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Choice Hotels International

chh · LSE Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker chh
Exchange LSE
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Travel Lodging
Employees 501-1000
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FY2023 Annual Report · Choice Hotels International
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ANNUAL REPORT 2023

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Over 225 years of...  
INNOVATION, PASSION & EXPERTISE

Within the hospitality sector, the choice of tableware must meet the highest standards for 
presentation, practicality and performance. Over 225 years of innovation, passion and 
expertise make Churchill the natural partner for providing tabletop solutions.

The Churchill brand has achieved global recognition and is a reputable supplier of the 
highest quality ceramics. Respected for service excellence, product quality, environmental 
responsibilities and product innovation.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  01

Contents

Five Year Performance

Financial Highlights

Directors, Secretary and Advisers

Chairman’s Statement

Strategic Report 

Directors' Report

Corporate Governance

Remuneration Report

Nomination Committee Report

Audit Committee Report

Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of Churchill China plc

Consolidated Income Statement  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2023

Company Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2023

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Company Statement of Changes in Equity  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Net Cash Inflow  
from Operating Activities

Notes to the Financial Statements  
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Five Year Financial Record

02

04

05

06

10

25

29

31

38

39

40

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

74

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Five Year Performance

Revenue (£m) 

£82.3m   £0.2m

*Operating Profit (£m) 

£10.3m   £1.2m

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

82.5

82.3

67.5

60.8

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

82.5

82.3

67.5

60.8

36.4

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

11.2

10.3

9.1

11.2

10.3

9.1

16.7

6.1

0.9

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2.5

6.1

0.9

20

15

10

5

0

10.1

11.1

12.4

10.1

11.1

6.0

10.8

9.1

16.7

20

15

10

5

0

11.2

12.4

12

10

8

6

4

2

11.2

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2.5

0.8

2019

2020

2021

2022

0

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

0.8

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

10.8

9.1

2020

42%

36%

11%

11%

6.0

2021

••%

••%

••%

••%

UK

EU

North

America

ROW

2020

2021

42%

36%

11%

11%

2020

47%

53%

••%

••%

••%

••%

2021

ROW

••%

••%

UK

EU

North

America

Value Added Sales

Standard Sales

2020

2021

47%

53%

••%

••%

Value Added Sales

Standard Sales

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

82.5

82.3

82.5

82.3

11.2

10.3

9.1

11.2

10.3

9.1

16.7

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

67.5

60.8

67.5

60.8

36.4

36.4

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6.1

6.1

10.1

11.1

12.4

0.9

0.9

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2.5

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

*Operating Margin (%) 

12.4%   1.3%

*Profit before Income Tax (£m)  £10.8m   £1.7m

20

15

10

5

0

16.7

2.5

10.1

11.1

12.4

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

* Excluding exceptional items.

Other Highlights

11.2

10.8

9.1

6.0

0.8

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

•  Adjusted basic EPS* increased to 70.2p (2022: 66.9p)

•  Cash generated from operations £8.3m (2022: £4.9m) – significant levels of capital expenditure, focused on improving productivity and yields.

•  Total cash and financial assets of £13.9m (2022: £14.7m)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

11.2

10.8

9.1

2020

2021

6.0

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

••%

42%

36%

11%

11%

42%

36%

11%

11%

47%

53%

UK

EU

North

America

ROW

2020

2021

UK

EU

North

America

ROW

2020

2021

2020

Value Added Sales

Standard Sales

2021

47%

53%

••%

••%

Value Added Sales

Standard Sales

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0.8

36.4

20

15

10

5

0

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  03

“ 

The Company 
continues to deliver 
on its strategy of 
delivering a quality, 
differentiated product.”

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Financial Highlights

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Revenue

Operating profit before exceptional items

Exceptional items
Operating profit
Net finance income / (cost)
Profit before exceptional items and income tax
Exceptional items
Profit before income tax

Dividends paid

Key ratios
Operating margin before exceptional items
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and exceptional items (£000)
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (£000)
Adjusted basic earnings per share*
Basic earnings per share
Interim dividend per share paid
Final dividend per share proposed

2023
£’000

82,339

10,252

-
10,252
536
10,788
-
10,788

3,519

12.4%
13,762
13,762
70.2p
70.2p
11.0p
25.0p

2022
£’000

82,528

9,142

547
9,689
(88)
9,054
547
9,601

3,062

11.1%
12,125
12,672
66.9p
71.7p
10.5p
21.0p

Operating margin before exceptional items is calculated as operating profit before exceptional items as a percentage of revenue.

*Adjusted basic earnings per share are calculated after deduction of the post-tax effect of exceptional items.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  05

Directors, Secretary and 
Advisers

Executive Directors
D M O’Connor
J A Roper
M Cunningham 

Non-Executive Directors
R G W Williams (Chairman) +
B M Hynes * •+
J M Moore *•+
C J Stephens * •+ 
M K Payne* •+

Company Secretary and Registered Office
M T Sinclair ACA
No.1, Marlborough Way
Tunstall
Stoke-on-Trent
Staffordshire
ST6 5NZ

*  Member of the Audit Committee
•  Member of the Remuneration Committee
+  Member of the Nomination Committee

Independent Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
One Chamberlain Square 
Birmingham
B3 3AX

Bankers
Lloyds Bank plc
8th Floor
40 Spring Gardens
Manchester
M2 1EN

Solicitors
Addleshaw Goddard
One St Peter’s Square
Manchester
M2 3DE

Stockbrokers and Advisers
Investec Bank plc 
30 Gresham St 
London
EC2V 7QP

Registrars
Equiniti
Aspect House
Spencer Road
Lancing
West Sussex
BN99 6ZX

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Chairman’s
Statement

“

The Company continues to deliver on its strategy of delivering a quality, differentiated 
product and with a service level unmatched in the industry. All this whilst generating 
sustainable, growing returns for investors.”

Operational and commercial performance 
I am pleased to report that the Company made good progress in the 
year and delivered on the Board’s profit expectations. This was despite 
tough macro-economic headwinds, which have significantly impacted 
the hospitality, consumer and retail sectors. Whilst profit before tax at 
£10.8m (2022: profit before tax and exceptional expenses £9.1m) has 
grown by an impressive 18.7%, this has been achieved despite broadly 
flat revenues compared with 2022. This impressive growth has come 
through strong operating margins, driven by a focus during the year on 
factory performance.

Our end customer, the hospitality market, has been undergoing major 
upheaval, with significant input cost increases in labour, energy and 
food, leading to a reduction in capital expenditure by the major pub 
and restaurant groups. This has impacted rollouts of new installations of 
tableware, but has also suppressed demand, particularly in H2 through 
closures of outlets, including some at the higher end.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Chairman’s
Statement

Our excellent performance in 2023 however highlights the Company’s 
strength in its core markets and the importance of our unique business 
model which relies on repeat replenishment business driven by high 
levels of customer service, which includes very short delivery times. 
The Company has continued to further invest in this key strength of our 
business throughout the year by building stock, in most cases allowing 
same day dispatch.

farewell to David Taylor as CFO after over 30 years with the Company 
and to my predecessor Alan McWalter. We have also welcomed Martin 
Payne as Non-Executive Director, replacing Brendan Hynes who leaves 
the Board at the AGM after 10 years on the Board. Martin will become 
Senior Independent Director and Audit Committee Chair following this 
results announcement. We have also welcomed Michael Cunningham as 
our new CFO during 2023.

We have continued to make progress in returning our manufacturing 
yields to approaching pre-pandemic levels and this has been a strong 
contributor to the operating margin improvement. We invested heavily 
in equipment for improved efficiency during the year and continuing this 
productivity journey remains the focus. We aim to continue improving our 
operations and advance towards our profitability targets during 2024.

Employees
Our employees at all levels have shown great commitment and skill to 
achieve the results of 2023. We have needed considerable flexibility in 
our operations as we adjusted to the varying levels of demand in the 
year. We thank all employees for their dedication and continued loyalty 
to Churchill China.

Dividend
We are pleased to propose a final dividend of 25.0p per share, giving a 
total dividend of 36.0p per share for the year, a 14.3% increase on the 
31.5p paid in relation to 2022. The final dividend will be payable on  
17 June 2024 to shareholders on the register on 17 May 2024.  
The dividend is in line with our policy of growing returns to shareholders 
whilst ensuring that dividend payments are not risky or excessive, and 
reflects our ongoing confidence in the progress of the business.

Growing the future
The Company strategy has always been to deliver sustainable and 
steady growth in areas where we have a good market understanding 
and the opportunity to build scale through innovation and differentiation 
across our product range. The Company will continue its growth in 
export, particularly in Europe which has become our largest market and 
where we see significant opportunities for further sales expansion. We 
also selectively review other markets for growth opportunities. 

We intend to continue our £4m-£5m per annum capital expenditure 
programme which is factory-focused on long term productivity and 
process improvement, as well as energy efficiency and product 
sustainability, placing the Company in the right place for the future.

Board changes
I joined the Board of Churchill China in 2022, and we announced our 
succession activities in the Annual Report last year. These included 
my assuming the role of Chairman at the 2023 AGM and also bidding 

Environmental, Social and Governance (‘ESG’)
Our approach to ESG has moved forward substantially over the year. 
The senior management focus outlined in last year’s report has allowed 
the development of our broad strategy and the identification of short-, 
medium- and long-term actions supporting our continued progress. As a 
major energy user and large employer much of our work has focused on 
the Environment and Social pillars, but we have also made good progress 
in all our areas of focus.

In relation to our energy footprint, we have initiated a number of projects 
which have given us a much clearer idea of how we may move towards 
Net Zero over the longer term. These initiatives should deliver benefits that 
will deliver steady progress towards our sustainability objectives.

Outlook 
We have delivered an improvement in operating profit and margins 
during the year despite flat revenues and strong headwinds particularly in 
our hospitality markets. Volumes were down year on year, driven by softer 
demand in the second half of 2023. We believe this trend will continue 
into the first half of 2024 and the first quarter of 2024 has seen demand 
as expected. We are confident that the continuous improvement in 
our product range and market position, backed up by our ongoing 
investment programme, has placed the Company in a strong position to 
take advantage of a market recovering from current weakness, which 
we expect to see in the second half of 2024.

Robin G.W. Williams 
Chairman 
9 April 2024

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 
Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2022 

  09
  09

“ We have delivered 
an improvement in 
operating profit and 
margins during the 
year.”

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

The Directors present their Strategic Report for the Group for the year 
ended 31 December 2023. 

Principal activities
Churchill China is a UK based manufacturer of performance tableware 
primarily supplying into the hospitality sector. Utilising a high-performance 
vitreous body the Company leverages its technical advantages to 
deliver superb value in use and value for money to its end users.

In addition to the supply of tableware the Group supplies the majority of 
the UK pottery industry with materials for the manufacture of ceramics. 
The Group utilises its extensive technical abilities to supply high quality 
body materials, glaze and colour. 

Business model
The Group supplies customers worldwide with a range of high-
performance tabletop products primarily ceramic tableware. Most of 
these revenues come from our UK manufacturing facilities although we 
do supplement these with some outsourced products. 

We focus primarily on the hospitality sector which generates most of our 
revenues. This focus is driven by the attractiveness of the sector, with 
revenues seen as long term, recurring and, whilst vulnerable to short term 
economic fluctuations, reasonably stable. 

The market is highly fragmented and so our strategy of identifying strong, 
in-territory distributors to work with, allows us to deliver to a wide range of 
customers. From large chains through to small independent restaurants 
we are perfectly placed to offer innovative product and design to give a 
competitive, differentiated advantage to our customers.

The growth strategy for the Company is to focus on those areas currently 
underserved by our competitors with regards to customer service. Our 
ability to fulfil customer orders, in the vast majority of cases, in under 48 
hours gives us a significant competitive advantage.

Culture and Values
As a Company with a long history, our values are well defined. Innovation, 
cooperation, uncompromising customer service, trust and honesty are 
the core values that drive our behaviours on a day-to-day basis. 

Our decision making is based on taking decisions that are aligned with 
adding long term value to our shareholders, whilst being mindful of our 
responsibilities to our wider stakeholders.

The business culture is driven by the Executive leadership team and 
hinges on openness and giving our colleagues the space to develop 
and grow. While there are controls in place to protect the business, 
colleagues are given the space to make decisions without fear of failure. 
The average term of service of our staff is 11.1 years and we believe 
this highlights our ability to create a good working environment for our 
colleagues.

The Board believe that this approach allows our colleagues to become 
the leaders of the future by developing their skills and abilities.

Finally, the Company engages on multiple levels with our customers, 
engaging at an early stage of the design process to get the market view 
of proposed products, and delivering on our promise of “performance 
delivered”.

Business environment
Hospitality markets across the world have performed below expectations 
in 2023. There have been well documented pressures on consumer 
spending during the year, driven by high inflation and consequently 
increased interest rate environment. Despite this our market position 
has continued to develop and our research suggests that we have 
continued to increase market share in a reduced overall market. The 
summer period, particularly in the UK, was a lacklustre trading period. 
Poor weather and the lack of specific cultural activities lead to a poor 
trading environment for the hospitality sector although a stronger Q4 did 
materialise. 

Sales volumes during the year were down from 2022, however the 
price increases implemented in 2022 fed through to deliver broadly flat 
revenues for the year. The main weaknesses were in the UK and Rest of 
the World, with Europe remaining in line with expectations.

Our Materials business, Furlong Mills, which produces ceramic bodies 
from raw materials, has performed well in the year as both Churchill and 
the wider ceramics industry increased stocks.

We have held prices during the year after 2022’s increases, utilising 
improvements in energy pricing and efficiencies to compensate for 
other input price inflation. Only a modest rise has been implemented in 
2024 despite continuing input cost headwinds such as the £1.1m cost of 
increased National Living Wage increment.

During the year we delivered over 500 additional SKU’s of new product, 
taking our product portfolio to over 3500 SKU’s following 2 years of 
reduced development activity post COVID and our intention is to 
continue delivering more innovation, differentiation and growth in the 
coming year.

Promoting the success of the Company 
It is the duty of the Directors under s172 of the Companies Act 2006 
to promote the long-term success of the Company to the benefit of 
members as a whole and acting fairly with regard for the interests of 
other stakeholders in the business. 

Other stakeholders include employees, customers, suppliers, our pension 
fund members, our local and the wider community, government, and 
other regulatory bodies.

Further information on these areas may be found in the Environmental, 
Social and Governance section on page 15 later in the Annual Report.

Churchill has been in existence since 1795 and always taken a long-
term approach to business, particularly in relation to investment and in 
understanding the opportunities open to us and the risks to which we 
are exposed. To operate a successful and sustainable business model 
it is necessary to ensure that all the contributors to the success of the 
business understand their place within it and feel that the Company 
operates ethically and fairly in its dealings with them.

The Board has regard to the interests of all stakeholders in its discussions 
and reaches balanced decisions with the sustainability of the business 
uppermost in its considerations. Churchill maintains a financial model 
that is aligned with this objective such that capital allocation decisions, 
where possible, do not unfairly prioritise the interests of one group of 
stakeholders over others. The Board is aware of the need to support 
regular revenue and capital investment in the development of our 
business, and we orientate our operations accordingly. 

We aim to deliver well designed, performance products and outstanding 
service at appropriate price levels to our customers. At the same time, 
we acknowledge that to meet these levels of customer service we are 
reliant upon good relationships with a well-motivated workforce and fair 
and balanced relationships with a range of suppliers. We understand 
that we have a responsibility to pay appropriate levels of taxation and 
to support the future pensions of our scheme members. We consider our 
dividend policy carefully in the light of the overall needs of the business 
and the interests of other stakeholders. Our policy is formulated to ensure 
that dividend payments are not excessive in relation to profits and do 
not introduce excessive levels of risk in relation to the sustainability of the 
business.

Churchill aims to manage its effect on our local community and the 
environment. We have engaged with the community on an ongoing 
basis through charitable and educational support. The business operates 
several initiatives aimed at minimising our waste products, recycling 
waste where possible and in the reduction of our energy usage and 
carbon footprint. We have made several investments and process 
changes to reduce our use of energy. 

The business has regular contact with our workforce through both 
formal and informal mechanisms. The scale of our business and our 
open culture allows the Board and management to engage with our 
employees on a day-to-day basis and employees are encouraged to 
raise issues. We have a recognised trade union representing most of our 
weekly paid employees and we meet regularly with their representatives. 
However, we believe that other initiatives including on site briefings, 
communication boards and regular news updates provide the most 
important means of engaging with our workforce. We believe that our 
workforce is engaged and motivated.

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  11

“ We have invested 
heavily in equipment 
for improved efficiency 
during the year.”

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

We meet with suppliers on a regular basis to provide information in 
relation to our forward plans and review performance. As in other 
elements of our business we enjoy long standing relationships with most 
of our suppliers. On average we pay suppliers within 35 days (2022: 35 
days) of invoice. We believe our suppliers regard Churchill as a good 
customer. 

The Board consults regularly with shareholders through formal meetings, 
company visits and informal discussions. 

Voting on resolutions at the 2023 Annual General Meeting was largely 
positive with over 96% of votes cast being in favour of the resolutions put 
to the meeting. The Board reviews voting carefully after each Annual 
General Meeting.

Resources and relationships
Our key resources remain our employees and customers, our technical 
and business skills, our long heritage of manufacturing and willingness to 
embrace new methods to deliver an outstanding service. 

One of the key elements of our sustainable market advantage is the 
success of our innovation process. We have developed this process to 
research and identify market trends and design new products to satisfy 
these trends.

Churchill, along with other UK manufacturers, has a significant technical 
advantage in the nature of the product we offer to our markets. Our 
product offers significant benefits in terms of durability and overall 
lifetime cost to users. This technical advantage has been developed over 
many years and we hold significant intellectual property in our materials 
and processes. 

The Group operates from two sites in Stoke on Trent, England, a 
leading centre for ceramic excellence worldwide. This gives us access 
to key suppliers, technical support and experienced staff. Our main 
manufacturing plant and logistics facilities have benefitted from 
significant and regular long-term investment to improve our business’s 
efficiency and effectiveness. We also operate from several smaller 
locations and representative offices around the world.

Our employees also give us significant advantage. We believe we 
recruit, retain, and develop high quality individuals at all levels within 
the business who contribute towards the success and growth of the 
Company and maintain our core values. We have maintained our 
investment in training and development to provide more fulfilling 
roles for our staff and improve the effectiveness and productivity of 
our workforce. The recruitment difficulties and impact on efficiency 
experienced during 2022 demonstrates the effectiveness of our core 
employee base and we have continued to implement a number of 
initiatives to both develop and reward our colleagues to the benefit of 
both them and the business.

We have long standing relationships with our customers. Whilst many of 
these are not contractual, we continue to supply the same customers 
year after year with products that meet their requirements. Our 
customers value our technical ability, our service and our commitment to 
high quality design and innovation.

Churchill has long enjoyed a market leading reputation for service. Our 
operational plans are geared towards meeting high levels of on time 
delivery both in the UK and overseas. We hold extensive inventories to 
meet these service requirements and have emphasised flexibility and 
responsiveness within our manufacturing process.

Strategy
The Group’s objective is to generate long term benefits to all 
stakeholders in the business by the efficient provision of value to 
customers through excellence in design, quality and service.

We aim to increase value we provide to our stakeholders through steady 
increments to sales and margins, through alignment of our cost base with 
profit opportunities and a focus on cash generation.

Our long-term aim is to build our presence in markets offering sustainable 
levels of revenue and profitability. For several years this has led us 
towards development of our position in hospitality markets worldwide.

Innovation remains important to support our ambition to develop our 
business. We have invested significant resource in new staff and flexible 
technology to increase our capability in this area. It is a key strategic 

aim to design products that meet our end users’ requirements in terms 
of performance, shape and surface design. Our target markets require 
products that are aesthetically appealing whilst also performing to 
appropriate customer and technical standards.

We understand that quality must exist throughout our business process. 
Quality is reflected not only in the appearance of our product but in its 
design, its technical performance and in the systems which support the 
fulfilment of our contract with our customers. We invest to maintain the 
performance of our products and to extend our capabilities. 

Customer service remains a major part of our strategy and the fulfilment 
of customer expectations is critical to the maintenance of good 
relationships. Our production and logistics facilities have been designed 
to balance efficiency and flexibility within manufacturing to ensure that 
we can respond quickly to unexpected demand levels and to meet 
ambitious on time, in full, delivery targets. We invest regularly in these 
facilities to maintain a market leading position in customer service.

Business model
Our business model is designed to allow us to identify markets where we 
may profitably grow our revenues on a sustainable long-term basis. We 
research customer product requirements and distribution structures in new 
markets and, if they offer profit opportunities, invest to generate revenue, 
margin and ultimately a return for the business and our stakeholders. 

We continue to expect short to medium term growth to be weighted 
towards export markets and particularly Europe, where we have a 
developing distribution structure.

Our target remains to deliver progressive increases in the proportion 
of added value products within our business. We invest steadily in 
increasing our production capability and in improving our ability to offer 
added value to our customers. This involves investment in new product 
development as well as capital expenditure on productive capacity. We 
expect to continue to invest for the long term in our UK manufacturing 
facilities.

As a major energy user, we have recognised and acknowledged the 
importance to our future operations of reducing our energy consumption 
substantially. We have commenced a long-term process to develop 
several initiatives to meet forward energy targets. A number of these 
initiatives are underway. We are pleased with the potential impact from 
these actions but recognise that this is a long-term process requiring 
continuing focus. 

As our business develops, we need different skills and a core part of our 
model is to train, develop and recruit staff to meet these requirements.

Performance
A more detailed report on our performance is contained in the Financial 
Statement on page 74. 

Operationally the business has performed well, driving efficiencies 
into the production process, and improving underlying profitability. 
This has been tempered by the prevailing market conditions and 
macroeconomic headwinds. 

Revenue levels have been maintained due to the actions taken by the 
Company, with a focus on yield and efficiency improvement, and gross 
margin levels have continued to improve as the business has resolved 
many of its staffing issues. During the year the Company’s headcount of 
full-time employees increased, however this disguises the fact that the 
number of staff working in the factory, including agency staff, reduced 
by 136. This has enabled the Company to operate at better efficiency 
levels, particularly in the second half of the year.

The business has continued to make progress against its strategic targets 
with further market share growth in Europe, albeit on a slightly contracted 
market. 

The main focus of the business in 2023 was to significantly improve the 
level of customer service and return to historic levels of delivery. To this 
end the Company increased stock to significantly higher levels and 
reduced order books back to levels not seen since 2019.

