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KRM22

krm · LSE Financial Services
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Industry Asset Management
Employees 11-50
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FY2022 Annual Report · KRM22
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INTERNATIONAL 

Annual Report 2022 

KRM22 Plc 

Company number: 11231735 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Highlights ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 

Chairman’s statement ...................................................................................................................................... 2 

Chief Executive Officer’s Report ..................................................................................................................... 3 

Chief Financial Officer’s Report ....................................................................................................................... 6 

Our products ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 

Principal risks and uncertainties ................................................................................................................... 14 

Section 172 statement ................................................................................................................................... 17 

Board of Directors............................................................................................................................................ 20 

Corporate Governance statement ................................................................................................................ 23 

Audit Committee report .................................................................................................................................. 29 

Remuneration Committee report .................................................................................................................. 31 

Nomination Committee report ...................................................................................................................... 34 

Directors’ report ............................................................................................................................................... 35 

Financial Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 40 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of KRM22 Plc ................................................................. 41 

Consolidated income statement and statement of comprehensive income for the group .............. 49 

Consolidated statement of financial position for the group .................................................................... 50 

Company statement of financial position ................................................................................................... 51 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the group ................................................................... 52 

Company statement of changes in equity .................................................................................................. 53 

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the group ............................................................................... 54 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ........................................................................................ 55 

Company information ..................................................................................................................................... 83 

   
 
 
 
1 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

HIGHLIGHTS 

Financial 

•  Annualised Recurring Revenue (ARR)1 as at 31 December 2022 of £4.8m (2021: £3.8m) – growth of 26.3% 

o  New contracted ARR in 2022 of £1.3m (2021: £0.7m) – growth of 85.7% 

•  Total revenue recognised of £4.3m (2021: £4.1m) – growth of 4.9% 
•  Adjusted EBITDA loss2 of £1.7m (2021: £0.7m) 
•  An improved loss before tax of £3.0m (2021: loss of £3.4m) 
•  Gross cash as at 31 December 2022 of £1.9m (2021: £5.4m) 

Operational 

•  More than 20 new ARR contracts signed in the year with 11 new customers 
• 

Launch of “Limits Manager” and “Risk Manager”, the first products with Trading Technologies International, Inc 
(“TT”) following the distribution agreement signed in 2021 

•  Conversion of additional sales opportunities generated by the TT relationship 
•  Significant reduction in unplanned churn to £0.1m (2021: £0.7m) 
•  Ambition to target 20%+ annual growth of ARR 

Post Year-End Events 

•  Replacement of existing Kestrel debt facility with a new £5.0m facility provided by TT 
•  Growth in ARR to £4.9m as at the date of this report 

1 Annualised Recurring Revenue (ARR) is the value of contracted Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)  revenue normalised to a one year 
period and excludes one-time fees. 

2 Adjusted EBITDA is the reported loss for the year, adjusted for recurring non-monetary costs including depreciation, amortisation, 
unrealised foreign exchange gain/(loss) and share-based payment charges and non-recurring costs including profit on disposal of 
tangible/intangible assets and acquisition and funding costs.  A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA loss to the reported operating loss 
for the year is detailed on page 7. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

2022 was a year of transition for KRM22, placing it back on the growth path.  Stephen 
Casner took over as CEO of KRM22 as I transitioned to running Trading Technologies 
International, Inc. (“TT”), the Company’s major shareholder.  He and the KRM22 team 
have  refocused  the  business  and  driven  Annualised  Recurring  Revenue  (“ARR”) 
growth  to  £4.8m  at  31  December  2022,  up  from  £3.8m  at  December  2021,  and  a 
credible 26% growth year on year. 

Since we launched KRM22 in April 2018, it has been five turbulent years with the UK 
exiting the European Union, Covid disruption and significant political turmoil globally 
as well as locally in the UK.  Despite these challenges, KRM22 has been established 
as  a  credible  name  in  capital  markets  with  many  leading  institutions  as  current 
customers but many more in the immediate pipeline.   

At the beginning of 2022, we announced the TT partnership, and we are pleased to say that we have made  excellent 
progress to date.  This includes integrating the KRM22 software into the TT platform within the TT firewalls, signing new 
customers as well as establishing a very strong 2023 sales pipeline including many tier one banks.  

Outside  of  the  TT  partnership,  the  KRM22  team  has  refocused  the  product  offering,  as  well  as  restructured  and 
strengthened the sales team providing a platform for growth, demonstrated by the growth in ARR through direct sales 
channels. 

We were pleased to have recently concluded a debt financing facility with TT for £5.0m after a competitive process, 
providing the Company with access to capital to continue its growth.  The terms include a higher convertibility threshold 
compared to the previous debt facility and lower interest cost compared to alternative debt financing arrangements.  

The Board and I wish to thank not just the customers and investors but the KRM22 team for the continued commitment 
for  delivering  high  quality  products  and  services  to  the  capital  markets  risk  community.    We  look  forward  to  seeing 
continued growth in 2023 and beyond as well as crossing the cash generation line.  

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Chairman  

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REPORT 

2022 saw KRM22 advance all of its key initiatives and solidly place the Company 
on track to meet our goal  of  moving towards  a £10.0m  Annualised Recurring 
Revenue (“ARR”) business by 2026 with positive EBITDA performance and cash 
flow and an ambition to grow ARR by 20% year on year.   

We are doing this through four key initiatives:  

(1) 

(2) 
(3) 

(4) 

generating  revenue  from  the  relationship  with  Trading  Technologies 
International, Inc. (“TT”); 
growing ARR, through direct sales and the TT partnership; 
reducing the level of customer churn as experienced in previous years, 
whilst  improving  the  success  and  adoption  rate  of  the  Risk  Cockpit; 
and 
reorganisation of the workforce to help grow the business and support 
other initiatives. 

I am pleased to report that KRM22 has found success in each of these endeavours. 

In  addition  to  these  initiatives,  the  Company  has  secured  a  new  £5.0m  secured  debt  facility  from  TT,  our  largest 
shareholder, to replace a £3.0m secured debt facility that was due to mature in September 2023.   

As you review the progress made in the year, I would like to highlight how we stand on the key initiatives we embarked 
on at the start of 2022 and will continue in 2023. 

Creating revenue from TT’s customer base 

Our relationship with TT was one of the keys to our success in 2022.  We signed our first sales contract from the TT 
sales channel in June 2022.  This contract allows us to leverage our Pre-Trade Limit Manager product to be used as a 
custom limit system for a major European commodity exchange.  This three-year contract provides £0.1m of ARR to 
KRM22 in addition to £0.2m of one-off non-recurring revenue.  

We announced in 2022 the two key products that TT will distribute for KRM22, Limits Manager and Risk Manager.  A 
major component of the announcement was that these products would operate on TT’s technical platform.  This allows 
TT customers to contract for the KRM22 services under their existing TT license agreement conforming to technical 
audits and without migrating data to a different environment.  We jointly decided to make this investment to reduce the 
amount of “friction” TT would experience in selling KRM22’s products.    

This is a direct response to how our core market has changed the way they acquire software products, allowing them to 
test and use the applications before making a financial commitment.    

We  are impressed with how KRM22  and TT worked collaboratively on our first product.  By the end  Q3 of 2022, the 
KRM22 Limits Manager product had been successfully integrated into the TT platform. 

This  allowed  us  to  commence  TT’s  sales  campaign  for  KRM22’s  Limits  Manager  in  Q4  2022  which  has  resulted  in 
creating an impressive pipeline of sale opportunities for the Limits Manager product in 2023 which has already resulted 
in a product sale to one of the world’s largest financial institutions.   

The power of the TT sales channel became evident  as the financial institution in question was able to go live on  the 
Limits Manager product in less than two weeks after signing a sales order with TT – a process that would ordinarily take 
months of effort to accomplish if it were a direct sales opportunity. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

A  second  KRM22  product,  Risk  Manager,  has  been  launched  on  the  TT  platform  and  another  major  global  financial 
institution has begun testing and evaluating this new product.  We expect revenue from this product to come forward in 
the second half of 2023 and be a significant contributor to achieving our revenue goals. 

Revenue growth 

While our relationship with TT is important, we  must also demonstrate that we can directly sell our products to new 
customers  and  expand  the  use  of  our  products  by  our  existing  customers.    I  am  pleased  to  report  our  2022  selling 
initiatives  have  been  successful  and  our  new  sales  team  is  being  led  by  the  Company’s  Chief  Revenue  Officer,  Billy 
Murray. 

As of the date of this report, our ARR is £4.9m up from £3.8m at 31 December 2021, an increase of approximately 29% 
which we are pleased with.  In 2022 the Company signed 22 new contracts totalling £1.3m – 11 with new customers, 
including a Tier One bank, and 11 with existing customers for new products and extensions of existing products.   

Whilst we have had strong performance generating new contractual ARR, we have been less successful in delivering 
non-recurring  revenue  which  would  have  improved  the  underlying  financial  position  for  2022.    We  expect  a  renewed 
focus on non-recurring revenue in 2023 resulting in a significant improvement to adjusted EBITDA performance in 2023. 

Retention of customers and making the Risk Cockpit successful 

The level of customer attrition the Company experienced in prior years, with total churn of £1.4m notified to us in 2021, 
covering contract terminations in 2021 and the first two months of 2022, was unprecedented and not sustainable.  The 
churn was from legacy customers on old deployed software that did not want to migrate to SaaS delivered services.  
Whilst some level of customer churn is expected,  we needed to implement a plan to mitigate and reduce the level of 
churn to a more acceptable level.  

We  embarked  upon  a  defined  customer  retention  plan  led  by  our  Customer  Services  team  which  resulted  in  the 
prevention of “surprise” churn in the customer base in 2022.  Throughout the whole of 2022 we only had one customer 
contract  that  we  did  not  anticipate  terminating,  with  ARR  of  £0.1m,  and  this  was  a  Belarusian  customer  with  the 
termination driven by the Russia/Ukraine geopolitical crisis. 

A highlight of our retention plan included the roll out of a series of “KRM22 health dashboards” to our customers.  This 
initiative highlights how many transactions we process for our customers each day, gives our customers a direct and 
instantaneous  view  of  open  and  closed  support  tickets  as  well  as  the  availability  of  future  product  updates  and 
associated new features and functions.  These dashboards, in combination with our monthly newsletter program, has 
significantly extended our daily customer touch points and improved the value we deliver to each of our customers every 
day. 

