home state (Ireland) deposit compensation scheme. See note 56 ‘Summary of relationship with the Irish Government’. Consumer credit The Consumer Credit Act 1974, as amended (“CCA”) regulates unsecured and certain secured consumer loan businesses, consumer hire and ancillary credit businesses such as credit brokerage and debt collecting. A credit agreement is regulated by the CCA where (a) the borrower is or includes an ‘individual’ as defined in the CCA; (b) if the agreement was made before the removal of the CCA financial limit, the amount of credit provided is £25,000 or less and (c) the credit agreement is not an exempt agreement under the CCA (for example, it is a regulated mortgage contract (as defined by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001)). At present, the Office of Fair Trading (“OFT’) is responsible for the issue of licences under, and the superintendence of the working and the enforcement of, the CCA and other consumer protection legislation, although the Financial Services Bill envisages the transfer of consumer credit regulation to the FCA. Both Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. hold current CCA licences.The EU Consumer Credit Directive (2008/48/EC) was implemented into UK legislation via, inter alia, the Consumer Credit (EC Directive) Regulations 2010 (SI 2010/1010).The majority of the provisions came into force on 1 February 2011, with a small number having come into force on 30 April 2010. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (the ‘Unfair Terms Regulations’) apply to certain contracts for goods and services entered into with consumers, including mortgages and related products and services.The main effect of the Unfair Terms Regulations is that a non-negotiated contractual term covered by the Unfair Terms Regulations which is ‘unfair’ will not be 223 Governance & oversight - 4. Supervision & Regulation enforceable against a consumer.The Unfair Terms Regulations will not generally affect terms which set out the subject matter of the contract, or concern the adequacy of price or remuneration for its goods and services sold, provided they are written in plain and intelligible language and are adequately drawn to the consumer’s attention. Anti-money laundering The third EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive (2005/60/EC) adopted by the European Union in October 2005 was implemented in the UK on 15 December 2007 via the Money Laundering Regulations 2007.Practical assistance in the interpretation and application of the UK Money Laundering Regulations is provided by the guidance published by the Joint Money Laundering Steering Group (“JMLSG”) which comprises several major trade bodies from within the financial services industry. The Money Laundering Regulations 2007 provide detailed obligations for designated persons, which included credit institutions,financial institutions, legal professionals and estate agents. For example, in relation to customer due diligence there is an explicit requirement for firms to undertake ongoing monitoring of business relationships and for firms to identify not just their customer but also the ultimate beneficial owner of the customer(s) on a risk sensitive basis. Enhanced due diligence is expected to be carried out where a customer poses a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. In addition to the Money Laundering Regulations 2007, other acts of the UK Parliament such as the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002,Terrorism Act 2000 and the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 are designed to combat money laundering/counter terrorist financing in the UK. Data protection The Data Protection Act 1998 (“UKDPA”) is the primary legislation regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal data relating to individuals in the United Kingdom.The UKDPA imposes a number of obligations on ‘data controllers’, including a requirement to notify the UK Information Commissioner’s Office that it is a ‘data controller’ processing personal information in an automated form and comply with eight data protection principles. Each relevant AIB Group company has implemented and monitored appropriate procedures to ensure compliance with its obligations under the UKDPA. Civil and criminal sanctions apply for contraventions of the UKDPA.These include the issuance of monetary penalty notices to a maximum of £500,000 by the UK Information Commissioner for serious contraventions of the UKDPA. The UKDPA and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 are the main laws which regulate the use of personal data for marketing purposes by electronic means and automated calling system in the United Kingdom. However, on 25 January 2012, the European Commission published a proposal for a new data protection regulation, which , if adopted, would provide the basis for a new EU wide date protection regulatory framework. 224 4.4 United States Nature of the AIB Group’s activities As a result of its operations in the United States, AIB is subject to extensive federal and state banking supervision and regulation. AIB engages in US banking activities directly through its branch in New York. Applicable federal and state banking laws and regulations Under the US International Banking Act of 1978, as amended (the “IBA”), AIB is a foreign banking organisation and is treated as a bank holding company, as such terms are defined in the statute, and, as such, is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve. AIB is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act and is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve.As a bank holding company that has not elected to be a ‘financial holding company’, AIB is generally required to limit its direct and indirect activities in the United States to banking activities and activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to be ‘so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto’. AIB is required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before making any investment that would give it ‘control’ over a US banking organisation, before acquiring 5 per cent. or more of the voting shares of any US non-banking company or before engaging in, directly or indirectly, certain non-banking activities. AIB conducts corporate lending, treasury and other operations. AIB’s New York branch is supervised by the Federal Reserve and the New York State Department of Financial Services. Under the IBA, the Federal Reserve may terminate the activities of any US branch or agency of a foreign bank if it determines that the foreign bank is not subject to comprehensive supervision on a consolidated basis in its home country (unless the home country is making demonstrable progress toward establishing such supervision), or that there is reasonable cause to believe that such foreign bank or its affiliate has violated the law or engaged in an unsafe or unsound banking practice in the United States and, as a result of such violation or practice, the continued operation of the US office would be inconsistent with the public interest or with the purposes of federal banking laws. Under the New York Banking Law, the New York State Department of Financial Services may take possession of the business and property of a New York state-licensed branch under circumstances generally including violations of law, unsafe or unsound practices or insolvency. Under US federal banking laws, state-licensed branches (such as AIB’s New York branch) may not, as a general matter, engage as a principal in any type of activity not permissible for their federally licensed counterparts, unless the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) determines that the additional activity is consistent with sound banking practices. US federal and state banking laws also generally subject state branches to the same single-borrower lending limits that apply to federal branches or agencies, which are substantially similar to the lending limits applicable to national banks.These single-borrower lending limits are based on the worldwide capital of the entire foreign bank (i.e., AIB). Anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism and economic sanctions regulations have become a major focus of US government policy relating to financial institutions and are rigorously enforced. Regulations applicable to AIB and its affiliates impose obligations to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering. In particular,Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act, as amended, requires financial institutions operating in the United States to (i) give special attention to correspondent and payable-through bank accounts, (ii) implement enhanced due diligence and ‘know your customer’ standards for private banking and correspondent banking relationships, (iii) scrutinise the beneficial ownership and activity of certain non-US and private banking customers (especially for so-called politically exposed persons) and (iv) develop new anti-money laundering programmes, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programmes are intended to supplement any existing compliance programmes under the Bank Secrecy Act and Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) regulations. OFAC administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries, terrorists and international narcotics traffickers to carry out US foreign policy and national security objectives. Generally, the regulations require blocking of accounts and other property of specified countries, entities and individuals, and the prohibition of certain types of transactions (unless OFAC issues a licence) with specified countries, entities and individuals. Banks, including US branches of foreign banks, are expected to establish and maintain appropriate OFAC compliance programmes to ensure compliance with OFAC regulations. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programmes to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution. Applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations Until their delisting in August 2011, AIB’s Ordinary Shares were listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares which are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Like other registrants, AIB files reports required under the US Exchange Act and other information with the SEC, including Annual Financial Reports on Form 20-F and Current Reports on Form 6-K. On 30 July 2002, the President of the United States signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposes significant requirements on AIB and other SEC registrants. These include requirements with respect to the composition of AIB’s Audit Committee, the supervision of AIB’s auditors (and the services that may be provided by such auditors) and 225 Governance & oversight - 4. Supervision & Regulation the need for personal certification by the chief executive officer and chief (principal) financial officer of Annual Financial Reports on Form 20-F, as well as the financial statements included in such reports and related matters. Although subject to such requirements, the US Exchange Act and related SEC rules and regulations afford foreign private issuers, including AIB, relief from a number of requirements applicable to US registrants and, in certain respects, defers to the home country requirements of the company in question. AIB’s Annual Financial Reports on Form 20-F include disclosure of significant executive compensation and other disclosures applicable to AIB under Irish law, but these disclosures are not fully comparable with disclosure requirements applicable to US registrants. In addition, the SEC’s rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are, in some respects, less burdensome on AIB and other foreign private issuers than they are on similarly situated US registrants. AIB’s Annual Financial Reports on Form 20-F also reflect compliance with the internal control and auditor attestation requirements applicable to AIB by virtue of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Recent regulatory reform developments On 21 July 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which amongst other things, imposes certain limitations on banks engaging in proprietary trading activities, increases regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market, establishes a consumer protection agency and establishes a mechanism for the orderly liquidation of large, failing financial institutions that threaten US financial stability. Many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act require rulemaking by the applicable U.S. regulatory agency, such as the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”), the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) before the related provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act become effective. The Dodd-Frank Act will result in significant changes in the regulation of the U.S. financial services industry, including reforming the financial supervisory and regulatory framework in the United States. Numerous rules have been proposed and/or adopted to implement the Dodd-Frank Act and the implementation process will likely continue for the next several years. A proposed rule to limit certain proprietary trading activities and investments in private equity and hedge funds (the so called ‘Volcker Rule’) was issued by the federal banking agencies and the SEC on 11 November 2011. On 20 December 2011, the Federal Reserve released its proposed rule implementing risk-based capital, liquidity and other requirements for systemically important financial institutions (“SIFIs”) under section 165 of the Dodd-Frank Act. Among the other currently issued proposed or final implementing rules are rules relating to resolution plans for SIFIs, the ‘push-out’ of certain swaps activities, including (in the case of uninsured U.S. branches of foreign banks) interest rate swap activities, a floor for risk-based capital requirements (the so called ‘Collins Amendment’) and incentive-based compensation. 4.5 Other locations Smaller operations are undertaken in other locations that are also subject to the regulatory environment in those jurisdictions. In addition, discontinued operations are subject to the regulatory environment in which they operate. 226 Accounting policies* 1 Reporting entity 2 Statement of compliance 3 Basis of preparation 4 Basis of consolidation 5 Foreign currency translation 6 Interest income and expense recognition 7 Fee and commission income 8 Net trading income 9 Dividend income 10 Operating leases 11 Employee benefits 12 Non-credit risk provisions 13 Income tax, including deferred income tax 14 Impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets 15 Impairment of financial assets 16 Determination of fair value of financial instruments 17 Valuation of NAMA senior bonds 18 Financial assets 19 Financial liabilities 20 Property, plant and equipment 21 Intangible assets 22 Derivatives and hedge accounting 23 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations 24 Financial assets held for sale to NAMA 25 Collateral and netting 26 Financial guarantees 27 Sale and repurchase agreements (including stock borrowing and lending) 28 Leases 29 Shareholders’ equity 30 Insurance and investment contracts 31 Segment reporting 32 Cash and cash equivalents 33 Prospective accounting changes *Forms an integral part of the audited financial statements. 227 Accounting policies* The significant accounting policies that the Group applied in the preparation of the financial statements are set out in this section. 1 Reporting entity Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (‘the parent company’) is a company domiciled in Ireland. The address of the Company’s registered office is Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland. The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (the parent company) and its subsidiary undertakings, collectively referred to as the ‘Group’, where appropriate, including certain special purpose entities and are made up to the end of the financial year. The Group is and has been primarily involved in retail and corporate banking, investment banking and the provision of asset management services. 2 Statement of compliance The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards (collectively “IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) and applicable for the year ended 31 December 2011. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by Group entities and are consistent with the previous year, unless otherwise described. The financial statements also comply with the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009 and the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Accounts) Regulations, 1992 (as amended) and the Asset Covered Securities Acts 2001 and 2007. The company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU as applicable for the year ended 31 December 2011 and with Irish Statute. In publishing the parent company financial statements together with the Group financial statements, AIB has taken advantage of the exemption in paragraph 2 of the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Accounts) Regulations, 1992 not to present its parent company income statement, statement of comprehensive income and related notes that form part of these approved financial statements. 3 Basis of preparation The financial statements are presented in euro, which is the functional currency of the parent company and a significant number of its subsidiaries, rounded to the nearest million. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost basis, with the exception of the following assets and liabilities which are stated at their fair value: derivative financial instruments, financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, certain hedged financial assets and financial liabilities and financial assets classified as available-for-sale. The financial statements comprise the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated and parent company statements of financial position, the consolidated and parent company statements of cash flows, and the consolidated and parent company statements of movements in equity together with the related notes. These notes also include financial instrument related disclosures which are required by IFRS 7 and revised IAS 1, contained in the Financial review and the Risk management sections of this Annual Financial Report. The information on those pages is identified as forming an integral part of the audited financial statements. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since management’s judgement involves making estimates concerning the likelihood of future events, the actual results could differ from those estimates. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in any future period affected. The estimates that have a significant effect on the financial statements and estimates with a significant risk of material adjustment in the next year are in the areas of loan impairment and impairment of financial instruments; determination of the fair value of certain financial assets and financial liabilities; retirement benefit obligations; financial asset and financial liability classification; the recoverability of deferred tax; and NAMA bonds valuation. In addition, the designation of financial assets and financial liabilities has a significant impact on their income statement treatment and could have a significant impact on reported income. A description of these estimates and judgments is set out within Financial review - Critical accounting policies. This section is identified as forming an integral part of the audited financial statements. Arising from the results of the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”)/Prudential Liquidity Assessment Review (“PLAR”) in March 2011, AIB is required to dispose of non-core financial assets. Accordingly, certain of these financial assets are classified as held for sale at 31 December 2011. These assets do not constitute a major line of business or a geographical area of operations, but are included within ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’ (note 26). At 31 December 2010, discontinued operations were included within this caption and comprised BZWBK and Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD, both of which have since been disposed of. 228 3 Basis of preparation (continued) Going concern The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as the Directors are satisfied, having considered the risks and uncertainties impacting the Group, that it has the ability to continue in business for the foreseeable future. In making its assessment, the Directors have considered a wide range of information relating to present and future conditions. These have included financial plans, cash flow and funding forecasts, capital resources projections, all of which have been prepared under base and stress scenarios. In addition, the Directors have considered the commitment of support provided to AIB by the Irish Government through the programme for restructuring the Irish banking system with AIB designated as one of the two ‘Pillar Banks’. Furthermore, the Directors have considered the outlook for the Irish economy, taking into account such factors as progress on improving the fiscal situation and the support provided by the EU/IMF to Ireland. The Directors also considered the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis in its assessment of the going concern basis. Background The deterioration in the Irish economy culminated in the EU/IMF Programme of Financial Support for Ireland. This deterioration, which persisted throughout 2010 and 2011 presents significant risks and challenges for the Group in the years ahead: The funding position of the Group has been impacted by: - The downgrading of the Group and sovereign credit ratings; - The withdrawal of the Irish Government from the funding markets; and - The EU/IMF Programme of Financial Support and the consequent withdrawal of funds from Irish banks. The EU/IMF Programme provided for the restructuring and reorganisation of the Irish banks. The subsequent Financial Measures Programme published by the Central Bank in March 2011 set a PCAR requirement for AIB (including EBS) to raise capital amounting to € 14.8 billion. This requirement was met by the end July 2011 through liability management exercises and Government capital injections (€ 5 billion by way of an equity placing; a capital contribution of € 6.1 billion; and € 1.6 billion by way of a Contingent Capital Notes issuance). Since 2010 and through 2011, AIB has had limited access to wholesale funding and has been dependant on secured funding from the European Central Bank (“ECB”) and has utilised non standard facilities from the Central Bank for a limited period. The Bank ceased using non-standard facilities in April 2011. Breaches of liquidity ratios up to July 2011 were remedied as new capital was injected by the Government. However, AIB’s ECB repo funding has continued, since October 2010, to exceed a regulatory limit of 25%. Market volatility remained elevated and liquidity depressed during 2011 driven by the deterioration in global credit markets as sovereign difficulties in the eurozone grew and the overall global macroeconomic environment remained uncertain. Credit spreads widened sharply, especially in the second half of the year, for certain countries within the Eurozone. This negative sentiment impacted on access to wholesale funding for certain sovereigns and credit institutions across Europe. At different stages since the beginning of 2011, European leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the euro: - On 21 July 2011, a statement by the Heads of State or Government of the euro area and EU institutions reaffirmed their commitment to the euro and to do whatever was needed to ensure the financial stability of the euro area as a whole and its Member States; - ECB decided to actively implement its Securities Markets Programme i.e. to intervene in the euro area public and private debt securities markets (to ensure depth and liquidity in those market segments which are dysfunctional); - On 9 December 2011, the Heads of State or Government of the euro area and European Council agreed a package of measures to restore confidence in the financial markets which included: - a new fiscal compact and the strengthening of stabilisation tools for the euro area including a more effective European Financial Stability Facility (“EFSF”); - the bringing forward of the implementation of the European Stability Mechanism (“ESM”); and - a solution for the unique challenges faced by Greece. - On 21 February 2012, European leaders agreed a second bail-out package for Greece in order to secure Greece’s future in the euro area. These various measures, adopted since the beginning of 2011, are indicative of the commitment of all euro area Member States to save the euro and to support euro area members. 229 Accounting policies (continued) 3 Basis of preparation (continued) Capital Under the EU/IMF Programme and the subsequent Financial Measures Programme published by the Central Bank in March 2011, which detailed the outcome of its review of capital (PCAR) and funding (PLAR), AIB was set a minimum capital target of 10.5% core tier 1 in the base scenario, and a 6% core tier 1 in the stress scenario, plus an additional protective buffer which could be in the form of contingent capital. The total PCAR requirement for AIB (including EBS) was € 14.8 billion. This requirement was met by the end July 2011 as outlined above. The Group’s core tier 1 ratio at 31 December 2011 is 17.9% (2010: 4%). The Group’s total capital ratio at 31 December 2011 is 20.5% (2010: 9.2%). AIB has passed the European Banking Authority (“EBA”) stress test in July 2011 and the EBA capital exercise in December 2011 (which incorporated a capital buffer for sovereign exposures) without any further capital being required. The Directors have reviewed the capital and financial plans for the period of assessment and believe that the capital resources are sufficient to ensure that the Group is adequately capitalised both in a base and stress scenario.The Irish Government, as AIB’s primary shareholder, has confirmed its recognition of AIB as a pillar bank, given its key role in supporting the Irish economy. In support of this role it has ensured that AIB has been sufficiently capitalised to meet the capital targets set by the Central Bank of Ireland through its 2011 PCAR and PLAR assessment. Liquidity and funding The Group’s balance sheet saw significant change in 2011 arising from: the disposal of BZWBK; the acquisition of NAMA senior bonds and the deposit business from Anglo Irish Bankcorp (‘Anglo’); the acquisition of EBS; the recapitalisation in July and asset deleveraging in the Non-Core segment. These changes reduced the funding requirement of AIB by € 10 billion in 2011. The cash proceeds from the sale of BZWBK, the State deposit in advance of the Government capital injection and the issuance of Own Use Bank Bonds (i.e. self issued MTN under the Government guarantee) enabled AIB exit non standard facilities in April 2011. Nonetheless, the Group remains heavily dependent on Central Bank/ECB support, which amounted to € 31 billion (including EBS) at 31 December 2011 down from € 37 billion (AIB only) at 31 December 2010. AIB’s access to wholesale funding markets continued to be restricted in 2011. This is a result of the continued negative sentiment towards the IMF/ECB bail out in the first half of 2011, the Europe-wide uncertainty in the second half of 2011 and the Group’s credit rating. This increases the requirement for AIB to maintain/increase its deposit franchise, deleverage its balance sheet enabling reduction in wholesale funding dependency. Customer deposits remain the largest source of funding for the Group. Excluding the Anglo and EBS deposits, plus the impact of the NTMA deposits at June 2011, the Group’s deposits were broadly stable in the second half of 2011, notwithstanding the uncertainty Europe-wide in the latter months of the year. While the Irish Sovereign’s credit rating was downgraded in 2011 and contagion has spread to the broader euro area, the Irish Sovereign has been able to distinguish itself from the other peripheral countries. In particular, the Irish Government has met the fiscal requirements and the recapitalisation of its banks as part of its EU/IMF Programme which has resulted in bond yields significantly tightening since July 2011. Notwithstanding the 2011 improvements, it is expected that the Group will continue to be reliant on the monetary authorities for funding during the assessment period. However, AIB’s access to Central Bank funding support as required is considered to be assured due to its position as one of the two ‘Pillar Banks’ and in particular by the announcements by the ECB and the Minister for Finance on 31 March 2011 to the effect that the required Central Bank funding would be made available. Furthermore, the ECB confirmed that the Eurosystem would continue to provide liquidity to banks in Ireland, including AIB. Furthermore, the Group have had discussions with the Central Bank and it sought assurance of the continued availability of the required liquidity from the Eurosystem during the period of assessment for the going concern statement. The Directors are satisfied based on the clarity of confirmations received from the Central Bank and public announcements by ECB, EU and IMF, that in all reasonable circumstances, the required liquidity and funding from the Central Bank/ECB will be available to the Group during the period of assessment. The Directors, therefore consider that the funding and liquidity position of AIB is assured during the assessment period. Conclusion On the basis of the above, the Directors believe that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis having concluded that there are no material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern over the period of assessment. 230 3 Basis of preparation (continued) Adoption of new accounting standards The following amendments to standards have been adopted by the Group during the year ended 31 December 2011. Amendment to IAS 24 – Related Party Disclosures This amendment simplifies the definition of a related party, clarifying its intended meaning and eliminating inconsistencies from the definition. It also provides a partial exemption from the disclosure requirements for government-related entities which, as permitted by the amendment, was early adopted by the Group in 2010.The remainder of the amendment, which did not have any significant impact on the disclosures given, deals with the disclosure of certain related party relationships, transactions and outstanding balances including commitments in the financial statements of the Group. Amendment to IAS 32 – Financial Instruments: Presentation-Classification of rights issues The amendment which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 February 2010, states that if rights are issued by an entity pro rata to all existing shareholders in the same class for a fixed amount of currency, they should be classified as equity regardless of the currency in which the exercise price is denominated. This amendment did not have any impact on the Group’s financial statements but may do so in the future. Amendment to IFRIC 14 - Prepayments of a Minimum Funding Requirement The amendment which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011 corrects an unintended consequence of IFRIC 14 IAS 19 – The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction. Without the amendment, in some circumstances entities would not be permitted to recognise as an asset some voluntary prepayments for minimum funding contributions. This was not intended when IFRIC 14 was issued, and the amendment corrects the problem. The revision will allow such prepayments to be recorded as assets in the statement of financial position. This IFRIC did not have any impact on the Group. IFRIC 19 Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments This IFRIC which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2010, clarifies the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) when an entity renegotiates the terms of a financial liability with its creditor and the creditor agrees to accept the entity’s shares or other equity instruments to settle the financial liability fully or partially. The impact on the Group will be dependent on the nature of any future liability management actions undertaken by the Group. Improvement to IFRSs May 2010 In May 2010, the IASB issued its third edition of amendments to its standards, primarily with a view to removing inconsistencies and clarifying wording. The adoption of the following amendments resulted in changes to accounting policies and/or disclosures, but did not have any impact on the financial position or performance of the Group. - IFRS 3 Business Combinations: The measurement options available for non-controlling interest (“NCI”) have been amended. Only components of NCI that constitute a present ownership interest that entitles their holder to a proportionate share of the entity’s net assets in the event of liquidation shall be measured at either fair value or at the present ownership interests’ proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components are to be measured at their acquisition date fair value. - IFRS 7 Financial Instruments - Disclosures: The amendment to IFRS 7 clarifies the required level of disclosure about credit risk and collateral held and provides relief from disclosures previously required regarding renegotiated loans. - IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: The amendment clarifies that an option to present an analysis of each component of other comprehensive income may be included either in the statement of changes in equity or in the notes to the financial statements. The Group has adopted the option of disclosing this analysis in the notes to the financial statements. 231 Accounting policies (continued) 3 Basis of preparation (continued) Adoption of new accounting standards (continued) - IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting: These amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011, emphasise the principle in IAS 34 that disclosures about significant events and transactions in interim periods should update the relevant information presented in the most recent annual financial report. Additional disclosure requirements included in the amendment require the Group to disclose: - transfers between levels of the ‘fair value hierarchy’ used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments; - changes in the classification of financial assets as a result of a change in the purpose or use of those assets; - changes in the business or economic circumstances that affect the fair value of the entity’s financial assets and financial liabilities, whether those assets or liabilities are recognised at fair value or amortised cost; and - changes in contingent liabilities or contingent assets. These amendments were adopted in the Group’s most recent Interim financial statements. Other amendments resulting from Improvements to IFRSs which the Group adopted in 2011 did not have any impact on the accounting policies, financial position or performance of the Group 232 4 Basis of consolidation Subsidiary undertakings A subsidiary is one where the Group has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity, so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered in assessing whether the Group controls the entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group until the date that control ceases. A special purpose entity is an entity created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective such as the securitisation of particular assets, or the execution of a specific borrowing or lending transaction. The financial statements of special purpose entities are included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements where the substance of the relationship is that the Group controls the special purpose entity. The Group accounts for the acquisition of businesses using the acquisition method except for those businesses under common control. Under the acquisition method, the consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition date fair value of assets transferred by the Group, liabilities incurred by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree, and the equity interests issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition related costs are generally recognised in the income statement as incurred. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree, if any, over the net of the acquisition date fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Group commonly acts as trustee and in other fiduciary capacities that result in the holding or placing of assets on behalf of individuals, trusts, retirement benefit plans and other institutions. These assets, and income arising thereon, are excluded from the financial statements, as they are not assets of the Group. Common control transactions The Group accounts for the acquisition of businesses or investments in subsidiary undertakings between members of the Group at carrying value at the date of the transaction unless prohibited by company law or IFRS. This policy also applies to the acquisition of businesses by the Group of other entities under the common control of the Irish Government. Where the acquired net assets exceed the fair value of the consideration paid, the excess is accounted for as a capital contribution (accounting policy number 29). On impairment or final sale of the subsidiary in the parent company’s separate financial statements, an amount equal to the impairment charge net of tax in the income statement is transferred from capital contribution reserves to revenue reserves. For acquisitions under common control, comparative data is not restated. The consolidation of the acquired entity is effective from the acquisition date with intercompany balances eliminated at a Group level on this date. Associated undertakings An associate undertaking is generally one in which the Group’s interest is greater than 20% and less than 50% and in which the Group has significant influence, but not control, over the entity’s operating and financial policies. Investments in associated undertakings are initially recorded at cost and increased (or decreased) each year by the Group’s share of the post acquisition net income (or loss), and other movements reflected directly in other comprehensive income of the associated undertaking. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of an associated undertaking is included in the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate has reduced the carrying amount to zero, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations to make payments on behalf of the associate. The Group’s share of the results of associated undertakings after tax reflects the Group’s proportionate interest in the associated undertaking and is based on financial statements made up to a date not earlier than three months before the period end reporting date, adjusted to conform with the accounting polices of the Group. Since goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of the investment in an associate is not recognised separately, it is therefore not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of the investment in an associate is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective evidence that the investment in an associate may be impaired. Transactions eliminated on consolidation Intra-group balances and any unrealised income and expenses, arising from intra-group transactions are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. Unrealised gains and losses on transactions with associated undertakings are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investees. 233 Accounting policies (continued) 5 Foreign currency translation Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using their functional currency, being the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the respective entity’s functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-translated at the rate prevailing at the period end. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the re-translation at period end exchange rates of the amortised cost of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. Exchange differences on equities and similar non-monetary items held at fair value through profit or loss are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. Exchange differences on equities classified as available for sale financial assets, together with exchange differences on a financial liability designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation are reported in other comprehensive income. Foreign operations The results and financial position of all Group entities that have a functional currency different from the euro are translated into euro as follows: - assets and liabilities including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on consolidation of foreign operations are translated at the closing rate; - income and expenses are translated into euro at the average rates of exchange during the period where these rates approximate to the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions; - foreign currency translation differences are recognised in other comprehensive income; and - since 1 January 2004, the Group’s date of transition to IFRS, all such exchange differences are included in the foreign currency translation reserve within shareholders’ equity. When a foreign operation is disposed of in full, the relevant amount of the foreign currency translation reserve is transferred to the income statement. When a subsidiary is partly disposed of, the foreign currency translation reserve is re-attributed to the non-controlling interest. 6 Interest income and expense recognition Interest income and expense is recognised in the income statement for all interest-bearing financial instruments using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability (or group of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. The application of the method has the effect of recognising income receivable and expense payable on the instrument evenly in proportion to the amount outstanding over the period to maturity or repayment. In calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates cash flows (using projections based on its experience of customers’ behaviour) considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument but excluding future credit losses. The calculation takes into account all fees, including those for early redemption, and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all other premiums and discounts. All costs associated with mortgage incentive schemes are included in the effective interest rate calculation. Fees and commissions payable to third parties in connection with lending arrangements, where these are direct and incremental costs related to the issue of a financial instrument, are included in interest income as part of the effective interest rate. Interest income and expense presented in the consolidated income statement includes:- - Interest on financial assets and financial liabilities at amortised cost on an effective interest method; - Interest on financial investments available for sale on an effective interest method; - Net interest income and expense on qualifying hedge derivatives designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges which are - recognised in interest income or interest expense; and - Interest income and funding costs of trading portfolio financial assets, excluding dividends on equity shares. 234 7 Fee and commission income Fees and commissions are generally recognised on an accruals basis when the service has been provided, unless they have been included in the effective interest rate calculation. Loan syndication fees are recognised as revenue when the syndication has been completed and the Group has retained no part of the loan package for itself or retained a part at the same effective interest rate as applicable to the other participants. Portfolio and other management advisory and service fees are recognised based on the applicable service contracts. Asset management fees relating to investment funds are recognised over the period the service is provided. The same principle is applied to the recognition of income from wealth management, financial planning and custody services that are continuously provided over an extended period of time. Commitment fees, together with related direct costs, for loan facilities where drawdown is probable are deferred and recognised as an adjustment to the effective interest rate on the loan once drawn. Commitment fees in relation to facilities where drawdown is not probable are recognised over the term of the commitment on a straight line basis. Other credit related fees are recognised as the service is provided except for arrangement fees where it is likely that the facility will be drawn down and which are included in the effective interest rate calculation. 8 Net trading income Net trading income comprises gains less losses relating to trading assets and trading liabilities and includes all realised and unrealised fair value changes. 9 Dividend income Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend income is established. Usually this is the ex-dividend date for equity securities. 10 Operating leases Payments made under operating leases are recognised in the income statement on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received and premiums paid at inception of the lease are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense over the term of the lease. 11 Employee benefits Retirement benefit obligations The Group provides employees with post retirement benefits mainly in the form of pensions. The Group provides a number of retirement benefit schemes including defined benefit and defined contribution as well as a hybrid scheme that has both defined benefit and defined contribution elements. In addition, the Group contributes, according to local law in the various countries in which it operates, to Governmental and other schemes which have the characteristics of defined contribution schemes. The majority of the defined benefit schemes are funded. Full actuarial valuations of defined benefit schemes are undertaken every three years and are updated to reflect current conditions at each year-end reporting date. Scheme assets are measured at fair value determined by using current bid prices. Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned for their service in current and prior periods and discounting that benefit at the current rate of return on a high quality corporate bond of equivalent term and currency to the liability. The calculation is performed by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. The difference between the fair value of the scheme assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the year-end reporting date is recognised in the statement of financial position. Schemes in surplus are shown as assets and schemes in deficit, together with unfunded schemes, are shown as liabilities. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in other comprehensive income. The cost of providing defined benefit pension schemes to employees, comprising the current service cost, past service cost, curtailments, the expected return on scheme assets, and the change in the present value of scheme liabilities arising from the passage of time is charged to the income statement within personnel expenses. The cost of the Group’s defined contribution schemes, is charged to the income statement in the accounting period in which it is incurred. Any contributions unpaid at the year-end reporting date are included as a liability. The Group has no further obligation under these schemes once these contributions have been paid. 235 Accounting policies (continued) 11 Employee benefits (continued) Short-term employee benefits Short-term employee benefits, such as salaries and other benefits, are accounted for on an accruals basis over the period during which employees have provided services. Bonuses are recognised to the extent that the Group has a legal or constructive obligation to its employees that can be measured reliably. The cost of providing subsidised staff loans and preferential rates on staff deposits is charged within personnel expenses. Termination benefits Termination benefits are recognised as an expense when the Group is demonstrably committed, without the realistic possibility of withdrawal, to a formal plan to terminate employment before the normal retirement date. Termination benefits for voluntary redundancies are recognised if the Group has made an offer encouraging voluntary redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably. Share based compensation The Group operates a number of equity settled share based compensation schemes. The fair value of the employee services received is measured by reference to the fair value of the shares or share options granted on the date of the grant. The cost of the employee services received in exchange for the shares or share options granted is recognised in the income statement over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to the options, which is the vesting period. The amount expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted. The fair value of the options granted is determined using option pricing models, which take into account the exercise price of the option, the share price at date of grant of the option, the risk free interest rate, the expected volatility of the share price over the life of the option and other relevant factors. Vesting conditions included in the terms of the grant are not taken into account in estimating fair value except where those terms relate to market conditions. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of shares or share options included in the measurement of the cost of employee services so that ultimately the amount recognised in the income statement reflects the number of vested shares or share options. Where vesting conditions are related to market conditions, the charges for the services received are recognised regardless of whether or not the market related vesting conditions are met, provided that any non-market vesting conditions are met. If either the Group or the employee can choose whether or not to meet a non-vesting condition, the Group will treat its employee’s failure to meet that non-vesting condition during the vesting period as a cancellation. A cancellation requires the immediate recognition of the amount that otherwise would have been recognised for services received over the remainder of the vesting period. The expense relating to equity settled share based payments is credited to the share based payments reserve in shareholders’ equity. Where the share based payment arrangements give rise to the issue of new shares, the proceeds of issue of the shares are credited to share capital (nominal amount) and share premium when the options are exercised. When the share based payment gives rise to the reissue of shares from treasury shares, the proceeds of issue are credited to the treasury shares reserve within shareholders’ equity. In addition, there is a transfer between the share based payment reserve and revenue reserves reflecting the cost of the share based payment already recognised in the income statement. 12 Non-credit risk provisions Provisions are recognised for present legal or constructive obligations arising as consequences of past events where it is probable that a transfer of economic benefit will be necessary to settle the obligation, and it can be reliably estimated. When the effect is material, provisions are determined by discounting expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Payments are deducted from the present value of the provision and interest, at the relevant discount rate, is charged annually to interest expense using the effective interest method. Changes in the present value of the liability as a result of movements in interest rates are included in other financial income. The present value of provisions is included in other liabilities. When a leasehold property ceases to be used in the business, provision is made, where the unavoidable costs of future obligations relating to the lease are expected to exceed anticipated income. The provision is calculated using market rates of interest to reflect the long-term nature of the cash flows. Before the provision is established, the Group recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with the lease contract. 236 12 Non-credit risk provisions (continued) Restructuring costs Where the Group has a formal plan for restructuring a business and has raised valid expectations in the areas affected by the restructuring by starting to implement the plan or announcing its main features, provision is made for the anticipated cost of restructuring, including retirement benefits and redundancy costs, when an obligation exists. The provision raised is normally utilised within twelve months. Future operating costs are not provided for. Legal claims and other contingencies Provisions are made for legal claims where the Group has present legal or constructive obligations as a result of past events and it is more likely than not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence of uncertain future events or present obligations where the transfer of economic benefit is uncertain or cannot be reliably estimated. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements unless the possibility of the transfer of economic benefit is remote. A provision is recognised for a constructive obligation where a past event has led to an obligating event. This obligating event has left the Group with little realistic alternative but to settle the obligation and the Group has created a valid expectation in other parties that it will discharge the obligation. 13 Income tax, including deferred income tax Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. Income tax relating to items in equity is recognised directly in equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred income tax is provided, using the financial statement liability method, on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates based on legislation enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and expected to apply when the deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognised when it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences will be utilised. The tax effects of income tax losses available for carry forward are recognised as an asset when it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which these losses can be utilised. Deferred and current tax assets and liabilities are only offset when they arise in the same tax reporting group and where there is both the legal right and the intention to settle the current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The principal temporary differences arise from depreciation of property, plant and equipment, revaluation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities including derivative contracts, provisions for pensions and other post retirement benefits, and in relation to acquisitions, on the difference between the fair values of the net assets acquired and their tax base. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, the following temporary differences are not provided for: goodwill, the amortisation of which is not deductible for tax purposes, and assets and liabilities the initial recognition of which affect neither accounting nor taxable profit. Income tax payable on profits, based on the applicable tax law in each jurisdiction, is recognised as an expense in the period in which the profits arise. 237 Accounting policies (continued) 14 Impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets Annually, or more frequently where events or changes in circumstances dictate, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are assessed for indications of impairment. If indications are present, these assets are subject to an impairment review. Goodwill and intangible assets not yet available for use are subject to an annual impairment review. The impairment review comprises a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit with its recoverable amount. Cash-generating units are the lowest level at which management monitors the return on investment in assets. The recoverable amount is determined as the higher of fair value less costs to sell of the asset or cash generating unit and its value in use. Fair value less costs to sell is calculated by reference to the amount at which the asset could be disposed of in an arm's length transaction evidenced by an active market or recent transactions for similar assets. Value in use is calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows obtainable as a result of the asset's continued use, including those resulting from its ultimate disposal, at a market-based discount rate on a pre-tax basis. For intangible assets not yet available for use, the impairment review takes into account the cash flows required to bring the asset into use. The carrying values of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are written down by the amount of any impairment and this loss is recognised in the income statement in the period in which it occurs. A previously recognised impairment loss may be reversed in part or in full when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist and there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset will only be increased up to the amount that it would have been had the original impairment not been recognised. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. 15 Impairment of financial assets It is Group policy to make provisions for impairment of financial assets to reflect the losses inherent in those assets at the reporting date. Impairment The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a portfolio of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or portfolio of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more loss events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and on or before the reporting date (‘a loss event’), and that loss event or events has had an impact such that the estimated present value of future cash flows is less than the current carrying value of the financial asset, or portfolio of financial assets. Objective evidence that a financial asset or a portfolio of financial assets is impaired includes observable data that comes to the attention of the Group about the following loss events: significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor; a) b) a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; c) the granting to the borrower of a concession, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty that the Group would not otherwise consider; it becomes probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties; or d) e) f) observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a portfolio of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the portfolio, including: i. ii. national or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on the assets in the portfolio. adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers in the portfolio; Incurred but not reported The Group first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, and individually or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant (i.e. individually insignificant). If the Group determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and includes these performing assets under the collective incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) assessment. An IBNR impairment provision represents an interim step pending the identification of impairment losses on an individual asset in a group of financial assets. As soon as information is available that specifically identifies losses on individually impaired assets in a group, those assets are removed from the group.Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is, or continues to be, recognised are not included in a collective assessment of impairment. 238 15 Impairment of financial assets (continued) Collective evaluation of impairment For the purpose of collective evaluation of impairment (individually insignificant impaired assets and IBNR), financial assets are grouped on the basis of similar risk characteristics. These characteristics are relevant to the estimation of future cash flows for groups of such assets by being indicative of the counterparty’s ability to pay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the assets being evaluated. Future cash flows in a group of financial assets that are collectively evaluated for impairment are estimated on the basis of the contractual cash flows of the assets in the group and historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics similar to those in the group. Historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of current observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the period on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not currently exist. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience. Impairment loss For loans and receivables and assets held to maturity, the amount of impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The amount of the loss is recognised using an allowance account and is included in the income statement. Following impairment, interest income is recognised using the original effective rate of interest which was used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss. If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed by adjusting the allowance account. The amount of the reversal is recognised in the income statement. When a loan has been subjected to a specific provision and the prospects of recovery do not improve, a time will come when it may be concluded that there is no real prospect of recovery. When this point is reached, the amount of the loan which is considered to be beyond the prospect of recovery is written off against the related provision for loan impairment. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off decrease the amount of the provision for loan impairment in the income statement. Assets acquired in exchange for loans and receivables in order to achieve an orderly realisation are accounted for as a disposal of the loan and an acquisition of an asset. Any further impairment of the assets or business acquired is treated as an impairment of the relevant asset and not as an impairment of the original instrument. Collateralised financial assets The calculation of the present value of the estimated future cash flows of a collateralised financial asset reflects the cash flows that may result from foreclosure, costs for obtaining and settling the collateral, and whether or not foreclosure is probable. Past due loans When a borrower fails to make a contractually due payment, a loan is deemed to be past due. ‘Past due days’ is a term used to describe the cumulative numbers of days that a missed payment is overdue. Past due days commence from the close of business on the day on which a payment is due but not received. In the case of overdrafts, past due days are counted once a borrower: - has breached an advised limit; - has been advised of a limit lower than the then current outstandings; or - has drawn credit without authorisation. When a borrower is past due, the entire exposure is reported as past due, rather than the amount of any excess or arrears. 239 Accounting policies (continued) 15 Impairment of financial assets (continued) Financial investments available for sale In the case of equity securities classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered in determining whether impairment exists. Where such evidence exists, the cumulative net loss that had previously been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the income statement as a reclassification adjustment. Reversals of impairment of equity securities are not recognised in the income statement and increases in the fair value of equity securities after impairment are recognised in other comprehensive income. In the case of debt securities classified as available for sale, impairment is assessed on the same criteria as for all other financial assets. Impairment is recognised by transferring the cumulative loss that has been recognised directly in other comprehensive income to the income statement. Any subsequent increase in the fair value of an available for sale debt security is included in other comprehensive income unless the increase in fair value can be objectively related to an event that occurred after the impairment was recognised in the income statement, in which case the impairment loss or part thereof is reversed. 16 Determination of fair value of financial instruments The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. Financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, and, with the exception of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, the initial fair value includes direct and incremental transaction costs. Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value, generally being their issue proceeds (fair value of consideration received) net of transaction costs incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the methods used to determine the fair value of financial instruments include quoted prices in active markets where those prices are considered to represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis. Where quoted prices are not available or are unreliable because of market inactivity, fair values are determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques which use, to the extent possible, observable market data, include the use of recent arm’s length transactions, reference to other similar instruments, option pricing models and discounted cash flow analysis and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants. Quoted prices in active markets Quoted market prices are used where those prices are considered to represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis, in active markets. Valuations for negotiable instruments such as debt and equity securities are determined using bid prices for asset positions and offer prices for liability positions. Where securities are traded on an exchange, the fair value is based on prices from the exchange. The market for debt securities largely operates on an ‘over the counter’ basis which means that there is not an official clearing or exchange price for these security instruments. Therefore, market makers and/or investment banks (‘contributors’) publish bid and offer levels which reflect an indicative price that they are prepared to buy and sell a particular security. The Group’s valuation policy requires that the prices used in determining the fair value of securities quoted in active markets must be sourced from established market makers and/or investment banks. Valuation techniques In the absence of quoted market prices, or in the case of over-the-counter derivatives, fair value is calculated using valuation techniques. Fair value may be estimated using quoted market prices for similar instruments, adjusted for differences between the quoted instrument and the instrument being valued. Where the fair value is calculated using discounted cash flow analysis, the methodology is to use, to the extent possible, market data that is either directly observable or is implied from instrument prices, such as interest rate yield curves, equities and commodities prices, credit spreads, option volatilities and currency rates. In addition, the Group considers the impact of own credit risk when valuing its derivative liabilities. The methodology is to calculate the expected cash flows under the terms of each specific contract and then discount these values back to a present value. The assumptions involved in these valuation techniques include:- - The likelihood and expected timing of future cash flows of the instrument. These cash flows are generally governed by the terms of the instrument, although management judgement may be required when the ability of the counterparty to service the instrument in accordance with the contractual terms is in doubt. In addition, future cash flows may also be sensitive to the occurrence of future events, including changes in market rates; and - Selecting an appropriate discount rate for the instrument, based on the interest rate yield curves including the determination of an appropriate spread for the instrument over the risk-free rate. The spread is adjusted to take into account the specific credit risk profile of the exposure. Certain financial instruments (both assets and liabilities) may be valued on the basis of valuation techniques that feature one or more 240 16 Determination of fair value of financial instruments (continued) significant market inputs that are not observable. When applying a valuation technique with unobservable data, estimates are made to reflect uncertainties in fair values resulting from a lack of market data, for example, as a result of illiquidity in the market. For these instruments, the fair value measurement is less reliable. Inputs into valuations based on non-observable data are inherently uncertain because there are little or no current market data available from which to determine the level at which an arm’s length transaction would occur under normal business conditions. However, in most cases there is some market data available on which to base a determination of fair value, for example historical data, and the fair values of most financial instruments will be based on some market observable inputs even where the non-observable inputs are significant. The Group tests the outputs of the model to ensure that it reflects current market conditions. The calculation of fair value for any financial instrument may require adjustment of the quoted price or the valuation technique output to reflect the cost of credit risk, the liquidity of the market, and hedging costs where these are not embedded in underlying valuation techniques or prices used. The choice of contributors, the quality of market data used for pricing, and the valuation techniques used are all subject to internal review and approval procedures. 17 Valuation of NAMA senior bonds NAMA senior bonds were received as consideration for financial assets transferred to NAMA and also as part of the ‘Anglo’ and ‘EBS’ transactions (notes 23 and 24 to the financial statements). These bonds are designated as loans and receivables and are separately disclosed in the statement of financial position as ‘NAMA senior bonds’. The bases for measurement, interest recognition and impairment are the same as those for loans and receivables (see accounting policy numbers, 6, 15 and 18). At initial recognition, the bonds were measured at fair value. The bonds carry a guarantee of the Irish Government, however, they are not marketable instruments. The only secondary market activity in the instruments is their sale and repurchase (“repo”) to the European Central Bank (“ECB”) within the regular Eurosystem open market operations. The bonds are not traded in the market and there are no comparable bonds trading in the market. The fair value on initial recognition was determined using a valuation technique. The absence of quoted prices in an active market required increased use of management judgement in the estimation of fair value. This judgement included but was not limited to: evaluating available market information; evaluating relevant features of the instruments which market participants would factor into an appropriate valuation technique; determining the cash flows generated by the instruments including cash flows from assumed repo transactions; identifying a risk free discount rate; and applying an appropriate credit spread. 18 Financial assets The Group classifies its financial assets into the following categories: - financial assets at fair value through profit or loss; loans and receivables; held to maturity investments; and available for sale financial assets. Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade date, being the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the assets. Loans are recognised when cash is advanced to the borrowers. Interest is calculated using the effective interest method and credited to the income statement. Dividends on available for sale equity securities are recognised in the income statement when the entity’s right to receive payment is established. Impairment losses and translation differences on the amortised cost of monetary items are recognised in the income statement. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or when the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss This category can have two sub categories: - Financial assets held for trading; and those designated at fair value through profit or loss at inception. A financial asset is classified in this category if it is acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short- term profit taking; or if it is so designated at initial recognition by management, subject to certain criteria. The assets are recognised initially at fair value and transaction costs are taken directly to the income statement. Interest and dividends on assets within this category are reported in interest income, and dividend income, respectively. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included directly in the income statement within net trading income. Derivatives are also classified in this category unless they have been designated as hedges or qualify as financial guarantee contracts. Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market and which are not classified as available for sale. They arise when the Group provides money or services directly to a customer with no intention of trading the loan. Loans and receivables are initially recognised at fair value including direct and incremental transaction costs and are subsequently carried on an amortised cost basis. 241 Accounting policies (continued) 18 Financial assets (continued) Held to maturity Held to maturity investments are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that the Group’s management has the intention and ability to hold to maturity. If the Group was to sell other than an insignificant amount of held to maturity assets, the remainder would be required to be reclassified as available for sale. Held to maturity investments are initially recognised at fair value including direct and incremental transaction costs and are carried on an amortised cost basis using the effective interest method. Any available for sale financial investments reclassified into the held to maturity category are transferred at fair value and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Unrealised gains or losses held in equity in respect of such reclassified assets are amortised to the income statement using the effective interest rate method. Available for sale Available for sale financial assets are non-derivative financial investments that are designated as available for sale and are not categorised into any of the other categories described above. Available for sale financial assets are those intended to be held for an indefinite period of time, which may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or changes in interest rates, exchange rates or equity prices. Available for sale financial assets are initially recognised at fair value including direct and incremental transaction costs. They are subsequently held at fair value. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included in other comprehensive income until sale or impairment when the cumulative gain or loss is transferred to the income statement as a recycling adjustment. Assets reclassified from the held for trading category are recognised at fair value. Parent Company financial statements: Investment in subsidiary and associated undertakings The Company accounts for investments in subsidiary and associated undertakings that are not classified as held for sale at cost less provisions for impairment. If the investment is classified as held for sale, the Company accounts for it at the lower of its carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Dividends from a subsidiary or an associated undertaking are recognised in the income statement, when the Company’s right to receive the dividend is established. Reclassification of financial assets In October 2008, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, and IFRS 7 - Financial Instruments: Disclosures, titled ‘Reclassification of Financial Assets’. These amendments permit an entity to reclassify certain non-derivative financial assets (other than those designated at fair value through profit or loss at initial recognition) out of the fair value through profit or loss category. AIB implemented these amendments which were effective from 1 July 2008. The impact of the reclassifications is set out in note 27. 19 Financial liabilities Issued financial instruments or their components are classified as liabilities where the substance of the contractual arrangement results in the Group having a present obligation to either deliver cash or another financial asset to the holder, to exchange financial instruments on terms that are potentially unfavourable or to satisfy the obligation otherwise than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of equity shares. Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value, being their issue proceeds (fair value of consideration received) net of transaction costs incurred. Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost, with any difference between the proceeds net of transaction costs and the redemption value recognised in the income statement using the effective interest method. Where financial liabilities are classified as trading they are also initially recognised at fair value and the related transaction costs are taken directly to the income statement. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are recognised directly in the income statement within net trading income. Preference shares which carry a mandatory coupon, are classified as financial liabilities. The dividends on these preference shares are recognised in the income statement as interest expense using the effective interest method. The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. Any gain or loss on the extinguishment or remeasurement of a financial liability is recognised in profit or loss. 242 20 Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, or deemed cost, less accumulated depreciation and provisions for impairment, if any. Additions and subsequent expenditures are capitalised only to the extent that they enhance the future economic benefits expected to be derived from the asset. No depreciation is provided on freehold land. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight line basis over their estimated useful economic lives. Depreciation is calculated based on the gross carrying amount, less the estimated residual value at the end of the assets’ economic life. The Group uses the following useful lives when calculating depreciation: Freehold buildings and long-leasehold property Short leasehold property Costs of adaptation of freehold and leasehold property 50 years life of lease, up to 50 years Branch properties Office properties Computers and similar equipment Fixtures and fittings and other equipment up to 10 years(1) up to 15 years(1) 3 – 7 years 5 – 10 years The Group reviews its depreciation rates regularly, at least annually, to take account of any change in circumstances. When deciding on useful lives and methods, the principal factors that the Group takes into account are the expected rate of technological developments and expected market requirements for, and the expected pattern of usage of, the assets. When reviewing residual values, the Group estimates the amount that it would currently obtain for the disposal of the asset, after deducting the estimated cost of disposal if the asset were already of the age and condition expected at the end of its useful life. Gains and losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment are included in the income statement. It is Group policy not to revalue its property, plant and equipment. (1)Subject to the maximum remaining life of the lease. 21 Intangible assets Goodwill Goodwill may arise on the acquisition of subsidiary and associated undertakings. The excess arising on the fair value of the consideration paid in a business combination over the acquired interests in the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of acquisition is capitalised as goodwill. For the purpose of calculating goodwill, fair values of acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are determined by reference to market values or by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. This discounting is performed either using market rates or by using risk-free rates and risk adjusted expected future cash flows. Goodwill is capitalised and reviewed annually for impairment, or more frequently when there are indications that impairment may have occurred. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of an associated undertaking is included in the carrying amount of the investment in the consolidated financial statements. Gains or losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of the goodwill relating to the entity sold. Goodwill previously written off to reserves under Irish GAAP has not been reinstated and will not be included in calculating any subsequent profit or loss on disposal. Computer software and other intangible assets Computer software and other intangible assets are stated at cost, less amortisation on a straight line basis and provisions for impairment, if any. The identifiable and directly associated external and internal costs of acquiring and developing software are capitalised where the software is controlled by the Group, and where it is probable that future economic benefits that exceed its cost will flow from its use over more than one year. Costs associated with maintaining software are recognised as an expense when incurred. Capitalised computer software is amortised over 3 to 7 years. Other intangible assets are amortised over the life of the asset. Computer software and other intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Intangible assets not yet available for use are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis. 243 Accounting policies (continued) 22 Derivatives and hedge accounting Derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, options and forward rate agreements, currency swaps and options, and equity index options are used for trading purposes while interest rate swaps, currency swaps, cross currency interest rate swaps and credit derivatives are used for hedging purposes. The Group maintains trading positions in a variety of financial instruments including derivatives. Trading transactions arise both as a result of activity generated by customers and from proprietary trading with a view to generating incremental income. Non-trading derivative transactions comprise transactions held for hedging purposes as part of the Group’s risk management strategy against assets, liabilities, positions and cash flows. Derivatives Derivatives are measured initially at fair value on the date on which the derivative contract is entered into and subsequently remeasured at fair value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices in active markets, including recent market transactions, and from valuation techniques using discounted cash flow models and option pricing models as appropriate. Derivatives are included in assets when their fair value is positive, and in liabilities when their fair value is negative, unless there is the legal ability and intention to settle an asset and liability on a net basis. The best evidence of the fair value of a derivative at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e. without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets. Profits or losses are only recognised on initial recognition of derivatives when there are observable current market transactions or valuation techniques that are based on observable market inputs. Embedded derivatives Some hybrid contracts contain both a derivative and a non-derivative component. In such cases, the derivative component is termed an embedded derivative. Where the economic characteristics and risks of embedded derivatives are not closely related to those of the host contract, and the hybrid contract itself is not carried at fair value through profit or loss, the embedded derivative is treated as a separate derivative, and reported at fair value with gains and losses being recognised in the income statement. Hedging All derivatives are carried at fair value and the accounting treatment of the resulting fair value gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. Where derivatives are held for risk management purposes, and where transactions meet the criteria specified in IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, the Group designates certain derivatives as either: (1) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or firm commitments (‘fair value hedge’); or (2) hedges of the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability, or a highly probable forecasted transaction (‘cash flow hedge’); or (3) hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation. When a financial instrument is designated as a hedge, the Group formally documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item as well as its risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking the various hedging transactions. The Group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. The Group discontinues hedge accounting when: a) it is determined that a derivative is not, or has ceased to be, highly effective as a hedge; b) the derivative expires, or is sold, terminated, or exercised; c) the hedged item matures or is sold or repaid; or d) a forecast transaction is no longer deemed highly probable. To the extent that the changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative differ from changes in the fair value of the hedged risk in the hedged item; or the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedging derivative differs from the cumulative change in the fair value of expected future cash flows of the hedged item, ineffectiveness arises. The amount of ineffectiveness, (taking into account the timing of the expected cash flows, where relevant) provided it is not so great as to disqualify the entire hedge for hedge accounting, is recorded in the income statement. In certain circumstances, the Group may decide to cease hedge accounting even though the hedge relationship continues to be highly effective by no longer designating the financial instrument as a hedge. 244 22 Derivatives and hedge accounting (continued) Fair value hedge accounting Changes in fair value of derivatives that qualify and are designated as fair value hedges are recorded in the income statement, together with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the fair value hedging adjustment cumulatively made to the carrying value of the hedged item is, for items carried at amortised cost, amortised over the period to maturity of the previously designated hedge relationship using the effective interest method. For available for sale financial assets, the fair value adjustment for hedged items is recognised in the income statement using the effective interest method. If the hedged item is sold or repaid, the unamortised fair value adjustment is recognised immediately in the income statement. Cash flow hedge accounting The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is initially recognised directly in other comprehensive income and included in the cash flow hedging reserve in the statement of changes in equity. The amount recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassed to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment in the same period as the hedged cash flows affect profit or loss, and in the same line item in the statement of comprehensive income. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in the income statement immediately. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income from the time when the hedge was effective remains in equity and is reclassified to the income statement as a reclassification adjustment as the forecast transaction affects profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was recognised in other comprehensive income from the period when the hedge was effective is reclassified from equity to the income statement. Net investment hedge Hedges of net investments in foreign operations, including monetary items that are accounted for as part of the net investment, are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognised in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the income statement on the disposal or partial disposal of the foreign operation. Hedges of net investments may include non-derivative liabilities as well as derivative financial instruments. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting Certain derivative contracts entered into as economic hedges do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised immediately in the income statement. 245 Accounting policies (continued) 23 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations Discontinued operations A discontinued operation is a component of the Group’s business that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale, that has been disposed of, has been abandoned or that meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Discontinued operations are presented in the income statement (including comparatives) as a separate amount, comprising the total of the post tax profit or loss of the discontinued operations for the period together with any post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement of relevant assets to fair value less costs to sell, or on disposal of the assets/disposal groups constituting discontinued operations. In presenting interest income and interest expense and various expenses relating to discontinued operations, account is taken of the continuance or otherwise of these income statement items post disposal of the discontinued operation. Corporate overhead, which was previously allocated to the business being disposed of, is considered to be part of continuing operations. In the statement of financial position, the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations are shown within the caption ‘Disposal groups and non-current assets/(liabilities) held for sale’ separate from other assets and liabilities. On reclassification as discontinued operations, there is no restatement of prior periods for assets and liabilities. Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale A non-current asset or a disposal group comprising assets and liabilities is classified as held for sale if it is expected that its carrying amount will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use, it is available for immediate sale and sale is highly probable within one year. For the sale to be highly probable, the appropriate level of management must be committed to a plan to sell the asset or disposal group. On initial classification as held for sale, generally, non-current assets and disposal groups are measured at the lower of previous carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell with any adjustments taken to the income statement. The same applies to gains and losses on subsequent remeasurement. However, financial assets within the scope of IAS 39 continue to be measured in accordance with that standard. Impairment losses subsequent to classification of assets as held for sale are recognised in the income statement. Increases in fair value less costs to sell of assets that have been classified as held for sale are recognised in the income statement to the extent that the increase is not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised in respect of the asset. Assets classified as held for sale are not depreciated. Gains and losses on remeasurement and impairment losses subsequent to classification as disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale are shown within continuing operations in the income statement, unless they qualify as discontinued operations. Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale which are not classified as discontinued operations are presented separately from other assets and liabilities on the statement of financial position. Prior periods are not reclassified. 24 Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Assets that the Group believe will be transferred to NAMA are classified as financial assets held for sale to NAMA in the statement of financial position. These assets are measured on the same basis as prior to their classification as held for sale (see accounting policy number 18). Interest income and fee income for such assets are recognised on the same basis as for loans and receivables and will be recognised up to the date of derecognition (see accounting policy number 15). The impairment policy for loans and receivables as set out in accounting policy number 15 continues to apply. However, where the transfer of loans to NAMA is deemed to be unavoidable and the discount pertaining to the transfer has been practically accepted by the Group, a provision is made for a constructive obligation and reported as ‘provision for liabilities and commitments’ in both the income statement and the statement of financial position. Additionally, where the Group is retained to service the assets following their transfer to NAMA, a provision is made for a servicing liability where the projected cost of servicing the assets is greater than the expected consideration to be received from NAMA. Any such servicing provision would form part of the loss on transfer. Derecognition takes place on a date specified by NAMA for the legal transfer of the assets which is also the date on which the risks and rewards inherent in these assets transfer. The consideration received is measured at fair value. The difference between the carrying value at the date of derecognition less any amount previously provided where the Group considered that it had a constructive obligation to sell and less the servicing provision and consideration received is recognised in the income statement as a gain or loss in other operating income. 246 25 Collateral and netting The Group enters into master netting agreements with counterparties, to ensure that if an event of default occurs, all amounts outstanding with those counterparties will be settled on a net basis. Collateral The Group obtains collateral in respect of customer liabilities where this is considered appropriate. The collateral normally takes the form of a lien over the customer’s assets and gives the Group a claim on these assets for both existing and future liabilities. The collateral is, in general, not recorded on the statement of financial position. The Group also receives collateral in the form of cash or securities in respect of other credit instruments, such as stock borrowing contracts and derivative contracts in order to reduce credit risk. Collateral received in the form of securities is not recorded on the statement of financial position. Collateral received in the form of cash is recorded on the statement of financial position with a corresponding liability. These items are assigned to deposits received from banks or other counterparties in the case of cash collateral received. Any interest payable or receivable arising is recorded as interest expense or interest income respectively. In certain circumstances, the Group will pledge collateral in respect of liabilities or borrowings. Collateral pledged in the form of securities or loans and receivables continues to be recorded on the statement of financial position. Collateral paid away in the form of cash is recorded in loans and receivables to banks or customers. Any interest payable or receivable arising is recorded as interest expense or interest income respectively. Netting Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position if, and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. This is not generally the case with master netting agreements where the related assets and liabilities are presented gross on the statement of financial position. 26 Financial guarantees Financial guarantees are given to banks, financial institutions and other bodies on behalf of customers to secure loans, overdrafts and other banking facilities (‘facility guarantees’) and to other parties in connection with the performance of customers under obligations relating to contracts, advance payments made by other parties, tenders, retentions and the payment of import duties. In its normal course of business, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (the parent company) issues financial guarantees to other Group entities. Financial guarantees are initially recognised in the financial statements at fair value on the date that the guarantee is given. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group’s liabilities under such guarantees are measured at the higher of the initial measurement, less amortisation calculated to recognise in the income statement the fee income earned over the period, and the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle any financial obligation arising as a result of the guarantees at the year-end reporting date. Any increase in the liability relating to guarantees is taken to the income statement in provisions for undrawn contractually committed facilities and guarantees. 27 Sale and repurchase agreements (including stock borrowing and lending) Financial assets may be lent or sold subject to a commitment to repurchase them (‘repos’). Such securities are retained on the statement of financial position when substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership remain with the Group. The liability to the counterparty is included separately on the statement of financial position as appropriate. Similarly, when securities are purchased subject to a commitment to resell (‘reverse repos’), or where the Group borrows securities, but does not acquire the risks and rewards of ownership, the transactions are treated as collateralised loans, and the securities are not included in the statement of financial position. The difference between the sale and repurchase price is accrued over the life of the agreements using the effective interest method. Securities lent to counterparties are also retained in the financial statements. Securities borrowed are not recognised in the financial statements unless these are sold to third parties, at which point the obligation to repurchase the securities is recorded as a trading liability at fair value and any subsequent gain or loss included in trading income. 247 Accounting policies (continued) 28 Leases Lessor Assets leased to customers are classified as finance leases if the lease agreements transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, with or without ultimate legal title. When assets are held subject to a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments, discounted at the rate of interest implicit in the lease, is recognised as a receivable. The difference between the total payments receivable under the lease and the present value of the receivable is recognised as unearned finance income, which is allocated to accounting periods under the pre-tax net investment method to reflect a constant periodic rate of return. Assets leased to customers are classified as operating leases if the lease agreements do not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. The leased assets are included within property, plant and equipment on the statement of financial position and depreciation is provided on the depreciable amount of these assets on a systematic basis over their estimated useful lives. Lease income is recognised on a straight line basis over the period of the lease unless another systematic basis is more appropriate. Lessee Operating lease rentals payable are recognised as an expense in the income statement on a straight line basis over the lease term unless another systematic basis is more appropriate. 29 Shareholders’ equity Issued financial instruments, or their components, are classified as equity where they meet the definition of equity and confer on the holder a residual interest in the assets of the Group. On extinguishment of equity instruments, gains or losses arising are recognised net of tax directly in the statement of changes in equity. Share capital Share capital represents funds raised by issuing shares in return for cash or other consideration. Share capital comprises ordinary shares, convertible non-voting shares and preference shares of the entity. Share premium When shares are issued at a premium whether for cash or otherwise, the excess of the amount received over the par value of the shares is transferred to share premium. Share issue costs Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are charged, net of tax, to the share premium account. Dividends and distributions Dividends on ordinary shares are recognised in equity in the period in which they are approved by the Company’s shareholders, or in the case of the interim dividend when it has been approved for payment by the Board of Directors. Dividends declared after the year-end reporting date are disclosed in note 71. Dividends on preference shares accounted for as equity and distributions on the Reserve Capital Instruments are recognised in equity when approved for payment by the Board of Directors. Other equity interests Other equity interests relate to Reserve Capital Instruments and the fair value of the warrants attaching to the 2009 Preference Shares (note 46). Any gain or loss on the extinguishment or remeasurement of the Reserve Capital Instruments is recognised in equity net of tax. Capital reserves Capital reserves represent transfers from retained earnings in accordance with relevant legislation. Revaluation reserves Revaluation reserves represent the unrealised surplus, net of tax, which arose on revaluation of properties prior to the implementation of IFRS at 1 January 2004. 248 29 Shareholders’ equity (continued) Capital redemption reserves These reserves arose from the renominalisation of the ordinary shares of the company. Each ordinary share was subdivided into one ordinary share of € 0.01 each and thirty one deferred shares of € 0.01 each. The deferred shares were acquired by AIB and immediately cancelled. Following cancellation, the amount standing to the credit of the deferred shares account was transferred to a capital redemption reserves account. Available for sale securities reserves Available for sale securities reserves represent the net unrealised gain or loss, net of tax, arising from the recognition in the statement of financial position of financial investments available for sale at fair value. Cash flow hedging reserves Cash flow hedging reserves represent the net gains or losses, net of tax, on effective cash flow hedging instruments that will be reclassified to the income statement when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss. Capital contributions Capital contributions represent the receipt of non-refundable funds arising from transactions with the Irish Government (note 56). These funds comprise both financial and non-financial net assets. The contributions are classified as equity and may be either distributable or non-distributable. Capital contributions are distributable if the assets received are in the form of cash or another asset that is readily convertible to cash, otherwise, they are treated as non-distributable. Capital contributions arose during 2011 from (a) EBS transaction; (b) Anglo transaction; (c) issue of contingent capital notes; and (d) non-refundable receipts from the Irish Government and the NPRFC. The capital contribution from the EBS transaction (note 24) is treated as non-distributable as the related net assets received are largely non-cash in nature. In the case of the Anglo transaction (note 23) the excess of the assets over the liabilities comprised of NAMA senior bonds. On initial recognition, this excess was accounted for as a non-distributable capital contribution. However, according as NAMA repays these bonds, the proceeds received will be deemed to be distributable and the relevant amount will be transferred from the capital contribution account to revenue reserves. AIB issued contingent convertible capital notes to the Irish Government (note 45) where the proceeds of issue amounting to €1.6 billion exceeded the fair value of the instruments issued. This excess has been accounted for as a capital contribution and will be treated as distributable according as the fair value adjustment on the notes amortises to the income statement. The non-refundable receipts of € 6,054 million from the Irish Government and the NPRFC are distributable. These are included in revenue reserves. Revenue reserves Revenue reserves represent retained earnings of the parent company, subsidiaries and associated undertakings. It is shown net of the cumulative deficit within the defined benefit pension schemes and other appropriate adjustments. Foreign currency translation reserves The foreign currency translation reserves represent the cumulative gains and losses on the retranslation of the Group’s net investment in foreign operations, at the rate of exchange at the year-end reporting date net of the cumulative gain or loss on instruments designated as net investment hedges. Treasury shares Where the Company or other members of the consolidated Group purchase the Company’s equity share capital, the consideration paid is deducted from total shareholders’ equity as treasury shares until they are cancelled. Where such shares are subsequently sold or re-issued, any consideration received is included in shareholders’ equity. Share based payments reserves The share based payment expense charged to the income statement is credited to the share based payment reserve over the vesting period of the shares and options. Upon grant of shares and exercise and lapsing of options, the amount in respect of the award credited to the share based payment reserves is transferred to revenue reserves. Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests comprise both equity and other equity interests. Equity interests relate to the interests of outside shareholders in consolidated subsidiaries. Other equity interests relate to non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities issued by a subsidiary. 249 Accounting policies (continued) 30 Insurance and investment contracts The Group accounted for its Long Term business in Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited (“ALH”) in accordance with IFRS 4 ‘Insurance Contracts’ up to the date on which it was classified as held for sale. (Accounting policy 23) Insurance contracts are those contracts containing significant insurance risk. In the case of life contracts, insurance risk exists if the amount payable on the occurrence of an insured event exceeds the assets backing the contract, or could do so in certain circumstances, and the product of the probability of the insured event occurring and the excess amount payable has commercial substance. In particular, guaranteed equity bonds which guarantee a return of the original premium irrespective of the current value of the backing assets are deemed to be insurance contracts notwithstanding that at the year-end reporting date there may be no excess of the original premium over the backing assets. Investment contracts are contracts that do not have significant insurance risk. Insurance contracts The Group accounts for its insurance contracts using the Market Consistent Embedded Value Principles (“MCEV”), published by the CFO Forum. The embedded value comprises two components: the net assets attributable to the Group and the present value of the in-force business (“VIF”). The change in the VIF before tax is accounted for as revenue. The value is estimated as the net present value of future cash flows attributable to the Group before tax, based on the market value of the assets at the year-end reporting date, using assumptions that reflect experience and a long-term outlook for the economy and then discounting at an appropriate risk free yield curve rate. Insurance contract liabilities are calculated on a statutory basis. Premiums are recognised as revenue when due from the policyholder. Claims, which together with the increase in insurance contract liabilities are recognised in the income statement as they arise, are the cost of all claims arising during the period. Investment contracts Investment contracts are primarily unit-linked. Unit linked liabilities are deemed equal to the value of units attaching to contracts at the year-end reporting date. The liability is measured at fair value, which is the bid value of the assets held to match the liability. Increases in investment contract liabilities are recognised in the income statement as they arise. Revenue in relation to investment management services is recognised as the services are provided. Certain upfront fees and charges have been deferred and are recognised as income over the life of the contract. Premiums and claims are accounted for directly in the statement of financial position as adjustments to the investment contract liability. 31 Segment reporting An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses. The Group has identified reportable segments on the basis of internal reports about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in order to allocate resources to the segment and assess its performance. Based on this identification, the reportable segments are the operating segments within the Group, the head of each being a member of the Executive Committee (“Exco’’). The Exco is the CODM and it relies primarily on the management accounts to assess performance of the reportable segments and when making resource allocation decisions. Transactions between operating segments are on normal commercial terms and conditions, with internal charges and transfer pricing adjustments reflected in the performance of each operating segment. Revenue sharing agreements are used to allocate external customer revenues to an operating segment on a reasonable basis. Interest income earned on capital not allocated to operating segments is retained in Group. Geographical segments provide products and services within a particular economic environment that is subject to risks and rewards that are different to those components operating in other economic environments. The geographical distribution of profit before taxation is based primarily on the location of the office recording the transaction. In addition, geographic distribution of loans and related impairment is also based on the location of the office recording the transaction. 32 Cash and cash equivalents For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits, and cash equivalents comprise highly liquid investments that are convertible into cash with an insignificant risk of changes in value and with original maturities of less than three months. 250 33 Prospective accounting changes The following new accounting standards and amendments to existing standards approved by the IASB in 2011 or prior years, but not early adopted by the Group, will impact the Group’s financial reporting in future periods. The Group is currently considering the impacts of these amendments.The new accounting standards and amendments which are more relevant to the Group are detailed below. The following will be applied in 2012 Amendments to IFRS 7, Disclosures – Transfers of Financial Assets In October 2010, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: “Disclosures -Transfers of Financial Assets”. These amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2011, with earlier application permitted, comprise additional disclosures on transfer transactions of financial assets (for example, securitisations), including the possible effects of any risks that may remain with the transferor of the assets. The impact of these amendments is currently being assessed by the Group. The following will be applied in 2013 unless otherwise noted: Amendments to IAS 1 - Presentation of Items in Other Comprehensive Income The amendments to IAS 1 were issued in June 2011 and are applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2012. These amendments require companies preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRSs to group together items within other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to the profit or loss section of the income statement. The amendments also reaffirm existing requirements that items in other comprehensive income and profit or loss should be presented as either a single statement or two consecutive statements. Consolidation Standards In May 2011, the IASB published a set of five standards dealing with consolidation, joint ventures and their related disclosures. Each of the five standards is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, with retrospective application required. IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements IFRS 10 replaces the consolidation guidance in IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC-12 Consolidation - Special Purpose Entities by introducing a single consolidation model for all entities based on control, irrespective of the nature of the investee. IFRS 10 builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. This new standard will not change consolidation procedures for the Group, but will require management to assess whether an entity should be consolidated. IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements IFRS 11 introduces new accounting requirements for joint arrangements, replacing IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures, by focusing on the rights and obligations of the arrangement, rather than its legal form. The option to apply the proportional consolidation method when accounting for jointly controlled entities is removed. The impact on the Group will be dependent on the formation of new joint arrangements by the Group. IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities IFRS 12 sets out the required disclosures for entities reporting under the two new standards, IFRS 10 ‘Consolidated financial statements’ and IFRS 11 ‘Joint arrangements’; it also replaces the disclosure requirements currently found in IAS 28 ‘Investments in Associates’. The required disclosures aim to provide information to enable users to evaluate the nature of, and risks associated with, an entity’s interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on the entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This basic principle is further supported by more detailed disclosure objectives and requirements. This new standard will result in enhanced disclosures on the Group’s subsidiaries and associates as well as unconsolidated structured entities. IAS 27 Separate Financial Statements (revised 2011) The requirements relating to separate financial statements are unchanged and are included in the amended IAS 27. The other sections of IAS 27 are replaced by IFRS 10. IAS 27 is renamed ‘Separate financial statements’ and is now a standard dealing solely with separate financial statements. The existing guidance and disclosure requirements for separate financial statements are unchanged. IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (revised 2011) This standard prescribes the accounting for investments in associates and sets out the requirements for the application of the equity method when accounting for investments in associates and joint ventures. IAS 28 (revised 2011) does not include any disclosure requirements; these are now included in IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities. 251 Accounting policies (continued) 33 Prospective accounting changes (continued) IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement This standard, which applies prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013, establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurements under IFRSs. IFRS 13 defines fair value, provides guidance on its determination and introduces consistent requirements for disclosures on fair value measurements. IFRS 13 requires entities to disclose information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value, as well as information about the uncertainty inherent in fair value measurements. This information will be required for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The impact of the standard is being assessed by AIB and may result in significant additional disclosures. IAS 19 Employee Benefits Amendments to IAS 19 Employee Benefits were published by the IASB in June 2011 and are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 with retrospective application required. These amendments result in significant changes to accounting for defined benefit pension plans. There are also a number of other changes, including modification to the timing of recognition for termination benefits, the classification of short-term employee benefits and disclosures of defined benefit plans. The accounting options available under current IAS 19 have been eliminated which will result in increased comparability between the financial statements of IFRS reporters. The most significant amendment is the requirement that actuarial gains and losses are now required to be recognised in other comprehensive income and are excluded permanently from profit or loss. In the past, there was an option to defer recognition of gains and losses. In addition, expected returns on plan assets will no longer be recognised in profit or loss. The expected return and the interest cost are replaced by recording net interest in profit or loss, net interest is calculated using the discount rate used to measure the pension obligation. Unvested past service costs can no longer be deferred and recognised over the future vesting period. Instead, all past service costs will be recognised at the earlier of when the amendment/curtailment occurs and when the entity recognises related restructuring or termination costs. Since AIB already recognises full actuarial gains and losses immediately, the removal of the option to defer will not impact its financial statements. Other aspects of the amendments are currently being assessed but are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s profit or loss. Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Amendments to IAS 32, and Disclosures – Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Amendments to IFRS 7 In December 2011, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 32 and IFRS 7 which clarify the accounting requirements for offsetting financial instruments and introduce new disclosure requirements that aim to improve the comparability of financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS and US GAAP. The amendments to IFRS 7 will require more extensive disclosures than are currently required. The disclosures focus on quantitative information about recognised financial instruments that are offset in the statement of financial position, as well as those recognised financial instruments that are subject to master netting or similar arrangements, irrespective of whether they are offset. The amended offsetting disclosures are to be retrospectively applied, with an effective date of annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The amendments to IAS 32 clarify that the right of set-off must be currently available and legally enforceable for all counterparties in the normal course of business, as well as in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy. The IAS 32 changes are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2014 and apply retrospectively. The following will be applied in 2015 if EU endorsed: IFRS 9 Financial instruments In 2009, the IASB commenced the implementation of its project plan for the replacement of IAS 39. This consists of three main phases: Phase 1: Classification and measurement In November 2009, the IASB issued IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, covering classification and measurement of financial assets, as the first part of its project to replace IAS 39 and simplify the accounting for financial instruments. The new standard endeavours to enhance the ability of investors and other users of financial information to understand the accounting for financial assets and to reduce complexity. IFRS 9 uses a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortised cost or fair value, replacing the many different rules in IAS 39. The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments (its business model) and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. 252 33 Prospective accounting changes (continued) In October 2010, the IASB reissued IFRS 9 incorporating new requirements on accounting for financial liabilities, and carrying over from IAS 39 the requirements for derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 does not change the basic accounting model for financial liabilities under IAS 39.Two measurement categories continue to exist: fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) and amortised cost. Financial liabilities held for trading are measured at FVTPL, and all other financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost unless the fair value option is applied. IFRS 9 requires gains and losses on financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss to be split into the amount of change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability, which should be presented in other comprehensive income, and the remaining amount of change in the fair value of the liability which should be presented in profit or loss. - The basic premise for the derecognition model in IFRS 9 (carried over from IAS 39) is to determine whether the asset under consideration for derecognition is: - an asset in its entirety; or - specifically identified cash flows from an asset (or a group of similar financial assets); or - a fully proportionate (pro rata) share of the cash flows from an asset (or a group of similar financial assets); or - a fully proportionate (pro rata) share of specifically identified cash flows from a financial asset (or a group of similar financial assets). - A financial liability should be removed from the statement of financial position when, and only when, it is extinguished, that is, when the obligation specified in the contract is either discharged or cancelled or expires. - All derivatives, including those linked to unquoted equity investments, are measured at fair value. Value changes are recognised in profit or loss unless the entity has elected to treat the derivative as a hedging instrument in accordance with IAS 39, in which case the requirements of IAS 39 apply. Phase 2: Impairment methodology An exposure draft issued by the IASB in November 2009 proposes an ‘expected loss model’ for impairment. Under this model, expected losses are recognised throughout the life of a loan or other financial asset measured at amortised cost, not just after a loss event has been identified. The expected loss model avoids what many see as a mismatch under the incurred loss model – front-loading of interest revenue (which includes an amount to cover the lender’s expected loan loss) while the impairment loss is recognised only after a loss event occurs. The impairment phase of IFRS 9 is subject to on-going deliberations and has not yet been finalised. Phase 3: Hedge accounting In December 2010, the IASB issued an exposure draft on hedge accounting which will ultimately be incorporated into IFRS 9. The exposure draft proposes a model for hedge accounting that aims to align accounting with risk management activities. It is proposed that the financial statements will reflect the effect of an entity’s risk management activities that uses financial instruments to manage exposures arising from particular risks that could affect profit or loss. This aims to convey the context of hedge instruments to allow insight into their purpose and effect. This phase of IFRS 9 is not yet finalised. The effective date for implementation of IFRS 9 is annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015, which was extended from 1 January 2013 due to delays in completing phases 2 and 3 of the project as well as the delay in the insurance project. Since significant aspects of the standard have yet to be finalised, it is impracticable for the Group to quantify the impact of IFRS 9 at this stage. 253 Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2011 Continuing operations Interest and similar income Interest expense and similar charges Net interest income Dividend income Fee and commission income Fee and commission expense Net trading loss Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA Other operating (loss)/income Other income/(loss) Total operating income/(loss) Administrative expenses Impairment and amortisation of intangible assets Depreciation of property, plant and equipment Total operating expenses Operating profit/(loss) before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (Writeback)/charge of provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Operating loss Associated undertakings (Loss)/profit on disposal of property Construction contract income Profit/(loss) on disposal of businesses Loss before taxation from continuing operations Income tax income from continuing operations Loss after taxation from continuing operations Discontinued operations Profit/(loss) after taxation from discontinued operations Loss for the year Attributable to: Owners of the parent: Loss from continuing operations Profit/(loss) from discontinued operations Loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent Non-controlling interests: Profit from continuing operations Profit from discontinued operations Profit for the year attributable to non-controlling interests Basic (loss)/earnings per share Continuing operations Discontinued operations Diluted (loss)/earnings per share Continuing operations Discontinued operations Notes 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 37 38 32 44 13 35 14 15 17 18 19 20(a) 20(a) 20(b) 20(b) 2011 € m 4,429 3,079 1,350 4 470 (29) (113) 3,277 (364) (255) 2,990 4,340 1,605 66 49 1,720 2,620 7,861 (416) 283 (5,108) (37) (1) - 38 (5,108) (1,188) (3,920) 1,628 (2,292) (3,920) 1,608 (2,312) - 20 20 2010 € m 4,609 2,765 1,844 1 585 (88) (201) 372 (5,969) 99 (5,201) (3,357) 1,469 126 54 1,649 (5,006) 6,015 1,029 74 (12,124) 18 46 - (11) (12,071) (1,710) (10,361) 199 (10,162) (10,361) 129 (10,232) - 70 70 2009 € m 5,854 2,982 2,872 4 636 (184) (40) 623 - 195 1,234 4,106 1,395 69 58 1,522 2,584 5,242 1 24 (2,683) (3) 23 1 - (2,662) (373) (2,289) (45) (2,334) (2,309) (104) (2,413) 20 59 79 (2,292) (10,162) (2,334) (1.6c) 0.7c (0.9c) (1.6c) 0.7c (0.9c) (571.1c) 7.1c (564.0c) (571.1c) 7.1c (564.0c) (203.5c) (11.7c) (215.2c) (203.5c) (11.7c) (215.2c) David Hodgkinson, Chairman; David Duffy, Chief Executive Officer; Catherine Woods, Director; David O’Callaghan, Company Secretary. 254  Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2011 Loss for the year Other comprehensive income Continuing operations Net change in foreign currency translation reserves Net change in cash flow hedges, net of tax Net change in fair value of available for sale securities, net of tax Net actuarial (losses)/gains in retirement benefit schemes, net of tax Share of other comprehensive income of associates, net of tax Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax, from continuing operations Discontinued operations Net change in foreign currency translation reserves Net change in cash flow hedges, net of tax Net change in fair value of available for sale securities, net of tax Share of other comprehensive income of associates, net of tax Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax, from discontinued operations Total other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Notes 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m (2,292) (10,162) (2,334) 47 47 47 12 47 47 47 (11) (209) 112 (464) 4 89 (41) (813) 1 (13) (568) (777) (134) 1 (74) - (207) (775) 50 - 3 218 271 (506) 127 (65) 219 174 - 455 31 4 19 (40) 14 469 Total comprehensive income for the year (3,067) (10,668) (1,865) Attributable to: Owners of the parent: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Non-controlling interests: Continuing operations Discontinued operations (4,488) 1,409 (3,079) (11,138) 385 (10,753) - 12 12 - 85 85 (1,854) (113) (1,967) 20 82 102 Total comprehensive income for the year (3,067) (10,668) (1,865) David Hodgkinson, Chairman; David Duffy, Chief Executive Officer; Catherine Woods, Director; David O’Callaghan, Company Secretary. 255 Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2011 Assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Interests in associated undertakings Intangible assets and goodwill Property, plant and equipment Other assets Current taxation Deferred taxation Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks(1) Customer accounts Disposal groups held for sale Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Current taxation Other liabilities Accruals and deferred income Retirement benefit liabilities Provisions for liabilities and commitments Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity Share capital Share premium Other equity interests Reserves Shareholders’ equity Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries Total shareholders’ equity including non-controlling interests Notes 60 25 26 27 28 29 30 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 26 28 42 43 12 44 45 46 46 49 53 2011 € m 2,934 202 - 1,422 56 3,046 5,718 82,540 19,856 15,389 50 176 360 491 49 3,692 670 2010 € m 3,686 273 1,937 13,911 33 3,315 2,943 86,350 7,869 20,825 283 193 348 264 30 2,384 578 136,651 145,222 36,890 60,674 3 3,843 15,654 1 1,534 1,103 763 514 1,209 49,869 52,389 11,548 3,020 15,664 21 1,499 991 400 1,141 4,331 122,188 140,873 5,170 4,926 - 4,367 14,463 - 14,463 3,965 5,089 239 (5,634) 3,659 690 4,349 Total liabilities, shareholders’ equity and non-controlling interests 136,651 145,222 (1)This includes € 31,133 million of Central Banks borrowings (2010: € 38,616 million). David Hodgkinson, Chairman; David Duffy, Chief Executive Officer; Catherine Woods, Director; David O’Callaghan, Company Secretary. 256  Statement of financial position of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. as at 31 December 2011 Assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Interests in associated undertakings Investments in Group undertakings Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Other assets Current taxation Deferred taxation Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks(1) Customer accounts Disposal groups held for sale Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Current taxation Other liabilities Accruals and deferred income Retirement benefit liabilities Provisions for liabilities and commitments Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity Share capital Share premium Other equity interests Reserves Shareholders’ equity Notes 60 25 26 27 28 29 30 33 34 73 37 38 39 40 41 28 42 43 12 44 45 46 46 2011 € m 1,067 100 - 1,169 56 3,025 36,028 42,074 19,509 13,336 3 2,361 154 278 292 44 2,738 571 2010 € m 2,007 134 578 84 33 3,534 45,601 63,496 7,869 19,319 15 2,557 185 295 152 30 1,836 499 122,805 148,224 46,150 46,774 1 4,061 9,902 - 416 744 794 436 1,209 73,605 49,489 2 3,399 12,611 10 414 861 342 386 4,193 110,487 145,312 5,170 4,926 - 2,222 12,318 3,965 5,089 239 (6,381) 2,912 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 122,805 148,224 (1)This includes € 27,268 million of Central Banks borrowings (2010: € 35,866 million). David Hodgkinson, Chairman; David Duffy, Chief Executive Officer; Catherine Woods, Director; David O’Callaghan, Company Secretary. 257 Consolidated and Company statements of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2011 Notes 2011 € m 2010 € m Group 2009 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010(4) € m 2009(4) € m 2011 € m Reconciliation of loss before taxation to net cash outflow from operating activities Loss for the year from continuing operations before taxation Adjustments for: Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities 7 15 9 & 14 35 35 73 and other capital instruments (Profit)/loss on disposal of businesses Construction contract income Loss/(profit) on disposal of property, plant and equipment Loss on disposal of financial assets Dividend income Associated undertakings Impairment of associated undertakings Impairment of subsidary undertakings Profit on disposal of associated undertakings Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Loss on transfer of financial instruments held for sale to NAMA Writeback of provisions/provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale 13 Increase/(decrease) in other provisions Depreciation, amortisation and impairment Interest on subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Loss/(profit) on disposal of financial investments available for sale Share based payments Amortisation of premiums and discounts (Increase)/decrease in prepayments and accrued income Increase/(decrease) in accruals and deferred income 32 8 3 9 Net (decrease)/increase in deposits by central banks and banks Net decrease in customer accounts(1) Net decrease in loans and receivables to customers(2) Net decrease in NAMA senior bonds Net decrease/(increase) in loans and receivables to banks Net (increase)/decrease in trading portfolio financial assets/liabilities Net decrease in derivative financial instruments Net decrease/(increase) in items in course of collection Net decrease in debt securities in issue Net increase in notes in circulation Net (increase)/decrease in other assets Net (decrease)/increase in other liabilities Effect of exchange translation and other adjustments(3) Net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities Net cash outflow from operating activities before taxation Taxation paid Net cash outflow from operating activities Investing activities (note a) Financing activities (note b) Net cash from discontinued operations Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Opening cash and cash equivalents Reclassified to disposal groups and non-current assets (5,108) (12,071) (2,662) (4,516) (8,448) (2,726) (3,277) (38) - 1 322 (5) 1 36 - - 7,861 364 (416) 283 80 115 168 28 - (60) (11) 71 (372) 11 - (45) 54 (5) (18) - - - 6,015 5,969 1,029 74 58 180 382 (88) - (13) (115) (79) (623) - (1) (19) - (8) 3 - - - 5,242 - 1 24 (6) 127 275 (174) 1 (15) 370 (425) (3,154) - - 1 286 (2,205) - - 3,813 - 5,306 403 (129) 275 35 101 172 42 - (65) (18) 37 (372) - - (42) 51 (1,161) - 52 - (577) 4,991 5,599 294 58 59 170 382 (87) - (12) 250 (453) (282) - - (21) - (896) - 108 - - 4,608 - 1 21 2 112 248 (169) (2) (16) 254 (369) 415 966 2,110 384 754 873 (17,696) (9,796) 11,617 891 1,869 (63) 385 76 (3,174) 1 (212) (87) (592) 16,703 (22,908) 7,679 - 353 85 210 (19) (15,728) 24 109 (1,564) 231 7,568 (27,895) (9,784) (9,573) 15,781 3,578 886 - 9,747 (1,116) (22) (30) 593 341 30 34 (2,783) (7,166) - 54 (139) 184 (36) 730 (272) (709) 10,136 (24,507) 3,138 - 7,483 81 189 (7) (11,280) - 112 (1,276) (632) 9,348 (5,547) 1,291 - (8,743) (31) 382 24 (3,299) - 208 408 46 (16,781) (14,825) (6,109) (13,890) (16,563) (5,913) (16,366) 15 (13,859) (36) (3,999) (13,506) 15 30 (16,351) 6,684 11,302 - 1,635 5,712 (13,895) 4,576 3,446 - (5,873) 12,067 (3,969) (13,491) 1,601 4,572 11,333 3,180 - (324) 3,459 8,522 (557) 3,618 (15,809) (2) (15,811) 5,648 3,446 - (6,717) 10,139 (5,040) (2) (5,042) 4,887 3,242 - 3,087 6,984 60 held for sale Effect of exchange translation adjustments 258 Closing cash and cash equivalents - 26 (716) 234 - 86 - 31 - 196 - 68 7,373 5,712 12,067 3,092 3,618 10,139 Consolidated and Company statements of cash flows (continued) for the year ended 31 December 2011 (a) Investing activities Net cash outflow on acquisition of business combinations Purchase of financial investments available for sale Proceeds from sales and maturity of financial investments available for sale Additions to property, plant and equipment Disposal of property, plant and equipment Additions to intangible assets Disposal of intangible assets Disposal of investment in associated undertakings Investment in Group undertakings(7) Dividends received from subsidiary companies(5) Disposal/redemption of investment in businesses and subsidiaries(6) Dividends received from associated undertakings Cash flows from investing activities (b) Financing activities Proceeds of issue of CCNs Proceeds of issue of share capital to NPRFC Issue of 2009 Preference Shares Capital contributions from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC Cost of redemption of capital instruments Redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Interest paid on subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Dividends paid on other equity interests Dividends paid to non-controlling interests Notes 2011 € m 2010 € m Group 2009 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2009(4) 2010(4) € m € m 2011 € m 60 34 34 38 37 18 73 45 46 46 52 7 21 19 (3,420) - - (3,779) - - (1,760) (6,241) (3,803) (2,378) (5,930) (3,795) 8,738 9,305 8,448 8,251 8,939 8,360 (17) 2 (33) - - - - 3,169 5 (25) 87 (23) 1 1,467 - - - 5 (52) 42 (71) - - - - - 8 (16) 2 (31) - - (2,660) (21) 81 (23) 1 1,467 (27) 2,205 1,118 7 - - 43 (48) 39 (68) - - (501) 834 4 62 6,684 4,576 4,572 1,601 5,648 4,887 1,600 5,000 - 6,054 (9) (1,120) - 3,698 - - - 3,467 1,600 5,000 - - 3,698 - - - 3,467 - (5) - - (8) 6,054 (9) - (1,089) - (5) - - (3) - (223) - - (247) - - (215) (44) (20) (223) - - (247) - - (178) (44) - Cash flows from financing activities 11,302 3,446 3,180 11,333 3,446 3,242 (1)Includes deposits placed by the NTMA € 27 million (2010: € 8 million) for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 27 million (2010: Nil). (2)Includes financial assets held for sale to NAMA and loans and receivables to customers within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale. (3)Included within the effect of exchange translation and other adjustments are amounts in respect of pension contributions of € 216 million (2010: € 375 million; 2009: € 170 million). For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 73 million (2010: € 293 million; 2009: € 147 million). (4)The 2009 consolidated statements of financial position has not been restated to reclassify cash and cash equivalents within disposal groups of discontinued operations. The closing amounts are as per the previously published 2009 Annual Financial Report. (5)Dividends include € 2,180 million from AIB European Investments Limited, which was the holding company of BZWBK. The proceeds of sale of BZWBK were remitted by AIB European Investments Limited to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. by way of dividend. (6)Includes net proceeds on the disposal of BZWBK (note 18) and proceeds on the disposal of businesses (note 15). (7)Additions to Investment in group undertakings of € 3,637 million (note 73) include non-cash transactions of € 977 million in relation to investments in EBS Limited and Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (International) plc. 259 9 4 3 , 4 0 9 6 9 5 6 , 3 0 3 ) 2 6 4 ( ) 7 2 3 ( ) 4 4 0 , 1 ( 4 2 3 5 2 9 3 2 9 8 0 , 5 5 6 9 , 3 m € m € m € m € m € l a t o T - n o N l a t o T s t s e r e t n i g n i l l o r t n o c e r a h S d e s a b s e v r e s e r s t n e m y a p s e r a h s y r u s a e r T m € n g i e r o F y c n e r r u c s e v r e s e r n o i t a l s n a r t m € m € e u n e v e R s e v r e s e r g n i g d e h s e v r e s e r w o l f h s a C m € e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v A s e v r e s e r s e i t i r u c e s n o i t a u l a v e R l a t i p a C s e v r e s e r s e v r e s e r n o i t p m e d e r l a t i p a C s e v r e s e r r e h t O y t i u q e s t s e r e t n i e r a h S m u i m e r p e r a h S l a t i p a c m € m € m € m € m € m € t n e r a p f o s r e d o h l y t i u q e o t e l b a t u b i r t t A 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 d e d n e r a e y e h t r o f y t i u q e n i s e g n a h c f o t n e m e t a t s d e t a d i l o s n o C 260 - 6 7 7 , 8 0 0 0 , 5 - - ) 4 8 ( - - - - - ) 9 8 1 ( 2 3 6 4 , 4 1 - - ) 3 1 5 ( ) 3 1 5 ( ) 5 7 7 ( ) 2 9 2 , 2 ( ) 8 ( 0 2 ) 7 6 7 ( ) 2 1 3 , 2 ( - 6 7 7 , 8 0 0 0 , 5 - 5 0 1 - - 2 - - - - - - - ) 7 ( - - - - - - - - - - - - - ) 0 4 1 ( - - - - - - - - ) 5 4 5 , 4 ( ) 2 1 3 , 2 ( ) 0 6 4 ( 4 5 0 , 6 - - - 7 4 4 3 - 0 9 - 7 3 4 ) 8 0 2 ( - - - - - - - - - 1 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 6 2 3 6 4 , 4 1 3 2 ) 2 6 4 ( ) 7 6 4 ( ) 2 2 8 ( 9 2 2 ) 3 0 0 , 1 ( 8 5 9 , 3 5 8 8 , 2 - - - - - - - - - - 8 5 9 , 3 - - 2 2 7 , 2 - - - - - - ) 1 ( ) 0 9 ( - - - - - - - - - - ) 9 3 2 ( - - - - - - e m o c n i e v i s n e h e r p m o c r e h t O n i d e u s s i s e r a h s y r a n i d r O ) 2 5 d n a 0 5 s e t o n ( s n o i t u b i r t n o c l a t i p a C 1 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 1 t A r a e y e h t r o f s s o L 1 1 0 2 ) 3 6 1 ( 3 6 1 ) 6 4 e t o n ( d n e d i v i d f o u e i l - - - - - - ) 8 5 9 , 3 ( ) 1 5 d n a 6 4 s e t o n ( s e r a h s 0 0 0 , 5 ) 6 4 e t o n ( d e r r e f e d f o n o i t a l l e c n a C s e r a h s y r a n i d r o f o e u s s I - - - - ) 9 4 d n a 7 s e t o n ( s t n e m u r t s n i l a t i p a c f o n o i t p m e d e R ) 3 5 e t o n ( s t s e r e t n i g n i l l o r t n o c - n o n s t n e m y a p d e s a b e r a h S f o t n e m h s i u g n i t x E s t n e m e v o m r e h t O 6 2 9 , 4 0 7 1 , 5 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A . 0 5 e t o n e e S ) 1 ( ) 6 0 5 ( ) 2 6 1 , 0 1 ( 0 7 5 1 ) 1 2 5 ( ) 2 3 2 , 0 1 ( - 0 5 2 ) 2 5 ( ) 1 2 ( 0 0 5 , 3 - 5 - - - - ) 1 2 ( - - - 0 5 2 ) 2 5 ( 0 0 5 , 3 - - 5 9 4 3 , 4 0 9 6 9 5 6 , 3 - - - - - - - ) 4 5 ( - 0 3 - - - - - - - - - - 7 1 3 - - - - - - - ) 2 1 ( 3 0 1 , 5 ) 2 3 2 , 0 1 ( - 8 7 4 ) 1 4 ( ) 9 5 2 ( - ) 5 8 7 ( - - - - 8 9 4 5 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 9 5 , 1 1 0 5 5 9 0 , 1 - - 9 2 1 8 9 8 ) 1 ( 1 7 ) 2 6 4 ( ) 7 2 3 ( ) 5 4 5 , 4 ( 7 3 4 ) 4 4 0 , 1 ( 3 3 - - - - - - - - ) 9 ( 4 2 ) 2 ( 5 3 3 , 1 1 6 2 6 9 0 7 , 0 1 4 8 ) 2 6 4 ( ) 4 4 6 ( 3 8 6 9 8 3 5 7 9 , 4 9 2 3 m € m € m € m € m € m € m € m € l a t o T - n o N l a t o T s t s e r e t n i g n i l l o r t n o c e r a h S d e s a b s e v r e s e r s t n e m y a p s e v r e s e r n o i t a l s n a r t s e r a h s y r u s a e r T n g i e r o F y c n e r r u c e u n e v e R s e v r e s e r g n i g d e h s e v r e s e r w o l f h s a C m € e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v A s e v r e s e r s e i t i r u c e s s e v r e s e r n o i t a u l a v e R l a t i p a C s e v r e s e r r e h t O y t i u q e s t s e r e t n i e r a h S m u i m e r p e r a h S l a t i p a c m € m € m € m € m € t n e r a p e h t f o s r e d o h l y t i u q e o t e l b a t u b i r t t A 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 d e d n e r a e y e h t r o f y t i u q e n i s e g n a h c f o t n e m e t a t s d e t a d i l o s n o C - - - - - - - - ) 0 3 4 ( 3 5 2 - - - - - - - - ) 0 5 1 ( - - - - - - - - s t s e r e t n i y t i u q e r e h t o n o s d n e d i v i D ) 9 4 e t o n ( s t n a r r a w f o n o i t a l l e c n a C s t n e m y a p d e s a b e r a h S s t n e m e v o m r e h t O ) 9 4 e t o n ( 9 3 2 9 8 0 , 5 5 6 9 , 3 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A 3 4 1 7 5 3 , 3 ) 6 4 e t o n ( s e r a h s - - ) 3 6 ( 4 3 - - 3 6 6 1 2 f o u e i l n i d e u s s i s e r a h s y r a n i d r O e m o c n i e v i s n e h e r p m o c r e h t O ) 6 4 e t o n ( d n e d i v i d ) 6 4 e t o n ( s e r a h s y r a n i d r o f o e u s s I g n i t o v - n o n e l b i t r e v n o c f o e u s s I 0 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 1 t A r a e y e h t r o f s s o L 0 1 0 2 - - - - : s n o i t a r e p o d e u n i t n o c s i d h c i h w f O 261 8 1 3 , 2 1 6 3 ) 9 4 5 ( ) 8 6 ( ) 5 5 3 , 2 ( 2 2 1 ) 8 4 9 ( 8 5 9 , 3 1 1 0 , 2 l a t o T m € e r a h S d e s a b m € s e v r e s e r s t n e m y a p s e r a h s y r u s a e r T n g i e r o F y c n e r r u c s e v r e s e r n o i t a l s n a r t e u n e v e R s e v r e s e r ) 2 4 6 ( ) 4 7 6 , 3 ( - 1 4 7 , 8 0 0 0 , 5 - - - - - - - ) 3 2 ( - 4 - ) 6 ( - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 9 , 2 2 4 ) 9 4 5 ( - ) 1 ( ) 7 6 ( - - - - - - - ) 3 5 3 , 5 ( ) 4 7 6 , 3 ( ) 6 3 4 ( 4 5 0 , 6 - - - 6 6 1 2 2 3 8 - 6 7 3 ) 4 5 2 ( - - - - - - - - 9 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 1 - - - - - - - - - 8 5 9 , 3 - - 7 8 6 , 2 - - - - - ) 1 ( ) 2 3 8 ( - - - - - - - - - ) 9 3 2 ( - - - - - - e m o c n i e v i s n e h e r p m o c r e h t O n i d e u s s i s e r a h s y r a n i d r O ) 2 5 d n a 0 5 s e t o n ( s n o i t u b i r t n o c l a t i p a C 1 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 1 t A r a e y e h t r o f s s o L 1 1 0 2 ) 3 6 1 ( 3 6 1 ) 6 4 e t o n ( d n e d i v i d f o u e i l - - - - - ) 8 5 9 , 3 ( ) 1 5 d n a 6 4 s e t o n ( s e r a h s 0 0 0 , 5 ) 6 4 e t o n ( d e r r e f e d f o n o i t a l l e c n a C s e r a h s y r a n i d r o f o e u s s I - - - 7 s e t o n ( s t n e m u r t s n i l a t i p a c f o n o i t p m e d e R s t n e m y a p d e s a b e r a h S s t n e m e v o m r e h t O ) 9 4 d n a 6 2 9 , 4 0 7 1 , 5 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A . 0 5 e t o n e e S ) 1 ( m € m € m € m € m € m € m € m € m € m € ) 7 9 9 ( 1 1 6 5 1 9 3 2 9 8 0 , 5 5 6 9 , 3 m € e l a s r o f s e v r e s e r s e i t i r u c e s . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A w o l f h s a C e l b a l i a v A n o i t a u l a v e R l a t i p a C g n i g d e h s e v r e s e r s e v r e s e r s e v r e s e r n o i t p m e d e r - y t i u q e n i s e g n a h c f o t n e m e t a S t l a t i p a C s e v r e s e r r e h t O y t i u q e s t s e r e t n i e r a h S m u i m e r p e r a h S l a t i p a c 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 d e d n e r a e y e h t r o f 262 ) 7 6 7 ( ) 4 1 2 , 7 ( - 0 5 2 0 0 5 , 3 ) 2 5 ( 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 1 , 7 2 4 ) 9 4 5 ( ) 6 8 ( - 9 1 - - - - - ) 1 1 ( 1 6 7 , 1 ) 4 1 2 , 7 ( - 8 7 4 ) 2 0 1 ( ) 4 2 3 ( - ) 3 7 6 ( - - - 8 9 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 9 , 2 2 4 ) 9 4 5 ( ) 7 6 ( ) 3 5 3 , 5 ( 6 7 3 ) 7 9 9 ( m € m € m € l a t o T e r a h S d e s a b s e v r e s e r s t n e m y a p s e r a h s y r u s a e r T m € n g i e r o F y c n e r r u c s e v r e s e r n o i t a l s n a r t m € m € e u n e v e R s e v r e s e r g n i g d e h s e v r e s e r m € e l a s r o f s e v r e s e r s e i t i r u c e s w o l f h s a C e l b a l i a v A n o i t a u l a v e R s e v r e s e r . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A - y t i u q e n i s e g n a h c f o t n e m e t a S t l a t i p a C s e v r e s e r r e h t O y t i u q e s t s e r e t n i e r a h S m u i m e r p e r a h S l a t i p a c 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 d e d n e r a e y e h t r o f m € m € m € m € m € 0 2 6 5 1 9 8 3 5 7 9 , 4 9 2 3 - - - - - - ) 9 ( 1 1 - - - - - - - 6 5 1 - - - - - ) 0 5 1 ( - 9 3 2 - - ) 3 6 ( 4 3 3 4 1 - - - - - - 3 6 6 1 2 7 5 3 , 3 9 8 0 , 5 5 6 9 , 3 ) 6 4 e t o n ( d n e d i v i d f o u e i l n i d e u s s i s e r a h s y r a n i d r O ) 6 4 e t o n ( s e r a h s g n i t o v - n o n e l b i t r e v n o c f o e u s s I ) 9 4 e t o n ( s t n a r r a w f o n o i t a l l e c n a C ) 6 4 e t o n ( s e r a h s y r a n i d r o f o e u s s I e m o c n i e v i s n e h e r p m o c r e h t O 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A s t n e m e v o m r e h t O 0 1 0 2 y r a u n a J 1 t A r a e y e h t r o f s s o L 0 1 0 2 263 Notes to the accounts Note 1 Segmental information 2 Interest and similar income 3 Interest expense and similar charges 4 Dividend income 5 Net fee and commission income 6 Net trading loss Note 45 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments 46 Share capital 47 Analysis of selected other comprehensive income 48 Own shares 49 Other equity interests 50 Capital reserves 7 Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated 51 Capital redemption reserves liabilities and other capital instruments 8 Loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA 9 Other operating (loss)/income 10 Administrative expenses 11 Share-based compensation schemes 12 Retirement benefits 52 Contributions from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC 53 Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 54 Memorandum items: contingent liabilities and commitments, and contingent assets 55 Off-balance sheet arrangements 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government 13 Provisions for impairment of financial investments 57 Fair value of financial instruments 58 Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities 59 Interest rate sensitivity 60 Statement of cash flows 61 Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity 62 Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests 64 Related party transactions 65 Commitments 66 Employees 67 Regulatory compliance 68 Financial and other information 69 Average balance sheets and interest rates 70 Non-adjusting events after the reporting period 71 Dividends 72 Additional information in relation to discontinued operations 73 Investments in Group undertakings 74 Additional parent company information 75 Approval of accounts available for sale 14 (Loss)/profit on disposal of property 15 Profit/(loss) on disposal of businesses 16 Auditor’s fees 17 Income tax income 18 Discontinued operations 19 Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 20 (Loss)/earnings per share 21 Distributions to other equity holders 22 Distributions on equity shares 23 Transfer of business from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation 24 Acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) 25 Financial assets and financial liabilities held for sale to NAMA 26 Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale 27 Trading portfolio financial assets 28 Derivative financial instruments 29 Loans and receivables to banks 30 Loans and receivables to customers 31 Amounts receivable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts 32 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables 33 NAMA senior bonds 34 Financial investments available for sale 35 Interests in associated undertakings 36 Interest in Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited 37 Intangible assets and goodwill 38 Property, plant & equipment 39 Deferred taxation 40 Deposits by central banks and banks 41 Customer accounts 42 Debt securities in issue 43 Other liabilities 44 Provisions for liabilities and commitments 264 1 Segmental information Following a review of the organisation structure, the current segment structure was announced in mid 2011 and consequently the first half of 2011 along with 2010 was restated. Non-Core, which comprises assets which AIB is committed to deleveraging together with related costs, is reported as a distinct portfolio. The segments’ performance statements include all income and direct costs relating to each segment but exclude overheads which are held centrally in the Group segment. Funding and liquidity charges are based on actual wholesale funding costs incurred and a segment’s net funding requirement. Wholesale funding costs include the Irish Government’s Eligible Liabilities Guarantee (“ELG”) Scheme charges relating to wholesale funds. Net interest income also includes ELG charges directly attaching to customer deposits within a segment. Income on capital is allocated to segments based on each segment’s capital requirement. Surplus capital is held in the Group segment. The cost of services between segments and from central support functions to segments is based on the estimated actual cost incurred in providing the service. Personal & Business Banking (“PBB”) comprises banking operations for the personal segment and small enterprises within the Republic of Ireland.This segment also includes Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Corporate, Institutional and Commercial Banking (“CICB”) comprises banking operations for mid-sized corporate and commercial enterprises. It also includes a Corporate Finance business and a Treasury customer services area which delivers treasury services to customers of the Group. AIB UK comprises retail and commercial banking operations in Britain operating under the trading name Allied Irish Bank (GB) and in Northern Ireland operating under the trading name First Trust Bank. EBS was acquired by AIB Group on 1 July 2011.The segment view is shown on a consistent basis to other segments which differs from the legal entity basis. EBS wholesale treasury operations are reported as part of the Group segment and assets identified as non-core are reported as part of Non-Core. Group includes wholesale treasury activities, unallocated costs of central services and income on capital not allocated to segments. Non-Core comprises those assets which AIB is committed to deleveraging and losses on the transfer of loans to NAMA, together with related costs. 265 Notes to the accounts 1 Segmental information (continued) PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group € m € m € m € m € m Operations by business segments Net interest income Other income/(loss)(1) Total operating income/(loss) Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation, impairment and amortisation Total operating expenses Operating profit/(loss) 583 263 846 441 223 57 721 79 88 167 163 86 14 263 134 70 204 126 72 7 205 before provisions 125 (96) (1) Provisions for impairment of loans 86 5 91 18 19 5 42 49 and receivables 1,177 2,933 225 201 (Writeback)/charge of provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Group operating (loss)/profit Associated undertakings Loss on disposal of property Profit on disposal of businesses (Loss)/profit before taxation - - 2 - 5 1,179 2,938 (1,054) (39) (1) 10 (3,034) - - - - - 225 (226) 2 - - - - 201 (152) - - - Total Core € m 1,202 3,642 4,844 865 608 113 1,586 Total Non- Core € m 148 (652) (504) 70 62 2 134 2011 Total € m 1,350 2,990 4,340 935 670 115 1,720 320 3,216 3,536 117 208 30 355 3,181 3,258 (638) 2,620 - 11 270 281 2,900 - - 28 4,536 3,325 7,861 11 (427) (416) 277 4,824 (1,566) (37) (1) 38 6 2,904 (3,542) - - - 283 7,728 (5,108) (37) (1) 38 continuing activities (1,084) (3,034) (224) (152) 2,928 (1,566) (3,542) (5,108) 266 1 Segmental information (continued) PBB CICB AIB UK Group € m € m € m € m Operations by business segments Net interest income Other income/(loss)(1) Total operating income/(loss) Personnel expenses General and administrative expenses Depreciation, impairment and amortisation Total operating expenses Operating profit/(loss) before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for liabilities and commitments Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total provisions Group operating (loss)/profit Associated undertakings Loss on disposal of property Profit on disposal of businesses (Loss)/profit before taxation - continuing activities 719 297 1,016 443 185 65 693 323 736 - 2 738 (415) 16 - - 168 69 237 144 79 13 236 1 1,557 - 7 1,564 (1,563) - - - (399) (1,563) 229 90 319 138 55 10 203 116 121 - - 121 (5) 2 - - (3) Total Core € m 1,610 703 2,313 819 476 178 1,473 840 2,414 - 63 Total Non- Core € m 2010 Total € m 234 1,844 (5,904) (5,201) (5,670) (3,357) 102 72 2 176 921 548 180 1,649 (5,846) (5,006) 3,601 1,029 11 2,477 4,641 (1,637) 18 46 (11) (10,487) - - - 6,015 1,029 74 7,118 (12,124) 18 46 (11) 494 247 741 94 157 90 341 400 - - 54 54 346 - 46 (11) 381 (1,584) (10,487) (12,071) 267 Notes to the accounts 1 Segmental information (continued) Other amounts - statement of financial position PBB CICB AIB UK EBS Group Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Loans and receivables to customers Loans and receivables held for sale Interests in associated undertakings Total assets(2) Customer accounts Total liabilities(3)(4) Capital expenditure € m - 27,013 - 24 31,198 28,150 32,234 49 € m - 19,638 - - 19,769 13,801 14,019 1 € m - 8,998 - 12 13,398 10,220 11,399 - € m - 13,101 - - 13,682 8,476 8,817 - € m - - - - 43,458 - 55,420 - Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Loans and receivables to customers Loans and receivables held for sale Interests in associated undertakings Total assets(2) Customer accounts Total liabilities(3)(4) Capital expenditure PBB CICB AIB UK Group € m € m € m - 29,426 - 275 31,547 27,968 34,723 21 - 22,778 - - 23,197 15,420 15,731 1 - 9,091 - 8 13,975 9,001 10,386 2 € m - 69 - - 35,625 - 67,899 23 Total Core € m - 68,750 - 36 121,505 60,647 121,889 50 Total Core € m - 61,364 - 283 104,344 52,389 128,739 47 Total Non- Core € m - 13,790 1,191 14 15,146 27 299 - Total Non- Core € m 1,937 24,986 74 - 27,058 - 588 1 2011 Total € m - 82,540 1,191 50 136,651 60,674 122,188 50 2010 Total € m 1,937 86,350 74 283 131,402 52,389 129,327 48 268 1 Segmental information (continued) Geographic information(5)(6) Net interest income Other income/(loss)(7)(8) Non-current assets(9) Republic of Ireland € m United Kingdom € m Poland(10) € m North America € m Rest of the world € m 1,131 3,347 493 199 (315) 41 - - - 18 (17) 2 2 (25) - Geographic information(5)(6) Net interest income Other (loss)/income(7)(8) Non-current assets(9) Geographic information(5)(6) Net interest income Other income/(loss)(7)(8) Non-current assets(9) Republic of Ireland € m United Kingdom € m Poland(10) € m North America € m Rest of the world € m 1,397 (5,091) 491 390 (169) 47 Republic of Ireland € m United Kingdom € m 2,258 1,077 625 502 123 51 - - - Poland € m - - 638 49 43 2 8 16 1 North America € m Rest of the world € m 83 35 1 29 (1) 3 2011 Total € m 1,350 2,990 536 2010 Total € m 1,844 (5,201) 541 2009 Total € m 2,872 1,234 1,318 Revenue from external customers comprises interest income (note 2); fee income (note 5) and trading loss (note 6). (1)Gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments of € 3,277 million (2010: € 372 million) is recorded within the Group segment (note 7). (2)Total assets exclude Nil (2010: € 13,820 million) discontinued assets which are shown on the statement of financial position within disposal groups and non current assets held for sale (note 26). (3)The fungible nature of liabilities within the banking industry inevitably leads to allocations of liabilities to segments, some of which are necessarily subjective. Accordingly, the directors believe that the analysis of total assets is more meaningful than the analysis of liabilities. (4)Total liabilities excludes Nil (2010: € 11,546 million) discontinued liabilities which are shown on the statement of financial position within disposal groups held for sale (note 26). (5)The geographical distribution of net interest and other income/(loss) is based primarily on the location of the office recording the transaction. (6)For details of significant geographic concentrations, see 3.1 Credit risk. (7)Loss on disposal of financial assets to NAMA is recorded within the Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom. (8)Gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments is recorded in Republic of Ireland. (9)Non current assets comprise intangible assets and goodwill, and property, plant and equipment. (10)See discontinued operations (notes 18 and 72). 269 Notes to the accounts 2 Interest and similar income Interest on loans and receivables to customers Interest on loans and receivables to banks Interest on trading portfolio financial assets Interest on NAMA senior bonds Interest on financial investments available for sale 2011 € m 3,418 69 2 348 592 4,429 2010 € m 3,837 55 2 29 686 4,609 2009 € m 4,845 91 3 - 915 5,854 Interest income includes a credit of € 199 million (2010: credit of € 526 million; 2009: credit of € 597 million) removed from equity in respect of cash flow hedges. 3 Interest expense and similar charges Interest on deposits by central banks and banks Interest on customer accounts Interest on debt securities in issue Interest on subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments 2011 € m 600 1,700 611 168 3,079 2010 € m 375 1,313 695 382 2,765 2009 € m 459 1,472 776 275 2,982 Interest expense includes a charge of € 66 million (2010: charge of € 135 million; 2009: charge of € 117 million) removed from equity in respect of cash flow hedges. Included within interest expense is € 488 million (2010: € 306 million; 2009: Nil) in respect of the Irish Government’s Eligible Liabilities Guarantee (“ELG”) Scheme. Total interest income and expense calculated using the effective interest method reported above that relate to financial assets or liabilities not carried at fair value through profit or loss are € 4,427 million (2010: € 4,607 million; 2009: € 5,851 million) and € 3,079 million (2010: € 2,765 million; 2009: € 2,982 million) respectively. 4 Dividend income Dividend income relates to income from equity shares held as financial investments available for sale amounting to € 4 million (2010: € 1 million; 2009: € 4 million). 5 Net fee and commission income Retail banking customer fees Credit related fees Asset management and investment banking fees Brokerage fees Insurance commissions Fee and commission income Irish Government Guarantee Scheme expense(1) Other fee and commission expense(2) Fee and commission expense 2011 € m 336 50 58 - 26 470 - (29) (29) 441 2010 € m 367 94 81 18 25 585 (51) (37) (88) 497 2009 € m 388 108 82 28 30 636 (147) (37) (184) 452 (1)This represents the charge in respect of the Credit Institutions (Financial Support) (“CIFS”) Scheme which expired in 2010. (2)Other fee and commission expense includes ATM expenses of € 12 million (2010: € 14 million; 2009: € 14 million) and credit card commissions of € 11 million (2010: € 11 million; 2009: € 10 million). 