The Company also made significant progress in reversing the slowdown 
in new product development that occurred during the pandemic and 
subsequent period. 2023 saw the introduction of our largest product 
launch with over 500 SKU’s launched.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  13

This has continued our progress towards product differentiation within 
our product range and has been backed up by further expansion of our 
distribution network.

invested in additional stocks of raw materials. We have increased our 
capital expenditure programme supporting our long-term business plan. 

Whilst markets have been under pressure from rapidly increasing input 
costs the evidence still points to a bright future for the eating out market. 
End users are reporting strong sales levels, albeit on reduced margins, 
and are forecasting easing pressures on cost inflation.

Our Materials business, Furlong Mills, has performed well during the year 
with its revenue and profitability increasing as the UK ceramics industry 
recovered. Raw material cost rises have largely been recovered from 
customers. The business has also contributed strongly to the technical 
development of our Hospitality product.

Overall cash and deposit balances have reduced marginally over the 
year, due to the aforementioned stock build and our normal investment 
in capital expenditure, although we continue to enjoy a strong cash 
position. Working capital has increased as inventories grew, and we 

The Group’s defined benefit pension scheme position continued to 
improve during the year and the trustees have taken action to protect 
this position by hedging for inflation and interest rates. The Group has 
assessed the recoverability of the net asset arising from the scheme 
surplus and considers that, based on the Trust Deed and Scheme rules, 
the surplus would be recoverable on cessation of the scheme.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
Following the framework established in 2022 our ESG Committee, 
comprised of Executive Directors and Senior Management, have 
continued to develop our approach and further embed the ESG 
objectives and actions into our business planning. The ESG Committee 
and subcommittee working parties have continued to make good 
progress against the areas identified.

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14 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

The ESG Committee has been focusing on the identification of the 
longer-term pressures that will affect the business in both the medium 
term through to 2030 and trying to identify potential longer-term issues 
through to 2050. Whilst these timeframes naturally mean that there is a 
significant level of uncertainty in any issues identified, this strategy aligns 
with the Company’s long-term approach to business. 

The Group’s total use of energy grew by 27% as production levels 
increased, however as a result of the increases in volume the business 
has been able to operate at more energy efficient levels. In addition, 
we have seen some benefit from the progressive implementation of 
the energy initiatives introduced in the year to improve efficiency and 
extend generation.

We use a significant amount of energy in our processes, and this is an 
area of strategic focus of the business. Substantial progress has been 
made in identifying efficiency, recovery, and generation initiatives across 
our operations. We have researched proven and emerging technologies 
to assess how these can potentially combine to a path to Net Zero, 
whilst maintaining the performance characteristics of the technically 
differentiated and durable product that we manufacture. This process 
has included the initiation of a number of research projects in relation to 
our materials and processes, contribution to industry initiatives and use of 
specialist advice from suppliers and other experts.

The business employs over 700 people across two manufacturing sites 
who work predominantly in an industrial environment. Our Health and 
Safety procedures and systems have continued to manage what is an 
important area for the business. Of particular focus has been our Furlong 
Mills site which we acquired in 2019 and we are pleased that for the first 
time, after a significant effort to improve, we have had no accidents 
across the business at all levels.

Our Governance procedures have been subject to ongoing review and 
particularly in supporting the demonstrable independence of our Non-
Executive Directors under the QCA Code. Whilst we do not believe there 
has been any significant risk to shareholders, we have acted to increase 
the number of independent Non-Executive Directors on our Board, 
making one appointment in February 2023 and a further appointment 
in January 2024. In addition, following the publishing of the new QCA 
code in late 2023, the Board have decided to early adopt one of the 
changes and begin placing all Directors up for annual election. We have 
continued to develop and implement the Board succession planning 
process and this will remain under constant review. 

During 2023 the Board carried out an internal evaluation of its 
effectiveness. No significant issues were highlighted and again the Board 
will continue with this process.

The Company continues to operate a business model which is focused 
on long term sustainable success, delivering returns to all stakeholders. 
We will continue to develop and evolve our ESG agenda and over 
time, will translate our goals and objectives into a published reporting 
framework, with benchmarks, key performance indicators and our 
progress against them. The following tables identify and update our goals 
and actions to achieve them.

Energy and Carbon Reporting
As a business we have recognised the effect of our operations on 
the environment and the importance of managing and reducing this 
impact. We understand that we use significant amounts of energy as it is 
central to the manufacture of our product. 

However, we are also clear that we make ceramic tableware that is 
highly durable and may be safely re-used many thousands of times. 

Further details in relation to other aspects of our environmental 
performance may be found later in the Annual Report commencing on 
page 15.

We have a dedicated process aimed at reducing our use of energy. This 
process has several points of focus, and it is an important part of both our 
strategic planning and operational management.

The following information is produced in accordance with the 
Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting requirements.

Tonnes of CO2
Scope 1 Direct

Scope 2 Indirect

Total

2023 
Base

2023 
REGO

2022 
Base

2022 
REGO

 13,496 

 13,496 

13,728

13,728

 3,031 

 659 

3,012

632

 16,527 

 14,155 

16,740

14,360

Intensity Metric: Scope 1 & 2 per 
metric tonne of raw material input

Total UK energy Consumption 
(MWh)

 0.57 

 0.49 

0.55

0.48

88,930

88,930

90,651

90,651

Total energy consumed during 2023 contains 179,000 KwH of energy 
generated through solar arrays at our Marlborough site, to which no CO2 
emissions are attributable. We expect this level of generation to increase 
substantially during 2024.

The above information reflects data from the business’ UK facilities and 
vehicles which represent substantially all the Group’s operations.

*  REGO (Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin, or green tariff) data above adjusts 
CO2 figures for the effect of the move of the Group’s sites to the use of electricity 
from renewable sources with effect from October 2021 for the Sandyford site and 
October 2022 for the Furlong site.

Financial Review
Revenues during the year were broadly flat at £82.3m (2022: £82.5m). 
Revenues were held due to price increases which flowed through from 
2022, however sales volumes were down by 12%. Volume reduction was 
seen across all markets with the Rest of the World, down 25%, and UK, 
down 17%. Pleasantly Europe continued to show a robust performance.

Revenue (£m)

Ceramics

External Materials 
sales

Total

UK

Export

Total

2023

74.2

8.1

82.3

34.0

48.3

82.3

2022

75.3

7.2

82.5

33.2

49.3

82.5

Change

-1.5%

12.5%

-0.2%

2.4%

-2.0%

-0.2%

As previously reported the gross margins in the Company have 
continued to improve during the period. Year on year the Company 
has significantly reduced its reliance on agency staffing in the factory, 
preferring to transition the best of these into the permanent cohort with 
the attendant improvements in productivity, efficiency, and production 
yields this delivers. As a result, overall staffing in the factory has reduced 
by 136 with the impact of this visible in the operating margin.

Profit before tax rose by £1.2m to £10.8m driven by this factory 
improvement and in addition yields have returned to pre-pandemic 
levels in areas of the factory, albeit with slightly more variability than 
previously observed.

Adjusted basic earnings per share before exceptional income was 70.2p 
(2022: 66.9p). 

Reported profit after exceptional items but before income tax was 
£10.8m (2022: £9.6m).

Basic earnings per share, after exceptional items, was 70.2p (2022: 71.7p), 
this reduction in EPS was driven by higher corporation tax rates as well as 
timing differences on completion of capital expenditure during the year. 

The Company has, unusually, had a year of cash outflow. This has been 
driven by significant capital expenditure of £5.3m (2022: £4.7m) which 
has been primarily focused on improving productivity and yields in the 
factory rather than increasing capacity. We also focused on increasing 
our stock holdings in our UK, European and North American fulfilment 
centres by £6.0m in order to increase customer service levels in market. 
Stock in Furlong Mills was decreased by £1.4m as we ran down supplies 
of a previously stockpiled material, this stock is now being run down 
to normal levels. A payment of dividends totalling £3.5m and pension 
contributions of £1.8m (2022: £1.8m) also contributed to the level of 
outflows.

Following the three-year actuarial valuation of the Company pension 
scheme, the fund is expected to show a surplus of assets over liabilities. 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  15

Dividend
We are pleased to propose a final dividend of 25.0p per share, giving 
a total dividend of 36.0p per share for the year, a 14% increase on the 
31.5p paid in relation to 2022. This dividend will be payable on 17 June 
2024 to shareholders on the register on 17 May 2024. The dividend is in 
line with our policy of growing returns to shareholders and reflects our 
ongoing confidence in the progress of the business. 

Business
The business has performed well during the year, meeting its internal 
targets on yield improvements. This has brought the underlying 
performance of the business back towards pre-pandemic levels. 

The first half of the year was framed by continuing issues around the 
previously communicated staffing issues, however these started to in 
ease in Q3 and by year end the Company had made significant inroads 
to the reduction of agency staff in the business. 

Demand in Q3 was weak with both the UK and Europe showing low 
order volumes. Q4 did however follow the usual trends and significantly 
outperformed Q3, even if still at a lower level than 2022.

Ceramics
Hospitality sales were flat for the year, highlighting the difficult market 
that our customers are operating in. Profitability was however much 
improved as production levels enabled a build back to expected 
levels of stock. As a result, customer service levels have returned to 
pre-pandemic status, with over 90 % of orders completed within two 
days, including shipments fulfilled from our European and US distribution 
centres.

We continue with our growth strategy of targeting export markets where 
we have low existing market share, and which have the most opportunity 
for expansion. Despite a slowdown in Q3 the Company is confident that 
market share has been expanded in a tightening environment, leaving 
us perfectly placed to take advantage when volumes return.

The year saw a continuation of the price pressures that impacted 
profitability in 2022. An across the board pay award of 10% was 
applied in April to counter the inflation pressures affecting many of 
our colleagues. In addition, due to a risk-off strategy of hedging for 12 
months forward, that the Company continues to apply, it was only in 
the second half of the year that the Company started to see a positive 
impact from reducing energy input costs. 

Added value sales continued to be a major part of the Company’s 
revenue, however whilst replacement sales have continued at previous 
levels the number of installations has decreased as customers have 
delayed investments due to interest rates and a marked focus on debt 
reduction within the bigger groups. Much of the preparatory work 
has been done on many of these projects and again the Company is 
confident of securing many of these once the economic environment 
improves.

Retail sales continue to be an area of minimal focus and amounted to 
1.7% of sales (2022: 2.9%)

Materials
Furlong Mills continues to perform strongly with sales of £14.7m (2022: 
£13.5m) an increase of 8.8% over 2022. During the year the focus at 
Furlong has been the improvement of operations, particularly in the 
area of Health and Safety, which has been an area of focus since the 
acquisition. In the year the Company has had zero accidents showing a 
massive improvement from the pre-acquisition period.

Operations
As previously noted, 2023 has shown a marked improvement in 
production, with yields at key stages in our process returning to levels 
approaching. Production levels have been much improved on 2022 
allowing significant increases in stock holding.

The numbers of temporary staff within the business has reduced steadily 
and the skills and capability of our core workforce has improved 
progressively as experience levels increase and our training programme 
delivers returns. Capital expenditure of £5.4m has primarily focussed on 
delivery of productivity projects, a long-term focus of the business going 
forward. 

During the year the Company commissioned 4,500 solar panels, 
delivering circa 1 MW of energy. During August 2023 this project 
delivered all the energy for the site and delivered feed-in tariffs for a 5 
day period.

The Company continues to take a risk off approach to energy hedging. 
The Company assessment is that with future energy prices already below 
forecasts and showing savings against 2023 the opportunity for upside 
is minimal whilst downside risk, given the current geopolitical situation, 
is significantly higher. We have therefore hedged at significant levels 
through to Q2 2025 to lock in this position. 

Environmental, Social and Governance (‘ESG’)
ESG remains an important part of the culture of Churchill China. As a high 
energy use Company and one of the largest employers in the Stoke-on-
Trent area we are aware of our responsibilities to the wider community 
and have made this a part of our DNA.

The Company’s strategy is to, where possible, ensure that doing the 
right thing works for both ESG and for the bottom line. As a result, the 
Company’s ESG strategy is focused on reducing the reliance on fossil 
fuels by using renewable sources of energy production along with new 
technology to reduce the actual usage of energy. These actions are only 
taken where there is a clear fit with the Company’s investment strategy 
and where returns are clearly defined. During the year the Company 
finalised the installation of 4,000 solar panels at the factory which will 
deliver up to 25% of the site’s electricity requirement during peak months. 

Our approach to ESG has moved forward substantially over the year. 
The senior management focus outlined in last year’s report has allowed 
the development of our broad strategy and the identification of short-, 
medium- and long-term actions supporting our forward progress. As a 
major energy user and large employer much of our work has focused 
on the Environment and Social pillars, but we have made progress in all 
areas of our focus. 

In relation to our energy footprint, we have initiated a number of projects 
which have given us a much clearer idea of how we may move towards 
Net Zero over the longer term. These initiatives should deliver benefits 
that will deliver steady progress towards our sustainability objectives. Our 
approach is based on a combination of improved energy efficiency in 
the manufacture of our product and increased sustainable generation. 
Importantly we believe that significant improvements can be made 
through the reformulation of the materials we use and changes in 
our production processes to allow manufacture using substantially 
less energy input. We are working on a number of research and 
development projects in this area utilising our own technical staff, 
external experts and suppliers. 

We have also implemented a number of initiatives in relation to our 
workforce and our engagement with our local community. We have 
always prioritised training and development of our workforce and 
we have continued to invest in this area. Future plans emphasise the 
improvement of our employee’s working environment. 

We believe that our Governance procedures remain appropriate for 
a business of our scale and structure but, in common with other areas 
of our business, they must follow a process of continuous improvement. 
A substantial amount of work has been carried out in relation to the 
development and implementation of a succession plan for the Board 
and senior management, a summary of this is set out on pages 16 and 17. 

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16 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

Principal risks and uncertainties
The Group’s operations are subject to a number of risks, which 
are formally reviewed by the Board in a regular and systematic 
manner. The risks are identified and assessed on the basis of the 
likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the impact on the 
Group’s business model and strategy. The Group then implement 
processes and controls to appropriately manage and mitigate 
these risks. The principal business risks currently affecting the Group 
are set out below:

1.
Identify

5.
Review

2.
Scale

4.
Mitigate 

3.
Document 

Risk
Market and Business 
Environment Change

Risk  

Change Risk Description

=

The Group operates in dynamic markets where there have been significant recent changes to trading and 
economic conditions, distribution channels within each market and product requirements in these markets. 
The Group actively manages its market exposure and profitability, but risks losing revenue if we do not 
anticipate and respond to market trends and risks.

People

Manufacturing and 
Supply Chain

=

=

The risk inherent in each market is offset by regular review of market conditions and forecasts, the relatively 
broad spread of our operations in geographic terms and by a widening portfolio of products to serve 
different segments of these markets. We are actively developing new geographic markets and introducing 
new product ranges. As we enter new markets this introduces new risks to the Group although it does also 
diversify our overall market exposure and reliance on existing products.

The Company also evaluates its pricing strategy on a regular basis to ensure that, whilst maximising returns, 
the Company does not impact its competitive position in the marketplace. 

The Company mitigates these pricing risks through detailed market mapping, competitor reviews and 
regular order level reviews.

Our business depends upon the skills and knowledge of a number of people at all levels within our 
operation and within supplier companies. Certain of these skills and experience may only be acquired 
through extensive training and experience and it is possible that they may not be available through 
the recruitment of new employees in the future. We aim to limit this risk through the establishment of 
appropriate manpower and succession planning, identifying training, development and recruitment needs.

As a substantial employer and manufacturer we need to comply with extensive Health and Safety 
requirements. We limit the risks associated with Health and Safety through the application of appropriate 
systems, regular review at Board, management and operational levels, training and investment in risk 
mitigation.

Over 85% of our revenues are of products manufactured in our UK facilities. Whilst this provides a high 
quality and effective source of products it exposes us to risk in the case of the potential loss of availability of 
part or all of our facilities for an extended period. Additionally we may be exposed to risk through the loss 
of a key supplier or material. This risk is controlled through our risk review process, management procedures, 
appropriate investment and ultimately insurance arrangements.

We have augmented our UK production facilities with a range of third party suppliers. The use of these 
suppliers exposes us to risks in relation to interruption to supply and changes in cost structures arising from 
economic or regulatory change. We manage this risk by diversifying our sources.

As a major user of energy within our production process we have an exposure to changes in availability 
and price of gas and electricity. Energy price hedging strategies may expose us to counterparty risk. 
Progressive legislation in relation to energy usage and carbon footprint reduction may also affect our 
operations.

We have developed a forward energy strategy to reduce our overall carbon intensity in the medium term. 
We seek to control and mitigate this risk through management of our overall energy consumption, small 
scale investment in sustainable energy generation and energy recovery systems. 

We also assess the impact of new technologies in our manufacturing process. Where new developments 
have the potential to impact on either our commercial position or cost competitiveness we develop 
appropriate plans to respond to these changes.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  17

Risk
Environmental Risk

Risk  

Change Risk Description

The rapidly changing regulatory environment creates a level of uncertainty and risk. At present there are 
expectations that there will be a level of equivalency between EU and UK legislation which should protect 
the Company within our largest market, however there is the potential for the introduction of levies to 
negatively impact the Company’s ability to generate revenue.

At present there remains little revenue risk to the business however the Company is assessing alternative 
solutions.

We mitigate these risks, where controllable, through management review and action. 

Manufacturing Capital 
Equipment

=

The Company has historically made excellent use of assets and has a purchasing and maintenance 
process that has ensured that much of the Company’s capital equipment is well maintained and delivers 
value well past its expected life.

This leaves the Company open to the risk of ageing capital equipment, reliant on single suppliers which 
may impact the production process.

The Company mitigates this risk by allocating a significant portion of free cash flow to the continued 
purchase and replacement of key equipment and also by ensuring that the skills necessary for the 
maintenance of this equipment is brought in house to minimise reliance on external suppliers.

Cyber Security

=

Our business uses information technology to manage our operations and deliver value. We continue to 
take appropriate steps to secure our systems from failure or malicious action.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

Non-Financial and Sustainability Information Statement
The Company is required to make the recommended disclosures by sections 414CA and 414CB of the Companies Act. The Companies (Strategic 
Report) (Climate-related Financial Disclosure) Regulations 2022 amend these sections of the Companies Act 2006, placing requirements on the Group 
to incorporate Climate disclosures in the annual report. 

Governance Framework

Churchill China plc Board

Meets 12 times per year to consider:

•  Group Strategy

•  Group risk register {including climate change risk)

Inform

•  Stakeholder interests

•  Approves budgets

•  Major capital expenditure decisions

•  Oversees ESG governance {due to size of Company this is 

a full Board function)

Inform

Report

Audit Committee

Meets 3-4 times per year:

•  Risk management process

• 

Internal controls

•  Financial statements

•  Selection of auditors

Remuneration Committee

Meets 3-4 times per year:

•  Alignment of bonus/LTIP criteria with ESG goals and KPl’s

•  Analysis of remuneration packages to align with 

stakeholders aims

Nomination Committee

Meets 3-4 times per year:

•  To ensure a broad range of skills and experience are 

available for ESG activities

Overall responsibility for the Company’s ESG strategy lies with the CEO. Responsibility for ESG reporting lies with the Company Secretary and the wider 
finance team. The operations Board meets 12 times per year and reviews the long-term risks and challenges to the business over a 5 and 25 year 
period, including climate risk and ESG strategy.

CEO and Executive Leadership Team

Inform

Report

Operations

Various meetings are held on a monthly basis covering energy management, employee engagement and retention and other stakeholder issues/ 
concerns. These issues are raised directly with the Executive team and are escalated through the regular Executive meetings and through the normal 
operational reporting lines.

Governance
Describe the Board’s oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities 

Whilst the CEO has day to day responsibilities for ESG and climate-related risks and opportunities the Board has final oversight. These risks are discussed 
at strategy meetings, held annually, and at monthly board meetings. Due to the size and composition of the board it was decided not to create a 
standalone ESG committee but rather to retain the oversight and monitoring of the Company’s ESG performance within the full board. 

The board receives reports from the executive leadership team regarding the general ESG landscape and specific issues that may impact the 
Company. The Company has developed a suite of KPIs for review at operational board level, on ESG performance and updates the board on these at 
regular intervals. These are being rolled out to Audit, Nomination and Remuneration Committees for inclusion in their duties.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023    19
Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 
  19

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

During 2023 the Company had several priorities which were addressed as follows:

Priorities for 2023

As a major energy user the Company was focused on reducing 
its reliance on fossil fuels and researching future methods of 
production to reduce its reliance on, in particular, gas.

During the year the Company has delivered 4,500 solar panels which at 
peak times can supply circa 25% of the factory’s electricity requirements. The 
Company has also started researching the use of electrical pre-heating for glaze 
lines, replacing the previous gas solution. 

Development of the ESG framework within the Company, 
particularly focusing on climate-related risks and the 
development of internal reporting.

Priorities for 2024

The Company has developed a dashboard for operational reporting of ESG 
issues and has started to collate data to be communicated. 

To develop a 2030 ESG strategy and to closely monitor the 
effectiveness of the ESG governance framework.

The Board will ensure that the executive team deliver a clear ESG strategy for 
2030 and will review on a regular basis the current governance framework, 
including reviewing the necessity for an ESG Committee.

To continue the analysis of different energy sources within the 
factory with a view to reducing the non-renewable requirements 
of the factory.

The Board will review the implementation of the electric pre-heat trial and 
identify other areas of the factory that might benefit from the use of renewable 
energy sources.

To continue the development of KPIs for inclusion in 2024’s 
Annual Report.

The Board will direct the executive team to ensure robust reporting of the KPIs 
already identified and to review that these are adequate and appropriate.

Describe management’s role in assessing and managing climate related risks and opportunities

The Chief Executive Officer has responsibility for managing climate related risks within the organisation. He is assisted in this by the Executive Leadership 
Team (ELT) and between them they implement the Group’s climate strategy. 

Addressing Climate  
Change

Future Manufacturing 
Materials

Focus

Carbon

Water

Exec Sponsor

Responsibility

Chief Executive Officer

Energy Steering Committee – operational, corporate and 
subject matter experts

Chief Executive Officer

Operations Director

Non- Carbon Emissions

Chief Executive Officer

Technical Director

New Product Development Sales & Marketing Director

Technical Director, Materials Operations Manager

Doing Business Responsibly 
(Governance)

NFSIS

CFO & Company Secretary NFSIS group chaired by the CFO and attended by subject 

matter experts.

The table below highlights our plans for the coming year and how we plan to address them. 

Priorities

Planned Actions

The Company will continue to develop it’s 2030 ESG strategy 
through engagement at all levels of the organisation with 
a view to making climate related risk a core pillar of the 
Company’s culture

To continue process already started at operational board level, of identifying the 
risks to the business from climate change and to identify initiatives to mitigate 
these risks.