Another key part of our customer retention plan was to deliver the integrated benefit of KRM22’s Global Risk Platform 
to our Showcase Global Risk Platform  Customer, and we delivered excellent progress in the period.  The Global Risk 
Platform is now fully operational for Trading and Corporate risk at our Showcase Global Risk Platform Customer with 
the Risk Cockpit product being utilised into production to support a key risk evaluation parameter for them.  We expect 
to “package” this success to begin accelerating revenue from the Risk Cockpit in 2023. 

We have been disappointed in the historical rate of adoption of the Risk Cockpit product since the product was developed 
and launched in 2019.  We have created a new plan with new resources to help us make that change by further tailoring 
the product for the Capital Markets industry and helping existing customers with their alignment to FCA requirements, 
e.g. ICARA.  The results of our efforts are now evident at our showcase customer.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Reorganise the workforce 

At the start of 2022, and following my appointment as CEO of KRM22, we restructured KRM22’s internal teams and their 
responsibilities,  as  this  is  key  to  the  Company’s  future  success.    The  senior  leadership  team  was  streamlined  and 
refocused into four distinct areas: Revenue, Customer Services, Technology and Finance/HR/Legal.  We completed a 
successful  search  for  a  new  Chief  Revenue  Officer,  Billy  Murray,  who  joined  in  September  2022.    Dan  Carter  was 
promoted to run Customer Services, Viliam Dzupin’s Technology responsibilities were extended to cover Product, whilst 
Kim Suter’s responsibilities were extended to cover legal contracts and administration.   

This new leadership team has brought clarity and efficiency to the organisation and, together with the teams that they 
manage, is a primary reason for the Company’s success in 2022.  

Outlook 

Overall, we are on the right path to achieve the objectives and internal KPI's set out at the start of 2022.  These provide 
a strong foundation on which to build in 2023. 

We have defined a goal to get to £10.0m of ARR by 2026 through delivering 20% compounded ARR growth each year 
while  achieving  positive  EBITDA  and  cash  flow  and  we  have  the  right  foundations  in  place  to  achieve  this 
goal.  Notwithstanding a backdrop of challenging market conditions, which we do not expect to materially change in the 
near term, we will continue to consistently drive the acceleration of revenue through each of our sales channels.  We 
also  will  continue  to  manage  the  underlying  cost  base  of  the  business to  ensure we  have  sufficient  cash  to  give  us 
the runway to achieve our goal.  

Whilst we have defined our goal of growing KRM22 to a £10.0m ARR business, the amount of variables we have in our 
revenue plan still inhibit us from publishing market forecasts.  We believe that by remaining diligently focused on growing 
ARR,  retaining  customers  and  managing  costs,  the  time  frame  for  our  success  will  begin  to  come  into  focus  in  our 
subsequent reporting periods.   

As always, we thank you for your support and look forward to continuing to build one of the capital markets best risk 
management companies. 

Stephen Casner 

CEO 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REPORT 

Following  a  challenging  couple  of  years  with  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  impacting 
KRM22 through extended sales cycles and significant customer churn, 2022, against 
a  backdrop  of  increasing  global  economic  uncertainty,  saw  an  increase  in  total 
revenue  recognised,  a  significant  increase  in  its  ARR  and  a  reduction  in  customer 
churn compared with prior years.  Whilst total revenue recognised in the year saw an 
increase  of  4.9%  to  £4.3m  from  £4.1m,  the  Company’s  ARR  at  year  end  saw  a  net 
increase of 26.3% to £4.8m from £3.8m at 31 December 2021. 

Profit and Loss 

Total revenue 

Revenue recognised for the year to 31 December 2022 was £4.3m (2021: £4.1m), an increase of 4.9% compared with 
the  prior  year,  with  92%  (2021:  96%)  of  total  revenue  generated  from  recurring  customer  contracts.    Non-recurring 
revenue  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2022  totalled  £0.3m  (2021:  £0.2m)  and  related  principally  to  customer 
implementations and proof of concept work. 

Recurring revenue 

ARR (“Annualised Recurring Revenue”) is a key metric for KRM22 and as at 31 December 2022, ARR had increased by 
26.3% to £4.8m (2021: £3.8m), a net increase of £1.0m (2021: net decrease of £0.3m).  New contracted ARR in the year 
totalled £1.3m (2021: £0.7m) of which £0.7m (2021: £0.3m) was from new customers and £0.6m (2021: £0.4m) was 
generated from existing customers.   

Total churn in the year was £0.6m (2021: £0.9m), of which £0.1m was from the termination of one customer in the year 
and  which  was  unexpected,  however  this  was  from  a  Belarusian  customer  with  the  termination  driven  by  the 
Russia/Ukraine geopolitical situation, and £0.5m which terminated in early 2022 and which KRM22 had been notified of 
in 2021. 

Gross profit 

Gross profit for the year to 31 December 2022 was £3.3m (2021: £3.5m).  The reduction in gross profit margin to 77% 
this compared to the prior year margin of 84% was due to additional hosting capacity required to service the increase in 
customer numbers and this was further compounded by the volatility and adverse movement in foreign currency rates, 
with a significant proportion of the Company’s cost of sales being Amazon Web Services server costs which are invoiced 
in US dollars.  In addition, KRM22 generates revenue through partner products and services, primarily through data and 
news feeds with minimal margin to KRM22, and this accounted for 6% of recurring revenue recognised in the year ended 
31 December 2022 (2021: 4%) which contributed to the reduction in gross profit margin. 

Capitalised development 

A  total  of  £0.8m  (2021:  £0.7m)  of  development  was  capitalised  in  the  year  to  31  December  2022.    Capitalised 
development is amortised over three years. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7 

Adjusted EBITDA 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  the  key  metric  that  the  Company  considers  in  order  to  understand  the  cash-profitability  of  the 
business.  This is due in particular to the non-cash items that impact the Income Statement under IFRS accounting, such 
as non-cash share-based payment charges. 

Adjusted EBITDA for the year to 31 December 2022 was a £1.7m loss (2021: loss of £0.7m).  Following the investment 
from Trading Technologies International, Inc (“TT”) in December 2021 of £4.7m, the Company completed an internal 
reorganisation  of  the  business  to  help  drive  business  growth,  including  investing  in  additional  resource,  and  this 
contributed to the increase in adjusted EBITDA loss however this investment, and ultimately the increase in the cost 
base of the business in the year, is generating a return for the business, evident by the growth in ARR in the year.   

The increase in the Company’s adjusted EBITDA loss was also on the back of two years of trying to grow the business 
through  cost-cutting  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  together  with the  added  benefit  in  2021  of  a  £0.2m  (US$0.3m) 
Payback Protection Program (“PPP”) loan, converted to a grant under the rules of the PPP scheme, and recognised as 
Other operating income. 

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA loss to the reported operating loss is provided as follows: 

Adjusted EBITDA loss  
Depreciation and amortisation 
Unrealised FX gain/(losses)  
Contingent consideration charge 
Share-based payment expense 

Operating loss 

Operating loss 

2022 
£’m 
(1.7) 
(1.6) 
0.8 
– 
(0.1) 

(2.6) 

2021 
£’m 
(0.7) 
(1.7) 
(0.1) 
(0.1) 
(0.4) 

(3.0) 

Reported operating loss for the year to 31 December 2022 was £2.6m (2021: loss of £3.0m).   

Finance charges 

Net finance expense in the year was £0.6m (2021: £0.4m) and includes: 

Loan interest of £0.3m (2021: £0.3m);  
IFRS16 lease liability interest of £0.1m (2021: £0.1m); and 

• 
• 
•  Derivative financial instrument fair value adjustment of £0.2m (2021: £0.0). 

Taxation 

The tax credit in the year was £0.2m (2021: credit of £0.1m) which includes £0.1m (2021: £nil) R&D tax credit received.   

Financial position 

Assets 

The cash balance as at 31 December 2022 was £1.9m (2021: £5.4m). 

Current assets at 31 December 2022 include trade and other receivables of £1.5m (2021: £0.7m).   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Non-current  assets  were  £7.8m  (2021:  £8.1m)  relating  principally  to:  £6.1m  for  goodwill  and  assets  acquired  (2021: 
£6.1m), £0.4m for right of use assets recognised under IFRS16 (2021: £0.6m) and £1.3m (2021: £1.3m) for capitalised 
development costs. 

Liabilities 

As at 31 December 2022, our principal liabilities were: 

•  £3.0m Convertible Loan owed to Kestrel Partners LLP.  The interest rate payable on the loan is 9.5% payable in 
cash quarterly in arears.  The loan can be converted into new Ordinary Shares in the Company at a conversion 
price of 38p and the conversion can be requested by Kestrel Partners at any time.  The Company has the right 
to request conversion at any time after eighteen months following the date of the agreement,  15 September 
2020, subject to certain conditions regarding the Company's share price at that time.  

•  £1.0m (US$1.1m) deferred consideration for earn out payments for the acquisition of Object+.  The  deferred 

consideration can be satisfied in either cash or Company ordinary shares at the Company’s discretion. 

•  £0.6m for the right of use assets relating to all future payments of leased-office rentals under IFRS16 ‘Leases’ 
whereby such lease payments are provided for at today’s value.  In practice, these rental payments will be spread 
over the next few years.  As a result, £0.5m of the related liability is shown in current liabilities as it relates to 
lease payments that will be paid in 2023, with the balance for periods greater than one year. 
•  £1.8m of deferred revenue; contracted and paid services that will be released in a future period. 

Investors 

As an AIM quoted business, a large proportion of KRM22’s shareholders are professional investment funds.  In addition, 
the  Directors  together  owned  3,764,958  shares  at  the  year  end,  representing  10.6%  of  the  Company’s  issued  share 
capital. 

Funding 

The Company has a £3.0m convertible loan (the “Kestrel Convertible Loan”) with Kestrel Partners LLP (“Kestrel”).  The 
interest rate payable on the  Kestrel Convertible Loan is 9.5% per annum and is paid quarterly in arrears.  Kestrel can 
convert the Kestrel Convertible Loan into new ordinary shares in the Company at any time at a conversion price of 38p.  
The Company has the right to request conversion at any time after the 18 months following the date of the agreement, 
15 September 2020, subject to certain conditions regarding the Company's share price at that time.  Kestrel has the right 
to prevent any conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover Code. 

The Kestrel Convertible Loan is secured on certain KRM22 assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s financial 
performance. 

Since the year end the Company has secured a new £5.0m convertible loan facility with TT (the “TT Convertible  Loan”) 
to replace the existing Kestrel Convertible Loan.  Further detail on the TT Convertible Loan is detailed in the Directors 
report on page 37. 

Use of cash in the year 

Our net cash outflow in the year was £3.5m, of which £0.7m was used for capitalised development, £0.3m was used to 
pay interest on the Kestrel Convertible Loan and the balance was used to provide working capital for KRM22. 