270 6 Net trading loss Foreign exchange contracts Debt securities and interest rate contracts Credit derivative contracts Equity securities and index contracts 2011 € m 52 (91) (71) (3) (113) 2010 € m 22 (183) (41) 1 (201) 2009 € m (5) 30 (65) - (40) The total hedging ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges reflected in the income statement amounted to a charge of € 3 million (2010: charge of € 2 million; 2009: credit of € 27 million) and is included in net trading loss. 7 Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments 2011 Since 2009, the Group has been involved in a number of initiatives to increase its core tier 1 capital. In this regard, in January, June and July 2011, the Group completed offers to purchase for cash certain capital instruments as outlined in the tables below. These offers to purchase for cash, accounted for under IAS 39, meet the requirements to be treated as an extinguishment of the original instruments. January This transaction comprised a tender offer by AIB for cash for certain of its tier 2 capital instruments denominated in various currencies. These instruments were purchased at 30% of their face value. It resulted in a total gain of € 1,534 million (€ 1,534 million after taxation) all of which is recorded in the income statement. June/July On 14 April 2011, the High Court issued a Subordinated Liabilities Order under section 29 of the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 (the “SLO”), with the consent of AIB. The SLO changed the terms of all outstanding subordinated instruments resulting in a gain for AIB. (See note 56(b)). On 13 May 2011, AIB launched a tender offer for cash for all its outstanding subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments. Under this offer, AIB agreed to purchase the instruments at 10% to 25% of their face value. Following completion of the offer and where a certain percentage (a quorum) of the holders agreed to accept the offer, AIB had an option to redeem or purchase all of the remaining outstanding instruments at an option price of 0.001% of the nominal amount, which it exercised. In relation to instruments settled a gain amounting to € 1,664 million (€ 1,633 million after taxation) was recognised in the income statement and a gain amounting to € 387 million (€ 344 million after taxation) was recognised directly in equity. Non-controlling interests accounted for € 171 million (€ 128 million after taxation) of the gain recognised directly in equity where the carrying value derecognised amounted to € 189 million. The quorum required to accept the offer was not reached for three remaining instruments listed below. (i) € 500m Callable Step-up Floating Rate Notes due October 2017 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO); (ii) Stg£ 368m 12.50% Subordinated Notes due June 2019 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO); and (iii) Stg£ 500m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2025 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO). Since the terms of these series of notes changed arising from the SLO which was effective from 22 April 2011, the original liabilities have been derecognised and new liabilities recognised, with their remeasurement based on fair value. The gain of € 79 million arising on derecognition of the original liabilities/initial recognition of the new liabilities has been recognised in the income statement. The subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments of the Group are set out in note 45. The RCI and LPI are set out in notes 49 and 53 respectively. 271 Notes to the accounts 7 Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) The table below sets out the amount redeemed/remeasured for each instrument, the consideration given less costs arising, to arrive at the gain on redemption/remeasurement. Redemption January 2011 € m Redemption June/July 2011 € m Remeasurement 2011 € m Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments € 500m Callable Step-up Floating Rate Notes due October 2017 € 869m 12.5% Subordinated Notes due June 2019 € 419m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 € 200m Fixed Rate Perpetual Subordinated Notes € 400m Floating Rate Notes due March 2015 US$ 100m Floating Rate Primary Capital Perpetual Notes US$ 400m Floating Rate Notes due July 2015 US$ 177m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 Stg£ 700m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due July 2023 Stg£ 500m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2025 Stg£ 350m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due November 2030 Stg£ 1,096m 11.5% Subordinated Notes due March 2022 Stg£ 368m 12.5% Subordinated Notes due June 2019 Stg£ 400m Perpetual Callable Step-up Subordinated Notes Stg£ 350m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (“LP3”) JPY 20bn Callable Step-up Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2042 € 500m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (“LP2”) Interest accrual to date of redemption Carrying value of subordinated liabilities 92 223 209 - 140 - 102 52 134 21 31 851 166 - - 178 - - 50 586 226 54 48 70 28 78 41 - - 449 145 66 42 - 95 109 25 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 82 - - - - - and other capital instruments at redemption/remeasurement 2,199 2,087 108 Other equity interests and non-controlling interests € 500m 7.5% Step Up Callable Perpetual Reserve Capital Instrument (“RCI”) € 1bn Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (“LPI”) Carrying value of other equity interests and non-controlling interests at redemption Consideration paid on redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Consideration paid on redemption of other equity interests and non-controlling interests Costs Gain on redemption Fair value of remaining instruments on remeasurement Gain on remeasurement - - - 2,199 (660) - (5) (665) 1,534 239 189 428 2,515 (419) (41) (4) (464) 2,051 Instruments offered for cash - January - June/July Instruments remeasured Total (1)€ 3,246 million after taxation (2)€ 344 million after taxation . 272 Recognised in income statement € m 1,534 1,664 79 3,277(1) Recognised in equity € m - 387 - 387(2) - - - 108 29 79 Total € m 1,534 2,051 79 3,664 7 Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) 2010 On 29 March 2010, the Group completed the exchange of lower tier 2 capital instruments for new lower tier 2 capital qualifying securities. This involved the issue of euro, dollar and sterling subordinated capital instruments in exchange for the securities outlined in the following table. The fair value of the instruments issued was at a premium to their par value and, in accordance with IAS 39, will be amortised to the income statement over the lives of the notes. This exchange of debt, accounted for under IAS 39, met the requirements to be treated as an extinguishment of the original instruments. However, since the original instruments were extinguished by the issue of new subordinated capital instruments, this was a non-cash transaction except for the costs incurred in issuing the new instruments. The following table sets out the carrying values of each instrument tendered for exchange, and the consideration given, including costs, to arrive at the gain on redemption: Instruments exchanged Subordinated liabilities € 400m Floating Rate Notes due March 2015 € 500m Callable Step-up Floating Rate Notes due October 2017 US$ 400m Floating Rate Notes due July 2015 Stg£ 700m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due July 2023 Stg£ 500m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2025 Stg£ 350m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due November 2030 Carrying value of instruments exchanged Instruments issued including costs € 419m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 US$ 177m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 Stg£ 1,096m 11.50% Subordinated Notes due March 2022 Costs Consideration including costs Gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities 2010 € m 212 332 164 609 535 360 2,212 437 136 1,262 5 1,840 372 These instruments were exchanged at discounts ranging from 9% to 26%. It resulted in a total gain of € 372 million (€ 372 million after taxation) all of which was recorded in the income statement. 273 Notes to the accounts 7 Gain on redemption/remeasurement of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) 2009 In June 2009, the Group completed the exchange of non-core tier 1 and upper tier 2 capital instruments for a lower tier 2 issue. This involved the redemption of the securities outlined in the following table at a discount to their nominal value or issue price, but at a premium to their trading range. The consideration for the redemption was the issue of euro and sterling subordinated capital instruments. This exchange of debt is accounted for under IAS 39 and meets the requirements to be treated as an extinguishment of the original instruments. It resulted in a total gain of € 1,161 million (€ 1,161 million after taxation) with € 623 million being recorded in the income statement and a gain of € 538 million being recorded directly in equity. The gain recorded in the income statement relates to those instruments which were held as liabilities on the statement of financial position as ‘Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments’ whilst the gain recorded directly in equity refers to instruments recorded under ‘Shareholders’ equity’. However, since the original instruments were extinguished by the issue of new subordinated capital instruments, this was a non-cash transaction except for the costs incurred in issuing the new instruments. The following table sets out the carrying values of each instrument tendered for exchange, the consideration given and costs arising, to arrive at the gain on redemption. Instruments exchanged Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments € 200m Fixed Rate Perpetual Subordinated Notes Stg£ 400m Perpetual Callable Step-Up Subordinated Notes Stg£ 350m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities € 500m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities Shareholders’ equity and non-controlling interests € 500m 7.5 per cent Step-up Callable Perpetual Reserve Capital Instrument (“RCI”) € 1bn Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (“LPI”) Total carrying value of instruments exchanged Instruments issued including costs € 869 million 12.5 per cent Subordinated Notes due 25 June 2019 Stg£ 368 million 12.5 per cent Subordinated Notes due 25 June 2019 Costs Total consideration including costs Gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments 2009 € m 146 400 366 403 258 801 2,374 802 403 8 1,213 1,161 The subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments were exchanged at discounts ranging from 33% to 50%. The gain relating to the subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments recognised in the income statement amounted to € 623 million (€ 623 million after taxation). The gain relating to the redemption of the RCI and LPI amounted to € 538 million (€ 538 million after taxation) and this has been recognised directly in equity. This gain was treated as tax exempt. 274 8 Loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA In February 2010, AIB was designated a participating institution under the NAMA Act which was enacted in November 2009. By 31 December 2010, financial assets with a net carrying value of € 14,010 million had transferred. Further transfers took place during 2011. The consideration received was in the form of Government Guaranteed Floating Rate Notes (senior bonds) and Floating Rate Perpetual Subordinated Bonds (subordinated bonds) issued by NAMA which were initially measured at fair value (notes 57 and 74). Losses arose on transfer due to NAMA acquiring these financial instruments at a discount to their carrying value. The following table sets out the transfers during 2011 and the loss arising: Transfers to NAMA in 2011(1)(2) Adjustments to 2011 transfers Utilisation of provision for liabilities and charges Writeback of provision for servicing liability Adjustment to 2010 transfers Financial instruments returned by NAMA(1) Adjustments to 2010 transfers EBS transfers to NAMA(1)(2) Adjustments to EBS 2010 transfers Total Transfers to NAMA in 2010(1) Provision for servicing liability Net carrying value € m 1,232 55 Fair value of consideration € m 783 (83) 1,287 - - (40) 179 139 36 - 36 1,462 700 - - (27) (257) (284) 35 17 52 468 Net carrying value € m 14,010 - 14,010 Fair value of consideration € m 8,084 - 8,084 2011 Loss on transfer € m 449 138 587 (587) (43) (13) 436 423 1 (17) (16) 364 2010 Loss on transfer € m 5,926 43 5,969 The following table analyses the overall impact in the consolidated income statement of financial instruments, both transferred and held for sale to NAMA(3): Included within Loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA Administrative expenses (note 10) Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables Provisions for liabilities and commitments(4) Release of surplus provision 2011 € m 364 28 87 - (433) 46 2010 € m 5,969 21 1,497 1,029 - 8,516 (1)Transfers to NAMA of € 1,228 million include accrued interest and derivatives of € 8 million. (2)Fair value of consideration on transfers to NAMA totalling € 818 million, has been settled by € 803 million NAMA senior bonds (note 33) and € 15 million NAMA subordinated bonds (note 34). (3)Excludes amounts relating to interest income, related funding and other income on the underlying financial instruments. (4)At 31 December 2010, the transfer in 2011 of certain loans to NAMA was deemed to be unavoidable, accordingly a provision was made for the expected discount based on the loans identified for transfer and the haircut that NAMA had communicated would be applied to such loans (note 44). Adjustments to transfers have either been settled through a mixture of cash settlements, a return or issue of NAMA senior and subordinated bonds, or the creation of a receivable or a NAMA provision at 31 December 2011. 275 Notes to the accounts 9 Other operating (loss)/income Loss on disposal of loans and receivables (Loss)/profit on disposal of available for sale debt securities Profit on disposal of available for sale equity securities Miscellaneous operating income(1)(2)(3) 2011 € m (322) (36) 8 95 (255) 2010 € m (54) 75 13 65 99 2009 € m - 167 7 21 195 (1)Includes a credit of € 40 million (2010: credit of € 8 million; 2009: a charge of € 13 million) in respect of foreign exchange gains and losses. Also includes a loss on disposal of equipment of Nil (2010: loss of € 1 million; 2009: loss of € 4 million). (2)Includes a credit of € 61 million arising from litigation settlements in respect of operating losses and legal proceedings against a software supplier (2010: Nil). (3)Includes € 18 million charge relating to terminated cashflow hedges which has been removed from equity (2010: € 12 million credit; 2009: Nil). 10 Administrative expenses Personnel expenses: Wages & salaries Share-based payment schemes (note 11) Retirement benefits (note 12) Social security costs Other personnel expenses General and administrative expenses(1) 2011 € m 2010 € m Group 2009 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2009 € m 2010 € m 2011 € m 757 - 48 80 50 935 670 722 - 92 74 33 921 548 821 1 (20) 86 21 909 486 610 - 35 64 (5) 704 471 565 - 74 58 (11) 686 339 1,605 1,469 1,395 1,175 1,025 659 (2) (16) 69 (22) 688 287 975 (1)Includes external costs relating to the transfer of financial instruments to NAMA that amounted to € 28 million (2010: € 21 million; 2009: € 11 million). Employee numbers by market segment are set out in note 66. 276 11 Share-based compensation schemes The Group operates a number of share-based compensation schemes as outlined in this note on terms approved by the shareholders. The share-based compensation schemes which AIB Group operates in respect of ordinary shares in Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., are: (i) The AIB Group Share Option Scheme; (ii) Employees’ Profit Sharing Schemes; (iii) AIB Save As You Earn (SAYE) Share Option Scheme UK; and (iv) AIB Group Performance Share Plan 2005. At 31 December 2011, the ordinary shares of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. were trading at € 0.069 per share. (i) AIB Group Share Option Scheme The following disclosures regarding the “AIB Group Share Option Scheme” (the ‘2000 Scheme’) relate to both AIB Group and to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. The 2000 Scheme was approved by shareholders at the 2000 AGM. This Scheme was replaced by the AIB Group Performance Share Plan 2005 (see below), which was approved by shareholders at the 2005 AGM and further grants of options over the Company’s shares will not be made, except in exceptional circumstances. Options were last granted under this scheme in 2005, and these options vested in 2008 based on the 2007 earnings per share out-turn, and are exercisable up to 2015. The following table summarises the share option scheme activity over each of the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. Group Outstanding at 1 January Exercised Forfeited/lapsed Outstanding at 31 December Exercisable at 31 December 2011 2010 Number of options ’000 Weighted Number of options ’000 average exercise price € Weighted Number of options ’000 average exercise price € 2009 Weighted average exercise price € 10,910.0 - (2,556.3) 8,353.7 8,353.7 13.27 11,048.6 - (138.6) - 12.13 13.62 10,910.0 13.28 11,057.6 - (9.0) - 13.77 13.27 11,048.6 13.62 10,910.0 13.27 11,048.6 13.27 - 12.59 13.28 13.28 The following tables present the number of options outstanding at 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. Group Range of exercise price € 12.60 - € 13.90 € 16.20 Weighted average remaining contractual life in years Number of options outstanding ’000 1.41 3.33 7,046.7 1,307.0 Range of exercise price € 11.98 - € 13.90 € 16.20 - € 18.63 Range of exercise price € 11.98 - € 13.90 € 16.20 - € 18.63 Weighted average remaining contractual life in years Number of options outstanding ’000 1.90 4.32 9,557.5 1,352.5 Weighted average remaining contractual life in years Number of options outstanding ’000 2.90 5.34 9,656.0 1,392.6 2011 Weighted average exercise price € 13.14 16.20 2010 Weighted average exercise price € 12.85 16.21 2009 Weighted average exercise price € 12.85 16.21 277 Notes to the accounts 11 Share-based compensation schemes (continued) (ii) Employees’ Profit Sharing Schemes The Company operates the “AIB Approved Employees’ Profit Sharing Scheme 1998” (‘the Scheme’) on terms approved by the shareholders at the 1998 Annual General Meeting. All employees, including executive directors of the Company and certain subsidiaries are eligible to participate, subject to minimum service periods and being in employment on the date on which an invitation to participate is issued. The Directors, at their discretion, may set aside each year, for distribution under the Scheme, a sum not exceeding 5% of eligible profits of participating companies. Eligible employees in the Republic of Ireland may elect to receive any profit sharing allocations either in shares or in cash. Such shares are held by Trustees for a minimum period of two years and are required to be held for a total period of three years for the employees to obtain the maximum tax benefit. No shares were distributed in respect of this Scheme since 2008. This Scheme is not a share based payments scheme as defined by IFRS 2 - Share Based Payment. A Share Ownership Plan (‘the Plan’) operates in the UK in place of a profit sharing scheme. The Plan, which was approved by shareholders at the 2002 Annual General Meeting, provides for the acquisition by eligible employees of shares in a number of categories: Partnership Shares, in which each eligible employee may invest up to Stg£ 1,500 per annum from salary; Free Shares, involving the award by the Company of shares up to the value of Stg£ 3,000 per annum per employee, and Dividend Shares which may be acquired by each eligible employee, by re-investing dividends of up to Stg£ 1,500 per annum. No shares have been awarded since 2008 under the Free Share category. Free Shares are forfeited on a sliding scale should the employee leave the service of the Group within three years of grant date. The following table summarises activity in the Free Share category during 2011, 2010 and 2009. Outstanding at 1 January Granted Forfeited Vested Outstanding at 31 December 2011 Number of shares ’000 725.1 - (1.6) (259.4) 464.1 2010 Number of shares ’000 992.0 - (8.1) (258.8) 725.1 2009 Number of shares ’000 1,312.3 - (8.3) (312.0) 992.0 (iii) AIB Save As You Earn (SAYE) Share Option Scheme UK The Company operates a Save As You Earn Share Option Scheme (‘the Scheme’) in the UK. The Scheme is open to all employees of AIB Group in the UK who have completed six months continuous service at the date of grant. Under the Scheme, employees may opt to save fixed amounts on a regular basis, over a three-year period, subject to a maximum monthly saving of Stg£ 250 per employee. At the end of the three-year period, (a) a tax-free bonus equal to a multiple of the participants’ monthly contribution is added in line with rates approved by the Inland Revenue (1.6 times for contracts entered into in 2008) and (b) the participant has 6 months in which to exercise the option and purchase ordinary shares at the option price (being the average price per AIB ordinary share, on the London Stock Exchange on the day prior to grant date, less 20% discount); or the participant may withdraw the savings and bonus amount. Options were last granted under this scheme in 2008. The following table summarises activity during 2011, 2010 and 2009 for the SAYE Share Option Scheme UK. Outstanding at 1 January Granted Forfeited/lapsed Exercised Outstanding at 31 December Exercisable at 31 December 2011 2010 Number of options ’000 Weighted Number of options ’000 average exercise price € Weighted Number of options ’000 average exercise price € 2009 Weighted average exercise price € 18.3 - (17.9) - 0.4 0.4 10.84 - 10.52 - 10.13 10.13 35.3 - (17.0) - 18.3 1.7 15.58 - 14.69 - 10.84 17.93 868.1 - (832.8) - 35.3 1.1 10.93 - 10.86 - 15.58 15.77 The Black Scholes option pricing model has been used in estimating the value of the options granted. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility over the three and a half years prior to the grant of the SAYE options. 278 11 Share-based compensation schemes (continued) (iv) AIB Group Performance Share Plan 2005 The following disclosures regarding the AIB Group Performance Share Plan 2005 (‘the Plan’) relate to both AIB Group and to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. The Plan was approved by the shareholders at the 2005 AGM. Conditional grants of awards of ordinary shares are made to employees. These awards vest in full on the third anniversary of the grant if the performance conditions at (a) and (b) below are met: (a) 50% of awards will vest if the growth in the Company’s EPS over the three-year period beginning with the year of grant is not less than the increase in the Irish CPI plus 10% per annum, compounded, over that period; and (b) 50% of awards will vest if: (i) the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) over the period referred to at (a) above relative to the banks in the FTSE Euro first 300 Banks Index (listed in the Rules of the Plan) is such as to position AIB not below the 80th percentile;and (ii) the Remuneration Committee is also satisfied that the recorded TSR is a genuine reflection of the Group’s underlying financial performance during the relevant three consecutive complete financial years. For performance below these levels, the following vesting will apply: - 10% of awards will vest if the growth in the Company’s EPS over the three-year period beginning with the year of grant is not less than the increase in the Irish CPI plus 5% per annum, compounded over that period; - 10% of awards will also vest if the Company’s TSR over the period relative to the peer group at (b)(i) and subject also to the underlying performance conditions at (b)(ii) is not less than the median TSR of that peer group; - Between these levels of performance (i.e. EPS growth over the period of Irish CPI plus more than 5% and up to 10% per annum compounded, and TSR between the median and the 80th percentile) awards will vest on a graduated scale; and - No awards will vest if performance is below the minimum levels stated above. The market value of the shares at the date of the grant in 2008 are used to determine the value of the grants, adjusted to take into account expected vesting, for the part of the award subject to the EPS vesting criteria. In respect of the part of award subject to the TSR vesting criteria, the expense was determined at date of grant taking into account the expected vesting of the shares. The TSR vesting criteria is also subject to an earnings underpin and the income statement expense is adjusted to take into account expected vesting. No conditional grants were outstanding at end of December 2011. The performance conditions relating to the conditional awards of shares granted in 2008 were measured in 2011 over the performance years 2008, 2009 and 2010. In light of which the Remuneration Committee determined that AIB failed to reach the performance conditions required and the outstanding awards of 1,523,326 shares lapsed. There were no awards of performance shares in 2011. The following table summarises the Performance Share activity during 2011, 2010 and 2009. Outstanding at 1 January Granted Vested Lapsed Forfeited Outstanding at 31 December 2011 ’000 1,523.3 - - (1,523.3) - Number of shares 2010 ’000 3,687.3 - - (2,138.0) (26.0) - 1,523.3 2009 ’000 5,307.4 - (187.3) (1,391.8) (41.0) 3,687.3 Income statement expense The total expense arising from share-based payment transactions for continuing operations amounted to Nil in the year ended 31 December 2011 (2010: Nil; 2009: a credit of € 1 million). Limitations on share-based payment schemes The Company complies with guidelines issued by the Irish Association of Investment Managers in relation to shares of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. issued under the above schemes. 279 Notes to the accounts 12 Retirement benefits The Group operates a number of pension and retirement benefit schemes for employees, the majority of which are funded. These include both defined benefit and defined contribution schemes. As a result of the acquisition of EBS on 1 July 2011, the schemes sponsored by EBS are included where appropriate. EBS operates two defined benefit schemes and a hybrid scheme. The hybrid scheme includes elements of a defined benefit scheme and a defined contribution scheme. (i) Defined benefit schemes Of the defined benefit schemes operated by the Group, the most significant are the AIB Group Irish Pension Scheme (‘the Irish scheme’) and the AIB Group UK Pension Scheme (‘the UK scheme’). The Irish scheme and the UK Scheme were closed to new members from December 1997. Staff joining the Group in the Republic of Ireland between December 1997 and December 2007 became members of the Irish Defined Contribution (“DC”) scheme. A hybrid pension arrangement was introduced in Ireland in December 2007 and members of the Irish DC scheme had the option at that time to switch to the hybrid pension arrangement. Staff joining the Group in the Republic of Ireland after December 2007 automatically join the hybrid pension arrangement. Members of the hybrid arrangement become members of the Irish scheme in respect of their basic annual salary up to a certain limit. Those members whose salaries exceed the limit are members of the DC scheme in respect of that part of their basic annual salary above the limit. Approximately 88 per cent. of staff in the Republic of Ireland (excluding EBS staff) are members of the Irish scheme while 50 per cent. of staff in the UK are members of the UK scheme. Retirement benefits for the defined benefit schemes are calculated by reference to service and pensionable salary at normal retirement date. The benefits payable to future retirees of the Irish and UK schemes were amended during 2009. Retirement benefits payable upon retirement will in future be based on the average pensionable salary over the five years before retirement, as opposed to being payable on the level of final salary, subject to a retiree not receiving a pension lower than their current accrued benefit. The effect of this curtailment was a reduction of € 159 million on the liability and a gain to the income statement of €159 million in 2009. In 2011, the benefits payable to future retirees of an unfunded scheme were reduced. This led to the recognition of a curtailment gain to the income statement and a reduction of the liability of € 26 million. Independent actuarial valuations for the main Irish and UK schemes are carried out on a triennial basis by the Group’s actuary, Mercer. The last such valuations were carried out on 30 June 2009 using Projected Unit Methods. The Irish scheme is funded by a normal contribution rate of 16.0 per cent. of pensionable salaries with effect from 1 January 2011. In addition, further payments totalling € 5 million were made into the scheme in 2011 as required by regulation. In 2010, further payments totalling € 199 million were made into the scheme. Members of the Irish scheme contribute 5 per cent. of pensionable salary except for those who do not contribute in return for lower benefits. The Irish Finance (No 2) Bill 2011 which was published on the 19 May 2011 introduced a stamp duty levy of 0.6% on the market value of assets under management in Irish pension schemes, for the years 2011 to 2014 (inclusive). For the years 2012 to 2014 inclusive, the levy is based on the market value of the assets at the 1 January of each year. For 2011, the levy was based on the market value of the assets at the 30 June 2011. A levy of € 16 million was paid in respect of the Irish defined benefit scheme. A levy of € 2 million was paid in respect of the Irish DC scheme. The payment of the levy in respect of the Irish defined benefit scheme was included as part of the actuarial loss on assets in 2011. In 2012, the payment of this levy will be incorporated into the expected return on pension scheme assets. The UK scheme is funded by a normal contribution rate of 30.8 per cent. of pensionable salaries together with quarterly payments of Stg£ 9.7 million from 1 April 2016 increasing by 3.4 per cent. per annum to Stg£ 12.6 million on 1 April 2024. A payment of Stg£ 50.8 million was paid into the UK scheme in December 2010 and a further Stg£ 102 million paid in January 2011. Those sums are part of a schedule of contributions agreed between the Group and the Trustees and accepted by the Pensions Regulator in the United Kingdom. The Group agreed with the Trustees of the Irish scheme as part of the triennial valuation process, that it will fund the deficit over approximately 15 years (UK scheme: 15 years). The total contributions to all the defined benefit pension schemes operated by the Group in 2012 is estimated to be € 97 million. The next actuarial valuations in respect of the Irish and UK schemes are due no later than 30 June 2012. Actuarial valuations are available for inspection by the members of the schemes. 280 12 Retirement benefits (continued) The following table summarises the financial assumptions adopted in the preparation of these financial statements in respect of the main schemes. The assumptions, including the expected long-term rate of return on assets, have been set based upon the advice of the Group’s actuary. Financial assumptions Irish scheme Rate of increase in salaries(1) Rate of increase of pensions in payment Expected return on scheme assets Discount rate Inflation assumptions UK scheme Rate of increase in salaries(1) Rate of increase of pensions in payment Expected return on scheme assets Discount rate Inflation assumptions (RPI) Other schemes Rate of increase in salaries Rate of increase of pensions in payment Expected return on scheme assets Discount rate Inflation assumptions as at 31 December 2010 % 2011 % 3.20 2.00 5.92 5.10 2.00 3.60 3.00 5.20 4.70 3.00 3.20 2.00 6.47 5.60 2.00 3.75 3.40 6.11 5.30 3.40 3.2 - 3.6 0.0 - 3.0 5.5 - 8.0 4.7 - 5.6 3.1 - 4.15 0.0 - 3.4 5.6 - 8.0 5.3 - 6.1 2.0 - 3.0 2.0 - 3.4 (1)The rate of increase in salaries includes the impact of salary scale improvements. Mortality assumptions The mortality assumptions for the Irish and UK schemes were updated in 2009. The life expectancies underlying the value of the scheme liabilities for the Irish and UK schemes at 31 December 2011 and 2010 are shown in the following table. Retiring today age 63 Retiring in 10 years at age 63 Males Females Males Females Life expectancy - years Irish scheme UK scheme 2011 22.5 25.6 25.5 28.6 2010 22.5 25.6 25.5 28.6 2011 24.6 26.9 25.7 28.2 2010 24.7 27.0 25.6 28.0 281 Notes to the accounts 12 Retirement benefits (continued) Sensitivity analysis for principal assumptions used to measure scheme liabilities There are inherent uncertainties surrounding the financial assumptions adopted in calculating the actuarial valuation of the AIB Group Pension Schemes. Set out in the table below is a sensitivity analysis for the key assumptions for the Irish scheme and the UK scheme. Note that the change in assumptions are independent of each other i.e. the effect of the reflected change in the discount rate assumes that there has been no change in the rate of mortality assumption and vice versa. Assumption Inflation Salary growth Discount rate Change in assumption Impact on scheme liabilities Increase by 0.25% Increase by 0.25% Increase by 0.25% Irish scheme Increase by 3.2% Increase by 1.6% Decrease by 4.8% Increase by 2.1% UK scheme Increase by 4.9% Increase by 1.1% Decrease by 6.0% Increase by 2.5% Rate of mortality Increase life expectancy by 1 year The following tables set out on a combined basis for all schemes, the fair value of the assets held by the schemes together with the long-term rate of return expected for each class of asset for the Group and for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. The expected rates of return on individual asset classes are estimated using current and projected economic and market factors at the measurement date in consultation with the Group’s actuaries. Group Equities Bonds Property Cash/other Total market value of assets Actuarial value of liabilities of funded schemes Deficit in the funded schemes Unfunded deferred benefit obligation Net pension deficit Long term rate of return expected % 7.0 3.1 5.5 4.2 5.7 2011 Scheme assets % 62 27 5 6 100 Value € m 2,325 1,035 204 235 3,799 (4,529) (730)(1) (33) (763) Long term rate of return expected % 7.5 4.2 6.0 3.5 6.5 2010 Scheme assets % 67 18 6 9 100 Value € m 2,358 657 210 314 3,539 (3,883) (344)(1) (56) (400) (1)Of which € 754 million deficit relates to the Irish scheme, € 69 million surplus relates to the UK scheme, € 28 million deficit relates to the EBS schemes and € 17 million deficit relates to other schemes (2010: € 284 million deficit relates to the Irish scheme, € 51 million deficit relates to the UK scheme and € 9 million deficit relates to other schemes). 282 12 Retirement benefits (continued) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Equities Bonds Property Cash/other Total market value of assets Actuarial value of liabilities of funded schemes Deficit in the funded schemes Unfunded deferred benefit obligation Net pension deficit Long term rate of return expected % 6.9 3.1 5.4 4.5 5.9 2011 Scheme assets % 67 18 7 8 Value € m 1,758 469 186 215 2,628 100 (3,389) (761)(1) (33) (794) Long term rate of return expected % 7.5 4.0 6.0 3.5 6.5 2010 Scheme assets % 68 14 7 11 100 Value € m 1,838 380 194 292 2,704 (2,990) (286)(1) (56) (342) (1)Of which € 754 million deficit relates to the Irish scheme and € 7 million deficit relates to other schemes (2010: € 284 million relates to the Irish scheme; € 2 million relates to other schemes). At 31 December 2011,the Group pension scheme assets included AIB shares amounting to Nil (2010: € 1 million). For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. this amounted to Nil (2010: € 1 million). Included in the actuarial value of the liabilities is an amount in respect of commitments to pay annual pensions amounting to € 109,813 (2010: € 109,813) in aggregate to a number of former directors. The following table sets out the components of the defined benefit expense for each of the three years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. Included in administrative expenses: Current service cost Past service cost Expected return on pension scheme assets Interest on pension scheme liabilities Curtailment Cost of providing defined retirement benefits 2011 € m 70 3 (235) 217 (26) 29 2010 € m 69 4 (215) 214 - 72 Group 2009 € m 91 2 (189) 211 (159) (44) The actual return on scheme assets during the year ended 31 December 2011 was € 2 million (2010: € 328 million; 2009: € 339 million). Movement in defined benefit obligation during the year Defined benefit obligation at beginning of year Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Acquisition during the year Current service cost Past service cost Interest cost Contributions by employees Actuarial losses Benefits paid Curtailment Translation adjustment on non-euro schemes 2011 € m 3,939 - 126 70 3 217 18 301 (119) (26) 33 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 3,653 (29) - 69 4 214 14 110 (124) - 28 3,046 - - 55 3 167 16 252 (93) (26) 2 2,826 - - 52 4 167 13 88 (105) - 1 Defined benefit obligation at end of year 4,562 3,939 3,422 3,046 283 Notes to the accounts 12 Retirement benefits (continued) Movement in the scheme assets during the year Fair value of scheme assets at beginning of year Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Acquisition during the year Expected return(1) Actuarial gains and (losses) Contributions by employer Contributions by employees Benefits paid Translation adjustment on non-euro schemes Fair value of scheme assets at end of year (1)Includes payment of pension levy. 2011 € m 3,539 - 109 235 (233) 216 18 (119) 34 3,799 Analysis of the amount recognised in the statement of comprehensive income Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets Experience gains and losses on scheme liabilities Changes in demographic and financial assumptions Actuarial gain recognised Deferred tax Recognised in the consolidated statement of 2011 € m (233) 31 (332) (534) 70 2010 € m 113 107 (217) 3 (2) Group 2010 € m 2,939 (16) - 215 113 375 14 (124) 23 3,539 Group 2009 € m 150 122 (92) 180 (6) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 2,704 2,261 - - 174 (248) 73 16 (93) 2 2,628 - - 167 73 293 13 (105) 2 2,704 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2009 € m 2010 € m 2011 € m (248) 24 (276) (500) 64 73 85 (173) (15) 3 114 64 115 293 (37) comprehensive income(1) (464) 1 174 (436) (12) 256 (1)The Group’s share of recognised (losses)/gains in associated undertakings, in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income includes an actuarial gain of € 4 million for the year ended 31 December 2011 (2010: an actuarial loss of € 13 million; 2009: an actuarial gain of € 9 million) (note 47). History of experience gains and losses Difference between expected and actual return on scheme assets: Amount Percentage of scheme assets Experience gains and losses on scheme liabilities: Amount Percentage of scheme liabilities Total gross amount recognised in SOCI(1): Amount Percentage of scheme liabilities (1)Statement of comprehensive income Defined benefit pension schemes Funded defined benefit obligation Scheme assets Deficit within funded schemes Unfunded defined benefit obligation Deficit within schemes 284 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m 2008 € m (233) 6% 31 1% (534) 12% 2011 € m 4,529 3,799 730 33 763 113 3% 107 3% 3 0% 2010 € m 3,883 3,539 344 56 400 150 5% 122 3% 180 5% 2009 € m 3,595 2,939 656 58 714 (1,367) 55% (51) 1% (807) 22% 2008 € m 3,548 2,499 1,049 56 1,105 Group 2007 € m (212) 6% (32) 1% 470 11% 2007 € m 4,062 3,693 369 54 423 12 Retirement benefits (continued) History of experience gains and losses Difference between expected and actual return on scheme assets: Amount Percentage of scheme assets Experience gains and losses on scheme liabilities: Amount Percentage of scheme liabilities Total gross amount recognised in SOCI(1): Amount Percentage of scheme liabilities (1) Statement of comprehensive income. Defined benefit pension schemes Funded defined benefit obligation Plan assets Deficit within funded plans Unfunded defined benefit obligation Deficit within schemes 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2007 € m 2008 € m (248) 9% 24 1% (500) 15% 2011 € m 3,389 2,628 761 33 794 73 3% 85 3% (15) 1% 2010 € m 2,990 2,704 286 56 342 114 5% 64 2% 293 10% 2009 € m 2,777 2,261 516 49 565 (1,208) 62% (54) 2% (812) 27% 2008 € m 2,928 1,941 987 48 1,035 (219) 8% (36) 1% 361 11% 2007 € m 3,128 2,916 212 41 253 (ii) Defined contribution schemes The Group operates a number of defined contribution schemes. The defined benefit schemes in Ireland and the UK were closed to new members from December 1997. Employees joining after December 1997 joined on a defined contribution basis. Members of the DC scheme were offered the option to join the hybrid arrangement when it was introduced in December 2007. The standard contribution rate to the DC scheme was 8 per cent. during 2011 and 10 per cent. in respect of the defined contribution elements of the hybrid arrangement. Staff joining in the UK from 1 January 2009 are eligible to become members of a new enhanced UK defined contribution scheme. Existing members of the UK defined contribution scheme were also given the opportunity to join the enhanced scheme. The enhanced scheme has employer contributions ranging from 5 per cent. to 20 per cent., increasing as the employee gets older. The member contribution rate also increases with age. All members of the UK defined contribution scheme are also accruing benefits under S2P (the UK State Second Pension). The total cost in respect of the DC scheme, the EBS defined contribution schemes and the UK defined contribution schemes for 2011 was € 12 million (2010: € 13 million; 2009: € 16 million). For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., the total cost amounted to € 6 million (2010: € 6 million; 2009: € 9 million), all of which relates to continuing operations. The cost in respect of defined contributions is included in administrative expenses (note 10). (iii) Long-term disability payments AIB provide an additional benefit to employees who suffer prolonged periods of sickness. It provides for the partial replacement of income in event of illness or injury resulting in the employee’s long term absence from work. In 2011, the Group contributed € 7 million (2010: € 7 million; 2009: € 8 million) towards insuring this benefit. This amount is included in administrative expenses (note 10). 285 Notes to the accounts 13 Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Debt securities (note 34) Equity securities (note 34) 2011 € m 164 119 283 2010 € m 56 18 74 2009 € m 20 4 24 14 (Loss)/profit on disposal of property 2011 The sale of properties which were surplus to business requirements gave rise to a loss on disposal of € 1 million relating to continuing operations. There were no sale and leaseback transactions completed during 2011. 2010 The sale of properties which were surplus to business requirements gave rise to a profit on disposal of € 1 million relating to continuing operations. In addition, the Group continued with its sale and leaseback programme announced in 2006 and 29 properties were sold giving rise to a profit before tax of € 45 million (€ 33 million after tax) reported within continuing operations. The leases qualify as operating leases and the commitments in respect of the operating lease rentals (initial rent payable € 11 million per annum) are included in note 65 Commitments, operating lease rentals. There were no sales recorded within discontinued operations. 2009 The sale of properties which were surplus to business requirements gave rise to a profit on disposal of € 2 million relating to continuing operations. In addition, the Group continued with its sale and leaseback programme announced in 2006 and 15 properties were sold giving rise to a profit before tax of € 21 million (€ 17 million after tax) reported within continuing operations. The leases qualify as operating leases and the commitments in respect of the operating lease rentals (initial rent payable € 2 million per annum) are included in note 65 Commitments, operating lease rentals. There were no sales recorded within discontinued operations. 15 Profit/(loss) on disposal of businesses 2011 On 30 June 2011, AIB announced that it had signed an agreement to sell its investment in AIB International Financial Services Limited and related companies. AIB’s investment was derecognised at 30 November 2011, following regulatory approval for the disposal. This has resulted in a profit of € 27 million before tax (tax charge: Nil). The Group also completed the disposal of an offshore subsidiary AIB Jerseytrust Limited on 30 September 2011. This disposal resulted in a profit before tax of € 10 million (tax charge: Nil). The Group received an additional € 1 million consideration which had been deferred in 2010 on the disposal of Goodbody Holdings Limited. 2010 On 20 September 2010, AIB announced that it had signed an agreement to sell its investment in Goodbody Holdings Limited and related companies. AIB’s investment was derecognised at 31 December 2010, following the sale becoming unconditional. This has resulted in a loss of € 11 million before tax (tax charge: Nil). 2009 There were no disposals of businesses during the year ended 31 December 2009. 286 16 Auditor’s Fees The disclosure of Auditor’s fees are in accordance with (SI 220)(1) which mandates the disclosure of fees in particular categories and that fees paid to the Group Auditor only (KPMG Ireland) for services to the parent company and Group be disclosed in this format. All years presented are on that basis. Auditor’s fees (excluding VAT): Audit Other assurance services Taxation advisory services Other non-audit services 2011 € m 2.3 1.0 0.3 - 3.6 2010 € m 2.7 2.2 0.2 0.1 5.2 2009 € m 2.7 1.7 0.3 0.1 4.8 The above amounts relate to auditor’s remuneration with respect to the parent company. Other amounts paid to the Group Auditor (KPMG Ireland) for services provided to other Group companies are: audit of € 100,000 (2010: € 110,000; 2009: € 110,000); other assurance services of € 113,510 (2010: € 53,250; 2009: € 236,600); taxation advisory services of € 10,750 (2010: € 9,950; 2009: € 89,060); and other non-audit services of Nil (2010: Nil; 2009: Nil). Other assurance services include fees for additional assurance issued by the firm outside of the audit of the statutory financial statements of the Group and subsidiaries. These fees include assignments where the Auditor, in Ireland, provides assurance to third parties. The Group policy on the provision of non-audit services to the parent and its subsidiary companies includes the prohibition on the provision of certain services and the pre-approval by the Audit Committee of the engagement of the Auditor for non-audit work. The Audit Committee has reviewed the level of non-audit services fees and is satisfied that it has not affected the independence of the Auditor. It is Group policy to subject all large consultancy assignments to competitive tender, where appropriate. Auditor’s fees outside of Ireland (excluding VAT): (1)SI 220 is titled the European Communities (Statutory Audits) (Directive 2006/43/EC) Regulations 2010. 2011 € m 1.0 2010 € m 2.4 2009 € m 2.0 287 Notes to the accounts 17 Income tax income Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and subsidiaries Corporation tax in Republic of Ireland Current tax on income for the year Adjustments in respect of prior years Double taxation relief Foreign tax Current tax on income for the year Adjustments in respect of prior years Deferred taxation Origination and reversal of temporary differences Adjustments in respect of prior years Total income tax income Effective income tax rate 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m (4) 1 (3) - (3) (24) (13) (37) (40) (6) (8) (14) (2) (16) 30 (10) 20 4 (1,167) 19 (1,148) (1,188) (1,709) (5) (1,714) (1,710) (34) (4) (38) (2) (40) 53 (12) 41 1 (361) (13) (374) (373) 23.3% 14.2% 14.0% Factors affecting the effective income tax rate The effective income tax rate for 2011 is higher (2010 lower and 2009 higher) than the weighted average of the Group’s statutory corporation tax rates across its geographic locations. The differences are explained in the following table. Weighted average corporation tax rate(1) Effects of: Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Exempted income, income at reduced rates and tax credits Income taxed at higher rates Deferred tax assets not recognised/reversal of amounts previously not recognised Other differences(3) Tax on associated undertakings Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous years Effective income tax rate 2011 % 16.8 (0.3) 7.9(2) (0.7) 0.3 (0.6) - (0.1) 23.3 2010 % 14.4 (0.1) 0.3 (0.2) - (0.5) 0.1 0.2 14.2 2009 % 9.6 (0.9) 5.9 (0.2) - (1.4) (0.1) 1.1 14.0 (1)The change in the weighted average corporation tax rate was driven by significantly increased tax losses in the UK and USA tax jurisdictions compared to previous years. (2)Exempted income substantially relates to the gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (note 7) and the profit on disposal of BZWBK (note 18). (3)At 31 December 2011, € 52 million related to a change in the UK tax rate (31 December 2010: € 10 million; 31 December 2009: Nil). ` 288 18 Discontinued operations Arising from the Prudential Capital Assessment Review (“PCAR”) 2010 requirement to raise additional capital, the Group announced on 30 March 2010 that its investments in AIB Group (UK), BZWBK and M&T Bank Corporation were for sale. Subsequently, Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD (“BACB”) was also included in the investments to be disposed. However, in the light of continuing challenging market conditions, AIB announced on 19 November 2010 that it had decided to halt the sale process of its UK business and to undertake a strategic review of this business in the context of reviewing AIB’s overall businesses. The disposal of M&T Bank Corporation was completed on 4 November 2010. This transaction led to a loss on disposal of € 231 million. The sale of BZWBK was agreed on 10 September 2010 subject to regulatory approval and completed on 1 April 2011 and the sale of BACB completed on 17 June 2011. The following tables set out income statement analysis of discontinued operations for 31 December 2011 together with comparative data: Profit after taxation from discontinued operations BZWBK M&T Bank Corporation Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD Total Notes (A) (B) (C) 2011 € m 1,628 - - 1,628 2010 € m 254 5 (60) 199 2009 € m 214 (156) (103) (45) (A) - BZWBK On 1 April 2011, AIB completed the sale of its entire shareholding of 51,413,790 BZWBK shares representing 70.36% of its share capital and its 50% shareholding in BZWBK Asset Management. The proceeds of the sale amounted to € 3.1 billion giving rise to a profit on disposal of € 1.5 billion which is recorded in the income statement as set out below. BZWBK has been treated as a discontinued business, the results of which are set out below to the disposal date 1 April 2011. Prior to classification as held for sale, BZWBK was accounted for as a subsidiary undertaking. Profit from discontinued operations Net interest income Dividend income Net fee and commission income Net trading income Other operating income Other income Total operating income Total operating expenses Operating profit before provisions Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables and other financial instruments Provisions for liabilities and commitments Operating profit Profit before taxation from discontinued operations Income tax expense from discontinued operations Profit after taxation from discontinued operations Loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less cost to sell(1) Profit on disposal(2) Profit for the period after taxation from discontinued operations To date of disposal 1 April 2011 € m 126 - 86 9 5 100 226 103 123 24 - 99 99 17 82 - 1,546 1,628 2010 2009 € m 443 14 324 69 (4) 403 846 412 434 105 - 329 329 72 257 (3) - 254 € m 361 22 309 51 10 392 753 375 378 113 - 265 265 51 214 - - 214 € 1,608 million of the profit from discontinued operations of € 1,628 million (2010: € 184 million of the profit from discontinued operations of € 254 million) is attributable to the owners of the parent. 289 Notes to the accounts 18 Discontinued operations (continued) Profit on disposal of BZWBK Gross proceeds from sale Less: costs of disposal Net proceeds Carrying value at date of disposal Reclassification of currency translation reserves to the income statement Reclassification of available for sale and cash flow hedging reserves to the income statement (net of deferred tax) Profit on disposal(2) (1)Relates to impairment of intangible assets. (2)No tax charge arises on this disposal. 1 April 2011 € m 3,112 (13) 3,099 1,722(3) 1,377 106 63 1,546 (3)The carrying value of € 1,722 million at the date of disposal reflects third party assets of € 2,293 million (adjusted for intercompany liabilities due by BZWBK amounting to € 58 million) and non-controlling interests of € 513 million (note 53). Effect of disposal on cash flows of the Group Consideration received satisfied in cash less: costs of disposal Cash and cash equivalents disposed (note 60) Net cash inflow 2011 € m 3,112 (13) (673) 2,426 290 18 Discontinued operations (continued) The table below sets out the assets and liabilities of BZWBK at disposal date 1 April 2011 (excluding intergroup balances): Assets Cash and balances at central banks Trading portfolio financial assets Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers Financial investments available for sale Financial investments held to maturity Interests in associated undertakings Intangible assets and goodwill Property, plant and equipment Other assets Deferred taxation Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Trading portfolio financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Current taxation Other liabilities Accruals and deferred income Retirement benefit liabilities Provisions for liabilities and commitments Subordinated liabilities Total liabilities 1 April 2011 € m 31 December 2010 € m 311 578 2 95 365 8,125 1,890 1,391 18 496 161 137 76 129 638 446 2 113 132 8,230 1,892 1,411 18 504 161 97 76 100 13,774 13,820 713 10,105 7 121 4 318 99 10 6 98 11,481 550 10,496 2 115 21 133 114 10 6 99 11,546 291 Notes to the accounts 18 Discontinued operations (continued) (B) - M&T Bank Corporation On 4 November 2010, AIB completed the disposal of 26,700,000 shares of common stock of M&T Bank Corporation. The proceeds from the sale amounted to US$ 77.50 per share, or total proceeds of € 1,467 million, after costs. M&T was previously accounted for as an interest in associated undertakings. Profit from discontinued operations Share of profits from associated undertakings net of tax(1) Reversal of impairment/(impairment) of associated undertakings Results from discontinued operations, net of taxation Loss on the disposal of investment in associated undertakings Income tax on loss on disposal Profit after taxation for the period from discontinued operations 2010 € m 23 213 236 (231) - 5 2009 € m 44 (200) (156) - - (156) The profit from discontinued operations in 2010 of € 5 million (2009: loss of € 156 million) is attributable to the owners of the parent. (1)The tax charge in 2010 amounted to € 11 million (2009: € 16 million) Effect of disposal on cash flows of the Group Consideration received - satisfied in cash Cash and cash equivalents disposed Net cash inflow Loss on disposal of M&T Bank Corporation Gross proceeds from sale Less: costs of disposal Net proceeds Carrying value at 1 January Exchange adjustments Share of results Reversal of impairment Other reserve movements Carrying value at date of disposal Underlying loss on disposal Reclassification of currency translation reserves into the income statement Reclassification of available for sale reserves into the income statement Loss on disposal of investment 2010 € m 1,487 - 1,487 2010 € m 1,487 20 1,467 1,282 37 23 213 (26) 1,529 (62) (157) (12) (231) The loss on disposal of the investment in M&T includes € 157 million from the reclassification of exchange translation adjustments from foreign currency translation reserves to the income statement. 292 18 Discontinued operations (continued) (C) - Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD Loss from discontinued operations Share of profits from associated undertakings net of tax(1) Impairment of associated undertakings Results from discontinued operations, net of taxation Loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell Income tax on loss on the remeasurement to fair value Profit/(loss) on disposal(2) Loss after taxation for the period from discontinued operations To date of disposal 17 June 2011 € m - - - - - - - 2010 € m 2 (12) (10) (50) - - (60) The loss from discontinued operations of Nil (December 2010 loss of: € 60 million; December 2009 loss of: € 103 million) is attributable to the owners of the parent. (1)There was no tax charge for the years ended 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 (2009: € 1 million). (2)At 31 December 2010, the investment in BACB was written down to Nil. On 16 May 2011, the Group announced that it had signed an agreement to sell its 49.99% shareholding in Bulgarian-American Credit Bank AD. The sale completed on 17 June 2011 resulting in a gain of € 0.1 million. 19 Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries The profit attributable to non-controlling interests is analysed as follows: Continuing operations: other equity interest in subsidiaries (note 49) Discontinued operations: ordinary share interest in subsidiaries 2011 € m - 20 20 2010 € m - 70 70 2009 € m 5 (108) (103) - - - (103) 2009 € m 20 59 79 There were no distributions paid in 2011 and 2010 on the perpetual preferred securities. A distribution of € 20 million was paid in June 2009 in conjunction with the redemption of € 801 million of the € 1 billion perpetual preferred securities. The outstanding amount of € 189 million was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). 293 Notes to the accounts 20 (Loss)/earnings per share The calculation of basic earnings per unit of ordinary/convertible non-voting (“CNV”) shares is based on the profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders divided by the weighted average of ordinary/CNV shares in issue, excluding treasury shares and own shares held. The diluted earnings per share is based on the profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders divided by the weighted average ordinary/CNV shares in issue excluding treasury shares and own shares held, adjusted for the effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares. (a) Basic Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent from continuing operations Distributions to other equity holders (note 21) Gain on redemption of RCI and LPI recognised in equity (note 7) Loss attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m (3,920) (10,361) (2,309) - 344 - - (44) 538 from continuing operations (3,576) (10,361) (1,815) Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders from discontinued operations 1,608 129 (104) Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year Weighted average number of CNV shares in issue during the year Contingently issuable shares Weighted average number of shares Number of shares (millions) 226,533.5 2,787.7 1,023.8 258.7 599.9(2) 531.7(1) 229,921.1 1,814.2 880.6 - 11.5 892.1 Loss per share from continuing operations - basic EUR (1.6c) EUR (571.1c) EUR (203.5c) Earnings/(loss) per share from discontinued operations - basic EUR 0.7c EUR 7.1c EUR (11.7c) 294 20 (Loss)/earnings per share (continued) (b) Diluted Loss attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders from continuing operations (note 20 (a)) Dilutive effect of CCNs’ interest charge Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders from discontinued operations 2011 € m 2010 € m 2009 € m (3,576) (10,361) (1,815) - 1,608 - 129 (1,968) (10,232) - (104) (1,919) Adjusted loss attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders from continuing operations (3,576) (10,361) (1,815) Adjusted profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary/CNV shareholders from discontinued operations 1,608 129 (104) Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year Weighted average number of CNV shares in issue during the year Dilutive effect of options and warrants outstanding Dilutive effect of CCNs Contingently issuable shares Potential weighted average number of shares Number of shares (millions) 226,533.5 2,787.7 - - 1,023.8 258.7 - - 599.9(2) 531.7(1) 229,921.1 1,814.2 880.6 - - - 11.5 892.1 Loss per share from continuing operations - diluted EUR (1.6c) EUR (571.1c) EUR (203.5c) Earnings/(loss) per share from discontinued operations - diluted EUR 0.7c EUR 7.1c EUR (11.7c) (a) On 23 December 2010, AIB issued 675,107,845 ordinary shares and 10,489,899,564 CNV shares to the NPRFC. The CNV shares ranked equally with the ordinary shares in terms of dividend payment and converted into ordinary shares on a one to one basis on 8 April 2011. (b) On 27 July 2011, AIB issued 500 billion ordinary shares to the NPRFC. (c) Bonus shares in lieu of the dividend on the 2009 Preference Shares were issued to the NPRFC in both 2011 and 2010, amounting to 1,247,273,565 and 198,089,847 shares respectively, details of which are set out below. The bonus shares have been included in the weighted average number of shares in issue prospectively from the date of issue as they represent a dilution of earnings per share from that date. (d) The incremental shares from assumed conversion of options and warrants are not included in calculating the diluted per share amounts because they are anti-dilutive. Outstanding warrants were cancelled 23 December 2010 and are no longer included in calculating the diluted earnings per share. (e) In July 2011, AIB issued € 1.6 billion in convertible capital notes (“CCNs”). These notes are mandatorily redeemable and will convert to AIB ordinary shares at a conversion price of € 0.01 per share (note 45) if the Core Tier 1 capital ratio breaches 8.25%.These incremental shares have not been included in calculating the diluted per share amounts because they are anti-dilutive. Both the ordinary and CNV shares are included in the weighted average number of shares on a time apportioned basis. (1)Contingently issuable shares were treated as outstanding from 14 December 2009, the date the ‘Dividend Stopper’ came into effect (note 56(h)). The shares relate to the number of shares (on a time apportioned basis) that would issue to the National Pension Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”), if the annual coupon on the € 3.5 billion Preference Shares was not paid in cash. These contingently issuable shares were issued on 13 May 2010. (2)The dividend stopper remained in force throughout 2010, accordingly, contingently issuable shares have been treated as outstanding from 13 May 2010 in respect of the dividend payment due on 13 May 2011. This dividend was satisfied through bonus shares, 484,902,878 of which were issued on 13 May 2011, leaving a residual of 762,370,687 which were issued in July 2011. Accordingly, 484,902,878 were treated as contingently issuable for the period up to 13 May 2011, with 724,252,152 being contingently issuable up to 26 July 2011. In addition, 38,118,535 contingently issuable shares have been included from 13 May to 26 July 2011 as the full issue of shares was not satisfied on the due date (note 46). 295 Notes to the accounts 21 Distributions to other equity holders Distributions to other equity holders are recognised in equity when declared by the Board of Directors. In 2011, the distribution on the € 500 million Reserve Capital Instruments (“RCIs”) amounted to Nil as the dividend stopper as set out in note 56 precluded the payment of distributions on the RCI (2010: Nil; 2009: € 44 million). Included in 2009, is a coupon of € 6 million which was paid in June 2009 in conjunction with the redemption of € 258 million of the RCI. The outstanding amount of € 239 million of the RCI was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (notes 7 and 49). 22 Distributions on equity shares No dividends were paid on ordinary shares in 2011, 2010 or 2009. 296 23 Transfer of business from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation On 24 February 2011, AIB announced that it had agreed, pursuant to a transfer order issued by the High Court (under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010), the transfer of deposits and NAMA senior bonds from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (‘Anglo’) to AIB. AIB also announced the transfer to AIB by way of a share sale of Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (International) PLC in the Isle of Man (‘Anglo IOM’), which included customer deposits. In total, € 6.9 billion in deposits and € 11.9 billion in NAMA senior bonds (nominal value € 12.2 billion) transferred. In addition, a further € 1.6 billion in deposits were held in Anglo IOM. A net capital contribution of € 1.5 billion was generated on the date of the transaction. Transferred deposits will continue to receive protection under the various Irish Government guarantee schemes that are already in place in respect of such deposits. This transaction between AIB and Anglo, both of which are under the common control of the Irish Government, is a transfer of a business (as defined by IFRS 3). In line with the Group accounting policy for transfer of a business under common control, this acquisition is accounted for at carrying value. Management estimates that had Anglo IOM been consolidated from 1 January 2011, it would have contributed € 2 million of additional revenue and Nil of additional profits before taxation to the Group. The key elements of the transfer are: Identifiable assets acquired at carrying value NAMA senior bonds (note 33) Accrued interest on NAMA senior bonds Anglo IOM net assets Amounts due from Anglo Identifiable liabilities acquired at carrying value Deposits(1) Total AIB net cash payment Net capital contribution(2) (1)Included within customer accounts (note 41). (2)The net capital contribution is recorded in the statement of changes in equity. The statement of financial position of Anglo IOM at the date of acquisition is set out in the following table: Assets Loans and receivables to banks(1) Loans and receivables to customers Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by banks(2) Customer accounts Current taxation Accruals and deferred income Total liabilities Share capital Retained profits Shareholders’ equity Total shareholders’ equity and liabilities (1)Includes balances with Anglo group companies of € 1,113 million. (2)Includes balances with Anglo group companies of € 37 million. At date of acquisition € m 11,854 55 180 56 (6,868) 5,277 3,779 1,498 5,277 31 January 2011 € m 1,713 75 1 1,789 37 1,570 1 1 1,609 158 22 180 1,789 297 Notes to the accounts 24 Acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) On 31 March 2011, the Minister for Finance proposed the combination of AIB and EBS to form one of the two pillar banks in the Republic of Ireland. On 26 May 2011, AIB entered into an agreement with EBS, the Minister for Finance and the NTMA to acquire 100% of the share capital of EBS for a nominal consideration of €1. The acquisition completed on 1 July 2011 and EBS was consolidated into the AIB Group financial statements with effect from 1 July 2011. As part of the transaction EBS was demutualised and was issued a banking licence. EBS, which has been renamed ‘EBS Limited’,will now operate as a fully licensed, wholly-owned subsidiary of AIB, with its own branch network. The principal activities of EBS involve the provision of mortgage lending, savings, investments and insurance arrangement services to customers. Both AIB and EBS are under the common control of the Irish Government, therefore, the acquisition has been accounted for as a common control transaction under the carrying value basis in accordance with AIB Group accounting policy. The result of the transaction is recognised in equity as arising from a transaction with shareholders. The carrying value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as at the acquisition date are as follows: Assets Cash and balances at central banks Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers Financial investments available for sale NAMA senior bonds Intangible assets and goodwill Property, plant and equipment Other assets Current taxation Deferred taxation Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Deferred taxation Other liabilities Provisions for liabilities and commitments Accruals and deferred income Retirement benefit liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Notes 28 29 30 34 33 37 38 40 41 28 42 39 12 EBS acquisition value(1) as at 1 July 2011 € m 176 34 81 384 15,989 1,965 301 21 42 22 5 158 42 19,220 4,545 10,060 156 3,410 10 58 14 208 17 18,478 742 The net assets amount of € 742 million is reflected as a capital contribution in Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.’s separate financial statements. In the Group’s financial statements, the capital contribution amounts to € 777 million, a difference of € 35 million to that recognised at parent company level.This difference arises from the cross holdings of investments between AIB and EBS which are eliminated at a consolidated Group level. Acquisition related costs of € 0.4 million have been included in operating expenses. (1)AIB accounting policies have been applied to EBS balances at 30 June 2011. 298 24 Acquisition of EBS Limited(“EBS”) (continued) Contingent liabilities and commitments At 1 July 2011, EBS had undrawn lending commitments of € 194 million. Contribution from date of acquisition Management estimates that had EBS been consolidated from 1 January 2011, it would have contributed € 531 million of additional revenue and € 31 million of additional losses before taxation to the Group. Cashflows in respect of EBS acquisition The aggregate net inflow of cash on acquisition of EBS was € 359 million net of transaction costs of € 0.4 million. For additional information on EBS, please refer to note 73 - ‘Investments in Group undertakings’. 299 Notes to the accounts 25 Financial assets and financial liabilities held for sale to NAMA On 7 April 2009, the Minister for Finance announced the Government’s intention to establish a National Asset Management Agency (“NAMA”) and on 22 November 2009, the NAMA Act was enacted providing for the establishment of NAMA. The participation of AIB in the NAMA programme was approved by shareholders at an Extraordinary General Meeting held on 23 December 2009. The following table provides an analysis of assets classified as held for sale to NAMA at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010: Loans and receivables(1) Derivative financial instruments Accrued income Group Assets 2011 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Assets 2011 € m - - - - - - - - Group Assets 2010 € m 1,919 15 3 1,937 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Assets 2010 € m 575 1 2 578 (1)Net of provisions of € 329 million (Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.: € 137 million). The following tables provide a movement analysis of loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA: Gross loans and receivables € m 2,248 74 (13) (1,790) (519) - - Impairment provisions Group Carrying value € m 329 40 (7) (570) 121 87 - € m 1,919 34 (6) (1,220) (640) (87) - Gross loans and receivables € m 712 - (1) (573) (138) - - Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Carrying value Impairment provisions € m 137 - (1) (309) 139 34 - € m 575 - - (264) (277) (34) - At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(2) Exchange translation adjustments Transferred to NAMA during 2011 Reclassification in/out and other movements(3) Impairment charge during 2011 At 31 December 2011 (2)Acquired on acquisition of EBS (note 24). (3)Includes changes in eligible loans and receivables transferring during 2011, along with movements in the number of loans and receivables within the eligible pool. At 1 January 2010 Exchange translation adjustments Transferred to NAMA during 2010 Reclassification in/out and other movements(3) Impairment charge during 2010 At 31 December 2010 Gross loans and receivables € m 23,195 135 (18,245) (2,837) - 2,248 Impairment provisions € m 4,165 6 (4,569) (770) 1,497 329 Group Carrying value € m 19,030 129 (13,676) (2,067) (1,497) 1,919 Gross loans and receivables € m 19,757 20 (17,285) (1,780) - 712 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Carrying value Impairment provisions € m 3,930 - (4,502) (635) 1,344 137 € m 15,827 20 (12,783) (1,145) (1,344) 575 (3)Includes changes in threshold for NAMA eligible loans during 2010, along with movements in the number of loans and receivables within the eligible pool. The unwind of the discount on the carrying amount of impaired loans amounted to € 5 million (2010: € 122 million) and is included in the carrying value of loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA. This has been credited to interest income. 300 26 Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale At 31 December 2011, disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale comprise non-current assets and non-current liabilities held for sale. These mainly include loans and receivables, but also included within this caption are the Group’s investments in (a) AIB Investments Managers Limited; (b) AmCredit; and (c) Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited (“ALH”). Arising from the results of the PCAR/PLAR in March 2011, AIB is required to dispose of non-core financial assets (note 56(f)). Accordingly, certain assets are classified as held for sale at 31 December 2011. These assets do not constitute a major line of business or a geographical area of operations. At 31 December 2010, discontinued operations were included within this caption and comprised BZWBK and Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD. Disposal groups and non-current assets/liabilities are shown as single line items in the statement of financial position with no re-presentation of comparatives. An analysis of the components of these single line items are set out below: Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Loans and receivables(1) Associated undertakings(2) Other Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD(6) Assets € m 1,191 196 35(3) 1,422 - - - Total disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale 1,422 Group Liabilities € m 2011 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Liabilities € m Assets € m - - 3(4) 3 - - - 3 1,129 12 28(3) 1,169 - - - 1,169 - - 1 1 - - - 1 Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Loans and receivables(1) Other Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD(6) Total disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Assets € m 74 17(3) 91 13,820 - 13,820 13,911 Group Liabilities € m - 2(4) 2 11,546 - 11,546 11,548 2010 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Liabilities Assets € m € m 74 10(3) 84 - - - 84 - 2 2 - - - 2 (1)Loans and receivables held for sale amount to € 1,191 million net of provisions of € 9 million (2010: € 74 million net of provisions of € 12 million). Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. loans and receivables held for sale amount to € 1,129 million net of provisions of € 9 million (2010: € 74 million net of provisions of € 12 million). Within this caption, € 1,184 million relates to loans and receivables to customers and € 7 million relates to banks (2010: customers € 62 million; banks € 12 million). Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 1,122 million relates to loans and receivables to customers and € 7 million relates to banks (2010: customers € 62 million; banks € 2 million). Sales are expected to complete within 1 year, with sales agreements already signed for a significant amount of the portfolio. (2)The Group’s investment in ALH was held for sale at 31 December 2011 (note 36). (3)Includes repossessed assets: € 4 million; unquoted equities: € 22 million; AIB Investment Managers’ assets: € 4 million (2010: repossessed assets: € 12 million). Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. AIB Investment Managers € 23 million, repossessed assets € 3 million (2010: repossessed assets € 5 million). (4)Liabilities of € 3 million (2010: € 2 million) include deposits from banks € 1 million (2010: € 2 million) and accrued fees € 2 million (2010: Nil). Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. deposits from banks € 1 million (2010: € 2 million). (5)On 1 April 2011, AIB completed the sale of its entire shareholding of 51,413,790 BZWBK shares representing 70.36% of its share capital and its 50% shareholding in BZWBK Asset Management (note 18). (6)The carrying value of AIB’s investment in Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD had been written down to Nil at 31 December 2010 (note 18). This operation was disposed of on 17 June 2011. Further details on provisions for impairment of loans and receivables held for sale are set out in note 32. 301 Notes to the accounts 26 Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (continued) Discontinued operations This table shows the assets and liabilities of BZWBK which was classified as a discontinued operation at 31 December 2010. Assets Cash and balances at central banks Trading portfolio financial assets Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers Financial investments available for sale Financial investments held to maturity Interests in associated undertakings Intangible assets and goodwill Property, plant and equipment Other assets Deferred taxation Prepayments and accrued income Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Trading portfolio financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Current taxation Other liabilities Accruals and deferred income Retirement benefit liabilities Provisions for liabilities and commitments Subordinated liabilities Total liabilities A sale was agreed on 10 September 2010 for the Group’s shareholding in BZWBK and completed on 1 April 2011. Further detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations is set out in note 72. 2010 € m 638 446 2 113 132 8,230 1,892 1,411 18 504 161 97 76 100 13,820 550 10,496 2 115 21 133 114 10 6 99 11,546 302 27 Trading portfolio financial assets Debt securities: Government securities Bank eurobonds Other debt securities Equity securities Of which listed: Debt securities Equity securities Of which unlisted: Equity securities 2011 € m 24 6 24 54 2 56 2011 € m 54 1 1 56 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m - 9 22 31 2 33 24 6 24 54 2 56 - 9 22 31 2 33 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 31 1 1 33 54 1 1 56 31 1 1 33 During 2008, trading portfolio financial assets reclassified to financial investments available for sale, in accordance with the amended IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, amounted to € 6,104 million. The fair value of reclassified assets at 31 December 2011 was € 1,410 million (2010: € 2,538 million; 2009: € 4,104 million; 2008: € 5,674 million). As of the reclassification date, effective interest rates on reclassified trading portfolio financial assets ranged from 4% to 10% with expected gross recoverable cash flows of € 7,105 million. If the reclassification had not been made, the Group’s income statement for the year ended 31 December 2011 would have included unrealised fair value gains on reclassified trading portfolio financial assets of € 91 million all of which relates to continuing operations (2010: gains € 38 million; 2009: gains € 5 million both of which relate to continuing operations). After reclassification, the reclassified assets contributed the following amounts to the income statement: 2011 € m Interest on financial investments available for sale Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale 58 (27) 2010 € m 82 (1) 2009 € m 148 (12) Up to the date of reclassification, in 2008 € 55 million of unrealised losses on the reclassified trading portfolio financial assets were recognised in the income statement (year ended December 2007: € 111 million). 