Climate related risk analysis training

Deliver risk analysis training to key personnel on risk identification and mitigation.

Strategy
Describe the climate related risks and opportunities the organisation has identified over the short medium and long term

In order to assess the Company’s strategy, we have considered the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) as determined by the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We have considered the Company’s strategy in line with RCP 2.6 (2.0oC) and RCP 8.5 (4.3oC).

Scenario
Scenario

Description
Description

RCP2.6 (2.0oC)

RCP4.5 (2.4oC)

RCP8.5 (4.3oC)

The RCP2.6 scenario is the pathway that the IPCC believes is likely to limit global warming to sub 2.0oC. Under this pathway 
global CO2 concentrations would be expected to remain constant in the early part of this century and then reduce, actually 
transitioning to negative by 2100. 

The RCP4.5 pathway is less optimistic, modelling a slowly declining level of CO2 concentrations after a gradual increase in the 
first half of the century this would lead to a global increase in temperature of 2.4oC.

This is the IPCC’s worst-case scenario and would lead to a global increase of 4.3oC, equivalent to an 8.5 watt warming effect 
per square metre of earth surface across the planet.

We carried out a strategic review of risks and opportunities to the business with added focus on the impact of climate change both on physical 
outcomes for the Company but also through the lens of likely societal impacts. These risks and opportunities were classified under various groupings, 
Policy and Legal Risk, Technology Risk, Physical Risk, Reputational Risk, Continuity Risk, Business Opportunity. The operational board then carried out an 
exercise to scale the risks over the short term by assessing the Company’s current risk / capability, an assessment of the Company’s required capability 
in 2030 and the gap from current state. Finally, an assessment was made against what capability may be required in 2050 and how far from this 
capability the Company is.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  21

This process allowed us to rank the options in order of material impact and probability. The Company will continue this journey by using internal and 
external stakeholders to further assess the options. These impact assessments will then be fed into the existing planning in order to assess their financial 
impact on the business particularly with respect to revenue and EBITDA of the Group. These financial assessments will be carried out under the 
assumptions of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, giving a best- and worst-case scenario.

This assessment of the financial impact of our material risks and opportunities will constitute a large part of our climate related activities during the 
coming year. Currently no assumptions or estimates have been made regarding the financial impacts.

Summary of our material risks and opportunities

Climate related risks 
and opportunities

Potential financial 
impacts

Potential Materiality

Strategic response and mitigation

Increased costs 

Short term: Low

Med term: Med

Long term: High

Focus on reduction of carbon emissions 
and increasing renewables as the grid 
allows

Potential for increased 
revenue through material 
innovation and recycling.

Short term: Low

Med term: Med

Research into recycling of materials 
and repurposing

Category

Policy and 
Legal

Policy and 
Legal

Technology

Risk:
As an intensive energy 
user there is a risk that 
should the regulatory 
environment change 
there may be an increase 
of costs in carbon 
allowances / lack of 
availability.

Opportunity:
A change to the 
regulatory environment 
leading to a zero-
waste manufacturing 
requirement.

Risk:
Customers moving to a 
lower carbon solution

Lower demand and 
revenue.

Technology

Risk:
Lack of customer appetite 
to pay for low carbon 
solutions

Lower demand and 
revenue

Technology

Risk:
Lack of competitive 
solution to decarbonise 
the production process.

Unsustainable cost 
increases

Technology

Physical Risk

Opportunity:
Materials research to 
deliver a lower embedded 
carbon product to meet 
market expectations and 
reduce input costs.

Risk:
Increased precipitation 
leading to potential 
flooding and damage to 
manufacturing facility.

Costs of repair and 
reduced production 
capacity

Reputational 
Risk

Risk:
Inability to economically 
transition to lower carbon 
technologies leading to 
reputational damage.

Reduced revenue from 
lower demand

Long term: Med

Short term: Low

Med term: Low

Long term: Low

Short term: Med

Med term: Med

Long term: Low

Short term: Low

Med term: Med

Long term: Low

Continued investment in low carbon 
materials and processes

Continued focus on factory efficiency 
to counteract cost pressures

Continued research into low carbon 
manufacturing and materials

Medium term:

Long term:

Short term: Low

Med term: Low

Long term: Low

Short term:

Med term:

Long term:

Current facility is on elevated land with 
good drainage, any future facilities will 
be sourced with this in mind.

Strategic focus on achieving the 
transition

Increased EBITDA through 
reduction in costs

Short term:

Opportunity to develop low 
embedded carbon materials

Short term is classed as falling within our 2030 ESG strategy window, 2030-2040 as medium term and 2040-2050 as long term.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Strategic
Report

Describe the actual and potential impacts on the organisation’s business model and strategy of risks and opportunities

Transitional Risk Impacts
The Company expects that there will be a low impact in the short term on its business model and strategy but that this impact will increase in the 
medium to long term. The expectation is that, taking account of the current direction of travel, there will be increases in legislation and regulation and 
that this may be accompanied by customer preference for more sustainable products.

Physical Impacts
There is an expectation of an increase in extreme weather events worldwide. In the UK this is expected to manifest itself in the form of increased 
precipitation and temperature increases. The risk associated with increased precipitation is assessed as low given the siting of our current facility 
and risk to production will be a criterion in any future new facilities. The risk associated with increased temperature is considered low, however there 
remains a need to monitor the wellbeing of the workforce in what is already a warm environment. 

Priorities for 2024

How we will meet these

Improve and refine our impact assessment, looking in more detail at the 
impacts of climate related risk with a specific focus on the physical risks.

All material risks will be reviewed and assessed during the year and will 
include a review of financial impact

The financial impact on the organisation’s business plan will be refined 
and integrated into the planning cycle under the 3 IPCC pathways.

This planning improvement will dovetail with a planned upgrade to the 
Company’s planning processes

Risk Management
Describe the Company’s process for identifying and assessing climate related risk and opportunities

Climate change is a key risk for Churchill, the key process for identifying organisational risk is through cross-functional work groups as part of our annual 
review and update of our organisational risk registers.

Climate and ESG risks are separately identified and reviewed and given the same priority as other operational risks.

Priorities for 2024

How we will meet these

Further integrate the climate related and ESG risk identification process 
into the wider operational risk process.

By including the discussion of these risks within our cross-functional groups 
discussing Company risk.

Describe the organisation’s processes for managing climate related risks and opportunities

Following identification of the risks each risk is assessed in line with its materiality and financial impact after considering existing controls. Each risk is 
then assigned an owner so that each one receives the appropriate level of attention within the organisation. Progress of these is then monitored on a 
regular basis.

Describe how processes for identifying, assessing and managing climate related risks and opportunities are integrated into the Company’s overall risk 
management process

Operational risks are considered twice per year at operational board level and annually by the plc Board as part of the Risk Register review. Risk 
reviews are a top down and bottom up process.

Priorities for 2024

How we will meet these

Risk review processes to be further refined to deliver more detailed 
and refined climate related risks.

The organisation will consider the creation of a climate specific risk register 
and associated processes for the management of these risks.

Metrics and Targets
Disclose the metrics used by the organisation to assess climate related risks and opportunities in line with its strategy and risk 
management process

The Company currently uses the metrics contained in the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting Disclosure (SECR) on pages 14 and 15 to assess its 
impact on climate related risks and opportunities. 

As a major user of energy the Company also assesses the reduction in energy on a year-on-year basis to identify progress on ESG goals. 

The Company publicly reports our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and the carbon intensity per tonne of raw material consumed within our SECR on 
pages 14 and 15. These have been calculated in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reporting methodology. The risks associated with the 
Company’s emissions are discussed on page 14 and 15 in our Material risks section and also within our Principal risks and uncertainties.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  23

Describe the targets used by the Company to manage climate-related risks and opportunities and performance against targets

The Company has a number of metrics that it has identified to manage climate related risks:

Environment

Metric

Target

Reduce Scope 1 & 2 GHG emissions 

2024 – Identify target reduction level

2024 – Full review of on-site energy generation

Quantify Scope 3 GHG emissions

2025 – Measure Scope 3 emissions 

Water

2024 – Set Water reduction strategy

Expected Reporting Metrics
The following metrics are a work in progress and the Company is committed to developing its systems to allow for these to be presented:

Subject

Measure

Target

GHG Emissions 
Scope 1 & 2

GHG Emissions 
Scope 3

Reduction in tonnes of carbon

25% reduction in output by 2030

Reduction in tonnes of carbon

Target to be set in 2025 when quantified

GHG Emissions Scopes 1, 2 & 3 Reduction in tonnes of carbon

100% reduction by 2050

Water usage

Reduction in litres of water used

10% reduction in mains water by 2030

Waste management

Reduction in tonnes sent to landfill

Zero waste to landfill by 2040

The Company expects to monitor and assess its performance in meeting these targets through the use of KPIs. These KPIs will be introduced at the start 
of 2025, once the base data is available for 2024 and will be set taking into account the current business operations and future Company strategy. 

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Customer service and inventory
Customer service and inventory holding levels are reviewed on a 
regular basis as part of the operational management of the Group’s 
business. The main aim of this measure is to ensure that the Group’s 
strong reputation for on time order fulfilment is maintained, consistent 
with the efficient operation of production and sourcing activities and the 
optimisation of working capital.

Inventory

2023
£m

21.9

2022
£m

15.9

Inventory holding levels increased. Stock volumes of finished goods to 
improve customer service levels increased in line with our operational 
plans. Inventory valuation was also affected by increased material and 
energy costs. 

Future outlook
The business expects to recommence its growth journey in 2024 as 
consumer confidence and the wider economy return to more stable 
conditions. Whilst there is still some uncertainty in the expectations for the 
coming year, the Board are confident that the business is well positioned 
to take advantage of an upturn in the market. The business has retained 
quality staff and reduced reliance on agency employees, we have 
improved efficiencies and yields and continue this journey on a daily basis. 
We have reduced our exposure to currency and energy fluctuations for a 
protracted period of time and where possible reduced risk. 

We continue to experience good demand for our products, reflecting 
the success of our development strategy and the overall strength of 
market demand. Ordering volumes are returning to a more normal 
level and order books are consistent with pre-pandemic levels. Higher 
manufacturing output has allowed us to improve customer service 
levels. We will continue to target improvements in efficiency and have a 
number of capital projects targeted in this area. 

The Board believes that hospitality markets will continue to grow and that 
the Company has the ability and product offering necessary to expand, 
particularly in our export markets where our underlying market share is 
still very low. Our product range and its development reflect long term 
investment in innovation. Our improved market position is supported 
by a clear and consistent set of objectives and initiatives. Our financial 
position allows us to maintain a high level of investment in our operations 
giving us the ability to improve our capacity, our productivity and our 
efficiency. 

The Company remains focused on delivering a high quality, 
differentiated performing product and through this, consistent, profitable 
and sustainable growth.

By order of the Board

D M O’Connor 
CEO 
9 April 2024

Strategic
Report

Key performance indicators
Revenue and revenue growth
The absolute levels of revenue and revenue growth are reviewed 
regularly by business and geographic destination through the year 
against comparative, target and strategic expectations.

Revenue

Group

 Ceramics

 Sale of external materials*

UK

Export

2023
£m

82.3

74.2

8.1

34.0

48.3

2022
£m

82.5

75.3

7.2

33.2

49.3

Growth
%

-0.2%

-1.5%

12.5%

2.4%

-2.0%

*  Revenue from Materials is shown following the elimination of intra group trading as 

shown in Note 2 to the financial statements.

The level of operating profit and significant factors affecting its delivery 
are reviewed and controlled on a regular basis.

Operating profit before 
exceptional items

Operating margin before 
exceptional items

Profit before exceptional items 
and income tax

Exceptional items

Profit before income tax

2023
£m

10.3

2022
£m

Growth 
%

9.2

11.9%

12.4%

11.1%

10.8

-

10.8

9.1

0.5

9.6

18.7%

12.5%

Group operating profit before exceptional items rose significantly to 
£10.3m (2022: £9.2m). As previously disclosed this improvement has come 
from significant improvements in yields and an improvement in energy 
pricing in H2, the resulting operating margin has therefore improved to 
12.4% (2022: 11.1%).

The level of profit before corporation tax is reviewed on a monthly basis 
against previous performance and target levels.

Profit before corporation tax rose substantially reflecting increases in 
operating profit.

Exceptional items, where they are recognised, are reviewed as part of 
the regular assessment of profit performance. 

Net assets at the year end were £10.1m (2022: £10.3m)

Operating cash generation
The Group believes that over an extended time period it is important 
to generate cash at an operating level at least equivalent to declared 
operating profit. This measure identifies the effectiveness of our control 
over working capital demands and ensures that cash is available for 
further investment in the business, to meet taxation payments and to 
ensure that our shareholders receive an appropriate return.

Operating cash generation

Percentage of operating profit 
before exceptional items

Percentage of operating profit 
before exceptional items (3 year 
average)

2023
£m

8.7

2022
£m

4.9

Growth 
%

77.6%

84%

53%

95%

107%

Operating cash generation was impacted by several factors, primarily 
the increase in inventory. Employer contribution payments in respect of 
pension deficit amortisation remained at £1.8m per annum (2022: £1.8m).

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  25

Directors’
Report

The Directors present their Annual Report and the audited consolidated 
financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2023.  

The biographical details of the Directors are as follows:

The Company is a public limited company listed on the Alternative 
Investment Market (AIM) and is incorporated and domiciled in the UK. 
The registered office is disclosed at the front of the Annual Report and 
the Company number is 02709505.

The consolidated income statement for the year is set out on page 44.

A review of the operations and future prospects of the Group is given 
in the Chairman’s Statement on page 6 and in the Strategic Report on 
page 10.

The principal activity of the Group is the manufacture and sale of 
ceramic and related products for hospitality and household markets 
around the world.  

Dividends 
The Company has paid the following dividends in respect of the years 
ended 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022:

Ordinary dividend:

Final dividend 2022 21.0p (2021: 17.3p) 
per 10p ordinary share

Interim dividend 2023 11.0p (2022: 10.5p) 
per 10p ordinary share

2023
£’000

2,309

1,210

3,519

2022
£’000

1,907

1,155

3,062

The Directors now recommend payment of the following dividend:

Ordinary dividend:

Final dividend 2023 25.0p (2022: 21.0p) 
per 10p ordinary share

2,749

2,310

Dividends on treasury shares held by the Company are waived.

The Company recognises that dividend income is important to 
shareholders and aims to pay a sustainable and progressive dividend 
linked to the medium and long-term performance of the business, 
consistent with the maintenance of appropriate levels of dividend 
cover and allowing the Company to meet other demands on its cash 
generation.

Directors
The Directors of the Company who have served during the year and up 
to the date of signing of the financial statements are as follows:

R G W Williams* (Chairman)
A J McWalter* (resigned 8 June 2023)
D M O’Connor
D J S Taylor (resigned 12 April 2023)
J A Roper 
B M Hynes* 
J M Moore*
C J Stephens* (appointed 15 February 2023)
M Cunningham (appointed 8 June 2023)
M K Payne* (appointed 16 January 2024)

* Non-Executive

The Quoted Companies Alliance (QCA) has issued new governance 
guidance in 2023 for periods starting after April 2024; the Board has, 
however, decided to adopt the guidance on annual election of all 
Directors on an annual basis early. B M Hynes has indicated that he will 
be resigning from the Board as at the AGM and will therefore not be 
seeking re-election. All other Directors will offer themselves for election / 
re-election. As at the date of the Director’s Report the unexpired terms of 
the service contract of R G W Williams 1 years 5 months and C J Stephens 
1 years 9 months, J A Roper 2 years 1 months, M Cunningham 2 years 1 
month and M K Payne 2 years 9 months. 

David O’Connor, Chief Executive Officer has worked for Churchill 
for 32 years in a number of production, operations, marketing and 
senior management roles. He has extensive experience within the 
ceramics industry and joined the Board in 1999. He has an MBA and is 
an alumnus of the Harvard Business School Advanced Management 
Program. David has worked in a number of roles within the UK ceramics 
industry, initially within production management and has developed an 
extensive knowledge of logistics, product sourcing and marketing. He 
was appointed Chief Executive Officer in August 2014, having previously 
served as Chief Operating Officer since 2010. He has responsibility for the 
development of Group strategy and for operational performance.

Michael Cunningham, Finance Director joined the Churchill Board in 
2023. Michael has previously worked extensively in the automotive sector 
in dealer groups, tier 1 suppliers and for a large number of years within 
the VW Group under both the MAN and Bentley brands. An engineering 
graduate from Queens University Belfast, Michael qualified as a 
Chartered Certified Accountant whilst working for Readymix Concrete. 
Michael also holds an MBA from The European School of Management 
and Technology in Berlin.

James Roper, Sales and Marketing Director joined Churchill in 2001. 
James has worked in a number of sales and marketing roles across 
Churchill’s business and has extensive experience in the development 
of the Group’s strategy particularly in relation to product innovation and 
distribution channel management. He has an MBA from Manchester 
Business School and is an alumnus of the Harvard Business School 
Advanced Management Program. He was appointed to the Board  
in 2015.

Robin Williams, Non-Executive Chairman. Robin joined the Board of 
Churchill China plc in October 2022. He is an engineering graduate and 
qualified chartered accountant with over 30 years’ experience with listed 
companies, initially as an adviser and then as a CEO and co-founder of 
Britton Group plc and then as an Executive director of Hepworth plc, the 
building materials business. He is currently Independent Non-Executive 
Chairman of Keystone Law Group plc and a Non-Executive Director of 
Headlam plc and of The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd, a private 
company. 

Brendan Hynes, Non-Executive Director and Senior Independent Director, 
is an experienced Non-Executive Director. He was Chief Executive Officer 
of Nichols plc from 2007 to 2013 having previously been Finance Director. 
He has extensive experience of strategy development, business and 
financial management in public companies. Brendan is a Fellow of the 
Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and has an MBA from 
Manchester Business School. He joined the Board in 2013. 

Mark Moore, Non-Executive Director. Mark joined the business during 
2021 and has extensive Board level general management and 
manufacturing experience within a range of industries. He has previously 
worked within Morgan Advanced Materials plc and Essentra plc. He is a 
Chartered Engineer and holds degrees from the University of Bristol and 
Loughborough University. 

Caroline Stephens, Non-Executive Director. Caroline joined the Board 
in February 2023. She was a senior executive at Johnson & Johnson for 
over 25 years in multiple leadership roles including UK Marketing Director. 
Latterly, Caroline has been a consultant, adviser and director with roles 
including joining the Board of Tristel plc, an AIM listed infection control 
business as a Non-Executive Director, and the EMEA Board of CI&T, a 
global digital solutions specialist.

Martin Payne, Non-Executive Director. Martin joined the Board in January 
2024. Martin finished his executive career as CEO of Genuit Group 
plc a role he held after previously serving as CFO. He has extensive 
ceramics industry experience as Financial Director of Johnsons Tiles and 
as Group CFO of Norcros plc. Since 2021 Martin has been Chair of the 
Audit Committee at Stelrad plc. Martin is a Chartered Management 
Accountant and has over 30 years’ experience in manufacturing 
industries.

Taxation
The majority of the Group’s operations and the profits derived from them 
are subject to taxation in the United Kingdom.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Directors’
Report

Environmental, Social and Governance
This year’s Annual Report contains more detailed information on 
the business’ Environmental, Social and Governance policies and 
performance in accordance with developing reporting practice. This 
information is shown on page 15 within the Strategic Report. The following 
information is given in addition to these disclosures. 

We remain fully committed to equal opportunities employment policy 
offering equality in recruitment, training and career development 
irrespective of gender, ethnic origin, age, marital status, religion, sexual 
orientation or disability. We actively work with employees who suffer ill-
health during their employment with us to rehabilitate them back into the 
workforce wherever possible.

Ethical standards and trading
The Group expect high ethical standards to be met in all areas of its 
operation and from all its employees and recognises the role of the Board 
in defining and meeting these standards. We have a published ethical 
code and supporting policies covering bribery and corruption, modern 
slavery and whistle-blowing.

Churchill sources materials and products from a range of local, national 
and international suppliers. We have an ethical trading policy and take 
steps, including factory visits and audits, to ensure that our standards 
are implemented within our supply chain and that local legislation and 
regulations are complied with.

Churchill has developed a formal brand framework which highlights the 
values which we believe embody our business. Many of these values 
reflect our commitment to our stakeholders. This brand framework is used 
daily within our business to guide our operations. 

Employees
The Company recognise that well trained, engaged and motivated 
employees are central to the current and future success of our business. 
We involve our workforce through open communication including 
briefings and communication boards to encourage engagement with 
the strategy and goals of the business. The financial performance and 
forward plans of the business are shared on a bi-annual basis in order to 
build an awareness amongst employees of the financial and economic 
factors that may affect the performance of the Group. We work closely 
with the union representing our employee’s interest to develop a 
relationship that will benefit our employees and meet our business needs.

Our employee training and development programme is an important 
part of our operations and we have further invested in reviewing and 
identifying development needs and opportunities. We have continued 
to work with further educational colleges and training organisations 
to provide functional and vocational training for employees and our 
manufacturing and engineering based apprenticeship scheme targets 
the development of ceramic and other skills within our team. Our long-
term commitment to the training and development of all our employees 
helps morale, motivation and labour retention. We remain committed 
to our graduate training programme helping local graduates into our 
industry. We also take an active role in supporting both the local ceramic 
industry and wider initiative within the hospitality sector and support a 
number of training programmes.

Disabled people applying for roles within the business are given full 
and fair consideration in relation to job vacancies. Employees who 
are disabled, or who become disabled during their employment enjoy 
the same career prospects and access to training and development 
programmes as other employees.

Our Continuous Improvement programme involves employees at all 
levels from across our Company and has proved valuable in unlocking 
the potential of our workforce. Each employee has access to training 
to develop their technical skills and their overall capabilities. This 
programme also helps to communicate important business issues to 
our workforce and helps to align their efforts with the overall business 
strategy. This initiative has been developed into a ‘Train the Trainer’ 
programme where employees are taught training skills such that they 
can pass their expertise on to less experienced staff. 

The Board has clearly considered the interests of employees in relation 
to key decisions during the year. Important decisions are taken within a 
framework giving appropriate reference to the long-term sustainability of 
the business, the delivery of steady growth, investment and job security.

We operate a Profit Improvement Bonus scheme where employees with 
one year’s service share in a bonus scheme linked to Group profitability. 
This scheme recognises our employee’s efforts, encourages performance 
in line with value creation and allows them to share in the Group’s 
success. In addition, in the period from December 2022 to March 2023 
we have introduced a one-off scheme where all employees receive 
a payment totalling £400 to help them deal with the increased cost of 
energy and other cost of living challenges.  