Going concern 

Analysis of KRM22’s going concern position is detailed in the Directors report on pages 36 – 37. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Shareholdings and Earnings per share 

As  at  31  December  2022,  KRM22  had  35,666,336  shares  in  issue  and  this  was  also  the  undiluted  weighted  average 
number of shares for the period.  The resulting Earning per Share (“EPS”) is a 8.7p loss per share (2021: loss of 12.4p).  
Due to the loss made by the Company in the year, the diluted EPS is the same as EPS. 

Dividend 

We aim to deliver capital growth for shareholders to generate an attractive total return.  However, we do not recommend 
a dividend for the year, but may choose to do so in future years. 

Conclusion 

In 2022, KRM22 has utilised the funds received from the TT investment in December 2021 to grow the business through 
new customer sales and reducing the level of customer churn, with net growth in ARR of 26.3%.  The Company now has 
the  foundations  in  place  for  this  momentum  to  continue  into  2023  and  beyond,  with  significant  sales  pipeline 
opportunities, both from direct selling opportunities and through the TT distribution agreement, to increase ARR and 
improve the adjusted EBITDA position. 

Approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by: 

Kim Suter 

CFO 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

 
 
 
11 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

OUR PRODUCTS 

Built on the Global Risk Platform, KRM22 offer products addressing risk management challenges across Corporate and 
Trading risk.  By layering on data from throughout a customer’s environment, customers are now able to better assess, 
monitor and manage the increasing correlation between these risk areas. 

The Global Risk Platform 

The KRM22 Global Risk Platform is a cloud-based SaaS service for Corporate and Trading risk that securely connects and 
integrates into existing and new client portals from one integrated system. 

Corporate Risk 

Risk Cockpit 

The Risk Cockpit is a digital risk register that brings risk policies and operational controls to life through a proven risk 
assessment workflow 

•  Enforce risk controls 
•  Capture, assess and 
remediate events 
•  Track and understand 

metrics 

•  Generate regulatory and 

historic reporting 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Market Surveillance 

Market Surveillance provides insightful analytics and contextual market surveillance to help capital market firms identify 
and manage the potential risks of market abuse 

•  30+ alerts including 

Layering and Spoofing, 
Wash Trading and Insider 
Trading, Abnormal Trade, 
Volatility Spike and 
Unusual Price Movement 
Identify the appropriate 
actions to manage alerts 

• 

•  Configure and analyse 

alert scenarios in real-time 

•  Sophisticated case 

management workflows 

Trading Risk 

Pre-Trade Centralised Risk Management 

Pre-Trade  combats  time  consuming  and  error  prone  processes  by  maintaining,  auditing  and  approving  trading  limits 
across multiple platforms in one centralised application 

•  Submit, review and 

approve limit change 
requests for software 
trading platforms 
•  Automate pre-approved 

limit changes 
•  View the completed 

status of limit requests 
•  Capture all limit activity 

and simplify reporting 
•  Maintain a database of 

account limits by date or 
date range, detailing 
adjustments since 
inception 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

At-Trade P&L and Margin 

At-Trade meets your risk management goals for P&L, Margin and position management in real-time 

•  Understand exposure at all 

times 

•  Receive automatic alerts 

of limit violations 
•  Obtain real-time data 

directly from exchanges 
and clearing houses 
•  Calculate SPAN, SPAN2, 
PRISMA and custom 
margin requirements in 
real time 

•  Build “what if” portfolios to 
test trading strategies  

Post-Trade Stress 

Post-Trade supports the creation of custom risk views to scale both the amount and type of risk calculations performed, 
delivering a “Maximum Risk” value 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

React to extreme 
volatility through 
intraday stress, P&L 
and position 
monitoring 
Analyse multiple 
market stress 
scenarios 
simultaneously 
Understand your 
exposure with multi-
level stress risk 
scenarios 
Define single and 
multi-dimensional limit 
alerts 
Provide parametric, 
historic and Monte 
Carlo analysis criteria 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The Board considers the risks set out below to be the principal risks to KRM22.  The Board continually reviews the risks 
facing KRM22 to help monitor and manage these risks, and ensures appropriate steps are taken to mitigate them.  If more 
than one event occurs, it is possible that the overall effect of such events would compound the possible adverse effects 
on KRM22.  The Board recognises that the nature and scope of risks can change and there may be other risks to which 
KRM22 is exposed so the list is not intended to be exhaustive.   

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

Mitigating actions 

Global 
economic 
uncertainty and rising 
inflation 

Customer retention 

Global economic uncertainty, and the risk of an 
impending  recession,  together  with  significant 
increases in inflation will impact all of KRM22’s 
stakeholders. 
  Economic  uncertainty  could 
impact  liquidity  of  existing  customers  and  the 
to  convert  new  sales 
ability  by  KRM22 
opportunities.  Rising inflation of more than 10%, 
or  as  high  as  18%  in  Czech  Republic  where 
KRM22  has  an  office,  will  increase  the  cost  of 
goods  and  services  purchased  from  third 
parties.    High  inflation  creates  liquidity  issues 
and  uncertainty  for  KRM22  staff  which  in  turn 
leads to an increase in salary and compensation 
expectations.  All of these stakeholders have the 
ability to impact the profitability of KRM22.  The 
potential impacts are detailed further under the 
separate risk and uncertainty components. 

Given  KRM22’s  strategic  focus  on  Annualised 
Recurring  Revenue, 
retention  of  key 
the 
customers  is  critical  to  the  maintenance  of 
revenue  streams.    The  loss  of  key  customers 
could adversely impact business results. 

New contract signings  Delays  in  new  customer  contract  signings  will 
impact business results and the cash position of 
KRM22.  Investors are expecting KRM22 to sign 
new customer contracts and increase ARR and 
any  delays  in  this  will  impact  shareholder 
confidence. 

Foreign exchange 

KRM22 operates internationally and is therefore 
exposed  to  fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange 
rates. 

The mitigating actions associated with global economic 
inflation  related  risks  and 
uncertainty  and  rising 
uncertainties  are  included  in  further  detail  under  each 
risk and uncertainty component listed below. 

Every customer has an account manager who regularly 
speaks  with 
the  customer  and  who  ensures 
requirements are met. 

KRM22  also  has  a  centralised  customer  support  team 
with  defined  service  levels  to  ensure  quality  product 
service to the customer. 

All  sales  opportunities  are  assigned  a  key  internal 
contact at KRM22 who updates the executive team on a 
regular basis.   

The CFO maintains detailed cash forecasts that include 
sensitivity  analysis  applied  to  new  sales  opportunities 
including  delayed  sales,  reduced  recurring  and  non-
recurring  revenue  values  and  no  future  sales  growth.  
These  are  reviewed  and  discussed  on  a  regular  basis 
between the CFO and CEO so that they can manage the 
cost base and cashflow accordingly.  The forecasts are 
also discussed at the monthly Board meetings. 

KRM22 relies on a partial natural hedge of GBP, EUR and 
USD  costs  and  revenue  being  in  the  same  currencies.  
KRM22 also continuously monitors its foreign exchange 
exposure 
forward  currency 
transactions are necessary. 

to  assess  whether 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

  Mitigating actions 

Liquidity of customers  KRM22 has a global customer base with these 
customers  being  stakeholders  in  their  own 
supply  chain.    Customer’s  liquidity  will  be 
dependent on a number of factors including the 
ability  of  their  own  customers  to  pay  sales 
invoices, their suppliers providing services that 
support their own revenue and the availability of 
staff  to  perform  the  work  that  drives  their 
revenue  and  liquidity  of  the  business.    The 
actions  of  these  stakeholders  will  impact  the 
customers  liquidity  and  their  ability  to  pay 
KRM22 sales invoices. 

Compliance  with  laws 
and regulations 

KRM22’s  business  is  the  sale  of  software  that 
will facilitate compliance with financial services 
laws  and  regulations.    A  failure  by  KRM22  to 
comply  with  laws  and  regulations  in  its  own 
business could lead to fines and revocation of 
business 
licences,  as  well  as  significant 
reputational loss. 

Staff  recruitment  and 
retention 

KRM22 is reliant on the skills and knowledge 
of  its  people  in  a  wide  range  of  areas  but 
especially 
in  executive  management  and 
software development. 

in  critical  areas  could 

Failure  to  recruit,  retain  and  motivate  an 
appropriate  number  of  suitably  qualified 
lead  to  a 
people 
deterioration in the quality of our products and 
services.  This could lead to KRM22 failing to 
meet its customers’ needs resulting in the loss 
of  business  and  a  failure  to  deliver  expected 
financial returns. 

Investor  attitude  and 
confidence 

Investors lose faith in KRM22 and the ability to 
grow the business at a rate that provides them 
with a suitable return on investment. 

KRM22 has a centralised finance function with accounts 
receivable  (“AR”)  balances  reviewed  on  a  regular  basis 
with account managers and executives of the Company.  
The  use  of  automated  centralised  systems  allows  AR 
balances to be updated daily and, should an AR balance 
become  overdue,  appropriate  action  can  be  taken  to 
resolve  payment  of  any  outstanding  amounts.  
Sensitivity  analysis  is  included  on  AR  receipts  when 
preparing  cash  forecasts  with  any  bad  or  doubtful  AR 
balances excluded from base case cash forecasts. 

KRM22  employs  fully  qualified  finance  professionals 
and  external  professional  advisors,  including  legal  and 
tax, to ensure all relevant legal and regulatory codes are 
fully complied with. 

reviews  KRM22’s 
The  Remuneration  Committee 
compensation  policies  to  ensure  KRM22  continues  to 
attract,  motivate  and  retain  qualified  personnel.    All 
employees  are  offered  equity  awards,  including  share 
options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) in KRM22 so 
that they have a vested interest in the long-term success 
of KRM22. 

KRM22 is committed to the retention of staff by adopting 
a friendly and flexible working environment and offering a 
broad range of staff benefits. 

There  is  regular  staff  engagement  and  communication 
including  formal  monthly  internal  company  meetings 
where  the  Executive  team  update  all  staff  on  business 
wide  issues  and  encourage  team  participation.    In 
addition, formal staff appraisals are completed two times 
a  year  for  employees  and  their  managers  to  give  direct 
feedback and to understand staff morale, flight risks and 
any  gap  in  skills  or  qualifications.    The  output  of  each 
appraisal is discussed by the Executive Directors with any 
remedial action plans implemented accordingly.  

KRM22 completes salary reviews on an annual basis and, 
as part of this review, undertakes a salary benchmarking 
exercise  to  ensure  that  salaries  are  in  line  with  current 
market trends across the different geographical locations 
in which it operates. 