303 Notes to the accounts 28 Derivative financial instruments Derivatives are used to service customer requirements, to manage the Group’s interest rate, exchange rate, equity and credit exposures and for trading purposes. Derivative instruments are contractual agreements whose value is derived from price movements in underlying assets, interest rates, foreign exchange rates or indices. The majority of the Group’s derivative activities are undertaken at the parent company level and the following discussion applies equally to the parent company and Group. Market risk is the exposure to potential loss through holding interest rate, exchange rate and equity positions in the face of absolute and relative price movements, interest rate volatility, movements in exchange rates and shifts in liquidity. Credit risk is the exposure to loss should the counterparty to a financial instrument fail to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. While notional principal amounts are used to express the volume of derivative transactions, the amounts subject to credit risk are much lower because derivative contracts typically involve payments based on the net differences between specified prices or rates. Credit risk in derivatives contracts is the risk that the Group’s counterparty in the contract defaults prior to maturity at a time when the Group has a claim on the counterparty under the contract (i.e. contracts with a positive fair value). The Group would then have to replace the contract at the current market rate, which may result in a loss. For risk management purposes, consideration is taken of the fact that not all counterparties to derivative positions are expected to default at the point where the Group is most exposed to them. The following tables present the notional principal amount together with the positive fair value of interest rate, exchange rate, equity and credit derivative contracts for 2011 and 2010. For both 2011 and 2010, only continuing operations are shown for AIB Group. Those held for sale to NAMA are shown in note 25 and those held as discontinued operations are shown in note 72. Interest rate contracts(1) Notional principal amount Positive fair value Exchange rate contracts(1) Notional principal amount Positive fair value Equity contracts(1) Notional principal amount Positive fair value Credit derivatives(1) Notional principal amount Positive fair value Total notional principal amount Positive fair value(2) 2011 € m Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 127,945 2,910 147,985 3,035 149,886 2,888 174,008 3,248 7,439 44 3,962 92 216 - 139,562 3,046 15,777 137 3,715 143 598 - 168,075 3,315 7,545 45 3,962 92 216 - 161,609 3,025 15,935 143 3,716 143 598 - 194,257 3,534 (1)Interest rate, exchange rate and credit derivative contracts are entered into for both hedging and trading purposes. Equity contracts are entered into for trading purposes only. (2)70% of fair value relates to exposures to banks (2010: 77%). 304 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) The Group uses the same credit control and risk management policies in undertaking all off-balance sheet commitments as it does for on balance sheet lending including counterparty credit approval, limit setting and monitoring procedures. In addition, derivative instruments are subject to the market risk policy and control framework as described in the Risk Management section. The following table analyses the notional principal amount and positive fair value of interest rate, exchange rate, equity and credit derivative contracts by maturity. Group 2011 Notional principal amount Positive fair value 2010 Notional principal amount Positive fair value Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2011 Notional principal amount Positive fair value 2010 Notional principal amount Positive fair value < 1 year € m 1 < 5 years € m Residual maturity Total € m 5 years + € m 78,266 428 80,052 435 45,408 1,163 65,119 1,495 15,888 1,455 22,904 1,385 139,562 3,046 168,075 3,315 < 1 year € m 1 < 5 years € m Residual maturity Total € m 5 years + € m 77,779 275 80,860 453 41,766 1,167 66,679 1,525 42,064 1,583 46,718 1,556 161,609 3,025 194,257 3,534 AIB Group has the following concentration of exposures in respect of notional principal amount and positive fair value of interest rate, exchange rate, equity and credit derivative contracts. The concentrations are based primarily on the location of the office recording the transaction. Group Republic of Ireland United Kingdom United States of America Rest of World Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Republic of Ireland United Kingdom United States of America Rest of World Notional principal amount 2010 € m 2011 € m Positive fair value 2010 € m 2011 € m 133,092 5,165 1,305 - 158,244 7,368 2,463 - 139,562 168,075 2,349 638 59 - 3,046 2,763 471 81 - 3,315 Notional principal amount 2010 € m 2011 € m Positive fair value 2010 € m 2011 € m 156,983 3,321 1,305 - 187,034 4,760 2,463 - 161,609 194,257 2,553 413 59 - 3,025 3,145 308 81 - 3,534 305 Notes to the accounts 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) Trading activities The Group maintains trading positions in a variety of financial instruments including derivatives. These derivative financial instruments include interest rate, foreign exchange, equity and credit derivatives. Most of these positions arise as a result of activity generated by corporate customers while the remainder represent trading decisions of the Group’s derivative and foreign exchange traders with a view to generating incremental income. All trading activity is conducted within risk limits approved by the Board. Systems are in place which measure risks and profitability associated with derivative trading positions as market movements occur. Independent risk control units monitor these risks. The risk that counterparties to derivative contracts might default on their obligations is monitored on an ongoing basis and the level of credit risk is minimised by dealing with counterparties of good credit standing and by the use of Credit Support Annexes and ISDA Master Netting Agreements. As the traded instruments are recognised at market value, these changes directly affect reported income for the period. Exposure to market risk is managed in accordance with risk limits approved by the Board through buying or selling instruments or entering into offsetting positions. The Group undertakes trading activities in interest rate contracts with the Group being a party to interest rate swap, forward, future, option, cap and floor contracts. The Group’s largest activity is in interest rate swaps. The two parties to an interest rate swap agree to exchange, at agreed intervals, payment streams calculated on a specified notional principal amount. Forward rate agreements are also used by the Group in its trading activities. Forward rate agreements settle in cash at a specified future date based on the difference between agreed market rates applied to a notional principal amount. Risk management activities In addition to meeting customer needs, the Group’s principal objective in holding or issuing derivatives for purposes other than trading is the management of interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks. The operations of the Group are exposed to interest rate risk arising from the fact that assets and liabilities mature or reprice at different times or in differing amounts. Derivatives are used to modify the repricing or maturity characteristics of assets and liabilities in a cost-efficient manner. This flexibility helps the Group to achieve liquidity and risk management objectives. Similarly, foreign exchange derivatives can be used to hedge the Group’s exposure to foreign exchange risk. Derivative prices fluctuate in value as the underlying interest rate or foreign exchange rates change. If the derivatives are purchased or sold as hedges of balance sheet items, the appreciation or depreciation of the derivatives will generally be offset by the unrealised depreciation or appreciation of the hedged items. To achieve its risk management objectives, the Group uses a combination of derivative financial instruments, particularly interest rate swaps, cross currency interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements, futures, options and currency swaps, as well as other contracts. The notional principal and fair value amounts, for instruments held for risk management purposes entered into by the Group at 31 December 2011 and 2010, are presented within this note. 306 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) The following table shows the notional principal amounts and the fair values of derivative financial instruments analysed by product and purpose as at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Group Derivatives held for trading Interest rate derivatives - over the counter (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross-currency interest rate swaps Forward rate agreements Interest rate options Total OTC interest rate contracts Interest rate derivatives - exchange traded Interest rate futures Interest rate contracts total Foreign exchange derivatives (OTC) Foreign exchange contracts Currency options bought and sold Foreign exchange derivatives total Equity derivatives (OTC) Equity index options Equity index contracts total Credit derivatives (OTC) Credit derivatives Credit derivatives contracts total 2011 Notional principal amount € m Fair values Assets Liabilities € m € m Notional principal amount € m 2010 Fair values Assets Liabilities € m € m 40,707 1,709 (2,002) 57,798 1,528 (1,697) 2,193 1,122 1,762 70 1 14 (115) (1) (11) 938 7,565 2,494 69 3 23 (55) (4) (18) 45,784 1,794 (2,129) 68,795 1,623 (1,774) 4,605 - - 1,432 - (2) 50,389 1,794 (2,129) 70,227 1,623 (1,776) 7,173 266 7,439 3,962 3,962 171 171 40 4 44 92 92 - - (93) (4) (97) (95) (95) (109) (109) 11,575 486 12,061 3,715 3,715 538 538 104 6 110 143 143 - - (190) (6) (196) (145) (145) (122) (122) Total trading contracts 61,961 1,930 (2,430) 86,541 1,876 (2,239) Derivatives designated as fair value hedges (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Currency swaps Credit default swaps Total hedging contracts Total derivative financial instruments 35,872 39 35,610 6,035 - 45 77,601 139,562 716 - 387 13 - - (726) (5) 23,824 240 (402) (279) - (1) 48,801 4,893 3,716 60 610 10 725 67 27 - (471) - (280) (4) (23) (3) 1,116 3,046 (1,413) 81,534 (3,843) 168,075 1,439 3,315 (781) (3,020) 307 Notes to the accounts 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) The following table shows the notional principal amounts and the fair values of derivative financial instruments analysed by product and purpose as at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Derivatives held for trading Interest rate derivatives - over the counter (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross-currency interest rate swaps Forward rate agreements Interest rate options Total OTC interest rate contracts Interest rate derivatives - exchange traded Interest rate futures Interest rate contracts total Foreign exchange derivatives (OTC) Foreign exchange contracts Currency options bought and sold Foreign exchange derivatives total Equity derivatives (OTC) Equity index options Equity index contracts total Credit derivatives (OTC) Credit derivatives Credit derivatives contracts total 2011 Notional principal amount € m Fair values Assets Liabilities € m € m Notional principal amount € m 2010 Fair values Assets Liabilities € m € m 38,783 1,763 (1,944) 59,195 1,635 (1,699) 2,193 1,122 1,765 70 1 14 (115) (1) (11) 1,030 7,565 2,600 74 3 23 (62) (4) (18) 43,863 1,848 (2,071) 70,390 1,735 (1,783) 4,605 - - 1,432 - (2) 48,468 1,848 (2,071) 71,822 1,735 (1,785) 7,279 266 7,545 3,962 3,962 171 171 41 4 45 92 92 - - (95) (4) (99) (95) (95) (109) (109) 11,670 549 12,219 3,716 3,716 538 538 109 7 116 143 143 - - (191) (8) (199) (145) (145) (122) (122) Total trading contracts 60,146 1,985 (2,374) 88,295 1,994 (2,251) Derivatives designated as fair value hedges (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross currency interest rate swaps Currency swaps Credit default swaps Total hedging contracts 55,300 - 40,083 6,035 - 45 254 - 773 13 - - (656) - (751) (279) - (1) 41,687 240 55,366 4,893 3,716 60 101,463 1,040 (1,687) 105,962 Total derivative financial instruments 161,609 3,025 (4,061) 194,257 254 10 1,182 67 27 - 1,540 3,534 (472) - (646) (4) (23) (3) (1,148) (3,399) 308 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) Cash flow hedges The cash flows are expected to occur in the following periods: Group Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Within 1 year € m 243 137 290 131 Within 1 year € m 218 116 300 158 Between 1 and 2 years € m 264 273 Between 2 and 5 years € m 54 114 More than 5 years € m 24 83 282 83 564 212 397 300 Between 1 and 2 years € m 59 58 Between 2 and 5 years € m 133 180 More than 5 years € m 60 115 295 123 635 371 516 417 2011 Total € m 585 607 2010 1,533 726 2011 Total € m 470 469 2010 1,746 1,069 The cash flows, including amortisation of terminated cashflow hedges, are expected to impact the income statement in the following periods: Group Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Forecast receivable cash flows Forecast payable cash flows Within 1 year € m 295 137 318 133 Within 1 year € m 248 116 328 160 Between 1 and 2 years € m 309 273 Between 2 and 5 years € m 161 114 More than 5 years € m 85 83 296 84 583 213 399 300 Between 1 and 2 years € m 86 58 Between 2 and 5 years € m 192 180 More than 5 years € m 88 116 309 124 654 372 517 417 2011 Total € m 850 607 2010 1,596 730 2011 Total € m 614 470 2010 1,808 1,073 For AIB Group, the ineffectiveness reflected in the income statement that arose from cash flow hedges is a charge of € 3 million, all of which relates to continuing operations (2010: a charge of € 2 million, all of which relates to continuing operations). The pay fixed cash flow hedges are used to hedge the cash flows on variable rate liabilities, primarily floating rate notes. The receive fixed cash flow hedges are used to hedge the cash flows on variable rate assets, primarily the variable rate loan portfolio. The total amount recognised in other comprehensive income net of tax during the year in respect of cash flow hedges was a charge in continuing operations of € 209 million (2010: a charge of € 41 million). 309 Notes to the accounts 28 Derivative financial instruments (continued) Fair value hedges The fair value hedges are entered into to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities arising from changes in interest rates, primarily available for sale securities and fixed rate liabilities. The fair values of financial instruments are set out in note 57 and note 74.The net mark to market on fair value hedging derivatives, excluding accrual and risk adjustments is positive € 14 million (2010: positive € 106 million) and the net mark to market on the related hedged items is negative € 13 million (2010: negative € 118 million). Netting financial assets and financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments are shown on the statement of financial position at their fair value, those with a positive fair value are reported as assets and those with a negative fair value are reported as liabilities. The Group has a number of ISDA Master Agreements (netting agreements) in place which may allow it to net the termination values of derivative contracts upon the occurrence of an event of default with respect to its counterparties. The enforcement of netting agreements would potentially reduce the statement of financial position carrying amount of derivative assets and liabilities by € 1,369 million (2010: € 1,687 million). The Group has Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”) in place which provide collateral for derivative contracts. At 31 December 2011, € 1,904 million (2010: € 932 million) of CSAs are included within financial assets and € 612 million (2010: € 542 million) of CSAs are included within financial liabilities. Additionally, the Group has agreements in place which may allow it to net the termination values of cross currency swaps upon the occurrence of an event of default. 29 Loans and receivables to banks Funds placed with central banks Funds placed with other banks Provision for impairment Of which: Due from third parties Due from subsidiary undertakings(2) Amounts include: Reverse repurchase agreements Loans and receivables to banks by geographical area(3) Republic of Ireland United States of America United Kingdom Poland Rest of the world 2011 € m 1,011 4,711 (4) 5,718 Group 2010 € m 1,051 1,896 (4) 2,943 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 405 35,627 (4) 36,028 2,587 33,441 36,028 490 45,115(1) (4) 45,601 2,168 43,433(1) 45,601 59 - 59 - 2011 € m 1,120 7 4,589 - 2 5,718 Group 2010 € m 1,033 212 1,695 - 3 2,943 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 31,894 7 4,125 2 - 36,028 43,769 212 1,618 - 2 45,601 (1)A subordinated loan to a s subsidiary amounting to € 360 million has been reclassed to ‘Investments in Group undertakings’. (2)Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings may include repurchase agreements. (3)The classification of loans and receivables to banks by geographical area is based primarily on the location of the office recording the transaction. Under reverse repurchase agreements, the Group has accepted collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge in the absence of default by the owner of the collateral. The fair value of collateral received amounted to € 55 million (2010: Nil). The collateral received consisted of government securities of € 55 million (2010: Nil). The fair value of collateral sold or repledged amounted to Nil (2010: Nil). These transactions are conducted under terms that are usual and customary to standard reverse repurchase agreements. 310 30 Loans and receivables to customers Loans and receivables to customers Amounts receivable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts (note 31) Unquoted debt securities Provisions for impairment (note 32) Of which: Due from third parties Due from subsidiary undertakings(1)(2) 2011 € m Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 95,373 91,120 50,964 67,775 1,208 891 1,552 965 521 786 (14,932) (7,287) (10,197) 82,540 86,350 42,074 633 875 (5,787) 63,496 48,293 15,203 63,496 11,098 30,206 11,868 42,074 19,410 Of which repayable on demand or at short notice 22,930 14,894 Amounts include: Due from associated undertakings (1) Of which Nil (2010: € 83 million) relates to subordinated loans. (2)Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings may include repurchase agreements. 1 128 1 128 The unwind of the discount on the carrying amount of impaired loans amounted to € 231 million (2010: € 156 million) and is included in the carrying value of loans and receivables to customers. This has been credited to interest income. In 2009, certain financial investments available for sale amounting to € 13 million were reclassified to the ‘loans and receivables to customers’ category. The fair value of reclassified assets at 31 December 2011 was € 1 million (2010: € 9 million). As of reclassification date, the effective interest rates on reclassified available for sale financial assets were in the range 4.79% - 6.44%; the expected gross recoverable cash flows were € 18 million; and the fair value loss recognised in equity was € 8 million. If the reclassification had not been made, the Group’s statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2011 would have included fair value gains of € 3 million (2010 gains of: € 1 million). 311 Notes to the accounts 31 Amounts receivable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts The following balances principally comprise of leasing arrangements involving vehicles, plant, machinery and equipment. Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 2011 € m 504 724 38 1,266 (61) 3 328 1,215 80 1,623 (75) 4 1,208 1,552 493 680 35 1,208 227 2 273 325 1,155 72 1,552 199 7 337 163 392 20 575 (56) 2 521 160 345 16 521 104 - 158 93 562 39 694 (64) 3 633 91 509 33 633 89 - 165 Gross receivables Not later than 1 year Later than one year and not later than 5 years Later than 5 years Unearned future finance income Deferred costs incurred on origination Total Present value of minimum payments analysed by residual maturity Not later than 1 year Later than one year and not later than 5 years Later than 5 years Present value of minimum payments Provision for uncollectible minimum payments receivable(1) Unguaranteed residual values accruing to the benefit of the Group Net investment in new business (1)Included in the provision for impairment of loans and receivables to customers (note 32). 312 32 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables The following tables show provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (both to banks and customers) on a total Group basis and include (i) continuing operations; (ii) held for sale to NAMA; and (iii) loans and receivables within disposal groups and non- current assets held for sale. The classification of loans and receivables into corporate/commercial, residential mortgages, and other relate to classification used in the Group’s ratings tools and are explained in the ‘Risk management’ section. Group Provisions At 1 January 2011 Exchange translation adjustments Acquisition of subsidiaries Transferred on disposal of subsidiary Charge against income statement: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Amounts written off Recoveries of amounts written off in previous years Provisions on loans and receivable transferred to NAMA (note 25) At 31 December 2011 Total provisions are split as follows: Specific IBNR Amounts include: Loans and receivables to banks (note 29) Loans and receivables to customers (note 30) Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA (note 25) Loans and receivables of disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Corporate/ Commercial € m Residential mortgages € m 6,283 66 302 (133) 5,966 9 5,975 (665) 2 (568) 665 8 436 (11) 1,582 - 1,582 (32) - - Other € m 1,028 - - (216) 313 15 328 (105) 2 (2) 2011 Total € m 7,976 74 738 (360) 7,861 24 7,885 (802) 4 (570) 11,262 2,648 1,035 14,945 9,648 1,614 11,262 1,754 894 2,648 859 176 1,035 12,261 2,684 14,945 4 14,932 - 9 14,945 313 Notes to the accounts 32 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (continued) Group Provisions At 1 January 2010 Adjustment to opening classifications(1) Exchange translation adjustments Charge against income statement: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Amounts written off Recoveries of amounts written off in previous years Provisions on loans and receivables transferred to NAMA Transfers out At 31 December 2010 Total provisions are split as follows: Specific IBNR Amounts include: Loans and receivables to banks (note 29) Loans and receivables to customers (note 30) Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA (note 25) Loans and receivables of discontinued operations (note 72) Loans and receivables of disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Corporate/ Commercial € m Residential mortgages € m 6,407 (142) 31 5,177 11 5,188 (669) 43 (4,569) (6) 6,283 4,605 1,678 6,283 141 44 1 512 3 515 (36) - - - 665 257 408 665 Other € m 608 98 8 326 91 417 (108) 5 - - 1,028 784 244 1,028 2010 Total € m 7,156 - 40 6,015 105 6,120 (813) 48 (4,569) (6) 7,976 5,646 2,330 7,976 4 7,287 329 344 12 7,976 (1)The analysis between corporate/commercial, residential mortgages, and other, was amended in 2010 to a more appropriate classification. 314 32 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (continued) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Provisions At 1 January 2011 Exchange translation adjustments Charge against income statement Amounts written off Recoveries of amounts written off in previous years Provisions on loans and receivables transferred to NAMA Provisions on mortgage business transferred to subsidiary At 31 December 2011 Total provisions are split as follows: Specific IBNR Amounts include: Loans and receivables to banks (note 29) Loans and receivables to customers (note 30) Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA (note 25) Loans and receivables of disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Corporate/ Commercial € m Residential mortgages € m Other € m 5,267 14 4,929 (536) 2 (309) - 9,367 8,144 1,223 9,367 146 1 143 (10) - - (106) 174 109 65 174 527 - 234 (92) - - - 669 516 153 669 2011 Total € m 5,940 15 5,306 (638) 2 (309) (106) 10,210 8,769 1,441 10,210 4 10,197 - 9 10,210 315 Notes to the accounts 32 Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (continued) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Provisions At 1 January 2010 Adjustment to opening classifications(1) Exchange translation adjustments Charge against income statement Amounts written off Recoveries of amounts written off in previous years Provisions on loans and receivables transferred to NAMA Transfers out At 31 December 2010 Total provisions are split as follows: Specific IBNR Amounts include: Loans and receivables to banks (note 29) Loans and receivables to customers (note 30) Loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA (note 25) Loans and receivables of disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Corporate/ Commercial € m Residential mortgages € m Other € m 5,655 (112) 9 4,618 (437) 40 (4,502) (4) 5,267 3,729 1,538 5,267 28 14 - 119 (15) - - - 146 56 90 146 243 98 - 254 (70) 2 - - 527 427 100 527 2010 Total € m 5,926 - 9 4,991 (522) 42 (4,502) (4) 5,940 4,212 1,728 5,940 4 5,787 137 12 5,940 (1)The analysis between corporate/commercial, residential mortgages, and other, was amended in 2010 to a more appropriate classification. 316 33 NAMA senior bonds During 2010 and 2011, loans and receivables transferred to NAMA for which AIB received as consideration NAMA senior bonds and in addition NAMA subordinated bonds. The accounting policy for the NAMA senior bonds is that for loans and receivables which is set out in accounting policy 17. These bonds carry a guarantee of the Irish Government with interest payable semi-annually each March and September at a rate of six month Euribor. The interest reset date is the second business day prior to the start of each interest period. The bonds were issued from 1 March 2010 and all bonds issued on or after 1 March in any year will mature on or prior to 1 March in the following year. The bonds will therefore be issued with a maximum maturity of 364 days from the date of issue. At the option of the issuer, all or some of the bonds may be physically settled at maturity by issuing a new bond on the same terms as the existing bond, other than maturity which may be up to 364 days from the date of issue even if the existing bond has a shorter maturity. The following table provides a movement analysis of the NAMA senior bonds: At 1 January 2011 Purchased from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (notes 23 and 56(b)(ii)) Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Additions Net returns Amortisation of discount Maturities At 31 December 2011 (1)Acquired on acquisition of EBS (note 24). 2011 € m 7,869 11,854 301 803 (148) 68 (891) 19,856 Group 2010 € m - - - 7,864 - 5 - 7,869 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 7,869 11,854 - 769 (165) 68 (886) 19,509 - - - 7,864 - 5 - 7,869 The estimated fair value of these bonds at 31 December 2011 is € 20,061 million (31 December 2010: € 7,834 million). The nominal value of these bonds is € 20,311 million (31 December 2010: € 8,036 million). Whilst these bonds do not have an external credit rating the Group has attributed to them a rating of BBB+ i.e. the external rating of the Sovereign. 317 Notes to the accounts 34 Financial investments available for sale The following tables give, for the Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010, the carrying value (fair value) of financial investments available for sale by major classifications together with the unrealised gains and losses. Fair value € m Unrealised gross gains € m Unrealised Net unrealised gains/(losses) gross losses € m € m Tax effect € m 2011 Net after tax € m Group Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total financial investments available for sale Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments 5,217 1,860 1,270 1,147 509 1,210 3,055 476 110 279 12 15,145 132 112 15,389 4,861 1,830 696 1,147 509 1,210 2,054 424 110 279 12 Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other 13,132 127 77 40 102 207 10 - - 43 4 4 15 - 425 - 18 443 - 101 95 10 - - 15 4 4 15 - 244 - 5 (531) (62) (3) (1) (12) (353) (77) (12) (6) (5) - (491) 40 204 9 (12) (353) (34) (8) (2) 10 - (1,062) (637) - (24) - (6) 61 (5) (40) (1) 2 44 4 1 - (2) - 64 - - (430) 35 164 8 (10) (309) (30) (7) (2) 8 - (573) - (6) (1,086) (643) 64 (579) (330) (62) (3) (1) (12) (353) (92) (2) (6) (5) - (866) - (21) (330) 39 92 9 (12) (353) (77) 2 (2) 10 - (622) - (16) 41 (5) (12) (1) 2 44 10 - - (2) - 77 - 3 (289) 34 80 8 (10) (309) (67) 2 (2) 8 - (545) - (13) Total financial investments available for sale 13,336 249 (887) (638) 80 (558) 318 34 Financial investments available for sale (continued) Fair value € m Unrealised gross gains € m Unrealised gross losses € m Net unrealised gains/(losses) € m Tax effect € m Group Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total financial investments available for sale Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Other investments 4,309 3,517 1,693 1,317 183 885 2,560 3,966 1,433 187 449 12 20,511 169 145 20,825 3,656 3,351 1,083 1,317 183 885 2,560 3,966 1,433 187 449 12 - 44 88 15 2 1 1 25 6 10 27 - 219 - 23 242 - 43 42 15 2 1 1 25 6 10 27 - Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other 19,082 172 169 68 - 9 2010 Net after tax € m (521) (5) 68 6 2 (18) (254) (47) (71) 5 18 - (632) (50) (3) (8) - (22) (291) (79) (87) (3) (3) - (632) (6) 85 7 2 (21) (290) (54) (81) 7 24 - 111 1 (17) (1) - 3 36 7 10 (2) (6) - (1,178) (959) 142 (817) (51) (11) (51) 12 6 (2) (45) 10 (1,240) (998) 146 (852) (409) (50) (3) (8) - (22) (291) (79) (87) (3) (3) - (955) (51) (8) (409) (7) 39 7 2 (21) (290) (54) (81) 7 24 - (783) (51) 1 51 1 (5) (1) - 3 36 7 10 (2) (6) - 94 6 - (358) (6) 34 6 2 (18) (254) (47) (71) 5 18 - (689) (45) 1 Total financial investments available for sale 19,319 181 (1,014) (833) 100 (733) 319 Notes to the accounts 34 Financial investments available for sale (continued) Analysis of movements in financial investments available for sale Debt securities € m Equity securities € m Group At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Exchange translation adjustments Purchases Additions(2) NAMA subordinated bonds - additions Return of NAMA subordinated bonds Sales Maturities Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Amortisation of discounts net of premiums Movement in unrealised gains At 31 December 2011 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. At 1 January 2011 Exchange translation adjustments Purchases Additions NAMA subordinated bonds - additions Return of NAMA subordinated bonds Sales Maturities Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Amortisation of discounts net of premiums Movement in unrealised gains At 31 December 2011 20,511 1,684 - (24) 1,696 - - - (3,920) (4,902) (164) (8) 272 15,145 19,082 (13) 2,321 - - - (3,903) (4,314) (164) (3) 126 13,132 314 6 (22) (3) 64 19 15 (3) (67) - (119) - 40 244 237 (1) 57 18 14 (3) (34) - (111) - 27 204 (1)Excludes intercompany debt securities amounting to € 275 million which were eliminated on consolidation. (2)Additions relate to transfers from loans and receivables arising from debt/equity restructures and other additions. Total € m 20,825 1,690 (22) (27) 1,760 19 15 (3) (3,987) (4,902) (283) (8) 312 15,389 19,319 (14) 2,378 18 14 (3) (3,937) (4,314) (275) (3) 153 13,336 320 34 Financial investments available for sale (continued) Analysis of movements in financial investments available for sale Group At 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Exchange translation adjustments Purchases Additions(2) NAMA senior bonds/subordinated bonds Sales Maturities Reclassification of NAMA senior bonds to loans and receivables Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Amortisation of discounts net of premiums Movement in unrealised losses At 31 December 2010 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. At 1 January 2010 Exchange translation adjustments Purchases NAMA senior bonds/subordinated bonds Sales Maturities Reclassification of NAMA senior bonds to loans and receivables Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Amortisation of discounts net of premiums Movement in unrealised losses At 31 December 2010 Debt securities € m 25,009 (1,426) 632 6,375 - 7,864 (5,133) (4,125) (7,869) (56) 13 (773) 20,511 22,091 618 5,915 7,864 (5,127) (3,780) (7,869) (56) 12 (586) 19,082 Equity securities € m 327 (162) 4 17 27 220 (47) - - (18) - (54) 314 87 1 15 220 (32) - - (2) - (52) 237 Total € m 25,336 (1,588) 636 6,392 27 8,084 (5,180) (4,125) (7,869) (74) 13 (827) 20,825 22,178 619 5,930 8,084 (5,159) (3,780) (7,869) (58) 12 (638) 19,319 (2)Additions relate to transfers from loans and receivables arising from debt/equity restructures and other additions. Debt securities analysed by remaining contractual maturity Due within one year After one year, but within five years After five years, but within ten years After ten years Financial investments available for sale Of which listed: Debt securities Equity securities Of which unlisted: Debt securities Equity securities 2011 € m 2,276 6,645 3,612 2,612 Group 2010 € m 4,547 7,791 4,113 4,060 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 2,007 5,633 3,349 2,143 4,224 7,791 3,235 3,832 15,145 20,511 13,132 19,082 2011 € m 15,133 54 15,187 12 190 202 Group 2010 € m 20,499 37 20,536 12 277 289 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 13,120 48 13,168 12 156 168 19,070 28 19,098 12 209 221 15,389 20,825 13,336 19,319 321 Notes to the accounts 34 Financial investments available for sale (continued) The following table gives for the Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. at 31 December 2011, an analysis of the securities portfolio with unrealised losses, distinguishing between securities with continuous unrealised loss positions of less than 12 months and those with continuous unrealised loss positions for periods in excess of 12 months. Investments with unrealised losses of less than 12 months € m Investments with unrealised losses of more than 12 months € m 2011 Fair value Total € m 4,862 280 32 72 504 1,204 1,384 247 60 70 8,715 - 48 2,822 280 9 70 149 1,013 1,210 53 42 35 5,683 - 9 5,692 8,763 2,822 280 9 70 150 1,013 1,241 - 42 35 5,662 - 1 4,862 280 32 72 505 1,204 1,415 194 60 70 8,694 - 40 5,663 8,734 2011 Unrealised losses Total Unrealised losses of more than 12 months € m € m (531) (62) (3) (1) (12) (353) (77) (12) (6) (5) (1,062) (339) (62) (1) (1) (9) (338) (74) (10) (4) (3) (841) - (3) - (24) (844) (1,086) (138) (62) (1) (1) (9) (338) (89) - (4) (3) (645) - - (330) (62) (3) (1) (12) (353) (92) (2) (6) (5) (866) - (21) (645) (887) Unrealised losses of less than 12 months € m (192) - (2) - (3) (15) (3) (2) (2) (2) (221) - (21) (242) (192) - (2) - (3) (15) (3) (2) (2) (2) (221) - (21) (242) Group Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total 2,040 - 23 2 355 191 174 194 18 35 3,032 - 39 3,071 2,040 - 23 2 355 191 174 194 18 35 3,032 - 39 3,071 322 34 Financial investments available for sale (continued) The following table gives for the Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. at 31 December 2010, an analysis of the securities portfolio with unrealised losses, distinguishing between securities with continuous unrealised loss positions of less than 12 months and those with continuous unrealised loss positions for periods in excess of 12 months. Investments with unrealised losses of less than 12 months € m Investments with unrealised losses of more than 12 months € m Group Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies US Treasury and US Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Debt securities Irish Government securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities Supranational banks and government agencies US Treasury and US Government agencies Collateralised mortgage obligations Other asset backed securities Euro bank securities Non Euro bank securities Euro corporate securities Non Euro corporate securities Total debt securities Equity securities Equity securities - NAMA subordinated bonds Equity securities - other Total 3,540 2,029 900 432 1 17 27 918 209 6 21 8,100 169 17 8,286 3,540 2,029 290 432 2 17 27 918 209 6 21 7,491 169 9 7,669 2010 Fair value Total € m 4,309 2,133 957 450 22 615 2,523 2,747 987 71 63 14,877 169 15 769 104 57 18 21 598 2,496 1,829 778 65 42 6,777 - (2) 6,775 15,061 116 104 57 17 21 598 2,496 1,829 778 65 42 6,123 - 1 3,656 2,133 347 449 23 615 2,523 2,747 987 71 63 13,614 169 10 6,124 13,793 2010 Unrealised losses Total Unrealised losses of more than 12 months € m € m (632) (50) (3) (8) - (22) (291) (79) (87) (3) (3) (1,178) (256) (7) (2) (1) - (22) (291) (36) (84) (3) (3) (705) - (4) (51) (11) (709) (1,240) (33) (7) (2) (1) - (22) (291) (36) (84) (3) (3) (482) - (1) (409) (50) (3) (8) - (22) (291) (79) (87) (3) (3) (955) (51) (8) (483) (1,014) Unrealised losses of less than 12 months € m (376) (43) (1) (7) - - - (43) (3) - - (473) (51) (7) (531) (376) (43) (1) (7) - - - (43) (3) - - (473) (51) (7) (531) Available for sale financial investments with unrealised losses have been assessed for impairment based on the credit risk profile of the counterparties involved. Impairment losses on debt securities of € 164 million (2010: € 56 million) and € 119 million (2010: € 18 million) on equity securities have been recognised as set out in note 13. For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., these amounts are € 164 million for debt securities and € 111 million for equity securities respectively (2010: € 56 million and € 2 million respectively). 323 Notes to the accounts 35 Interests in associated undertakings Included in the Group income statement is the contribution from investments in associated undertakings as follows: Income statement Share of results of associated undertakings(1) (Impairment)/reversal of impairment of associated undertakings Loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell of discontinued operations Loss on the disposal of investment in associated undertakings Analysed as to: Continuing operations Discontinued operations (note 18)(2) Share of net assets including goodwill At 1 January Exchange translation adjustments Disposal of associate held by subsidiary (note 18) Disposal of associate Income for the year Continuing operations Discontinued operations Dividends received from associates (Impairment)/reversal of impairment of associated undertakings: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Loss recognised on the remeasurement to fair value less costs to sell of discontinued operations Other movements At 31 December Analysed as to: Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited (note 36) Other(3) Disclosed in the statement of financial position within: Interests in associated undertakings Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Of which listed on a recognised stock exchange 2011 € m (1) (36) - - (37) (37) - (37) 2010 € m 43 201 (50) (231) (37) 18 (55) (37) 2011 € m 301 1 (18) - (1) - (1) (5) (36) - (36) - 4 246 196 50 246 50 196 246 - 2009 € m 46 (308) - - (262) (3) (259) (262) 2010 € m 1,641 37 - (1,529) 18 25 43 (48) - 201 201 (50) 6 301 245 56 301 283 18 301 3 (1)Includes Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited € 17 million loss (note 36), AIB Merchant Services € 13 million profit and Other, € 3 million profit. (2)At 30 March 2010, the Group announced that certain of its operations were to be sold, amongst which included M&T Bank Corporation. Subsequently, Bulgarian American Credit Bank AD (“BACB”) and associate interests held by BZWBK, were considered to be held for sale. These associates were no longer accounted for using the equity method in accordance with IAS 28 as they were classified as discontinued operations. On 4 November 2010, the sale of M&T Bank Corporation was completed with the investment derecognised from that date (note 18). The sale of BZWBK completed on 1 April 2011.The sale of BACB completed on 17 June 2011. (3)Relates to the Group’s investments in Aviva Health Insurance Ireland Limited and AIB Merchant Services. In 2010, associates of BZWBK which have since been disposed of were also included. 324 35 Interests in associated undertakings (continued) Summarised financial information for the Group’s associates is as follows: Total assets Total liabilities Revenues Net profit 2011 € m 12,237 10,805 1,163 (9) 2010 € m 12,901 11,453 1,371 101 In relation to associated undertakings at 31 December 2011, contingent liabilities amount to Nil (2010: Nil) and commitments amount to Nil (2010: Nil). Principal associated undertakings Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited(1) Registered office: 1 Park Place, Hatch Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. (Ordinary shares of € 1.25 par value each – Group interest 24.99%) Zolter Services Limited (trades as AIB Merchant Services) Registered office: Unit 6, Belfield Business Park, Clonskeagh, Dublin 4, Ireland. Nature of business Manufacturer and distributor of life and pension products Provider of merchant payment solutions Other than as described above, the Group’s interests in associated undertakings are non-credit institutions and are held by subsidiary undertakings. In accordance with the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Accounts) Regulations, 1992, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. will annex a full listing of associated undertakings to its annual return to the Companies Registration Office. (1)The Group interest is held directly by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and carried at cost of € 12 million in the parent company statement of financial position.This is now classified in ‘disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’. Details of Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited is set out in note 36. 325 Notes to the accounts 36 Interest in Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited At 31 December 2011, AIB considered that it was highly probable that its investment in Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Limited (“ALH”) would be disposed of within twelve months following the cancellation in December 2011 of the distribution agreement between AIB and ALH and the conditions that existed in the shareholder agreement. Accordingly, ALH is classified as held for sale and included within ‘Disposal Groups and non-current assets held for sale’ (note 26). An impairment loss of € 36 million on remeasurement of the disposal group to the lower of its carrying amount and its fair value less costs to sell has been recognised in associated undertakings in the consolidated income statement. The contribution of ALH for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009 is included within share of results of associated undertakings as follows: Share of income/(loss) of ALH Impairment of associate Amortisation of intangible assets Share of loss before taxation Taxation attributable to policyholder returns Loss attributable to shareholders before taxation Taxation Included within associated undertakings 2011 € m (12) (36) (4) (52) (1) (53) - (53) 2010 € m 4 - (6) (2) - (2) 2 - 2009 € m 5 - (8) (3) (9) (12) (1) (13) In addition to the amounts included within share of results of associated undertakings, the Group recognised fee income on the sale of ALH life insurance and investment products, through its distribution channels, amounting to € 23 million for the year ended 31 December 2011 (2010: € 20 million; 2009: € 21 million). The assets and liabilities of ALH at 31 December 2011 and 2010, accounted for in accordance with the accounting policies of the Group, are set out in the following table: Summary of consolidated statement of financial position Cash and placings with banks Financial investments Investment property Property, plant and equipment Reinsurance assets Other assets Total assets Investment contract liabilities Insurance contract liabilities Other liabilities Shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 2011 € m 1,906 8,424 271 - 588 464 2010 € m 1,473 9,010 294 3 599 557 11,653 11,936 5,605 4,364 498 1,186 6,101 4,246 503 1,086 11,653 11,936 The fair value of the investment in ALH, € 196 million, has been determined by a market related valuation of the Group’s share of the MCEV of ALH. The MCEV is calculated by projecting future cash flows of the business to present values using a risk free yield curve rate of 2.5%. Cash flows are projected using best estimates of demographic and economic variables; for example policyholders’ lapses are projected based on analysis of current behaviour. 326 37 Intangible assets and goodwill Cost At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Disposal of subsidiary Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Additions - internally generated - externally purchased Amounts written off(2) Disposals At 31 December 2011 Amortisation/impairment At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Disposal of subsidiary Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Amortisation for the year Impairment for the year Amounts written off(2) Disposals At 31 December 2011 Net book value at 31 December Goodwill Software € m € m Other € m Group 2011 Total € m 3 - (3) - - - - - - 1 - (1) - - - - - - - 596 75 (1) (9) 27 6 (47) (16) 631 405 54 (1) (6) 63 3 (47) (16) 455 176 3 - - - - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - - 3 - 602 75 (4) (9) 27 6 (47) (16) 634 409 54 (2) (6) 63 3 (47) (16) 458 176 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2011 Total € m Other € m Goodwill Software € m € m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 562 - - - 25 6 (46) (15) 532 377 - - - 59 3 (46) (15) 378 154 3 - - - - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - - 3 - 565 - - - 25 6 (46) (15) 535 380 - - - 59 3 (46) (15) 381 154 Internally generated intangible assets under construction amounted to: Group € 30 million; Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 30 million. Internally generated software amounted to: Group € 337 million; Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 264 million. (1)Relates to the acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) (note 24). (2)Relates to assets which are no longer in use with a nil carrying value. 327 Notes to the accounts 37 Intangible assets and goodwill (continued) Goodwill Software Other € m € m € m Group 2010 Total € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 Total € m Goodwill Software Other € m € m € m Cost At 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and 467 716 11 1,194 15 541 11 567 non-current assets held for sale (note 26) (464) (141) (8) (613) (15) Additions - internally generated - externally purchased Disposals At 31 December 2010 Amortisation/impairment At 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and - - - 3 18 5 (2) 596 25 380 - - - 3 7 18 5 (2) 602 412 - 18 5 (2) 562 - - - - 15 254 non-current assets held for sale (note 26) (24) (100) (4) (128) (15) Amortisation for the year Impairment for the year Disposals At 31 December 2010 Net book value at 31 December - - - 1 2 63 63 (1) 405 191 - - - 3 - 63 63 (1) 409 193 - - - - - - 62 62 (1) 377 185 (8) (23) - - - 3 8 18 5 (2) 565 277 (5) (20) - - - 3 - 62 62 (1) 380 185 Internally generated intangible assets under construction amounted to: Group € 53 million; Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.€ 53 million. Internally generated software amounted to: Group € 268 million; Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 257 million. The impairment charge for 2010 results from a decision not to continue with a significant technology project and also relates to the decision during 2010 to classify certain operations as discontinued operations. The goodwill relates mainly to the acquisition of the holding in BZWBK which was reclassified to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale. As detailed in note 18, the sale of the Group’s entire shareholding in BZWBK completed on the 1 April 2011. The remaining goodwill amounts which relate to unquoted investments, have been assessed for impairment through discounting projected cash flows with the resultant impairment charge, if any, recognised in the year. 328 38 Property, plant & equipment Group Cost At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Disposal of subsidiaries Reclassification from/(to) disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Additions Disposals Exchange translation adjustments At 31 December 2011 Depreciation/impairment At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiary(1) Disposal of subsidiaries Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Depreciation charge for the year Disposals Exchange translation adjustments At 31 December 2011 Net book value at 31 December 2011 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Cost Balance at 1 January 2011 Reclassification from disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Additions Transfer of business(2) Disposals At 31 December 2011 Depreciation/impairment At 1 January 2011 Depreciation charge for the year Transfer of business(2) Disposals At 31 December 2011 Net book value at 31 December 2011 (1)Relates to the acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) (note 24). (2)Internal transfer from a subsidiary. Freehold Long leasehold € m € m Property Leasehold under 50 years € m Equipment Total € m € m 158 30 - 1 - - 1 90 10 - 3 1 (1) - 135 19 - (1) 5 (6) 1 190 103 153 40 7 - - 6 - - 53 137 Freehold € m 118 1 - 6 - 125 26 4 1 - 31 94 22 3 - - 3 (1) - 27 76 82 13 - (1) 10 (4) 1 101 52 Long leasehold € m Property Leasehold under 50 years € m 82 3 1 - (1) 85 19 2 - (1) 20 65 85 - 4 - (5) 84 46 6 - (4) 48 36 479 23 (2) (8) 11 (21) 2 484 370 17 (1) (8) 30 (20) 1 389 95 862 82 (2) (5) 17 (28) 4 930 514 40 (1) (9) 49 (25) 2 570 360 Equipment Total € m 416 - 11 - (20) 407 315 27 - (18) 324 83 € m 701 4 16 6 (26) 701 406 39 1 (23) 423 278 329 Notes to the accounts 38 Property, plant & equipment (continued) Group Cost At 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Additions Disposals Reclassification Exchange translation adjustments At 31 December 2010 Depreciation/impairment Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Depreciation charge for the year Disposals Reclassification Exchange translation adjustments At 31 December 2010 Net book value at 31 December 2010 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Cost At 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Additions Disposals Reclassification At 31 December 2010 Depreciation/impairment Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2010 Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Depreciation charge for the year Disposals Reclassification At 31 December 2010 Net book value at 31 December 2010 Freehold € m 315 (125) 3 (1) (34) - 158 80 (43) 5 - (2) - 40 118 Freehold € m 159 (7) 1 (1) (34) 118 27 (3) 4 - (2) 26 92 Long leasehold € m Property Leasehold under 50 years € m 65 - 1 - 24 - 90 18 - 3 - 1 - 22 68 179 (52) 4 (6) 9 1 135 105 (29) 10 (6) 1 1 82 53 Long leasehold € m Property Leasehold under 50 years € m 57 - 1 - 24 82 15 - 3 - 1 19 63 79 - 3 (6) 9 85 44 - 7 (6) 1 46 39 Equipment Total € m 643 (174) 17 (11) 1 3 479 463 (122) 36 (9) - 2 370 109 € m 1,202 (351) 25 (18) - 4 862 666 (194) 54 (15) - 3 514 348 Equipment Total € m 409 - 16 (10) 1 416 292 - 32 (9) - 315 101 € m 704 (7) 21 (17) - 701 378 (3) 46 (15) - 406 295 The net book value of property occupied by the Group for its own activities was € 263 million (2010: € 238 million), excluding those held as disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale. The net book value of property occupied by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. for its own activities was € 195 million (2010: € 193 million). Property leased to others by AIB Group had a book value of € 2 million (2010: Nil). There was no such property in Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. Property and equipment did not include any amounts for items in the course of construction for either the Group or Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. In 2010, € 1 million was included for items in the course of construction for both Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 330 39 Deferred taxation Deferred tax assets: Provision for impairment of loans and receivables Amortised income Available for sale securities Retirement benefits Temporary difference on provisions for future commitments in relation to the funding of Icarom plc (under Administration) Assets leased to customers Unutilised tax losses Other Total gross deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Cash flow hedges Amortised income on loans Assets used in business Available for sale securities Total gross deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets Represented on the balance sheet as follows: Deferred tax assets Of which: Continuing operations Discontinued operations 2011 € m (4) - (148) (93) (1) (20) (3,707) - (3,973) 28 204 16 33 281 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m (69) (23) (159) (63) (3) (35) (2,138) (40) (2,530) 61 - 9 - 70 (1) - (135) (105) (1) - (2,513) (3) (2,758) 14 - 6 - 20 (1) - (138) (47) (3) - (1,692) (11) (1,892) 51 - 5 - 56 (3,692) (2,460) (2,738) (1,836) (3,692) (2,460) (2,738) (1,836) (3,692) - (3,692) (2,384) (76) (2,460) (2,738) - (2,738) (1,836) - (1,836) For each of the years ended 31 December 2011 and 2010 full provision has been made for capital allowances and other temporary differences. Analysis of movements in deferred taxation At 1 January Acquisition of subsidiary (note 24) Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (note 26) Exchange translation and other adjustments Deferred tax through equity Income statement (note 17) At 31 December - continuing operations 2011 € m (2,384) (148) - (23) 11 (1,148) (3,692) Group 2010 € m (583) - 65 (1) (151) (1,714) (2,384) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m (1,836) - - 1 (97) (806) (2,738) (469) - - (1) (113) (1,253) (1,836) 331 Notes to the accounts 39 Deferred taxation (continued) Comments on the basis of recognition of deferred tax assets on unused tax losses are included in ‘Critical accounting policies and estimates’ on page 50. Comments on the prospective regulatory capital treatment of deferred tax assets are included in ‘Risk factors’ on page 67. At 31 December 2011 recognised deferred tax assets on tax losses and other temporary differences, net of deferred tax liabilities, totalled € 3,692 million (2010: € 2,384 million). The most significant tax losses arise in the Irish tax jurisdiction and their utilisation is dependent on future taxable profits. Temporary differences recognised in other comprehensive income consist of deferred tax on available for sale securities, cash flow hedges and actuarial gain/loss on retirement benefit schemes. Temporary differences recognised in the income statement consist of provision for impairment of loans and receivables, amortised income, assets leased to customers, and assets used in the course of business. Net deferred tax assets of € 3,692 million (2010: € 2,384 million) are expected to be recovered after more than 12 months; Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 2,738 million (2010: € 1,836 million). For certain subsidiaries and branches, the Group has concluded that it is more likely than not that there will be insufficient profits to support recognition of deferred tax assets. As a result, the Group has not recognised deferred tax assets in respect of unused tax losses of € 556 million in Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (2010: € 1 million) and foreign tax credits, for Irish tax purposes, of Nil (2010: € 5 million). Of the tax losses of € 556 million for which no deferred tax is recognised, € 53 million expire in 2031 and the remainder have no expiry date. The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint ventures, for which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised amounted to Nil (2010: Nil). The net deferred tax asset on items recognised directly in equity amounted to € 198 million (2010: € 168 million); Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 214 million (2010: € 120 million). 332 39 Deferred taxation (continued) Analysis of income tax relating to other comprehensive income Gross Tax Net of tax Continuing operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in cash flow hedge reserve Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Net actuarial gains in retirement benefit schemes Recognised losses in associated undertakings € m (5,108) (11) (242) 145 (534) 4 € m 1,188 - 33 (33) 70 - € m (3,920) (11) (209) 112 (464) 4 Total comprehensive income for the year (5,746) 1,258 (4,488) Attributable to: Owners of the parent (5,746) 1,258 (4,488) Discontinued operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in cash flow hedge reserve Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Gross Tax Net of tax € m 1,645 (134) 1 (99) 1,413 1,401 12 1,413 € m (17) - - 25 8 8 - 8 € m 1,628 (134) 1 (74) 1,421 1,409 12 1,421 2011 Non- Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m controlling interests net of tax € m - - - - - - - - (3,920) (11) (209) 112 (464) 4 (4,488) (4,488) 2011 Non- Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m controlling interests net of tax € m 20 (5) - (3) 12 - 12 12 1,608 (129) 1 (71) 1,409 1,409 - 1,409 333 Notes to the accounts 39 Deferred taxation (continued) Analysis of income tax relating to other comprehensive income Gross Tax Net of tax Continuing operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in cash flow hedge reserve Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Net actuarial gains in retirement benefit schemes Recognised losses in associated undertakings € m (12,071) 89 (48) (957) 3 (13) € m 1,710 - 7 144 (2) - € m (10,361) 89 (41) (813) 1 (13) Total comprehensive income for the year (12,997) 1,859 (11,138) Attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Discontinued operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Recognised gains in associated undertakings Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests (12,997) - (12,997) 1,859 - 1,859 (11,138) - (11,138) Gross Tax Net of tax € m 271 50 4 218 543 458 85 543 € m (72) - (1) - (73) (73) - (73) € m 199 50 3 218 470 385 85 470 Non- controlling interests net of tax € m - - - - - - - - - - 2010 Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m (10,361) 89 (41) (813) 1 (13) (11,138) (11,138) - (11,138) Non- controlling interests net of tax € m 2010 Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m 70 14 1 - 85 - 85 85 129 36 2 218 385 385 - 385 334 39 Deferred taxation (continued) Analysis of income tax relating to other comprehensive income Continuing operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in cash flow hedge reserve Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Net actuarial gains in retirement benefit schemes Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Discontinued operations Loss for the year Exchange translation adjustments Net change in cash flow hedge reserve Net change in fair value of available for sale securities Recognised losses in associated undertakings Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Owners of the parent Non-controlling interests Gross Tax Net of tax € m (2,662) 127 (69) 277 180 (2,147) (2,167) 20 (2,147) € m 373 - 4 (58) (6) 313 313 - 313 € m (2,289) 127 (65) 219 174 (1,834) (1,854) 20 (1,834) Gross Tax Net of tax € m 6 31 6 23 (40) 26 (56) 82 26 € m (51) - (2) (4) - (57) (57) - (57) € m (45) 31 4 19 (40) (31) (113) 82 (31) Non- controlling interests net of tax € m 20 - - - - 20 - 20 20 2009 Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m (2,309) 127 (65) 219 174 (1,854) (1,854) - (1,854) Non- controlling interests net of tax € m 2009 Net amount attributable to owners of the parent € m 59 14 - 9 - 82 - 82 82 (104) 17 4 10 (40) (113) (113) - (113) 335 Notes to the accounts 40 Deposits by central banks and banks Central banks Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Other borrowings Banks Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Other borrowings Of which: Due to third parties Due to subsidiary undertakings(1) Of which: Domestic offices Foreign offices Amounts include: Due to associated undertakings Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 26,966 302 27,268 4,706 14,176 18,882 46,150 32,675 13,475 46,150 27,885 7,981 35,866 10,025 27,714 37,739 73,605 47,101 26,504 73,605 2011 € m 30,831 302 31,133 5,048 709 5,757 36,890 Group 2010 € m 30,635 7,981 38,616 10,025 1,228 11,253 49,869 36,166 724 36,890 49,057 812 49,869 - - - - (1)Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings may include repurchase agreements. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, all of which mature within six months, (with the exception of € 3 billion funded through the ECB three year Long Term Refinancing Operation (“LTRO”)) are secured by Irish Government bonds, NAMA senior bonds, and other marketable securities. The Group has securitised certain of its mortgage and loan portfolios as outlined in note 73 in relation to AIB Mortgage Bank and EBS Limited.These securities, other than issued to external investors, have been pledged as collateral in addition to other securities held by the Group. In addition, the Group has granted a floating charge over certain residential mortgage pools, the drawings against which were Nil at 31 December 2011 (2010: € 2.1 billion). Financial assets pledged under agreements to repurchase with central banks and banks are as detailed in the following tables. Total carrying value of financial assets pledged Of which: Government securities(1) Other securities 2011 Central banks € m 36,944 17,868 19,076 2011 Central banks € m Total carrying value of financial assets pledged 32,832 Of which: Government securities(1) Other securities (1)Includes NAMA senior bonds. 336 17,685 15,147 2011 Banks € m 5,678 3,082 2,596 2011 Banks € m 5,350 3,082 2,268 Total € m 42,622 20,950 21,672 Total € m 38,182 20,767 17,415 2010 Central banks € m 50,635 11,686 38,949 2010 Central banks € m 46,593 11,686 34,907 2010 Banks € m 11,702 5,325 6,377 Group Total € m 62,337 17,011 45,326 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Total 2010 Banks € m 11,702 5,325 6,377 € m 58,295 17,011 41,284 41 Customer accounts Current accounts Demand deposits Time deposits Of which: Non-interest bearing current accounts Domestic offices Foreign offices Interest bearing deposits, current accounts and short-term borrowings Domestic offices Foreign offices Of which: Due to third parties Due to subsidiary undertakings(1) Amounts include: Due to associated undertakings (1)Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings may include repurchase agreements. 42 Debt securities in issue Bonds and medium term notes: European medium term note programme Bonds and other medium term notes Other debt securities in issue: Commercial paper Commercial certificates of deposit 2011 € m 15,530 9,828 35,316 60,674 10,147 1,765 37,457 11,305 60,674 Group 2010 € m 16,357 7,147 28,885 52,389 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 11,522 6,332 28,920 46,774 12,163 5,933 31,393 49,489 4,440 1,824 10,147 191 4,440 172 35,459 10,666 52,389 33,970 2,466 46,774 39,910 6,864 46,774 40,463 4,414 49,489 41,496 7,993 49,489 1,381 1,400 1,373 1,367 2011 € m 10,740 4,643 15,383 - 271 271 Group 2010 € m 11,933 2,765 14,698 712 254 966 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 9,689 - 9,689 - 213 213 11,933 - 11,933 424 254 678 15,654 15,664 9,902 12,611 43 Other liabilities Notes in circulation Items in transit Purchase of securities awaiting settlement Creditors Future commitments in relation to the funding of Icarom(1) Fair value of hedged liability positions Other 2011 € m 458 171 - 5 11 507 382 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 457 186 52 2 22 407 373 - 28 - - 11 128 249 416 - 16 - 2 22 115 259 414 1,534 1,499 (1)The provision represents the present value of the cost of the future commitments arising under the 1992 agreement in relation to the funding of Icarom. A discount rate of 4.77% was applied in the year ended 31 December 2011 (2010: 4.95%) in discounting the cost of the future commitments arising under this agreement. The undiscounted amount was € 11.5 million (2010: € 22.9 million). The unwinding of the discount on the provision amounted to € 0.8 million (2010: € 0.5 million). 337 0 1 0 2 l a t o T m € - 6 7 ) 4 ( ) 2 ( ) 5 2 ( ) 6 1 ( 2 1 1 , 1 1 4 1 , 1 - 1 8 4 1 6 3 ) 8 ( ) 6 1 ( 6 8 3 r e b m e c e D 1 3 1 1 0 2 l a t o T m € 4 1 1 4 1 , 1 - - 3 8 4 ) 0 9 4 ( ) 4 3 6 ( 4 1 5 - 3 7 6 8 3 0 6 3 ) 8 9 1 ( ) 5 8 1 ( 6 3 4 m € m € ) 2 ( r e h t O s n o i s i v o r p s m i a l c l a g e L m € s u o r e n O s t c a r t n o c m € A M A N s n o i s i v o r p m € ) 1 ( A M A N n o i t a g i l b o e v i t c u r t s n o c d n a m € s e g r a h c s e i t i l i b a i L 6 8 1 1 - 1 2 5 ) 4 5 ( ) 6 3 ( 0 6 9 6 3 7 - 9 3 ) 0 5 ( ) 8 2 ( 3 0 1 5 1 - - 6 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 0 1 4 - - 1 - - 5 7 2 - 1 5 ) 2 ( - 3 1 3 - - 5 ) 2 ( - 6 € : 0 1 0 2 ( n o i l l i m 4 6 4 - - - 4 ) 5 ( 3 0 4 - - 7 0 4 - - - - - 8 9 2 8 9 2 - - ) 6 ( - 6 2 0 , 1 ) 4 ( ) 3 3 4 ( ) 7 8 5 ( - - - - 3 9 2 - ) 6 4 1 ( ) 7 4 1 ( € o t s t n u o m a r a e y e n o i n h t i w d e l t t e s - - - 7 1 ) 4 ( 7 1 - ) 0 1 ( 4 2 - - 7 1 - 7 1 ) 0 1 ( 4 2 e b o t d e t c e p x e s t n e m t i m m o c d n a s e i t i l i b a i l r o f s n o i s i v o r P 4 4 s t n u o c c a e h t o t t s e o N 338 d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i d o t n o i t a c i f i s s a l c e R ) 3 ( y r a i d i s b u s f o n o i t i s i u q c A t n e m t s u j d a n o i t a l s n a r t e g n a h c x E e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n t n e m e t a t s e m o c n i o t d e g r a h c s t n u o m A t n e m e t a t s e m o c n i o t d e s a e l e r s t n u o m A d e s i l i t u s n o i s i v o r P r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A t n e m e t a t s e m o c n i o t d e g r a h c s t n u o m A t n e m e t a t s e m o c n i o t d e s a e l e r s t n u o m A t n e m t s u j d a n o i t a l s n a r t e g n a h c x E ) 6 ( y r a i d i s b u s f o n o i t i s i u q c A . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A y r a u n a J 1 t A d e s i l i t u s n o i s i v o r P r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A y r a u n a J 1 t A p u o r G s t n e m t t i m m o c d n a s e i t i l i b a i l r o f s n o i s i v o r p l a t o t e h T . ) n o i l l i m 9 6 3 € : 0 1 0 2 ( n o i l l i m 8 0 4 € . c . l . p , s k n a B h s i r I d e i l l A , ) n o i l l i m 3 1 1 , 1 n i e c a l p k o o t s r e f s n a r t s A . 1 1 0 2 n i y l r a e A M A N o t r e f s n a r t o t d e t c e p x e e r e w h c i h w n o i l l i m 8 4 2 , 2 € o t g n i t n u o m a s n a o l f o e u l a v g n i y r r a c s s o r g a n o . t n e c r e p 0 6 e b o t i d e n m r e t e d t n u o c s i d d e t c e p x e e h t r o f e d a m s a w , n o i t a g i l b o s i h t t a A M A N o t g n i r r e f s n a r t s a d e i f i s s a l c e r e w s n a o l r e h t r u f o n s a l i N o t d e t n u o m a n o i s i v o r p e h t , 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t a , y l g n i d r o c c A . r e f s n a r t y l e t a m i t l u t o n d i d 1 1 0 2 n i A M A N o t g n i r r e f s n a r t s a d e t a n g i s e d s n a o l e h t f o t n u o m a e h t s a e s o r a n o i s i v o r p e h t f o n o i t a s i l i t u - n o n e h T . t n e m e t a t s e m o c n i e h t o t d e s a e l e r s a w n o i l l i m 3 3 4 € , t n u o m a i g n n i a m e r e h T . s r e f s n a r t e h t n o g n i s i r a s s o l e h t o t t e s f f o n a s a d e s i l i t u t r a p s a w n o i s i v o r p s i h t f o n o i l l i m 7 8 5 € , 1 1 0 2 . s t s o c n o i t a s i n a g r o e r d n a g n i r u t c u r t s e r , s r e m o t s u c o t t n e m y a p e r r o f s n o i s i v o r p s e d u l c n I ) 2 ( . ) 4 2 e t o n ( S B E f o n o i t i s i u q c a e h t o t s e t a l e R ) 3 ( . e t a d . ) 8 e t o n ( 1 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t a d e l t t e s n e e b t o n e v a h h c i h w s r e f s n a r t o t s t n e m t s u j d a f o t c e p s e r n i A M A N o t e u d s t n u o m a t n e s e r p e r s n o i s i v o r p A M A N ) 5 ( . M O I o l g n A f o n o i t i s i u q c a e h t o t s e t a l e R ) 6 ( . . t n e m e t a t S e m o c n I n i s t n e m t i m m o c d n a s e i t i l i b a i l r o f s n o i s i v o r p f o e g r a h c / ) k c a b e t i r w ( n i d e d u l c n I ) 4 ( e v i t c u r t s n o c a g n i e b ) n o i l l i m 6 2 0 , 1 € n o i s i v o r p n o i t i s o p l a i c n a n i f f o t n e m e t a t s ( , n o i l l i m 9 2 0 , 1 € f o s s o l r o t i f o r p o t e g r a h c a y l g n i d r o c c a , e l b a d i o v a n u d e m e e d s a w A M A N o t s n a o l n i a t r e c f o r e f s n a r t e h t , 0 1 0 2 r e b m e c e D 1 3 t A ) 1 ( 45 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Notes 2011 € m 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € 1.6bn Contingent Capital Tier 2 Notes due 2016 Proceeds of issue Fair value adjustment on initial recognition Amortisation in year Undated loan capital Dated loan capital Subsidiary undertakings Perpetual preferred securities Undated loan capital(1) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. US$ 100m Floating Rate Primary Capital Perpetual Notes(2) € 200m Fixed Rate Perpetual Subordinated Notes(2) Stg£ 400m Perpetual Callable Step-Up Subordinated Notes(2) Subsidiary undertakings - perpetual preferred securities Stg£ 350m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities(2) € 500m Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-Voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities(2) Dated loan capital(1) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. European Medium Term Note Programme: US$ 400m Floating Rate Notes due July 2015 € 400m Floating Rate Notes due March 2015 € 500m Callable Step-up Floating Rate Notes due October 2017 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO(3)) € 419m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 US$ 177m 10.75% Subordinated Notes due March 2017 € 869m 12.5% Subordinated Notes due June 2019 Stg£ 368m 12.5% Subordinated Notes due June 2019 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO(3)) Stg£ 1,096m 11.50% Subordinated Notes due March 2022 Stg£ 700m Callable Fixed/Floating Rates Notes due July 2023 Stg£ 500m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2025 (maturity extended to 2035 as a result of the SLO(3)) Stg£ 350m Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due November 2030 JPY 20bn Callable Step-up Fixed/Floating Rate Notes due March 2042 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) 1,600 (447) 24 1,177 - 32 32 - - - - - 197 3,996 4,193 138 1,209 4,331 - - - - - - - - - - 7 - - - 25 - - - - - 32 75 54 68 197 43 95 138 335 134 188 167 436 137 807 401 1,314 175 22 31 184 3,996 339 Notes to the accounts 45 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) Maturity of dated loan capital Dated loan capital outstanding is repayable as follows: In one year or less Between 1 and 2 years Between 2 and 5 years In 5 years or more 2011 € m - - - 32 32 2010 € m - - 322 3,674 3,996 (1)The carrying value may differ to nominal value due to premia, discounts and note issue costs. (2)In November 2009, the European Commission indicated that, in line with its policy on State aid and pending its assessment of the AIB Restructuring Plan, the Group was not to make coupon payments on its tier 1 and tier 2 capital instruments unless under a binding legal obligation to do so (note 56). As a result, no coupon payments were made on these instruments. (3)Following on the liability management exercises in 2011 and the SLO in April 2011, the carrying values above remained outstanding. The SLO, which was effective from 22 April 2011, changed the terms of all outstanding instruments.. The original liabilities were derecognised and new liabilities recognised, with their initial measurement based on the fair value at the SLO effective date. The contractual maturity date changed to 2035 as a result of the SLO, with the coupon to be payable at the option of AIB (note 7). The loan capital of the Group and its subsidiaries is unsecured and is subordinated in right of payment to the ordinary creditors, including depositors, of the Group and its subsidiaries. € 1.6bn Contingent Capital Tier 2 Notes due 2016 (a) On 26 July 2011, AIB issued €1.6 billion in nominal value of Contingent Capital Tier 2 Notes (‘CCNs’) to the Minister for Finance of Ireland (‘the Minister’) for cash consideration of € 1.6 billion.The fair value of these notes at initial recognition was € 1,153 million with € 447 million being accounted for as a capital contribution from the Minister (note 50). Interest is payable annually in arrears on the nominal value of the notes at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. The interest rate may increase up to 18% at the behest of the Minister but with effect only from the date that the CCNs are sold to a third party external to a State entity. The notes are due to mature on 28 July 2016.The CCNs are unsecured and subordinated obligations of AIB. They rank (a) junior to the claims of all holders of unsubordinated obligations of AIB; (b) pari passu with the claims of holders of all other subordinated obligations of AIB which qualify as consolidated Tier 2 capital of the Group for regulatory capital purposes or which rank, or are expressed to rank, pari passu with the CCNs; and (c) senior to the claims of holders of all other subordinated obligations of AIB which rank junior to the CCNs including any subordinated obligations of AIB which qualify as Tier 1 capital of the Group for regulatory purposes. While the CCNs are outstanding, if the Core Tier 1 capital ratio (the CET Ratio after the CRD IV implementation date) falls below the Trigger ratio of 8.25%, the CCNs are immediately and mandatorily redeemable and will convert to ordinary shares of AIB at a conversion price of €0.01 per share. Undated loan capital - Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (b) The US$ 100 million Floating Rate Primary Capital Perpetual Notes, with interest payable quarterly, have no final maturity but may be redeemed at par at the option of the Group, on each coupon payment date, with the prior approval of the Central Bank of Ireland (‘the Central Bank’). These notes were purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). (c) The € 200 million Fixed Rate Perpetual Subordinated Notes, with interest payable quarterly at a rate of 2.25% per annum above 3 month EURIBOR since 3 August 2009, have no final maturity but may be redeemed at the option of the Group, with the prior approval of the Central Bank, on each coupon payment date on or after 3 August 2009. At 31 December 2010, € 53.8 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of € 146.2 million of the subordinated notes. The remaining amount outstanding on these notes was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). (d) The Stg£ 400 million Perpetual Callable Step-Up Subordinated Notes with interest payable annually up to 1 September 2015 and with interest payable quarterly thereafter, have no final maturity but may be redeemed at the option of the Group, with the prior approval of the Central Bank, on 1 September 2015 and every interest payment date thereafter. At 31 December 2010, Stg£ 58.6 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of Stg£ 341.4 million of the subordinated notes. The remaining amount outstanding on these notes was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). 340 45 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) Undated loan capital, subsidiary undertakings - perpetual preferred securities The Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (‘Preferred Securities’) were issued through Limited Partnerships. The Preferred Securities were issued at par, have the benefit of a subordinated guarantee of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”), have no fixed final redemption date and the holders have no rights to call for the redemption of the Preferred Securities. The substitution of the Preferred Securities with fully paid non-cumulative preference shares issued by the Guarantor is subject, in particular cases, to certain events and conditions that are beyond the control of both the Guarantor and the holders of the Preferred Securities. The distributions on the Preferred Securities are non-cumulative. The Board of Directors has the discretion not to pay a distribution on the Preferred Securities, unless the Preferred Securities no longer qualify as regulatory capital resources of AIB, and AIB is in compliance with its capital adequacy requirements. In the event of the dissolution of the Limited Partnerships, holders of Preferred Securities will be entitled to receive a liquidation preference in an amount equal to the distributions that those holders would have received in a dissolution of AIB at that time, if they had held, instead of the Preferred Securities, non-cumulative preference shares issued directly by AIB, having the same liquidation preference as the Preferred Securities, and ranking junior to all liabilities of AIB including subordinated liabilities. (e) The distributions on the Stg£ 350 million Preferred Securities (“LP3”) are payable at a rate of 6.271% semi-annually until 14 June 2016 and thereafter at a rate of 1.23% per annum above 3 month LIBOR, payable quarterly. The LP3 Preferred Securities are redeemable in whole but not in part at the option of the general partner and with the agreement of the Central Bank (i) upon the occurrence of certain events or (ii) on or after 14 June 2016. At 31 December 2010, Stg£ 36.7 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of Stg£ 313 million of the preferred securities. The remaining amount outstanding on these instruments was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). (f) The distributions on the € 500 million Preferred Securities (“LP2”) are payable at a rate of 5.142% per annum until 16 June 2016 and thereafter at a rate of 1.98% per annum above 3 month LIBOR, payable quarterly. The LP2 preferred securities are redeemable in whole but not in part at the option of the general partner and with the agreement of the Central Bank (i) upon the occurrence of certain events or (ii) on or after 16 June 2016. At 31 December 2010, € 95 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of € 405 million of the preferred securities. The remaining amount outstanding on these instruments was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 (note 7). Dated loan capital The dated loan capital in this section issued under the European Medium Term Note Programme is subordinated in right of payment to the ordinary creditors, including depositors, of the Group. During 2010, the Group redeemed certain of these capital instruments and in 2011, all the outstanding amounts were either purchased for cash or derecognised following a Subordinated Liabilities Order (“SLO”) details of which are set out below and in note 56(b)(ii). (g) The US$ 400 million Floating Rate Notes with interest payable quarterly, may be redeemed, in whole but not in part, on any interest payment date falling on or after July 2010. The Group redeemed US$ 221.4 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving US$ 178.6 million outstanding following redemption. The remaining amount outstanding on these notes was purchased in full for cash during 2011 (note 7). (h) The € 400 million Floating Rate Notes with interest payable quarterly, may be redeemed, in whole but not in part, on any interest payment date falling on or after March 2010. The Group redeemed € 212.2 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving € 187.8 million outstanding following redemption. This outstanding amount was purchased in full for cash in 2011 (note 7). (i) The € 500 million Callable Subordinated Step-Up Floating Rate Notes with interest payable quarterly may be redeemed in whole but not in part on any interest payment date falling on or after 24 October 2012. The Group redeemed € 332.5 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving € 167.5 million outstanding following redemption. Of this outstanding amount, € 142 million was purchased for cash during 2011 with the remainder being derecognised following the introduction of the SLO. A new instrument was subsequently recognised and measured at a fair value of € 7 million (note 7). 