Health and Safety
The health and safety of our employees is central to our operations, 
and we invest significant effort and resource to target continuous 
improvement. Health and safety is a Board responsibility and receives 
constant management focus. The Board has access to appropriately 
trained and skilled assistance to meet its obligations. We have a 
published Health and Safety policy.

Our approach to Health and Safety is embedded in our working 
practices. We aim to identify and to reduce health and safety risks 
associated with our operations to the lowest practical levels. Training 
programmes are regularly undertaken to update safety skills for all our 
employees. Considerable progress has been made in the engagement 
of our workforce in relation to health and safety matters during the year. 

Environment
The Group considers and manages the impact of its actions on the 
environment and wider social and community issues. Churchill is aware 
that it has many stakeholders, including its customers, employees, 
suppliers and neighbours alongside our shareholders. We seek to operate 
over the long term in a sustainable manner which recognises the needs 
of all of these groups. 

The principal impacts of the Group’s operations on the environment are 
in relation to the energy we consume, and the waste products produced 
as part of our operations.

Whilst the Company manufactures a product which may be re-used 
many thousands of times, a significant amount of energy is consumed in 
its production. We have made progressive improvements in developing 
our energy management processes at both strategic and operational 
levels over many years. We are focused on investing in research to 
provide long term solutions to reduce our energy footprint and in 
improving the efficiency of our manufacturing processes.  We have 
replaced older systems and machinery with more modern energy 
efficient processes. Additional details are given in our Strategic Report.

We have increased our focus on managing and minimising the 
production of waste from our processes.  We have instituted a 
programme of continuous improvement in relation to waste reduction 
and recycling of waste products. 

Where possible we source our materials and services locally. A strong 
support industry is important to the long-term future of the Group.

Community
We understand that we have an impact on our local community and 
consider the effect of our actions on our local area. We work to reduce 
any adverse effects of our operations, consistent with the needs of 
other stakeholders within our business. We actively engage within our 
community through contact with our neighbours and local schools and 
particularly through local charity initiatives. We encourage and support 
our employees to become involved in community and charitable work. 
We run a number of events each year in support of charitable causes. 

Research and Development
The introduction of new and innovative products, materials and process 
technologies remains a cornerstone of our future strategy. The Group’s 
aim is to continue to identify future market trends and then to design 
and develop products that meet these needs. We have maintained our 
investment in the development of new products across the year to take 
advantage of new market opportunities. A significant effort is made to 
develop our materials and process technologies to allow the introduction 
of more complex product designs and to improve energy usage. New 
product development is controlled through regular meetings and the 
success of new launches is reviewed in the short term against individual 
targets and over the longer term as a function of our strategy.

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  27

Insurance for Directors
The Group maintains liability insurance for the Directors in respect of their 
duties as Directors.  

Financing
The Group currently utilises equity and retained earnings to finance its 
operations in relation to short-, medium- and long-term requirements. 
The Group has historically enjoyed a good record of operating cash 
generation and forward investment and other cash requirements have 
been financed from this source.

During the year the Group generated £8.5m of cash flow from 
operations, paid corporate taxation of £0.4m and invested £5.3m in 
capital projects. Dividends of £3.5m were paid during the year. Net 
cash and deposits before lease liabilities at the 31 December 2023 were 
£13.9m (2022: £19.0m).

The Group reviews and maintains adequate levels of liquidity to meet 
short term operating commitments as part of its day-to-day treasury 
management. Longer term liquidity and cash requirements are reviewed 
as part of the Group’s budgetary and strategic planning processes.

If additional financing is needed in the short term the Group has access 
to short term variable rate financing arrangements totalling £2.5m on 
an unsecured basis to provide finance for working capital requirements, 
should they be required. Additionally, forward capital expenditure 
may be supported using alternative sources of finance including lease 
purchase.

Going Concern
The Board confirms that, having made enquiries, the Directors have 
a reasonable expectation that the Group and the Company have 
adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the 
foreseeable future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in the preparation of the financial statements.

The Board has considered alternative scenarios in relation to the 
impact higher levels of inflation, increasing energy costs and other 
potential impacts on the business environment. This review has included 
consideration of the impact of reductions in revenue, periods of effect, 
alternative operational responses and cost reduction plans, the high 
level of cash and deposits held by the Group and additional available 
financing. 

These reviews indicate that it is reasonable for the business to expect to 
continue in operational existence for at least the next twelve months.

Land and buildings
The current value of land and buildings is in the opinion of the Directors 
in excess of the value included in these financial statements.  This has 
not been quantified because independent valuations have not been 
undertaken.

Overseas operations
The Group operates trading subsidiaries in the United States of America 
and Spain.

The Group currently has no net debt and holds substantial levels of 
unpledged assets including freehold property. These assets form an 
alternative source of secured medium- or long-term funding if this is 
required. Larger long term funding requirements may be met from debt 
and equity sources if necessary. There are no covenants in place relating 
to the Group’s banking arrangements. 

Substantial shareholdings
The Directors have been advised of the following individual interests, 
or group of interests, other than those dealt with in the summary of 
Directors’ interests in the Remuneration Report, held by persons acting 
together, which at 6 April 2024 exceeded 3% of the Company’s issued 
share capital:

Financial instruments
The Group uses its own cash resources and forward exchange contracts 
and foreign currency bank accounts to manage its exposure to 
exchange rate risk caused by trading activities in currencies other than 
sterling.

The risk management policy adopted is to regularly review forward 
foreign currency cash flows, identifying the currency effect of completed 
sale and purchase transactions, transactions which have been 
contracted for but not completed and an assessment of expected likely 
forward cash flows.  The net currency exposure arising from this review 
is then managed using forward option contracts.  A proportion of net 
currency exposures are generally covered up to twelve months forward 
at any point in time. The Group does not trade in financial instruments.

The Group has no material interest rate risk, the only interest rate 
exposure is in relation to returns on short term cash deposits and 
borrowings.

Note 1 to the financial statements includes financial management risk 
considerations.

Shareholder

Rathbone plc

Charles Stanley Group

Invesco

Mrs S Roper

Cannacord Genuity Group inc

Phoenix Asset Management Partners

Close Brothers Group

E S & S J Roper

A D & P H Roper

Number of
ordinary shares

Percentage

1,832,379

16.66%

886,117

863,594

751,600

647,288

597,127

525,582

352,765

340,430

8.06%

7.85%

6.83%

5.89%

5.43%

4.78%

3.21%

3.19%

Political contributions
The Group made no political contributions (2022: £nil) during the year.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Directors’
Report

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities in 
respect of the financial statements
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the 
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulation.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records 
that are sufficient to show and explain the Group’s and Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure 
that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for 
each financial year. Under that law the Directors have prepared the 
group financial statements in accordance with UK adopted international 
accounting standards and the company financial statements in 
accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 101 
“Reduced Disclosure Framework”, and applicable law).

Under company law, Directors must not approve the financial statements 
unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of 
affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss of the Group 
for that period. In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are 
required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•  state whether applicable UK adopted international accounting 

standards have been followed for the Group financial statements 
and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 101 
have been followed for the Company financial statements, subject 
to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements;

•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable 

and prudent; and

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless 
it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and Company will 
continue in business.

The Directors are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from 
legislation in other jurisdictions.

Directors’ confirmations
In the case of each Director in office at the date the directors’ report is 
approved:

•  so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of 

which the Group’s and Company’s auditors are unaware; and

• 

they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as a 
director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the Group’s and Company’s 
auditors are aware of that information.

Independent Auditors
The Auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, have indicated their 
willingness to continue in office and a resolution that they be re-
appointed will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting.

By order of the Board

D M O’Connor 
CEO 
9 April 2024

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  29

Corporate 
Governance

This statement is not audited.

The Company is quoted on the Alternative Investment Market of the 
London Stock Exchange and uses the Quoted Companies Alliances 
‘Corporate Governance’ (‘the Code’) as a benchmark to define and 
review its governance procedures. The Company complies with the 
Code.

and experience to lead and manage the business and to ensure a 
balance of power and authority. A review of the effectiveness of the 
Board is carried out on a regular basis with the most recent being in 2023. 
The Non-Executive members of the Board take an active and influential 
part in Board procedures. A senior Non-Executive Director, B M Hynes, 
has been appointed, and, on the announcement of these results, will be 
replaced in this role by M K Payne.

The Code establishes ten principles of Corporate Governance grouped 
into three areas; the encouragement to deliver sustainable growth, the 
responsibility to maintain a dynamic management framework and an 
aim to build trust with shareholders and other stakeholders.

The Board acknowledges its role in defining and promoting the culture of 
the business. This culture is defined within the Company’s brand values. 
It encourages all our employees, including Board members, to bring 
innovation, commitment and integrity to their roles. 

The Board supports the aims of the Code and seeks to exceed rather 
than simply meet the requirements it sets out. Many of the requirements 
of the Code are addressed through this Annual Report and further 
information may be found on the Investor pages of the Company’s 
website, www.churchill1795.com.

The Board of Directors
The Board is currently composed of three Executive and five Non-
Executive Directors and meets at least eleven times per year. The Board is 
led by the Chairman, Robin Williams. It is felt that the current composition 
and operation of the Board is adequate to provide the necessary skills 

The Code recommends that the Boards of quoted companies include 
at least two independent Non-Executive Directors. The Board has fully 
reviewed the independence of Non-Executive Directors and four Board 
members, J M Moore, R G W Williams, C J Stephens and M K Payne are 
considered to be independent under the terms of the Code. B M Hynes 
is no longer classed as independent under the terms of the Code, due 
to his having served 10 years on the Board. The Board believes that 
despite this lack of formal independence under the Code, B M Hynes has 
retained a high degree of objectivity and that his experience has been 
and continues to be of, significant benefit to the interests of shareholders 
as Board composition evolves. 

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Corporate 
Governance

As noted in the Chairman’s Statement, B M Hynes will step down as 
Chair of the Audit Committee on announcement of these results to be 
succeeded by M K Payne, and from the Board in June 2024.

In addition to a formal agenda covering financial control, management 
and business development, there is appropriate debate addressing 
areas outside the regular agenda to ensure that all Directors are able 
to take an informed view of the progress of the business.  The nature of 
the organisational structure of the Group allows Executive Directors to 
maintain a close involvement in all aspects of the Group’s operations.   
A schedule of matters reserved for Board decision is maintained and a 
procedure exists to allow Directors access to independent professional 
advice if required.

The following table shows the attendance of Directors at Board meetings 
through the year.

Meetings 
held

Meetings 
attended

D J S Taylor

D M O’Connor

C Stephens

A J McWalter

B M Hynes

J A Roper

M Cunningham

J M Moore

R G W Williams

4

12

11

6

12

12

7

12

12

4

12

11

6

12

12

7

12

12

The Directors consider that the Board of Directors include key 
management for all areas of the business and that there are no other 
key management which require disclosure.

There are three sub-committees of the Board.

The Remuneration Committee is wholly composed of Non-Executive 
Directors and is normally attended by the Chief Executive Officer who 
takes no part in discussions on his own remuneration. The Remuneration 
Committee is chaired by J M Moore.

The Audit Committee, which is wholly composed of Non-Executive 
Directors, meets at least twice per year to receive reports from Executive 
management and external Auditors and is normally attended by the 
Finance Director. The Audit Committee has been chaired by B M Hynes.

The Nomination Committee, which is wholly composed of Non-
Executive Directors, meets at least twice per year to discuss forward 
Board succession. A formal process has been established to deal with 
succession planning across the business. The Committee also considers 
the training and development needs of Directors. The Nomination 
Committee is chaired by R G W Williams.

Internal control
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the Group’s system 
of internal control and is responsible for reviewing its effectiveness. This 
system is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
achieve business objectives and provides reasonable, but not absolute, 
assurance against material misstatement or loss.

The Board has established a system for ongoing review of risk assessment 
and management procedures to ensure that the controls on which it 
places reliance are operating satisfactorily and those new risks to which 
the business becomes exposed through its activities are recognised 
and appropriate controls implemented. These procedures have been 
in operation throughout the year and in the period to the date of this 
report.

The risks to which the Group is exposed are formally reviewed by the 
Board on a regular basis. Individual reviews of risk areas are carried out 
and the results reported to the Board. Operational responsibility for each 
of the main risk areas has been clearly identified and are allocated to 
either Directors of the Company or of the Company’s principal operating 
subsidiary Churchill China (UK) Limited, under the supervision of the Board 
as a whole. Individual managers and employees are also aware, where 
appropriate, of their responsibilities in both identifying and controlling risk.

The Company’s systems in relation to risk assessment and control seek 
to ensure that as part of the normal process of business management 
material risks are identified and brought to the attention of the Board. 
Directors review risk as part of a regular programme of meetings covering 
both general business processes and specific risk areas, risk is assessed 
as part of the strategic process. A system of reporting is in place to 
provide control information on key risk areas within reports submitted to 
the Board and reviewed. In addition to this, Directors and managers are 
aware of their responsibility to monitor both changes in business activity 
and changes to the economical legislative environment in which the 
Company operates. Potential new risk areas have been identified and 
control procedures documented.

The Board and the Audit Committee have reviewed the effectiveness of 
the system of internal control during the year.

Internal financial control 
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the Group’s systems 
of internal financial control which it exercises through an organisational 
structure with authorisation, monitoring and reporting procedures which 
are appropriate to the needs of the business. These systems have been 
designed to give the Board reasonable, but not absolute, assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. The principal features of the 
Group’s system of internal financial control are: the maintenance of 
a control environment in which the need for the highest standards of 
behaviour and integrity are communicated to employees; the use of a 
detailed reporting system covering performance against comprehensive 
financial and other key operating indicators. The Board and the Audit 
Committee have reviewed the operation and effectiveness of the 
system of internal financial control during the year.

Terms of reference for all three Committees and a Remuneration Policy 
statement have been agreed by the Board.

By order of the Board

Shareholder engagement
The Company has a wide range of shareholders including major 
financial institutions and private investors. Regular contact is made with 
shareholders through presentations, direct contact and most importantly 
both formally and informally at the Company’s Annual General Meeting. 
M Cunningham, Finance Director is the main point of contact for 
shareholders, but all Directors are encouraged to meet with investors. The 
Board considers feedback received from shareholders carefully.

D M O’Connor 
CEO 
9 April 2024

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  31

Remuneration Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

This section of the accounts is unaudited

Annual Statement
The role of the Remuneration Committee is to determine and 
recommend to the Board the Remuneration Policy and to set Executive 
Director remuneration. The Committee also adopts a wider oversight role 
with respect to the broader company leadership team’s remuneration 
but does not set this. In setting executive pay, the Committee considers 
various factors, including, wider workforce remuneration, structure and 
alignment of reward to performance, both personal and Company, with 
the aim of improving long term Company success.

The key areas of focus for the year were:

Review of remuneration outcomes – assessing the progress of equity 
and variable remuneration elements to ensure that the current policies 
and remuneration levels are achieving the desired outcomes for all 
stakeholders.

Base salary levels – a review was carried out and an increase awarded 
of 8%, below that awarded to the majority of the wider workforce. The 
size of increase was determined through inflationary pressures prevalent 
during the period.

Target setting – appropriate targets were set for variable remuneration, 
both LTIP awards where grant size and performance criteria were set 
in 2023 and 2024 bonus targets. In addition to target setting the level 
of new grants of LTIPs was assessed by the committee. As last year the 
Committee assessed targets that were in line with continued growth from 
pre-Covid levels.

Succession – the Committee considered matters relating to the ongoing 
Board succession plans.

The Company adopts a long term approach to the development of 
its business emphasising steady growth and the management of risk. 
The Remuneration Policy seeks to reflect this and to balance fixed and 
variable pay components accordingly. The design of variable pay 
does not encourage short term decision making and the Remuneration 
Committee believes that there is an appropriate balance between 
annual profit bonus targets, medium term development objectives and 
the promotion of longer term growth. 

In each case the Committee was conscious of the need to clearly align 
Executive Directors’ remuneration packages with shareholders interests 
and with consideration of wider workforce remuneration.

Details of the outcome of this work are set out below and later in the 
Annual Report on Remuneration.

The Remuneration Committee has considered overall performance in 
the year to 31 December 2023 and is satisfied that the outcome of the 
remuneration policy in 2023 is consistent with both the results delivered 
in year and progress against longer term targets and other metrics. 
Profit before exceptional items and taxation increased by more than 
15% despite a number of challenges to our operations. The business has 
also made good progress against strategic targets in a number of areas 
including operational strategy and our longer term energy position.  

Whilst as an AIM listed Company we are not required to satisfy the 
Directors Remuneration Report (‘DRR’) guidelines we continue to provide 
information on certain requirements of the Regulations to reflect good 
practice where this is in the interests of shareholders and where the cost 
and benefit of supplying this information is appropriate.

The Remuneration Committee is composed of J M Moore, who acts 
as Chair, B M Hynes and C J Stephens. M K Payne was appointed to 
the remuneration committee on 16 January 2024. All members of the 
Committee are Non-Executive Directors. D M O’Connor (Chief Executive 
Officer) attended Remuneration Committee meetings but withdrew from 
any meeting where his remuneration was discussed. The Remuneration 
Committee has received advice from FIT Remuneration Consultants LLP 
during the year. The total fees paid to FIT Remuneration Consultants were 
£5,030.

Directors’ Remuneration Policy
This section sets out the Company’s Directors’ Remuneration policy.  The 
Policy is determined by the Remuneration Committee of the Company 
and is subject to regular and detailed review in relation to market 
practice and alignment with the Group’s strategy. This policy has applied 
from the date of the 2020 Annual General Meeting. 

The Remuneration Committee also reserves the right to make any 
remuneration payments and payments for loss of office notwithstanding 
that they are not in line with the Policy set out below where the terms of 
the payment were agreed: 

•  before the Policy came into effect or 

•  at a time when the relevant individual was not a Director of the 

Company and, in the opinion of the Remuneration Committee, the 
payment was not in consideration for the individual becoming a 
director of the Company.  

For these purposes “payments” includes the Remuneration Committee 
satisfying awards of variable remuneration and, in relation to an award 
over shares, the terms of the payment are “agreed” at the time the 
award is granted.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Remuneration 
Committee’s discretion includes discretion to determine, in accordance 
with the rules of the LTIP, the extent to which awards under that plan 
may vest in the event of a change of control or in a “good leaver” 
circumstance. 

The Remuneration Committee may make minor changes to this Policy, 
provided they do not materially advantage Directors, to aid in its 
operation or implementation.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Remuneration Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Future policy table
Executive Directors
The table below describes each of the elements of the remuneration package for the Executive Directors.

This policy has applied June 2023

Purpose and link to 
strategy

Basic pay

Core element of fixed 
remuneration to help 
recruit and retain 
employees of the 
appropriate calibre and 
experience

Annual Bonus

Rewards the achievement 
of annual financial and 
strategic business targets 
as well as the delivery of 
personal objectives.

Clawback and malus 
applies in a number of 
circumstances to enable 
the Company to mitigate 
risk

Benefits

Provide a market 
competitive benefits 
package to help recruit 
and retain employees of 
the appropriate calibre 
and experience

Operation

Maximum potential value

Performance metrics

There is no prescribed maximum 
annual increase.  However, 
consideration is normally given to 
the average change in salary for the 
workforce as a whole.

The Remuneration Committee 
considers any salary increases above 
the workforce average carefully.

The Remuneration Committee 
may award salary increases above 
the workforce average in certain 
circumstances including, but not 
limited to:

•  A Director assuming additional 

responsibilities

•  Significant improvement in 
individual performance

•  Significant change in the size or 

scope of a Directors’ role.

•  Where salary is initially set below 

market levels for a newly appointed 
Director to allow for progress in 
their role

Executive Directors are entitled to earn 
up to 100% of basic pay as a bonus.

Not applicable, although 
overall performance of 
the individual and the 
Company is considered by 
the Remuneration Committee 
when setting and reviewing 
salaries.

The bonus plan is based on the 
achievement of challenging 
performance targets.  The 
financial measures which 
account for the majority of the 
bonus will generally include a 
measure of profitability and/or 
cash generation. Other targets 
may include the achievement 
of strategic objectives and 
specific personal objectives.

Basic pay for Executive Directors 
is normally reviewed annually (but 
may be reviewed more frequently if 
required).

Consideration is given to the following 
when determining basic pay levels:

•  Market conditions including 

typical pay levels for comparator 
companies taking into account the 
relative scale and complexity of the 
role and business

•  Scale and scope of the role, 

experience and performance of 
the individual

•  Average change in salary for the 

workforce as a whole

•  The annual pay review is 

conducted on 1 April each year.

Bonus payments are made in cash 
following the completion of the audit 
for the year in which bonuses are 
earned.

The Remuneration Committee may 
adjust the bonus pay-out should the 
formulaic outcome be considered 
not to reflect underlying business 
performance.

The Remuneration Committee has 
the right to operate both clawback 
and malus provisions in respect of 
bonus scheme awards in relation 
to circumstances of material 
misstatement of results, serious 
misconduct or reputational damage 
and corporate failure which may have 
occurred at any time before claw 
back is operated.

Bonus payments are non-pensionable.

Executive Directors are entitled to 
receive benefits including healthcare 
benefits and a fully expensed 
company car (or cash allowance) 
where it is deemed necessary to their 
role.

Set at a level which the Remuneration 
Committee considers to be 
appropriately positioned taking into 
account the scale and scope of 
the role and market conditions in 
comparator companies.

Not applicable.

Executive Directors are entitled to 
receive repayment of costs deemed 
necessary for them to perform their 
duties.

Other benefits may be provided based 
on individual circumstances including, 
but not limited to, housing or relocation 
expenses.

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Purpose and link to 
strategy

Pensions

Provide market 
competitive post-
employment benefits 
to help recruit and 
retain employees of the 
appropriate calibre and 
experience

Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  33

Operation

Maximum potential value

Performance metrics

Up to 10% of basic pay under the 
defined contribution scheme.

Not applicable.

Executive Directors are entitled to 
membership of Company pension 
schemes in operation from time to 
time.

The Company currently operates a 
defined contribution scheme.  

The Company previously operated 
a defined benefit scheme, which 
was closed for future accrual in 2006.  
One Executive Director is a deferred 
member of this scheme.

Executive Directors may choose to 
receive a salary supplement in lieu of 
pensions up to the value of the normal 
contribution level at no extra cost to 
the Company.

Bonus and other benefits received 
by Executive Directors do not count 
towards pensionable pay.

Challenging performance 
targets are set each year 
reflecting the business priorities 
that underpin longer term 
Group strategy.  

At least 50% of the LTIP award 
will normally vest based on 
adjusted Basic Earnings Per 
Share performance targets.