The  CEO  and  CFO  meet  institutional  shareholders,  fund 
managers  and  analysts  at 
least  twice  a  year  to 
understand  how  the  strategy  and  the  Board’s  decisions 
impact on and are received by investors.  In addition, the 
CEO  and  CFO  maintain regular  contact  with  finnCap,  as 
Broker  and  Nominated  Advisor,  who  keep  in  regular 
contact with KRM22’s investor base. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

Mitigating actions 

Debt facility 

Technology 

Information security 

The convertible loan with Kestrel Partners (the 
“Kestrel Convertible Loan”) requires KRM22 to 
adhere  with  various  obligations 
including 
compliance  with  financial  covenants  and  the 
provision  of 
forward-looking  compliance 
information, payment of interest by due dates 
and the reporting of management information 
within  agreed  timeframes.    Failure  to  comply 
with a financial covenant will result in an Event 
of Default which may result in Kestrel Partners 
withdrawing the Kestrel Convertible Loan with 
all  amounts  accrued  becoming  immediately 
due and payable which would impact KRM22’s 
cashflow.  

On  17  June  2023,  Trading  Technologies 
International  Inc.  (“TT”)  provided  a  new  debt 
facility  (the  “TT  Convertible  Loan”)  to  KRM22 
with some of the proceeds used to repay the 
Kestrel  Convertible  Loan.    The  principal  risks 
and uncertainties associated  with the Kestrel 
Convertible Loan are also applicable to the TT 
Convertible Loan.  

To  remain  successful,  KRM22  must  ensure 
that 
its  products  continue  to  meet  the 
requirements of customers.  If products do not 
meet  the  requirements  of  customers,  they 
could  seek  alternative  solutions,  resulting  in 
loss of revenue. 

To be a credible and competitive Software-as-
a-Service  (SaaS)  organisation  who  stores, 
processes  or  transmits  critical  information, 
well  defined  controls  and  procedures  are 
required to be defined and adhered to.  Without 
these  controls  and  procedures,  unauthorised 
access  and  theft  of  customer  and  Company 
data  could  materialise  and  be  extremely 
damaging  to  the  Company,  both  financially 
and reputationally.   

The  risk  of  failing  to  adhere  with  financial  covenants  is 
mitigated  by  growth  in  ARR  generated  through  new 
customer 
cash, 
agreements,  management 
management of the cost base and ensuring that regular 
forecasts are maintained that include sensitivity analysis 
applied  to  new  sales  opportunities.    Forecasts,  with 
specific  reference  to  the  financial  covenants  are  also 
reviewed and discussed at each Board meeting. 

of 

There are defined reporting obligations that KRM22 has to 
Kestrel  Partners  and  this  includes  a  process  to  engage 
together in advance of any forecasted issues and risks.  

The  mitigations  associated  with  the  Kestrel  Convertible 
Loan also apply to the TT Convertible Loan. 

KRM22’s Product Managers are subject matter experts in 
their fields and understand the trends of the market and 
customer  needs. 
In  addition,  customer  account 
managers gather requirements of the existing customer 
base  and 
to  product 
development.    KRM22’s  CTO,  together  with  the  Product 
Managers, use this information and feedback and invest 
in the products and underlying technology to enhance the 
existing products and develop new features. 

information 

feedback 

that 

and 

policies 

security 

SOC 2 requires organisations to establish and follow strict 
information 
procedures, 
encompassing 
the  security,  availability,  processing, 
integrity  and  confidentiality  of  customer  data.    The 
Company  is  SOC  2  accredited  with  an  audit  being 
undertaken on an annual basis each year for accreditation 
to continue.  In addition to mitigating information security 
risks, SOC 2 accreditation provides KRM22 with an edge 
over competitors who cannot show compliance. 

In  addition  to  the  risk  of  customer  and 
Company data theft, KRM22 is susceptible to 
more general fraud and security risks including 
spam  and  phishing  emails  sent  to  KRM22 
staff.  If such emails, and any attachments are 
opened by staff, the email and/or attachment 
could  instal  fraud  spyware  and/or  impact 
services.  If any phishing emails requesting a 
payment  to  be  made  are  received  and 
actioned,  KRM22  could  make  fraudulent 
payments resulting in financial loss. 

In  addition  to  SOC2,  all  staff  are  provided  with  regular 
training  on  information  security  and  fraud  and  are 
expected  to  review  and  formally  acknowledge  the 
Company’s  Information  Security  Code  of  Practice  on an 
annual basis.  KRM22 has anti-virus software installed on 
all machines which is managed by central IT services and 
audited on a regular basis.  KRM22 has Cyber Essentials 
accreditation  which  provides  reassurance  that  it  has 
sufficient defences against the vast majority of common 
cyber attacks.  All bank payments require dual approval to 
mitigate the risk of an unapproved payment being made 
to a fraudulent third party. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

SECTION 172 STATEMENT 

Under section 172(1) of the Companies Act 2006, the Directors of a company have a duty to promote the success of the 
company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to: 

a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
e) 
f) 

the likely consequences of any decision in the long-term; 
the interests of the company’s employees; 
the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; 
the impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; 
the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 
the need to act fairly as between members of the company. 

Set out below is a summary of how the Directors have performed their duty under section 172(1) of the Companies Act, 
including how the Board has engaged with key stakeholders during the year. 

Why engagement is important 

How Directors and/or management 
engage 

Strategic decisions in the year 

Customers 

Regular  customer  engagement  ensures 
that  KRM22  understands  customer 
expectations so that it can meet or exceed 
these requirements.  In addition, it allows 
management  to  understand  the  risk  of 
churn  and  take  corrective  action  to 
mitigate this risk.  

Investors 
Allows  communication  of  KRM22’s  long-
term  strategic  objectives  to  secure  the 
investors  ongoing  support  for  strategic 
objectives and provides an opportunity for 
investors to raise any questions. 

Team 
Continuous  engagement  and  two-way 
communication  with  staff  allows  staff  to 
understand  and  deliver  KRM22’s  long-
term  strategic  objectives.    Transparency 
and  openness  improve  motivation  and 
productivity  rates  and  helps  to  maintain 
low staff turnover. 

The  easing  of  COVID 
travel 
restrictions  allowed  the  reintroduction  of 
face-to-face meetings with key customers 
and sales prospects on a regular basis. 

related 

Open  dialogue  with  customers  and 
understanding  their  needs  influenced  the 
product roadmap of ongoing development 
work  and  release  on  new  features  in  the 
KRM22 product suite. 

Following  the  release  of  the  Company’s 
FY21  full  year  results  and  FY22  interim 
results  in  March  and  September  2022 
respectively,  the  CEO  and  CFO  met  with 
individual investors to discuss the results. 

No  strategic  decisions  were  made  in  the 
year affecting investors. 

Monthly  “All  Hands”  meetings  in  which 
management  update  staff  on  company 
progress  with 
two-way  participation 
encouraged. 

Strategic  decision  made  early  in  the  year 
to  complete  a  reorganisation  of  the 
internal  KRM22  team  into  four  distinct 
pillars:  

Staff  appraisals  completed  twice  a  year 
with  a  review  of  accountabilities  and  the 
setting of objectives. 

“pulse”  survey 
Anonymous  monthly 
completed  with  results  discussed  by 
management  and  action  taken  where 
appropriate. 

Following  the  easing  of  COVID  related 
travel  restrictions,  management  regularly 
visit overseas offices. 

•  Revenue:  help  focus  on  growing 

ARR; 

•  Customer 

improve 
Services: 
account  management  and  reduce 
customer churn; 

•  Technology: 

enhance 

product 
development, 
with 
software  development  and  internal 
IT; and 

together 

•  Finance/HR/Legal: 

enhancing 
internal  administration  to  support 
business growth. 

Implementation  of  LTIP  equity  bonus 
plans  for  all  staff  based  on  corporate, 
team and individual performance. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Why engagement is important 

How Directors and/or management 
engage 

Strategic decisions in the year 

Suppliers 

Engagement  with  key  suppliers  ensures 
its  business 
that  KRM22  operates 
effectively and without disruption. 

Inc. 

Trading Technologies International, Inc. 
In December 2021, and as part of Trading 
Technologies 
(“TT”) 
International 
investment in KRM22, both parties entered 
into  a  distribution  agreement  for  the 
distribution of KRM22 products into the TT 
customer 
significant 
opportunities for growth and cross selling.  
Collaborative engagement was important 
as it would enable products to be launched 
in a timely manner to help drive the growth 
of KRM22.  

base 

with 

KRM22  nominates  internal  resource  to 
manage  key  supplier  relationships  with 
regular  meetings  between  these  parties 
which is reported back to management. 

team,  represented  by  key 
A  project 
individuals 
from  both  parties,  was 
established  to  agree  on  the  order  of 
priority 
for  making  KRM22  products 
available to TT customers.  The team meet 
on a weekly basis to collaborate on ideas 
and resolve any operational and technical 
issues prior to the launch of the products. 

No  strategic  decisions  were  made  in  the 
year affecting suppliers. 

A strategic decision was made to prioritise 
the  launch  of  Limits  Manager  on  the  TT 
platform in March 2022 and Risk Manager 
in November 2022. 

Kestrel Partners, as debt provider 
forward-looking 
of 
Communication 
compliance  information  under  terms  of 
the  Kestrel  Convertible  Loan  allows  the 
Directors and Kestrel Partners to evaluate 
any  risks  and  agree  remedial  action  if 
required. 

reports  on  compliance  with 
KRM22 
financial covenants and provides forward-
looking compliance information at the end 
of each quarter.  In addition to the CEO and 
CFO  meeting  with  Kestrel  to  discuss  the 
underlying data and projections. 

increasing 

focus  as 

Given that the original Kestrel Convertible 
Loan had a maturity date of 15 September 
2023, refinancing the debt facility became 
an 
the  year 
progressed.    The  CEO  and  CFO  explored, 
and  were  offered,  alternative  sources  of 
funding to replace the existing facility and 
on  17  June  2023  KRM22  signed  a  new 
debt  facility  (the  “TT  Convertible  Loan”) 
with  Trading  Technologies  International, 
Inc. 
the  Kestrel 
to 
(“TT”) 
Convertible Loan. 

replace 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance 

 
 
 
 
 
20 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Chairman 

Keith  has  over  40  years  of  global  technology  business  experience  from  publicly  listed  and  large 
multi-nationals to start-up businesses. 

Keith is Executive Chairman of KRM22, having previously held the joint roll of Executive Chairman and CEO of KRM22.  As 
well as being Executive Chairman of KRM22, he is currently CEO of Trading Technologies International, Inc. 