341 Notes to the accounts 45 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments (continued) Dated loan capital (continued) (j) The € 419 million Subordinated Notes with interest paid annually in arrears, at a rate of 10.75% per annum until maturity in March 2017, may be redeemed at par, up to and including 29 March 2017. These notes were purchased in full for cash during 2011 (note 7). (k) The US$ 177 million Subordinated Notes with interest paid annually in arrears, at a rate of 10.75% per annum until maturity in March 2017, may be redeemed at par, up to and including March 2017.These notes were purchased in full for cash during 2011 (note 7). (l) The € 869 million Subordinated Notes with interest paid annually in arrears, at a rate of 12.5% per annum until maturity in June 2019, may be redeemed at par, on 25 June 2019.These notes were purchased in full for cash during 2011(note 7). (m) The Stg£ 368 million Subordinated Notes with interest paid annually in arrears, at a rate of 12.5% per annum until maturity in June 2019, may be redeemed at par, on 25 June 2019.During 2011, Stg£ 289 million was purchased for cash with the remainder amounting to Stg£ 79 million being derecognised following the introduction of the SLO. A new instrument was subsequently recognised and measured at a fair value of Stg£ 20 million (note 7). (n) The Stg£ 1,096 million Subordinated Debt Notes with interest paid annually in arrears, at a rate of 11.5% per annum until maturity in March 2022, may be redeemed at par, up to and including 29 March 2022.These notes were purchased in full for cash during 2011 (note 7). (o) The Stg£ 700 million Callable Dated Subordinated Fixed/Floating Rate Notes with interest paid semi-annually in arrears, at a rate of 7.875% per annum until June 2018.The notes may be redeemed, in whole but not in part, on any quarterly interest payment date falling on or after June 2018 during which period the floating rate will be 3.5% above 3 month sterling Libor. The Group redeemed Stg£ 548.6 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving Stg£ 151.4 million outstanding following redemption.These notes were purchased in full for cash during 2011 (note 7). (p) The Stg£ 500 million Subordinated Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes with interest payable annually, up to 10 March 2020 at a rate of 5.25% and with interest payable quarterly thereafter at a rate of 1.28% above 3 month sterling Libor may be redeemed, in whole but not in part on any interest payment date falling on or after 10 March 2020. The Group redeemed Stg£ 481 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving Stg£ 19 million outstanding following redemption. Of this outstanding amount, Stg£ 18 million was purchased for cash during 2011, with the remainder Stg£ 1 million being derecognised following the introduction of the SLO. A new instrument was subsequently recognised and measured at a fair value of Stg£ 0.3 million (note 7). (q) The Stg£ 350 million Callable Fixed/Floating Rate Notes with interest payable annually in arrears on 26 November in each year, at a rate of 5.625% up to November 2025. The notes may be redeemed, in whole but not in part, on the 26 November 2025 and on each interest payment date thereafter during which period the floating rate will be 1.45% above 3 month sterling Libor. The Group redeemed Stg£ 323.3 million of these notes in March 2010, leaving Stg£ 26.7 million outstanding following redemption.These notes were purchased in full for cash in January 2011 (note 7). (r) The Japanese Yen (“JPY”) 20 billion Callable Subordinated Step-up Fixed/Floating Rate Notes with interest payable semi- annually at a rate of 2.75% up to March 2037 and with interest payable semi annually thereafter at a rate of 0.78% above JPY Libor, are redeemable in whole but not in part on any interest payment date falling on or after 8 March 2037.These notes were purchased in full for cash in January 2011 (note 7). In all cases, redemption prior to maturity is subject to the necessary prior approval of the Central Bank. 342 46 Share capital Ordinary share capital Authorised 2010 m 2011 m 2011 m Ordinary shares of € 0.01 each (2010: € 0.32 each) 702,000.0 2,535.1 513,528.8 Convertible non-voting shares of € 0.32 each - 10,489.9 - Preference share capital Issued 2010 m 1,791.6 10,489.9 2009 Non cumulative preference shares of € 0.01 each 3,500.0 3,500.0 3,500.0 3,500.0 Non cumulative preference shares of € 1.27 each Non cumulative preference shares of Stg£ 1 each Non cumulative preference shares of US$ 25 Non cumulative preference shares of JPY 175 Deferred share capital Deferred shares of €0.01 each 2011 - - - - 200.0 200.0 20.0 200.0 403,775.2 - - - - - - - - - - - (i) On 31 March 2011, following completion of the Central Bank of Ireland’s Prudential Capital Assessment Review and the Prudential Liquidity Assessment Review, the Central Bank of Ireland announced the requirement for the Company to raise equity capital of € 9.1 billion in addition to the requirement of approximately € 4.2 billion deferred from February 2011, bringing the total capital which AIB would be required to raise to € 13.3 billion. (ii) On 1 April 2011, the company completed the sale of its stake in Bank Zachodni WBK S.A., following which on 7 April 2011, the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) issued a Conversion Order to convert all of its CNV Shares (total shares 10,489,899,564 (€ 3,357 million)) into ordinary shares. The conversion was completed on 8 April 2011. (iii) On 13 May 2011, arising from the non-payment of dividend amounting to € 280 million on the 2009 Preference Shares, the NPRFC became entitled to bonus shares in lieu and the Company issued 484,902,878 new ordinary shares by way of a bonus issue to the NPRFC in part settlement of the dividend. In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, an amount of € 155 million, equal to the nominal value of the shares issued, was transferred from share premium to ordinary share capital. The remainder of the bonus shares due to the NPRFC of 762,370,687 were issued to the NPRFC following the required approvals by the shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting (“EGM”) on the 26 July 2011. This issue included an additional 38,118,535 shares being prescribed by the Company’s Articles of Association as a result of the 2011 annual cash dividend not being satisfied in full on the due date. This issue of shares resulted in € 8 million (the nominal value of the shares issued was € 0.01 each per share) being transferred from share premium to ordinary share capital. (iv) On 26 July 2011, following the passing of shareholder resolutions at the EGM: - - - the ordinary shares of the Company were renominalised, each ordinary share of € 0.32 was subdivided into one ordinary share of € 0.01 each carrying the same rights and obligations as an existing ordinary share and thirty one deferred shares of € 0.01. The deferred shares created on the renominalisation had no voting or dividend rights and had no economic value; the Company acquired all of the deferred shares for nil consideration and immediately cancelled them in accordance with its Articles of Association adopted at the EGM which resulted in € 3,958 million transferring from share capital to a capital redemption reserve fund; and all of the authorised but unissued preference shares denominated in Euro, sterling, US dollars and yen (other than the 2009 Preference Shares),were cancelled. (v) On 27 July 2011, the Company issued 500 billion ordinary shares of € 0.01 each to the NPRFC at a subscription price of € 0.01 per share (€ 5 billion in total) as part of the capital raising transaction agreed with the Irish Government. 2010 (i) On 13 May 2010, the Company issued 198,089,847 new ordinary shares, by way of a bonus issue, to the National Pension Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”), as agent of the Irish Government in lieu of a dividend of € 280 million which was payable on the 2009 Non-Cumulative Preference Shares. In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association an amount of € 63 million equal to the nominal value of the shares issued was transferred from share premium to ordinary share capital. (ii) On 23 December 2010, consequent upon a Direction Order under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 (‘the Direction Order’), the Company increased its authorised share capital from € 884,200,000, US$ 500,000,000, 343  Notes to the accounts 46 Share capital (continued) 2010 (continued) Stg£ 200,000,000 and Yen 35,000,000,000 to € 4,457,002,371, US$ 500,000,000, Stg£ 200,000,000 and Yen 35,000,000,000, by the creation of 675,107,845 ordinary shares of € 0.32 each, such shares forming one class with the existing ordinary shares, and 10,489,899,564 convertible non-voting shares of € 0.32 each (‘CNV shares’), which ranked pari passu with the ordinary shares other than in respect of voting, and are convertible into ordinary shares on a one for one basis following completion of the disposal of the Company’s 70.36% stake in Bank Zachodni WBK S.A. to Banco Santander (‘the BZWBK disposal’) (note 18); (iii) On 23 December 2010, consequent upon the Direction Order, the Company issued 675,107,845 new ordinary shares and 10,489,899,564 CNV shares to the NPFRC. Total gross proceeds from the issue before costs of € 65.9 million amounted to € 3,818.4 million. Warrants with a carrying value of € 150 million relating to the 2009 recapitalisation which were held by the NPRFC were cancelled on 23 December 2010 for € 52.5 million from the proceeds of the share issue. The difference between the carrying value of the warrants and the consideration for cancellation was transferred as a credit of € 97.5 million to revenue reserves. Preference share capital On 13 May 2009, in implementing the Government’s recapitalisation of AIB, the Company issued: (i) € 3.5 billion of core tier 1 securities in the form of non-cumulative redeemable preference shares (the ‘2009 Preference Shares’) and (ii) 294,251,819 warrants over ordinary shares (the ‘2009 Warrants’), to the NPRFC for an aggregate subscription price of € 3.5 billion. The Government’s national pensions reserve fund, is controlled by the NPRFC and managed by the National Treasury Management Agency (“NTMA”). 2009 Preference Shares The 2009 Preference Shares carry a fixed non cumulative dividend at a rate of 8% per annum, payable annually in arrears at the discretion of AIB. If a cash dividend is not paid, AIB must issue bonus ordinary shares to the holders of the 2009 Preference Shares by capitalising its reserves. The issue of bonus shares can be deferred by AIB, but the holders of 2009 Preference Shares will acquire voting rights at general meetings of AIB equivalent to the voting rights that would have attached to the bonus shares if they had been issued. The dividend may not be deferred beyond the date on which AIB (a) pays a cash dividend on the 2009 Preference Shares, the Perpetual Preferred Securities issued by LPI, or on the ordinary shares; or (b) redeems or purchases any of the 2009 Preference Shares, the Perpetual Preferred Securities issued by LPI, or ordinary shares. Arising from this provision, AIB issued ordinary shares in lieu of dividend due to the NPRFC on both 13 May 2010 and 13 May 2011. In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, an amount of € 163 million (2010: € 63 million), equal to the nominal value of the shares issued, was transferred from the share premium to the ordinary share capital account (see below). The 2009 Preference Shares may be purchased or redeemed at the option of AIB, in whole or in part, from distributable profits and/or the proceeds of an issue of shares constituting core tier 1 capital, for the first five years after the date of issue for the subscription price of € 1.00 per share and thereafter at redemption or purchase price of 125 per cent. of the subscription price, subject at all times to the consent of the Central Bank. The 2009 Preference Shares give the Minister for Finance the right, while any such preference shares are outstanding, to appoint directly 25 per cent. of the directors of AIB and has voting rights equal to 25 per cent. of all votes capable of being cast by shareholders on a poll at a general meeting of the Company on shareholder resolutions relating to: (i) the appointment, reappointment or removal of Directors; and (ii) a change of control of AIB or a sale of all or substantially all of its business. In relation to item (i) above, the 25 per cent. voting rights entitlement is inclusive of the voting rights of all Government entities in respect of any ordinary shares they may hold. To the extent that the NPRFC holds ordinary shares, it is not restricted from exercising its voting rights in respect of such ordinary shares at a general meeting of the Company. The 2009 Preference Shares are freely transferable in minimum lots of 50,000 shares. However, the voting rights attaching to the 2009 Preference Shares, the right to appoint directors to the board of AIB and the veto over certain share capital-related resolutions are not transferable, as those rights are exercisable only by a Government Preference Shareholder. The 2009 Warrants In conjunction with the issue of the 2009 Preference Shares, the Group issued 294,251,819 Warrants to the NPRFC. The 2009 Warrants were cancelled on 23 December 2010 for a total consideration of € 52.5 million. 344 46 Share capital (continued) The following tables show the movements in share capital and share premium in the statement of financial position during the year: Issued share capital At 1 January Issued pre-renominalisation: - Ordinary shares in lieu of dividend on 2009 Preference Shares - Ordinary shares issued under Direction Order - Convertible non-voting (“CNV”) shares issued under Direction Order - Ordinary shares issued on conversion of CNV shares CNV shares converted to ordinary shares Total before renominalisation in 2011 Ordinary shares of € 0.32 each renominalised Ordinary shares of € 0.01 each arising on renominalisation Deferred shares of € 0.01 each arising on renominalisation Cancellation of deferred shares Ordinary shares issued in lieu of dividend on 2009 Preference Shares Ordinary shares issued to the NPRFC At 31 December Of which: Ordinary shares 2009 Preference shares CNV shares 2011 € m 3,965 155 - - 3,357 (3,357) 4,120 (4,085) 127 3,958 (3,958) 8 5,000 5,170 5,135 35 - 5,170 2010 € m 329 63 216 3,357 - - 3,965 - - - - - - 3,965 573 35 3,357 3,965 345  Notes to the accounts 46 Share capital (continued) Share premium At 1 January Transfer to ordinary share capital in respect of ordinary shares issued in lieu of dividend on 2009 Preference Shares Ordinary shares issued for consideration: Excess of issue price over the nominal value Issue costs Convertible non-voting shares issued for consideration: Excess of issue price over the nominal value Issue costs At 31 December Structure of the Company’s share capital as at 31 December 2011 Class of share Ordinary share capital Convertible non-voting shares Deferred shares 2009 Preference Shares Capital resources The following table shows the Group’s capital resources at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. Shareholders’ equity(1) Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (note 53) Contingent capital notes Perpetual preferred securities (note 45) Undated capital notes (note 45) Dated capital notes (note 45) Total capital resources (1)Includes other equity interests. 2011 € m 5,089 (163) - - (163) - - - 2010 € m 4,975 (63) 40 (6) (29) 205 (62) 143 4,926 5,089 Authorised share capital % Issued share capital % 63.3 - 36.4 0.3 2011 € m 14,463 - 1,177 - - 32 15,672 99.3 - - 0.7 2010 € m 3,659 690 - 138 197 3,996 8,680 346 47 Analysis of selected other comprehensive income Gross € m Tax € m 2011 Net € m Gross € m Tax € m 2010 Net € m Gross € m Tax € m 2009 Net € m (11) (11) 89 89 - - 89 89 127 127 - - 127 127 Group Continuing operations Foreign currency translation reserves Change in foreign currency translation reserves Total Cash flow hedging reserves Fair value (gains) transferred to income statement Fair value (losses)/gains taken to equity Total Available for sale securities reserves Fair value losses/(gains) transferred to income statement Fair value (losses)/gains taken to equity Total Group Discontinued operations Foreign currency translation reserves Transferred to income statement on disposal of foreign operation Change in foreign currency translation reserves Total Cash flow hedging reserves Fair value losses transferred to income statement Fair value (losses)/gains taken to equity Total Available for sale securities reserves Fair value (gains)/losses transferred to income statement Fair value (losses)/gains taken to equity Total (11) (11) (115) (127) (242) - - 14 19 33 (101) (108) (209) (403) 355 (48) 443 (298) 145 (54) 21 (33) 389 (277) 112 (15) (942) (957) 52 (45) 7 5 139 144 Gross € m Tax € m (106) (28) (134) 4 (3) 1 (82) (17) (99) - - - (1) 1 - 16 9 25 2011 Net € m (106) (28) (134) 3 (2) 1 (66) (8) (74) Gross € m Tax € m - 50 50 29 (29) - (2) 6 4 - - - (6) 6 - - (1) (1) (351) 310 (41) (10) (803) (813) 2010 Net € m - 50 50 23 (23) - (2) 5 3 (480) 411 (69) (211) 488 277 58 (54) 4 (422) 357 (65) 40 (98) (58) (171) 390 219 Gross € m Tax € m 2009 Net € m - 31 31 3 3 6 1 22 23 - - - (1) (1) (2) - (4) (4) - 31 31 2 2 4 1 18 19 347 Notes to the accounts 47 Analysis of selected other comprehensive income (continued) Analysis of total comprehensive income included within statement of changes in equity Revenue reserves 2011 Total € m (3,071) 4 (3,067) 12 hedging reserves Cash flow Net actuarial gains/(losses) in retirement benefit schemes € m (464) 4 € m (208) - (208) - (460) - Other revenue reserves € m (2,292) - (2,292) 20 Foreign currency translation reserves € m (145) - (145) (5) Available for sale securities reserves € m 38 - 38 (3) 41 (208) (460) (2,312) (140) (3,079) Available for sale securities reserves Cash flow hedging reserves € m (810) 26 (784) 1 (785) € m (41) - (41) - (41) Revenue reserves Net actuarial gains/(losses) in retirement benefit schemes € m 1 (13) (12) - Other revenue reserves € m (10,162) - (10,162) 70 (12) (10,232) Foreign currency translation reserves € m 139 192 331 14 317 2010 Total € m (10,873) 205 (10,668) 85 (10,753) Parent and subsidiaries Associated undertakings Total Non-controlling interests Attributable to equity holders of the parent Parent and subsidiaries Associated undertakings Total Non-controlling interests Attributable to equity holders of the parent 348 48 Own shares Treasury shares Ordinary shares previously purchased under shareholder authority and held as Treasury Shares are as follows: At 31 December Since 2008, the company has not reissued any ordinary shares from its pool of Treasury Shares. 2011 2010 35,680,114 35,680,114 Employee share schemes and trusts The Group sponsors a number of employee share plans whereby purchases of shares are made in the open market to satisfy commitments under the schemes. At 31 December 2011, 2.6 million shares (2010 1.7 million) were held by trustees with a book value of € 25.6 million (2010: € 24.9 million), and a market value of € 0.2 million (2010: € 0.5 million). The book value is deducted from the profit and loss account reserve while the shares continue to be held by the Group. The Group sponsors SAYE schemes for eligible employees in the UK, the Isle of Man and Channel Islands. The trustees of the schemes have borrowed funds from Group companies, interest free, to enable them to purchase Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. ordinary shares in the open market. These shares are used to satisfy commitments arising under the schemes.The cost of providing these shares is charged to the income statement on a systematic basis over the period that the employees are expected to benefit. At 31 December 2011, 1.5 million shares (2010: 1.5 million) were held by the trustees with a book value of € 23.1 million (2010: € 22.5 million) and a market value of € 0.2 million (2010: € 0.4 million). In 2001, the AIB Group Employee Share Trust was established to satisfy commitments arising under the AIB Group Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”). Funds were provided to the trustees to enable them to purchase Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. ordinary shares in the open market. The trustees have waived their entitlement to dividends. At 31 December 2011, 0.01 million shares (2010: 0.01 million shares) were held by the trustees with a book value of € 0.1 million (2010: € 0.1 million) and a market value of € 0.002 million (2010: € 0.004 million). At 31 December 2011, 0.2 million (2010: 0.2 million) ordinary shares were held by the trust with a cost of € 2.4 million (2010: € 2.3 million) and a market value of Nil (2010: € 0.1 million) in relation to the Allfirst Stock Option Plans.(1) (1)Prior to its disposal to M&T Bank Corporation, Allfirst Financial, Inc. sponsored the Allfirst Stock Option Plans, for the benefit of key employees of Allfirst. 349 Notes to the accounts 49 Other equity interests Reserve capital instruments (“RCI”) At 1 January Redemption of RCI (note 7) Warrants At 1 January Cancellation of warrants 2011 € m 239 (239) - - - - - 2010 € m 239 - 239 150 (150) - 239 RCIs In February 2001, Reserve Capital Instruments (“RCIs”) of € 500 million were issued by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. at an issue price of 100.069%. The RCIs were perpetual securities and had no maturity date. The RCIs were redeemable, in whole but not in part, at the option of the Group and with the agreement of the Central Bank (i) upon the occurrence of certain events, or (ii) on or after 28 February 2011, an authorised officer having reported to the Trustees within the previous six months that a solvency condition is met. The RCIs bear interest at a rate of 7.50% per annum from (and including) 5 February 2001 to (and including) 28 February 2011 and thereafter at 3.33% per annum above three month EURIBOR, reset quarterly. The rights and claims of the RCI holders and the coupon holders were subordinated to the claims of the senior creditors and the senior subordinated creditors of the issuer. In the event of a winding up of the issuer, the RCI holders will rank pari passu with the holders of the classes of preference shares (if any) from time to time issued by the issuer and in priority to all other shareholders. The coupon on the RCI which was due to be paid on 28 February 2011 was not paid (note 56(h)). At 31 December 2010, € 239 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of € 258 million of the RCI (note 7). The outstanding amount of € 239 million was purchased in full for cash in June 2011 at a discount of 90.4% to nominal value resulting in a gain of € 216 million which was recognised in equity. The coupon, which was due to be paid on the RCI on 28 February 2011, was not paid. Warrants On 23 December 2010, the Warrants held by the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission attaching to the 2009 Preference Shares were cancelled for a total consideration of € 52.5 million (note 46). The balance of € 97.5 million remaining in the Warrants account, was transferred to revenue reserves. 50 Capital reserves Group Capital reserves at 1 January 2011 Capital contributions Anglo business transfer (note 23) EBS acquisition (note 24)(1) CCNs issuance (note 45) Transfer to revenue reserves: Anglo business transfer CCNs issuance (note 45) Other movements Net movements for the year At 31 December 2011 350 Capital contribution reserves € m - 1,498 777 447 2,722 (66) (24) (90) - 2,632 2,632 Other capital reserves € m 253 - - - - - - - - - 253 2011 Total € m 253 1,498 777 447 2,722 (66) (24) (90) - 2,632 2,885 Capital contribution reserves € m - - - - - - - - - Other capital reserves € m 683 - - - - - 2010 Total € m 683 - - - - - (430) (430) 253 (430) (430) 253 50 Capital reserves (continued) Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Capital reserves at 1 January 2011 Capital contribution - Anglo business transfer (note 23) EBS acquisition (note 24)(1) CCNs issuance (note 45) Transfer to revenue reserves: Anglo business transfer EBS acquisition CCNs issuance (note 45) Net movements for the year At 31 December 2011 Capital contribution reserves € m - 1,498 742 447 2,687 (66) (742) (24) (832) 1,855 1,855 Other capital reserves € m 156 - - - - - - - - 156 2011 Total € m 156 1,498 742 447 2,687 (66) (742) (24) (832) 1,855 2,011 Capital contribution reserves € m - - - - - - - - - - - Other capital reserves € m 156 - - - - - - - - - 2010 Total € m 156 - - - - - - - - - 156 156 (1)The capital contribution is higher for Group than at Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. level due to the elimination of negative mark to market on intercompany investments between Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and EBS. The capital contributions are initially non-distributable but may become distributable as outlined in accounting policy number 29. The transfers to revenue reserves relate to the capital contributions being deemed distributable. In addition to the capital contributions above, AIB also received capital contributions in 2011 amounting to € 6,054 million which are included in revenue reserves (note 52). 51 Capital redemption reserves On 26 July 2011, the ordinary shares of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. were renominalised which resulted in the creation of ordinary shares of € 0.01 each, totalling € 127 million and deferred shares of € 0.01 each, totalling € 3,958 million. The deferred shares were acquired by AIB for Nil consideration and immediately cancelled which resulted in € 3,958 million transferring from share capital to capital redemption reserves (note 46). These reserves are non-distributable. 52 Contributions from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC On 28 July 2011, the Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) and the NPRFC agreed to contribute € 2,283 million and € 3,771 million respectively (total € 6,054 million) as capital contributions to AIB for Nil consideration. These capital contributions constitute core tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes and are included within ‘Revenue reserves’. Neither the Minister nor the NPRFC has an entitlement to seek repayment of these capital contributions. 351  Notes to the accounts 53 Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries Equity interest in subsidiaries At 1 January Movement during the year Extinguishment of equity interests(1) Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (“LPI”) At 1 January Purchase of Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities 2011 € m 501 12 (513) - 189 (189) - - 2010 € m 437 64 - 501 189 - 189 690 (1)On 1 April 2011, AIB disposed of its 70.36% shareholding in BZWBK (note 18). Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities At 31 December 2010, € 189 million remained outstanding following the redemption in June 2009 of € 801 million of the Preferred Securities. In June 2011 the remaining outstanding amount was purchased in full for cash (note 7). The € 1 billion Fixed Rate/Floating Rate Guaranteed Non-voting Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Securities (‘Preferred Securities’) were issued through a Limited Partnership (“LPI”) at par and had the benefit of a subordinated guarantee of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”). The Preferred Securities had no fixed final redemption date and the holders had no rights to call for the redemption of the Preferred Securities. The Preferred Securities were redeemable in whole but not in part at the option of the general partner and with the agreement of the Central Bank (i) upon the occurrence of certain events, or (ii) on or after 17 December 2014, subject to the provisions of the Limited Partnership Act, 1907. Distributions on the Preferred Securities were non-cumulative. The distributions were payable at a rate of 4.781% per annum up to 17 December 2014 and thereafter at the rate of 1.10% per annum above 3 month EURIBOR, reset quarterly. The discretion of the Board of Directors of AIB to resolve that a distribution should not be paid was unfettered. The coupon on the Preferred Securities which was due to be paid on 17 December 2010 was not paid (note 56(h)). In the event of the dissolution of the Limited Partnership, holders of Preferred Securities were entitled to receive a liquidation preference in an amount equal to the distributions that those holders would have received in a dissolution of AIB at that time, if they had held, instead of the Preferred Securities, non-cumulative preference shares issued directly by AIB, having the same liquidation preference as the Preferred Securities, and ranking junior to all liabilities of AIB including subordinated liabilities. 352 54 Memorandum items: contingent liabilities and commitments, and contingent assets In the normal course of business, the Group is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of customers. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk which are not reflected in the consolidated statement of financial position. Credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss because the other party to a financial instrument fails to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit loss under contingent liabilities and commitments to extend credit, in the event of non-performance by the other party where all counterclaims, collateral or security prove valueless, is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. The Group uses the same credit control and risk management policies in undertaking off-balance sheet commitments as it does for on balance sheet lending. The following tables give, for the Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., the nominal or contract amounts of contingent liabilities and commitments. Group Contingent liabilities(1) - credit related Guarantees and assets pledged as collateral security: Guarantees and irrevocable letters of credit Other contingent liabilities Commitments(2)(3) Documentary credits and short-term trade-related transactions Undrawn note issuance and revolving underwriting facilities Undrawn formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments to lend: Less than 1 year(4) 1 year and over(5) Of which: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Contingent liabilities(1) - credit related Guarantees and assets pledged as collateral security: Guarantees and irrevocable letters of credit Other contingent liabilities Commitments(2)(3) Documentary credits and short-term trade-related transactions Undrawn note issuance and revolving underwriting facilities Undrawn formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments to lend: Less than 1 year(4) 1 year and over(5) Contract amount 2010 € m 2011 € m 1,414 595 2,009 29 - 7,240 2,593 9,862 11,871 11,871 - 11,871 3,360 732 4,092 80 1 8,820 5,543 14,444 18,536 16,818 1,718 18,536 Contract amount 2010 € m 2011 € m 1,218 357 1,575 17 - 6,255 1,997 8,269 9,844 2,851 487 3,338 55 1 7,080 4,194 11,330 14,668 (1)Contingent liabilities are off-balance sheet products and include guarantees, standby letters of credit and other contingent liability products such as performance bonds. (2)A commitment is an off-balance sheet product, where there is an agreement to provide an undrawn credit facility. The contract may or may not be cancelled unconditionally at any time without notice depending on the terms of the contract. (3)Of which Nil (2010: € 3 million) are commitments relating to financial assets held for sale to NAMA. For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. these amounts are Nil (2010: € 3 million). (4)An original maturity of up to and including 1 year or which may be cancelled at any time without notice. 353 (5)With an original maturity of more than 1 year. Notes to the accounts 54 Memorandum items: contingent liabilities and commitments, and contingent assets (continued) Group Concentration of exposure Republic of Ireland United Kingdom Poland United States of America Rest of the world Total Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Concentration of exposure Republic of Ireland United Kingdom United States of America Rest of the world Total Contingent liabilities 2010 2011 € m € m Commitments 2010 € m 2011 € m 1,023 504 - 475 7 2,009 1,110 569 298 2,098 17 4,092 8,277 1,352 - 185 48 9,862 9,743 1,872 1,420 1,226 183 14,444 Contingent liabilities(1) 2011 € m 2010 € m Commitments 2010 € m 2011 € m 1,073 20 475 7 1,575 1,197 26 2,098 17 3,338 7,859 177 185 48 8,269 9,457 464 1,226 183 11,330 (1)Included in exposures of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. are amounts relating to Group subsidiaries of € 50 million (2010: € 87 million). Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has given guarantees in respect of the liabilities of certain of its subsidiaries and has also given guarantees to the satisfaction of the relevant regulatory authorities for the protection of the depositors of certain of its banking subsidiaries in the various jurisdictions in which such subsidiaries operate (note 73). The credit rating of contingent liabilities and commitments as at 31 December 2011 and 2010 are set out in the following table. Details of the Group’s rating profiles and masterscale ranges are set out in the ‘Risk management’ section. Masterscale grade Group 1 to 3 4 to 10 11 to 13 Unrated Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 1 to 3 4 to 10 11 to 13 Unrated 354 2011 € m 5,334 2,800 1,834 1,903 11,871 2011 € m 5,147 2,609 1,496 592 9,844 2010 € m 7,003 7,218 1,628 2,687 18,536 2010 € m 6,870 5,588 1,557 653 14,668 54 Memorandum items: contingent liabilities and commitments, and contingent assets (continued) Legal Proceedings AIB Group, whilst in the course of its business is frequently involved in litigation cases. It is not, nor has been involved in, nor are there, so far as the Company is aware, pending or threatened by or against AIB Group any legal or arbitration proceedings, including governmental proceedings, which may have, or have had during the previous twelve months, a material effect on the financial position or profitability of AIB Group. Contingent liability/contingent asset - NAMA (a) At 31 December 2011, the transfers of financial assets to NAMA were practically complete. However, NAMA has not yet finalised the value to transfer adjustments or the final consideration payable on tranches which have already transferred. Accordingly, AIB has made a provision for the amount of the expected outflow in respect of various adjustments. If the actual amounts provided prove to be lower or higher than the provision, an inflow or outflow of economic benefits may result to AIB. (b) The Group has provided NAMA with a series of indemnities relating to transferred assets. Any indemnity payment would result in an outflow of economic benefit for the Group. (c) On dissolution or restructuring of NAMA, the Minister may require that a report and accounts be prepared. If NAMA shows that an aggregate loss has been incurred since its establishment which is unlikely to be made good, the Minister may impose a surcharge on the participating institution. This will involve apportioning the loss on the participating institution, subject to certain restrictions, on the basis of the book value of the assets acquired from that institution in relation to the total book value of assets acquired from all participating institutions. Participation in TARGET 2 - Ireland Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”) migrated to the TARGET 2 system during 2008. TARGET 2, being the wholesale payment infrastructure for credit institutions across Europe, is a real time gross settlement system for large volume interbank payments in euro. The following disclosures relate to the charges arising as a result of the migration to TARGET 2. By Deeds of Charge made on 15 February 2008, AIB created first floating charges in favour of the Central Bank over all of AIB’s right, title, interest and benefit, present and future, in and to: (i) the balances then or at any time standing to the credit of Payment Module accounts held by AIB with a Eurosystem central bank; and (ii) each of the eligible securities included from time to time in the Eligible Securities Schedule furnished by AIB to the Central Bank, in each case, a ‘Charged Property’, for the purpose of securing all present and future liabilities of AIB in respect of AIB’s participation in TARGET 2, arising from the Deeds of Charge and the Terms and Conditions for participation in TARGET 2 – Ireland (adopted from time to time by the Central Bank), including, without limitation, liabilities to the Central Bank, the European Central Bank, or any national central bank of a Member State that has adopted the euro. The Deeds of Charge contain a provision whereby during the subsistence of the security, otherwise than with the prior written consent of the Central Bank, AIB shall not: (a) create or attempt to create or permit to arise or subsist any encumbrance on or over the Charged Property or any part thereof; or (b) otherwise than in the ordinary course of business, sell, transfer, lend or otherwise dispose of the Charged Property or any part thereof or attempt or agree to do so whether by means of one or a number of transactions related or not and whether at one time or over a period of time. 355 Notes to the accounts 55 Off-balance sheet arrangements Under IFRS, transactions and events are accounted for and presented in accordance with their substance and economic reality and not merely their legal form. As a result, the substance of transactions with a special purpose entity (“SPE”) forms the basis for their treatment in the Group’s financial statements. An SPE is consolidated in the financial statements when the substance of the relationship between the Group and the SPE indicates that the SPE is controlled by the entity and meets the criteria set out in IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC 12 Consolidation - Special Purposes Entities. The primary form of SPE utilised by the Group are securitisations and employee compensation trusts. Securitisations The Group utilises securitisations primarily to support the following business objectives: - as an investor, the Group has used securitisation as part of the management of its interest rate and liquidity risks through Treasury; - as an investor, securitisations have been utilised by the Group to invest in transactions that offered an appropriate risk-adjusted return opportunity; - as an originator of securitisations, to meet customer demand to offer a full range of investment opportunities by making available opportunities to invest in AIB-managed Collateralised Debt Obligations (“CDOs”) and Collateralised Bond Obligations (“CBOs”); and - as an originator of securitisations to support the funding activities of the Group. Historically, AIB has primarily been an investor in securitisations issued by other credit institutions. The most significant investment in securitisations has been through Group Treasury’s purchases of senior tranches of predominantly AAA-rated prime Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (“RMBS”), holdings of which have reduced over the course of 2011.This portfolio was originally purchased as part of Group Treasury’s primary interest rate and liquidity management objective, subject to qualifying criteria, including loan-to-value (“LTV”), seasoning, location and quality of originator. A smaller proportion of the overall portfolio is held in other asset classes, including a portfolio of AAA-rated US student loan asset backed securities which have been considerably reduced through sales in the course of 2011.The balance of these investments continue to benefit from US Government guarantees. All of these assets are reported in the available for sale portfolio. The Group also has a smaller portfolio of investments in securitisations held by the Non-Core business unit. The portfolio consists of both cash and synthetic structures across a variety of asset classes, including CDOs, CBOs, Collateralised Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”) and RMBS. On 18 February 2011, AIB Capital Markets PLC (“AIB CM”) entered into an agreement with GSO Capital Partners International LLP (“GSO”) pursuant to which the collateral management business of AIB CM in respect of four CDO securitisation transactions would be acquired by GSO. On 16 May 2011, AIB CM was replaced by GSO as investment manager for the four CDO securitisation transactions. The Group no longer has equity interests in these transactions. In addition, the CBO bond portfolio was liquidated in 2011. The assets under management of these vehicles at 31 December 2011 was Nil (2010: € 1,582 million). During 2011, three securitisation vehicles for which AIB acted as an originator and invested in, namely Causeway Securities p.l.c.; Clogher Securities Limited; and Wicklow Gap Limited were wound down. In addition, arising from the acquisition of EBS on 1 July 2011, AIB now controls certain special purpose vehicles which had been setup by EBS (note 73). Stock borrowing and lending Securities borrowed are not recognised in the financial statements, unless these are sold to third parties, at which point the obligation to repurchase the securities is recorded as a trading liability at fair value and any subsequent gain or loss included in trading income. Employee compensation trusts AIB and some of its subsidiary companies use trust structures to benefit employees and to facilitate the ownership of the Group’s equity by employees. The Group consolidates these trust structures where the risks and rewards of the underlying shares have not been transferred to the employees. Details of these schemes are provided in note 11 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 356 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government The Irish Government has taken a range of measures to stabilise the Irish banking system since the commencement of the financial crisis in 2008. These measures have included the injection of equity and preference share capital into AIB. As a result of these capital injections, the Irish Government, through the NPRFC, now holds 99.8% of the ordinary shares of AIB and € 3.5 billion in 2009 Preference Shares. In addition, the Minister for Finance holds € 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes. As a result of the various measures taken by the Irish Government (specifically the guarantee schemes, the Direction Order, and the capital injections) the Irish Government is a related party to AIB (note 64). Details regarding these measures, as well as others taken in the context of the Irish banking crisis, are set out below. The Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) and/or the Central Bank of Ireland has considerable rights and powers over the operations of AIB (and other financial institutions) arising from the various stabilisation measures. These rights and powers relate to, inter alia: - The acquisition of shares in other institutions; - Maintenance of solvency ratios and compliance with any liquidity and capital ratios that the Central Bank, following consultation with the Minister, may direct; - The appointment of non-executive directors and board changes; - The appointment of persons to attend meetings of various committees; - Restructuring of executive management responsibilities, strengthening of management capacity and improvement of governance; - Declaration and payment of dividends; - Restrictions on various types of remuneration; - Buy-backs or redemptions by the Group of its shares; - The manner in which the Group extends credit to certain customer groups; and - Conditions regulating the commercial conduct of AIB, having regard to capital ratios, market share and the Group’s balance sheet growth. Details of the measures taken by the Irish Government since 2008: a) Guarantee schemes The European Communities (Deposit Guarantee Schemes) Regulations 1995 have been in operation since 1995. These regulations guarantee certain retail deposits up to a maximum of € 100,000. In addition, since September 2008, the Irish Government has guaranteed relevant deposits and debt securities of AIB through the Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Scheme 2008 (‘the CIFS scheme’) and the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme 2009 (“ELG Scheme”). CIFS scheme This Scheme, which expired on 29 September 2010, gave effect to the bank guarantee announced by the Irish Government on 30 September 2008. Under the CIFS Scheme, the Minister for Finance guaranteed certain types of liabilities of certain participating institutions, including AIB and certain of its subsidiaries, for a two-year period from 30 September 2008. ELG Scheme On 21 January 2010, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., including its international branches and subsidiaries, AIB Group (UK) p.l.c., AIB Bank (CI) Limited and Allied Irish Banks North America Inc., became participating institutions for the purposes of the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme 2009 the (‘ELG Scheme’). The Minister stands as guarantor of all guaranteed liabilities of a participating institution. The ELG Scheme is intended to facilitate the ability of participating credit institutions in Ireland to issue certain debt securities and take deposits with a maturity of up to five years for pre-defined periods. The original date for periods covered was set at 29 September 2010 and has subsequently been extended a number of times. The Scheme, which was due to expire on 31 December 2011, was extended to 31 December 2012 by the Irish Government on 7 December 2011, subject to EU state aid approval. This approval has been received but will expire on 30 June 2012 as the renewal period is for six months and will require an extension from that date. 357 Notes to the accounts 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government (continued) Eligible liabilities under the ELG Scheme comprise the following: − all deposits to the extent not covered by deposit protection schemes in Ireland or in any other jurisdiction; − senior unsecured certificates of deposit; − senior unsecured commercial paper; − other senior unsecured bonds and notes; and − other forms of senior unsecured debt which may be specified by the Minister consistent with European Union State aid rules and the European Commission’s Banking Communication (2008/C 270/02) and subject to prior consultation with the European Commission. Dated subordinated debt and asset-covered securities issued after a covered institution joined the ELG Scheme are not guaranteed under the ELG Scheme. Participating institutions must pay a fee to the Minister in respect of each liability guaranteed under the ELG Scheme. Details of the total charge for 2011 and 2010 are set out in note 5. Participating institutions will also be required to indemnify the Minister for any costs and expenses of the Minister and for any payments made by the Minister under the ELG Scheme which relate to the participating institution’s guarantee under the ELG Scheme. The total liabilities guaranteed under the ELG Scheme amounted to € 40 billion (€ 37 billion at 31 December 2010). (b) Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 The Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 was passed into Irish law on 21 December 2010. The Act provides the legislative basis for the reorganisation and restructuring of the Irish banking system agreed in the joint EU/IMF Programme for Ireland (‘the Programme’). This will allow the Minister to take the actions required to bring about a domestic retail banking system that is proportionate to and focused on the Irish economy. The Act provides broad powers to the Minister (in consultation with the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland) to act on financial stability grounds to effect the restructuring actions and recapitalisation measures envisaged in the Programme. The Act applies to banks which have received financial support from the State, building societies and credit unions. Given the exceptional nature of the powers contained in the Act, the powers are time-limited and scheduled to expire on 31 December 2012. The powers provided in the Act allow the Minister to implement key aspects of the agreed Programme for bank restructuring and include the issue of direction orders, special management orders, subordinated liabilities orders and transfer of assets and liabilities orders. In addition, the Act gives the Minister broad powers in relation to directors and officers and their appointment/removal/duties. Various other terms are also imposed on relevant financial institutions as a condition for financial support. Since the enactment of this legislation, the Minister has invoked certain of his powers under the Act in relation to AIB as follows: (i) Direction Order On 23 December 2010, the High Court, on application from the Minister, directed AIB to increase its authorised share capital, and adopt amended Articles of Association to give effect to the capital increase and to issue ordinary and CNV shares to the National Pension Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) (see (c) below). AIB was also directed by the High Court as follows: - to cancel its listing on the Main Securities Market and to apply for listing on the Enterprise Securities Market (“ESM”) of the Irish Stock Exchange; - to cancel admission of its ordinary shares to the Official List maintained by the UK Financial Services Authority and to cancel trading on the main market of the London Stock Exchange; - to complete the sale of its Polish interests to Banco Santander (note 18). (ii) Transfer Order On 24 February 2011, following an application by the Minister for Finance, the High Court issued a transfer order for the immediate transfer of certain deposits and corresponding assets from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (‘Anglo’) to AIB. Certain employees who dealt with the deposit taking activities in Anglo also transferred to AIB (note 23). (iii) Subordinated Liabilities Order On 14 April 2011, following an application by the Minister under section 29 of the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010, the High Court issued a Subordinated Liabilities Order (the “SLO”) in relation to all outstanding subordinated liabilities and other capital 358 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government (continued) instruments (including certain tier 1 capital instruments), with the consent of AIB. The High Court declared the SLO effective as of 22 April 2011. The effect of the SLO was to amend the terms of certain subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments as follows: - mandatory interest falling due on certain subordinated liabilities is to be payable by AIB in its sole discretion, and the maturity date of the subordinated liabilities is to be extended to 2035; - in respect of certain subordinated liabilities, restrictions on (i) the payment of any distribution or dividend on any other junior or parity securities of AIB; or (ii) any repurchase or redemption of such junior or parity securities have been removed; and - in respect of certain subordinated liabilities, (i) the requirement to pay any arrears of interest on such liabilities upon the payment of any dividends by AIB has been removed, and (ii) the payment of any coupon on such liabilities following the payment of a dividend by AIB is now entirely at the option of AIB. (note 45). c) Investments in AIB The Irish Government’s investments in AIB are as set out below: - In May 2009, the Group issued € 3.5 billion capital in the form of Non-cumulative preference shares (the ‘2009 Preference Shares’) to the NPRFC. In conjunction with the Preference Share issue, the Group also issued 294,251,891 warrants to the NPRFC. Each warrant entitled the holder to subscribe for one ordinary share of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. The warrants were cancelled on 23 December 2010 for a total consideration of € 52.5 million (note 46). - On 13 May 2010, the Group issued 198,089,847 ordinary shares to the NPRFC in lieu of the annual dividend (amounting to € 280 million) on the 2009 Preference Shares pursuant to the Bonus Issue 2010 (note 46). Following this transaction, the NPRFC held 18.61% of the ordinary share capital of AIB; - On 23 December 2010, arising from a Direction Order issued by the High Court, the Group issued 675,107,845 ordinary shares and 10,489,899,564 convertible non-voting (“CNV”) shares to the NPRFC. Net proceeds from this issue amounted to € 3.7 billion. At 31 December 2010, the NPRFC held 49.9 % of the ordinary shares of AIB; - On 8 April 2011, the CNV shares were converted to ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. Following this transaction, the NPRFC held 92.8% of the ordinary shares of AIB; - On 13 May 2011, 484,902,878 ordinary shares were issued to the NPRFC in part settlement of the annual dividend due on that date pursuant to the Bonus Issue 2011 (note 46). The residual of this Bonus Share 2011 entitlement, amounting to 762,370,687 ordinary shares were issued to the NPRFC on 27 July 2011 following the increase, at an EGM, of the authorised ordinary share capital of AIB; - On 27 July 2011, AIB issued (i) 500 billion ordinary shares of € 0.01 each to the NPRFC at a subscription price of € 0.01 per share, the ordinary share capital having been renominalised on 26 July 2011 (note 46), (ii) € 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes at par (note 45) to the Minister for Finance. These transactions raised € 6.6 billion of capital for AIB. Following the ordinary share issues, the NPRFC held 99.8% of the ordinary shares in AIB; and - On 28 July 2011, the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC made capital contributions of € 2.283 billion and € 3.771 billion respectively (total: € 6.054 billion) to AIB for nil consideration. These capital contributions constituted core tier 1 capital for regulatory accounting purposes. Neither the Minister nor the NPRFC has an entitlement to seek repayment of these capital contributions. d) NAMA In February 2010, AIB was designated a participating institution under the NAMA Act which was enacted in November 2009. Since the enactment of the legislation, AIB has transferred financial assets to NAMA details of which are set out in notes 8 and 25. The consideration received from NAMA has been in the form of NAMA senior bonds and subordinated NAMA bonds which are detailed in notes 8, 33 and 34.The NAMA senior bonds are guaranteed by the Irish Government. On 15 April 2011, the Government announced that no further loans would transfer to NAMA, apart from those above already earmarked for transfer. At 31 December 2011, the transfers to NAMA were practically complete. In addition to the NAMA senior bonds received as consideration for financial assets transferred to NAMA, AIB acquired NAMA senior bonds as part of the Anglo transaction (€ 11,854 million fair value at acquisition date) and the EBS transaction (€ 301 million carrying value at acquisition date), details of which are set out in notes 23 and 24. AIB also acquired € 6 million in NAMA subordinated bonds as part of the EBS transaction. 359 Notes to the accounts 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government (continued) e) Funding Support AIB received funding from the Central Bank throughout the year through the ECB Monetary Policy Operation Sale and Repurchase Agreements. This funding amounted to € 30.8 billion at 31 December 2011. These agreements were for maturities of between 7 days and 3 months, with a current interest rate of 1% in all cases. The facilities mature on dates between 4 January 2012 and 29 January 2015. Other funding supports from the Central Bank, which had been in operation at 31 December 2010, were not availed of by AIB from May 2011 onwards. f) PCAR/PLAR On 31 March 2011, the Central Bank of Ireland published the ‘Financial Measures Programme Report’ which detailed the outcome of its review of the capital (PCAR) and funding requirements (PLAR) of the domestic Irish banks. The PCAR/PLAR assessments follow the announcement of the EU-IMF Programme for Ireland in November 2010, in which the provision of an overall amount of € 85 billion in financial support for the sovereign was agreed in principle. Up to € 35 billion of this support is earmarked for the banking system, € 10 billion of which was for immediate recapitalisation of the banks with the remaining € 25 billion to be provided on a contingency basis. Arising from the 2011 PCAR and PLAR assessments, AIB including EBS, was required to raise € 14.8 billion in total capital. This € 14.8 billion includes € 13.3 billion of capital for AIB, of which € 1.4 billion is contingent capital. EBS, which has since been combined with AIB to form one of the two ‘Pillar Banks’ (see below and note 24), was required to raise € 1.5 billion in core tier 1 capital, of which € 0.2 billion could be in the form of contingent capital. In addition, the target loan to deposit ratio has been set at 122.5% for all banks including AIB, by the end of 2013. It is expected that the next PCAR stress test will be carried out in the second half of 2012, with the results expected to be published no later than 30 November 2012. g) Acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) On 31 March 2011, the Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) proposed the combination of AIB and EBS (formerly EBS Building Society) to form one of the pillar banks. On 26 May 2011, AIB entered into an agreement with EBS, the Minister and the NTMA to acquire EBS for a consideration of € 1 (one euro). The acquisition was effective from 1 July 2011. Details of this transaction are set out in note 24. h) Dividend Stopper During 2009, the European Commission (“EC”) indicated that, in line with its policy and pending its assessment of the Group restructuring plan, the Group should not make coupon payments on its tier 1 and tier 2 capital instruments unless under a binding legal obligation to do so. The Group agreed to this request by the EC and resolved that under the terms of the AIB UK 3 LP Preferred Securities that the non-cumulative distribution on these securities which otherwise would have been paid on 14 December 2009, would not be paid. The effect of this decision by the Group was to trigger the ‘Dividend Stopper’ provisions which precluded the Group from making distributions on certain securities. This ‘dividend stopper’ has remained in place since 2009 but was superseded by the SLO of 14 April 2011. The SLO changed the terms of all outstanding subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments. Interest and distributions on such instruments are now payable by AIB in its sole discretion. i) Relationship framework The Board has recently endorsed the parameters of a draft relationship framework, which is expected to be specified by the Minister for Finance (‘the Minister’) in respect of the relationship between the Minister and AIB (‘the Framework’). The purpose of the Framework is to provide the basis on which the relationship between the Minister, on behalf of the State, and the Group shall be governed. j) Central Bank and Credit Institutions (Resolution) Act 2011 The Central Bank and Credit Institutions (Resolution) Act 2011 was signed into law on 20 October 2011 and became effective on 28 October 2011. This legislation provides the Central Bank with additional powers to achieve an effective and efficient resolution regime for credit institutions that are failing or likely to fail and that is effective in protecting the Exchequer and the stability of the financial system and the economy. 360 56 Summary of relationship with the Irish Government (continued) The Act gives the Central Bank power to take control of banks, appoint managers to run them and remove directors, staff and con- sultants and to move their deposits and loans to other banks. It provides for the establishment of a Credit Institution Resolution Fund which would provide a source of funding for the resolution of financial instability or in the event of an imminent serious threat to the financial stability of an authorised credit institution. Authorised credit institutions will be obliged to contribute to the resolution fund. The Act provides for the establishment of “Bridge-Banks” for the purpose of holding assets or liabilities which have been transferred under a transfer order. Bridge-Banks are only intended to hold such assets or liabilities on a temporary basis pending onward transfer as soon as possible. The Central Bank is empowered to make special management orders in relation to an authorised credit institution, or in relation to a subsidiary or holding company of the authorised credit institution in certain circumstances. The Act also provides powers to the Central Bank regarding the liquidation of authorised credit institutions. Authorised credit institutions may also be directed to prepare a recovery plan setting out actions that could be taken to facilitate the continuation or secure the business or part of the business of that institution. The legislation which provides for a permanent statutory regime under which the Central Bank may exercise intervention powers when a relevant credit institution is in difficulty is expected, in due course, to replace the temporary emergency provisions of the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 outlined above which ceases to have effect on 31 December 2012 or at a later date substituted by resolution of both Houses of the Oireachtas. 361  Notes to the accounts 57 Fair value of financial instruments The term ‘financial instruments’ includes both financial assets and financial liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. The Group’s accounting policy for the determination of fair value of financial instruments is set out in accounting policy number 16. Readers of these financial statements are advised to use caution when using the data in the following table to evaluate the Group’s financial position or to make comparisons with other institutions. Fair value information is not provided for items that do not meet the definition of a financial instrument. These items include intangible assets such as the value of the branch network and the long-term relationships with depositors, premises and equipment and shareholders’ equity. These items are material and accordingly, the fair value information presented does not purport to represent, nor should it be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Group as a going concern at 31 December 2011. The valuation of financial instruments, including loans and receivables, involves the application of judgement and estimation. Market and credit risks are key assumptions in the estimation of the fair value of loans and receivables. During the year, AIB has continued to observe adverse changes in the credit quality of its borrowers, with increasing delinquencies and defaults across a range of sectors. The volatility in financial markets and the illiquidity that is evident in these markets has reduced the demand for many financial instruments and this creates a difficulty in estimating the fair value for loans to customers. AIB has estimated the fair value of its loans to customers taking into account market risk and the changes in credit quality of its borrowers. Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale, net of liabilities Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Fair value hedged asset positions Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Fair value hedged liability positions 31 December 2011 Fair value € m Carrying amount € m 31 December 2010 Fa ir value € m Carrying amount € m 2,934 202 - 1,212 56 3,046 5,718 82,540 19,856 15,389 17 36,890 60,674 3,843 15,654 1,209 507 2,934 202 - 1,012 56 3,046 5,719 68,846 20,061 15,389 - 36,890 61,101 3,843 13,025 1,120 - 3,686 273 1,937 2,346 33 3,315 2,943 86,350 7,869 20,825 5 49,869 52,389 3,020 15,664 4,331 407 3,686 273 908 3,159 33 3,315 2,943 77,376 7,834 20,825 - 49,869 52,591 3,020 13,362 1,163 - Notes a a b,c d b b e f g b h i i b j j h Notes Financial instruments recorded at fair value in the financial statements (a) The fair value of these financial instruments is considered equal to the carrying value. These instruments are either carried at market value or have minimal credit losses. (b) Financial instruments reported at fair value include trading portfolio financial assets and financial liabilities, derivative financial instruments and financial investments available for sale. The fair value of trading and available for sale debt securities, together with quoted equity shares are based on quoted prices or bid/offer quotations sourced from external securities dealers, where these are available on an active market. Where securities and derivatives are traded on an exchange, the fair value is based on prices from the exchange. The fair value of unquoted equity shares, debt securities not quoted in an active market, and over-the-counter derivative financial instruments is calculated using valuation techniques, as described in accounting policy number 16. 362 57 Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Financial instruments with fair value information presented separately in the notes to the financial statements (c) Financial assets held for sale to NAMA are measured on the same basis in the statement of financial position as prior to their classification as held for sale. However, in determining fair value at December 2010, AIB applied a discount of 60% to the gross carrying value of loans as it was expected that future tranches would transfer at this value. (d) The fair value of loans and receivables held for sale has been estimated based on expected sale proceeds. The fair value of financial investments available for sale equity securities has also been included. The consideration which was received for BZWBK was used as an approximate fair value for the disposal group which was classified as a discontinued operation in 2010. The carrying value of BZWBK was disclosed in the table net of liabilities. The fair value of the investment in AmCredit was also included. The fair value of certain other assets within disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale has not been included, as these are not financial assets. (e) The fair value of loans and receivables to banks is estimated using discounted cash flows applying either market rates, where practicable, or rates currently offered by other financial institutions for placings with similar characteristics. (f) The Group provides lending facilities of varying rates and maturities to corporate and personal customers. Valuation techniques are used in estimating the fair value of loans, primarily using discounted cash flows, applying market rates where practicable. In addition to the assumptions set about above under valuation techniques regarding cash flows and discount rates, a key assumption for loans and receivables is that the carrying amount of variable rate loans (excluding mortgage products) approximates to market value where there is no significant credit risk of the borrower. The fair value of variable mortgage products including tracker mortgages is calculated by discounting expected cash flows using discount rates that reflect the interest rate risk in the portfolio. For fixed rate loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting expected cash flows using discount rates that reflect the interest rate risk in that portfolio. For the overall loan portfolio, an adjustment is made for credit risk which at 31 December 2011 took account of the Group’s forecast impairment provisions and losses for the period 2012-2014. (g) The fair value of the NAMA senior bonds has been estimated using a valuation technique since there in no active market for these bonds. The valuation technique required an increased use of management judgement which included, but was not limited to, evaluating available market information, determining the cashflows generated by the instruments, identifying a risk free discount rate and applying an appropriate credit spread. (h) The fair value of the hedged asset and liability positions are included in the fair value of the relevant assets and liabilities being hedged. (i) The fair value of current accounts and deposit liabilities which are repayable on demand, or which re-price frequently, approximates to their book value. The fair value of all other deposits and other borrowings is estimated using discounted cash flows applying either market rates, where applicable, or interest rates currently offered by the Group. (j) The estimated fair value of subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments, and debt securities in issue, is based on quoted prices where available, or where these are unavailable, are estimated using valuation techniques using observable market data for similar instruments.Where there is no market data for a directly comparable instrument, management judgement on an appropriate credit spread to similar or related instruments with market data available is used within the valuation technique. This is supported by cross referencing other similar or related instruments. Commitments pertaining to credit-related instruments Details of the various credit-related commitments and other off-balance sheet financial guarantees entered into by the Group are included in note 54. Fees for these instruments may be billed in advance or in arrears on an annual, quarterly or monthly basis. In addition, the fees charged vary on the basis of instrument type and associated credit risk. As a result, it is not considered practicable to estimate the fair value of these instruments because each customer relationship would have to be separately evaluated. 363 Notes to the accounts 57 Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Fair value hierarchy The following tables set out, by financial instrument measured at fair value, the valuation methodologies(1) adopted in the financial statements as at 31 December 2011 and as at 31 December 2010. Group Financial assets Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Group Financial assets Derivative financial instruments held for sale to NAMA Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments (1)Valuation methodologies in the fair value hierarchy: (a) Quoted market prices (unadjusted) - Level 1; (b) Valuation techniques which use observable market data - Level 2; and (c) Valuation techniques which use unobservable market data - Level 3. Level 1 € m - 50 - 13,720 54 13,824 - - Level 1 € m - 23 - 18,395 37 18,455 2 2 Level 2 € m Level 3 € m - 6 3,046 1,413 10 4,475 3,734 3,734 Level 2 € m 15 10 3,315 2,104 14 5,458 2,896 2,896 22 - - 12 180 214 109 109 Level 3 € m - - - 12 263 275 122 122 2011 Total € m 22 56 3,046 15,145 244 18,513 3,843 3,843 2010 Total € m 15 33 3,315 20,511 314 24,188 3,020 3,020 364 57 Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 Group Transfer into Level 1 from Level 2 Transfer into Level 2 from Level 1 Financial assets Trading portfolio € m - - Debt securities € m 61 178 2011 Total € m 61 178 Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occurred due to increased availability of reliable quoted market prices which were not previously available. Reconciliation of balances in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: Financial assets 2011 Financial liabilities Derivatives AFS Total Derivatives Total Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale € m - - 22 - Group At 1 January 2011 Acquisition of subsidiaries Reclassified to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Transfers out of Level 3 Total gains or losses in: - Profit or loss - Other comprehensive income - - Net NAMA subordinated bonds additions - - Additions - Purchases - Sales - Settlements At 31 December 2011 22 Debt securities € m 12 - Equity securities € m 263 6 € m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 (22) - (105) 43 12 19 6 (42) - 180 € m 275 6 - - (105) 43 12 19 6 (42) - 214 € m 122 - - (4) 71 3 - - - - (83) 109 Transfers out of Level 3 occurred because of increased observability in the market prices of these instruments. Losses included in profit or loss for the year in the above tables are presented in the income statement and are recognised as: Group Net trading loss Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Other operating loss Total € m 122 - - (4) 71 3 - - - - (83) 109 2011 € m (71) (113) 8 (176) Losses for the year included in the income statement relating to financial assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting year: Group Net trading loss Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total 2011 € m (50) (113) (163) 365 Notes to the accounts 57 Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 Group Transfer into Level 1 from Level 2 Transfer into Level 2 from Level 1 Financial assets Debt securities € m 4,929 231 2010 Total € m 4,929 240 Trading portfolio € m - 9 Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occurred due to increased availability of reliable quoted market prices which were not previously available. Reconciliation of balances in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: Trading portfolio Group At 1 January 2010 Reclassified to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Reclassification between categories Transfers into Level 3 Transfers out of Level 3 Total gains or losses in: - Profit or loss - Other comprehensive income NAMA senior bonds/ subordinated bonds Purchases Sales Settlements At 31 December 2010 € m 8 - (8) - - - - - - - - - Financial assets 2010 Financial liabilities Derivatives AFS Total Derivatives Total Debt securities € m 2,826 Equity securities € m 241 (20) (7,869)(1) - (2,794) 5 - 7,864 - - - 12 (157) 8 43 (21) (13) (53) 220 9 (14) - 263 € m 8 (8) - - - - - - - - - - € m 3,083 (185) (7,869) 43 (2,815) (8) (53) 8,084 9 (14) - 275 € m 7 (7) - 127 - 50 - - - - (55) 122 € m 7 (7) - 127 - 50 - - - - (55) 122 (1)NAMA senior bonds were designated at initial recognition as financial investments available for sale. At 31 December 2010, NAMA senior bonds were reclassified to loans and receivables. These bonds were reclassified because of the nature of the bonds and the fact that AIB has the ability and intention to hold them to maturity. Transfers into Level 3 occurred because the market prices for these instruments became unobservable. Transfers out of Level 3 occurred because of increased observability in the market prices of these instruments. Losses included in profit or loss for the year in the above tables are presented in the income statement and are recognised as: Net trading income Other Total Group 2010 € m (42) (16) (58) Losses for the year included in the income statement relating to financial assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting year: Net trading income Other Total 366 Group 2010 € m (8) - (8) 57 Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Sensitivity of Level 3 measurements The implementation of valuation techniques involves a considerable degree of judgement. While the Group believes its estimates of fair value are appropriate, the use of different measurements or assumptions could lead to different fair values. The following table sets out the impact of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions, including the impact of changing credit spread assumptions for debt securities. Group Classes of financial assets Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Total Classes of financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Total Group Classes of financial assets Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Total Classes of financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Total Level 3 2011 Effect on income statement Favourable Unfavourable € m € m Effect on other comprehensive income Favourable Unfavourable € m € m - - - 58 58 - - - (58) (58) - 236 236 - - - (52) (52) - - 2010 Level 3 Effect on income statement Favourable Unfavourable € m € m Effect on other comprehensive income Unfavourable € m Favourable € m - - - 28 28 - (3) (3) (28) (28) - 165 165 - - - (106) (106) - - Day 1 gain or loss: No difference existed between the fair value at initial recognition of financial instruments and the amount that was determined at that date using a valuation technique incorporating significant unobservable data. 367 Notes to the accounts 58 Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities Financial assets and financial liabilities are measured on an ongoing basis either at fair value or at amortised cost. The accounting policy for financial assets (number 18), describes how the classes of financial instruments are measured, and how income and expenses, including fair value gains and losses, are recognised. The following table analyses the carrying amounts of the financial assets and liabilities by category as defined in IAS 39 and by statement of financial position heading. At fair value through profit and loss At fair value through equity At amortised cost 2011 Total Held for trading € m Fair value hedge derivatives € m Cashflow hedge derivatives € m Available for sale securities € m Loans and receivables € m Other € m € m 590(1) - - - - - - - - 734 1,324 36,890 60,674 - 15,654 1,209 489 2,934 202 1,213 56 3,046 5,718 82,540 19,856 15,389 734 131,688 36,890 60,674 3,843 15,654 1,209 489 114,916 118,759 Group Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in the course of collection Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Other financial assets - - - 56 1,930 - - - - - - - - - 716 - - - - - - - - - 400 - - - - - - - 22 - - - - - 15,389 - 2,344 202 1,191 - - 5,718 82,540 19,856 - - 1,986 716 400 15,411 111,851 Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities (1)Comprises cash on hand. - - 2,430 - - - 2,430 - - 731 - - - 731 - - 682 - - - 682 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 368 58 Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) At fair value through profit and loss At fair value through equity At amortised cost 2010(1) Total Held for trading € m Fair value hedge derivatives € m Cashflow hedge derivatives € m Available for sale securities € m Loans and receivables € m Other € m € m Group Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in the course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Trading portfolio financial assets - - 15 33 - - - - - - - - Derivative financial instruments 1,876 620 819 Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Other financial assets - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20,825 - 3,080 273 1,919 - - 2,943 86,350 7,869 - - 1,924 620 819 20,825 102,434 Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities - - 2,239 - - - 2,239 - - 471 - - - 471 - - 310 - - - 310 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 606(2) - 3 - - - - - - 577 1,186 49,869 52,389 - 15,664 4,331 922 3,686 273 1,937 33 3,315 2,943 86,350 7,869 20,825 577 127,808 49,869 52,389 3,020 15,664 4,331 922 123,175 126,195 (1)Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale have been excluded from this note. The classification and measurement for this group is set out in Accounting policy 23. (2)Comprises cash on hand. 59 Interest rate sensitivity The net interest rate sensitivity of the Group at 31 December 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is illustrated in the following tables. The tables set out details of those assets and liabilities whose values are subject to change as interest rates change within each contractual repricing time period. Details regarding assets and liabilities which are not sensitive to interest rate movements are included within non-interest bearing or trading captions. The tables show the sensitivity of the statement of financial position at one point in time and are not necessarily indicative of positions at other dates. In developing the classifications used in the tables it has been necessary to make certain assumptions and approximations in assigning assets and liabilities to different repricing categories. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is included within other assets and other liabilities as interest rate insensitive. However, some derivative instruments are derived from interest sensitive financial instruments, and are shown separately below each year’s table. Continuing operations are shown within the various time periods. For 2010, assets and liabilities of ‘Disposal groups and non- current assets held for sale’ have been shown as interest rate insensitive since the sale of a substantial element of these, (BZWBK), has been agreed. For 2011, financial assets of “Disposal Groups and non-current assets held for sale” are shown within the various time periods. Non-interest bearing amounts relating to financial assets held for sale to NAMA, loans and receivables to banks and loans and receivables to customers include provisions for impairment. Prior periods have been amended to reflect this. 369 Notes to the accounts 1 1 0 2 m € m € m € g n i r a e b m € l a t o T g n i d a r T t s e r e t n i - n o N + s r a e y 5 5 < 4 m € s r a e Y 4 < 3 m € s r a e Y 3 < 2 m € s r a e Y 2 < 1 m € s r a e Y m € 2 1 < 3 s h t n o M 3 < 1 m € s h t n o M 1 < 0 m € h t n o M - 6 5 2 2 4 , 1 8 1 7 , 5 0 4 5 , 2 8 6 5 8 , 9 1 9 8 3 , 5 1 0 7 6 , 1 1 - - 6 5 - - - - - 4 4 2 - 2 8 2 - 2 7 3 - - - - ) 2 3 9 , 4 1 ( 6 3 2 , 2 1 5 6 , 6 3 1 6 8 9 , 1 ) 8 3 6 , 6 ( 3 0 9 8 , 6 3 4 7 6 , 0 6 4 5 6 , 5 1 9 0 2 , 1 8 5 7 , 7 - - - - - 0 3 4 , 2 3 6 4 , 4 1 - 1 5 6 , 6 3 1 0 3 4 , 2 - - - ) 4 4 4 ( m € 7 4 9 2 6 0 , 5 - - 3 - 2 1 9 , 1 1 - 8 2 3 , 5 3 6 4 , 4 1 6 0 7 , 1 3 4 4 4 m € ) 4 4 3 , 8 3 ( 5 1 1 , 4 ) 5 6 5 , 6 2 ( 0 3 9 , 1 6 9 3 , 7 - - 2 4 3 , 4 8 7 5 , 6 - - 1 4 0 9 7 , 1 - - 2 3 3 6 8 , 1 4 1 7 , 1 1 0 0 , 3 8 8 7 , 8 3 m € 8 7 2 , 1 0 8 6 , 0 3 - - - - - 9 2 6 - - - 2 2 - 6 4 8 - - 0 1 4 , 1 7 5 2 , 1 9 3 0 , 2 5 2 1 , 2 - - - 3 4 7 - - 7 7 1 , 1 - - 3 5 5 7 1 0 , 3 - - - 0 2 9 , 1 0 7 5 , 3 ) 7 1 ( 6 3 1 1 4 4 ) 6 8 8 , 1 ( 7 8 7 , 5 3 1 5 6 , 5 3 3 4 m € m € 7 3 1 - - - - - 7 5 4 , 1 - 0 3 4 , 2 7 8 8 , 3 - - 0 5 7 1 2 4 , 1 - - - 1 7 1 , 2 6 2 1 , 1 0 9 5 0 1 2 , 5 3 m € 7 8 4 - - - 4 6 - 7 5 9 , 2 - 3 9 0 , 1 4 1 1 , 4 - - 2 9 3 , 4 0 7 8 , 2 - - - ) 4 0 2 ( 0 2 6 , 4 3 m € ) 9 6 3 ( - 1 4 - 2 1 - - 3 9 5 9 9 1 , 3 - - 0 5 5 8 5 - 1 9 6 , 6 9 5 2 , 2 6 5 8 , 9 1 - - 8 2 4 4 8 2 , 5 7 5 4 , 9 7 - 1 6 7 , 1 4 4 3 , 2 5 4 8 , 3 1 4 4 , 9 2 4 7 2 , 9 8 - - 6 0 4 , 8 1 8 0 , 2 - - - 2 8 0 , 3 4 2 8 , 4 3 m € 3 5 0 , 3 4 0 1 , 9 2 - 7 4 6 , 2 4 7 9 , 5 5 9 6 , 2 - - - 6 1 3 , 1 1 9 8 0 , 1 2 ) 4 6 9 , 2 ( 2 4 7 , 1 3 m € ) 7 5 9 , 2 ( 1 5 0 , 6 2 - - - - 3 4 2 , 4 3 2 3 2 , 7 2 1 5 4 , 2 6 0 7 , 4 3 6 0 7 , 4 3 m € 8 0 0 , 9 2 8 0 0 , 9 2 2 0 4 , 9 2 9 5 3 , 9 2 2 2 2 , 9 2 5 3 7 , 8 2 ) 6 5 ( ) 8 2 8 , 2 ( ) 0 7 5 , 2 ( ) 2 7 7 , 2 ( 8 2 ) 2 0 2 ( 4 1 ) 0 3 2 ( 1 ) 4 4 2 ( 3 1 ) 5 4 2 ( 7 8 ) 8 5 2 ( 5 5 ) 5 4 3 ( ) 8 2 1 ( ) 0 0 4 ( ) 2 7 2 ( ) 2 7 2 ( m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S ) 0 0 4 , 1 ( ) 0 2 3 , 2 ( ) 0 2 9 ( ) 6 9 7 , 8 ( 9 8 6 , 1 6 7 8 , 7 6 7 7 8 1 , 6 9 7 2 1 1 1 , 6 8 6 2 3 8 , 5 9 4 4 6 7 , 5 ) 1 1 1 ( 5 1 7 , 5 2 3 6 2 8 , 5 4 9 7 , 5 4 9 7 , 5 m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O m r e h t O 5 6 6 8 1 2 ) 3 1 4 ( 6 4 3 4 3 8 2 4 4 2 5 2 4 2 2 1 0 4 9 2 9 7 3 5 8 0 5 3 9 8 5 6 2 6 7 1 6 7 1 ) d e u n i t n o c ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n I 9 5 370 A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a l a i c n a n F i s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i D s r e m o t s u c s k n a b o t o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s t e s s a l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T s d n o b i r o n e s A M A N e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s A e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v a s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i s k n a b d n a s k n a b l a r t n e c y b s t i s o p e D e l a s r o f d l e h s p u o r g l a s o p s i D s t n e m u r t s n i l a t i p a c r e h t o d n a y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h S l s e i t i l i b a i l r e h t O e u s s i n i s e i t i r u c e s t b e D s e i t i l i b a i l d e t a n i d r o b u S s t n u o c c a r e m o t s u C s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a l a t o T s e i t i l i b a i L p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( 2 6 2 , 7 7 8 4 , 0 1 ) 4 4 9 , 2 ( ) 4 2 7 , 9 ( 6 2 9 , 3 6 y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h s l d n a s e i t i l i b a i l l a t o T ) 8 5 3 , 9 ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n i g n i t c e f f a s e v i t a v i r e D 0 1 0 2 l a t o T m € 7 3 9 , 1 3 3 1 1 9 , 3 1 3 4 9 , 2 0 5 3 , 6 8 9 6 8 , 7 5 2 8 , 0 2 4 5 3 , 1 1 m € 5 1 - 3 3 - - - - 7 7 8 , 1 g n i r a e b m € ) 6 2 3 ( - 2 8 3 1 1 9 , 3 1 ) 8 4 2 , 7 ( - 4 1 3 1 9 3 , 6 1 - - - m € - - 8 8 4 , 6 6 8 4 , 4 g n i d a r T t s e r e t n i - n o N + s r a e y 5 5 < 4 s r a e Y m € - - - - - 0 5 8 3 1 8 - 2 2 2 , 5 4 1 5 2 9 , 1 4 2 4 , 3 1 5 7 9 , 0 1 3 6 6 , 1 8 4 5 , 1 1 9 6 8 , 9 4 9 8 3 , 2 5 4 6 6 , 5 1 1 3 3 , 4 2 6 7 , 7 9 5 6 , 3 - - - - - - - - 4 6 2 , 6 8 4 5 , 1 1 - 9 3 2 , 2 3 2 5 , 5 9 5 6 , 3 - - - 2 2 2 , 5 4 1 9 3 2 , 2 4 9 9 , 6 2 - m € 4 1 3 m € ) 4 1 3 ( ) 0 7 5 , 3 1 ( ) 7 2 2 ( ) 6 6 1 , 2 ( ) 1 4 0 , 5 ( ) 9 3 9 , 1 ( - - - - 6 1 3 5 6 7 , 1 5 4 6 , 3 6 2 7 , 5 ) 2 5 1 , 2 ( 1 0 4 , 7 4 8 8 , 3 1 m € 3 9 6 , 5 2 0 1 , 3 - - 3 4 3 0 0 0 , 2 - - 8 6 ) 9 1 9 ( 1 1 4 , 2 1 7 1 3 8 4 , 6 m € 7 4 1 4 < 3 s r a e Y m € 7 - - - - - 2 5 9 9 6 3 , 2 8 2 3 , 3 - - 4 7 3 0 5 7 - - - 4 2 1 , 1 6 5 1 , 1 8 4 0 , 1 2 1 3 , 6 m € 3 1 9 3 < 2 s r a e Y m € 0 2 - - - - - 2 2 8 , 1 3 1 0 , 1 5 5 8 , 2 - - 6 9 3 0 2 8 , 2 - - - 6 1 2 , 3 ) 3 6 5 , 2 ( 2 0 2 , 2 4 6 2 , 5 m € 3 6 8 , 1 ) 1 5 6 , 3 ( 1 - - - - - 0 3 2 , 2 4 4 9 , 1 5 7 1 , 4 - - 9 8 7 2 7 2 , 1 - - - ) 1 6 6 ( 1 6 0 , 2 5 7 7 , 2 2 6 0 , 3 m € 6 2 3 , 2 ) 4 1 5 , 5 ( 6 3 - - 1 - - 1 1 8 , 3 1 4 0 , 2 9 8 8 , 5 - 8 4 1 5 3 8 3 7 2 , 6 - - - ) 3 5 5 , 0 1 ( 8 5 7 , 9 6 5 2 , 7 7 1 4 , 9 1 7 8 2 m € 6 8 1 , 9 6 1 7 , 7 ) 0 4 8 , 7 ( ) 4 7 4 , 5 ( ) 9 9 8 , 8 ( m € ) 3 4 1 , 5 ( ) 6 5 5 , 5 1 ( - 3 4 1 , 9 3 8 7 , 5 9 4 2 , 4 2 4 2 - - - - - 8 7 5 , 0 4 1 5 8 , 1 3 3 7 9 , 1 6 7 3 8 7 7 , 4 7 4 3 9 , 5 ) 5 2 4 , 3 ( ) 5 2 4 , 3 ( m € ) 3 1 4 , 0 1 ( ) 3 1 4 , 0 1 ( - - 2 - 9 6 8 , 7 0 6 2 , 4 0 2 6 , 0 1 - - 8 5 5 , 2 5 2 8 , 6 6 - 5 8 5 , 3 6 8 0 , 3 1 0 7 , 3 2 7 8 2 , 7 7 ) 1 9 5 , 2 ( ) 8 3 7 , 2 ( ) 9 8 ( ) 8 8 2 ( ) 5 7 8 ( ) 9 9 1 ( 4 6 6 7 6 6 2 1 6 4 2 6 0 6 8 7 2 8 5 ) 4 4 2 ( 4 0 5 5 5 2 8 4 7 ) 9 7 4 ( 3 9 4 2 7 9 2 7 9 m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S 6 2 7 6 7 1 4 7 ) 9 4 6 , 8 ( 7 1 6 , 1 0 9 3 , 9 2 3 7 7 , 7 2 9 1 7 7 , 7 9 2 2 9 7 6 , 7 5 6 6 0 5 4 , 7 1 1 0 , 1 5 8 7 , 6 ) 1 7 ( 4 7 7 , 5 5 4 8 , 5 5 4 8 , 5 m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P ) 8 5 1 ( 4 4 4 6 8 5 2 0 6 - 6 1 - 6 1 - 6 1 - 6 1 - 6 1 - 6 1 - 6 1 6 1 6 1 s t e s s a t n e r r u c - n o n d n a s p u o r g l a s o p s i D s r e m o t s u c s k n a b o t o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s t e s s a l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T s d n o b i r o n e s A M A N e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v a s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a l a t o T s e i t i l i b a i L s t n e m u r t s n i l a t i p a c & s e i t i l i b a i l d e t a n i d r o b u S s k n a b d n a s k n a b l a r t n e c y b s t i s o p e D e l a s r o f d l e h s p u o r g l a s o p s i D e u s s i n i s e i t i r u c e s t b e D s t n u o c c a r e m o t s u C y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h S l s e i t i l i b a i l r e h t O y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n i g n i t c e f f a s e v i t a v i r e D y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h s l d n a s e i t i l i b a i l l a t o T p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( 371 2 < 1 s r a e Y m € m € 2 1 < 3 s h t n o M m € 3 < 1 s h t n o M m € 1 < 0 h t n o M ) d e u n i t n o c ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n I 9 5 0 5 9 3 3 2 , 1 A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a l a i c n a n F i s t e s s A Notes to the accounts 9 0 0 2 l a t o T m € 6 9 2 3 9 0 , 9 2 1 2 , 9 1 6 8 5 , 1 6 3 3 , 5 2 0 5 4 , 5 1 1 4 3 , 3 0 1 m € 5 2 1 6 9 2 - - - - m € g n i r a e b - 5 6 3 ) 8 0 1 , 4 ( ) 7 8 9 , 2 ( - 7 2 3 4 3 6 , 4 7 4 2 , 7 m € - - 3 6 1 - - 7 2 6 , 4 8 9 3 , 4 g n i d a r T t s e r e t n i - n o N + s r a e y 5 5 < 4 s r a e Y m € - - 4 4 - - 3 0 9 4 0 1 , 1 4 < 3 s r a e Y m € - - 7 4 - - 4 3 5 5 3 4 , 1 3 < 2 s r a e Y m € - - 1 4 - - 4 1 1 , 2 2 3 9 , 1 2 < 1 s r a e Y m € - - 9 2 1 4 9 5 , 2 3 5 1 , 3 - - 4 1 3 , 4 7 1 5 5 0 , 5 4 4 8 8 8 1 , 9 1 5 0 , 2 6 1 0 , 2 7 8 0 , 4 6 7 8 , 5 3 3 2 3 3 3 , 3 3 3 5 9 , 3 8 6 8 5 , 4 4 5 6 , 0 3 3 5 0 , 1 1 9 0 7 , 0 1 3 - - - - 3 2 - 0 6 8 , 4 4 1 3 , 4 7 1 6 8 8 , 4 - - - 9 6 1 m € - - - - - 3 8 6 , 7 - 3 9 1 , 6 9 0 7 , 0 1 5 8 5 , 4 2 ) 9 6 1 ( m € ) 1 4 7 , 3 2 ( 2 8 3 3 3 , 1 ) 1 5 2 , 1 ( ) 6 5 3 , 7 1 ( m $ S U m $ S U ) 8 8 ( ) 4 3 7 ( ) 5 7 6 , 7 ( ) 7 8 5 , 7 ( - - - 3 6 1 0 4 7 , 1 6 8 2 , 3 - - 9 8 1 , 5 ) 6 8 6 , 2 ( m € 5 8 6 , 6 2 7 5 , 3 2 9 2 7 , 5 9 8 6 , 8 1 m $ S U 0 8 ) 3 5 8 , 6 ( - - - 1 4 3 6 4 7 - - - - - - 9 3 3 0 0 0 , 1 - - - - - - 9 2 4 0 0 0 , 1 - - - 7 8 0 , 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 2 4 , 1 ) 4 3 ( 8 9 9 7 8 8 , 6 1 m € 2 7 8 3 4 0 6 9 , 2 1 m $ S U ) 0 6 6 , 1 ( ) 4 4 7 ( m € 7 3 3 , 2 9 8 8 , 5 1 2 6 9 , 1 8 8 0 , 2 1 m $ S U 5 7 m € 2 0 4 , 3 2 5 5 , 3 1 9 7 7 , 2 6 2 1 , 0 1 m $ S U 3 3 ) 3 3 9 , 6 ( ) 6 7 9 , 6 ( ) 1 5 0 , 7 ( - 8 - 9 3 8 4 5 - - - 5 9 5 9 0 3 m € 2 1 < 3 s h t n o M - 2 3 3 1 - 0 3 4 , 4 0 8 9 , 1 9 0 5 , 1 4 5 0 , 8 - - 0 9 9 , 7 3 6 2 , 9 1 9 1 , 7 - - - m € 3 < 1 s h t n o M - 8 0 5 9 6 6 , 9 5 8 4 , 6 0 2 5 , 6 1 - 7 7 m € 1 < 0 h t n o M - 9 6 9 , 2 1 8 1 2 , 8 5 0 7 , 3 7 3 2 4 , 5 - 9 6 5 , 3 9 5 2 , 3 3 4 8 8 , 3 0 1 - 3 1 8 , 1 1 5 6 8 , 2 1 - 4 5 4 1 9 8 , 9 - - - 2 2 5 , 3 1 2 2 3 , 2 5 - 6 4 8 7 4 0 , 9 - - 7 3 7 , 5 7 7 1 9 , 1 1 0 3 2 , 6 1 0 3 2 , 6 1 m € 2 7 6 , 6 1 2 7 6 , 6 1 m $ S U 2 7 9 , 4 0 5 1 , 0 1 m € 0 1 1 , 4 7 4 3 , 7 3 8 4 8 7 1 , 5 m € ) 6 6 0 , 1 ( 7 3 2 , 3 m € 5 9 6 , 4 ) 5 3 5 , 1 1 ( 3 0 3 , 4 ) 9 6 3 , 2 1 ( m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U ) 3 7 8 , 6 1 ( 1 7 7 , 9 4 4 4 , 4 2 3 2 0 , 5 3 5 3 2 ) 4 8 0 , 7 ( ) 0 1 ( ) 9 1 3 , 7 ( ) 8 5 2 , 2 ( ) 9 0 3 , 7 ( ) 1 5 0 , 5 ( ) 1 5 0 , 5 ( 5 5 5 0 7 , 6 ) 8 9 3 , 5 ( 0 5 6 , 6 9 1 8 8 4 0 , 2 1 ) 3 ( 4 4 1 9 2 2 , 1 1 2 3 2 , 1 1 9 8 2 8 8 0 , 1 1 5 2 3 9 9 7 , 0 1 5 4 4 4 7 4 , 0 1 6 4 7 , 3 9 2 0 , 0 1 3 8 2 , 6 3 8 2 , 6 m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S 1 9 9 ) 5 0 2 ( ) 3 6 3 ( ) 6 9 1 , 1 ( 3 2 ) 3 3 8 ( 0 7 ) 6 5 8 ( 2 0 1 ) 6 2 9 ( 0 5 2 ) 8 2 0 , 1 ( 1 4 2 ) 8 7 2 , 1 ( 6 2 4 , 1 ) 9 1 5 , 1 ( ) 6 0 9 ( ) 5 4 9 , 2 ( ) 9 3 0 , 2 ( ) 9 3 0 , 2 ( m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s t e s s a l a i c n a n F i s r e m o t s u c s k n a b o t o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s t e s s a l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v a s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i y t i r u t a m o t d l e h s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i s t e s s A s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a l a t o T s e i t i l i b a i L A M A N o t e l a s r o f d l e h s e i t i l i b a i l l a i c n a n F i s k n a b d n a s k n a b l a r t n e c y b s t i s o p e D s e i t i l i b a i l l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T e u s s i n i s e i t i r u c e s t b e D s t n u o c c a r e m o t s u C s t n e m u r t s n i l a t i p a c & s e i t i l i b a i l d e t a n i d r o b u S y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h S l s e i t i l i b a i l r e h t O y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n i g n i t c e f f a s e v i t a v i r e D y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h s l d n a s e i t i l i b a i l l a t o T p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( ) d e u n i t n o c ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n I 9 5 372 g n i d a r T t s e r e t n i - n o N + s r a e y 5 8 0 0 2 l a t o T m € 1 0 4 6 6 2 , 6 9 9 4 , 1 4 2 0 , 9 2 5 9 4 , 5 1 9 8 4 , 9 2 1 1 1 1 8 7 5 , 5 2 4 0 6 , 2 9 4 1 8 , 7 3 6 2 5 , 4 2 7 5 , 2 1 9 6 9 , 8 m € 1 0 4 - - - - 8 3 4 , 5 - - 1 1 1 - - m € g n i r a e b - 6 8 1 ) 2 9 2 , 2 ( - 7 8 2 2 9 4 , 8 3 7 6 , 6 8 4 1 8 3 6 , 7 - - - - 3 4 4 , 5 9 2 1 , 7 9 6 9 , 8 4 7 1 , 2 8 1 9 3 8 , 5 m € - - - 6 2 1 8 3 8 , 3 0 5 2 , 5 5 < 4 s r a e Y m € - - - - 7 7 9 2 6 5 , 1 4 < 3 s r a e Y m € - - - - 1 7 8 , 1 3 2 1 , 1 3 < 2 s r a e Y m € - - - - 5 7 1 , 2 9 4 3 , 3 2 < 1 s r a e Y m € - - - - 6 9 0 , 3 9 4 5 , 1 m € 2 1 < 3 s h t n o M - - - 7 3 0 , 7 3 4 0 , 2 3 2 4 , 1 m € 3 < 1 s h t n o M - 3 6 2 9 8 5 , 7 4 6 1 , 2 2 - 6 7 m € 1 < 0 h t n o M - 1 9 6 , 5 8 3 0 , 0 9 7 5 8 , 6 - 5 6 5 , 1 4 1 2 , 9 9 3 5 , 2 4 9 9 , 2 4 2 5 , 5 5 4 6 , 4 3 0 5 , 0 1 2 9 0 , 0 3 1 5 1 , 4 0 1 - - 4 5 3 0 8 6 , 1 8 6 0 , 3 - - - - 1 3 3 0 0 0 , 1 - - - - 4 - - - - 4 8 3 9 6 8 4 - 1 4 - - - - 4 7 1 3 7 8 9 0 , 4 - - - 3 4 8 , 1 0 1 6 , 0 1 - 4 7 6 , 4 - - 0 0 2 - 1 9 4 , 7 7 4 3 , 4 1 - 3 1 0 , 6 1 3 2 7 , 7 5 6 1 9 , 3 1 1 0 4 , 2 1 - - 0 0 4 - - 8 5 8 ) d e u n i t n o c ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n I 9 5 s r e m o t s u c s k n a b o t o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s t e s s a l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v a s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i y t i r u t a m o t d l e h s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i s t e s s A s k n a b d n a s k n a b l a r t n e c y b s t i s o p e D s e i t i l i b a i l l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T l a t i p a c d n a s e i t i l i b a i l d e t a n i d r o b u S e u s s i n i s e i t i r u c e s t b e D s t n u o c c a r e m o t s u C y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h S l s t n e m u r t s n i s e i t i l i b a i l r e h t O s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a l a t o T s e i t i l i b a i L 4 7 1 , 2 8 1 4 5 5 , 5 4 8 8 , 3 2 2 0 1 , 5 1 3 3 , 1 8 8 3 6 3 5 3 0 9 , 4 7 2 3 , 7 1 4 5 1 , 6 3 5 9 9 , 6 8 y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h s l d n a s e i t i l i b a i l l a t o T - - - 5 8 2 m € - ) 5 8 2 ( m € ) 1 1 2 , 7 1 ( ) 6 2 4 ( ) 6 2 5 , 4 1 ( 3 8 3 , 2 1 9 0 8 , 2 1 m $ S U m $ S U ) 3 ( 7 6 6 ) 1 8 8 , 2 ( 3 9 9 , 6 6 2 9 , 6 1 m € 4 1 8 , 5 8 7 4 5 3 3 , 7 2 m $ S U 7 3 1 7 1 , 1 3 3 9 , 9 m € 9 7 3 2 3 2 1 2 5 , 1 2 m $ S U ) 2 4 ( ) 2 6 4 ( ) 3 0 3 , 2 ( 8 4 6 , 2 2 6 7 , 8 m € 1 8 7 , 1 5 9 1 2 4 1 , 1 2 m $ S U 0 5 4 , 5 4 1 1 , 6 m € 2 6 3 , 3 1 2 4 1 6 3 , 9 1 m $ S U 4 6 6 m € 5 4 0 , 2 8 0 1 , 1 1 1 4 9 9 9 , 5 1 m $ S U ) 6 9 7 , 2 1 ( ) 3 9 7 , 2 1 ( ) 0 6 4 , 3 1 ( ) 8 3 9 , 3 1 ( ) 0 7 1 , 4 1 ( ) 5 6 3 , 4 1 ( ) 6 8 7 , 4 1 ( ) 1 5 1 , 8 ( 7 2 3 , 1 ) 1 8 3 , 1 ( m € 8 5 2 , 1 1 9 8 , 4 1 m $ S U ) 3 3 0 , 2 ( ) 7 9 1 , 5 1 ( 6 9 0 , 9 ) 8 0 7 , 2 ( ) 8 5 1 , 5 1 ( m € ) 2 0 2 , 7 ( 3 3 6 , 3 1 m $ S U ) 0 1 7 , 4 ( ) 4 6 1 , 3 1 ( 6 0 7 , 4 0 5 4 , 2 1 0 5 4 , 2 1 m € 5 3 8 , 0 2 5 3 8 , 0 2 m $ S U ) 4 5 4 , 8 ( ) 4 5 4 , 8 ( 5 5 0 3 4 ) 5 7 3 ( ) 3 5 1 , 4 ( 6 8 0 , 1 8 7 7 , 3 4 4 4 2 9 6 , 2 6 5 5 8 4 2 , 2 8 8 3 , 1 2 9 6 , 1 9 3 3 4 0 3 ) 5 3 ( ) 7 6 2 ( 2 3 2 ) 5 3 9 , 2 ( 7 6 1 , 3 7 6 1 , 3 m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S 9 2 2 2 6 5 ) 9 2 4 , 1 ( ) 8 5 6 , 1 ( ) 7 5 4 ( ) 0 2 2 , 2 ( 0 6 9 6 9 0 1 ) 3 6 7 , 1 ( ) 3 2 8 , 1 ( ) 2 9 8 , 1 ( 0 3 1 ) 1 0 0 , 2 ( 5 5 1 , 2 ) 1 3 1 , 2 ( ) 1 4 7 ( ) 6 8 2 , 4 ( ) 5 4 5 , 3 ( ) 5 4 5 , 3 ( m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n i g n i t c e f f a s t n e m u r t s n i l a i c n a n i f e v i t a v i r e D p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( 373 Notes to the accounts 7 0 0 2 l a t o T m € 6 5 2 , 8 5 6 4 , 9 4 8 9 , 0 2 0 8 5 , 1 1 3 0 6 , 7 2 1 4 9 1 9 8 3 , 0 3 8 0 3 , 1 8 6 6 8 , 1 4 5 0 6 , 4 3 7 6 , 9 3 5 8 , 9 6 5 2 , 8 - m € m € g n i r a e b - - - 6 5 9 , 3 - - 4 9 1 - - 2 4 1 ) 2 4 7 ( 5 4 3 4 2 6 , 7 9 6 3 , 7 6 6 1 5 8 8 , 9 - - - - 0 7 8 , 3 3 0 8 , 5 3 5 8 , 9 8 8 8 , 7 7 1 2 1 2 , 2 1 m € - - 7 1 1 1 6 1 , 5 7 7 0 , 3 5 5 3 , 8 - 7 2 8 3 7 6 6 , 2 8 9 7 , 2 - - g n i d a r T t s e r e t n i - n o N + s r a e y 5 5 < 4 s r a e Y m € - - - 3 2 1 , 2 6 3 1 , 1 9 5 2 , 3 - 4 5 2 - 5 - - - 4 < 3 s r a e Y m € - - - 3 0 6 , 1 0 3 3 , 1 3 3 9 , 2 - 4 1 4 - - - - - 3 < 2 s r a e Y m € - - - 6 0 0 , 2 5 8 9 , 1 1 9 9 , 3 - 7 7 6 9 3 3 7 5 , 4 - - - 2 < 1 s r a e Y m € - - - 9 1 0 , 3 2 3 5 , 1 1 5 5 , 4 8 5 8 1 0 , 1 - 4 7 1 0 0 2 - - m € 2 1 < 3 s h t n o M - 3 8 - 6 3 3 , 9 5 0 3 , 4 m € 3 < 1 s h t n o M - 6 7 4 - 3 2 9 , 1 6 2 2 , 7 1 m € 1 < 0 h t n o M - - 7 4 6 , 8 1 7 8 , 7 8 1 5 3 , 5 4 2 7 , 3 1 5 2 6 , 9 1 9 6 8 , 1 0 1 - 8 4 6 , 2 3 8 9 , 3 3 6 5 , 8 - - - - 7 3 2 , 1 1 5 5 6 , 2 1 - 6 9 1 , 6 1 1 2 3 , 2 5 0 9 1 , 6 1 4 9 6 , 9 - - 0 0 6 - - 7 0 0 , 1 ) d e u n i t n o c ( y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n I 9 5 374 s r e m o t s u c s k n a b o t o t s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s e l b a v i e c e r d n a s n a o L s t e s s a l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T e l a s r o f e l b a l i a v a s t n e m t s e v n i l a i c n a n F i s t e s s A s k n a b d n a s k n a b l a r t n e c y b s t i s o p e D s e i t i l i b a i l l a i c n a n i f o i l o f t r o p g n i d a r T l a t i p a c d n a s e i t i l i b a i l d e t a n i d r o b u S e u s s i n i s e i t i r u c e s t b e D s t n u o c c a r e m o t s u C y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h S l s t n e m u r t s n i s e i t i l i b a i l r e h t O s t e s s a r e h t O s t e s s a l a t o T s e i t i l i b a i L 8 8 8 , 7 7 1 4 6 0 , 4 7 0 7 , 5 2 4 5 8 , 5 9 5 2 4 1 4 6 4 0 , 5 0 5 4 , 1 4 9 1 , 5 1 2 8 6 , 0 4 8 1 2 , 9 7 y t i u q e ’ s r e d o h e r a h s l d n a s e i t i l i b a i l l a t o T - - - m € 8 4 1 , 8 - m € ) 8 4 1 , 8 ( ) 8 3 3 , 8 1 ( 8 4 9 , 4 ) 8 2 2 , 4 1 ( ) 4 4 5 ( ) 2 9 4 , 5 ( m $ S U m $ S U 4 1 8 3 0 8 ) 1 1 ( 8 9 6 ) 5 0 5 , 3 ( 6 0 0 , 6 0 9 1 , 0 1 m € 5 6 9 6 3 7 , 8 m $ S U 6 4 3 ) 9 0 7 ( ) 1 3 4 ( 1 3 4 , 3 4 8 1 , 4 m € 3 2 7 , 1 1 7 7 , 7 ) 0 7 8 ( 9 8 3 , 3 3 5 7 m € 1 0 9 , 1 8 4 0 , 6 ) 3 3 8 ( ) 2 2 2 ( ) 6 3 6 , 2 ( m € ) 1 2 8 , 1 ( 7 4 1 , 4 ) 5 8 8 ( 6 8 9 , 3 ) 4 1 4 , 2 ( m € 5 8 1 , 2 8 6 9 , 5 5 9 0 , 9 ) 0 0 4 , 6 ( m € 0 1 6 , 7 3 8 7 , 3 4 3 3 ) 5 9 4 , 5 1 ( ) 9 2 8 , 5 1 ( ) 9 2 8 , 5 1 ( m € 3 4 9 , 2 ) 7 2 8 , 3 ( m € ) 0 7 7 , 6 ( ) 0 7 7 , 6 ( 9 5 2 6 5 3 2 0 3 ) 5 5 0 , 1 ( ) 4 1 3 , 1 ( ) 0 7 6 , 1 ( 2 1 5 ) 2 7 9 , 1 ( 3 4 0 , 1 ) 4 8 4 , 2 ( 5 7 ) 7 2 5 , 3 ( ) 2 0 6 , 3 ( ) 2 0 6 , 3 ( m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m $ S U m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S m £ g t S ) 5 8 ( 5 9 9 ) 0 8 5 , 4 ( ) 0 8 0 , 1 ( 2 1 3 , 4 0 0 5 , 3 ) 2 1 8 ( 4 2 1 , 1 9 6 7 3 4 9 ) 6 3 9 , 1 ( ) 5 0 7 , 2 ( 8 7 6 ) 8 4 6 , 3 ( ) 5 5 4 ( ) 6 2 3 , 4 ( ) 2 7 5 , 2 ( ) 1 7 8 , 3 ( ) 9 9 2 , 1 ( ) 9 9 2 , 1 ( m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P m N L P 0 7 ) 1 3 3 ( ) 6 0 3 ( ) 1 0 4 ( ) 5 9 ( 3 8 3 2 2 3 ) 8 7 4 ( 6 3 3 ) 0 0 8 ( 7 7 3 ) 6 3 1 , 1 ( 7 1 4 4 2 4 ) 3 1 5 , 1 ( ) 0 3 9 , 1 ( 5 7 4 ) 4 5 3 , 2 ( ) 9 2 8 , 2 ( ) 9 2 8 , 2 ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n i e v i t a l u m u C p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( p a g y t i v i t i s n e s t s e r e t n I ) s t n e l a v i u q e o r u e n i ( ) 5 6 5 , 0 1 ( ) 1 9 3 , 1 2 ( 0 8 4 , 8 3 y t i v i t i s n e s e t a r t s e r e t n i g n i t c e f f a s t n e m u r t s n i l a i c n a n i f e v i t a v i r e D 60 Statement of cash flows Analysis of cash and cash equivalents For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash equivalents comprise the following balances with less than three months maturity from the date of acquisition: Cash and balances at central banks Loans and receivables to banks(1) Short term investments 2011 € m 2,934 4,439 - 7,373 2010 € m 3,686 1,875 151 5,712 Group 2009 € m 4,382 7,685 - Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2009 € m 2010 € m 2011 € m 1,067 2,025 - 2,007 1,611 - 3,618 2,589 7,550 - 10,139 12,067 3,092 (1)Includes € 7 million in relation to mortgage business in AmCredit which is included in disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale (2010: € 7 million). The Group is required to maintain balances with the Central Bank which amounted to € 142 million at 31 December 2011 (2010: € 118 million; 2009: € 124 million). The Group is required by law to maintain reserve balances with the Bank of England and with central banks in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. At 31 December 2011, these amounted to € 1,676 million (2010: € 1,630 million; 2009: € 1,627 million). At 31 December 2009, the Group was required to maintain reserve balances with the National Bank of Poland. These amounted to € 301 million. Cash flows in respect of acquisitions The aggregate net outflow of cash from the acquisition of Anglo deposit business (note 23) and EBS (note 24) in 2011 is as follows: Cash consideration paid on acquisition of Anglo business Cash and cash equivalent acquired on acquisition of EBS Net cash outflow on acquisitions Discontinued operations The following cash flows relate to the discontinued operations of BZWBK: Profit/(loss) after taxation Income tax Profit before taxation Net movement in non cash items from operating activities Net cash outflow from operating assets and liabilities Taxation paid Net cash flows from operating activities Net cash flows from investing activities Net cash flows from financing activities Decrease in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents disposed of Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at date of disposal/year end Further details in relation to discontinued operations are set out in note 72. Period to 1 April 2011 € m 1,628 17 1,645 (1,573) (87) (34) (49) (38) - (87) 767 (673) (7) - 2010 € m 199 72 271 111 (318) (56) 8 42 (22) 28 716 - 23 767 2011 € m (3,779) 359 (3,420) 2009 € m (45) 51 6 318 (534) (84) (294) (30) - (324) 1,030 - 10 716 375 Notes to the accounts 61 Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity Group Financial assets Net assets of disposal groups(1)(2) Trading portfolio financial assets(2) Derivative financial instruments(3) Loans and receivables to banks(4) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds(5) Financial investments available for sale(2) Other financial assets Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments(3) Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities Repayable on demand € m 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less but over 3 months € m 5 years or less but over 1 year € m 2011 Total Over 5 years € m € m 5 - - 3,353 22,930 - - 2 26,290 - 711 26,177 - - 474 26 8 238 2,246 2,601 19,856 942 732 26,649 575 33,079 18,683 2,139 - 15 263 - 190 123 6,696 - 1,334 - 8,606 305 - 10,947 3,654 - - 671 35 1,163 - 12,467 - 6,645 - 226 11 1,455 - 52,798 - 6,224 - 1,191 54 3,046 5,722 97,492 19,856 15,145 734 20,981 60,714 143,240 941 3,100 4,810 7,196 1,177 - 2,022 - 57 2,665 3,843 36,890 60,674 15,654 32 - 1,209 489 27,362 54,491 14,906 17,224 4,776 118,759 376 61 Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity (continued) Group Financial assets Repayable on demand € m 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less but over 3 months € m 5 years or less but over 1 year € m 2010 Total Over 5 years € m € m Financial assets held for sale to NAMA(4), (6) 378 Net assets of disposal groups(1) Trading portfolio financial assets(2) Derivative financial instruments(3) Loans and receivables to banks(4) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds(5) Financial investments available for sale(2) Other financial assets - - - 1,378 14,895 - - 2 870 2,274 2 194 1,452 5,447 7,869 1,775 575 373 72 9 241 117 8,763 - 2,772 - 438 - 9 1,495 - 19,932 - 204 - 11 1,385 - 44,767 - 7,791 8,173 - - 2,263 2,346 31 3,315 2,947 93,804 7,869 20,511 577 16,653 20,458 12,347 29,665 54,540 133,663 Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments(3) Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities - 588 23,562 18 - 707 260 49,036 19,889 622 - 215 193 148 6,280 2,284 - - 1,190 97 2,326 10,975 322 - 1,377 - 332 1,765 4,009 - 3,020 49,869 52,389 15,664 4,331 922 24,875 70,022 8,905 14,910 7,483 126,195 (1)In 2011, only disposal groups that contain financial assets and financial liabilities have been included. In 2010, this caption includes BZWBK which is shown in the table by the expected completion date of the disposal. (2)Excluding equity shares. (3)Shown by maturity date of contract. (4)Shown gross of provisions for impairment, unearned income and deferred costs. (5)New notes will be issued at each maturity date, with the next maturity date being 1 March 2012. Upon maturity, the issuer has the option to settle in cash or issue new notes. (6)Accrued interest receivable not included, derivative financial assets included. 377 Notes to the accounts 62 Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity The balances in the table below, include the undiscounted cash flows relating to principal and interest on financial liabilities and as such will not agree directly with the balances on the consolidated statement of financial position. All derivative financial instruments with the exception of interest rate swaps have been included in the ‘3 months or less but not repayable on demand’ category at their mark to market value. Interest rate swaps have been analysed based on their contractual maturity undiscounted cash flows. In the daily management of liquidity risk, the Group adjusts the contractual outflows on customer deposits to reflect inherent stability of these deposits. Offsetting the liability outflows are cash inflows from the assets on the statement of financial position. Additionally, the Group holds a stock of high quality liquid assets, which are held for the purpose of covering unexpected cash outflows. The following table analyses, on an undiscounted basis, financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturity. Group Financial liabilities(1) Financial liabilities held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups held for sale Derivative financial instruments Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Other liabilities Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Group Financial liabilities(1) Derivative financial instruments Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Other liabilities Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Repayable on demand € m - - - 712 26,065 - 474 - 27,251 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less 5 years or less but over 1 year € m but over 3 months € m - - 1,027 33,124 19,072 2,357 15 - - 532 - 11,315 3,916 - - - 1,625 3,195 5,212 7,912 - 2011 Total Over 5 years € m € m - - 1,807 - 152 2,829 - - - 4,991 37,031 61,816 17,014 489 - 160 2,240 121 2,521 55,595 15,923 20,184 4,909 123,862 Repayable on demand € m 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less but over 3 months € m 5 years or less but over 1 year € m 2010 Total Over 5 years € m € m - 588 23,564 18 707 - 24,877 926 49,109 19,922 790 215 4 70,966 738 205 6,322 2,575 - 218 10,058 1,342 257 2,354 12,071 - 803 - 334 1,961 - 3,809 50,159 52,496 17,415 922 1,984 6,326 8,532 18,008 9,424 133,333 (1)In 2010, financial liabilities of disposal groups are not included within this table as a sale was agreed on 10 September 2010, for the most significant element included within disposal groups and completed on 1 April 2011. For 2011, disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale are included based on their undiscounted contractual maturity. 378 62 Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity (continued) The undiscounted cash flows potentially payable under guarantees and similar contracts, included below within contingent liabilities, are classified on the basis of the earliest date the facilities can be called. The Group is only called upon to satisfy a guarantee when the guaranteed party fails to meet its obligations. The Group expects most guarantees it provides to expire unused. The Group has given commitments to provide funds to customers under undrawn facilities. The undiscounted cash flows have been classified on the basis of the earliest date that the facility can be drawn. The Group does not expect all facilities to be drawn, and some may lapse before drawdown. The 2010 maturity band comparatives have been amended to be consistent with the current year. Group Contingent liabilities Commitments Of which: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Group Contingent liabilities Commitments Of which: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Payable on 3 months or less demand but not repayable on demand € m - - € m 2,009 9,862 1 year or less 5 years or less but over 1 year € m - - but over 3 months € m - - 11,871 11,871 - 11,871 Payable on demand € m 4,092 14,444 18,536 16,818 1,718 18,536 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m - - 1 year or less but over 3 months € m - - 5 years or less but over 1 year € m - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Over 5 years € m - - - - - - Over 5 years € m - - - - - - 2011 Total € m 2,009 9,862 11,871 11,871 - 11,871 2010 Total € m 4,092 14,444 18,536 16,818 1,718 18,536 379 Notes to the accounts 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests Commentary on the Company’s policy with respect to directors’ remuneration is included in the Corporate Governance Statement on page 213. Directors’ remuneration The following tables detail the total remuneration of the Directors in office during 2011 and 2010: Directors’ fees - Parent & Irish Subsidiary Companies(1) Directors’ Remuneration for other activities on behalf of fees - Non-Irish Subsidiary Companies(2) the Company(7) Salary Annual taxable benefits(3) Pension contribution(4) € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 2011 Total Remuneration Executive Directors Bernard Byrne (appointed 24 June 2011) David Duffy (appointed 15 December 2011) David Hodgkinson(1(a)) (remuneration as Executive Chairman from 1 January to 11 December 2011) Non-Executive Directors Simon Ball (appointed 13 October 2011) Declan Collier David Hodgkinson(1(a)) (remuneration as Non-Executive Chairman from 12 to 31 December 2011) Stephen L Kingon(5) (resigned as Director on 26 July 2011) Anne Maher(6) (resigned as Director on 26 July 2011) Jim O’Hara David Pritchard(5) (resigned as Director on 26 July 2011) Dr Michael Somers,(1(b)) Deputy Chairman Dick Spring Tom Wacker (appointed 13 October 2011) Catherine Woods(7) Former Directors Kieran Crowley(8) Other(9) Total 6 71 15 76 85 65 47 150 59 12 138 724 24 37 11 92 140 47 138 138 380 213 23 473 709 29 38 280 3 26 108 137 41 581 887 6 71 15 113 96 65 139 150 59 12 276 1,002 71 110 2,070 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests (continued) Directors’ fees - Parent & Irish Subsidiary Directors’ fees - Non-Irish Subsidiary Companies(1) Companies(2) Salary Annual Entitle- taxable ments in lieu of benefits(3) pension benefits € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 € 000 Reduction in pension entitle- ments from Pension Scheme € 000 2010 Total Pension contrib- ution Payments on termin- ation of contract € 000 € 000 € 000 Remuneration Executive Directors Colm Doherty (resigned as Executive Director on 1 November 2010 and retired from AIB on 10 November 2010) David Hodgkinson (appointed Executive Chairman on 27 October 2010) Dan O’Connor (resigned as Executive Chairman on 13 October 2010) Non-Executive Directors Declan Collier Kieran Crowley (resigned as Director on 13 October 2010) Stephen L Kingon Anne Maher Sean O’Driscoll (resigned as Director on 28 April 2010) Jim O’Hara (appointed 13 October 2010) David Pritchard Dr Michael Somers, Deputy Chairman (appointed 14 January 2010) Dick Spring Robert G Wilmers (resigned as Director on 5 October 2010) Jennifer Winter (resigned as Director on 28 April 2010) Catherine Woods (appointed 13 October 2010) Former Directors Donal Forde Other Total 90 216 306 40 104 105 116 - 6 76 98 47 - 19 6 617 35 35 17 - 74 161 432 50 1,966 (1,744) 953 1,043 2,700 11 101 216 432 61 1,966 (1,744) 953 1,043 3,017 40 139 140 133 - 6 150 98 47 - 19 6 778 420 110 4,325 381 Notes to the accounts 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests (continued) (1) Fees paid to Non-Executive Directors: (a) Mr. David Hodgkinson was appointed Non-Executive Chairman with effect from 12 December 2011, having been Executive Chairman from 27 October 2010. His non-pensionable annual flat fee as Non-Executive Chairman is € 275,000 and he was paid a pro-rata equivalent amount for the period from 12 December to 31 December 2011. His annual non-pensionable flat fee as Executive Chairman was € 500,000 and he was paid a pro-rata equivalent amount for the period from 1 January to 11 December 2011. Mr. Hodgkinson was also entitled to payment of accommodation and related utility expenses during his tenure as Executive Chairman, plus compensation for any personal tax liability arising from this benefit; (b) Dr. Michael Somers is Deputy Chairman and Chairman of the Board Risk Committee and is paid a non-pensionable flat fee of € 150,000 per annum which includes remuneration for other services as a director of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.; and (c) All other Non-Executive Directors are paid a basic, non-pensionable fee in respect of service as a Director, payable at a rate of € 27,375 per annum (voluntarily reduced from € 36,500 between December 2008 and February 2009), and additional non-pensionable remuneration (subject also to an equivalent reduction) paid to any Non-Executive Director who: is the Chairman of the Audit Committee or the Remuneration Committee; is the Senior Independent Director, or; performs additional services, such as through membership of Board Committees or the board of a subsidiary company; (2) Non-Executive Directors of the Parent Company who also serve as Directors of non-Irish subsidiaries are separately paid a non-pensionable flat fee, which is independently agreed and paid by the subsidiaries, in respect of their service as a Director of those companies; (3) Annual taxable benefits include the use of a company car or the payment of a car allowance, and benefit arising from loans made at preferential interest rates; (4) ‘Pension contributions’ represents agreed payments to the AIB Defined Contribution Scheme to provide post-retirement pension benefits for Executive Directors from normal retirement date. The fees of the Chairman and Non-Executive Directors are non-pensionable; (5) Mr. David Pritchard & Mr. Stephen L. Kingon resigned as Non-Executive Directors of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 26 July 2011. Following their resignations, Messrs. Pritchard and Kingon remained as Non-Executive Directors of AIB Group (UK) plc, of which Mr. Pritchard is Chairman, in relation to which they continue to earn fees as outlined at (2) above; the fees paid by AIB Group (UK) plc since 26 July 2011 were € 39,897 in respect of Mr. Pritchard and € 17,265 in respect of Mr. Kingon both amounts are included in the remuneration outlined on page 380; (6) Ms. Anne Maher resigned as a Non-Executive Director of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 26 July 2011. Since her resignation, Ms. Maher has continued as a Director of the Corporate Trustee of the AIB Irish Pension Scheme and of the AIB Defined Contribution Scheme, in respect of which she earned fees of € 15,000 since 26 July 2011; this amount is included in the remuneration outlined on page 380. She was also a Member of the Supervisory Board of BZWBK, in respect of which she earned fees as outlined at (2) above, up to the date of her resignation from that position on 20 April 2011; (7) Ms. Catherine Woods is (i) a Non-Executive Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee and Member of the Board Risk Committee of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., (ii) a Non-Executive Director and Audit Committee Member of AIB Mortgage Bank since 29 March 2011, and (iii) a Non-Executive Director and Board Risk Committee Member of EBS Limited since 1 July 2011, in respect of which she earned fees as outlined at 1(c) above. During 2011, Ms. Woods was also extensively engaged over a number of months fulfilling an independent role in the interview, assessment and evaluation of a significant number of candidates for senior management positions in the new organisation structure. Ms. Woods participated in the interview, assessment and/or evaluation of over 140 candidates, for which she was paid accordingly, and the related fees are set out in the table on page 380. This activity was particular to 2011 and will not be repeated; (8) Mr. Kieran Crowley resigned as a Non-Executive Director of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 13 October 2010. Following his resignation Mr. Crowley remained as a Non-Executive Director of two subsidiary companies of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., namely, (i) AIB Mortgage Bank, from which he resigned on 21 December 2011 and in relation to which he continued to earn fees on the basis outlined at (1)(c) above up to that date; and (ii) AIB Group (UK) plc, in relation to which he continues to earn fees on the basis outlined at (2) above; (9) ‘Other’ represents the payment of pensions to former Directors or their dependants granted on an ex-gratia basis and are fully provided for in the Statement of Financial Position. 382 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests (continued) Interests in shares The beneficial interests of the Directors and the Secretary in office at 31 December 2011, and of their spouses and minor children, in the Company’s ordinary shares are as follows: Ordinary shares Directors: Simon Ball Bernard Byrne Declan Collier David Duffy David Hodgkinson Jim O’Hara Dr Michael Somers Dick Spring Tom Wacker Catherine Woods Secretary: David O’Callaghan *or date of appointment, if later 31 December 2011 1 January* 2011 - - - - - - - - - - - - 13,437 13,437 - - - - - - 8,120 8,120 Throughout 2011, the Directors were again prohibited from trading in the Company’s shares due to significant ongoing corporate activity and close periods in advance of public disclosures. The following table sets forth the beneficial interests of the Directors and Executive Committee members of AIB as a group (including their spouses and minor children) at 31 December 2011. Title of class Ordinary shares Identity of person or group Directors and Executive Committee members of AIB as a group Number owned Percent of class 91,541 * * The total shares in issue at 31 December 2011, excluding 35,680,114 Treasury shares, was 513,493,126,277. 383 Notes to the accounts 63 Report on directors’ remuneration and interests (continued) Share options There were no options to subscribe for ordinary shares outstanding in favour of the Executive Directors at 31 December 2011. Details of the Secretary’s options to subscribe for ordinary shares are given below. Information on the Share Option Schemes, including policy on the granting of options, is given in note 11. The vesting of these options is dependent on Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) targets being met. Subject thereto, the options outstanding at 31 December 2011 are exercisable at various dates between 2012 and 2014. Details are shown in the Register of Directors’ and Secretary’s Interests, which may be inspected by shareholders at the Company’s Registered Office. Secretary: David O’Callaghan Date of grant 23.04.2003 28.04.2004 Number Option Price € of shares 2,500 2,500 13.30 12.60 Vested/ unvested Vested Vested Exercise period 23.04.2006 - 2013 28.04.2007 - 2014 No share options were granted or exercised during 2011. The Chairman and the Non-Executive Directors do not participate in the share options plans. The aggregate number of share options outstanding at 31 December 2011 in the names of executive directors and Executive committee members (‘Senior Executive Officers’), was 124,985 as follows: Outstanding as at 31 December 2010: Add: Options held by Senior Executive Officers appointed during 2011 Add: Options granted during 2011 Less: Options exercised during 2011 Less: Options lapsed during 2011 Less: Options held by Senior Executive Officers who left office during 2011 Options outstanding as at 31 December 2011 280,485 45,500 - - (50,000) (151,000) 124,985 Performance shares There were no conditional grants of awards of ordinary shares outstanding to Executive Directors or the Secretary at 31 December 2011. Apart from the interests set out above, the Directors and Secretary in office at year-end, and their spouses and minor children, have no other interests in the shares of the Company. There were no changes in the Directors’ and Secretary’s interests shown above between 31 December 2011 and 29 March 2012. The year-end closing price, on the Enterprise Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange, of the Company’s ordinary shares was € 0.07 per share; during the year, the price ranged from € 0.04 to € 0.33. Service contracts There are no service contracts in force for any Director with the Company or any of its subsidiaries. 384 64 Related party transactions Related parties of the Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”) include subsidiary undertakings, associate undertakings and joint undertakings, post-employment benefits, Key Management Personnel and connected parties. The Irish Government is also considered a related party by virtue of its effective control of AIB. (a) Transactions with subsidiary undertakings AIB is the ultimate parent company of the Group. Banking transactions are entered into by AIB with its subsidiaries in the normal course of business. These include loans, deposits, provision of derivative contracts, foreign currency transactions and the provision of guarantees on an ‘arms length’ basis. Balances between AIB and its subsidiaries are detailed in notes 29, 30, 40, 41 and 73. In accordance with IAS 27 - Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, transactions with subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation. (b) Associated undertakings and joint ventures From time to time, the Group provides certain banking and financial services for associated undertakings. These transactions are made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavourable features. Details of loans to associates are set out in notes 29 and 30, while deposits from associates are set out in notes 40 and 41. (c) Sale and Leaseback of Blocks E, F, G and H Bankcentre to Aviva Life and Pensions Ireland Limited. (“ALP”) On 9 June 2006, the Group agreed the sale and leaseback of blocks E, F, G, and H at Bankcentre. The lease is for 20 years.The blocks were sold to ALP for a total consideration of € 170.5 million. AIB hold a 24.99% share of Aviva Life Holdings Ireland Ltd. (“ALH”) which is the holding company for Ark Life and ALP. The agreed annual rent payable on blocks E, F, G and H is € 7.1 million. The rent is paid through Wallkav Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of AIB. (d) Provision of banking and related services to Group Pension Funds, unit trusts and investment funds managed by Group companies The Group provides certain banking and financial services including asset management and money transmission services for the AIB Group Pension Funds and also for unit trusts and investment funds managed by Group companies. Such services are provided in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons. (e) Compensation of key management personnel The following disclosures are made in accordance with the provisions of IAS 24 - Related Party Disclosures, in respect of the compensation of key management personnel. Under IAS 24, ‘key management personnel’ are defined as comprising executive and non-executive directors together with senior executive officers, namely, the members of the Executive Committee (see pages 201 to 203). The figures shown below include the figures separately reported in respect of directors’ remuneration in the ‘Report on directors’ remuneration and interests’ in note 63. Short-term employee benefits(1) Post-employment benefits(2) Total 2011 € m 5.1 0.3 5.4 Group 2010 € m 7.4 3.5 10.9 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 4.7 0.2 4.9 6.2 2.3 8.5 (1)Comprises (a) in the case of executive directors and senior executive officers: salary, medical insurance, benefit-in-kind arising from preferential loans and use of company car (or payment in lieu), and other short-term benefits; and (b) in the case of non-executive directors: directors’ fees. (2)Comprises payments to defined benefit or defined contribution pension schemes, in accordance with actuarial advice, to provide post-retirement pensions from normal retirement date. 385 Notes to the accounts 64 Related party transactions (continued) (f) Transactions with key management personnel At 31 December 2011, deposit and other credit balances held by key management personnel, namely executive and non-executive directors and senior executive officers, in office during the year amounted to € 6.6 million (2010: € 8.5 million). Loans to the key management personnel are made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons of similar standing not connected with the Group, and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavourable features. Loans to executive directors and senior executive officers are also made in the ordinary course of business, on terms available to other employees in the Group generally, in accordance with established policy, within limits set on a case by case basis. Details of transactions with key management personnel, and connected parties where indicated, for the years ended 31 December 2011 and 2010 are as follows: (i) Current directors David Duffy: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Jim O’Hara: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Dr Michael Somers: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Dick Spring: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Catherine Woods: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2011 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2011 € 000 1,512 14 1,526 - - - - 3 3 - 5 5 115 - 115 - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 80 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 9 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 - n/a n/a 2011 Balance at 31 December 2011 € 000 1,432 1 1,433 27 1,551 - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - - - - - - 2 2 - 5 - 7 7 - 14 106 - 106 2 115 As at 31 December 2011, guarantees entered into by Catherine Woods in favour of the Group amounted to € 0.1 million. Simon Ball, Bernard Byrne, Declan Collier, David Hodgkinson and Tom Wacker had no facilities with the Group during 2011. *Amounts advanced and repaid are not shown for overdraft/credit card facilities as such facilities are revolving in nature (i.e. they may 386 be drawn, repaid and redrawn up to their limit over the course of the year). 64 Related party transactions (continued) (ii) Former Directors who were in office during the year: Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2011 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2011 € 000 28 12 40 - n/a n/a 28 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 - n/a n/a Stephen Kingon: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Anne Maher and David Pritchard had no facilities with the Group during 2011. (iii) Senior Executive Officers in office during the year (Aggregrate of 9 person (2010: 10): Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 2,651 53 Amounts advanced during 2011 € 000 - n/a Amounts repaid during 2011 € 000 347 n/a 2,704 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 1 n/a n/a Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 2011 Balance at 31 December 2011 € 000 - 15 15 1 44 2011 Balance at 31 December 2011 € 000 2,303 74 2,377 83 2,776 (iv) Aggregate amounts outstanding at year-end: Directors (2011: 5 persons; 2010: 10) Senior Executive Officers (2011: 9 persons; 2010: 10) Loans, overdrafts/credit cards 31 December 2011 € 000 31 December 2010 € 000 1,563 2,377 3,940 2,857 3,054 5,911 As at 31 December 2011 guarantees entered into by 1 director and 3 senior executive officers in favour of the Group amounted to € 1.9 million in aggregate (2010: € 1.1 million). (v) Connected persons: The aggregate of loans to connected persons of directors in office as at 31 December 2011, as defined in Section 26 of the Companies Act 1990, are as follows (aggregrate of 17 persons; 2010: 18): Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2011 Maximum debit balance during 2011 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2011 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2011 € 000 1,100 32 1,132 - n/a n/a 53 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 - n/a n/a 2011 Balance at 31 December 2011 € 000 1,047 107 1,154 47 1,244 No impairment charges or provisions have been recognised in respect of any of the above loans or facilities detailed in (i) to (v) and all interest that has fallen due on all of these loans or facilities has been paid. *Amounts advanced and repaid are not shown for overdraft/credit card facilities as such facilities are revolving in nature (may be drawn, repaid and redrawn up to their limit over the course of the year). 387 Notes to the accounts 64 Related party transactions (continued) Directors in office during the year 2010: Stephen Kingon: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Jim O’Hara: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Dr Michael Somers: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Dick Spring: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Catherine Woods: Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Balance at 31 December 2009 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2010 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2010 € 000 Currency movements € 000 2010 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 38 14 52 - 14 14 - 3 3 - 19 19 123 - 123 - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 11 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 8 n/a n/a 1 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 28 12 40 2 55 - - - 1 29 - 3 3 - 6 - 5 5 - 22 115 - 115 2 123 As at 31 December 2010, guarantees entered into by Catherine Woods in favour of the Group amounted to € 0.1 million. Declan Collier, David Hodgkinson, Anne Maher and David Pritchard had no facilities with the Group during 2010. *Amounts advanced and repaid are not shown for overdraft/credit card facilities as such facilities are revolving in nature (i.e. they may be drawn, repaid and redrawn up to their limit over the course of the year). 388 64 Related party transactions (continued) (ii) Former Directors who were in office during the year: Balance at 31 December 2009 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2010 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2010 € 000 Currency movements € 000 2010 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 Colm Doherty Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Kieran Crowley(1) Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Dan O’Connor Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Sean O’Driscoll Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Jennifer Winter Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 - 1 1 1,617 8 1,625 - 14 14 1,228 11 1,239 92 - 92 - n/a n/a 63 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 591 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 12 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a - n/a n/a 277 n/a n/a - n/a n/a - - - - 10 1,089 7 1,096 41 1,690 - 3 3 - 17 1,505 10 1,515 44 1,538 80 - 80 2 92 Robert Wilmers had no facilities with the Group during 2010. (1)Including facilities to businesses in which Mr Crowley has an interest. *Amounts advanced and repaid are not shown for overdraft/credit card facilities as such facilities are revolving in nature (may be drawn, repaid and redrawn up to their limit over the course of the year). 389 Notes to the accounts 64 Related party transactions (continued) (iii) Senior Executive Officers in office during the year 2010 (Aggregrate of 10): Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Balance at 31 December 2009 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2010 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2010 € 000 5,147 131 5,278 57 n/a n/a 2,226 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 8 n/a n/a 2010 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 2,986 68 3,054 122 5,541 (iv) Aggregate amounts outstanding at year-end: Directors (2010: 10 persons; 2009: 11) Senior Executive Officers (2010: 10 persons; 2009: 6) Loans, overdrafts/credit cards 31 December 2010 € 000 31 December 2009 € 000 2,857 3,054 5,911 5,508 4,068 9,576 As at 31 December 2010 guarantees entered into by 1 director and 3 senior executive officers in favour of the Group amounted to € 1.1 million in aggregate (2009:€ 1.3 million). (v) Connected persons: The aggregate of loans to connected persons of directors in office as at 31 December 2010, as defined in Section 26 of the Companies Act 1990, are as follows (aggregrate of 18 persons): Loans Overdraft/Credit card* Total Interest charged during 2010 Maximum debit balance during 2010 Balance at 31 December 2009 € 000 Amounts advanced during 2010 € 000 Amounts repaid during 2010 € 000 668 54 722 96 n/a n/a 43 n/a n/a Currency movements € 000 - n/a n/a 2010 Balance at 31 December 2010 € 000 721 27 748 18 833 No impairment charges or provisions have been recognised in respect of any of the above loans or facilities detailed in (i) to (v) and all interest that has fallen due on all of these loans or facilities has been paid. *Amounts advanced and repaid are not shown for overdraft/credit card facilities as such facilities are revolving in nature (may be drawn, repaid and redrawn up to their limit over the course of the year). (g) Transactions with Irish Government In 2009, the Irish Government became a related party to AIB by virtue of (a) the CIFS Scheme; and (b) the issue by AIB of € 3.5 billion 2009 Preference Shares to the NPRFC. Following the various ordinary/CNV share issues to the NPRFC during 2010 and 2011, AIB is now under the control of the Irish Government. AIB enters into normal banking transactions with the Irish Government and many of its controlled bodies on an arm’s length basis. However, because of the crisis in the Irish banking sector, the involvement of the Irish Government in AIB and other Irish banks has been significant. This involvement is outlined in note 56 and summarised below. 390 64 Related party transactions (continued) Capital transactions 2009 Preference Shares At 31 December 2011 and at 31 December 2010, the NPRFC held € 3.5 billion capital in the form of Non-cumulative preference shares. The annual cash dividend amounting to € 280 million was not paid during the year, however, the dividend entitlement was satisfied by way of a Bonus issue of 1,247,273,565 ordinary shares (2010: 198,089,847). Ordinary shares The NPRFC’s ordinary share holding in AIB increased from 49.9% at 31 December 2010 to 99.8% at 31 December 2011. This increase arose from the following transactions: - - - the conversion of outstanding 10,489,899,564 CNV shares to ordinary shares on a one for one basis; the issue of Bonus shares in lieu of the 2009 Preference Share dividend outlined above; and the issue of 500 billion ordinary shares to the NPRFC. Contingent capital notes On 27 July 2011, AIB issued € 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes at par to the Minister for Finance. Capital contributions On 28 July 2011, the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC made capital contributions of € 6.054 billion to AIB for no consideration. Guarantee schemes The European Communities (Deposit Guarantee Schemes) Regulations 1995 have been in operation since 1995. In addition, since September 2008, the Irish Government has guaranteed relevant deposits and debt securities of AIB through the Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Scheme 2008 (‘the CIFS scheme’) and the Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme 2009 (“ELG Scheme”). The CIFS Scheme expired on 29 September 2010. The ELG scheme, which came into effect in December 2009, provides for an unconditional and irrevocable State guarantee for certain eligible liabilities (including deposits) of up to five years in maturity for pre-defined periods on certain terms and conditions. The period of the scheme has been extended a number of times and is currently due to expire on 31 December 2012 subject to EU state aid approval which expires on 30 June 2012. Fees paid in respect of the CIFS and ELG schemes are set out in note 5. NAMA Programme The transfer of financial assets to NAMA has practically completed with further tranches transferring in 2011. As consideration for these transfers AIB received NAMA senior bonds and NAMA subordinated bonds. Details of the transfers are set out in notes 8 and 25. In addition, AIB received NAMA senior bonds and NAMA subordinated bonds as part of the EBS and Anglo transactions (notes 23 and 24). At 31 December 2011, AIB holds NAMA senior bonds with a carrying value of € 19,856 million (note 33) and NAMA subordinated bonds with a carry value of € 132 million. The NAMA senior bonds are accounted for in the statement of financial position as loans and receivables (note 33) and NAMA subordinated bonds are accounted for as equity financial investments available for sale (note 34). Investment in National Asset Management Agency Investment Ltd (“NAMAIL”) In March 2010, a subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. made an equity investment in 17 million “B” shares of the NAMAIL, a special purpose entity established by NAMA. The total investment amounted to € 17 million, of which € 12 million was invested on behalf of the AIB Group pension scheme with the remainder invested on behalf of clients. 391 Notes to the accounts 64 Related party transactions (continued) Funding support Throughout the financial crisis, the Irish Government has provided guarantees under the CIFS (expired September 2010) and ELG schemes as outlined on the previous page. In addition, through the Central Bank of Ireland (‘the Central Bank’), the Irish Government has provided direct funding to the Irish banking sector as follows: - AIB has borrowings from the Central Bank as part of Eurosystem. These borrowings are under ECB Monetary Policy Operation Sale and Repurchase Agreements and amount to € 30.8 billion (2010: € 23.4 billion). The AIB Mortgage Bank has Nil (2010: € 1.8 billion) with the Central Bank under the same facility. - AIB has no borrowings from the Central Bank under non-standard liquidity facilities. At 31 December 2010, collateralised borrowings under these facilities amounted to € 5.4 billion and uncollateralised borrowings were € 6.0 billion. The uncollateralised borrowings were guaranteed by the Minister for Finance, who in turn was indemnified by AIB for any payment which would be made under the guarantee. The interest rate on these facilities is set by the Central Bank and advised to AIB on each rollover date. This rate is linked to the ECB marginal lending rate. At 31 December 2011, the amounts outstanding totalling € 30.8 billion (2010: € 36.6 billion) are included within Deposits by central banks and banks in the table below. See note 40 for details of collateral. The following table outlines the balances held with Irish Government entities(1) at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010, together with the highest balances held at any point during the year. Assets Cash and balances at central banks Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Total assets Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Total liabilities Balance 2011 Highest(2) € m balance held € m Note a b c d e f g h 228 - 104 423 11 19,856 5,349 25,971 2,618 - 106 2,137 19 19,975 6,151 Balance 2011 Highest(2) € m balance held € m 31,133 176 15 1,177 32,501 47,916 11,846 31 1,177 2010 Highest(2) balance held € m 6,912 40 101 6,453 1,012 7,869 4,784 2010 Highest(2) balance held € m 38,814 343 3 - Balance € m 1,158 - 46 484 1 7,869 4,478 14,036 Balance € m 37,151 274 - - 37,425 (1)Includes all departments of the Irish Government located in the State and embassies, consulates and other institutions of the Irish Government located outside the State. The Post Office Savings Banks (“POSB”) and the National Treasury Management Agency (“NTMA”) are included. (2)The highest balance during the year, together with the outstanding balance at the end of each year, is considered the most meaningful way of representing the amount of transactions that have occurred between AIB and the Irish Government. Substantially all of the above balances relate to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. 392 64 Related party transactions (continued) a Cash and balances at the Central Bank represents the minimum reserve requirements which AIB is required to hold. Balances on this account can fluctuate significantly due to the reserve requirement being determined on the basis of the institution’s average daily reserve holdings over a one month maintenance period.The Group was required to maintain a Primary Liquidity balance of € 142 million at year end. b The balances on loans and receivables to banks includes statutory balances with the Central Bank as well as overnight funds placed. c This balance relates to funds placed with NTMA in the normal course of business cash management. d NAMA senior bonds were received as consideration for loans transferred to NAMA and as part of the Anglo and EBS transactions. These are detailed in notes 23 and 24 and under ‘NAMA Programme’ above. e Financial investments available for sale comprise € 5,217 million (2010: € 4,309 million) in Irish Government securities held in the normal course of business and NAMA subordinated bonds which have a fair value at 31 December 2011 of € 132 million (31 December 2010: € 169 million) detailed above under ‘NAMA Programme’. f This relates to funding received from the Central Bank which is detailed under ‘Funding Support’ above, the total of which amounts to € 30,831 million (2010: € 36,635 million). In addition, a deposit relating to Icarom and other funds accepted from the Central Bank are included. g The highest balance held during 2011 relates to three NTMA deposits which matured in July 2011. h On 27 July 2011, AIB issued € 1.6 billion of contingent capital notes at par to the Minister for Finance, the fair value of these notes at initial recognition was € 1,153 million (note 57). All other balances, both assets and liabilities are carried out in the ordinary course of banking business on normal terms and conditions. Local government(3) During 2011 and 2010, AIB entered into banking transactions in the normal course of business with local government bodies. These transactions include the granting of loans and the acceptance of deposits, and clearing transactions. Commercial semi-state bodies(4) During 2011, AIB entered into banking transactions in the normal course of business with semi-state bodies. These transactions principally include the granting of loans and the acceptance of deposits as well as derivative transactions and clearing transactions. (3)This category includes local authorities, borough corporations, county borough councils, county councils, boards of town commissioners, urban district councils, non-commercial public sector entities, public voluntary hospitals and schools. (4)Semi-state bodies is the name given to organisations within the public sector operating with some autonomy. They include commercial organisations or companies in which the State is the sole or main shareholder. 393 Notes to the accounts 64 Related party transactions (continued) Financial institutions under Irish Government control/significant influence Certain financial institutions are related parties to AIB by virtue of the Government either controlling or having a significant influence over these institutions. The following institutions are controlled by the Irish Government(1): - Irish Bank Resolution Corporation(2); and Irish Life and Permanent(3) - In addition, the Irish Government is deemed to have significant influence over Bank of Ireland. Transactions with these institutions are normal banking transactions entered into in the ordinary course of cash management business under normal business terms. The transactions constitute the short-term placing and acceptance of deposits, derivative transactions, investment in available for sale debt securities and repurchase agreements. At 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010, the following balances were outstanding in total to these financial institutions: Assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks(4) Financial investments available for sale(5)(6) Liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Derivative financial instruments Customer deposits 2011 Balance € m 2010 Balance € m 140 122 648 108 92 - 135 99 361 593 39 - Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has given a guarantee to AIB International Savings Limited (formerly Anglo IOM) to reimburse certain credit losses which may arise (at 31 December 2011, the maximum amount guaranteed was € 73 million). In turn, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. expects to be reimbursed, for any payment under such guarantee, from Irish Bank Resolution Corporation (“IBRC”) subject to the terms of/and the indemnities provided under the Transfer Support agreement between AIB and IBRC dated 23 February 2011. AIB has served notice of claim under the Transfer Support agreement for approximately € 69 million. (1)EBS, which was disclosed as a related party in 2010, is now consolidated within AIB Group following its acquisition on 1 July 2011 (note 24), comparative information above for 2010 has not been adjusted to reflect this. Included in the 2010 balances above, are financial investments available for sale of € 23 million and deposits by banks of € 43 million relating to EBS. (2)During 2011, the assets and liabilities of Irish Nationwide Building Society (“INBS”) were transferred to Anglo Irish Bank Corporation Limited (“Anglo”). Anglo subsequently changed its name to Irish Bank Resolution Corporation (“IBRC”). At 31 December 2010, both Anglo and INBS were related parties of AIB. (3)During 2011, Irish Life and Permanent Limited came under the control of the Irish Government. At 31 December 2010, the Irish Government was deemed to have significant influence over this company. (4)The highest balance in loans and receivables to banks amounted to € 1,885 million in respect of funds placed during the year (2010: € 450 million). (5)During 2011, AIB incurred an impairment loss of € 132 million (2010: Nil) due to liability management exercises by Irish banks, where either cash or equity was received in exchange for debt. (6)Includes equity securities issued in lieu of debt of € 36 million (2010: Nil). 394 64 Related party transactions (continued) (h) Indemnities On 2 February 2004, AIB Capital Markets plc, a wholly-owned subsidiary, extended the terms of an indemnity previously given to certain former directors, officers and employees of Govett Investment Management Ltd. (“Govett”) - now “AIB Investment Management Limited” - to Mr. Michael Buckley, the former Group Chief Executive, and Mr. Colm Doherty, the former Group Managing Director; Mr. Buckley is a former director of a split capital trust managed by Govett, and Mr. Doherty is a former director of Govett. The aggregate liability of AIB Capital Markets plc under the aforementioned indemnity is € 10 million. The purpose of the indemnity is to protect the indemnified parties (or any of them) against any civil liability, loss and defence costs which they (or any of them) may suffer by reason of any claim made against them relating to certain split capital or highly leveraged trusts previously managed by Govett and which previously would have been covered by insurance. Prior to July 2003, the Group’s professional indemnity and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance provided cover in respect of the eventualities mentioned in the previous paragraph. However, on renewal of that insurance on 1 July 2003, and in line with a general change introduced by the insurance industry, exclusions were imposed that removed that cover. By virtue of the terms of the above mentioned indemnity, the indemnified parties now stand in the position they would have been in if those exclusions had not been imposed, except that the aggregate limit of liability under the indemnity is € 10 million rather than the higher amount previously provided by the insurance. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has indemnified the Directors of Allied Irish Banks Pensions Limited and AIB DC Pensions (Ireland) Limited, the trustees of the Group’s Republic of Ireland defined benefit pension scheme and defined contribution pension scheme, respectively, against any actions, claims or demands arising out of their actions as Directors of the trustee companies, other than by reason of wilful default. 395 Notes to the accounts 65 Commitments Capital expenditure Estimated outstanding commitments for capital expenditure not provided for in the financial statements Capital expenditure authorised but not yet contracted for 2011 € m 11 40 Group 2010 € m 20 7 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 11 39 20 6 Operating lease rentals The total of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are set out in the following table. One year One to two years Two to three years Three to four years Four to five years Over five years Total 2011 € m 80 69 65 64 62 557 897 Group 2010 € m Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 2010 € m 2011 € m 73 69 58 54 53 546 853(1) 69 62 59 59 52 173 474 70 65 57 54 53 170 469 Following a programme of sale and leaseback transactions, the Group now holds a number of significant operating lease arrangements in respect of branches and the headquarter locations. AIB Group leases the Bankcentre campus in Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 under three separate lease arrangements and also has a leasehold interest in the ‘AIB International Centre’ located in Dublin’s International Financial Services Centre (“IFSC”). The minimum lease terms remaining on the most significant leases vary from 1 years to 19 years. The average lease length outstanding until a break clause in the lease arrangements is approximately 11 years with the final contractual remaining terms ranging from 5 years to 36 years. There are no contingent rents payable and all lease payments are at market rates. The total of future minimum sublease payments expected to be received under non-cancellable subleases at the reporting date were € 6 million (2010: € 6 million). For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. this was € 2 million (2010: € 2 million). Operating lease payments recognised as an expense for the year were € 67 million (2010: € 73 million). Sublease income amounted to € 1 million (2010: € 2 million). For Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. operating lease payments recognised were € 60 million (2010: € 68 million). Sublease income for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. amounted to Nil (2010: € 1 million). Included in the lease payments for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is € 42 million (2010: € 48 million) paid to other Group subsidiaries. Future minimum lease payments due to subsidiaries of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. amount to € 229 million excluding VAT (2010: € 280 million excluding VAT) and are included in the total of € 474 million in 2011 (2010: € 469 million). For details of the sale and leaseback arrangements see note 14. 396 66 Employees The average number of employees by market segment for 2011 is set out below (excluding employees on career breaks, long term absences or any other unpaid leaves). For the purposes of this analysis, Group is made up of a number of centralised functions, such as Transformation, Transition & Group Services, Finance & Treasury, Risk and Group Internal Audit. In addition, Group also includes staff engaged in the Non-Core segment. Staff transferred as part of the Anglo deposit business are included in the various market segments and Group as is appropriate. The average number of employees for 2010 and 2009 are reported on the divisional structure basis that was in place during these years. Given the internal reorganisation in 2011, which resulted in significant resources being moved to Group, the new customer segmentation and additional staff arising from the acquisition of the Anglo deposit business, it is not possible to directly compare the old divisional structure average employees for 2010 and 2009 with the average employees for the market segments in 2011. Average employee numbers for discontinued operations and EBS reflect the fact that these were an element of the Group only for part of 2011 and are, accordingly, time apportioned. Continuing operations PBB CICB(1) AIB UK EBS Group Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Total 2011 6,017 1,752 2,282 288 3,943 14,282 2,434 16,716 Continuing operations AIB Bank ROI Capital Markets(2) AIB Bank UK Central & Eastern Europe(3) Group(4) Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Years ended 31 December 2009 2010 6,850 2,177 2,342 N/A 2,886 7,284 2,424 2,507 9,596 2,870 14,255 24,681 9,631 23,886 N/A 24,681 (1)AIB’s investment in Goodbody Holdings Limited was derecognised at 31 December 2010, therefore are not included in 2011. (2)In 2010, Treasury segment employees of BZWBK were no longer included in Capital Markets (2009: 109). (3)The Central and Eastern Europe division ceased in 2010, following the classification of BZWBK and BACB as discontinued operations during the year. (4)In 2010, the Group segment included employees in AmCredit and assignees based in BZWBK and BACB, which had previously been included within the Central and Eastern Europe division. (5)BZWBK includes all staff in BZWBK and its subsidiaries, excluding assignees from AIB. 67 Regulatory compliance From 31 December 2010 to 24 January 2011, AIB Group and Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. benefited from derogations from certain regulatory capital requirements granted on a temporary basis by the Central Bank of Ireland (see also Financial Review – 4. Capital Management). From 19 November 2010 to 29 July 2011, the funding situation of the Group deteriorated such that it breached the rules governing the liquidity ratios for the 0 - 8 day and 9 day - 1 month time buckets. The breach was remedied following receipt of capital from the Government on 29 July 2011. No further breaches of Group ratios have occurred since that date. From 2 August to 8 August 2011, EBS Limited was in breach of its liquidity ratios. This was pre-advised to the Central Bank and was resolved following the re-allocation of intergroup funds. During 2011, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has been in breach of the 25% limit for ECB repo funding. AIB Mortgage Bank was in breach until April 2011.These breaches were due to the difficult funding environment and the Central Bank was advised as appropriate. EBS Mortgage Finance (“EBS MF”) breached the 25% single counterparty large exposures limit during December 2011. The excess was corrected in January 2012 and EBS MF is no longer in breach. 397  Notes to the accounts 68 Financial and other information Operating ratios Operating expenses/operating income(1)(2) Other income/operating income(1)(2) Rates of exchange € /US$ Closing Average € /Stg£ Closing Average € /PLN Closing Average 2011 2010 2009 120.5% 5.4% 73.6% 17.7% 43.7% 17.5% 1.2939 1.3924 0.8353 0.8682 4.4580 4.1188 1.3362 1.3259 0.8608 0.8578 3.9750 3.9943 1.4406 1.3947 0.8881 0.8908 4.1045 4.3269 (1)Excludes gain on redemption of subordinated liabilities (note 7) and the loss on transfer of financial instruments to NAMA (note 8). (2)Relates to continuing operations only. Currency information Euro Other 2011 € m 106,468 30,183 Assets 2010 € m 94,328 50,894 Liabilities and equity 2010 2011 € m € m 107,443 29,208 104,297 40,925 136,651 145,222 136,651 145,222 398 69 Average balance sheets and interest rates The following table shows interest rates prevailing at 31 December 2011 together with average prevailing interest rates, gross yields, spreads and margins for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. Interest rates Ireland AIB Group’s prime lending rate European inter-bank offered rate One month euro Three month euro United Kingdom AIB Group’s base rate London inter-bank offered rate One month sterling Three month sterling Poland One month zloty United States Prime rate Gross yields, spreads and margins(1)(2) Gross yield(3) Group Domestic Foreign Interest rate spread(4) Group Domestic Foreign Net interest margin(5) Group Domestic Foreign Average interest earning assets Group Domestic Foreign As at 31 December 2011 % 1.63 1.08 0.97 0.50 0.77 1.08 4.77 3.25 Average interest rates for Years ended 31 December 2009 % 2010 % 1.38 0.81 1.02 0.50 0.65 0.80 3.52 3.25 3.16 2.85 3.09 1.12 0.64 1.79 1.48 0.45 0.72 0.65 0.50 0.63 3.48 3.25 3.60 3.20 3.40 1.73 1.17 2.00 2011 % 1.69 1.18 1.12 0.50 0.65 0.88 4.36 3.25 3.22 3.16 2.97 0.66 0.49 1.25 1.03% 0.73% 2.17% 1.31% 0.69% 2.19% 1.84% 1.35% 1.95% 2011 € m 131,038 103,539 27,499 2010 € m 141,093 107,626 33,467 2009 € m 156,439 120,762 35,677 (1)The gross yields, spreads and margins presented in this table are extracted from the average balance sheets and interest rates on the following pages and this breakdown into domestic and foreign has been compiled on the basis of location of office. The gross yields, spreads and margins are presented on a continuing operations basis. (2)The average balance sheet is presented on a continuing operations basis. Comparative figures have also been re-presented on this basis. (3)Gross yield represents the average interest rate earned on interest earning assets. (4)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average interest rate earned on interest earning assets and the average interest rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. (5)Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest earning assets. Net interest margin is presented on a continuing operations basis only. 399 Notes to the accounts 69 Average balance sheets and interest rates (continued) The following tables show the average balances and interest rates of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009. The calculation of average balances include daily and monthly averages for reporting units. The average balances used are considered to be representative of the operations of the Group. The average balance sheet is presented on a continuing operations basis. Comparative figures have also been re-presented on this basis. Assets Trading portfolio financial assets Domestic offices Foreign offices Loans and receivables to banks Domestic offices Foreign offices Loans and receivables to customers(1) Domestic offices Foreign offices NAMA senior bonds Domestic offices Financial investments available for sale Domestic offices Foreign offices Average interest earning assets Domestic offices Foreign offices Net interest on swaps Average balance € m 28 24 2,712 5,123 Year ended 31 December 2011 Interest Average Average balance € m rate % € m Year ended 31 December 2010 Interest Average rate % €m Year ended 31 December 2009 Interest Average rate % € m Average balance € m 1 1 33 36 2.5 4.4 1.2 0.7 3.5 3.4 54 13 4,453 3,550 1 1 32 19 80,899 2,415 27,535 919 1.9 3.8 0.7 0.5 3.0 3.3 163 6 5,382 3,308 2 1 68 15 90,347 29,790 2,973 1,084 68,015 20,555 2,380 697 17,980 348 1.9 2,230 29 1.3 - - 14,804 1,797 508 84 103,539 27,499 3,270 818 137 3.4 4.7 3.2 3.0 19,990 2,369 590 96 107,626 3,067 33,467 1,035 369 2.9 4.1 2.8 3.1 24,870 2,573 796 120 120,762 35,677 3,839 1,220 541 1.2 16.7 1.3 0.5 3.3 3.6 - 3.2 4.7 3.2 3.4 Total average interest earning assets 131,038 4,225 3.2 141,093 4,471 3.2 156,439 5,600 3.6 Non-interest earning assets 6,723 8,352 11,519 Total average assets 137,761 4,225 3.1 149,445 4,471 3.0 167,958 5,600 3.3 Percentage of assets applicable to foreign activities 21.2 24.8 24.4 (1)Includes loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA as at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010 400 Average balance € m 2011 Interest Average rate % € m 2010 Interest Average rate % € m Average balance € m 2009 Interest Average rate % € m Average balance € m 69 Average balance sheets and interest rates (continued) Liabilities & shareholders’ equity Due to central banks and banks Domestic offices Foreign offices Due to customers Domestic offices Foreign offices Other debt issued Domestic offices Foreign offices Subordinated liabilities Domestic offices Foreign offices 42,121 870 593 7 40,421 11,173 1,296 200 15,342 296 597 14 1.4 0.8 3.2 1.8 3.9 4.8 35,402 1,722 43,827 17,719 21,533 3,700 1,810 295 172 (4) 9.5 (1.4) 4,284 127 368 7 924 251 650 45 382 - 1.0 0.4 2.1 1.4 3.0 1.2 8.9 - 2.2 1.3 2.0 34,379 3,791 49,254 17,887 21,610 9,654 3,783 844 437 22 929 289 589 187 248 27 109,026 32,176 2,203 525 141,202 2,728 1.3 0.6 1.9 1.6 2.7 1.9 6.6 3.2 2.0 1.6 1.9 Average interest earning liabilities Domestic offices Foreign offices 99,694 12,634 2,658 217 2.7 105,046 23,268 1.7 2,324 303 Total average interest earning liabilities 112,328 2,875 2.6 128,314 2,627 Non-interest earning liabilities Total average liabilities Shareholders’ equity Total average liabilities and 15,248 127,576 10,185 2,875 14,428 2.3 142,742 6,703 2,627 1.8 18,233 159,435 8,523 2,728 1.9 shareholders’ equity 137,761 2,875 2.1 149,445 2,627 1.8 167,958 2,728 1.6 Percentage of liabilities applicable to foreign operations 12.6 18.9 23.2 401 Notes to the accounts 69 Average balance sheets and interest rates (continued) The following table allocates changes in net interest income between volume and rate for the year ended 31 December 2011 compared with the year ended 31 December 2010 and the year ended 31 December 2010 compared with the year ended 31 December 2009. Volume and rate variances have been calculated based on the movements in average balances over the year and changes in interest rates on average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities respectively. Changes due to a combination of volume and rate are allocated ratably to volume and rate. December 2011 over December 2010 December 2010 over December 2009 Increase/(decrease) due to changes in Average Volume € m Average Rate € m Net Change € m Average Volume € m Average Rate € m Net Change € m Interest earning assets Trading portfolio financial assets Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Loans and receivables to banks Domestic offices ................................. Foreign offices ..................................... Loans and receivables to customers(1) Domestic offices ................................... Foreign offices ...................................... NAMA senior bonds............................ Domestic offices ............................ Financial investments available for sale Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices .................................... Total interest income .................................. Interest bearing liabilities Due to banks ............................................ Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Due to customers Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Other debt issued Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Subordinated liabilities Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Total interest expense ............................ Net interest income Domestic offices .................................. Foreign offices...................................... Net interest income (interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities)........ - - (6) 8 (291) (240) 205 (172) (21) (517) 67 - (71) (98) (202) (42) (221) - (567) 163 (113) .... 50 - - 7 9 256 18 114 90 9 503 158 - 443 47 149 11 11 (4) 815 (294) (18) - - 1 17 (35) (222) 319 (82) (12) (14) 225 - 372 (51) (53) (31) (210) (4) 248 (131) (131) (1) - (12) 1 (311) (82) - - (24) 3 (247) (83) (1) - (36) 4 (558) (165) 29 - 29 (156) (10) (542) 13 (12) (82) (3) (2) (115) 33 (23) (191) (413) 62 (50) (14) (415) (82) (3) 77 (35) 63 (27) 101 (4) 90 (480) (25) (206) (24) (957) (69) (15) (5) (38) 61 (142) 134 (27) (101) (893) 37 (312) (262) (351) (505) (856) Net interest on swaps Net interest income (232) (494) (172) (1,028) (1)Includes loans and receivables held for sale to NAMA at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2010. 402 70 Non-adjusting events after the reporting period The following are the significant non-adjusting events that have taken place since 31 December 2011: Voluntary Severance Programme On 8 March 2012, AIB announced that it was commencing a consultation process with the IBOA (staff union) on a voluntary severance programme. The objective of this voluntary programme is to reduce the staff cost base by approximately € 170 million in a full year. This equates to a reduction of approximately 2,500 overall staff numbers. It is expected that around half of those departures will be finalised in 2012. 71 Dividends No final dividend will be paid in respect of the year ended 31 December 2011. 403 Notes to the accounts 72 Additional information in relation to discontinued operations The following tables show geographic information for the years ended 31 December 2011, 2010 and 2009 for the discontinued operations. BZWBK was classified as a discontinued operation in 2010. The sale of BZWBK was agreed on 10 September 2010 subject to regulatory approval, and completed on 1 April 2011. Operations by geographic segments - Poland(1)(2) Net interest income Other income Non-current assets(3) 2011 € m 126 100 - 2010 € m 443 403 665 2009 € m 361 392 N/A (1)The revenue information above is based on the location of the office recording the transaction. (2)Detailed income statement for discontinued operations is given in note 18. (3)Non-current assets comprise intangible assets and goodwill, property, plant and equipment included within ‘disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale’. On classification as discontinued operations, there is no restatement of prior periods for assets and liabilities. Trading portfolio financial assets Debt securities: Government securities Equity securities Of which listed: Debt securities Equity securities 2010 € m 434 12 446 2010 € m 434 12 446 The following table shows the notional principal amounts and the fair values of derivative financial instruments analysed by product and purpose as at 31 December 2010. Derivative financial instruments Derivatives held for trading Interest rate derivatives - over the counter (OTC) Interest rate swaps Cross-currency interest rate swaps Forward rate agreements Interest rate contracts total Foreign exchange derivatives (OTC) Foreign exchange contracts Currency options bought & sold Foreign exchange derivatives total Total trading contracts Derivatives designated as fair value hedges Interest rate swaps Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges Interest rate swaps Total hedging contracts Notional principal amount € m 4,955 920 3,082 8,957 2,282 322 2,604 11,561 236 175 411 2010 Fair values Assets € m Liabilities € m 60 9 1 70 29 10 39 109 - 4 4 (37) (39) - (76) (25) (10) (35) (111) (3) (1) (4) Total derivative financial instruments 11,972 113 (115) 404 72 Additional information in relation to discontinued operations (continued) Loans and receivables to banks Funds placed with other banks Loans and receivables to customers Loans and receivables to customers Amounts receivable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts Unquoted securities Provisions for impairment of loans and receivables (note 32) 2010 € m 132 132 2010 € m 7,933 611 30 (344) 8,230(1) (1)The unwind of the discount on impaired loans amounted to € 28 million and was included in the carrying value of loans and receivables to customers. The following table gives, at the 31 December 2010, the carrying value (fair value) of financial investments available for sale by major classifications together with the unrealised gains and losses. Fair value € m Unrealised gross gains € m Unrealised gross losses € m Net unrealised gains/(losses) € m Tax effect € m Financial investments available for sale Debt securities Euro government securities Non Euro government securities U.S. Treasury & U.S. Government agencies Euro bank securities Total debt securities Equity securities Total financial investments available for sale 70 1,626 5 19 1,720 172 1,892 2 10 - 1 13 129 142 - (4) - - (4) (1) (5) 2 6 - 1 9 128 137 Debt securities analysed by remaining contractual maturity Due within one year After one year, but within five years After five years, but within ten years After ten years Financial investments available for sale Of which listed: Debt securities Equity securities Of which unlisted: Debt securities Equity securities 2010 Net after tax € m 1 5 - 1 7 (1) (1) - - (2) (24) 104 (26) 111 2010 € m 376 950 394 - 1,720 2010 € m 1,720 5 - 167 1,892 405 Notes to the accounts 72 Additional information in relation to discontinued operations (continued) Analysis of movements in financial investments held to maturity - debt securities Reclassified from continuing operations to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Maturities Purchases Exchange translation adjustments Amortisation of discount At 31 December Deposits by central banks and banks Securities sold under agreements to repurchase Other borrowings from banks Government securities amounting to € 409 million have been pledged under agreements to repurchase. Customer accounts Current accounts Time deposits Contingent liabilities and commitments For total of contingent liabilities and commitments relating to discontinued operations, refer to note 54. Operating lease rentals The total of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are set out below: One year One to two years Two to three years Three to four years Four to five years Over five years Total 2010 € m 1,586 (238) - 63 - 1,411 2010 € m 409 141 550 2010 € m 4,661 5,835 10,496 2010 € m 37 34 29 26 23 77 226 The total of future minimum sublease payments expected to be received under non-cancellable subleases at the reporting date were Nil. Operating lease payments recognised as an expense for the period were € 36 million. 406 73 Investments in Group undertakings Equity At 1 January Additions(1) Liquidations(1) Reclassification to disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Impairments(2) Total Subordinated debt At 1 January Exchange Total Of which: Credit institutions Other Total – all unquoted 2011 € m 1,897 3,637 (7) (35) (3,801) 1,691 660 10 670 2010 € m 1,669 898 (670) - - 1,897 642 18 660 2,361 2,557(3) 1,598 763 2,361 962 1,595 2,557 (1)In 2011, additions relate to investments (cash) in subsidiaries of € 2,660 million, non-cash investments of € 742 million in EBS and € 235 million in Anglo IOM. In 2010, this included internal reorganisations. (2)In addition, an impairment charge of € 12 million has been made for AIB Investment Managers Limited which is classified as held for sale (note 26). (3)A subordinated loan to a subsidiary amounting to € 360 million has been reclassed from loans and receivables to banks. The investments in Group undertakings are included in the financial statements on an historical cost basis. Letters of financial support Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has provided letters of financial support to the Board of Directors of the following subsidiaries: AIB Mortgage Bank; EBS Limited; AIB Group (UK) plc; and AIB Holdings (NI) Limited. Impairment losses recognised in Group undertakings At 31 December 2011, the carrying amount of the investments in subsidiary undertakings of the parent company, Allied Irish Banks p.l.c., was reviewed for impairment in accordance with IAS 36, ‘Impairment of assets’. This impairment review was carried out for the purpose of the parent’s separate financial statements where the accounting policy is to carry investments in subsidiaries at cost less provisions for impairment. During 2011, there was a requirement for the parent company to inject additional capital into the subsidiaries arising from further losses which had been incurred resulting in the investment being lower than the net asset value of the subsidiaries. This necessitated an impairment review as there were indications that impairment losses may have occurred. In respect of each of the subsidiaries set out below, an impairment loss was calculated by comparing its carrying value to the recoverable amount based on value-in-use calculations. Each subsidiary was determined to be a cash generating unit. In determining value-in-use, the expected pre-tax cash flows are discounted at an appropriate risk adjusted interest rate, both of which require the exercise of judgement. The discounted cash flows model calculates the present value of estimated future earnings attributable to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. as the shareholder. The estimation of pre-tax cash flows is sensitive to the periods for which forecasts are available and to assumptions as to long term growth rates. The key assumptions used for determining value-in-use for each subsidiary are as follows: AIB Mortgage Bank The recoverable amount of the investment in AIB Mortgage Bank has been determined using cash flow projections based on financial plans approved by management and covering a three year period up to 31 December 2014 with a terminal growth rate of 2% applied into perpetuity. The forecast cash flows have been discounted at a rate of 12%. Based on these assumptions, the carrying value of the investment exceeds the recoverable amount by € 994 million, resulting in the recognition of an impairment loss. The results of this valuation are sensitive to changes in the growth and discount rates. Increasing the discount rate to 13% and reducing the growth rate into perpetuity from 2014 to 1% would increase the impairment loss to € 1,162 million. If the discount rate was reduced to 11% and the growth rate increased to 3% from 2014, the impairment loss would reduce to € 738 million. 407 Notes to the accounts 73 Investments in Group undertakings (continued) Impairment losses recognised in Group undertakings (continued) AIB Holdings (N.I.) Limited The net asset value of AIB Holdings (N.I.) Limited is negative following the impairment of its investment in AIB Group UK p.l.c. Accordingly, the investment by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. in AIB Holdings (N.I) Limited has been written down to Nil arising from the negative asset value in this subsidiary. AIB UK Loan Management Limited The carrying value of the investment in AIB UK Loan Management Limited has been written down to Nil as it is expected that the business will be wound up by December 2013, with no residual value. This subsidiary received a capital injection of Stg£ 580 million in December 2011 which is available to cover forecasted losses in winding up the business. EBS Limited (“EBS”) 100% of the share capital of EBS was acquired for a consideration of € 1 on 1 July 2011. The transaction was accounted for under the carrying value basis resulting in a capital contribution of € 742 million (notes 24 and 50). This Day 1 capital contribution was recorded as an investment in the subsidiary in the books of Allied Irish Banks p.l.c.. An impairment review of EBS has been carried out at 31 December 2011. The recoverable amount of the investment has been determined using cash flow projections based on financial plans approved by management and covering a three year period up to 31 December 2014 with a terminal growth rate of 2% applied into perpetuity. The forecast cash flows have been discounted at a rate of 12%. Based on these assumptions, the carrying value of the investment has been written down to Nil. The results of this valuation are sensitive to increases in the growth and decreases in the discount rate. If the discount rate was reduced to 11% and the growth rate increased to 3% from 2014, the impairment loss would reduce by € 109 million. Principal subsidiary undertakings incorporated in the Republic of Ireland AIB Mortgage Bank* EBS Limited* *Group interest is held directly by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Nature of business Mortgage lending Mortgages and savings The above subsidiary undertakings are incorporated in the Republic of Ireland and are wholly-owned unless otherwise stated. The issued share capital of each undertaking is denominated in ordinary shares. All regulated banking entities are subject to regulations which require them to maintain capital ratios at agreed levels and so govern the availability of funds available for distribution. AIB Mortgage Bank AIB Mortgage Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Its principal purpose is to issue mortgage covered securities for the purpose of financing loans secured on residential property in accordance with the Asset Covered Securities Acts, 2001 and 2007. On 13 February 2006, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. transferred to AIB Mortgage Bank its Irish branch originated residential mortgage business, amounting to € 13.6 billion in mortgage loans. In March 2006 AIB Mortgage Bank launched a € 15 billion Mortgage Covered Securities Programme. The Programme was subsequently increased in 2009 to € 20 billion. On 25 February 2011, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. transferred substantially all of its mortgage intermediary originated Irish residential loans, related security and related business of approximately € 4.2 billion to AIB Mortgage Bank. The transfer was effected pursuant to the statutory transfer mechanism provided for in the Asset Covered Securities Acts. Under an Outsourcing and Agency Agreement dated 8 February 2006, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., as Service Agent for the AIB Mortgage Bank, originates residential mortgage loans through its retail branch network and intermediary channels in the Republic of Ireland, services the mortgage loans and provides treasury services in connection with financing, as well as a range of other support services. 408 73 Investments in Group undertakings (continued) Principal subsidiary undertakings incorporated in the Republic of Ireland (continued) As at 31 December 2011, the total amount of principal outstanding in respect of mortgage covered securities issued was € 12.4 billion (2010: € 14.7 billion) of which € 2.8 billion was held by debt investors, € 3.2 billion by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and € 6.4 billion was self issued to AIB Mortgage Bank. The bonds issued to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. and to AIB Mortgage Bank were held by the Central Bank of Ireland under sale and repurchase agreements at 31 December 2011. At the same date, the total amount of principal outstanding in the cover assets pool including mortgage loans and cash was € 19.1 billion (2010: € 18.9 billion). EBS Limited (“EBS”) EBS, which is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. on 1 July 2011. Prior to becoming part of AIB Group, EBS had traded as a building society for over 75 years. In May 2010, EBS was recapitalised by the Minister for Finance in an amount of € 875 million, and, in March 2011, the Minister announced that EBS Building Society was to be merged with AIB Group to form one of the two ‘pillar banks’ in Ireland. Accordingly, on 1 July 2011, EBS Building Society underwent a demutualisation pursuant to an acquisition conversion scheme under the Building Societies Act 1989 (as amended), the effect of which was that the building society became a limited company and obtained a banking licence. The special investment shares that had been invested in EBS Building Society by the Irish Government converted into € 625 million of ordinary shares held by the Minister for Finance, who transferred the entire issued share capital (€ 625 million ordinary shares) in EBS to AIB on 1 July 2011. Under and in accordance with the Building Societies Act 1989 (as amended), on the conversion of EBS Building Society to EBS Limited, the business, property, rights and liabilities of EBS Building Society vested in EBS Limited. AIB operates EBS as a standalone, separately branded subsidiary of AIB with its own branch network. EBS will continue to operate as a mortgage and savings business. EBS Group had consolidated total assets of € 19 billion as at 31 December 2011, EBS has a countrywide network of 90 outlets, comprising 14 branches, 41 tied branch agencies and 35 tied agencies in Ireland. EBS also has a direct telephone based distribution division, EBS Direct. EBS offers residential mortgages and savings products, together with life and property insurance on an agency basis. It had a 7 per cent. share of new mortgage lending in the overall market in 2011 and an 11 per cent. share of outstanding retail mortgage balances. At 31 December 2011, the Tier 1 and total capital ratios for EBS were 10.51 per cent. and 11.76 per cent., respectively. In December 2007, EBS established Haven Mortgages Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary focused on mortgage distribution through the intermediary market which, prior to 2005, had not been part of its target market. Haven is authorised by the Central Bank of Ireland as a retail credit firm under Part V of the Central Bank Act 1997 (as amended). Haven has its own board of directors and the autonomy to grow and establish its business around the needs of its customer (the intermediary). Haven offers a full range of prime mortgages. In December 2008, EBS established EBS Mortgage Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary which is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. EBS Mortgage Finance is a designated mortgage credit institution for the purposes of the Asset Covered Securities Act 2001 (as amended) and also holds a banking licence. Its purpose is to issue Mortgage Covered Securities for the financing of loans secured on residential property in accordance with the Asset Covered Securities legislation. Such loans may be made directly by EBS Mortgage Finance or may be purchased from EBS and other members of the EBS Group or third parties. On 1 December 2008, 1 June 2009, 1 May 2010 and 1 November 2011, EBS transferred to EBS Mortgage Finance certain Irish residential loans and related security held by it and certain of its Irish residential loan business related to such loans and security. The aggregate book value of the Irish residential loans transferred was approximately € 3.41 billion in respect of the transfer on 1 December 2008; € 1.74 billion in respect of the transfer on 1 June 2009; € 803 million in respect of the transfer on 1 May 2010; and € 2.49 billion in respect of the transfer on 1 November 2011. As at 31 December 2011, the total amount of principal outstanding in the covered assets pool, including mortgage loans and cash was € 6.78 billion (2010: € 3.9 billion). In December 2008, EBS Mortgage Finance launched a € 6 billion Mortgage Covered Securities Programme. As at 31 December 2011, the total amount of principal outstanding in respect of the mortgage covered securities issued was € 3.6 billion (2010: € 2.35 billion) of which € 1.05 billion was held by debt investors. The remaining € 2.55 billion was issued to EBS. 409 Notes to the accounts 73 Investments in Group undertakings (continued) Principal subsidiary undertaking incorporated outside the Republic of Ireland AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. trading as First Trust Bank in Northern Ireland trading as Allied Irish Bank (GB) in Great Britain Registered office: 4 Queen’s Square, Belfast, BT1 3DJ Nature of business Banking and financial services The above subsidiary undertaking is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. The registered office is located in the principal country of operation. The issued share capital is denominated in ordinary shares. In presenting details of the principal subsidiary undertakings, the exemption permitted by the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Accounts) Regulations, 1992, has been availed of and, in accordance with the regulations, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. will annex a full listing of subsidiary undertakings to its annual return to the Companies Registration Office. Guarantees given to subsidiaries by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Each of the companies listed below, and consolidated into these accounts, has availed of the exemption from filing its individual accounts as set out in Section 17 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1986. In accordance with the Act, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. has irrevocably guaranteed the liabilities of these subsidiaries. AIB Asset Management Holdings (Ireland) Limited AIB Alternative Investment Services Limited AIB Capital Management Holdings Limited AIB Capital Markets plc AIB Corporate Banking Limited AIB Corporate Finance Limited AIB Finance Limited AIB Fund Management Limited AIB International Finance AIB International Leasing Limited AIB Investment Company AIB Investment Managers Limited AIB Leasing Limited AIB Limited AIB Services Limited AIB Venture Capital Limited Allied Combined Trust Limited Allied Irish Banks (Holdings & Investments) Limited Allied Irish Capital Management Limited Allied Irish Finance Limited Allied Irish Leasing Limited Allied Irish Nominees Limited Blogram Limited Commdec Limited Eyke Limited First Venture Fund Limited General Estates and Trust Company Limited Jonent Downs Limited Percy Nominees Limited Sanditon Limited Skobar Skodell Skonac Skopek Skovale The Hire Purchase Company of Ireland Limited Traprop Limited 410 73 Investments in Group undertakings (continued) Other subsidiary undertakings - Special purpose entities controlled by the Group On 17 January 2011 Causeway Securities p.l.c. notes, on 21 February 2011 Clogher Securities Limited notes and on 6 April 2011 Wicklow Gap Limited notes were redeemed in full. This had no material financial effect on the Group. These entities are described in more detail below. Causeway Securities p.l.c. In November 2008, AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. securitised Stg£ 2,222 million of UK originated residential mortgages to Causeway Securities p.l.c., a special purpose entity. Notes of Stg£ 2,222 million were issued by Causeway Securities p.l.c. to AIB Group (UK) p.l.c. to fund the purchase of beneficial interest in the residential mortgages. The securitisation structure supported the funding activities of the Group. Clogher Securities Limited In April 2009, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. securitised € 2,345 million of Republic of Ireland originated residential mortgages to Clogher Securities Limited, a special purpose entity. Notes of € 2,345 million were issued by Clogher Securities Limited to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. to fund the purchase of beneficial interest in the residential mortgages. The securitisation structure supported the funding activities of the Group. Wicklow Gap Limited In November 2009, Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. securitised € 2,182 million of euro denominated corporate loan obligations and working capital to Wicklow Gap Limited, a special purpose entity. Notes of € 2,204 million were issued by Wicklow Gap Limited to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. to fund the purchase of these loan obligations, their accrued interest and an amount of future anticipated drawdowns and certain transaction fees. The securitisation structure supported the funding activities of the Group. Whilst the loans/mortgages securitised were not derecognised for Group reporting purposes, the investment in all three special purpose entities above were eliminated on consolidation. In the case of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c., the investment in both Clogher Securities Limited and Wicklow Gap Limited were eliminated, whilst the loans/mortgages continued to be recognised. Acquisition of subsidiary Included in the Group’s consolidated loans and receivables to customers is € 3,899 million of loans held through securitisation vehicles Emerald No.4, Emerald No.5 and Mespil 1 RMBS Limited. These were acquired by AIB as part of the acquisition of EBS Limited. Emerald Mortgages No.4 plc The total carrying amount of the original residential property transferred by EBS Limited to Emerald Mortgages No.4 plc (‘Emerald 4’) as part of the securitisation amounts to € 1,500 million. The amount of transferred secured loans that the Group has recognised at 31 December 2011 is € 915 million. The carrying amount of the bonds issued by Emerald 4 to third party investors amounts to € 892 million. The carrying amount of the loan note in EBS issued to Emerald 4 amounts to € 917 million and is included within customer accounts (note 41) Emerald Mortgages No.5 The total carrying amount of original residential property transferred by EBS Limited to Emerald Mortgages No.5 (‘Emerald 5’) as part of securitisation amounts to € 2,500 million. The amount of transferred secured loans that the Group has recognised at 31 December 2011 is € 2,003 million. Bonds were issued by Emerald 5 to EBS but these are not shown as these bonds are eliminated on consolidation. Mespil 1 RMBS Limited (‘Mespil’) The amount of secured loans that the Group has recognised as at 31 December 2011 is € 981 million in relation to the transfers from EBS Limited and Haven Mortgages Limited. The bonds issued by Mespil to EBS are not shown as these bonds are eliminated on consolidation. 411 Notes to the accounts 74 Additional parent company information Content Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity - contingent liabilities and commitments Derivative financial instruments held for sale to NAMA Fair value of financial instruments Page 413 415 416 416 417 412 74 Additional parent company information The following table analyses the carrying amounts of the financial assets and liabilities by category as defined in IAS 39 and by statement of financial position headings. Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in the course of collection Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments(2) Loans and receivables to banks(3) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Other financial assets At fair value through profit and loss At fair value through equity At amortised cost Held for trading € m Fair value hedge derivatives € m Cashflow hedge derivatives € m Available for sale securities € m Loans and receivables € m Other Total € m € m 2011 - - - 56 1,985 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 254 786 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13,336 - 527 100 1,129 - - 36,028 42,074 19,509 - - 540(1) - - - - - - - - 600 1,067 100 1,129 56 3,025 36,028 42,074 19,509 13,336 600 2,041 254 786 13,336 99,367 1,140 116,924 Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks(5) Customer accounts(6) Derivative financial instruments(7) Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities - - 2,374 - - - - - 656 - - - - - 1,031 - - - 2,374 656 1,031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46,150 46,774 - 9,902 1,209 240 46,150 46,774 4,061 9,902 1,209 240 104,275 108,336 413 Notes to the accounts 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) At fair value through profit and loss At fair value through equity At amortised cost Held for trading € m Fair value hedge derivatives € m Cashflow hedge derivatives € m Available for sale securities € m Loans and receivables € m Other Total € m € m 2010 545(1) - 2 - - - - - - 467 1,014 73,605 49,489 - 12,611 4,193 230 2,007 134 578 33 3,534 45,601 63,496 7,869 19,319 467 143,038 73,605 49,489 3,399 12,611 4,193 230 140,128 143,527 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in the course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Trading portfolio financial assets - - 1 33 - - - - - - - - Derivative financial instruments(2) 1,994 264 1,276 Loans and receivables to banks(3) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Other financial assets - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19,319 - 1,462 134 575 - - 45,601 63,496 7,869 - - 2,028 264 1,276 19,319 119,137 Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks(5) Customer accounts(6) Derivative financial instruments(7) Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities - - 2,251 - - - 2,251 - - 472 - - - 472 - - 676 - - - 676 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (1)Comprises cash on hand. (2)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of € 356 million (2010: € 470 million). (3)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of € 33,441 million (2010: € 43,433 million). (4)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of € 11,868 million (2010: € 15,203 million). (5)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of €13,475 million (2010: € 26,504 million). (6)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of € 6,864 million (2010: € 7,993 million). (7)Includes exposure to subsidiary undertakings of € 448 million (2010: € 494 million). 414 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Net assets of disposal groups Trading portfolio financial assets(1) Derivative financial instruments(2) Loans and receivables to banks(3) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale(1) Other financial assets Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments(2) Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Financial assets held for sale to NAMA(4)(5) Trading portfolio financial assets(1) Derivative financial instruments(2) Loans and receivables to banks(3) Loans and receivables to customers(4) NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale(1) Other financial assets Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments(2) Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Other financial liabilities Repayable on demand € m 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less 5 years or less but over 1 year € m but over 3 months € m 2011 Total Over 5 years € m € m 5 - - 15,607 19,410 - - 2 35,024 - 6,136 21,801 - - 240 26 8 96 7,804 5,439 19,509 1,018 598 34,498 405 33,344 14,096 2,091 - - 212 - 179 2,515 5,074 - 989 - 8,969 272 2,477 5,791 2,638 7 - 671 35 1,167 9,824 9,978 - 5,633 - 215 11 1,583 282 12,460 - 5,492 - 1,129 54 3,025 36,032 52,361 19,509 13,132 600 27,308 20,043 125,842 1,017 4,141 4,601 5,173 1,177 - 2,367 52 485 - 4,061 46,150 46,774 9,902 25 - 1,209 240 28,177 49,936 11,185 16,109 2,929 108,336 Repayable on demand € m 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m 1 year or less but over 3 months € m 5 years or less but over 1 year € m 2010 Total Over 5 years € m € m 328 - - 25,685 12,049 - - 2 38,064 - 6,557 19,106 18 - 70 84 2 192 5,605 10,085 7,869 1,624 465 25,926 256 56,774 17,046 523 - 160 119 9 262 1,437 7,122 - 2,600 - 146 9 1,524 12,476 16,283 - 7,791 - 36 11 1,556 402 23,871 - 7,067 - 713 31 3,534 45,605 69,410 7,869 19,082 467 11,549 38,229 32,943 146,711 199 2,174 4,746 2,094 - - 1,282 5,878 4,601 9,976 322 - 1,662 2,222 3,990 - 3,871 - 3,399 73,605 49,489 12,611 4,193 230 25,751 74,759 9,213 22,059 11,745 143,527 (1)Excluding equity shares. (2)Shown by maturity date of contract. (3)Shown gross of provisions for impairment of € 4 million (2010: € 4 million). (4)Shown gross of provisions for impairment of € 10,197 million (2010: € 5,787 million) and unearned income of € 90 million (2010: € 127 million). (5)Accrued interest receivable not included, derivative financial assets included. The balances shown above for Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. include exposures to subsidiary undertakings. 415 Notes to the accounts 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity - contingent liabilities and commitments The undiscounted cash flows potentially payable under guarantees and similar contracts, included below within contingent liabilities, are classified on the basis of the earliest date they can be called. The Company is only called upon to satisfy a guarantee when the guaranteed party fails to meet its obligations. The Company expects most guarantees it provides to expire unused. The Company have given commitments to provide funds to customers under undrawn facilities. The undiscounted cash flows have been classified on the basis of the earliest date that the facility can be drawn. The Company does not expect all facilities to be drawn, and some may lapse before drawdown. The 2010 maturity band comparatives have been amended to be consistent with the current year. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Contingent liabilities(1) Commitments Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Contingent liabilities(1) Commitments Payable on 3 months or less demand but not repayable on demand € m - - € m 1,575 8,269 1 year or less 5 years or less but over 1 year € m - - but over 3 months € m - - 9,844 - - - Payable on demand € m 3,338 11,330 14,668 3 months or less but not repayable on demand € m - - 1 year or less but over 3 months € m - - 5 years or less but over 1 year € m - - - - - Over 5 years € m - - - Over 5 years € m - - - 2011 Total € m 1,575 8,269 9,844 2010 Total € m 3,338 11,330 14,668 (1)Included in exposure to Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. are amounts relating to Group subsidiaries of € 50 million (2010: € 87 million). Derivative financial instruments held for sale to NAMA The following table shows the notional principal amounts and the fair values of derivative financial instruments held for sale to NAMA as at 31 December 2010. This was Nil at 31 December 2011. Allied irish Banks, p.l.c. Interest rate derivatives - over the counter (OTC) Interest rate swaps Total Notional principal amount € m 2010 Fair values Assets Liabilities € m € m 50 50 1 1 - - 416 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Fair value of financial instruments The term ‘financial instruments’ includes both financial assets and financial liabilities. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. The accounting policy for the determination of fair value of financial instruments is set out in accounting policy number 16. Readers of these financial statements are advised to use caution when using the data in the following table to evaluate the Company’s financial position of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. or to make comparisons with other institutions. Fair value information is not provided for items that do not meet the definition of a financial instrument. These items include intangible assets such as the value of the branch network and the long-term relationships with depositors, premises and equipment and shareholders’ equity. These items are material and accordingly, the fair value information presented does not purport to represent, nor should it be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company as a going concern at 31 December 2011. The valuation of financial instruments, including loans and receivables, involves the application of judgement and estimation. Market and credit risks are key assumptions in the estimation of the fair value of loans and receivables. During the year, AIB has observed adverse changes in the credit quality of its borrowers, with increasing delinquencies and defaults across a range of sectors. The volatility in financial markets and the illiquidity that is evident in these markets has reduced the demand for many financial instruments and this creates a difficulty in estimating the fair value for loans to customers. AIB has estimated the fair value of its loans to customers taking into account market risk and the changes in credit quality of its borrowers. Financial assets Cash and balances at central banks Items in course of collection Financial assets held for sale to NAMA Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Loans and receivables to banks Loans and receivables to customers NAMA senior bonds Financial investments available for sale Fair value hedged asset positions Financial liabilities Deposits by central banks and banks Customer accounts Derivative financial instruments Debt securities in issue Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Fair value hedged liability positions 31 December 2011 Fair value € m Carrying amount € m 31 December 2010 Fa ir value € m Carrying amount € m Notes(1) a a b,c d b b e f g b h i i b j j h 1,067 100 - 1,128 56 3,025 36,028 42,074 19,509 13,336 13 46,150 46,774 4,061 9,902 1,209 128 1,067 100 - 944 56 3,025 36,081 38,427 19,711 13,336 - 46,161 47,096 4,061 8,801 1,120 - 2,007 134 578 - 33 3,534 45,601 63,496 7,869 19,319 5 73,605 49,489 3,399 12,611 4,193 115 2,007 134 285 - 33 3,534 45,651 58,622 7,834 19,319 - 73,703 49,647 3,399 10,815 1,163 - (1)For a description of the fair value methodologies please refer to note 57. Commitments pertaining to credit-related instruments Details of the various credit-related commitments and other off-balance sheet financial guarantees entered into by Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. are included in note 54. Fees for these instruments may be billed in advance or in arrears on an annual, quarterly or monthly basis. In addition, the fees charged vary on the basis of instrument type and associated credit risk. As a result, it is not considered practicable to estimate the fair value of these instruments because each customer relationship would have to be separately evaluated. 417 Notes to the accounts 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Fair value hierarchy The following tables set out, by financial instrument measured at fair value, the valuation methodologies(1) adopted in the financial state- ments as at 31 December 2011 and as at 31 December 2010. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Financial assets Derivative financial instruments held for sale to NAMA Trading portfolio financial assets Derivative financial instruments Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments (1)Valuation methodologies in the fair value hierarchy: (a) quoted market prices (unadjusted) - Level 1; (b) valuation techniques which use observable market data - Level 2; and (c) valuation techniques which use unobservable market data - Level 3. Level 1 € m 50 - 11,881 48 11,979 - - Level 2 € m Level 3 € m 6 3,025 1,239 10 4,280 3,952 3,952 - - 12 146 158 109 109 Level 1 € m Level 2 € m Level 3 € m - 23 - 16,966 28 17,017 1 1 1 10 3,534 2,104 14 5,663 3,276 3,276 - - - 12 195 207 122 122 2011 Total € m 56 3,025 13,132 204 16,417 4,061 4,061 2010 Total € m 1 33 3,534 19,082 237 22,887 3,399 3,399 418 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Transfer into Level 1 from Level 2 Transfer into Level 2 from Level 1 Financial assets Trading portfolio € m - - Debt securities € m 61 178 2011 Total € m 61 178 Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occurred due to increased availability of reliable quoted market prices which were not previously available. Reconciliation of balances in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: Financial assets AFS Total Derivatives Total 2011 Financial liabilities Trading Derivatives portfolio Debt securities Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € m At 1 January 2011....................................- ....................- ....................12 Transfers out of Level 3 ..........................- ................- ......................- Total gains or losses in: € m € m - profit or loss ....................................- ................- ......................- - other comprehensive income ............- ....................- ......................- Net NAMA subordinated bonds additions............................................- ....................- ......................- Additions ................................................- ................- ..................- Sales ......................................................................................................- Settlements ..............................................- ....................- ......................- At 31 December 2011 ............................- ....................- ....................12 ( Equity securities € m 195 - (106) 51 11 18 (23) - 146 € m 207 - (106) 51 11 18 (23) - 158 € m 122 (4) 71 3 - - - (83) 109 Transfers out of Level 3 occurred because of increased observability in the market prices of these instruments. Losses included in profit or loss for the year in the previous tables are presented in the income statement and are recognised as: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Net trading loss Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total € m 122 (4) 71 3 - - - (83) 109 2011 € m (71) (106) (177) Losses for the year included in the income statement relating to financial assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Net trading income Provisions for impairment of financial investments available for sale Total 2011 € m (50) (106) (156) 419 Notes to the accounts 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Transfer into Level 1 from Level 2 Transfer into Level 2 from Level 1 Financial assets Debt securities € m 4,929 231 2010 Total € m 4,929 240 Trading portfolio € m - 9 Transfers into Level 1 from Level 2 occurred due to increased availability of reliable quoted market prices which were not previously available . Reconciliation of balances in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: Financial assets 2010 Financial liabilities Derivatives AFS Total Derivatives Total Trading portfolio Debt securities Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. € m At 1 January 2010....................................- ....................- ..............2,806 Transfers into Level 3 ..............................- ....................- ......................- ................- ..............(2,794) Transfers out of Level 3 ..........................- Total gains or losses in: € m € m - profit or loss ....................................- ................- ......................5 - other comprehensive income ............- ....................- ......................- NAMA senior bonds/ subordinated bonds............................- ....................- ..............7,864(1) Purchases ................................................- ....................- ......................- Reclassification between catergories ........- ....................- ..............(7,869) Settlements ..............................................- ....................- ......................- At 31 December 2010 ............................- ....................- ....................12 Equity securities € m 36 - (8) (3) (52) 220 2 - - 195 € m 2,842 - (2,802) 2 (52) 8,084 2 (7,869) - 207 € m - 127 (2) 50 - - - - (53) 122 € m - 127 (2) 50 - - - - (53) 122 (1)At 31 December 2010, NAMA senior bonds were reclassified to loans and receivables. These bonds were reclassified because of the nature of the bonds and the fact that AIB has the ability and intention to hold them to maturity. Transfers into Level 3 occurred because the market prices for these instruments became unobservable. Transfers out of Level 3 occurred because of increased observability in the market prices of these instruments. Losses included in profit or loss for the year in the previous tables are presented in the income statement and are recognised as: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Net trading income Other Total 2010 € m (42) (6) (48) Losses for the year included in the income statement relating to financial assets and liabilities held at the end of the reporting period: Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Net trading income Other Total 420 2010 € m (8) (4) (12) 74 Additional parent company information (continued) Fair value of financial instruments (continued) Sensitivity of Level 3 measurements The implementation of valuation techniques involves a considerable degree of judgement. While the Company believes its estimates of fair value are appropriate, the use of different measurements or assumptions could lead to different fair values. The following table sets out the impact of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions, including the impact of changing credit spread assumptions for debt securities. Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Classes of financial assets Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Total Classes of financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Total Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Classes of financial assets Financial investments available for sale - debt securities - equity securities Total Classes of financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments Total Level 3 2011 Effect on income statement Favourable Unfavourable € m € m Effect on other comprehensive income Favourable Unfavourable € m € m - - - 58 58 - - - (58) (58) - 233 233 - - - (54) (54) - - 2010 Level 3 Effect on income statement Favourable Unfavourable € m € m Effect on other comprehensive income Unfavourable € m Favourable € m - - - 28 28 - - - (28) (28) - 165 165 - - - (106) (106) - - Day 1 gain or loss: No difference existed between the fair value at initial recognition of financial instruments and the amount that was determined at that date using a valuation technique incorporating significant unobservable data. 421 Notes to the accounts 75 Approval of accounts The accounts were approved by the Board of Directors on 29 March 2012. 422  Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in relation to the Accounts The following statement, which should be read in conjunction with the statement of Auditors’ responsibilities set out within their Audit Report, is made with a view to distinguishing for shareholders the respective responsibilities of the Directors and of the Auditor in relation to the accounts. The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Financial Report and the Group and Company accounts in accordance with applicable law and regulations. The Companies Acts require the Directors to prepare Group and Company accounts for each financial year. Under the Acts, the Directors are required to prepare the Group accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”). The Directors have elected to prepare the Company accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU and as applied in accordance with the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009. The Directors have also elected to prepare the Group and Company accounts in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The accounts are required by law and IFRSs to present fairly the financial position and performance of the Group and Company; the Companies Acts provide in relation to such accounts that references to accounts giving a true and fair view are references to their achieving a fair presentation. In preparing each of the Group and Company accounts, the Directors are required to: - select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; - make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and - prepare the accounts on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and Company will continue in business. The Directors consider that, in preparing the accounts which have been prepared on a going concern basis, the Company has, following discussions with the Auditor, used appropriate accounting policies consistently applied and supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates and that all accounting standards, which, following discussions with the Auditor, they consider applicable, have been followed (subject to any explanations and any material departures disclosed in the notes to the accounts). The Directors are responsible for taking all reasonable steps to secure that the Company causes to be kept proper books of account that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that its accounts comply with the Companies Acts. They also have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Group and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities. Under applicable law, the Directors are also responsible for preparing a Directors’ Report and reports relating to Directors’ remuneration and corporate governance that comply with that law and those rules. The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company’s website. Legislation in Ireland governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. The Directors, having prepared the accounts, have requested the Auditor to take whatever steps and undertake whatever inspections they consider to be appropriate for the purpose of enabling them to give their Audit Report. Responsibility statement in accordance with the Transparency Regulations Each of the directors, whose names are set out on pages 201 and 202 of the Annual Report, confirms, that, to the best of their knowledge: - the Group and Company accounts, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position of the Company and of the Group as a whole and the loss of the Group as a whole for the year ended 31 December 2011; and - the Directors’ Report and the Financial Review and Risk Management sections, contained in the Annual Financial Report include a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group as a whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties faced by the Group. On behalf of the Board David Hodgkinson Chairman David Duffy Chief Executive Officer 423 Independent Auditor’s Report Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. We have audited the consolidated and company financial statements of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. for the year ended 31 December 2011 (‘the financial statements’) which comprise the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated and company statements of financial position, the consolidated and company statements of cash flows, the consolidated and company statements of changes in equity and the related notes. These financial statements have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein. This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 193 of the Companies Act 1990 and in respect of the separate opinion in relation to International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”), on terms that have been agreed. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and, in respect of the separate opinion in relation to IFRSs as issued by the IASB, those matters that we have agreed to state to them in our report, and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors The Directors’ responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU are set out in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities on page 423. Our responsibility is to audit the financial statements in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial statements give a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU and, in the case of the Company applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009, and have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. We also report our opinion as to whether the financial statements comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB. We also report to you whether in our opinion: proper books of account have been kept by the Company; at the reporting date, there exists a financial situation requiring the convening of an extraordinary general meeting of the Company; and the information given in the Report of the Directors is consistent with the financial statements. In addition, we state whether we have obtained all the information and explanations necessary for the purposes of our audit, and whether the parent Company’s statement of financial position is in agreement with the books of account. We also report to you if, in our opinion, any information specified by law or the Listing Rules of the Irish Stock Exchange regarding directors’ remuneration and directors’ transactions is not disclosed and, where practicable, include such information in our report. We are required by law to report to you our opinion as to whether the description of the main features of the internal control and risk management systems in relation to the process for preparing the consolidated financial statements, set out in the annual Corporate Governance statement is consistent with the consolidated financial statements. We are not required to consider whether the Board’s statements on internal control cover all risks and controls, or form an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s corporate governance procedures or its risk and control procedures. We read other information contained in the Annual Report and consider whether it is consistent with the audited financial statements. The other information comprises the Report of the Directors, the Executive Chairman’s Statement and the Financial Review. We consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the financial statements. Our responsibilities do not extend to any other information. Basis of audit opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. It also includes an assessment of the significant estimates and judgements made by the directors in the preparation of the financial statements, and of whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and Company’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed. We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and explanations which we considered necessary in order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the financial statements. 424 Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) Opinion In our opinion: - the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU, of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2011 and of its loss for the year then ended; - the company financial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009, of the state of the company’s affairs as at 31 December 2011; and - the consolidated and company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Acts 1963 to 2009 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs As explained in accounting policy 2, the Group and the Company, in addition to complying with their legal obligation to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU, has also complied with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). In our opinion the Group and the Company financial statements comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB. Other Matters We have obtained all the information and explanations which we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit. In our opinion proper books of account have been kept by the company. The company’s statement of financial position is in agreement with the books of account. In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report and the description in the annual Corporate Governance statement of the main features of the internal control and risk management systems in relation to the process for preparing the consolidated financial statements is consistent with the consolidated financial statements. The net assets of the company, as stated in the company statement of financial position, are more than half of the amount of its called-up share capital and, in our opinion, on that basis there did not exist at 31 December 2011 a financial situation which under Section 40 (1) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1983 would require the convening of an extraordinary general meeting of the company. N Marshall For and on behalf of KPMG Chartered Accountants, Statutory Audit Firm 1 Harbourmaster Place International Financial Services Centre Dublin 1 Ireland 29 March 2012 425  Additional information Schedule to Report of the Directors Memorandum and Articles of association Reporting currency and exchange rates Offer and listing details Taxation Exchange controls Employees Description of property Other shareholder information Page 427 430 437 438 441 444 445 446 446 426  Additional information Schedule to Report of the Directors Information required to be contained in the Directors’ Annual Report by the European Communities (Takeover Bids (Directive 2004/25/EC)) Regulations 2006 As required by these Regulations, the information contained below represents the position as of 31 December 2011. Capital Structure The authorised share capital of the Company is €11,092,752,297 divided into 702,000,000,000 Ordinary Shares of €0.01 each (‘Ordinary Shares’), 3,500,000,000 2009 Non-Cumulative Preference Shares of €0.01 each (‘2009 Preference Shares’) and 403,775,229,679 Deferred Shares of €0.01 each (‘Deferred Shares’). The issued share capital of the company is 513,528,806,391 Ordinary Shares and 3,500,000,000 2009 Preference Shares. For so long as the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) holds 2009 Preference Shares, subject to certain exceptions, the consent of the Minster will be required for the passing of certain share capital resolutions of the Company, being resolutions relating to: (i) an increase in the authorised share capital; (ii) a re-issue of Treasury Shares; (iii) the issue of any shares; or (iv) the redemption, consolidation, conversion or sub-division of the share capital. The exceptions referred to above include any issue of shares made for the purposes of redeeming or purchasing the 2009 Preference Shares. Rights and Obligations of Each Class of Share The Rights and Obligations of the Ordinary Shares and the 2009 Preference Shares are contained in a summary of the Memorandum and Articles of Association on pages 430 to 436. Percentage of Total Share Capital Represented by Each Class of Share The Ordinary Shares represent approximately 63% of the authorised share capital and approximately 99.3% of the issued share capital of the Company. The 2009 Preference Shares represent approximately 0.3% of the authorised share capital and approximately 0.7% of the issued share capital of the Company. Restrictions on the Transfer of Shares Save as set out below there are no limitations in Irish law on the holding of the Ordinary Shares and there is no requirement to obtain the approval of the Company, or of other holders of the Ordinary Shares, for a transfer of Ordinary Shares. (a) The Ordinary Shares are, in general, freely transferable but the Directors may decline to register a transfer of Ordinary Shares upon notice to the transferee, within two months after the lodgement of a transfer with the Company, in the following cases: (i) a lien held by the Company; (ii) in the case of a purported transfer to an infant or a person lawfully declared to be incapable for the time being of dealing with their affairs; or (iii) in the case of a single transfer of shares which is in favour of more than four persons jointly. - Ordinary Shares held in certificated form are transferable upon production to the Company’s Registrars of the Original Share - certificate and the usual form of stock transfer duly executed by the holder of the shares. Shares held in uncertificated form are transferable in accordance with the rules or conditions imposed by the operator of the relevant system which enables title to the Ordinary Shares to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument and in accordance with the Companies Act 1990 (Uncertificated Securities) Regulations 1996. - The rights attaching to Ordinary Shares remain with the transferor until the name of the transferee has been entered on the Register of Members of the Company. (b) 2009 Preference Shares are freely transferable provided that the minimum number of 2009 Preference Shares transferred to any one person is not less than 50,000. 427 Additional information Exercise of Rights of Shares in Employees’ Share Schemes The AIB Approved Employees’ Profit Sharing Scheme 1998 and the Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Share Ownership Plan (UK) provide that voting rights in respect of shares held in trust for employees who are participants in those schemes are, on a poll, to be exercised only in accordance with any directions in writing by the employees concerned to the Trustees of the relevant scheme. Deadlines for exercising Voting Rights Voting rights at general meetings of the Company are exercised when the chairman puts the resolution at issue to the vote of the meeting. A vote decided under show of hands is taken forthwith. A vote taken on a poll for the election of the Chairman or on a question of adjournment is also taken forthwith and a poll on any other question is taken either immediately, or at such time (not being more than thirty days from the date of the meeting at which the poll was demanded or directed) as the chairman of the meeting directs. Where a person is appointed to vote for a shareholder as proxy, the instrument of appointment must be received by the Company not less than forty-eight hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the appointed proxy proposes to vote, or, in the case of a poll, not less than forty-eight hours before the time appointed for taking the poll. Rules Concerning Amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association As provided in the Companies Acts, the Company may, by special resolution, alter or add to its Articles of Association. A resolution is a special resolution when it has been passed by not less than three-fourths of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote and voting in person or by proxy, at a general meeting at which not less than twenty-one clear days’ notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution, has been duly given. A resolution may also be proposed and passed as a special resolution at a meeting of which less than twenty-one clear days’ notice has been given if it is so agreed by a majority in number of the members having the right to attend and vote at any such meeting, being a majority together holding not less than ninety per cent in nominal value of the shares giving that right. Rules Concerning the Appointment and Replacement of Directors of the Company - Other than in the case of a casual vacancy, Directors are appointed on a resolution of the shareholders at a general meeting, usually the Annual General Meeting. - No person, other than a Director retiring at a general meeting is eligible for appointment as a Director without a recommendation by the Directors for that person’s appointment unless, not less than forty-two days before the date of the general meeting, written notice by a shareholder, duly qualified to be present and vote at the meeting, of the intention to propose the person for appointment and notice in writing signed by the person to be proposed of willingness to act, if so appointed, shall have been given to the Company. - A shareholder may not propose himself or herself for appointment as a Director. - The Directors have power to fill a casual vacancy or to appoint an additional Director (within the maximum number of Directors fixed by the Company in general meeting) and any Director so appointed holds office only until the conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting following his appointment, when the Director concerned shall retire, but shall be eligible for reappointment at that meeting. - One third of the Directors for the time being (or if their number is not three or a multiple of three, not less than one third), are obliged to retire from office at each Annual General Meeting on the basis of the Directors who have been longest in office since their last appointment. While not obliged to do so, the Directors have, in recent years, adopted the practice of all (wishing to continue in office) offering themselves for re-election at the Annual General Meeting. - A person is disqualified from being a Director, and their office as a Director ipso facto vacated, in any of the following circumstances: if at any time the person has been adjudged bankrupt or has made any arrangement or composition with his or her creditors generally; if found to be mentally disordered in accordance with law; if the person be prohibited or restricted by law from being a Director; if, without prior leave of the Directors, he or she be absent from meetings of the Directors for six successive months (without an alternate attending) and the Directors resolve that his or her office be vacated on that account; if, unless the Directors or a court otherwise determine, he or she be convicted of an indictable offence; except in the case of a Government Appointee, if he or she be requested, by resolution of the Directors, to resign his or her office as Director on foot of a unanimous resolution (excluding the vote of the director concerned) passed at a specially convened - - - - - - 428 Rules Concerning the Appointment and Replacement of Directors of the Company (continued) meeting at which every Director is present (or represented by an alternate) and of which not less than seven days’ written notice of the intention to move the resolution and specifying the grounds therefore has been given to the Director; - except in the case of a Government Appointee, if he or she has reached an age specified by the Directors as being that at which that person may not be appointed a Director or, being already a Director, is required to relinquish office and a Director who - - reaches the specified age continues in office until the last day of the year in which he or she reaches that age; or in the case of a Government Appointee, if removed from office by the Government Preference Shareholder pursuant to the Articles of Association. In addition, the office of Director is vacated, subject to any right of appointment or reappointment under the Articles, if: - - - - not being a Director holding for a fixed term an executive office in his or her capacity as a Director, he or she resigns their office by a written notice given to the Company; or being the holder of an executive office other than for a fixed term, the Director ceases to hold such executive office on retirement or otherwise; or the Director tenders his or her resignation to the Directors and the Directors resolved to accept it; or he or she ceases to be a Director pursuant to any provision of the Articles. - Notwithstanding anything in the Articles of Association or in any agreement between the Company and a Director, the Company may, by Ordinary Resolution of which extended notice has been given in accordance with the Companies Acts, remove any - Director before the expiry of his or her period of office. See note 56 regarding the power of the Minister for Finance to nominate such number of non executive directors equal to either (a) 25 per cent of the Directors when the total number of Directors is 15 or less or (b) 4 Directors where the total number of Directors is 16, 17 or 18. The Powers of the Directors Including in Relation to the Issuing or Buying Back by the Company of its Shares Under the Articles of Association, the business of the Company is to be managed by the Directors who may exercise all the powers of the Company subject to the provisions of the Companies Acts, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company and to any directions given by special resolution of a general meeting. The Articles of Association further provide that the Directors may make such arrangement as may be thought fit for the management, organisation and administration of the Company’s affairs including the appointment of such executive and administrative offices, managers and other agents as they consider appropriate and delegate to such persons (with such powers as sub-delegation as the Directors shall deem fit) such functions, powers and duties as to the Directors may seem requisite or expedient. Pursuant to resolution of the shareholders, in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Acts, the Directors are unconditionally authorised until 26 July 2016 to exercise all the powers of the Company to allot relevant securities up to the aggregate nominal amount of € 6,892,692,445. By such authority, the Directors may make offers or agreements which would, or might, require the allotment of such securities after 26 July 2016. Any treasury shares for the time being held by the Company may, by decision of the Directors, be re-issued off market. Where treasury shares are re-issued for the purposes of the AIB Approved Employees’ Profit Sharing Scheme 1998, the Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. Share Ownership Plan (UK), the AIB Group Share Option Scheme or the AIB Group Performance Share Plan 2005, the minimum price at which a treasury share may be re-issued is the issue price as provided for in such a scheme. In all other circumstances the minimum price shall be 95% of the Appropriate Price. The “Appropriate Price” is the average of the closing quotation prices of the Ordinary Shares for the five business days immediately preceding the day on which the treasury share is re-issued, as published in the Irish Stock Exchange Daily Official List (or any successor publication thereto or any equivalent publication for securities admitted to trading on the Enterprise Securities Market). For any business day on which there is no dealing on the Ordinary Shares on that Exchange, the minimum price will be the price equal to (i) the mid-point between the high and low market guide prices and for the Ordinary Shares as published in the Irish Stock Exchange Daily Official List (or any successor publication thereto or any equivalent publication for securities admitted to trading on the Enterprise Securities Market); or (ii) if there is only one such market guide price so published, the price so published. The maximum price at which a treasury share may be re-issued off-market is 120% of the Appropriate Price. 429 Additional information Memorandum & Articles of Association A summary of the Memorandum & Articles of Association of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is set out below. Objects and Registration Details Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. (“AIB”) is a public limited company that was incorporated as a limited company in 1966 and was subsequently re-registered as a public limited company in 1985. Objects and purposes are set out in its Memorandum of Association. The principal objects of AIB are to carry on the business of banking in all or any of its branches and departments and to undertake all manner of financial services. Directors Any Director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement with AIB must declare his/her interest at a meeting of the Directors at which the question of entering into such contract/arrangement first arises, if his interest then exists, or in any other case at the first meeting of the Directors after he becomes so interested. The Articles of Association also require that a Director may not vote in respect of any such contract or arrangement or any other proposal whatsoever in which he has a material interest. Nothing in the Articles of Association will restrict a Government Appointee from participating fully in any meeting of the Directors or voting on any matter unless the Government Appointee has an interest in the matter which concerns him personally (for example, the fact that he or she was appointed by the Government Shareholder, the fact that a Government Preference Shareholder or a Government Body may have an interest in the matter or the fact that the matter relates to a matter that requires the consent of the Government Preference Shareholder shall not be regarded as giving rise to such an interest). Interests in shares or debentures or other securities of, or otherwise in or through, AIB are disregarded for the purpose. This prohibition on voting is disapplied in respect of resolutions concerning the following matters (amongst others): - where a Director is to be given security or indemnified in respect of money lent or obligations incurred by him for the - - - - benefit of AIB or any of its subsidiaries; the giving of security or indemnifying a third party in respect of a debt or obligation of AIB or any of its subsidiaries for which he himself has assumed responsibility in whole or in part under a guarantee or indemnity or by the giving of security; any proposal concerning an offer of shares, debentures or securities of or by AIB or any of its subsidiaries in which a Director is interested as an underwriter or sub-underwriter; regarding any proposal concerning any other company in which a Director is interested, directly or indirectly, provided that he does not hold or is not beneficially interested in 1% or more of any class of the equity share capital of that company (or of any third company through which his interest is derived) or of the voting rights available to members of the relevant company (any such interest being deemed for the purposes of this Article to be a material interest in all circumstances); any proposal concerning the adoption, modification or operation of any superannuation fund or retirement benefits plan under which he might benefit and which has been approved by or is subject to and conditional upon approval by the Revenue Commissioners; and relating to any other arrangement for the benefit of employees of AIB or any of its subsidiaries under which a Director benefits or stands to benefit in a similar manner as the employees concerned and which does not accord to any Director as such any privilege or advantage not generally accorded to the employees to whom the arrangement relates. The remuneration of the Directors is determined from time to time by AIB in General Meeting. Any Director while holding the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman is entitled to such additional remuneration as may be determined from time to time by the Directors. Remuneration granted may be by way of fees, salary, commission, participation in profits, or all or any of such modes, or by such other mode as AIB may from time to time consider appropriate. All remuneration fixed or granted accrues from day to day. Any Director who serves on any Committee or devotes special attention to the business of the Company or who otherwise performs services which in the opinion of the Directors are outside the scope of the ordinary duties of a Director may be paid such extra remuneration by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise as the Directors may determine. A Director holding an executive office shall receive such remuneration, whether in addition to or in substitution for his ordinary remuneration as a Director and whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise or partly in one way and partly in another, as the Directors may determine. - The Directors may exercise all the borrowing powers of AIB and the power to give mortgages and charges over its assets and to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debts or liabilities of AIB or any third party. Under the Articles, retirement of Directors, other than Government Appointees, is by rotation at each Annual General Meeting and one-third of the Directors for the time being, or, if their number is not three or a multiple of three, then not less than one-third shall retire from office at each Annual General Meeting. 