Long term incentive 
schemes

Incentivises employees 
to achieve a higher and 
sustained level of return to 
shareholders over a longer 
period of time

Supports retention and 
promotes share ownership 

Clawback and malus 
applies in a number of 
circumstances to enable 
the Company to mitigate 
risk

The Company operates an LTIP 
approved by shareholders on  
22 June 2022.

Executive Directors may normally be 
granted LTIP awards up to 100% of 
salary each year.

For threshold performance, 25% of the 
award vests.  

For on-target performance, 40% of the 
award vests.  

For maximum performance, 100% of 
the award vests.  

Straight line vesting applies between 
threshold, target and maximum 
vesting.

In exceptional circumstances, such as 
recruitment where it may be necessary 
to grant a buy-out award, Executive 
Directors may be granted LTIP awards 
of up to 150% of salary each year.

LTIP awards are made on an annual 
basis typically in the form of nil or 
nominal cost options with vesting 
dependent on the achievement of 
performance conditions, normally 
over a three year period.  Vested 
LTIP options must be exercised within 
ten years of the date of grant. Once 
exercised the net shares remaining 
after the payment of associated tax 
charges must be retained for a further 
two years.

The Remuneration Committee has 
the right to operate both clawback 
and malus provisions in respect of 
LTIP awards in relation to material 
misstatement of results, serious 
misconduct or reputational damage 
and corporate failure which may have 
occurred at any time before claw 
back is operated.

LTIP payments are non-pensionable.

There were no significant changes to Remuneration Policy during the year. 

Non-Executive Directors
The table below sets out an overview of the remuneration of Non-Executive Directors.

Purpose and link to strategy

Operation

Chairman and  
Non-Executive Director fees

Fees for Non-Executive Directors are normally reviewed annually (but may be reviewed more frequently  
if required).

Provide an appropriate reward 
to help recruit and retain 
Non-Executive Directors of 
the appropriate calibre and 
experience

Consideration is given to the following when determining fee levels:

•  Market conditions including typical fee levels for comparator companies

•  A Non-Executive Director’s role and responsibilities

•  Non-Executive Directors do not participate in any incentive scheme.

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  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Remuneration Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Explanation of performance metrics chosen
The annual bonus is assessed against financial, strategic and personal performance conditions, as determined by the Remuneration Committee.  This 
incentivises Executive Directors to focus on delivering the strategic and financial goals of the Company, wider Company performance and bespoke 
individual objectives for each Executive Director.  We believe that this encourages behaviour that facilitates the future development of the business.

The LTIP is assessed against longer term financial performance conditions, including adjusted earnings per share, to provide a robust measurement of 
the Company’s financial performance over the longer term and ability to deliver a higher and sustained level of return to shareholders.

The Remuneration Committee retains the discretion to adjust the performance conditions and targets where it considers it appropriate to do so.

Pay policy for other employees
The Company values its wider workforce and aims to provide a remuneration package that is market competitive, complies with any statutory 
requirements and is applied fairly and consistently across the wider employee population.  Where remuneration is not determined by statutory 
regulation, the key principles of the compensation philosophy are as follows:

•  We remunerate people in a manner that allows for stability of the business and the opportunity for sustainable long term growth

•  We seek to remunerate fairly and consistently for each role with due regard to market conditions, internal consistency and the Company’s ability  

to pay

Total reward for Executive Directors will be set with sensitivity to subordinate staff within the Group with whom the packages will, as far as possible, be 
consistent and fair.

The Company takes into account the following when setting the Remuneration Policy for Executive Directors:

•  Salary increases for the wider workforce

•  Company-wide benefit (including pension) offerings

•  Overall spend and participation levels in the annual bonus and LTIP

Statement of consideration of shareholder views
The Remuneration Committee considers a pro-active and transparent dialogue with its shareholders to be important.  The Remuneration Committee 
will consult with major shareholders when it proposes to make any major changes to the remuneration policy for Directors.

Annual Report on Remuneration

This section of the Remuneration Report is audited. Emoluments of the Directors were as follows:

2023

Executive

D J S Taylor

D M O’Connor

M Cunningham*1

J A Roper

Non-Executive

A J McWalter*2

B M Hynes

J M Moore

C Stephens

R G W Williams

2022

Executive

D J S Taylor

D M O’Connor

J A Roper

Non-Executive

A J McWalter

B M Hynes

J M Moore

R G W Williams*3

Salary
£

Pension
£

Benefits
£

Pay in lieu  
of pension
£

Annual bonus
£

Total 
remuneration
£

412,945

329,626

124,667

255,675

38,558

51,050

51,050

46,960

74,951

–

–

5,000

–

–

1,680

980

875

–

–

–

–

–

7,012

29,436

6,154

21,243

42,460

194,480

118,460

152,125

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

462,417

555,222

255,261

429,918

38,558

51,050

51,050

46,960

74,951

1,385,482

5,000

3,535

63,845

507,525

1,965,387

236,299

306,667

252,890

84,767

47,300

47,300

12,069

1,010,553

582

582

727

–

–

–

–

20,639

26,810

14,557

160,480

208,466

161,698

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

418,000

542,525

429,872

84,767

47,300

47,300

12,069

1,891

62,006

530,644

1,990,163

M Cunningham*1 From date of appointment 1 June 2023

A J McWalter*2 Until date of resignation 6 June 2023

R G W Williams*3 From date of appointment 11 October 2022

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  35

This section of the Remuneration Report is not audited

All Directors received an increase in base salary of 8.0% during the year, slightly below the base rise given to the majority of other staff. 

There were no contracts of significance during or at the end of the financial year in which a Director of the Company was materially interested. 
Pension costs above represent contributions made by the Group to defined contribution schemes or payments in lieu of such contributions.

Performance bonuses
Performance bonuses were awarded given the achievement of growth in Operating Profit before exceptional items substantially above target levels 
and also in relation to the achievement of personal objectives. 

During 2023 Executive Directors were able to earn a maximum of 100% of salary as a performance bonus. Of this figure 14% of salary was payable for 
achievement of threshold profit levels, 28% for on target performance, 56% for maximum profit objectives and 76% for the achievement of super-
maximum profit objectives. A further 24% of salary could be earned against specified personal objectives. Straight line vesting applied between 
threshold, target and maximum performance levels.

In 2023 threshold profit bonus levels were payable on the achievement of an operating profit before exceptional items of £9,975,000, on target profit 
levels were payable on the achievement of operating profits before exceptional items of £10,500,000, maximum target profit levels were operating 
profits before exceptional items of £11,500,000 and super-maximum target profit levels were operating profits before exceptional items of £12,100,000.

Profit based awards during the year were of 37% of base salary and personal objectives represented a maximum of 24% of base salary. 

Reflecting performance against the financial and personal objectives, the bonus payouts for 2023 are 59%, 59.5% and 61% of salary for D M O’Connor, 
J A Roper and M Cunningham

The operation of the annual performance bonus scheme for 2024 has been amended to reflect increased performance targets taking into 
consideration the interests of shareholders.

Compensation for loss of office
As part of the Company’s succession planning process the Company agreed with D J S Taylor that he would leave his position as Finance Director on 
12 April 2023 and a settlement agreement to this effect was signed on 12 December 2022. Under this settlement agreement D J S Taylor received a sum 
of £331,000. The total sum to be paid includes pay in lieu of a notice period of twelve months as provided in his service contract and is included in the 
salary figure within the emoluments table. 

Long Term Incentive Plan
This section of the Remuneration Report is audited. 

Details of share options granted under the Long Term Incentive Plan are as follows. Each option has an exercise price of 10p per ordinary share.

D J S Taylor

2021 grant

2022 grant

D M O’Connor

2021 grant

2022 grant

2023 grant

M Cunningham

2023 grant

J A Roper

2021 grant

2022 grant

2023 grant

Number of
options
31 December
2022

Options 
granted

Options 
lapsed

Number of
options
31 December
2023

Date from 
which
exercisable

Expiry
date

13,538

16,918

17,586

21,977

–

–

13,641

17,046

–

–

–

–

–

24,425

14,545

–

–

18,945

(13,538)

–

June 2024

June 2031

–

16,918

June 2025

June 2032

(17,586)

–

June 2024

June 2031

–

–

–

21,977

24,425

June 2025

June 2032

June 2026

June 2033

14,545

June 2026

June 2033

(13,641)

–

June 2024

June 2031

–

–

17,046

18,945

June 2025

June 2032

June 2026

June 2033

Exercise of the above options is subject to the achievement of performance conditions as specified by the Remuneration Committee and they are 
also subject to clawback and malus provisions which may be enacted in certain circumstances. The above number of options represent the amount 
that will vest based on the achievement of maximum performance targets. A lower percentage of the above options will vest given the achievement 
of lower than maximum performance. At target performance levels 40% of the above options would be expected to vest. Below threshold 
performance no options will vest.

Notional pension fund interest has been excluded from both the base and target EPS levels.

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36 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Remuneration Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Share price movements during the year
The market price of the Company’s shares at the end of the financial year was 1,450p (2022: 1,175p).  The range of prices for the year to 31 December 
2023 was 1,085p to 1,640p (2022: 1,070p to 1,772.5p) per ordinary share.

Pensions
This section of the Remuneration Report is audited.

D J S Taylor, D M O’Connor and J A Roper were not active members of a Company pension scheme during the year. M Cunningham was an active 
member for part of his employment in the year. Directors are allowed to exchange pension benefits for additional salary. Pension contributions and 
payments in lieu of contributions made by the Group were as shown on page 34 and were at an equivalent rate of 10% of basic salary for D J S Taylor 
and D M O’Connor, 7% for J A Roper and 5% for M Cunningham. 

All scheme members have the opportunity to pay Additional Voluntary Contributions. Neither the contributions nor the resulting benefits are included in 
the above table.

D J S Taylor and D M O’Connor are deferred members of the Churchill Retirement Benefit Scheme. The pension benefit of D J S Taylor is funded to allow 
retirement between the ages of 60 and 65 with a pension based on accrued service to 31 March 2006.  The pension benefit of D M O’Connor is funded 
to allow retirement at 65 with a pension based on accrued service to 31 March 2006.

Directors’ service contracts
Executive Directors are not appointed on contracts for a fixed duration. All Executive Directors have contracts of service which can be terminated with 
a notice period of twelve months from the Company or six months from the Director.  

Non-Executive Directors are generally initially appointed on fixed term contracts for a period of three years before moving to renewal every twelve 
month but may normally be terminated with a notice period of three months. 

There are no defined contractual payments in the event of termination of a Directors’ service contract other than the specified notice period.

Executive

M Cunningham

D M O’Connor

J A Roper

Non-Executive

B M Hynes

J M Moore

R G W Williams

C J Stephens

M K Payne

Date of signature

1 June 2023

15 May 2012

3 November 2015

12 April 2022

25 January 2021

29 September 2022

1 February 2023

16 January 2024

Unexpired term at 
31 December 2023

12 months

12 months

12 months

3 months

1 month

1 year 10 months

2 years 11 months

Not applicable*

* M K Payne’s service contract was signed on 16 January 2024

Directors’ interests
This section of the Remuneration Report is audited.

The interests of the Directors and their immediate families and family trusts at 31 December 2023 in the 10p ordinary shares of the Company were as 
follows:

D M O’Connor

B M Hynes

J A Roper

J M Moore

M Cunningham

R G W Williams

A J McWalter

D J S Taylor

2023

23,655

4,000

994,035

270

2,033

1,000

-

-

2022

23,655

4,000

994,035

270

-

-

6,000

43,555

1,024,993

1,071,515

J A Roper’s interest in the 10p ordinary shares of the Company at 31 December 2023 represented 9.0% (2022: 9.0%) of the Company’s issued  
share capital.

There has been no change in the interests set out above between 31 December 2023 and 9 April 2024.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  37

Director shareholding requirements
Directors are expected to hold shares in the Company in order to align their interests with those of shareholders. In the longer-term Executive Directors 
are encouraged to hold the equivalent of 100% of annual base salary as shares in the Company and it is expected that this target level will be 
achieved by the retention of shares vesting under the Long-Term Incentive Plan after the payment of associated tax. 

Shareholder consultation 
The Remuneration Committee will consult with major shareholders in relation to its operation and particularly in relation to any major changes in the 
Remuneration Policy. During the year, with the exception of the standard resolution at the Annual General Meeting, the Remuneration Committee did 
not believe there was any requirement to make any approach to shareholders on remuneration issues. No significant comments have been received 
from shareholders in relation to remuneration matters.

At the 2022 Annual General Meeting, the standard resolution in relation to the approval of the Report of the Remuneration Committee contained in 
the Annual Report for 2022 was passed. 99.9% of votes were cast in favour of the resolution, 0.1% against, with abstentions of 0.0%. 

Total Shareholder Return – rebased to 100

180.00

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Churchill China

FTSE AIM All Share

(Source: Investec Bank plc)

Over a five year period the Group’s total return to shareholders has remained above that generated by the AIM All Share index. Total returns from the 
Company in the year have increased as a result of a rise in our share price. The Group has also increased dividend payments to shareholders during 
the year. 

Our overall five year return has risen to an average compound rate of 10.53% (AIM: -1.0%). Over the five year period total shareholder return from the 
Group has been 65% whilst that achieved by the AIM index as a whole was -5%. In the year to 31 December 2023 the overall return from the Group 
was 26.4%, (AIM: -6.4%).

In the opinion of the Directors the above index is the most appropriate against which to measure the total shareholder return of Churchill China plc.

FTSE

Over the same period the Chief Executive Officer’s remuneration has been as follows:

Single figure of remuneration (£’000)

Bonus payout (of base salary)

LTIP vesting (of maximum)

Profit before exceptional items and income tax (£’000)

Share price at 31 December 

2018

617

70%

100%

9,388

940p

2019

810

70%

100%

11,176

1,820p

2020

293

0%

0%

848

2021

605

99%

0%

5,963

1,340p

1,762.5p

2022

543

68%

0%

9,054

1,175p

Churchill

2023

557

60%

0%

10,843

1,450p

300

250

200

150

On behalf of the Board

100

J M Moore

50

Chair of the Remuneration Committee

9 April 2023

0

2010y

2011y

2012y

2013y

2014y

2015y

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38 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Nomination Committee Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Annual Statement
During the year the Company has continued its succession activities. As previously communicated, Alan McWalter retired from the Board and 
Nomination Committee and was replaced by Robin Williams. David Taylor resigned from the Board and the role of CFO was assumed by Michael 
Cunningham. Caroline Stephens joined the Board as an Independent Non-Executive Director. 

The Nomination Committee has considered a number of matters during the year including:

•  Consideration of the current and future structure, size and composition of the Board, including assessment of its skills, knowledge and experience. 

Levels of diversity and independence within the Board have been clear areas of focus;

•  Further development and implementation of a formal succession plan covering the Company’s Board and the Board of its principal subsidiary 

Churchill China (UK) Limited; 

•  The recruitment of a further experienced independent Non-Executive Director, Martin Payne, who joined the Board in January 2024.

The Board recognises the need for independence within its Non-Executive Directors and has a Board with four independent members. Alongside this 
desire to maintain an appropriate level of independence the Board also recognises the benefit that experience and knowledge of the business and its 
values bring to the Company. Our succession planning and nomination processes will always attempt to balance these two objectives.

The Nomination Committee operates under Terms of Reference agreed by the Board. 

R G W Williams 
Chair of the Nomination Committee

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  39

Audit Committee Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Dear Shareholders
I am pleased to present our Audit Committee (AC) Report for 2023 and my final one as Chair of the Committee.

I begin this report by welcoming Martin Payne who joined the Company on 16 January 2024 and who has joined the AC and will replace me as Chair 
following the preliminary results announcement on the 10th April 2024.

The AC’s primary role is to assist the Board in its oversight of the financial controls of the business and in the assessment of the risk management 
framework of the operation. In addition, the Committee is responsible for assessing the independence, quality and objectivity of the external Auditor 
and in assessing the appropriateness of the fees being charged, ensuring value for money for the shareholders.

Our programme over the year focused on matters that involve a level of judgement to the ongoing results and performance of Churchill. We review 
areas that have levels of estimation and where there is increasing stakeholder scrutiny. 

Topics addressed in 2023 included a review of standard costing models and their impact on stock levels and an in-depth full balance sheet review 
following the start of the new CFO; a review of the new TCFD reporting included in this Annual Report.

The Audit Committee has considered a number of matters since the beginning of 2023 including:

•  Review of the annual and interim financial results and the Annual Report;

•  Consideration of the Report of the External Auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, to the Audit Committee; 

•  Agreement of the Audit Plan of the External Auditors for the year to 31 December 2023 including the scope of work to be carried out;

•  Review of the independence, effectiveness and level of fees to be paid to the External Auditors; 

•  Consideration of the Company’s Risk Review process and the changes in risk arising from changes in the business environment with particular 

reference to financial performance, new and emerging risks, cybersecurity, business continuity and financial resilience

Financial reporting and significant financial issues
The Audit Committee assesses whether suitable accounting policies have been adopted, whether management have made appropriate estimates 
and judgements and reviews reports prepared by management in relation to major judgements.

Stock valuation has been reviewed in depth to ensure that the balance sheet accurately reflects the value being held. This is particularly critical as the 
Company has been deliberately increasing its stock holding position in order to improve customer service levels.

The Audit Committee has considered the position of the Group’s Defined Benefit Pension Scheme and believes that it is appropriate to recognise the 
surplus of £7.9m as calculate under IAS 19 as an asset within the Financial Statements.

Auditors
The Board, on the recommendation of the Audit Committee, has appointed PwC to complete the audit. The company carried a retendering process 
in 2022 and is satisfied as to the independence, quality and value offered by PwC.

Internal audit
The Company does not use an internal audit department and currently does not believe that, given the size and structure of the business, the 
geographic proximity of its major operations and the close control effected by the involvement of Executive Directors in the day to day running of the 
business, such a department would provide an effective means of gaining significant improvements in internal control.  The requirement for an internal 
audit function is reviewed annually.

B M Hynes 
Chair of the Audit Committee 

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40 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Independent auditors’ report 
to the members of Churchill China plc

Report on the audit of the financial statements
Opinion
In our opinion:

•  Churchill China plc’s group financial statements and company financial statements (the “financial statements”) give a true and fair view of the 
state of the group’s and of the company’s affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of the group’s profit and the group’s cash flows for the year then 
ended;

• 

• 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006;

the company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice 
(United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 101 “Reduced Disclosure Framework”, and applicable law); and

• 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

We have audited the financial statements, included within the Annual Report, which comprise: the consolidated and company balance sheets 
as at 31 December 2023; the consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated cash flow 
statement and the reconciliation of operating profit to net cash inflow from operating activities, and the consolidated and company statements 
of changes in equity for the year then ended; and the notes to the financial statements, which include a description of the significant accounting 
policies.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under 
ISAs (UK) are further described in the Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Independence
We remained independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the 
UK, which includes the FRC’s Ethical Standard, as applicable to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 
these requirements.

Our audit approach

Overview

Audit scope

•  We conducted a full scope audit of Churchill China (UK) Limited and Churchill China plc, as well as targeted procedures 
on specific balances in Furlong Mills Limited, which collectively accounts for 99% of consolidated revenue, 100% of profit 
before income tax and 96% of total assets.

•  The consolidation adjustments included within the consolidated results of the group have been audited to overall group 

Key audit matters

• 

Inventory valuation (group)

performance materiality.

•  Valuation of defined benefit pension liability (group)

•  Valuation of the investments in subsidiaries (parent)

Materiality

•  Overall group materiality: £539,000 (2022: £480,000) based on 5% of profit before tax (2022: 5% of profit before tax).

•  Overall company materiality: £102,000 (2022: £103,000) based on 1% of total assets.

•  Performance materiality: £404,000 (2022: £360,000) (group) and £77,000 (2022: 77,000) (company).

The scope of our audit
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements.

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in the auditors’ professional judgement, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements 
of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) identified by the auditors, 
including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the 
engagement team. These matters, and any comments we make on the results of our procedures thereon, were addressed in the context of our audit 
of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.

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The valuation of the investments in subsidiaries and valuation of pension liabilities are new key audit matters this year. Otherwise, the key audit matters 
below are consistent with last year.

Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  41

Key audit matter

Inventory valuation (group)

Refer to the summary of significant accounting policies and critical 
accounting estimates and judgements in note 1 to the accounts, and note 
14 (Inventories).

Inventory represents a significant asset on the group’s balance sheet and 
is carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value (“NRV”). The group’s 
accounting policy is to determine a provision based upon obsolete, 
slow moving or defective inventories, taking into account historical sales 
volumes, agreed stock levels and expected scrap values. There is a risk that 
the provision is materially misstated given the quantum and inherent levels 
of estimation uncertainty in its determination.

Valuation of defined benefit pension liability (group)

Refer to the summary of significant accounting policies in note 1 to the 
accounts and note 20 (Retirement benefit asset).

The valuation of pension plan liabilities requires estimation in determining 
appropriate assumptions such as salary increases, mortality rates, discount 
rates and inflation levels. Movement in these assumptions can have a 
material impact on the determination of the liability. Management uses 
external actuaries to assist in determining these assumptions, and this is 
considered to be the significant audit risk.

Valuation of the investments in subsidiaries (parent)

Refer to the summary of significant accounting policies in note 1 to the 
accounts, and note 13 (Investments in subsidiaries ).

Subsidiary companies are stated at cost less any provisions for impairment. 
Where an event has occurred that gives rise to doubt about the recovery 
of the carrying value an impairment assessment is made. The impairment 
is calculated by comparing the investments carrying value to the 
recoverable amount as required by FRS 101.  This balance remains the 
largest single balance in the Company’s accounts and so has been the 
principal focus of our audit effort.

How our audit addressed the key audit matter

For a sample of inventory lines, we tested the inputs to the provision 
calculation, including historical sales data, agreed stock levels, scrap 
values and the cost of the item, agreeing the respective inputs to 
supporting information.

We tested the integrity of the provision calculation model to assess 
whether it was mathematically accurate.

In order to assess the level of inventory provision held at year end, we 
have performed several lookback assessments and other analytical 
procedures which include considering; the inventory SKU’s where total 
contribution in the year was negative, any damaged stock that has 
had to be written down and any SKUs which have not been sold for 
a period of time and hence would be classified as clearance stock.  
For the raw material provision we challenged management on the 
provision with reference to prices achieved on actual sales made in 
the year and subsequent to the year end, and estimated future selling 
prices.  

We found the final accounting for inventory valuation provisions to 
be materially appropriate and consistent with the audit evidence 
obtained.

We used our actuarial experts to assess whether the assumptions used 
in the calculation of the defined benefit liability were reasonable and 
in line with accounting standards. We assessed the reasonableness of 
those assumptions by comparing to our own independently determined 
benchmarks considering the potential impact if these assumptions are 
to be changed within a reasonable range.