From 2002 to 2017 he served as Executive Chairman of AIM listed FFastFill plc, provider of SaaS to the global derivatives 
community.  Keith retained this position even after FFastFill was acquired by Ion Group in 2013. 

He was Non-Executive chairman of AIM listed Aferian plc, a provider of digital TV entertainment and cloud solutions to 
network operators from 2005 to 2019.  He also served as Non-Executive Chairman of UK Broadband Stakeholder Group 
(a UK Government advisory board), Easynet plc and Chief Executive of ICL plc. 

Stephen Casner 
CEO 

Stephen became CEO of KRM22 in December 2021, having previously served as President and, previous to that, CEO of 
the  North  American  business  since  KRM22’s  inception.    Along  with  responsibility  for  the  Company’s  North  Americas 
operations, he has helped form and create KRM22’s market risk products as well as lead the Company’s acquisition of 
Prime Analytics in Chicago and Object+ in Amsterdam. 

Stephen has accumulated over 35 years of experience in the “Fin-Tech” industry.  He served as CEO and Co-Founder of 
HazelTree, the world’s leading treasury technology solution for hedge funds and global asset managers, from 2010 until 
2017.  He led AIM-TO as CEO from 2004 to 2010 and Picasso Software as CEO when Picasso was named one of the 50 
fastest growing technology companies in 2002.  He also ran Chicago based Quantra group and drove their growth to a 
successful sale to SS&C Technologies in 1997. 

Kim Suter 
CFO 

Kim has significant experience in building and leading finance functions to support business growth. 

He started his career in practice, covering all aspects of audit, financial reporting and tax for a range of clients, providi ng 
him with a broad knowledge of how finance functions operate across different business sizes and industries.   Kim has 
since applied this knowledge to support structured growth at a number of start-up organisations prior to joining KRM22.  
Kim joined KRM22 in July 2018 as Head of Finance to set up the finance function for the KRM22 group.  He has served 
as CFO since July 2019 and joined the KRM22 Board in April 2020.  Kim is a qualified Chartered Certified Accountant. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Sandy Broderick 
Non-Executive Director 

Sandy was previously Non-Executive Director of AIM listed regulatory reporting and collateral risk management solutions 
company, Lombard Risk Management plc, which was acquired by Vermeg Group. 

Prior  to  Lombard  Risk  Management  he  was  CEO  of  DTCC  DerivSERV,  where  he  led  the  roll  out  of  its  Global  Trade 
Repository in Europe and Asia, as well as holding the CEO position of New York Portfolio Clearing, where he oversaw its 
development and successful sale to ICE. 

During Sandy’s 23 year derivative trading career at Société Générale and Bank of America, he was at the centre of several 
industry initiatives in clearing and market infrastructure, including development of the LCH Clearnet SwapClear system. 

Sandy was Chairman of the OTC Derivnet Board from 2011 to 2012.  Currently Sandy works with a number of companies 
as an expert witness for Regulatory, Trading and Competition issues. 

Garry Jones 
Non-Executive Director 

Garry  Jones  is  currently  CEO  of  NovaFori,  a  leading  technology  company  operating  in  the  marketplace  and  auction 
technology space - overlaying platform technology with machine learning and artificial intelligence.  As well as being a 
Non-Executive Director of KRM22, he is a member of the Board of ICBCS, an emerging markets investment bank. 

He  has  many  years’  experience  in  financial  services,  and  has  been  CEO  of  three  of  the  largest  derivatives  and  OTC 
exchanges in Europe: BrokerTec, LIFFE and the LME, as well as taking leadership roles in the parent companies of NYSE 
Euronext and HKEX. 

He  has  contributed  to  the  business  change,  growth,  and  globalisation  in  the  exchange  world  as  technology  has 
fundamentally changed the way that we trade, driving the momentum behind electronic trading and increased efficiency 
in the post trade environment. 

Steve Sparke 
Non-Executive Director 

Steve has over 35 years’ experience in Financial Services, trading Interest Rate products for the  first 
15 years, and subsequently in the Exchange Traded Derivatives (“ETD”) and Commodity industry with extensive board-
level experience for global ETD and Commodities organisations.   

Prior to his role as Vice Chairman, leading the Conduct and Culture initiatives of Marex, Steve spent 10 years as Group 
COO, responsible for the firm’s operating environment, including IT, Operations, Risk, Compliance and HR.   

Prior to Marex, Steve spent 20 years with UBS where he was Managing Director and Global Head of Exchange-Traded 
Derivatives.   

Since retiring from Marex, Steve holds NED positions on the UK Regulated Entities of TP ICAP and was Non-Executive 
Chairman of FIA’s European Advisory Board until the end of 2019, where he continues as a Board Advisor.  Steve was 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

previously a NED of NYSE Euronext LIFFE (now ICE Europe) for over 10 years and was a NED at PATS Systems, an AIM-
listed DMA system provider.  

Steve has a Law degree from Nottingham University. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

In applying a recognised corporate governance code, the Directors have adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance’s (“QCA”) 
Corporate  Governance  Code  for  small  and  mid-sized  quoted  companies  (“QCA  Code”).    The  principal  means  of 
communicating  our  application  of 
this  Annual  Report  and  on  our  website 
(www.krm22.com/investor-relations/governance). 

the  Code  are  detailed 

in 

The Directors believe that, in addition to being responsible for setting the strategic direction and managing risk across the 
business, they are responsible for good corporate governance, clear shareholder and stakeholder communications and 
monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  the  Executive  Directors.    The  Directors  believe  that  effective  corporate  governance, 
appropriate to KRM22, considering its size and stage of development, will assist in the delivery of corporate strategy, the 
generation of shareholder value and the safeguarding of shareholders’ long-term interests. 

This report follows the structure of the QCA Code guidelines and explains how the Board have applied the guidance as 
well as the reasons for any departures from the guidance. 

At the centre of KRM22’s philosophy are four groups of stakeholders: 

•  Customers: Customers should enjoy doing business with KRM22, receive value for money and understand that 

KRM22 is aligned with their values. 
Investors: Investors should receive superior returns from KRM22, governed along established lines. 

• 
•  Team: The team should be highly motivated, well rewarded and believe in the Company vision. 
•  Community: The local and global community should see KRM22 as an asset. 

In adopting QCA principles, the Directors have ensured alignment with the goals of the Company’s stakeholders. 

QCA PRINCIPLES 

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for shareholders 

KRM22 listed on AIM, via an IPO, on 30 April 2018.  As part of this process, the Board determined the long-term vision of 
KRM22 and detailed the steps to achieve that strategy. 

At the start of 2022, and following the appointment of Stephen Casner as CEO, the Board refined the strategy, based on 
customer  feedback,  additional  input  from  risk  management  experts  at  KRM22,  shareholder  feedback,  debt  provider 
feedback and employee participation which has led to a clearer definition of KRM22’s strategy.   The strategy previously 
focused on five domains of risk: Enterprise, Market, Compliance, Operations and Technology, and this has been simplified 
into two segments as Trading Risk and Corporate Risk. 

Corporate status: KRM22 (KRM:L) is a closed-ended investment company (CEIC) listed on the AIM of the London Stock 
Exchange.  This means that the number of shares in the Company are known and the shares are traded on AIM.  KRM22 
expects to convert to an operating company when its business develops to fit the necessary criteria. 

In adopting Principle 1, KRM22 is assisting investors to obtain longer-term superior returns. 

Principle 2: Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

The  Company’s  CEO  and  CFO  meet  institutional  shareholders,  fund  managers  and  analysts  at  least  twice  a  year  to 
understand how the strategy and the Board’s decisions impact on and are received by investors. 

The Annual General Meeting provides an opportunity for all shareholders to meet the Directors and raise any questions. 

finnCap act as the Company’s NOMAD and broker. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Nominated Advisor (NOMAD): NOMADs are approved by the London Stock Exchange and must meet eligibility 
criteria set out in the AIM Rules for NOMADs.  In their role, finnCap advises and guides the KRM22 Board on its 
responsibilities as an AIM listed business and undertakes due diligence and works as the primary advisor of the 
business. 

Broker:  finnCap  is  also  the  appointed  broker  of  KRM22.    In  this  role  finnCap  facilitate  communications  with 
existing and potential new investors.  The CEO and CFO regularly meet investors together with representatives of 
the  broker.    finnCap  also  advise  KRM22  on  shareholder  communications  on  its  website,  all  RNS  releases 
(Regulatory News Service – AIM) and will guide communications within the Annual Report. 

Investor queries can be directed to KRM22 by email to InvestorRelations@krm22.com.  All advisor details, including those 
of KRM22’s NOMAD and Auditors can be found on the last page of this report. 

In adopting Principle 2, KRM22 assures investors that the Company is aligned to their needs, expectations and values. 

Principle  3:  Take  into  account  wider  stakeholder  and  social  responsibilities  and  their  implications  for  long-term 
success 

The Board believes that KRM22 should be seen as an asset to its stakeholders, aligned with their values.  This is why the 
Board is working to establish an Environment, Social and Governance (“ESG”) programme. 

The  ESG  programme  will  be  centred  around  meeting  the  United  Nations  17  Sustainable  Development  Goals  (“SDGs”) 
(https://sdgs.un.org/goals).  In order to work towards these SDGs, KRM22 will promote a culture of transparency and 
discussion amongst all four stakeholder groups. 

The first phase of the ESG programme, which KRM22 is in the process of undertaking, is an exercise to benchmark the 
Company against the SDGs with the aim of establishing the areas of focus for the remainder of the programme.  During 
this benchmarking phase, each stakeholder group will be considered and if necessary, consulted to establish alignment 
with their views and values. 

In addition to the ESG programme, KRM22 continually gathers feedback from all stakeholder groups. 

Methods of two-way communication include: 

Investors: See Principle 10 below. 

Customers: Regular meetings with existing and potential customers by the Revenue and Customer Service teams. 

Team: KRM22 communicates regularly with the cross-country, multi-national and diverse team in multiple ways.  Monthly 
internal company meetings are held where the Executive team update all staff on business-wide issues and encourage 
including  team-wide  easy-to-use 
team  participation. 
communication tools, formal performance appraisals are completed two times a year, with informal appraisals completed 
throughout  the  year,  a  monthly  “pulse”  where  staff  participate  on  an  anonymous  basis  to  help  the  Executive  team 
understand the mood of business and “all-employee”  announcements (for example, on acquisitions/investments, new 
customer contract wins, customer projects and other business-wide news). 