430 Rights and Restrictions Attaching to Shares The authorised share capital of AIB is € 11,092,752,297 divided into 702,000,000,000 Ordinary Shares, 3,500,000,000 2009 Preference Shares and 403,775,229,679 Deferred Shares. Subject to the Companies Acts and to any special rights of existing shares, any share in the Company may be issued with such preferred, deferred or other special rights or restrictions and unless otherwise determined by the Directors in relation to any particular preference shares prior to allotment, preference shares may be issued on the terms and in such manner as the Company may by Special Resolution determine. Rights and Obligations of Ordinary Shares The following rights attach to the Ordinary Shares: - The right to receive duly declared dividends, in cash or, where offered by the Directors, by allotment of additional Ordinary Shares. - The right to attend and speak, in person or by proxy, at general meetings of the Company. - The right to vote, in person or by proxy, at general meetings of the Company having, in a vote taken by show of hands, one vote, and, on a poll, a vote for each Ordinary Share held. - The right to appoint a proxy, in the required form, to attend and/or vote at general meetings of the Company. - The right to receive, (by post or electronically), twenty-one days at least before the Annual General Meeting, a copy of the Directors’ and Auditors’ reports accompanied by (a) copies of the balance sheet, profit and loss account and other documents required by the Companies Acts to be annexed to the balance sheet or (b) such summary financial statements as may be permitted by the Companies Acts. - The right to receive notice of general meetings of the Company. - In a winding-up of the Company, and subject to payments of amounts due to creditors and to holders of shares ranking in priority to the Ordinary Shares, repayment of the capital paid up on the Ordinary Shares and a proportionate part of any surplus from the realisation of the assets of the Company. There is attached to the Ordinary Shares an obligation for the holder, when served with a notice from the Directors requiring the holder to do so, to inform the Company in writing not more than 14 days after service of such notice, of the capacity in which the shareholder holds any share of the Company and if such shareholder holds any share other than as beneficial owner to furnish in writing, so far as it is within the shareholder’s knowledge, the name and address of the person on whose behalf the shareholder holds such share or, if the name or address of such person is not forthcoming, such particulars as will enable or assist in the identification of such person and the nature of the interest of such person in such share. Where the shareholder served with such notice (or any person named or identified by a shareholder on foot of such notice), fails to furnish the Company with the information required within the time specified, the shareholder shall not be entitled to attend meetings of the Company, nor to exercise the voting rights attached to such share, and, if the shareholder holds 0.25% or more of the issued Ordinary Shares, the Directors will be entitled to withhold payment of any dividend payable on such shares and the shareholder will not be entitled to transfer such shares except by sale through a Stock Exchange to a bona fide unconnected third party. Such sanctions will cease to apply after not more than seven days from the earlier of receipt by the Company of notice that the member has sold the shares to an unconnected third party or due compliance, to the satisfaction of the Company, with the notice served as provided for above. Rights and Obligations of 2009 Preference Shares The following rights attach to the 2009 Preference Shares: - The right to receive a non-cumulative cash dividend at a fixed rate of 8% of the subscription price per annum payable annually, at the discretion of the Directors, in arrears on each anniversary of the date of the issue of the shares. - The right to receive this dividend ranks pari passu with other shares constituting core tier 1 capital (excluding the Ordinary Shares); junior to certain other preferred securities; and in priority to the Ordinary Shares. (a) (b) (c) In the event that a dividend on 2009 Preference Shares is not paid in cash, the right to receive a bonus issue of Ordinary Shares - (‘Bonus Shares’) calculated by dividing the amount of the unpaid dividend by the average price of an Ordinary Share over the 30 trading days prior to the dividend payment date, subject to an adjustment in circumstances where the Bonus Shares are not issued on the dividend payment date. - Where the issue of Bonus Shares is deferred, the holders of 2009 Preference Shares are granted voting rights at general meetings of the Company equivalent to the voting rights that would have attached to the Bonus Shares if they had been issued on the 431  Additional information relevant dividend payment date (‘Provisional Voting Rights’), provided: (a) these shall not be exercisable against any Directors’ resolution for the issue of core tier 1 securities to redeem or purchase all or any of the 2009 Preference Shares; or (b) on any resolution on any action by the Company in relation to ‘Preferred Securities’as defined in the Memorandum a and Articles of Association. - The right to receive copies of the circulars to shareholders but not to attend, speak, vote at general meetings save while held by - - - a Government Body and then only in the following circumstances and the following manner: (a) on a resolution seeking approval for a change of control of the Company or a sale of all or substantially all of its business; and (b) on a resolution to appoint, re-elect or remove directors. Subject as provided below, on either of the foregoing resolutions (and while held by Government Body) the right to cast a number of votes equal to 25% of all votes capable of being cast by shareholders (including the 2009 Preference Shareholder) on a poll at a general meeting of the Company. If the NPRFC and Government Entities, through their holding of Ordinary Shares (or other securities issued in future), control 25% or more of the total voting rights, then the 2009 Preference Shares will carry no voting rights. If those entities, through their holding of Ordinary Shares (or other securities issued in future), control less than 25% of the total voting rights, then, in respect of resolutions to appoint, re-elect or remove directors and any resolution concerning a proposed change of control of AIB, the 2009 Preference Shares carry the right to “top-up” their total voting rights to 25% of the total voting rights, including the votes attaching to the 2009 Preference Shares. In a winding up of the Company or a return of capital by the Company (other than a redemption or purchase of shares) the right to receive a repayment of the capital (including premium) paid up, rank as follows: (a) (b) (c) pari passu with the repayment of the paid up nominal value on Ordinary Shares; in priority to the payment of any further amount on Ordinary Shares; and junior to the repayment of capital on all other classes of shares that rank ahead of the Ordinary Shares. - The right while held by a Government Body to appoint directly either (a) 25 per cent of the Directors where the total number of Directors is 15 or less or (b) 4 Directors where the total number of Directors is 16, 17 or 18 (in either case including any Directors nominated by the Minister pursuant to the Government Guarantee Schemes). Redemption of 2009 Preference Shares - will not be redeemable at the option of the holder. - may be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, at any time subject to the consent of Central Bank and that the redemption - - or purchase is made up of distributable profit and/or the proceeds of an issue of shares constituting core tier 1 capital. redemption price for the first five years shall be € 1.00 per 2009 Preference Share, being the original subscription price including premium of each 2009 Preference Share. Thereafter, the redemption price of each 2009 Preference Share will be € 1.25, including premium. shall be required to redeem all of the 2009 Preference Shares if there are less than 35,000,000 2009 Preference Shares in issue, subject to the Central Bank’s consent. - may redeem or purchase 2009 Preference Shares which are held by a Government Entity without being required to redeem or purchase any 2009 Preference Shares held by another person. on redemption or purchase of 2009 Preference Shares, the Company will be required to issue any outstanding Bonus Shares. - Rights and Obligations of the Deferred Shares The Deferred Shares have no voting or dividend rights. On a winding-up of the Company or other return of capital (other than a redemption or purchase of shares of any class in the capital of the Company), holders of Deferred Shares have the right to receive the nominal value of those shares only after the holders of Ordinary Shares have received payment of such amount as is paid up or credited as paid up in respect of those Ordinary Shares plus € 10 million per share. The Deferred Shares are not transferable, other than with the prior written consent of the Directors. The Company has, however, the right at any time, without the consent of the holder, to instruct the Company Secretary to acquire the Deferred Shares for nil consideration and the Company acquired and cancelled 395,759,506,824 Deferred Shares on 27 July 2011 resulting from the renominalisation of the ordinary share capital of the Company from € 0.32 each to € 0.01 each following the passing of a Special Resolution to this effect on 26 July 2011. Dividend Rights Under Irish law, and under the Articles, dividends are payable only out of income available for distribution. Holders of the shares of the Company are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company by Ordinary Resolution provided that the dividend cannot exceed the amount recommended by the Directors. Subject to any preferential or other special rights for the time being attached to any class of shares, the income to be distributed by 432 way of dividend are to be applied in payment of dividends upon the shares of the Company in proportion to the amounts paid up thereon otherwise than in advance of calls. The Company may pay such interim dividends as appear to the Directors to be justified by the income of the Company available for distribution. Under Article 46 the Company may by Ordinary Resolution convert any paid up shares into stock and re-convert any stock into paid-up shares of any denomination. Any dividend which has remained unclaimed for 12 years from the date of its declaration may be forfeited and cease to remain owing by the Company. Voting Rights Voting at any General Meeting is by a show of hands unless a poll is properly demanded. On a show of hands, every member who is present in person or by proxy has one vote regardless of the number of shares held by him. On a poll, every member who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for each share of which he is the holder. A poll may be demanded by the Chairman of the meeting or by at least five members having the right to vote at the meeting or by a member or members representing not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all the members having the right to vote at the meeting or by a member or members holding shares in the Company conferring a right to vote at the meeting, being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right. All business is deemed special that is transacted at an Extraordinary General Meeting. All business that is transacted at an Annual General Meeting is also deemed special with the exception of declaring a dividend, receiving the accounts, statements of financial position and reports of the Directors and Auditors, electing Directors in the place of those retiring, voting additional remuneration for the Directors, appointing Auditors and fixing of the remuneration of the Auditors. No business may be transacted at any General Meeting unless a quorum is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business. Ten members present in person and entitled to vote at such meeting constitutes a quorum. In the case of an Annual General Meeting or of a meeting for the passing of a Special Resolution or the appointment of a Director, twenty-one clear days’ notice at the least, and any other case fourteen clear days’ notice at the least, needs to be given in writing in manner provided for in the Articles to all the members (other than those who, under the provisions of the Articles or the conditions of issue of the shares held by them, are not entitled to receive the notice) and to the Auditors for the time being of the Company. Variation of Class Rights The rights, privileges, limitations or restrictions attached to the 2009 Preference Shares may be varied, altered or abrogated, either whilst the Company is a going concern or during or in contemplation of a winding up, with the written consent of the holders of not less than 662/3% in nominal value of such class of shares or with the sanction of a resolution passed at a class meeting of holders of such classes of shares provided that the holders of not less than 662/3% in nominal value of such class of shares vote in favour of such resolution. Article 7 provides that whenever the capital of the Company is divided into different classes of shares, the special rights attached to any class may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Acts 1963-2009 and subject as otherwise provided in the Articles be varied or abrogated, either whilst the Company is a going concern or during or in contemplation of a winding up, with the sanction of a Special Resolution passed at a Class Meeting of the holders of the shares of the class but not otherwise. Convening of General Meetings AIB must hold a General Meeting in each year as its Annual General Meeting in addition to any other meetings in that year and no more than fifteen months may elapse between the date of one Annual General Meeting and that of the next. The Annual General Meeting will be held at such time and place as the Directors determine. All General Meetings other than Annual General Meetings, are called Extraordinary General Meetings. The Directors may at any time call an Extraordinary General Meeting. Extraordinary General Meetings shall also be convened by the Directors on the requisition of members holding, at the date of the requisition, not less than one-tenth of the paid up capital carrying the right to vote at General Meetings and in default of the Directors within twenty one clear days, convening such a meeting to be held within two months, requisitions (or more then half of them) may but only within three months themselves convene a meeting. Disclosure of Share Ownership Article 13(b) provides that the Directors may by notice in writing sent to any member require such member to inform the Company in writing not more than 14 days after service of the notice of the capacity in which such member holds any share otherwise than as beneficial owner to furnish in writing, so far as it is within the member’s knowledge, the name and address of the person on whose behalf the member holds such share or, such particulars as will enable or assist in the identification of such person and the nature of 433 Additional information the interest of such person in such shares. Failure to respond to such notice within the prescribed period time will result in the member not being entitled to attend meetings of the Company not to exercise the voting rights attached to such share, and, if the member holds 0.25% or more of the issued Ordinary shares of the Company, the Directors are entitled to withhold payment of any dividend payable on such shares and the member shall not be entitled to transfer such shares except by sale through a Stock Exchange to a bona fide unconnected third party. Material Contracts The following are all the contracts (not being contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business) that have been entered into by members of the AIB Group: (i) within two years immediately preceding the date of this documents which are, or may be, material to the Group; or (ii) at any time and contain the date of this document: obligations or entitlements which are, or may be, material to the Group as at the date of this document: 1. The Credit Institutions (Eligible Liabilities Guarantee) Scheme 2009 and the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee Scheme Agreements. On 20 January 2010, the Company and its subsidiaries, AIB Group (UK) p.l.c., AIB Bank (CI) Limited and Allied Irish Banks North America Inc. each executed an Eligible Liabilities Guarantee Scheme Agreement and on 21 January 2010 were each issued with a Participating Institution Certificate under the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee Scheme. EBS and AIB International Savings Limited (formerly Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (International) plc and which is an Isle of Man company that was acquired by AIB in February 2011), both also hold a Participating Institution Certificate under the Eligible Liabilities Guarantee Scheme. 2. Arrangements in relation to The National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) (i) The Subscription Agreement (a) Pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreement between AIB, the Minster for Finance (the ‘Minister’) and the NPRFC dated 13 May 2009, AIB agreed to issue the 2009 Preference Shares and the 2009 Warrants to the NPRFC at an aggregate subscription price of € 3.5 billion. (b) AIB gave the NPRFC and the Minster certain warranties relating to the business and operation of the Group. These warranties are considered standard for this type of agreement and cover issues such as the Company’s issued share capital, accuracy and completeness of certain information, accuracy of audited financial statements, payment of taxes, possession of all material licences and absence of material litigation. (c) AIB provided various undertakings to the NPRFC and the Minster, including agreeing to commit to the Minster’s ‘Bank Customer Package’. This includes, inter alia, obligations on AIB to: A. increase lending capacity to small to medium-sized enterprises by 10 per cent. and provide an additional 30 per cent capacity for lending to first-time buyers during each quarter of the financial year compared to the corresponding quarter into each year commencing 1 January 2008; B. establish a € 100 million fund to support environmentally friendly investment and innovations in clean energy; C. comply with the Code of Conduct for Business Lending to Small and Medium Enterprises and the Code of Conduct for Mortgage Arrears published by the Central Bank; D. makes every effort to avoid repossessions and, in any case, not commence court proceedings for the repossession of a principal private residence within 12 months of arrears appearing, where the customer maintains contact and co-operates reasonably with AIB; E.fund and co-operate with an ‘Independent Review of Credit Availability’; and F. work closely with the IDA Ireland, Enterprise Ireland and with other Irish state agencies to ensure the supply of appropriate finance to contractors engaged on major projects sponsored by those agencies. AIB also agreed to submit a restructuring plan to the Minster, including an assessment of AIB’s business model’s viability and details of how AIB intends to repay the State aid provided. This restructuring plan, which was prepared by the Group, has now been submitted to the European Commission by the Government. In addition, AIB agreed to accept restrictions on the amount of remuneration Directors would receive. AIB also agreed that, on request from the NPRFC, it would undertake all necessary acts in order to facilitate the placing, offering to the public or admission to listing of the 2009 Preference Shares or any Ordinary Shares acquired as a result of the 2009 Warrants or the 2009 Preference Shares. Under the terms of the Subscription Agreement, AIB must consult with the Minister or his nominee prior to taking any material action which may be reasonable expected to have a public interest dimension. (d) On 13 May 2009, the NPRFC paid to AIB € 3.5 billion (less an arrangement fee of € 30 million paid by AIB to the (e) NPRFC) in respect of the issue to it of the 2009 Preference Shares and the 2009 Warrants. AIB undertook in the Subscription Agreement that application would be made in due course for the Warrant Shares and any Bonus Shares to be admitted to trading on a regulated market. 434 (f) In addition to agreeing to allow the Government Entities to make use of any public offer prospectus issued by the Company for the purposes of placing such Ordinary Shares with investors, the Company also undertook to co-operate in the preparation and issue of a public offer prospectus where this is required for the purposes of an offering to the public, a placing or listing of the 2009 Preference Shares or any Ordinary Shares acquired as a result of holding 2009 Preference Shares or 2009 Warrants (ii) 2010 Placing Agreement (a) Pursuant to the terms of the Placing Agreement between the Minister, the NPRFC, the National Treasury Management Agency (“NTMA”) and AIB, dated 23 December 2010, AIB agreed to issue 675,107,845 new Ordinary Shares to the NPRFC at an aggregate subscription price of € 3,818,438,297. (b) To the extent that the NPRFC subscription for these shares would result in it holding more than 49.9% of the Ordinary Shares in issue, CNV Shares were to be allotted to the NPRFC so that, following such allotment, the NPRFC did not acquire more than 49.9% of the Ordinary Shares then in issue. In April 2011, AIB converted into ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis the 10,489,899,564 CNV Shares issued to the NPRFC in connection with the 2010 Placing Agreement, following completion of the disposal of AIB’s interests in BZWBK. (c) The obligations of the Minister, the NPRFC and the NTMA were conditional on AIB having complied, and continuing to comply, with letters from the Minister dated 13 and 22 December 2010, stating that the provision of further state funding to AIB was conditional on the Board’s decision not to pay any bonuses to staff no matter when they may have been earned, since AIB could not be in a position to pay without state support, past, present and future save that nothing in the Agreement was to prevent AIB meeting its obligations on foot of a Court Order. (d) The cancellation of the 294,251,819 warrants over new Ordinary Shares held by the NPRFC in return for the payment to it by AIB of approximately € 52 million; (e) AIB gave the Minister, the NPRFC and the NTMA certain warranties relating to the business and operation of the Group. These warranties are considered standard for this kind of agreement and cover issues such as the Company’s issued share capital, accuracy and completeness of certain information, accuracy of audited financial statements, payment of taxes, possession of all material licenses, absence of material litigation and absence of breach of material change of control provisions. (f) AIB entered into various covenants with the Minister, the NPRFC, the NTMA, the National Asset Management Agency or any other state entity to use all reasonable efforts to comply, and procure compliance by the Group, with various commitments including: A. Meeting a lending target of € 3 billion per annum for new or increased credit facilities to SMEs in each of the two twelve B. month periods commencing on 1 January 2011 and 2012. Providing € 20 million for seed capital to Enterprise Ireland supported ventures and € 100 million for environmental, clean energy and innovation projects (in addition to the commitments under the Subscription Agreement). C. Working with Enterprise Ireland and the Irish Bankers Federation to develop sectoral expertise in the modern growth sectors of the economy, and with Enterprise Ireland to develop a range of banking services to meet the needs of Irish SMEs trading internationally. Taking actions, agreed with the Minister, to develop new credit products in areas where cash flow, rather than property or assets, is the basis for business lending. D. (g) AIB also agreed to co-operate fully with the Minster and the European Commission in connection with the Commission’s assessment of the Group’s restructuring plan under EU State aid rules and to implement fully the final restructuring plan when approved by the NTMA and the Commission. (h) AIB repeated and extended undertakings in the Subscription Agreement relating to matters concerning the remuneration of its directors, senior executives and employees. (i) AIB undertook various obligations in respect of the CNV Shares, relating to the issue of securities, the modification of rights attaching to securities and the transferability of the CNV Shares. (iii) EBS Acquisition Agreement Pursuant to the terms of an Acquisition Agreement between the Minister, the NTMA, EBS Building Society and AIB, dated 26 May 2011, AIB agreed to acquire the entire issued share capital of EBS. The EBS merger completed on 1 July 2011 (following its conversion into a private company and receipt of all requisite regulatory approvals) and was effected pursuant to an acquisition conversion scheme mechanism under Part XI of the Building Societies Act 1989 (as amended) whereby EBS was first demutualised by conversion from a building society into a private limited company, called EBS Limited, the entire issued share capital of which was held by the Minister prior to the acquisition of that share capital by AIB. As AIB and EBS respectively are substantially owned by the State, the consideration payable by AIB for the EBS Merger was a nominal cash payment of € 1.00. 435 Additional information (iv) 2011 Placing Agreement, Capital Contribution and Minister’s Letter (a) Pursuant to the terms of the Placing Agreement between the Minister, the NPRFC, the NTMA and AIB, dated 1 July 2011, AIB agreed to issue 500,000,000,000 new Ordinary Shares to the NPRFC at an aggregate subscription price of € 5 billion. On 28 July 2011, the Minister and the NPRFC agreed to make capital contributions of € 2,283,146,860 and € 3,770,970,659 respectively to AIB for no consideration and AIB is not legally obliged to repay the capital contributions. The capital contributions were made in order to enable AIB to meet its regulatory capital requirements. (b) The Company agreed to give certain covenants and undertakings to the Minister, the NTMA and the NPRFC, including in relation to its reserves, dividends, disclosure of information, matters of public interest, use of proceeds and future material transactions, together with additional covenants and undertakings in relation to the availability of credit, the Group’s restructuring plan, corporate governance and remuneration. In addition, the Company gave certain representations and warranties and indemnities to the Minister, the NTMA and the NPRFC and the liability of the Company in respect of any breach of those representations, warranties and indemnities is unlimited as to time and amount. (c) The continued provision of State funding and support to AIB is dependent on enforcement by AIB of a wide restriction on payment of employment bonuses by the Group, details of which are contained in a letter from the Minister to AIB dated 25 July 2011. The Minister’s Letter contains undertakings in relation to measures to promote the availability of credit, AIB’s restructuring plan, related party transactions, corporate governance and remuneration and fees payable to directors, senior executives, employees and service providers of AIB. (v) Contingent Capital Note Purchase Agreement (a) Pursuant to the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement between the Minister and AIB, dated 26 July 2011, AIB agreed to issue € 1.6 billion of contingent tier 2 capital notes to the Minister, issued at par with a five year and one day maturity, with an aggregated principal amount of € 1.6 billion. (b) The Contingent Capital Notes will convert mandatorily in their entirety into Ordinary Shares in the event that the core tier 1 capital ratio of AIB falls below 8.25% or (following implementation of the Capital Requirements Directive IV in Ireland), AIB’s common equity tier 1 ratio falls below 8.25% or, if the Central Bank, in its sole discretion, notifies AIB that it has determined that the Group’s financial and solvency condition is deteriorating in such a way that a fall below the ratios described above is likely to occur in the short term and AIB is incapable of restoring the Group’s capital ratio to a level above 8.25% during the following 90 days. The Contingent Capital Notes will also convert immediately and mandatorily into Ordinary Shares in the event that a non- viability event occurs (including in the event of the Group becoming insolvent, bankrupt, unable to pay its debts as they fall due, ceases to carry on its business or fails to meet minimum capital adequacy requirements). (c) Following a conversion event, the Contingent Capital Notes will be immediately converted into a fixed number of Ordinary Shares that is determined by dividing the principal amount of each Contingent Capital Note by the conversion price of € 0.01 per Ordinary Share. The Contingent Capital Notes also include certain anti-dilution adjustments. (d) The Contingent Capital Notes carry a fixed annual mandatory interest rate of 10% of the principal amount. The Minister may, where it remains the holder of 100 per cent. of the Contingent Capital Notes, in order to facilitate the sale of the Contingent Capital Notes to third party investors, at any time (but becoming effective only from the date of such sale being completed and settled) increase the interest rate to a new level determined by an independent remarketing agent nominated by the Minister, but not exceeding 18 per cent. per annum. In addition, AIB will provide, at the request of the Minister, sufficient disclosure to allow for the Contingent Capital Notes to be listed and to be sold to third party investors. AIB will have the option, prior to any such sale of the Contingent Capital Notes being completed and settled, to source third party investors at a potentially lower interest rate, but only if it has sourced sufficient investors to purchase an amount equal to the principal amount paid by the Minister for the Contingent Capital Notes on overall better terms. The Minister will have discretion as to whether or not to sell to any such investors. Admission of the Contingent Capital Notes to the Official List of the Irish Stock Exchange and to trading on its Global Exchange Market, an exchange-regulated market, occurred on 27 October 2011. (e) The Contingent Capital Notes constitute direct, unsecured and subordinated obligations of the Group and rank junior to unsubordinated obligations of the Group and pari passu without any preference among themselves and equally with all other dated subordinated obligations of the Group which rank or are expressed to rank equally with the Contingent Capital Notes (if any). The Contingent Capital Notes rank senior to other obligations of the Group that are expressed to rank junior to the Contingent Capital Notes. 436 Reporting currency and exchange rates AIB Group publishes consolidated financial statements in euro (€). In this Annual Financial Report, references to ‘US dollars’, ‘dollars’, ‘US$’, ‘cents’ or ‘¢’ are to United States currency, references to ‘EUR’, ‘euro’, ‘€’ or ‘c’ are to euro currency, references to ‘sterling’ or ‘Stg£’ are to British currency, references to ‘zloty’, ‘PLN’ or ‘zl’ are to Polish currency and references to ‘Yen’ are to Japanese currency. The following table shows, for the periods and dates indicated, certain information regarding the noon buying rate, expressed in US dollars per euro. Year ended 31 December 2007 Year ended 31 December 2008 Year ended 31 December 2009 Year ended 31 December 2010 Year ended 31 December 2011 Period end(1) 1.4603 1.3919 1.4332 1.3269 1.2973 Average rate(2) 1.3751 1.4688 1.3936 1.3302 1.3946 High 1.4862 1.6010 1.5100 1.4536 1.4875 Low 1.2904 1.2446 1.2547 1.1959 1.2926 (1)The noon buying rate at such dates differed from the rates used in the preparation of AIB Group’s consolidated financial statements, which were US$ 1.4721, US$ 1.3917, US$ 1.4406 US$ 1.3362 and US$ 1.2939 to € 1.00 at 31 December 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. (2)The average rate for each period is the average of the noon buying rates on the last day of each month during that period. On 23 March 2012 the noon buying rate was € 1.00 = US$ 1.3263 The accounting policy in respect of the translation of gains and losses arising in foreign locations is set out on page 234. Details of the exchange rates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are set out in note 68 of this report. 437 Additional information Offer and listing details Trading market for Ordinary shares of AIB 0n 26 January, 2011 AIB ordinary shares commenced trading on the Enterprise Securities Market ("ESM") of the Irish Stock Exchange (“ISE”). This followed a direction to AIB by the High Court on 23 December 2010, under the Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Bill 2010, to apply to cancel its listing of ordinary shares on the Main Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange (‘Irish Main Market Delisting’) and to apply for admission to trading on the ESM of the ISE. The High Court also directed AIB to apply to cancel the admission of its ordinary shares to the Official List maintained by the UK Financial Services Authority and to cancel trading on the main market of the London Stock Exchange (‘UK Delisting’). AIB traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) in the form of American Depositary Shares (“ADS”). Each ADS, which comprises 10 ordinary shares, traded under the symbol “AIB” and was evidenced by an American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”). On 25 August AIB delisted from the NYSE, from which time AIB’s ADSs were no longer traded on the NYSE. At 31 December 2011, AIB had outstanding 513,528,806,391 ordinary shares of € 0.01 each, of which 35,680,114 were held as Treasury Shares (page 349). A total of 36,320,665 ADSs were outstanding, representing 0.07% of total outstanding ordinary shares. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of the ordinary shares during the periods indicated, based on midmarket prices at close of business on the Irish Stock Exchange and the high and low sales prices for ADSs, as reported on the NYSE composite tape. Year ended 31 December 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Calendar year 2010 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter 2011 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Ordinary shares(1) High Low (Euro) American Depositary Shares(2) High Low (Dollars) 23.95 15.98 3.37 1.79 0.33 1.79 1.61 0.99 0.50 0.31 0.33 0.14 0.10 12.95 1.65 0.27 0.27 0.04 63.88 47.14 9.84 4.95 4.48 0.98 0.88 0.50 0.27 0.19 0.14 0.04 0.04 4.95 4.40 2.69 1.41 4.48 4.34 2.13 - 39.30 4.59 0.76 0.83 0.41 2.71 2.17 1.40 0.83 2.40 2.05 0.46 - (1)On 26 July 2011, the nominal value of each ordinary share was reduced from € 0.32 to € 0.01 per share. (2)An American Depositary Share (“ADS”) represented two ordinary shares up to 22 February 2011. On 23 February 2011, AIB changed the ratio whereby one ADS represents ten ordinary shares. Bonus Issue The Company was obliged, under its Articles of Association, to issue Ordinary Shares by way of bonus issue to the NPRFC as a consequence of not paying the annual cash dividend payable on the 2009 Preference Shares in May 2011 (the ‘Bonus Issue 2011’). On 13 May 2011, the Company had insufficient authorised but unissued share capital and insufficient authority remaining under section 20 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1983 to allot the Bonus Issue 2011 in full. Accordingly, 484,902,878 new Ordinary Shares were issued to the NPRFC on 13 May 2011 in part satisfaction of the Bonus Issue 2011. Following the receipt of shareholder approval on 26 July 2011, the remainder of the Bonus Issue 2011, being 762,370,687 new Ordinary Shares, were issued to the NPRFC. The 2011 Bonus Issue included an increment of 38,118,535 new Ordinary Shares prescribed by AIB’s Articles of Association as a result of the 2011 annual cash dividend not being satisfied in full on the due date. 438 American Depositary Receipts The Company’s listing of the ordinary shares, in the form of American Depositary Shares (“ADS”) was obtained on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) effective 28 November 1990. Each ADS, which comprised two ordinary shares, traded under the symbol “AIB” and is evidenced by an American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”). The ADR depositary is The Bank of New York Mellon (‘the Depositary’). On 7 February 2011 AIB announced its intention to change the ratio of one ADS representing two ordinary shares to one ADS representing ten ordinary shares. The effective date of this change was 23 February 2011. On 4 August 2011, AIB announced that its Board of Directors has resolved to delist its ADS, each representing ten ordinary shares, par value €0.01 per share, from the NYSE, terminate the deposit agreement governing the ADSs (‘the Deposit Agreement’) with the Depositary and, in due course, terminate the registration of AIB’s securities with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (‘the SEC’) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (‘the Exchange Act’), in each case after the completion of the required legal steps. The Board of Directors made the decision in light of the increase in the Irish Government’s shareholding (through the National Pension Reserve Fund Commission) to 99.8% on 27 July 2011, and the savings in costs and administrative efforts that would result from the delisting and any subsequent deregistration under the Exchange Act. AIB filed the related Form 25 with the SEC on 15 August 2011. The delisting became effective at the close of business on 25 August 2011, from which time AIB’s ADSs were no longer traded on the NYSE. On 10 October 2011, AIB terminated the ADS facility by terminating the ADS deposit agreement between AIB and the Depositary. In due course, AIB also intends to deregister its securities and terminate its obligations under the Exchange Act by filing a Form 15F. AIB’s aim is to meet the applicable criteria for deregistration of its securities. AIB has not arranged for listing and/or registration on another US national securities exchange or for quotation of its securities in a US quotation medium, but expects that its ordinary shares will continue to trade on the Enterprise Securities Market of the Irish Stock Exchange. Information required to be made available pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Exchange Act is available on AIB’s website at www.aibgroup.com. Fees The depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid. Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay: $5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) For: • Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property • Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates $.02 (or less) per ADS • Any cash distribution to ADS registered holders A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs • Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS registered holders $.02 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year • Depositary services Registration or transfer fees • Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares 439 Additional information Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay: Expenses of the depositary Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes For: • Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) • Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars • As necessary Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities • As necessary Fees incurred in Past Annual Period From 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011, the Company received from the depositary US$ 418,582 for NYSE listing fee. 440 Taxation This is a summary of the principal tax consequences for Irish resident individual holders and Eligible United States (“US”) Holders, as defined below, of AIB Ordinary Shares or American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) representing such Ordinary Shares, held as capital assets. It also covers Irish Dividend Withholding Tax (“DWT”) in general. It is not a comprehensive analysis of all potential tax consequences and does not cover all categories of investors. Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisors in relation to the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposal of AIB Ordinary Shares or ADSs, including any foreign, state or local tax law. Underlying this summary is the Double Taxation Convention between Ireland and the US (‘the Tax Treaty’) and the tax laws, judicial decisions, regulations and administrative rulings and practices of Ireland and the US currently in effect, which are subject to change at any time. Irish Dividend Withholding Tax (“DWT”) - General In general, DWT is deducted from dividends paid by Irish resident companies at the standard rate of income tax (currently 20%). Certain classes of shareholders are exempt from DWT provided they return a properly completed declaration (certified as required) to AIB’s Registrar, prior to the relevant dividend payment record date. Potentially-exempt shareholders include Irish resident companies, pension schemes, charities and certain non-resident persons. For a full exemption listing see the Irish Revenue website http://www.revenue.ie/en/tax/dwt/exemptions.html Declaration forms to claim exemption may be obtained either from AIB’s Registrar at: Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Ltd, Heron House, Corrig Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, Ireland. Telephone: +353-1-2475411. Facsimile: +353-1-2163151. Email: web.queries@computershare.ie or from the Irish Revenue Commissioners at: Dividend Withholding Tax Unit, Collector General’s Division, Government Offices, Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland. Telephone: +353-67-63400. Facsimile: +353-67-33822. Email: infodwt@revenue.ie Website: http://www.revenue.ie/en/tax/dwt/index.html Taxation of Irish Resident Individual Shareholders: Taxation of Dividends (i) Irish Income Tax and Dividend Withholding Tax Credit Shareholders who are individuals are liable to Irish income tax at their marginal rate on the amount of the dividend before deduction of DWT, and the DWT is available either for offset against the income tax liability, or for repayment, where it exceeds the total income tax liability. Such shareholders will normally also be liable to PRSI contribution (if regarded as ‘self-employed’) and to the Universal Social Charge (from 1 January 2011 onwards), the latter of which replaced the Health Contribution and the Income Levy. (ii) Back-up Withholding Tax An Irish resident holder of ADSs is subject to US withholding tax at the rate of 15% with respect to dividends paid on ADSs or the proceeds of sale of ADSs. Unless the holder has provided to the withholding agent the applicable completed Form W-8 (‘Certificate of Foreign Status’) the dividends or the proceeds of sale of the ADSs may be subject to US back-up withholding tax which will increase the total withholding tax to 28%. Irish Capital Gains Tax When shares are disposed of a capital gain may result if the sales proceeds less selling costs are greater than the base cost of the shares sold and allowable deductions. Capital gains tax is charged at 30% on chargeable gains arising on disposals on or after 7 December 2011 (previously 25%). Stamp Duty The Irish stamp duty implications of transactions in shares or ADSs are the same as for Eligible US Holders. See ‘Irish Stamp Duty’ in the ‘Taxation of Eligible US Holders’ section. 441 Additional information Taxation of a gift or an inheritance Capital acquisitions tax (“CAT”), comprising gift tax and inheritance tax, is charged in Ireland where the value of the aggregate taxable gifts and inheritances received by an individual on or after 5 December 1991 exceeds the tax free threshold applicable. The tax free threshold applicable is determined by the relationship between the parties. From 7 December 2011, amounts in excess of the threshold are taxed at 30% (previously 25%). Taxation of Eligible US Holders: An ‘Eligible US Holder’, for the purpose of this discussion, is a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs who is (a) a resident of the United States for the purposes of US federal income tax, (b) not a resident of Ireland for the purposes of Irish taxes and (c) not engaged in trade or business in Ireland through a permanent establishment, and (d) otherwise eligible for benefits under the TaxTreaty. Eligible US Holders of ADSs are treated as the owners, as appropriate, of the underlying ordinary shares for US federal income tax purposes and for the purposes of the Tax Treaty. Irish Tax (i) Irish Income Tax An Eligible US Holder is not liable to Irish income tax on dividends paid by AIB where the recipient is: - a person, other than a company, who is not ordinarily resident in Ireland in a year of assessment; or - a company that is not under the control (direct or indirect) of a person or persons who are Irish resident. - a company, the shares of which (or of its 75% parent or of a collection of companies which own 100% of that company) are substantially and regularly traded on a recognised stock exchange. (ii) Irish Dividend Withholding Tax and Related Tax Treaty Provisions Generally an exemption from Irish DWT is available where the Eligible US Holder provides AIB’s Registrar with the relevant declaration, certified as required and, in the case of an individual, is not ordinarily resident in Ireland. For further detail in relation to claims for exemption, see above under Irish Dividend Withholding Tax (“DWT”) – General. Eligible US Holders who have DWT deducted from their dividend may, subject to certain conditions, be entitled to a refund by making an application to the Irish Revenue Commissioners at the address shown above.Where entitlement to repayment under Irish domestic law cannot be established, the provisions of the Tax Treaty may apply.The provisions of the Tax Treaty can limit the Irish tax liability of an Eligible US Holder, who is unable to claim repayment of the full DWT deducted from the dividend, to 15% of the aggregate of the cash dividend and related DWT (the ‘gross amount’). In such circumstances, the Eligible US Holder may claim repayment from the Irish Revenue Commissioners under the provisions of the Tax Treaty of the amount of DWT in excess of 15% of the gross amount of the dividend. (iii) Gains on Sale, Exchange or Other Disposal A gain realised on the sale, exchange or other disposal of the AIB ordinary shares or ADSs by an Eligible US Holder who is not ordinarily resident in Ireland for Irish tax purposes is not subject to Irish capital gains tax. (iv) Irish Stamp Duty In the case of a transfer or sale of AIB ordinary shares, stamp duty will generally be charged at the rate of 1% of the value of the shares. The surrender of ADSs to the Depositary in return for ordinary shares, where the surrender does not relate to a sale or contemplated sale or mortgage of such AIB ordinary shares, will generally not be chargeable to the 1% stamp duty. Where there is a surrender of the ADSs to the Depositary in return for ordinary shares which is done as a conveyance on sale or in contemplation of sale, then stamp duty is payable at the rate of 1% of the value of the shares. (v) Taxation of a gift or an inheritance Capital acquisitions tax (“CAT”), comprising gift tax and inheritance tax, applies to gifts and bequests of Irish situate assets. CAT may also apply to non-Irish situate assets depending on the tax residence, ordinary residence and domicile positions of the donor and the successor or donee. As such, CAT applies to gifts and bequests of AIB ordinary shares. It is not entirely clear whether ADSs representing ordinary shares are regarded as non-Irish situate assets. As such, CAT may also apply to gifts and bequests of ADSs representing ordinary shares regardless of the residence, ordinary residence or domicile of the donor and successor or donee. For further details of CAT see ‘Taxation of Irish Shareholders - Taxation of a Gift or an Inheritance’. US Tax (i) US Federal Income Taxation An Eligible US Holder is subject to US Federal income taxation on the gross amount of any dividend paid by AIB out of AIB’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for US federal income tax purposes). Dividends received by individuals before 1 January 2013, that constitute qualified dividend income, are taxed at a maximum federal tax rate of 15%, 442 subject to certain holding requirements. Holders of Ordinary Shares or ADSs must have held their shares for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Dividends paid by AIB with respect to ordinary shares or ADSs will be qualified dividend income for US tax purposes if AIB was not in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend was paid, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). Based on our current and projected financial data, we believe AIB should not be treated as a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes with respect to tax years 2010 and 2011 and we do not anticipate that AIB would be treated as a PFIC for the 2012 year. Dividends paid by AIB to US corporate stockholders with respect to ordinary shares and ADSs, will not qualify for the dividend received deduction otherwise generally allowed to such stockholders. The amount of the dividend to be included in income will be the US dollar value of the euro payment made, determined at the spot US dollar/euro exchange rate on the date of actual or constructive receipt by the Eligible US Holder in the case of ordinary shares, or by the Depositary in the case of ADSs, regardless of whether the payment is actually converted into US dollars. Any gain or loss recognised by an Eligible US Holder on the sale or disposal of euros as a result of currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includable in income to the date the payment is converted into US Dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will not be eligible for the special tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. Distributions in excess of current or accumulated earnings and profits would be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the Eligible US Holder’s basis in his AIB ordinary shares or ADSs and would reduce the US Holder’s basis in his AIB ordinary shares or ADSs. Any remaining excess would be treated for US federal tax purposes as capital gains, provided the AIB ordinary shares or ADSs are capital assets in the hands of such Eligible US Holder. Subject to various limitations, Eligible US Holders who have Irish DWT applied to their dividend may be entitled to a credit against their US federal income tax liability. Under US tax law, the limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to separate classes of income. Dividends paid by AIB are foreign source “passive category income” or “general category income” depending on the holder’s circumstances. In either case, foreign tax credits allowable with respect to each category of income cannot exceed the US federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to such category of income. No foreign tax credit is allowed to the extent a refund of DWT is available to the Eligible US Holder. (ii) US Withholding Tax A holder of ADSs may, under certain circumstances, be subject to US backup withholding tax with respect to dividends paid on ADSs or the proceeds of sale of ADSs. A US holder of ADSs is subject to backup withholding tax unless such holder: (i) is a corporation or comes within the certain other exempt categories and, when required, certifies this fact; or (ii) provides a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), certifies that such holder is not subject to backup withholding tax and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding tax rules. Subject to certain limitations, amounts withheld under the US backup withholding tax rules may be creditable against the holder’s US federal income tax liability. (iii) US State and local taxes State and local taxes may apply to distributions received by holders of AIB ordinary shares or ADSs. (iv) Gains on sale, exchange or other disposal Upon the sale, exchange or other disposal of AIB ordinary shares or ADSs, a US Holder will recognise a gain or loss, if any, equal to the difference between the amount realised upon the sale, exchange, or disposal and the US Holder’s tax basis. Generally, a holder’s tax basis in AIB ordinary shares or ADSs will be the US Holder’s cost. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Capital gains recognised by non-corporate US Holders before 1 January 2013, on shares held longer than one year, are taxed at a maximum rate of 15%. Any gain will generally be treated as income from sources within the US for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. In February 2011 ADSs were split such that each ADS representing two AIB Ordinary Shares was exchanged for one ADS representing ten AIB Ordinary Shares. A US Holder does not recognise gain or loss on the exchange. The US Holder’s total tax basis in the shares received is equal to the total tax basis in the shares exchanged. Effective 10 October 2011 AIB terminated its ADR facility. A US Holder of ADSs can surrender their ADSs and receive underlying AIB ordinary shares up until at least 10 April 2012. The US Holder’s tax basis in the ordinary shares received will be equal to the tax basis in the ADSs surrendered. A US Holder that does not surrender their ADSs will receive proceeds in connection with the termination and will be treated as having sold their shares. The US Holder will recognise gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realised and the US Holder’s tax basis. As discussed above such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. 443 Additional information (v) Taxation of a gift or an inheritance The 1951 estate tax convention between Ireland and the US is accepted by both countries’ revenue authorities as applying to Irish inheritance tax, but not gift tax. Under this convention and US tax law any such inheritance tax payable in Ireland generally will be allowed as a credit, subject to certain limitations, against so much of the US federal estate tax as is payable on the same property. Transfers of AIB ordinary shares or ADSs upon death may be subject to US federal estate tax subject to certain threshold exemptions. US federal gift tax may apply to gifts of AIB ordinary shares or ADSs subject to certain thresholds and exemptions. No credit is allowable against Federal gift tax for Irish gift tax paid on the same property. Exchange controls Under Article 63 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, all restrictions on the movements of capital between member states of the European Union and between such member states and third countries are prohibited. Under Article 66 of the Treaty where, in exceptional circumstances, movements of capital to or from third countries cause, or threaten to cause, serious difficulties for the operation of economic and monetary union, the Council of the European Union, on a proposal from the European Commission, and after consulting the European Central Bank, may take safeguard measures with regard to third countries for a period not exceeding six months if such measures are strictly necessary. Under Article 75 of the Treaty, where is necessary to prevent and combat terrorism and related activities, the European Parliament and the Council, acting by means of regulations are to define a framework for administrative measures with regard to capital movements and payments, such as the freezing of funds, financial assets or economic gains belonging to, or owned or held by, natural or legal persons, groups or non-State entities. There are no restrictions under AIB’s Articles of Association or under Irish law, as currently in force, that limit the right of non- resident or foreign owners, as such, to hold securities of AIB freely or, when entitled, to vote such securities freely. There are currently no restrictions under Irish law, decrees, or regulations affecting the remittance of dividends or other payments to non-resident holders of AIB securities except in respect of United Nations and/or European Union sanctions. 444 Employees During the year ended December 2011, AIB Group employed 14,282 staff, excluding discontinued operations, (end of month average staff in payment full-time equivalent, excluding career breaks and other unpaid long-term leaves) on a worldwide basis, mainly in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Great Britain, USA. AIB Group offers a wide range of employee relations programs in each of the areas in which it operates. AIB and the Irish Bank Officials' Association ("IBOA"), which is the sole recognised trade union for bank officials in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and Great Britain, conduct their employee relations in keeping with agreed Partnership Principles, which, since February 2000, have underpinned the approach taken in employee and industrial relations. AIB encourages its staff to raise any concerns of wrongdoing through a number of channels, both internal and external. One such channel, the AIB Speak-Up policy, includes a confidential external helpline. Staff are assured that if they raise a concern in good faith, AIB will not tolerate any victimisation or unfair treatment of the staff member as a result. Pay developments in 2011 reflected the financial position of the Group and the constraints on remuneration arising from AIB’s commitments under the Subscription and Placing Agreements between AIB and the National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission (“NPRFC”) and the National Treasury Management Agency (“NTMA”) and the Minister of Finance. There were no general salary increases or increments paid in 2011 and there were no bonus or share schemes operating. External competition for key skills increased during the year particularly for credit, IT and other specialist banking roles. While remuneration spend was closely managed because of the financial position of the Group and its reliance on State support, the retention of key skills was prioritised and managed within tight budgetary parameters. The average number of employees by market segment for 2011 and by division for 2010 and 2009 (excluding employees on career breaks, long term absences or any other unpaid leaves) are described in the table below. See also note 66 Employees. Continuing operations PBB CICB(1) AIB UK EBS Group Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Total 2011 6,017 1,752 2,282 288 3,943 14,282 2,434 16,716 Continuing operations AIB Bank ROI Capital Markets(2) AIB Bank UK Central & Eastern Europe(3) Group(4) Discontinued operations BZWBK(5) Years ended 31 December 2009 2010 6,850 2,177 2,342 N/A 2,886 7,284 2,424 2,507 9,596 2,870 14,255 24,681 9,631 23,886 N/A 24,681 (1)AIB’s investment in Goodbodys was derecognised at 31 December 2010, therefore are not included in 2011. (2)In 2010, Treasury segment employees of BZWBK were no longer included in Capital Markets (2009: 109). (3)The Central and Eastern Europe division ceased in 2010, following the classification of BZWBK and BACB as a discontinued operation during the year. (4)In 2010, the Group segment, included employees in AmCredit and assignees based in BZWBK and BACB, which had previously been included within the Central and Eastern Europe division. (5)BZWBK includes all staff in BZWBK and its subsidiaries, excluding assignees from AIB. 445 Additional information Description of property As at 31 December 2011, AIB operated from an estate of approximately 458 branches, offices and outlets. These are held principally in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Great Britain, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands and also include the newly acquired EBS estate. Properties are held under a combination of freehold, long leasehold and short lease tenure. AIB is headquartered at ‘Bankcentre’ - Ballsbridge Dublin 4. This is a campus style complex of interlinked office buildings on a site of approximately 14 acres. This complex houses most of AIB’s support functions, as well as car parking, meeting and staff welfare facilities. AIB leases the Bankcentre campus under three separate lease arrangements. AIB also has offices held under lease at ‘AIB International Centre’ located in Dublin’s International Financial Services Centre (“IFSC”). AIB actioned the break option on this lease and plan to vacate this location during 2013. In addition, AIB has a number of other leasehold properties in the Dublin, Cork, Limerick and Galway regions. AIB’s Republic of Ireland estate comprises 267 branch and service outlet locations. These are held under a combination of freehold, leasehold and licence arrangements. In Northern Ireland, AIB’s First Trust Bank has 2 head office locations at ‘First Trust Centre’ Ann Street, and at 4 Queen’s Square Belfast. In addition, First Trust Bank has a branch estate comprising 47 locations. AIB’s UK headquarters are located at Tenterden Street, West London held under lease. In addition, AIB has a further 15 leasehold properties in and around London, with another 19 locations nationwide. The lease on AIB UK’s previous head office location, ‘Bankcentre’ Uxbridge is due to expire in 2012. AIB have made known their intention not to remain in this building, and action plans are underway to relocate staff across the UK portfolio. EBS is headquartered at number 2 Burlington Road Dublin 4. This is a modern 80,000 sq.ft facility held under lease. EBS also leases a 7,000 sq.ft unit on Amiens Street Dublin 2 which will cease in September 2012. The branch estate comprises 87 outlets which are leased, owned or held by tied agents and franchisees. Other shareholder information 1. register for electronic communications on the following link, www.computershare.com/register/ie; Internet-based Shareholder Services Ordinary Shareholders with access to the internet may: – – check their shareholdings on the Company’s Share Register; – – update your information online on the following link: www.investorcentre.com/ie/changeaddress; and – download standard forms required to initiate changes in details held by the Registrar, by accessing AIB’s website at check past dividend payment details; www.aibgroup.com, clicking on the Investor Relations, Shareholder Information and Personal Shareholder Details option, and following the on-screen instructions. When prompted, the Shareholder Reference Number (shown on the shareholder’s share certificate, dividend counterfoil and personalised circulars) should be entered. These services may also be accessed via the Registrar’s website at www.computershare.com. Shareholders may also use AIB’s website to access the Company’s Annual Financial Report. 2. Stock Exchange Listings Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is an Irish-registered company. Its ordinary shares are traded on the Enterprise Securities Market (“ESM”) of the Irish Stock Exchange. 3. Registrar The Company’s Registrar is: Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Ltd., Heron House, Corrig Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18. Telephone: +353-1-247 5411. Facsimile: +353-1-216 3151. Website: www.computershare.com or www.investorcentre.com/ie/contactus 4. Shareholding analysis The National Pensions Reserve Fund Commission hold 512,613,393,750 ordinary shares of € 0.01 each in the share capital of Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c.. 446 Financial calendar Annual General Meeting: 28 June 2012, at the Company’s Head office at Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Interim results Unaudited interim results for the half-year ending 30 June 2012 will be announced towards the end of July/early August and will be available on the Company’s website – www.aibgroup.com. Shareholder enquiries should be addressed to: Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Ltd., Heron House, Corrig Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, Ireland Telephone: +353 1 247 5411 Facsimile: +353 1 216 3151 Website: www.computershare.com or www.investorcentre.com/ie/contactus or www.aibgroup.com 447  Glossary of terms ABS Asset backed securities are securities which are collateralised by income producing assets other than mortgage loans. They are typically structured in tranches of differing credit qualities. Some common types of asset backed securities are those backed by credit card receivables, home equity loans and car loans. Arrears Arrears relates to any interest or principal on a loan which was due for payment, but where payment has not been received. Buy to let A residential mortgage loan approved for the purpose of purchasing a residential investment property to rent out. CBOs/CDOs A collateralised bond obligation (“CBO”)/collateralised debt obligation (“CDO”) is an investment vehicle (generally an SPE) which allows third party investors to make debt and/or equity investments in a vehicle containing a portfolio of loans and bonds with certain common features. In the case of synthetic CBOs/CDOs the risk is backed by credit derivatives instead of the sale of assets (cash CBOs/CDOs). Commercial Commercial Paper is similar to a deposit and is a relatively low-risk, short-term, unsecured promissory note paper traded on money markets issued by companies or other entities to finance their short-term expenses. In the USA, commercial paper matures within 270 days maximum, while in Europe, it may have a maturity period of up to 365 days; although maturity is commonly 30 days in the USA and 90 days in Europe. Commercial property Contractual maturity Commercial Property – focuses primarily on the following property segments: a) Apartment complexes; b) Develop to sell; c) Office projects; d) Retail projects; e) Hotels; and f) Selective mixed-use projects and special purpose properties. The period when a scheduled payment is due and payable in accordance with the terms of a financial instrument. Core tier 1 capital Called-up share capital, share premium and eligible reserves plus equity non-controlling interests, less goodwill, intangible assets and supervisory deductions as specified by the Central Bank. Credit default swaps An agreement between two parties whereby one party pays the other a fixed coupon over a specified term. The other party makes no payment unless a specified credit event such as a default occurs, at which time a payment is made and the swap terminates. Credit default swaps are typically used by the purchaser to provide credit protection in the event of default by a counterparty. Credit derivatives Financial instruments with which credit risk connected with loans, bonds or other risk-weighted assets or market risk positions is transferred to counterparties providing credit protection. The credit risk might be the exposure inherent in a financial asset such as a loan or might be generic credit risk such as the bankruptcy risk of an entity. Credit risk The risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss to the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Credit risk Credit spread can be defined as the difference in yield between a given security and a comparable benchmark spread government security or the difference in value of two securities with comparable maturity and yield but different credit qualities. It gives an indication of the issuer’s or borrower’s credit quality. Criticised Loans requiring additional management attention over and above that normally required for the loan type. loans 448  Glossary of terms Customer accounts A liability of the Group where the counterparty to the financial contract is typically a personal customer, a corporation (other than a financial institution) or the government. This caption includes various types of deposits and credit current accounts, all of which are unsecured. Debt restructuring This is the process whereby customers in arrears, facing cash flow or financial distress renegotiate the terms of their loan agreements in order to improve the likelihood of repayment. Restructuring may involve altering the terms of a loan agreement including a partial writedown of the balance. In certain circumstances, the loan balance may be swapped for equity in the counterparty. Default When a customer breaches a term and/or condition of a loan agreement, a loan is deemed to be in default for case management purposes. Depending on the materiality of the default, if left unmanaged it can lead to loan impairment. Default is also used in Basel II context when a loan is either 91+ days past due or impaired, and may require additional capital to be set aside. Delinquency Failure by a customer to repay an obligation when due or as agreed. In the case of loans and credit cards, this will arise when a payment of either capital and/or interest is 1 day or more overdue. Overdrafts are deemed to be delinquent if an approved limit is exceeded for 1 day or more. Within AIB, market risk portfolios are controlled from a risk (using VaR limits) and financial perspective. The Earnings Constraint is the Group’s primary financial limit. It is an expression of the Group’s tolerance for gross income loss in any financial period (i.e. utilisation against the Earnings Constraint Limit is based on cumulative gross income in each half year). The amount of capital which the bank needs to protect against extreme losses from a material risk it is running (e.g. credit risk, market risk). It is based on internally developed calculation methodologies and estimates, as opposed to regulatory capital which uses a methodology determined by the Basel Accord and imposed by the Regulator. The EAD is the expected or actual amount of exposure to the borrower at the time of default. Earnings constraint Economic capital Exposure at Default (“EAD”) First/ Second lien Where a property or other security is taken as collateral for a loan, first lien holders are paid before all other claims on the property. Second lien holders are subordinate to the rights of first lien holders to a property security. Forbearance Forbearance is the term that is used when repayment terms of the mortgage contract have been renegotiated in order to make payment terms more manageable for borrowers. Forbearance techniques have the common characteristic of rescheduling principal or interest repayments, rather than reducing them. Standard forbearance techniques employed by the Group include: - interest only; a reduction in the payment amount; a temporary deferral of payment (a moratorium); extending the term of the mortgage; and capitalising arrears amounts and related interest. Funded/ unfunded exposures Funded: Loans, advances and debt securities where funds have been given to a debtor with an obligation to repay at some future date and on specific terms. Unfunded: Unfunded exposures are those where funds have not yet been advanced to a debtor, but where a commitment exists to do so at a future date or event. Home loan A loan secured by a mortgage on the primary residence or second home of a borrower. 449  Glossary of terms Impaired loans Loans are typically reported as impaired when interest thereon is 91 days or more past due or where a provision exists in anticipation of loss, except: (i) where there is sufficient evidence that repayment in full, including all interest up to the time of repayment (including costs) will be made within a reasonable and identifiable time period, either from realisation of security, refinancing commitment or other sources; or (ii) where there is independent evidence that the balance due, including interest, is adequately secured. Upon impairment the accrual of interest income based on the original terms of the claim is discontinued but the increase of the present value of impaired claims due to the passage of time is reported as interest income. IRBA Leveraged lending The Internal Ratings Based Approach (“IRBA”) allows banks, subject to regulatory approval, to use their own estimates of certain risk components to derive regulatory capital requirements for credit risk across different asset classes. The relevant risk components are: Probability of Default (“PD”); Loss Given Default (“LGD”); and Exposure at Default (“EAD”). Leveraged lending involves lending to entities by leveraging off their equity structures having considered the cash generating capacity of the business and its capacity to repay any associated debt. Leveraging structures are typically used in management and private equity buy-outs, mergers and acquisitions. Leverage lending typically is to non investment grade borrowers and carries commensurate rates of return. Loan workout Loan workout is the process whereby once an advance is deemed to be criticised (i.e. ‘Watch’, ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Impaired’), the Group monitors and reviews the advance regularly with the objective of working with the customer to resolve their financial difficulties, which may include restructuring, in order to maximise the level of recovery by the Group. Loans past due When a borrower fails to make a contractually due payment, a loan is deemed to be past due. ‘Past due days’ is a term used to describe the cumulative number of days that a missed payment is overdue. Past due days commence from the close of business on the day on which a payment is due but not received. In the case of overdrafts, past due days are counted once a borrower: - has breached an advised limit; - has been advised of a limit lower than the then current amount outstanding; or - has drawn credit without authorisation. When a borrower is past due, the entire exposure is reported as past due, rather than the amount of any excess or arrears. Loan to deposit ratio This is the ratio of loans and receivables to customers as presented in the statement of financial position compared to customer accounts. Loss Given Default (“LGD”) Monte Carlo Simulation Mortgage covered securities The LGD is the expected or actual loss in the event of default, expressed as a percentage of ‘exposure at default’. A mathematical modelling process or analytical technique for solving a problem by performing a large number of trial runs, called simulations, and inferring a solution from the collective results of the trial runs. It is a standard method for calculating the probability distribution of possible outcomes and has particular application in determining the ‘Value at Risk’ (“VaR”) of portfolios containing option products. Mortgage covered securities (also known as covered bonds) are debt securities backed by cash flows from mortgages. They are issued for the purpose of financing loans secured on residential property. NAMA National Asset Management Agency Prime loan Loan in which both the criteria used to grant the loan (loan-to-value, debt-to-income, etc.) and to assess the borrower’s history (no past due reimbursements of loans, no bankruptcy, etc.) are sufficiently conservative to rank the loan as high quality and low-risk. 450  Glossary of terms Principal components analysis Probability of Default (“PD”) Risk weighted assets A mathematical way of identifying patterns in data. It is used to analyse interest rate shock scenarios by decomposing the interest rate term structure into its principal components. The PD is the likelihood that a borrower will default on an obligation to repay. A measure of assets (including off-balance sheet items converted into asset equivalents e.g. credit lines) which are weighted in accordance with prescribed rules and formulas as defined in the Basel Accord to reflect the risks inherent in those assets. RMBS Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) are debt obligations that represent claims to the cash flows from pools of mortgage loans, most commonly on residential property. Securitisation The process of aggregation and repackaging of non-tradable financial instruments such as loans and receivables, or company cash flow into securities that can be issued and traded in the capital markets. SPE Structured securities Student loan related assets Sub-prime Tier 1 capital Special purpose entity (“SPE”) is a legal entity which can be a limited company or a limited partnership created to fulfil narrow or specific objectives. A company will transfer assets to the SPE for management or use by the SPE to finance a large project thereby achieving a narrow set of goals without putting the entire firm at risk. This involves non standard lending arrangements through the structuring of assets or debt issues in accordance with customer and/or market requirements. The requirements may be concerned with funding, liquidity, risk transfer or other needs that cannot be met by an existing off the shelf product or instrument. To meet this requirement existing products and techniques must be engineered into a tailor made product or process. Loans advanced to students for the students’ maintenance made under specific United States law. Extensions of credit to borrowers who, at the time of the loans’ origination, exhibit characteristics indicating a significantly higher risk of default than traditional bank lending customers. A measure of a bank’s financial strength defined by the Basel Accord. It captures core tier 1 capital plus other tier 1 securities in issue, but is subject to deductions relating to the excess of expected loss on the IRBA portfolios over the IFRS provision on the IRBA portfolios, securitisation positions and material holdings in financial companies. Tier 2 capital Broadly includes qualifying subordinated debt and other tier 2 securities in issue, eligible collective impairment provisions, unrealised available for sale equity gains and revaluation reserves. It is subject to deductions relating to the excess of expected loss on the IRBA portfolios over the accounting impairment provisions on the IRBA portfolios, securitisation positions and material holdings in financial companies. Tracker mortgage A tracker mortgage has a variable interest rate. The rate tracks the European Central Bank (“ECB”) rate, at an agreed margin above the ECB rate and will increase or decrease within five days of an ECB rate movement. VaR Vulnerable loans Watch loans The Group’s core risk measurement methodology is based on an historical simulation application of the industry standard Value at Risk (“VaR”) technique. The methodology incorporates the portfolio diversification effect within each standard risk factor (interest rate, credit spread, foreign exchange, equity, as applicable). The resulting VaR figures, calculated at the close of business each day, are an estimate of the probable maximum loss in fair value over a one day holding period that would arise from a ‘worst case’ movement in market rates. This VaR metric is derived from an observation of historical prices over a period of one year and assessed at a 95% statistical confidence level (i.e. the VaR metric may be exceeded at least 5% of the time). Loans where repayment is in jeopardy from normal cashflow and may be dependent on other sources. Loans exhibiting weakness but with the expectation that existing debt can be fully repaid from normal cashflow. 451 Principal addresses Ireland & Britain AIB Customer Treasury Services USA Group Headquarters Bankcentre, PO Box 452, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 660 0311 AIB International Centre, IFSC, Dublin 1. Telephone: + 353 1 874 0222 Facsimile: + 353 1 679 5933 Website: http://www.aibgroup.com AIB Commercial Services Ltd. AIB Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, AIB Bank - Personal & Business Dublin 4. AIB Corporate Banking North America 1166 Avenue of the Americas, 18th floor, New York, NY 10036. Telephone: + 1 212 339 8000 Facsimile: + 1 212 339 8006 Banking Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 660 0311 Facsimile: + 353 1 660 3063 First Trust Bank First Trust Centre, 92 Ann Street, Belfast BT1 3HH. Telephone: + 44 28 9032 5599 From RoI: 048 9032 5599 First Trust Bank 4 Queen’s Square, Belfast BT1 3DJ. Telephone: + 44 28 9024 2423 Facsimile: + 44 28 9023 5480 Allied Irish Bank (GB) 4 Tenterden Street, Off Hanover Square London W1S 1TE Telephone: + 44 20 7647 3300 Facsimile: + 44 20 7629 2376 AIB Corporate Banking AIB Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 660 0311 Facsimile: + 353 1 668 2508 AIB Finance & Leasing AIB Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 660 0311 Facsimile: + 353 1 668 2508 Telephone: +353 1 660 0311 Facsimile: + 353 1 668 2508 AIB Customer Treasury Services 1166 Avenue of the Americas, 18th floor, New York, NY 10036. Telephone: + 1 212 339 8000 Facsimile: + 1 212 339 8006 Rest of World AIB Bank (CI) Limited AIB House 25 Esplanade, St. Helier, Jersey JE1 2AB. Telephone: +44 1534 883000 Facsimile: +44 1534 883112 AIB Bank (CI) Limited Isle of Man Branch, 10 Finch Road, Douglas, Isle of Man IM1 2PT. Telephone: + 44 (0) 1624 639639 Facsimile: + 44 (0) 1624 639636 AIB International Savings Limited Jubilee Buildings, Victoria Street, Douglas, Isle of Man IM1 2SH. Telephone: +44 1624 698000 Facsimile: +44 1624 698001 AIB Commercial Banking AIB Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 6411603 Facsimile: + 353 1 7721221 AIB Investment Managers Limited AIB Investment House, Percy Place, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 661 7077 Facsimile: + 353 1 661 7038 AIB Corporate Finance Limited AIB Bankcentre, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 667 0233 Facsimile: + 353 1 667 0250 AIB Corporate Banking Britain St Helen’s, 1 Undershaft, London EC3A 8AB. Telephone: + 44 207 090 7130 Facsimile: + 44 207 090 7101 EBS Limited The EBS Building, 2 Burlington Road, Dublin 4. Telephone: + 353 1 665 9000 Facsimile: + 353 1 874 7416 All numbers are listed with international codes. To dial a location from within the same jurisdiction, drop the country code after the + sign and place a 0 before the area code. This does not apply to calls to First Trust from Ireland (Republic). 452  Index A Accounting policies Additional information in relation to discontinued operations Additional parent company information on risk Administrative expenses Annual General Meeting Approval of accounts Acquisition of EBS Limited (“EBS”) Associated undertakings Audit Committee Auditor Auditor’s fees Average balance sheets and interest rates Aviva Life Holdings Limited B Board Committees Board & Group Executive Committee Bulgarian American Credit Bank Businesses of AIB Group C Capital adequacy information Capital management Capital reserves Capital redemption reserves Chairman’s statement Chief Executive’s review Commitments Company secretary Contingent liabilities and commitments Contributions from the Minister for Finance and the NPRFC Corporate Governance Statement Corporate Social Responsibility Credit ratings Credit risk Critical accounting policies Currency information Customer accounts 227 404 412 276 447 422 298 324 210 206 287 399 326 210 201 293 18 47 45 350 351 4 6 396 208 353 351 207 10 130 72 49 437 337 D Debt securities in issue Deferred taxation Deposits by central banks and banks Derivative financial instruments Directors Directors’ interests Directors’ remuneration Discontinued operations Disposal groups and non-current assets held for sale Disposal of businesses Distributions on equity shares Distributions to other equity holders 337 331 336 304 201 383 380 289 301 286 296 296 I Income statement Income tax (income)/expense Independent auditor’s report Intangible assets and goodwill Interest income Interest expense Interest rate risk (non-trading) Interest rate sensitivity Internal controls Investments in Group undertakings Irish Government Dividend income 235 & 270 L Dividends 403 Liquidity risk Loans and receivables to banks 254 288 424 327 270 270 178 369 216 407 357 173 310 Loans and receivables to customers Loss on transfer of financial instruments 311 E Earnings per share Employees Exchange controls Exchange rates 294 397 & 445 444 437 F Fair value of financial instruments Finance leases and hire purchase contracts Financial and other information Financial assets and financial liabilities by contractual residual maturity Financial assets and financial liabilities held for sale to NAMA Financial calendar Financial investments available 362 312 398 376 300 447 for sale 57 & 318 Financial investments held to maturity Financial liabilities by undiscounted contractual maturity Foreign exchange risk Forward looking information 59 378 179 2 G 275 27 174 430 292 317 318 270 271 212 403 to NAMA M Management report Market risk Memorandum and articles of association M&T Bank Corporation N NAMA senior bonds NAMA subordinated bond Net fee and commission income Net trading loss Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee Non-adjusting events after the reporting period Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries Notes to the accounts O Offer and listing details Gain on redemption of capital Operational risk instruments Going concern 271 Other equity interests 204 & 216 Other liabilities Group Internal Audit 71 Other operating income Own shares 293 & 352 264 438 179 350 337 276 349 453 Index (continued) P Pension risk Principal addresses Profit on disposal of property Property, plant & equipment Prospective accounting changes Provision for impairment of financial 181 452 286 329 251 T Taxation Trading portfolio financial assets Transfer of business from Anglo Irish Bank Corporation investments available for sale 286 W Provisions for impairment of Website 441 303 297 447 loans and receivables Provisions for liabilities and commitments R Regulatory Compliance Regulatory Compliance risk Related party transactions Remuneration Committee Report of the Directors Reporting currency Retirement benefits Risk appetite Risk governance and risk management organisation Risk identification and assessment process Risk management 313 338 397 180 385 213 204 437 280 69 69 71 61 427 265 S Schedule to Report of the Directors Segmental information Share-based compensation schemes Share capital Statement of cash flows Statement of comprehensive 277 343 258 & 375 income 255 Statements of changes in equity 260 & 262 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities Statements of financial 423 position 256 & 257 Subordinated liabilities and other capital instruments Supervision and regulation 339 218 454 455 AIB Group, Bankcentre, PO Box 452, Dublin 4, Ireland. T: +353 (0) 1 660 0311 | www.aibgroup.com © AIB Group 2012 Please recycle this report after use 

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