We ensured the sensitivity analysis disclosed in the financial statements 
was consistent with the actuarial report.

We found that the final assumptions utilised were reasonable and within 
our expected ranges and supported by available evidence.

We evaluated whether there were any indicators of an impairment 
trigger in relation to the parent company’s investments balance, with 
specific consideration given to the following:

• 

the trading results of the subsidiaries, forecasts results and market 
capitalisation of the Group;

•  any significant changes with an adverse impact in relation to the 

market in which the subsidiaries operates, noting that there were no 
such changes.

We consider management’s conclusion that there are no indicators of 
impairment to be appropriate.

How we tailored the audit scope
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, 
taking into account the structure of the group and the company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate.

The group financial statements are predominantly a consolidation of three UK statutory entities, comprising the group’s main trading entity, Churchill 
China (UK) Limited, the Churchill China plc company and Furlong Mills Limited. In establishing the overall approach to the group audit strategy, we 
concluded that Churchill China (UK) Limited and Churchill China plc are full scope components. Where balances in out of scope components, such as 
Furlong Mills Limited, are in excess of group performance materiality and contribute a significant proportion of a certain financial statement line item, 
these balances have also been subject to audit procedures. For the two full scope components, we have allocated materiality to these components 
and designed our audit testing for each financial statement line item based on the size and nature of the transactions and balances for that line item 
and our assessment of the risk of material misstatement. We used our professional judgement to determine the nature and extent of testing required 
over each line item in the company financial statements.

The impact of climate risk on our audit
As part of our audit we made enquiries of management to understand the extent of the potential impact of climate risk on the  group’s and 
company’s financial statements, and we remained alert when performing our audit procedures for any indicators of the impact of climate risk. Our 
procedures did not identify any material impact as a result of climate risk on the group’s and company’s financial statements.

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42 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Independent auditors’ report 
to the members of Churchill China plc

Materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. These, together with 
qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual 
financial statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial 
statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows:

Financial statements – group

Financial statements – company

Overall materiality

£539,000 (2022: £480,000).

£102,000 (2022: £103,000).

How we determined it

5% of profit before tax (2022: 5% of profit before tax)

1% of total assets

Rationale for 
benchmark applied

Profit before tax (PBT) is the primary measure used by the 
shareholders in assessing the performance of the group and is a 
generally accepted auditing benchmark.

The Company is not a profit oriented entity and is a 
holding company. As such it is considered that total 
assets is the most appropriate basis upon which to 
determine materiality and this is a generally accepted 
auditing benchmark.

For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall group materiality. The range of materiality 
allocated across components was between £102,000 and £512,000.

We use performance materiality to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds overall materiality. Specifically, we use performance materiality in determining the scope of our audit and the nature 
and extent of our testing of account balances, classes of transactions and disclosures, for example in determining sample sizes. Our performance 
materiality was 75% (2022: 75%) of overall materiality, amounting to £404,000 (2022: £360,000) for the group financial statements and £77,000 (2022: 
77,000) for the company financial statements.

In determining the performance materiality, we considered a number of factors - the history of misstatements, risk assessment and aggregation risk and 
the effectiveness of controls - and concluded that an amount at the upper end of our normal range was appropriate.

We agreed with those charged with governance that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above £26000 (group audit) 
(2022: £24,000) and £4,000 (company audit) (2022: £5,000) as well as misstatements below those amounts that, in our view, warranted reporting for 
qualitative reasons.

Conclusions relating to going concern
Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the group’s and the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting 
included:

•  Evaluating management’s detailed cash flow forecasts and liquidity headroom under both a base case and downside scenarios;

•  Testing that the cash flows are consistent with board approved forecasts;

•  Assessing management’s track record of forecasting accuracy;

•  Testing the integrity of management’s cash flow models; and

•  Assessing whether any mitigating actions are within the control of management.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or 
collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve 
months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the 
financial statements is appropriate.

However, because not all future events or conditions can be predicted, this conclusion is not a guarantee as to the group’s and the company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Reporting on other information 
The other information comprises all of the information in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our auditors’ report thereon. The 
directors are responsible for the other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, accordingly, we 
do not express an audit opinion or, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in this report, any form of assurance thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other 
information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially 
misstated. If we identify an apparent material inconsistency or material misstatement, we are required to perform procedures to conclude whether 
there is a material misstatement of the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report 
based on these responsibilities.

With respect to the Strategic report and Directors’ report, we also considered whether the disclosures required by the UK Companies Act 2006 have 
been included.

Based on our work undertaken in the course of the audit, the Companies Act 2006 requires us also to report certain opinions and matters as described 
below.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  43

Strategic report and Directors’ report
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, the information given in the Strategic report and Directors’ report for the year 
ended 31 December 2023 is consistent with the financial statements and has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we did not identify 
any material misstatements in the Strategic report and Directors’ report.

Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements
As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the financial statements, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable framework and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. The 
directors are also responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the company’s ability to continue as a going concern, 
disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined 
above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting 
irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

Based on our understanding of the group and industry, we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws and regulations related to 
Companies Act 2006 and taxation legislation, and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a material effect on the financial 
statements. We evaluated management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of 
override of controls), and determined that the principal risks were related to posting inappropriate journal entries that increase profit and management 
bias in accounting estimates. Audit procedures performed by the engagement team included:

•  Discussions with management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud;

•  Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;

•  Made enquiries as to whether there was any correspondence with legal advisors;

•  Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in their significant accounting estimates; and

•  Testing of journals posted to revenue and expenses that have unusual account combinations.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws 
and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material 
misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for 
example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.

Our audit testing might include testing complete populations of certain transactions and balances, possibly using data auditing techniques. However, 
it typically involves selecting a limited number of items for testing, rather than testing complete populations. We will often seek to target particular items 
for testing based on their size or risk characteristics. In other cases, we will use audit sampling to enable us to draw a conclusion about the population 
from which the sample is selected.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the FRC’s website at:  
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditors’ report.

Use of this report
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any 
other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.

Other required reporting
Companies Act 2006 exception reporting
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:

•  we have not obtained all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not 

visited by us; or

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• 

the company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns.

We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.

Sarah Phillips (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
Birmingham
9 April 2024

30824 

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44 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Income Statement

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Revenue

Operating profit before exceptional items

Exceptional items

Operating profit

Finance income

Finance costs

Profit before exceptional items and income tax

Exceptional items

Profit before income tax

Income tax expense

Profit for the year 

Basic earnings per ordinary share

Adjusted basic earnings per ordinary share

All of the above figures relate to continuing operations.

The notes on pages 52 to 73 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Note

2

3

3

6

6

3

8

9

9

2023
£’000

82,339

10,252

–

10,252

611

(75)

10,788

–

10,788

(3,071)

7,717

70.2p

70.2p

2022
£’000

82,528

9,142

547

9,689

60

(148)

9,054

547

9,601

(1,706)

7,895

71.7p

66.9p

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  45

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Other comprehensive (expense)/income

Items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss:

Remeasurements of post-employment benefit obligations net of tax

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss:

Currency translation differences

Other comprehensive (expense)/income for the year 

Profit for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year

Note

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

19

(900)

9,332

(25)

(925)

7,717

6,792

58

9,390

7,895

17,285

Amounts in the statement above are disclosed net of tax. The income tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income is disclosed  
in note 8. 

30824 

  2 May 2024 5:46 pm 

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46 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Balance Sheet

as at 31 December 2023

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Deferred income tax assets

Retirement benefit assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Other financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Non-current liabilities

Lease liabilities

Deferred income tax liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Net assets

Equity attributable to owners of the Company 

Issued share capital

Share premium account

Treasury shares

Other reserves

Retained earnings

Total equity

Note

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

11

12

19

20

14

15

16

17

18

19

21

21

22

25,085

23,039

663

82

7,855

33,685

21,896

11,036

–

13,933

46,865

80,550

(14,355)

(14,355)

(677)

(5,577)

(6,254)

(20,609)

59,941

1,103

2,348

(431)

1,363

55,558

59,941

849

132

6,924

30,944

15,889

14,380

5,057

9,604

44,930

75,874

(14,291)

(14,291)

(477)

(4,458)

(4,935)

(19,226)

56,648

1,103

2,348

(431)

1,344

52,284

56,648

The notes on pages 52 to 73 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. The financial statements on pages 44 to 73 were approved 
by the Board of Directors on 9th April 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:

D M O’Connor 
Director 

M Cunningham 
Director

Company number 02709505

30824 

  2 May 2024 5:46 pm 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  47

Company Balance Sheet

as at 31 December 2023

Fixed assets

Intangible assets

Investments in subsidiaries

Current assets

Trade and other receivables: non-current

Trade and other receivables: current

Deferred income tax assets

Cash at bank and in hand

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Trade and other payables

Net current assets

Total assets less current liabilities

Net assets

Equity attributable to owners of the Company

Issued share capital

Share premium account

Treasury shares

Other reserves

Retained earnings

Total equity

Note

12

13

15

15

19

17

21

21

22

2023
£’000

531

7,008

7,539

2022
£’000

735

7,008

7,743

1,951

1,970

307

–

362

393

33

187

2,620

2,583

(71)

2,549

10,088

10,088

1,103

2,348

(431)

198

6,870

10,088

(50)

2,533

10,276

10,276

1,103

2,348

(431)

145

7,111

10,276

The notes on pages 52 to 73 are an integral part of these financial statements.

The financial statements on pages 44 to 73 were approved by the Board of Directors on 9th April 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:

D M O’Connor 
Director 

M Cunningham 
Director

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the Company profit and loss account. 
The profit of the Company for the year was £3,311,000 (2022: £3,343,000).

30824 

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48 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Retained 
earnings
£’000

Issued share 
capital
£’000

Note

Share 
premium 
account
£’000

Treasury 
shares
£’000

Other
reserves
£’000

Total 
equity
£’000

38,117

1,103

2,348

(80)

1,195

42,683

Balance at 1 January 2022

Comprehensive income/(expense):

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(expense):

Depreciation transfer – gross

Depreciation transfer – tax

Remeasurement of post-employment 
benefit obligations – net of tax

Currency translation

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Transactions with owners

Dividends relating to 2022

Treasury Shares

Share based payment

Deferred tax – share based payment

Total transactions with owners

Balance at 31 December 2022

Comprehensive income/(expense):

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(expense):

Depreciation transfer – gross

Depreciation transfer – tax

Remeasurement of post-employment 
benefit obligations – net of tax

Currency translation

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Dividends relating to 2023

Share based payment

Deferred tax – share based payments

Total transactions with owners

Balance at 31 December 2023

7,895

12

(3)

9,332

–

17,236

(3,062)

–

–

(7)

(3,069)

52,284

7,717

12

(3)

(900)

–

6,826

(3,519)

–

(33)

(3,552)

55,558

10

22

21

19

10

21

19

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1,103

2,348

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(351)

–

–

(351)

(431)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

7,895

(12)

3

–

58

49

–

–

100

–

100

1,344

–

–

9,332

58

17,285

(3,062)

(351)

100

(7)

(3,320)

56,648

–

7,717

(12)

3

–

(25)

(34)

–

53

–

53

–

–

(900)

(25)

6,792

(3,519)

53

(33)

(3,499)

59,941

1,103

2,348

(431)

1,363

Other Reserves
Included within other reserves are the revaluation, currency reserve and share based payment reserves. 

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  49

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Balance at 1 January 2022

Comprehensive Income:

Profit for the year

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Dividends relating to 2022

Treasury shares

Share based payment

Deferred tax – share based payment

Total transactions with owners

Balance at 31 December 2022

Comprehensive income:

Profit for the year

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Dividends relating to 2023

Share based payment

Deferred tax – share based payments

Total transactions with owners

Balance at 31 December 2023

Retained 
earnings
£’000

Issued share 
capital
£’000

Note

Share 
premium 
account
£’000

Treasury 
shares
£’000

Other
reserves
£’000

Total
 equity
£’000

6,837

1,103

2,348

(80)

45

10,253

10

22

21

19

10

21

19

3,343

3,343

(3,062)

–

–

(7)

(3,069)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(351)

–

–

(351)

7,111

1,103

2,348

(431)

3,311

3,311

(3,519)

–

(33)

(3,552)

6,870

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1,103

2,348

(431)

–

–

–

–

100

–

100

145

–

–

–

53

–

53

198

3,343

3,343

(3,062)

(351)

100

(7)

(3,320)

10,276

3,311

3,311

(3,519)

53

(33)

(3,499)

10,088

Other Reserves
Included within other reserves are the revaluation, currency and share based payment reserves.

30824 

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50 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash generated from operations (see page 51)

Interest received

Interest paid

Income tax paid

Net cash generated from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Purchases of intangible assets

Repayment/(payment) of other financial assets

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Dividends paid

Principal elements of leases

Purchase of treasury shares

Net cash generated from/(used in) in financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Exchange loss/(gain) on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

2023
£’000

8,321

229

(75)

–

8,475

2022
£’000

4,939

60

(35)

(991)

3,973

(5,334)

(4,618)

54

(73)

5,057

(296)

(3,519)

(330)

–

(3,849)

4,330

9,604

(1)

13,933

15

(86)

(1,052)

(5,741)

(3,062)

(263)

(351)

(3,676)

(5,444)

15,046

2

9,604

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  51

Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Net Cash
Inflow from Operating Activities

for the year ended 31 December 2023

Continuing operating activities

Operating profit after exceptional items

Adjustments for:

Depreciation and amortisation

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Charge for share based payments

Defined benefit pension cash contribution (see note 20)

Changes in working capital:

Inventory

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other payables

Net cash inflow from operations

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

10,252

9,689

3,510

(16)

53

2,983

(4)

100

(1,750)

(1,750)

(6,007)

2,346

(67)

8,321

(5,403)

(3,067)

2,391

4,939

30824 

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52 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

for the year ended 31 December 2023

1.  Summary of significant accounting policies

Churchill China plc is a public company limited by shares that is incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom. The address of its registered 
office is No.1 Marlborough Way, Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST6 5NZ, England. The Company’s ordinary shares are publicly traded on 
AIM and it is not under the control of any single shareholder.

Group significant accounting policies
Basis of Preparation
The financial statements of Churchill China plc have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and 
with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under those standards.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, financial assets and financial liabilities 
(including derivative instruments) at fair value through profit or loss and defined benefit pension plan measured at fair value.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain key sources of estimation uncertainty. It also requires 
management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of 
judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in 
note 1.

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have 
been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

Going concern
The Board confirms that, having made enquiries, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and the Company have 
adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in the preparation of the financial statements.

The Board has considered alternative scenarios in relation to the effect of loss of revenues and input cost rises. This review has included 
consideration of the impact of different levels of reduction in revenue, different periods of effect, alternative operational responses and cost 
reduction plans, the high level of cash and deposits held by the Group and additional available financing. 

These reviews indicate that it is reasonable for the business to expect to continue in operational existence for at least the next twelve months.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted 
There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.

Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of Churchill China plc include the results of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The financial statements of each undertaking in the Group are prepared to the balance sheet date under FRS 101. Subsidiary accounting 
policies are amended, where necessary, to ensure consistency with the Group accounting policies under IFRS. 

Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies generally accompanying a 
shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or 
convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which 
control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. 

The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the purchase of subsidiaries by the Group. The cost of an acquisition is measured as 
the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Acquisition-related costs 
are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured 
initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the 
fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of 
the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement. 

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated.

Segment reporting
Segmental information is reported in a way consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief 
operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments has been identified 
as the Board of Churchill China plc. Income arising directly from a business segment is identified to that segment. Transactions between 
reportable segments are at arms length.

Revenue
The Group manufactures and sells a range of ceramic tableware and raw materials to the ceramics industry. Revenue and a corresponding 
receivable are recognised when title and control of the products has transferred, since at this point in time the consideration is unconditional 
because only the passage of time is required before payment is due. Sales of ceramic tableware are made on an ex works basis, with revenue 
being recognised at the point of despatch. Sales of raw materials are made on a delivered basis, with revenue recognised following delivery to 
the relevant customer site.

Products are often sold with retrospective volume discounts based on aggregate sales over a 12 month period. Revenue from these sales is 
recognised based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated volume discounts percentage contractually agreed. Actual 
experience is used to estimate and provide for the discounts, using the expected value method, and revenue is only recognised to the extent 
that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur. No significant element of financing is deemed present, because the sales are 
made with a standard credit term, consistent with market practice. The Group’s obligation to replace faulty products under the quality and 
edge chip warranty terms is recognised in other creditors.

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  53

1.  Summary of significant accounting policies continued

Interest income is recognised on a time basis by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive payment has been established.

Leases
New leases are reviewed and classified in accordance with IFRS 16 based on their length and value. Right of use assets are recognised within 
Property, Plant and Equipment. Current lease liabilities are recognised in trade and other payables and non-current lease liabilities are presented 
on a separate line on the balance sheet as there are no other non-current trade and other payables.

Operating profit and exceptional items
Operating profit is stated both before and after the effect of exceptional items but before the Group’s finance income and costs and taxation.

The Group has adopted an income statement format which seeks to highlight significant items within the Group results for the period. Such items 
are considered by the Directors to be exceptional in size and nature rather than being representative of the underlying trading of the Group, 
and may include such items as restructuring costs, non-trading related income, material impairments of non-current assets, material profits and 
losses on the disposal of assets, material increases or reductions in pension scheme charges and material increases or decreases in taxation 
costs as a result of changes in legislation. The Directors apply judgement in assessing the particular items, which by virtue of their size and nature 
are separately disclosed in the income statement and notes to the financial statements as “Exceptional items”. The Directors believe that the 
separate disclosure of these items is relevant in understanding the Group’s financial performance.

Dividends
Dividends to the Company’s shareholders are recognised as a liability in the Group’s financial statements in the period in which the dividends are 
paid, following approval by the Company’s shareholders.

Interest received/paid
Interest received and paid is treated in the cash flow statement as a cash flow from operating activities as this reflects the nature of the Group’s 
business.

Retirement benefit costs
The Group operates a defined benefit pension scheme and defined contribution pension schemes. 

The defined benefit scheme is valued every three years by a professionally qualified independent Actuary. In intervening years, the Actuary 
reviews the continuing appropriateness of the valuation. Scheme liabilities are measured using the projected unit method and the amount 
recognised in the balance sheet is the present value of these liabilities at the balance sheet date. The discount rate used to calculate the 
present value of liabilities is the interest rate attaching to high quality corporate bonds. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those 
of the Group and are measured at fair value. The net obligation/asset presented in the balance sheet is calculated on an actuarial basis at the 
reporting date. An asset position is recognised where the assets of scheme exceed the present value of the liabilities, if in accordance with the 
scheme rules and accounting standards, the Group believes any surplus recognised would be recoverable. The accrual of further benefits under 
the scheme ceased on 31 March 2006.

The regular service cost of providing retirement benefits to employees during the year, together with the cost of any benefits relating to  
past service and any benefits arising from curtailments, is charged or credited to operating profit in the year. These costs are included within  
staff costs.

A net interest income or cost on defined benefit plans is included within finance income or cost, based on the discount rate on the net post-
employment obligation measured at the beginning of the year. The difference between the market value of assets and the present value of 
accrued pension liabilities is shown as an asset or liability in the balance sheet. 

Remeasurements of post-employment benefit obligations are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the year, together with 
differences arising from changes in actuarial assumptions.

Costs associated with defined contribution schemes represent contributions payable by the Group during the year and are charged to the 
income statement as they fall due. 

Share based payments
Where equity settled share options have been issued to employees, the fair value of options at the date of grant is charged to the Income 
Statement over the period over which the options are expected to vest. The number of ordinary shares expected to vest at each balance sheet 
date are adjusted to reflect non market vesting conditions such that the total charge recognised over the vesting period reflects the number 
of options that ultimately vest. Market vesting conditions are reflected within the fair value of the options granted. If the terms and conditions 
attaching to options are amended before the options vest any change in the fair value of the options is charged to the Income Statement over 
the remaining period to the vesting date.

National insurance contributions payable by the Company in relation to unapproved share option schemes are provided for on the difference 
between the share price at the balance sheet date and the exercise price of the option where the share price is higher than the exercise price. 

Foreign currencies
The individual financial statements of each Group company are presented in the currency of the primary economic environment in which the 
company operates (its functional currency). For the purpose of the consolidated financial statements, the results of each entity are expressed in 
sterling, which is the presentation currency of the Group and is the presentation currency for the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. 
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates 
of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. Non monetary items that are 
measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated at 
exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates for the period. 
Exchange differences arising, if any, are accounted for in other comprehensive income.

30824 

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54 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

1.  Summary of significant accounting policies continued

In order to manage its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks, the Group enters into forward currency contracts (see “Derivative financial 
instruments” below).

Derivative financial instruments
The Group’s operations expose it to the financial risks of changes in exchange rates. The Group uses forward currency contracts to mitigate 
this exposure. The Group does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial 
instruments are recognised immediately in the income statement as soon as they arise. Contracts are initially recognised at fair value, gains and 
losses on all derivatives held at fair value outstanding at a balance sheet date are recognised in the income statement.

Hedge accounting is not considered to be appropriate to the above currency risk management techniques and has not been applied.

Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax.

Current tax is based on the taxable profit for the year. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However, deferred income tax is not accounted for, if it arises from the 
initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction there is no effect 
on either accounting or taxable profit or loss. The Group’s liability for deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date or are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or deferred 
income tax liability is settled.

Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the 
temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities may be set off against each other provided there is a legal right to do so and it is managements’ intention to 
do so.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is shown at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, as adjusted for the revaluation of certain land and buildings.

Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost, less any provision for impairment, of plant, property and equipment, less their estimated 
residual values over the expected useful economic lives of the assets concerned. The principal annual rates used for this purpose are:

Freehold buildings

Plant and machinery

Motor vehicles

Fixtures and fittings

%

2 on cost

10–25 on cost

25 on reducing net book value

25–33 on cost

Freehold land and assets in the course of construction is not depreciated. 

Right of use assets are depreciated on a straight line basis over the remaining life of the lease in accordance with IFRS 16.

The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. An asset’s carrying amount is 
written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets, which comprise computer software, are shown at cost net of accumulated amortisation. Amortisation is calculated so as to 
write off the cost, less any provision for impairment, of intangible assets, less their estimated residual values over the expected useful economic 
lives of the assets concerned. The principal annual rate used for this purpose is:

Computer software

Trademarks acquired

Neither the Group nor the Company holds any goodwill.