  In  addition,  KRM22  uses  centralised 

internal  systems 

Principle 3 provides the main methodology of meeting KRM22’s ESG goals across all stakeholder groups. 

Principle 4: Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation 

Good effective risk management is part of KRM22’s DNA and the Company has built the Risk Cockpit as a product to 
market and sell and also use internally to effectively manage risk throughout the Company.  Therefore, risk management 
is embedded in the culture of not only the KRM22 Board, but also the whole team. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Director  experience  in  risk  management:  All the Directors have experience of building growing multi-national 
businesses and understand the risks and challenges that come with the journey.  Their sector and professional 
mix of skills is particularly relevant – see Principle 6. 

Team experience in risk management: The subject matter expertise within the multi-national team is very strong 
and includes experts in in Trading and Corporate risk.  As a company dedicated to risk management technology, 
the KRM22 team has a high understanding and experience in managing risk. 

Risk Cockpit: The Risk Cockpit is an application that KRM22 has developed to allow CEOs and their teams to see 
real-time risk statuses and enable them to take action, in addition to managing specific projects.  KRM22 has 
implemented the Risk Cockpit internally to monitor and manage risks including the development of customer 
dashboards built on the Risk Cockpit framework. 

Controls and processes: The Directors are continually reviewing controls and processes in all key areas on an 
ongoing basis.   

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the Chair 

The Board comprises three executives, including the Executive Chairman, and three non-executives which encourages 
healthy challenge and debate with the non-executives providing additional independence.   

The principal role of the Executive Chairman, Keith Todd, is to manage and to provide leadership to the Board of Directors 
of the Company.  The Executive Chairman is accountable to the Board.  The principal role of the CEO, Stephen Casner, is 
to  make  major  corporate  decisions,  manage  the  overall  operations  and  resources  and  act  as  the  ultimate  point  of 
communication with stakeholders.  In keeping these two roles separate, KRM22 is adhering to the QCA guidelines for the 
role of Chairman and CEO to be held by two different people. 

The  Board  believes  strongly  that  a  mix  of  professional  skills,  risk  management  experience  and  capital  market 
understanding make a difference, as does diversity, and one of the responsibilities of the Nomination Committee is to 
undertake an annual assessment of Board Effectiveness which includes a review of skills, experience and composition. 

The KRM22 leadership is described on pages 20 – 22. 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities 

The Directors consider that the mix of professional skills, risk management experience and capital market understanding 
is key to the effectiveness of the Board and its Committees.  As such, the Board is very satisfied that the resulting mix of 
skills is suited to the sector, to the maturity and growth stage and for an AIM listed business. 

Skills: Of the six Directors, five have worked within capital markets, two are qualified accountants and one is a qualified 
lawyer.  All six Directors have experience of growing businesses and how risks need to be managed within a fast-growth 
environment. 

The Directors maintain their professional experience and skill set through Continued Professional Development (legal and 
financial), and constant contact with customers, sector experts and industry influencers, and by listening to feedback 
from all stakeholders. 

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 

The KRM22 Board has three Board Committees, each consisting of the three independent Non-Executive Directors.  See 
more details in Principle 9. 

The  responsibilities  of  the  Nomination  Committee  include  an  annual  assessment  of  Board  Effectiveness.    The  last 
assessment was completed in April 2022.  The Non-Executive Directors assessed the Board on: 

• 

risk management (including Going Concern); 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

the effectiveness of decision processes and decision making; 

•  adequacy of management information to make decisions and manage risk; 
• 
•  Board composition (mix of skills, experience, diversity, and adequate succession planning); 
• 
the effectiveness of each Director on the Board, whether Executive or Non-Executive; 
•  Board communication and organisation; and 
•  director induction and training. 

The  Nomination  Committee  regarded  the  Board’s  performance,  effectiveness  and  composition  as  appropriate 
considering the size of the Company however they continue to monitor the Board’s construction and remit.   

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

KRM22 has brought together different business and nationality cultures, through acquisitions and its own organic growth, 
and therefore the Board is very people-focused, including all stakeholders whether internal or external. 

Team 

The aim of the Directors is to build and maintain a culture of transparency and performance and the Directors believe that 
empowerment of employees is key to delivering the strategy. 

KRM22’s three key company values are: 

focus wins; 

• 
•  business is a team game; and 
• 
clear accountabilities for all. 

All employees have access to an internal HR system which provides the full organisation chart across KRM22.  This helps 
each employee understand where they fit within the organisation and how their work contributes to KRM22’s growth and 
performance. 

KRM22 has adopted corporate policies, staff handbooks and accounting policies which are aligned with the needs of the 
Group, each country and team.  Each member of the team is expected to sign and adhere to certain policies, including the 
Business Code of Conduct which outlines key responsibilities in terms of ethics. 

In addition, for full transparency, the Board has adopted whistleblowing policies for employees and external stakeholders, 
including the choice of reporting to and excluding the CFO. 

As discussed in Principle 3, KRM22’s ESG programme is focused on meeting the United Nations 17 SDGs which promotes 
a strong ethical culture within all areas of the Company. 

Principle 9: Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making 
by the Board 

The Board of Directors is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the business, managing risks and monitoring 
performance  and  progress.    To  help  fulfil  these  responsibilities,  the  Directors  have  implemented  independent  Board 
Committees which together with the Matters Reserved for the Board, provide structure and formalisation of corporate 
governance. 

The  Board  is  provided  with  monthly  financial  and  non-financial  information  for  monitoring  performance  and  to  make 
strategic decisions.  The Board has a formal schedule of Matters Reserved for the Board including acquisitions,  share 
subscriptions and approval of the annual budget, together with standing items such as health and safety, conflicts of 
intertest  and  concerns  reported  through  whistleblowing  procedures.    The  Board  aims  to  meet  for  scheduled  Board 
meetings ten times per year, plus ad hoc meetings as required.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27 

Risk Management 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

The Company uses its own Risk Cockpit software tool to assess and monitor risks.  This has gradually replaced any list 
of risks in Excel or Word (often the basis for a “Risk Register”) and deliver much more visibility to the Directors of the 
performance KRM22 as a whole. 

Independence 

At  31  December  2022  the  Board  was  comprised  of  the  Executive  Chairman,  two  Executive  Directors  and  three  Non-
Executive Directors.  Three of the Non-Executive Directors are considered independent as they have not previously worked 
with the executive team. 

Under their letters of appointment, the Non-Executive Directors have a time commitment of two days per month and the 
executives are full-time (with time allowed for agreed external professional activities).  All Directors are able to allocate 
sufficient time to KRM22 to fulfil their responsibilities. 

Nine board meetings were held during the year. 

20 

Board meeting  
attendance 2022 
Executive Chairman 
Keith Todd 
Executive Directors 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Non-Executive Directors 
Sandy Broderick 
Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 

Board committees 

Maximum possible  
meeting attendance 

Number of meetings  
attended 

% of meetings  
attended 

9 

9 
9 

9 
9 
9 

9 

9 
9 

7 
9 
8 

100 

100 
100 

78 
100 
89 

The  Directors  have  established  an  Audit  Committee,  a  Nomination  Committee  and  a  Remuneration  Committee  with 
formally delegated duties and responsibilities.  None of the Executive Directors are members of these Committees and, 
when invited to attend Committee meetings, it is to present information and not be part of the decision making. 

Principle  10:  Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 

All  financial  reports  and  publicly-available  information  is  published  in  the  investor  information  section  of  the  KRM22 
website (www.krm22.com/investor-relations).  This includes AIM rule 26, significant shareholder information and details 
of the Directors’ roles and experience. 

The CEO and CFO meet with institutional fund investors to communicate progress and plans at least twice a year and 
have  met  them  at  other  times  where  appropriate.    In  addition,  the  CEO  and  CFO  meet  with  Kestrel  Partners  LLP  (the 
“Security Agent”) to report on financial covenants and forward-looking compliance information as part of the reporting 
obligations of the Kestrel Convertible Loan. 

The  Directors  believe  that  these  meetings  provide  valuable  two-way  communication  and  allow  investors  and  Security 
Agent to provide feedback.  Other investors are provided a channel for communication via the KRM22 investor information 
on the website and via email contact at InvestorRelations@krm22.com. 

The report of Board Committees is included in our Annual Report and Accounts each year.  When General Meetings are 
held, the Directors publish the results of votes on the KRM22 website in the Investor Information section.  

Internally KRM22 uses multiple team-tools to communicate – see Principle 3. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Board Committees and Secretary 

The Board delegates authority to three committees to assist in meeting its business objectives while ensuring a sound 
system of internal control and risk management.  The committees meet independently of Board meetings. 

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee was established by a resolution of the Board on the recommendation of the Nomination Committee.  
The Audit Committee, which meets at least two times a year, consisted of Steve Sparke, Garry Jones and Sandy Broderick, 
all  of  whom  were  non-executive  directors  of  the  Company.    During  the  year  to  31  December  2022,  and  to  date,  the 
Committee was chaired by Steve Sparke.  The responsibilities of the Audit Committee are detailed in the Audit Committee 
report on page 29. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee, which meets at least once a year, consisted of Sandy Broderick, Garry Jones and Steve 
Sparke, all of whom were non-executive directors of the Company.  The Committee was established by a resolution of the 
Board on the recommendation of the Nomination Committee.  During the year to 31 December 2022, and to date, the 
Committee  was  chaired  by  Sandy  Broderick.    The  responsibilities  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are  detailed  in  the 
Remuneration Committee report on page 31. 

Nomination Committee 

The  Nomination  Committee,  which  meets  at  least  once  a  year,  consisted  of  Sandy  Broderick,  Garry  Jones  and  Steve 
Sparke, all of whom are non-executive directors of the Company.  The Committee was established by a resolution of the 
Board.    During  the  year  to  31  December  2022,  and  to  date,  the  Committee  was  chaired  by  Sandy  Broderick.    The 
responsibilities of the Nomination Committee are detailed in the Nomination Committee report on page 34. 

For and on behalf of the Board 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Chairman 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Audit Committee is responsible for challenging the quality of internal and external controls and for ensuring that the 
financial performance of KRM22 is properly reviewed and reported. 

The Committee reviews reports on the interim and annual accounts, financial announcements, the Company’s accounting 
and financial control systems, changes to accounting policies, the extent of non-audit services undertaken by the external 
auditor and the appointment of the external auditor. 

During  the  year  the  Audit  Committee  reviewed  the  2021  annual  report,  2022  interim  report  and  the  associated 
announcements.  The Audit Committee considered the accounting policies and principles adopted in these accounts as 
well as significant accounting issues and areas of judgement and complexity. 