%

33 on cost

10–20 on cost

Impairment of non financial assets
At each reporting date the Directors assess whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indicator exists the Group 
tests for impairment by estimating the recoverable amount of the asset. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value of an asset an 
impairment loss is required. In addition to this, assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment at least annually. The recoverable amount is 
measured as the higher of net realisable value or value in use. Non financial assets other than goodwill that have suffered an impairment are 
reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

30824 

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1.  Summary of significant accounting policies continued

Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  55

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a first in first out basis and includes, where appropriate, 
direct materials, direct labour, overheads incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and condition and transport and handling 
costs. Net realisable value is the estimated selling cost less all further costs to sale. Provision is made where necessary for obsolete, slow moving 
and defective inventories.

Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment. A large proportion of the Group’s outstanding Trade Receivables are covered by credit insurance, however where this 
is not in place the Group applies the IFRS 9 expected credit loss model when reviewing the provision against Trade Receivables. Industry and 
sector information is reviewed to ensure any factors that would affect the future ability of these receivables to be collected is recognised.

Other financial assets
Other receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are 
included in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the end of the reporting period. These are classified as non 
current assets.

The Group routinely invests in deposit accounts whereby between 32 and 95 days notice is required to withdraw the cash. The Group do not 
consider these items to be short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and consequently these are presented as an 
other financial asset, rather than cash and cash equivalent within the financial statements. 

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held on call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with original 
maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Cash and cash equivalents are as defined under IAS 7.

Provisions
Provisions are recognised when (i) the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, (ii) it is probable that an 
outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and (iii) the amount has been reliably estimated. The Directors estimate the amount 
of provisions required to settle any obligation at the balance sheet date. Provisions are discounted to their present value where the effect would 
be material. 

Financial risk management
Financial risk factors
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks; market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk, cash flow interest 
rate risk), credit risk, price risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial 
markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The Group uses derivative financial instruments to 
manage certain risk exposures.

Financial risk management is carried out by the finance department under policies approved by the Board of Directors.

(a) Market risk

(i) Currency risk
The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily in relation to the US 
dollar and Euro. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognised assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign 
operations. Details of the year end receivables in their respective currency can be found in note 15.

The Group’s treasury risk management policy is to secure all of the contractually certain cash flows (mainly export sales and the purchase 
of inventory) and to review likely forward exposures in each major currency. Contractual certainty is considered to be where the Group has 
received a firm sales order or placed a firm purchase order.

At 31 December 2023, if Sterling had weakened by 5% against the US dollar with all other variables held constant, post tax profit for the year 
would have been £303,000 (2022: £254,000) higher, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains on translation of US dollar denominated trade 
receivables, payables and cash balances. Equity would have been a further £25,000 (2022: £26,000) higher mainly as a result of differences 
in the translation of US dollar investments in subsidiary undertakings. If Sterling had weakened by 5% against the Euro with all other variables 
held constant, post tax profit for the year would have been £937,000 (2022: £942,000) higher, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains on 
translation of Euro denominated trade receivables and cash balances. There would have been no substantial other changes in Equity. 

(ii) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
The Group holds significant interest bearing assets and its finance income and operating cash flows are linked to changes in market interest 
rates. The Group has no significant short or long term borrowings.

The Group identifies cash balances in excess of short and medium-term working capital requirements (see liquidity risk) and invests these 
balances in short and medium-term money market deposits.

At 31 December 2023, had the interest rates achieved been 5% higher with all other variables held constant then post tax profit for the year 
would have been £9,000 (2022: £3,000 higher). Other components of equity would have been unchanged.

30824 

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56 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

1.  Summary of significant accounting policies continued

(b) Credit risk
Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, other financial assets and credit exposures including 
outstanding trade receivables and committed transactions. 

Cash and cash equivalents are as follows:

A1/A+ institutions

Other financial assets are as follows:

Santander UK plc

HSBC Bank plc

2023 
£’000

13,933

2023 
£’000

–

–

–

2022 
£’000

9,604

2022
 £’000

3,036

2,021

5,057

Credit rating

A1

A1

Risk attached to the receipt of UK trade receivables is largely controlled through the assessment of the credit quality of each customer, taking 
into account its financial position, past experience and third party credit information. Risks attaching to export trade receivables are controlled 
through the use of export credit insurance and confirmed letters of credit. Where these cannot be obtained the credit control department 
assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its financial position, past experience and other factors.

The Group manages its debtor position and considers it is in a position of having limited credit risk (see note 15).

(c) Price risk 
As explained in the Strategic Report, the Group results are affected by changes in market prices. The risk attached to this is managed by close 
relationships with suppliers and ongoing product development.

(d) Liquidity risk 
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and available funding through committed credit facilities. Liquidity risk is 
managed on a Group basis with expected cash flows being monitored against current cash and cash equivalents and committed borrowing 
facilities.

The Group has no long-term borrowing and funds its operations from its own cash reserves and the Directors do not consider there to be 
significant liquidity risk. All liabilities are generally due within 3 months with the exception of lease liabilities for which the maturity profile is set out 
in note 23.

Capital risk management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, to provide finance for the 
long-term development of the business and to generate returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders in the business.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to 
shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

The Group currently has no debt.

Fair value estimation
The carrying value of trade and other receivables and trade and other payables are assumed to approximate their fair values.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future 
events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the 
related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of 
assets and liabilities are discussed below.

(a) Net realisable value of excess inventories (estimate):
The Group identifies inventory where it is believed that the quantity held is in excess of that which may be realised at normal price levels. The 
realisable value of this inventory is assessed taking into account the estimated sales price less further costs of sale. If the net realisable value of 
excess inventories were to be 10% higher than management’s estimates the value of this provision would reduce by £358,000 (2022: £265,000). If 
the net realisable value of excess inventories were to be 10% lower than management’s estimates the value of this provision would increase by 
£379,000 (2022: £265,000).

30824 

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1.  Summary of significant accounting policies continued

Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  57

(b) Pension benefits assumptions (estimate):
The present value depends on several factors on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net 
cost of income for pensions include the discount rate. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of pension obligations. 
The Group determines the appropriate discount rate at the end of each year. This is the interest rate that should be used to determine the 
present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the pension obligations. In determining the appropriate 
discount rate the Group considers the interest rates of high quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits 
will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability.

Other key assumptions for pension obligations are based in part on current market conditions. Additional information is disclosed in note 20.

(c) Pension surplus (judgement):
The retirement benefit asset/obligations recognised on the balance sheet represents the surplus or deficit in the Group’s defined benefit pension 
scheme calculated on an IAS19 basis at the end of the reporting period. The Group has assessed the recoverability of any net asset arising from 
a surplus position as applicable under IFRIC 14. The Group considers that based on the Trust Deed and Scheme rules, that any surplus would be 
recoverable on cessation of the scheme.

It is not considered that any items meet the definition of a key source of estimation uncertainty for the Company.

Parent Company significant accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The Company financial statements are prepared in accordance with The Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies using Financial 
Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. 
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of the Company financial statements are set out below. These policies have been 
consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

Disclosure exemptions
The Company has adopted the disclosure exemptions covering the following standards as permissible by Financial Reporting Standard 101 
‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’:

(a)  The requirements of paragraphs 45(b) and 46 to 52 of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment

(b)  The requirements of IFRS 3 Business Combinations

(c)  The requirements of paragraph 33(c) of IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

(d)  The requirements of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures

(e)  The requirements of paragraphs 91 to 99 of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement

(f)  The requirement in paragraph 38 of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements to present comparative information

(g)  The requirements of IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows.

(h)  The requirements of paragraphs 30 and 31 of IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. 

(i)  The requirements of paragraphs 17 and 18A of IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures. 

(j)  The requirements in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures to disclose related party transactions entered into between two or more members of a 

group, provided that any subsidiary which is a party to the transaction is wholly owned by such a member

Fixed asset investments
Fixed asset investments, comprising investments in subsidiary and associated companies, are stated as follows:

Subsidiary companies are stated at cost less any provisions for impairment. 

Where an event has occurred that gives rise to doubt about the recovery of the carrying value an impairment assessment is made. The 
impairment is calculated by comparing the investments carrying value to the recoverable amount as required by FRS 101.

Other
Policies in relation to dividends and share based payments are the same as the Group accounting policies.

There are no significant estimates or judgements relating to the Parent Company.

30824 

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58 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

2.  Segmental analysis 

The Group reports to the Chief Operating Decision Maker, the Board, on two distinct segments of revenue. The Group’s reportable segments 
are as follows; Ceramics, the sale of ceramic tableware and complementary items and; Materials, the sale of materials for the production of 
ceramics, predominantly to the tableware industry.

Market segment – Revenue

Ceramics

Materials

Intra Group revenue

Group Revenue

Geographical segment – Revenue

United Kingdom

Rest of Europe

USA

Rest of the World

The profits of the business are allocated as follows:

Operating profit before exceptional items

Ceramics

Materials

Exceptional items

Ceramics 

Materials

Operating profit after exceptional items

Ceramics

Materials

Unallocated items

Finance Income

Finance costs

Profit before income tax

2023
£’000

74,159

14,687

88,846

(6,507)

82,339

2023
£’000

34,004

32,949

8,399

6,987

82,339

2023
£’000

9,106

1,146

10,252

2023
£’000

–

–

–

2023
£’000

9,106

1,146

10,252

2023
£’000

611

(75)

10,788

2022
£’000

75,335

13,500

88,835

(6,307)

82,528

2022
£’000

33,244

31,888

8,715

8,681

82,528

2022
£’000

7,932

1,210

9,142

2022
£’000

484

63

547

2022
£’000

8,416

1,273

9,689

2022
£’000

60

(148)

9,601

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  59

2.  Segmental analysis continued

Segmental Assets

Ceramics

Materials

Segmental Liabilities

Ceramics

Materials

Capital expenditure on tangible and intangibles assets was made as follows:

Ceramics £5,013,000 (2022: £4,178,000), Materials £394,000 (2022: £662,000).

3.  Operating profit

(Income)/Expenses by nature

Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress

Raw materials used

Purchase of goods for resale

Employee benefit expense – before exceptional costs (note 5)

Other external charges – before exceptional costs

Depreciation and amortisation charges

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Foreign exchange (gain)/loss

Other external income – exceptional

Employee benefit expense – exceptional

Other external charges – exceptional

Profit on disposal – exceptional

2023
£’000

71,491

9,059

80,550

2023
£’000

18,305

2,304

20,609

2022
£’000

66,469

9,405

75,874

2022
£’000

15,625

3,601

19,226

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

(6,464)

(3,144)

9,580

4,375

31,155

30,001

3,510

(16)

(54)

–

–

–

–

7,445

5,274

27,533

33,264

2,983

(4)

35

(550)

415

59

(471)

Total cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses

72,087

72,839

During the prior year, the Company received £471,000 as a payment in relation to the voluntary winding up of a ceramic industry trade body of 
which the Company was a member. Due to the size and nature of this income, the receipt was treated as an exceptional profit on disposal. 

Exceptional income of £550,000 was recognised during 2022 relating to COVID-19 Rate Relief credits received from Stoke-on-Trent City Council 
for the reduced activity during 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19 on the Group’s core market. Related to this receipt, the Group recognised 
exceptional costs totalling £415,000, to support all of our employees with the increased cost of living. Other external exceptional costs in the year 
are legal fees relating to employment advice. 

There are no items classified as exceptional income or costs in the current year.

4.   Average number of people employed

The average monthly number of persons (including Executive Directors) employed by the Group during the year was:

By activity

Production and warehousing

Sales and administration

The Company had no employees other than Directors (2022: none).

2023
Number

2022
Number

619

217

836

590

212

802

30824 

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60 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

5.   Employee benefit expense

Staff costs (for the employees shown in note 4)

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Defined contribution pension cost (see note 20)

Other pension costs (see note 20)

Share options granted to directors and employees (see note 21)

Employee benefit expense – exceptional (note 3)

2023
£’000

27,332

2,865

876

29

53

31,155

–

31,155

2022
£’000

23,885

2,517

867

164

100

27,533

415

27,948

Directors’ emoluments
The statutory disclosures for Directors’ emoluments, being the aggregate emoluments, the aggregate amount of gains made by Directors on 
the exercise of share options and the amount of money receivable by Directors under long term incentive plans in respect of qualifying services 
have been included within the Remuneration Report (page 31). In addition statutory disclosures in respect of the number of Directors to whom 
retirement benefits are accruing is disclosed. There are no ‘non-directors’ that are considered to be key management personnel. 

Company
The Company did not make any payments to employees (2022: nil). Directors’ emoluments disclosed within the Remuneration Report include 
fees for services provided for the Company.

6.   Finance income and costs

Interest income on cash and cash equivalents

Interest on defined benefit schemes

Finance income

Interest on defined benefit schemes (note 20)

Interest on lease liabilities

Other interest

Finance costs

Net finance income/(costs)

7.   Auditors’ remuneration

During the year, the Group obtained the following services from the Company’s Auditors:

Fees payable to the Company’s Auditors for the audit of the Company and consolidated  
financial statements (Company £6,000, 2022: £6,000)

Total fees payable to the Group’s auditors

8. 

Income tax expense

Group

Current tax  – current year

Current tax  – current year exceptional

– adjustment in respect of prior periods

Current tax

Deferred tax (note 19)

Current year

Current year – adjustment in respect of prior periods

Deferred tax

Income tax expense

30824 

  2 May 2024 5:46 pm 

  v5

2023
£’000

229

382

611

–

(64)

(11)

(75)

536

2023
£’000

290

290

2023
£’000

1,507

–

128

1,635

1,144

292

1,436

3,071

2022
£’000

60

–

60

(113)

(35)

–

(148)

(88)

2022
£’000

259

259

2022
£’000

764

14

(147)

631

1,075

–

1,075

1,706

 
Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  61

8. 

Income tax expense continued

The tax on the Group’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to 
profit of the consolidated entitles as follows:

Profit before income tax

Tax calculated at domestic tax rates applicable to profits in the respective countries

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Adjustment in respect of prior periods

Other

Tax charge

2023
£’000

10,788

2,535

89

420

27

3,071

2022
£’000

9,601

1,824

53

(147)

(24)

1,706

The weighted average tax rate for the year was 23.5% (2022:19%). Following the announcement of the UK Government’s intention to increase 
Corporation Tax rates from 19% to 25% with effect from 2023, deferred tax balances were provided for at 25% in the year ending December 2022 
and as such there is no impact of change in rate in the current year.

During the year a charge of £553,000 (2022: £3,111,000) in relation to deferred tax arising from actuarial gains and losses on the Group’s defined 
benefit pension obligation and a debit of £32,000 (2022: £7,000) in relation to deferred taxation on share based payments were adjusted directly 
within equity.

9.  Earnings per ordinary share 

Basic earnings per ordinary share is based on the profit after income tax and on 10,997,835 (2022: 11,009,068) ordinary shares, being the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. Adjusted basic earnings per share is calculated after adjusting for the post tax effect 
of exceptional items (see Note 3).

Basic earnings per share (Based on earnings £7,717,000 (2022: £7,895,000))

Less: Exceptional Items: £nil (2022: £532,000)

Adjusted basic earnings per share (based on adjusted earnings £7,717,000 (2022: £7,363,000))

10.  Dividends

The dividends paid in the year were as follows:

Group and Company

Ordinary

Final dividend 2022 21.0p (2022: 17.3p) per 10p ordinary share

Interim 2023 11.0p (2022: 10.5p) per 10p ordinary share paid 

The Directors now recommend payment of the following dividend:

Ordinary dividend:

2023
Pence per
share 

2022
Pence per
share

70.2

–

70.2

2023
£’000

2,309

1,210

3,519

71.7

(4.8)

66.9

2022
£’000

1,907

1,155

3,062

Final dividend 2023 25.0p (2022: 21.0p) per 10p ordinary share

2,749

2,310

Dividends on treasury shares held by the Company are waived.

30824 

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62 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

11.  Property, plant and equipment

The Company has no property, plant and equipment (2022: none). Details of property, plant and equipment relating to the Group are as follows:

Freehold
land and
buildings
£’000

Plant 
and
Machinery 
£’000

Motor
vehicles
£’000

Fixtures and
fittings
£’000

Group

At 1 January 2022

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

Year ended 31 December 2022

Opening net book amount

Additions

Disposals

Depreciation charge

Closing net book amount

At 31 December 2022

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

Year ended 31 December 2023

Opening net book amount

Additions

Disposals 

Depreciation charge

Closing net book amount

At 31 December 2023

Cost 

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

18,512

(6,531)

11,981

11,981

415

–

(368)

12,028

18,927

(6,899)

12,028

12,028

465

–

(423)

12,070

19,063

(6,993)

12,070

36,984

(28,587)

8,397

8,397

4,081

(6)

(2,051)

10,421

40,996

(30,575)

10,421

10,421

4,535

–

(2,556)

12,400

45,362

(32,962)

12,400

Total
£’000

58,762

(37,741)

21,021

21,021

4,749

(12)

(2,719)

23,039

63,403

(40,364)

23,039

23,039

5,334

(37)

(3,251)

25,085

68,040

(42,955)

25,085

2,593

(2,255)

338

338

81

–

(185)

234

2,674

(2,440)

234

234

112

–

(132)

214

2,786

(2,572)

214

673

(368)

305

305

172

(6)

(115)

356

806

(450)

356

356

222

(37)

(140)

401

829

(428)

401

341

232

Net book value of Right-of-Use-assets included within Property, Plant and Equipment

At 31 December 2023

At 31 December 2022

Note

23

23

487

310

100

152

46

–

974

694

Included within Property, Plant and Equipment is £1,242,000 classified as Plant and Machinery (2022: £966,000 classified in Land and Buildings) 
which meet the classification of Assets In the Course of Construction.

30824 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  63

12.  Intangible assets

The Company holds intangible assets with a cost of £1,500,000 (2022: £1,500,000) and a net book value of £531,000 (2022: £735,000) relation to 
Dudson trademarks. These are the only intangible assets the Company holds and it is the only individually material intangible asset to the group. 
The remaining weighted average amortisation period of the Dudson trademark is 4.8 years (2022: 4.2 years).

Details of intangible assets relating to the Group are as follows:

Group

At 31 December 2021

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

Net book amount

Year ended 31 December 2022

Opening net book amount

Additions

Amortisation charge

Closing net book amount

At 31 December 2022

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

Net book amount

Year ended 31 December 2023

Opening net book amount

Additions  

Amortisation charge

Closing net book amount

At 31 December 2023

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

Net book amount

13.  Investments in subsidiaries 

Company

Cost

At 1 January 

Addition – Incorporation of subsidiary

At 31 December

Impairment

At 1 January and 31 December

Net book value

At 1 January

Addition – Incorporation of subsidiary

At 31 December

Computer
software
£’000

Trademarks
£’000

1,260

(1,177)

83

83

91

(60)

114

1,351

(1,237)

114

114

73

(55)

132

1,424

(1,292)

132

1,500

(561)

939

939

–

(204)

735

1,500

(765)

735

735

–

(204)

531

1,500

(969)

531

2023
£’000

7,440

–

7,440

Total
£’000

2,760

(1,738)

1,022

1,022

91

(264)

849

2,851

(2,002)

849

849

73

(259)

663

2,924

(2,261)

663

2022
£’000

7,431

9

7,440

(432)

(432)

7,008

–

7,008

6,999

9

7,008

30824 

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64 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

13.  Investments in subsidiaries continued

Interests in Group undertakings
Interests in Group undertakings comprise the cost of investments in subsidiary undertakings. The principal operating subsidiaries of the Group are 
as follows:

Name of company 

Country of incorporation

Description of 
shares held

Proportion of nominal 
value of issued shares 
held and voting rights

Principal activity

Churchill China (UK) Limited*

England and Wales

Ordinary

100%

Furlong Mills Ltd*

England and Wales

Ordinary

100%

Churchill China, Inc**

Churchill Ceramica Iberia, 
S.L.***

USA

Spain

Churchill China RM S.R.L.****

Romania

Ordinary

Ordinary

Ordinary

Churchill Housewares Limited* England and Wales

Ordinary 

Churchill Ceramics (UK) Ltd.*

England and Wales

Ordinary 

James Broadhurst & Sons Ltd.* England and Wales

Ordinary 

Churchill Tableware Limited*

England and Wales

Ordinary 

England and Wales

Ordinary 

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Churchill Fine Bone China 
Holdings* Limited

Churchill Fine Bone China 
Limited*

Elizabethan Fine Bone China 
Limited*

England and Wales

Ordinary 

100%

England and Wales

Ordinary 

100%

Manufacture and sale of ceramic and 
related products

Manufacture and sales of raw material for 
the ceramics industry

Sale of ceramic and related products

Provision of sales and management services 
within the Group.

Provision of management services.

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

Dormant

The Directors believe the carrying value of subsidiaries is supported by their recoverable amounts. All subsidiaries are directly held with exception 
of Churchill Tableware Limited, Churchill Fine Bone China Limited and Elizabethan Fine Bone China Limited.

The consolidated financial statements include the results of each of the subsidiaries listed in the table above. Churchill China (UK) Limited and 
Furlong Mills Ltd have taken an exemption from audit for the year ended 31 December 2023 by virtue of s479A of the Companies Act 2006. In 
order to allow these subsidiaries to take the audit exemption, Churchill China plc has provided a guarantee to these subsidiaries, in accordance 
with s479C of the Companies Act 2006. This guarantees that Churchill China plc will support these subsidiaries in full going forward, will not recall 
any loans and will provide financial support should it be required. 

* Registered address: No.1, Marlborough Way, Tunstall, Stoke on Trent, ST6 5NZ, United Kingdom

** Registered address: 2043, Corporate Lane, Suite 115, Naperville, Illinois 60563. USA

*** Registered address: Ortega y Gasset, 22-24, Planta 3ª 28006 Madrid

****Registered address: 32 Dorobanti Way, 1st District, Bucharest, Romania

14.  Inventories

The Company has no inventory (2022: none). Details of inventory relating to the Group are as follows:

Raw materials

Work in progress

Finished goods

2023
£’000

3,176

3,183

15,537

21,896

2022
£’000

3,633

1,303

10,953

15,889

The Directors do not consider there is a material difference between the carrying value and replacement cost of inventories. The potential 
impact of changes in the net realisable value of inventories is shown in note 1. 

The cost of inventories recognised as an expense and included in the income statements amounted to £50,094,000 (2022: £50,471,000). The 
movement in impairment provisions against the value of inventory in relation to slow moving and obsolete items during the year was a decrease 
for the Group of £156,000 (2022: increase of £129,000). 

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  65

15.  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables

Less: provision for impairment of trade receivables

Trade receivables – net

Prepayments and other debtors

Corporation tax

Receivables from group undertakings 

Less non-current portion: loans to group undertakings

Current portion

              Group

              Company

2023
£’000

10,712

(219)

10,493

543

–

–

11,036

–

11,036

2022
£’000

12,954

(326)

12,628

1,162

590

–

14,380

–

14,380

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

–

–

–

–

–

2,258

2,258

(1,951)

307

–

–

–

–

–

2,363

2,363

(1,970)

393

All non current receivables are due within five years from the balance sheet date, are not interest bearing and are unsecured.

Derivative financial instruments represent the fair value of gains on foreign exchange contracts.

The Group operates a credit risk management policy. Risk attached to the receipt of UK trade receivables is largely controlled through the 
assessment of the credit quality of each customer, taking into account its financial position, past experience and third-party credit information. 
Risks attaching to export trade receivables are controlled through the use of export credit insurance and confirmed letters of credit. Where these 
cannot be obtained the credit control department assesses the credit quality of the customer, taking into account its financial position, past 
experience and other factors.

Trade receivables that are less than three months past due and not covered by insurance arrangements are not considered impaired unless 
there is specific evidence to the contrary.

As of 31 December 2023, trade receivables of £7,223,000 (2022: £9,562,000) were fully performing.

As of 31 December 2023, trade receivables with a gross value of £1,926,000 (2022: £2,693,000) were impaired and provided for. The amount 
of provision for 31 December 2023 was £219,000 (2022: £326,000). The individually impaired receivables relate to customers which are in 
unexpectedly difficult economic conditions. It was assessed that a portion of the receivables is expected to be recovered. The ageing of these 
receivables is as follows:

Up to 3 months

3 to 6 months

Over 6 months

The Directors consider that the carrying value of trade and other receivables is approximate to their fair value.

Movements on the Group provision for impairment of trade receivables are as follows:

At 1 January 

(Decrease)/increase in provision for receivables impairment

Written back during the year

At 31 December

2023
£’000

1,894

25

7

2022
£’000

2,682

10

1

1,926

2,693

2023
£’000

326

(107)

–

219

2022
£’000

196

109

21

326

The creation and release of provision for impaired receivables have been included in ‘other external charges’ in the income statement (note 3). 
Amounts charged to the allowance account are generally written off, when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash.

The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

Pounds

Euros

US Dollars

Canadian Dollars

2023
£’000

6,897

3,113

1,026

–

2022
£’000

9,677

3,759

934

10

11,036

14,380

During the year, the Group realised gains of £56,000 (2022: £58,000) on settled forward option contracts that have been recognised in the 
Income Statement and as at 31 December 2023 held foreign currency exchange contracts for the sale of Euros of £9,786,000 (2022: £6,575,000) 
and the sale of US dollars of £3,068,000 (2022: £2,882,000). These contracts are held at their fair value with a loss of £63,000 (2022: £148,000) 

recognised in relation to the contracts outstanding at the year end. 

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66 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

15  Trade and other receivables continued

Company
As of 31 December 2023, all Company trade receivables were fully performing. Amounts receivable are repayable in accordance with agreed 
terms. No interest is chargeable.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

Pounds

US dollar

2023
£’000

2,112

146

2,258

2022
£’000

2,217

146

2,363

We have assessed amounts receivable from Group undertakings in accordance with the expected credit loss model prescribed by IFRS 9. The 
provision for impairment against these balances is considered to be immaterial.

16. Other financial assets

Other financial assets

              Group

              Company

2023
£’000

–

2022
£’000

5,057

2023
£’000

–

2022
£’000

–

Other financial assets represent term deposits made with banks not classified as cash and cash equivalents with maturities of less than one year 
as at the balance sheet date. The deposits are not impaired. Further detail of other financial assets is given within Note 1.

17.  Trade and other payables

Trade payables

Social security and other taxes

Accrued expenses

Lease liabilities

Corporation Tax

Payable to group companies

Note

18

              Group

              Company

2023
£’000

2,658

1,120

9,572

336

669

–

2022
£’000

4,422

855

8,761

253

–

–

14,355

14,291

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

–

–

58

–

–

13

71

–

–

37

–

–

13

50

All the above liabilities mature within twelve months from the year end.

18.  Lease liabilities

Lease liabilities – current

Lease liabilities – non current

Further analysis relating to the lease liabilities acquired is included in Note 23.

              Group

2023
£’000

336

677

1,013

2022
£’000

253

477

730

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  67

19.  Deferred income tax 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax 
liabilities and when the deferred income taxes relate to the same fiscal authority. The offset amounts are as follows:

Group

Deferred tax assets:

– Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months

– Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months

Deferred tax liabilities:

– Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered after more than 12 months

– Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered within 12 months

Deferred tax liability

The net movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

At 1 January 

Income statement charge (note 8)

Tax credits relating to components of comprehensive income

Tax (charged)/credited directly to equity

At 31 December 

2023
£’000

4

78

82

(4,019)

(1,558)

(5,577)

(5,495)

2023
£’000

(4,326)

(1,151)

(50)

32

(5,495)

2022
£’000

46

86

132

(3,936)

(522)

(4,458)

(4,326)

2022
£’000

(133)

(1,075)

–

(3,118)

(4,326)

The movement in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the 
same tax jurisdiction, is as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

At 1 January 2022

Charged/(credited) to the income statement

Reclassification from assets

At 31 December 2022

Charged/(credited) to the income statement

Tax credits relating to components of comprehensive 
income

At 31 December 2023

Deferred tax assets

At 1 January 2022

Charged to the income statement

Tax charges relating to components of comprehensive income

Charged directly to equity

Reclassification to liabilities

At 31 December 2022

Charged to the income statement

Tax charges relating to components of comprehensive income

At 31 December 2023

Accelerated
tax
depreciation
£’000

Land and
building
revaluation
£’000

Retirement
Benefit
£’000

1,671

756

–

2,427

889

–

3,316

274

(3)

–

271

3

–

268

–

–

1,731

1,731

533

(300)

1,964

Retirement
benefit
obligation
£’000

1,789

(409)

(3,111)

–

1,731

–

–

–

–

Other
£’000

30

(1)

–

29

–

–

29

Other
£’000

53

86

–

(7)

–

132

(18)

(32)

82

Total
£’000

1,975

752

1,731

4,458

1,419

(300)

5,577

Total
£’000

1,842

(323)

(3,111)

(7)

1,731

132

(18)

(32)

82

The deferred tax asset relates wholly to the defined benefit pension scheme. The deferred tax asset will be recognised as the defined benefit 
pension scheme unwinds.

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68 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

19.  Deferred income tax continued

The deferred income tax charged/(credited) to equity during the past year is as follows:

Fair value reserves in shareholders’ equity for both Group and Company:

Tax on share based payments

2023
£’000

(32)

(32)

2022
£’000

7

7

Deferred income tax of £3,000 (2022: £3,000) was transferred from other reserves to retained earnings. This represents deferred tax on the 
difference between the actual depreciation on buildings and the equivalent depreciation based on the historical cost of buildings.

Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through the 
future taxable profits is probable. The Group has not recognised deferred income tax assets of £1,147,000 (2022: £1,155,000) in respect of capital 
losses amounting to £4,587,000 (2022: £4,621,000) that can be carried forward against future capital gains.

Company
Deferred tax assets of £nil are recognised relating to short-term timing differences (2022: £33,000). The net charge to the Income Statement and 
Statement of Comprehensive Income was £nil (2022: £25,000).

20.  Retirement benefit asset

Balance sheet asset/(obligations)

Pension benefits

Income statement charge

Pension benefits

Finance costs

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

7,855

6,924

902

(382)

1,031

113

The Group has operated four principal pension schemes during the year. The cost of these schemes is as follows; 

Scheme

Churchill Group Retirement Benefit 
Scheme

2023

–

2022

Nature

–

Final salary defined benefit plan. Closed to new entrants in 1999 and 
to which the accrual of future benefits ceased in 2006

Churchill China 2019 Pension Scheme

£836,000

£830,000

Defined contribution (Master Trust)

Furlong Mills Ltd. Pension Plan

Furlong Mills Ltd. section of the Now 
Pension scheme

£7,000

£30,000

£8,000

£29,000

Defined contribution plan

Defined contribution auto enrolment scheme

The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the Group. The total pension cost for the Group was £902,000 (2022: £1,031,000). The 
balance of cost was incurred in respect of overseas and other pension arrangements.

At the year end amounts due to pension funds in respect of Company contributions were £13,000 (2022: £211,000). 

No contributions have been made to the Churchill Group Retirement Benefit Scheme (‘the RBS’) in relation to current service since the date 
of cessation of the future accrual of benefits on 31 March 2006. A contribution of £1,750,000 (2022: £1,750,000) was made in respect of the 
amortisation of past service liabilities during the year. 

The Board of Trustees of the Churchill RBS are responsible for the administration and governance of the Scheme. The forward funding rate of 
the Scheme was agreed with the Scheme Trustees and Actuary following the completion of the 31 May 2020 triennial actuarial valuation in 
November 2022. The Group has agreed to make payments of £1,750,000 per annum in respect of the amortisation of past service deficits for 
three years to October 2024 and £1,284,000 per annum until May 2028 in respect of the amortisation of past service deficits.

Any deficit in the RBS is a liability of the Group as Scheme employer and the deficit amortisation payments aimed at removing this deficit may 
vary dependant on changes in the assumptions underlying the calculation of liabilities and actual experience. The Group takes into account 
the level of present and future payments into the RBS along with capital expenditure and other investments, when considering the allocation of 
available cash flow and setting dividend policy. 

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  69

20.  Retirement benefit asset continued

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are determined as follows:

Present value of funded obligations

Fair value of plan assets

Asset/(liability) in balance sheet

2023
£’000

2022
£’000

(40,040)

(39,700)

47,895

7,855

46,624

6,924

The preliminary actuarial valuation of the Scheme as at 31 May 2023 was completed by a qualified independent actuary (Mercer) and the 
results of this have been updated on an approximate basis to 31 December 2023. The funding level of the RBS has improved substantially during 
the year as a result of an increase in discount rates applied to scheme liabilities following higher general interest rates. The scheme’s investment 
strategy has been adjusted to reflect revised market conditions. The Company is reviewing the forward position in relation to future scheme 
funding.

The movement in the present value of defined benefit obligation over the year is as follows:

At 1 January

Interest cost

Experience gains on liabilities

Re-measurements from change in demographic assumptions

Re-measurements from change in financial assumptions

Benefits paid

At 31 December

2023
£’000

39,700

1,891

(533)

441

1,467

(2,225)

40,741

2022
£’000

61,007

1,086

3,652

(47)

(24,667)

(1,331)

39,700

Included within net scheme liabilities is a liability of £701,000 (2022: £712,000) offset by a matching insurance policy asset of £701,000 (2022: 
£712,000) in respect of annuitised member benefits. 

The movement in the fair value of plan assets over the year is as follows:

At 1 January

Expected return on plan assets

Re-measurement of return on plan assets excluding amounts included in interest expense

2023
£’000

46,624

2,273

174

1,750

(2,225)

48,596

2022
£’000

53,851

973

(8,619)

1,750

(1,331)

46,624

27%

5%

3%

59%

7%

2023

2022

£’000

–

–

12,746

34,295

854

47,895

0%

0%

26%

72%

2%

£’000

12,358

2,270

1,316

27,523

3,157

46,624

Employer contributions

Benefits paid

At 31 December

Plan assets are comprised as follows:

Equity investment funds

Absolute return funds

Other investment funds

Debt investments

Cash and cash equivalents

The expected return on plan assets under IAS 19 (revised) is calculated at the same rate used to discount scheme liabilities. Nil% (2022: 0.2%) of 
plan assets are quoted. 

The amounts recognised in the income statement are as follows:

Interest cost on defined benefit plans 

The actual return on plan assets was a loss of £1,746,000 (2022: £7,646,000).

2023
£’000

(382)

2022
£’000

113

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70 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

20.  Retirement benefit asset continued

Remeasurement gains of £701,000 (2022: £12,443,000) gross of tax were recognised in the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income during the 
year. The cumulative amount of actuarial losses recognised in the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income is £9,938,000 (2022: £9,237,000).

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

Pension benefits

Discount rate

Inflation rate  – RPI

– CPI 

Duration used to set discount rates

Rate of increase of pensions in payment

Rate of increase of deferred pensions

Post retirement mortality assumptions

2023 
% per annum

2022 
% per annum

4.8%

3.1%

2.7%

4.9%

3.2%

2.8%

14.00 years

15.00 years

2.6%

2.7%

2.6%

2.8%

111% (males) and 107% females 
of the standard tables S3PMA/
S3PFA_M, Year of birth, no age 
rating projected using CMI_2022 
converging to 1.25% p.a.

120% of the standard 
tables S3PMA/S3PFA_M, 
Year of birth, no age rating 
projected using CMI_2021 
converging to 1.25% p.a.

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65 at the balance sheet date is as follows:

Male

Female

2023

Years

20.7

22.8

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65, 20 years after the balance sheet date, is as follows:

Male

Female

2023

Years

21.9

24.3

2022

Years

20.8

22.6

2022

Years

22.1

24.1

Risks
Through its defined benefit pension plan, the Group is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed below:

Asset volatility
The plan liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to corporate bond yields; if plan assets underperform this yield, this will 
create a deficit. The plan holds a significant proportion of equities, which are expected to outperform corporate bonds in the long-term while 
providing volatility and risk in the short term. 

The Group believes that due to the long-term nature of the plan liabilities and the strength of the supporting group, a level of continuing equity 
investment is an appropriate element of the Group’s long-term strategy to manage the plans efficiently. The Trustees investment aim is to meet 
pension liabilities as they fall due.

Changes in bond yields which impact discount rate
A decrease in corporate bond yields will decrease the discount rate, which in turn will increase plan liabilities, although this will be partially offset 
by an increase in the value of the plan’s bond holdings.

Inflation risk
The Group’s pension obligations are linked to inflation, and higher inflation will lead to higher liabilities (although, in most cases, caps on the level 
of inflationary increases are in place to protect the plan against extreme inflation). The majority of the plan’s assets are either unaffected by 
(fixed interest bonds) or loosely correlated with (equities) inflation, meaning that an increase in inflation will also increase the deficit.

Life expectancy
The plan’s obligations are to provide benefits for the life of the member, so increases in life expectancy will result in an increase in the plans’ 
liabilities. This is particularly significant where inflationary increases result in higher sensitivity to changes in life expectancy.

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  71

20.  Retirement benefit asset continued

Sensitivity
A sensitivity analysis has been carried out on effect of varying certain assumptions within the calculation of retirement benefit obligations.

The effect of a 50 basis point decrease in the discount rate to 4.3% would be to increase scheme liabilities by £2,730,000 (6.9%).

The effect of a 25 basis point increase in CPI inflation to 2.95% would increase scheme liabilities by £839,000 (2.1%).

The effect of a 1 year increase to life expectancy would increase scheme liabilities by £1,120,000 (2.8%).

The amount of net deficit on retirement benefit schemes is also dependant on the valuation and investment performance of scheme assets.

21.  Called up share capital and share premium account

Group and Company

At 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023

Number
of shares
‘000

11,030

Ordinary
shares
£’000

1,103

Share
premium
£’000

2,348

The total authorised number of ordinary shares is 14,300,000 (2022: 14,300,000) with a par value of 10p (2022: 10p) per share. All issued shares are 
fully paid.

Share option schemes
The Long Term Incentive Plan was introduced in May 2012. Options under this scheme are equity settled and are granted with a fixed exercise 
price at a discount to the market price of the share at the date of issue. Options vest after three years from the date of grant and expire ten 
years from the date of grant. Options granted will be exercisable on a pro rata basis based on performance against threshold, target and 
maximum performance levels. Performance targets are set at the date of each grant by the Remuneration Committee. Payment of the exercise 
price of options is received in cash. A charge to the Income Statement has been made to reflect the fair value of options granted. Options have 
been valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. No market based performance conditions were used in the fair value calculations.

The fair value per option granted and the assumptions used in the calculation were as follows:

Long term incentive plan

Grant date

Share price at grant date

Exercise price

Number of employees

Shares under option 

Vesting period (years)

Expected volatility

Option life (years)

Expected life (years)

Risk free rate

Expected dividends expressed as a dividend yield

Fair value per option

21 June 
2023

1,375p

28 June 
2022

1,415p

10p

11

94,011

3

39.3%

10

3

4.4%

2.2%

10p

11

84,056

3

39.2%

10

3

1.7%

1.7%

1,245p

1,302p

The following options exercisable over ordinary shares were outstanding at 31 December 2023 under the Long Term Incentive Plan:

Number of shares

June 2021 Grant

June 2022 Grant

June 2023 Grant

2023

–

84,056

94,011

2022

44,765

84,056

–

178,067

128,821

Exercise
price

Date from
which
exercisable

Expiry date

10p

10p

10p

June 2024

June 2031

June 2025

June 2032

June 2026

June 2033

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility over the last three years. The expected life is the average expected period to exercise. The risk 
free rate of return is the yield on zero coupon UK government bonds of a term consistent with the assumed option life. A reconciliation of option 
movements for the year to 31 December 2023 is set out below.

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72 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

continued

21. Called up share capital and share premium account continued

Outstanding at 1 January

Granted 

Lapsed

Outstanding at 31 December

Exercisable at 31 December

2023

Number
‘000

128,821

94,011

(44,765)

178,067

–

2023

Weighted
average
exercise
 price

10.0p

10.0p

10.0p

10.0p

–

2022

Number
‘000

44,765

84,056

–

128,821

–

2022

Weighted
average
exercise
 price

10.0p

10.0p

10.0p

10.0p

–

There were 94,011 share options granted during the year (2022: 84,056).

2023

2023

2023

2023

2022

2022

2022

2022

Weighted
average
exercise price

0–50p

10p

Weighted
average
remaining life
(expected)

Weighted
average
remaining life
(contractual)

Weighted
average
exercise price

2.0

9.0

10p

Number
‘000

178,067

Weighted
average
remaining life
 (expected)

Weighted
average
remaining
life
(contractual)

2.2

9.2

Number
‘000

128,821

The weighted average price for options exercised in the year was nil (2022: nil). The total charge during the year for employee share based 
payment plans was £53,000 (2022: £100,000) before tax, which related to equity settled share based payment transactions. 

22.  Treasury shares

Group and Company

As at 1 January

Purchase of own shares 

As at 31 December 

2023
£’000

431

–

431

2022
£’000

80

351

431

During the year the Group repurchased nil (2022: 25,000) 10p ordinary shares at a market price of £14.00 per share and reissued nil (2022: nil) 
under employee share option schemes. The Group currently holds 32,337 (2022: 32,337) shares in Treasury.

23.  Leases

The Group has recognised assets and financial commitments in respect of non cancellable leases for Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Motor 
Vehicles as below:

Right of Use Assets – Net Book Value

Land and Buildings

Plant & Equipment

Motor Vehicles

Total

The Group has recognised amounts in the Income Statement for Right of Use Assets included within Fixed Assets

Depreciation charge on Right of Use Assets

Land and Buildings

Plant & Equipment

Motor Vehicles

Total

2023
£’000

487

146

341

974

2023
£’000

139

81

114

334

2022
£’000

310

152

232

694

2022
£’000

87

92

72

251

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  73

23.  Leases continued

Lease Liability

Opening at 1 January 2022

Additions

Payments

Interest

At 31 December 2022

Opening at 1 January 2023

Additions

Payments

Interest

At 31 December 2023

Land and
Buildings
£’000

Plant &
Equipment
£’000

Motor
Vehicles
£’000

69

333

(108)

23

317

317

318

(171)

45

509

206

79

(115)

9

179

179

73

(103)

9

158

134

172

(75)

3

234

234

223

(120)

10

347

The maturity of lease liabilities is as follows. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Within 1 year

Between 1 and 5 years

Total

The total cash outflow for leases in the year was £395,000 (2022: £298,000).

24.  Capital commitments

Capital expenditure contracted for at the balance sheet date but not yet incurred is as follows:

2023
£’000

387

762

1,149

Total
£’000

409

584

(298)

35

730

730

614

(394)

64

1,014

2022
£’000

285

537

822

Property, plant and equipment

25.  Related party transactions

Group

Company

2023
£’000

1,179

1,179

2022
£’000

507

507

2023
£’000

–

–

2022
£’000

–

–

All subsidiaries within the Group are wholly owned and therefore the Group has taken the exemption from disclosing the related party 
transactions.

26.  Financial instruments by category

The accounting policies for financial instruments have been applied to the line items in the financial statements. All financial assets including 
cash and cash equivalents, other financial assets and trade and related party receivables are classified as amortised cost, with the exception of 
derivative financial instruments classified as fair value through profit and loss, in both 2023 and 2022, as disclosed in note 15. Derivative financial 
instruments disclosed in note 15 are classified as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy given this is the fair value of financial instrument not traded in 
an active market and is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible 
on entity-specific estimates. All significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable and therefore the instrument is included in 
level 2.

All amounts shown in notes 17 and 18 are financial liabilities measured at amortised cost.

The carrying value and fair value of all financial instruments is considered to be materially consistent.

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74 

  Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Five-Year Financial Record

(unaudited)

Revenue

Operating profit before exceptional item

Exceptional items

Operating profit

Share of results of associate net of impairment

Net Finance (costs)/income

Profit before exceptional item and income tax

Exceptional items

Profit before income tax

Income tax (expense)/credit

Profit for the year

Dividends paid

Net assets employed

Ratios

Operating margin before exceptional items

Earnings before exceptional items, interest, tax, depreciation and 
amortisation (£000)

Basic earnings per share (p)

Adjusted basic earnings per share (p)

2019
£’000

67,502

11,242

117

         11,359

              (22)

(44)

11,176

117

11,293

(2,136)

9,157

3,356

41,841

16.7%

  13,594

82.6

81.7

2020
£’000

36,362

922

(757)

165

-

(74)

848

(757)

91

22

113

-

37,141

2.5%

3,508

1.0

6.5

2021
£’000

60,839

6,122

-

6,122

-

(159)

5,963

-

5,963

(1,797)

4,166

739

42,683

2022
£’000

82,528

9,142

547

9,689

-

(88)

9,054

547

9,601

(1,706)

7,895

3,062

56,648

2023
£’000

82,339

10,252

-

10,252

-

536

10,788

-

10,788

(3,071)

7,717

3,519

59,941

10.1%

11.1%

12.5%

8,960

37.8

37.8

12,125

13,762

71.7

66.9

70.2

70.2

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Churchill China plc Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

  75

The production of this report supports the work of the Woodland Trust, the UK’s 
leading woodland conservation charity. Each tree planted will grow into a vital 
carbon store, helping to reduce environmental impact as well as creating natural 
havens for wildlife and people.

30824 

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