Composition 

The terms of reference for the Audit Committee require the  committee to consist of preferably three members but not 
less than two members and that a majority of the members shall be independent non-executives with at least one of 
whom shall have recent relevant financial experience. 

Throughout 2022 the Audit Committee was composed of myself, Steve Sparke, as Chairman, Sandy Broderick and Garry 
Jones.  I have extensive board-level experience and have previously been the Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee 
at NYSE Euronext LIFFE (now ICE Europe) and, whilst working at Marex, the Internal Audit group reported to me, and I was 
a standing attendee of the Audit and Compliance committee.  The Board is of the view that we have recent and relevant 
financial  experience.    Kim  Suter  (CFO),  Carol  Tarpey  (Financial  Controller)  and  other  Executive  Directors  may  attend 
Committee  meetings  by  invitation.    The  Committee  formally  met  on  two  occasions  during  the  year.    However,  other 
informal discussions were held by Committee members during the year and since year end.  I report to the Board following 
an Audit Committee meeting and minutes are available to the Board. 

Role of the Committee 

The main duties of the Committee are set out in its terms of reference, which are available on KRM22’s website and the 
main items of business considered by the Committee in the year included: 

• 
• 

consideration of risk management and internal control systems; 
review and approval of the 2021 audit plan presented by KRM22’s auditor, BDO LLP, which set out the proposed 
scope of work, audit approach, materiality and identified key audit risk areas; 
review of the 2021 audited annual report and financial statements; 
consideration of key audit matters and how they are addressed; 
review of the unaudited 2022 interim report; 
review the suitability of the external auditor; and 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  meeting with the external auditor without management present. 

Financial Reporting 

The Committee reviews whether suitable accounting policies have been adopted and whether management has made 
appropriate  judgements  and  estimates.    The  Committee’s  remit  includes  reviews  of  accounting  papers  prepared  by 
management  providing  details  on  the  main  financial  reporting  judgements  as  well  as  assessments  of  the  impact  of 
potential new accounting standards. 

There were no material changes in accounting policy for the Committee to consider during 2022.  The Committee have 
concluded  that  the  annual  report  and  financial  statements  are  appropriately  prepared  and  provide  the  information 
necessary for shareholders to assess KRM22’s strategy and performance. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Risk management and interim controls 

The risk and control management framework of KRM22 is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
meet  KRM22’s  objectives  and  the  system  can  only  provide  reasonable  and  not  absolute  assurances  against  material 
misstatement or loss.  KRM22 faces a number of risks, the significant ones of which are set out in the section on Principal 
risks and uncertainties on pages 14 – 16. 

Through the control systems outlined in the Statement of Corporate Governance on pages 23 – 28, KRM22 operates an 
ongoing process of identifying, evaluating and managing significant risks faced by the business.  This process includes 
the following: 

•  defined organisation structure and appropriate delegation of authority; 
• 
• 

formal authorisation procedure for investments; 
clear responsibility for management to maintain good financial control and the production and review of detailed, 
accurate and timely financial information; 
identification of operational risks and mitigation plans developed by senior management; and 
regular reports to the Board from Executive Directors. 

• 
• 

During the year, internal control processes have been monitored and reviewed by the Committee and the Board and, where 
necessary improvements, have been identified and implemented.   

External Auditor 

BDO was appointed auditor of KRM22 in 2018.  The Committee considers that its relationship with the auditor is working 
well and is satisfied with their effectiveness. 

The  Committee  is  responsible  for  implementing  a  suitable  policy  for  ensuring  that  non-audit  work  undertaken  by  the 
auditor is reviewed so that it will not impact their independence and objectivity.  The breakdown of fees between audit 
and  non-audit  services  is  provided  in  note  8  to  KRM22’s  financial  statements.    The  non-audit  fees  primarily  relate  to 
taxation advice and compliance. 

As necessary, the Committee held private meetings with the auditor to review key items within its scope of responsibility.  
Taking into account the auditor’s knowledge of KRM22 and experience, the Committee has recommended to the Board 
that the auditor is reappointed for the year ending 31 December 2023. 

For and on behalf of the Audit Committee 

Steve Sparke 
Audit Committee Chairman 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Board has prepared this report in relation to all Directors who have served during the year to 31 December 2022.  As 
an  AIM  listed  company  KRM22  Plc  is  not  required  to  provide  the  full  disclosures  required  of  fully  listed  companies, 
however, the Board has chosen to provide the following details as a voluntary disclosure.  As a result, the Auditor is not 
required to and has not audited the information included in this report. 

Composition 

The terms of reference for the Remuneration Committee require the committee to consist of preferably three members 
but not less than two members and that a majority of the members shall be independent non-executives. 

Throughout 2022 the Committee was composed of myself (Sandy Broderick) as Chairman, Garry Jones and Steve Sparke. 

Role of the Committee 

The purpose of the Committee is to ensure that the executive directors and other key employees of KRM22 (together, 
‘Executive  Directors’)  are  fairly  rewarded  for  their  individual  contribution  to  the  overall  performance  of  KRM22.    The 
Committee’s main role and responsibilities are to: 

•  have responsibility for setting the remuneration policy for Executive Directors and such other members of the 

executive management as it is designated to consider; 
recommend and monitor the level and structure of remuneration for senior management; 

• 
•  obtain  reliable,  up-to-date  information  about  remuneration  in  other  companies  of  comparable  scale  and 

complexity in the light of reviewing the ongoing appropriateness of and relevance of remuneration policy; 
review the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the Board; and 

• 
•  approve the design of, and determine targets for, any performance-related pay schemes operated by KRM22 and 

approve the annual payments made under such schemes. 

Remuneration Policy 

In setting the remuneration policy, the Committee recognises the need to be competitive in an international market.  The 
Committee’s policy is to set remuneration levels which ensure that the Executive Directors are fairly rewarded in line with 
high levels of performance and not in excess of market rates for comparable companies.  Remuneration policy is designed 
to support business growth strategies and to create a strong performance-oriented environment.  The policy must also 
attract,  retain,  and  motivate  high  calibre  individuals.    The  Remuneration  Committee  believes  that  a  successful 
remuneration policy must ensure that a significant proportion of the remuneration package is linked to the achievement 
of ambitious corporate performance targets and a strong alignment with the interests of shareholders. 

Consistent with the pay for performance policy, annual cash bonuses are linked to performance criteria.  Share options, 
restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and warrant awards (collectively “Equity Incentive Awards”) to Executive Directors are linked 
to performance as well as being time vested. 

Annual salary 

Salaries are set at a level appropriate for the role and the individual and are reviewed annually with effect from 1 January.  
Adjustments  are  made,  if  required,  to  reflect  company  and  individual  performance  and  competitive  pay  levels.    The 
Executive Chairman and Executive Director salaries and employment contracts were reviewed and amended with effect 
from 1 January 2022.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32 

Performance bonus 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

These are designed to reflect KRM22’s performance taking into account the performance of its peers, the  markets in 
which  KRM22  operates  and  the  Executive  Directors’  contribution  to  that  performance.    No  bonuses  were  paid  to  the 
Directors in the year. 

Equity Incentive Awards 

The following Equity Incentive Awards covering share options, RSUs and warrants were held by Directors in the year. 

Option holder 
Name 
Keith Todd 

Kim Suter 

Sandy Broderick 

Garry Jones 

Date of grant 
18/09/2020 

Exercise price 
£0.380 

Vesting period 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 

28/09/2018 
10/06/2019 
10/06/2019 
23/12/2019 
22/07/2020 
18/09/2020 
01/10/2020 
12/01/2021 
16/12/2022 

10/06/2019 
18/09/2020 
01/10/2020 

10/06/2019 
01/10/2020 

£1.000 
£0.850 
£0.850 
£0.525 
£0.300 
£0.380 
£0.380 
£0.365 
£0.630 

£0.850 
£0.380 
£0.380 

£0.850 
£0.380 

28/09/2018 – 27/09/2021 
10/06/2019 – 10/06/2022 
10/06/2019 – 01/03/2020 
23/12/2019 – 22/12/2022 
22/07/2020 – 22/08/2020 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 
01/10/2020 – 31/10/2020 
12/01/2021 – 12/02/2021 
16/12/2022 – 15/12/2025 

10/06/2019 – 03/04/2022 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 
01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

10/06/2019 – 03/04/2022 
01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

Steve Sparke 

01/10/2020 

£0.380 

01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

Total 

RSU holder 
Name 
Stephen Casner 
Total 

Warrant holder 
name 
Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Total 

award 
Date of award 
18/09/2020 

Exercise price 
£0.380 

Vesting period 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 

Date of grant 
30/04/2018 
24/04/2018 

Exercise price 
£1.00 
£1.00 

Vesting period 
30/04/2018 – 29/04/2021 
24/04/2018 – 23/04/2021 

Number of ordinary 
shares under option 
287,831 
287,831 
50,000 
50,000 
30,000 
60,000 
21,875 
124,342 
17,270 
17,979 
100,000 
471,466 
10,000 
59,210 
59,211 
128,421 
176,471 
49,342 
225,813 
59,211 
59,211 
1,172,742 

Number of ordinary 
shares under option 
253,162 
253,162 

Warrants 
held 
3,300,000 
1,200,000 
4,500,000 

During the year, a total of 425,557 share options were granted, of which 100,000 share options were granted to Kim Suter 
as part of a LTIP. 

Further information on Equity Incentive Awards is detailed in note 25 to the financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33 

Service contracts 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

The Executive Directors have employment contracts which are subject to between 6- and 12-months’ notice from either 
the executive or KRM22 at any given time. 

Non-Executive Directors’ fees are determined by the Executive Directors having regard to the need to attract high calibre 
individuals with the right experience, the anticipated time commitment to fulfil their duties and  comparative fees paid in 
the market to which KRM22 operates.  They may be invited to participate in KRM22’s Equity Incentive Award schemes. 

Directors’ Emoluments 

The remuneration of the Executive and Non-Executive Directors (audited) for the year ended 31 December 2022 was as 
follows: 

Salary 
& Fees 
£’000 
60 
244 
160 
31 
25 
30 
550 

Benefits 
£’000 
13 
– 
4 
– 
– 
– 
17 

2022 
Share 
based 
payments 
£’000 
8 
32 
10 
2 
2 
– 
54 

Pension 
£’000 
– 
– 
9 
– 
– 
– 
9 

Total 
£’000 
81 
276 
183 
33 
27 
30 
630 

Salary 
& Fees 
£’000 
28 
111 
119 
30 
25 
30 
343 

Benefits 
£’000 
8 
– 
3 
– 
– 
– 
11 

2021 

Share 
based 
payments 
£’000 
105 
68 
17 
2 
9 
– 
201 

Pension 
£’000 
– 
– 
6 
– 
– 
– 
6 

Total 
£’000 
141 
179 
145 
32 
34 
30 
561 

Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Sandy Broderick 
Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 
Total 

The benefits relate to private medical insurance, life insurance, critical illness cover and income protection insurance for 
Directors and their immediate families. 

Directors’ Interests 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2022 had the following interest in the ordinary share capital of the Company 
as at that date: 

Director 

Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Sandy Broderick 
Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 

At 31 December 2022 
No. of ordinary shares of 10p each 

At 31 December 2021 
No. of ordinary shares of 10p each 

2,763,677 
513,143 
26,666 
11,765 
176,471 
273,236 

2,763,677 
513,143 
26,666 
11,765 
176,471 
273,236 

Sandy Broderick 

Remuneration Committee Chairman 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

NOMINATION COMMITTEE REPORT 

During 2022 the Nomination Committee was composed of Sandy Broderick, as Chairman, Garry Jones and Steve Sparke. 

The main duties of the Committee are set out in its terms of reference, which are available on KRM22’s website.  The 
Committee met on one occasion in 2022 to undertake an annual review of Board performance.   

The annual review of Board performance considered the time spent by Non-Executive board members, the structure, size 
and composition of the Board, the Board’s performance and the Nomination Committee’s performance.  The Committee 
concluded  that  the  Board’s  performance,  effectiveness  and  composition  was  appropriate  considering  the  size  of  the 
Company  and  would  continue  to  monitor  the  Board’s  construction  and  remit.    In  considering  the  performance  of  the 
Nomination Committee, the Committee deemed their performance as satisfactory and that everything within its scope 
had been considered satisfactorily. 

In addition to evaluating Board performance, the Committee considered the reappointment of Directors that were required 
to  retire  and  offer  themselves  for  reappointment  at  the  AGM  in  May  2022.    Having  reviewed  their  performance,  the 
Committee recommended to the Board that the retiring Directors be reappointed to the Board. 

Sandy Broderick 

Nomination Committee Chairman 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Directors present their report and the audited financial statements of KRM22 Plc (the “Company”) and its subsidiary 
companies  (together  “KRM22”,  the  “Group”),  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2022.    An  indication  of  likely  future 
developments in the business is set out in the Strategic Report. 

Principal activities 

The  principal  activity  of  KRM22  is  the  development  and  sale  of  risk  management  software  to  the  financial  services 
industry. 

Directors 

The Directors of the Company who served throughout the  year and to the date of signing this report, except as noted 
below were: 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Chairman  

Stephen Casner 

CEO  

Kim Suter 

CFO  

Sandy Broderick 

Non-Executive Director  

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive Director 

Steve Sparke 

Non-Executive Director 

Director indemnification and insurance 

KRM22 maintains Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance for each of its directors.  The insurance covers any liabilities 
that may arise to a third party, other than KRM22 or Company, for negligence, default or breach of trust or duty. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

Further detailed commentary on financial risk management is included in note 27. 

Liquidity risk 

KRM22 seeks to manage financial risk by ensuring adequate liquidity is available to meet foreseeable needs and to invest 
cash assets safely and profitably.  Short-term flexibility is achieved by holding significant cash balances in KRM22’s main 
operational currencies, notably UK Sterling, US Dollar, Euro and Czech Kroner. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36 

Credit risk 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

KRM22 is exposed to credit risk from its operations, primarily from trade receivables.  The credit risk is managed through 
setting payment terms and credit limits with its customers and, where possible, for revenue to be invoiced in advance of 
the service being provided. 

Foreign exchange risk 

KRM22 has significant operations in both the UK and overseas.  Revenue and costs are exposed to variations in exchange 
rates  and  therefore  reported  losses.    There  is  some  natural  hedging  of  transactional  foreign  exchange  risk,  however 
KRM22 remains subject to translation exchange risk. 

Overseas branches 

KRM22 has one branch outside the UK located in Czech Republic. 

Development 

KRM22 continues to dedicate resource to develop the Global Risk Platform and its suite of Trading (Pre-Trade, At-Trade 
and Post-Trade) and Corporate (Risk Cockpit and Market Surveillance) risk management products. 

In accordance with IAS38 ‘Intangible Assets’, expenses are capitalised when it is probable that future economic benefits 
will be attributable to the asset and these costs can be measured reliably (see note 3).  For the year ended 31 December 
2022, total expenditure that has been capitalised on these projects totalled £0.8m (2021: £0.7m). 

Going Concern 

KRM22’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position 
are set out in the Strategic report on pages 10 – 18 and the financial position of KRM22, its cash flows, liquidity position 
and borrowing facilities are described in the notes to the financial statements, in particular in the consolidated cash flow 
statement on page 54 and in note 27 (financial instruments). 

These financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  The Directors have reviewed KRM22’s going 
concern position taking into account its current business activities, budgeted performance and the factors likely to affect 
its future development, which are set out in this Annual Report, and include KRM22’s objectives, policies and processes 
for managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives and its exposure to credit and liquidity risks. 

The Directors have undertaken a significant assessment of the cashflow forecasts covering a period of at least  twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements.  Cashflow forecasts have been prepared based on a range 
of  scenarios  including,  but  not  limited  to,  existing  customer  churn  at  different  churn  rates,  no  new  contracted  sales 
revenue, delayed sales and a combination of these different scenarios. 

Having assessed the sensitivity analysis on cashflows, the key risks to  the KRM22 remaining a going concern without 
implementing extensive cost reduction measures is existing customers paying on payment terms and within 45 days of 
invoice,  customer  churn  of  up  to  10%,  conversion  of  some  of  the  sales  opportunities  that  are  currently  at  contract 
negotiation stage and maintaining control of the cost base.   

If the forecast is achieved, KRM22 will be able to operate within its existing facilities.  However, the time to close new 
customers and the value of each customer, which are deemed individually as high value and low volume in nature, is key.    
Reasonable  downside  scenarios  have  been  considered  and  management  consider  with  appropriate  actions  being 
undertaken KRM22 has the ability to meet the various financial covenants. 

Given KRM22’s forecast, visible sales pipeline and working capital needs, the Directors have considered it is appropriate 
to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

See note 3 on page 56 for further information on going concern. 

Post year-end reporting date events 

On 17 June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement for a new £5.0m convertible loan facility (the “TT Convertible 
Loan”)  arranged  by  Trading  Technologies  International,  Inc.  (“TT”),  the  Company’s  largest  shareholder,  to  replace  the 
existing Kestrel Convertible Loan and to support future business growth. 

The TT Convertible Loan is for up to £5.0m with an initial £4.0m drawn down on 23 June 2023, of which £3.1m was used 
to repay the outstanding Kestrel Convertible Loan debt of £3.0m plus interest of £0.1m. 

The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the aggregate of the SOFR average  rate and a margin of 5.5% 
provided that the amount of such aggregate percentage rate shall be a minimum of 9.25%.  Interest on the TT Convertible 
Loan is paid quarterly however in the first 18 months of the TT Convertible Loan term, interest can be deferred with 50% 
of any deferred interest being paid at 18 months and the remaining balance of deferred interest being paid at 21 months.  
The term of the TT Convertible Loan is three years with the option to extend by a further year to four years. 

TT can convert the TT Convertible Loan into new ordinary shares in the Company at any time at the lowest conversion 
price of: 46p, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s  ordinary shares for the three-month period prior to 
service of a conversion notice; or the lowest daily closing price for the 30 completed calendar days prior to service of a 
conversion notice.  TT has the right to prevent any conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover 
Code.    The  TT  Convertible  Loan  is  secured  on  certain  KRM22  assets  and  includes  covenants  based  on  the  Group’s 
financial performance, based on ARR, revenue recognised and solvency. 

Substantial Shareholders 

As at 31 December 2022, the Shareholders listed below had a disclosable interest of 3% or more in the nominal value of 
the ordinary share capital of the Company. 

Trading Technologies International, Inc. 
Kestrel Partners 

KRM22 Concert Party 
Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management 
Cinnober Financial Technology AB 
Herald Investment Management 
Octopus Investments 

Energy and carbon 

Number of 
ordinary shares 
8,916,584 
6,322,956 

4,392,827 

3,750,000 
2,654,434 
2,077,624 
1,134,308 

Percentage of 
ordinary shares % 
25.0 
17.7 

12.3 

10.5 
7.4 
5.8 
3.2 

The  2018  Regulations  introduced  requirements  under  Part  15  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  for  an  enhanced  group  of 
companies, which are defined as large by the Companies Act 2006, to disclose their annual energy use and greenhouse 
gas emissions, and related information.  The Group is not currently defined as large.  However given the Group’s values 
and taking account of its energy consumption has chosen to apply the 2018 Regulations.   KRM22 plc, itself consumes 
less than 40MWh and therefore as a low energy user, which negates the need to make detailed disclosures of its energy 
and  carbon  information.    Furthermore  and  taking  account  of  this,  it  has  applied  the  option  permitted  by  the  2018 
Regulations to exclude any energy and carbon information relating to its subsidiaries where the subsidiary would not itself 
be obliged to include if reporting on its own account; this applies to all subsidiaries within the group. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Corporate governance 

The Company adopts the QCA Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (“QCA guidelines”) 
as set out on pages 23 – 28. 

Dividends 

No interim dividends were paid and the Directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend. 

Staff Equity Incentive Schemes 

Details of staff Equity Incentive Schemes are set out in note 25 to the financial statements. 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law, Directors 
have prepared the Group and Company financial statements in  accordance with UK adopted international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  Under company law the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of the affairs of 
KRM22 and the Company and for the profit or loss of KRM22 and the Company for that period.  The Directors are also 
required  to  prepare  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  for  companies 
trading securities on the AIM. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are also required to: 

•  Select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently; 
•  Make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
•  State whether they have been prepared in accordance  with UK adopted international accounting standards in 

conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; and 

•  Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume the Group and 

Company will continue in business. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the 
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  They are 
also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Website publication 

The Directors are responsible for ensuring that the annual report and the financial statements are made available on the 
Company’s website.  Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the 
United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in 
other jurisdictions.  The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors.  The 
Directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Disclosure of information to the auditor 

Each of the Directors of the Company at the time when this report was approved confirms that: 

•  So far, as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information which the Company’s auditor is unaware; 

and 

•  He has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information.  This confirmation is 
given in accordance with Section 418(2) of the Act. 

Auditor 

BDO LLP was appointed as auditor to the Company and in accordance with Section 485 of the Companies Act 2006, a 
resolution proposing that they be reappointed will be tabled at a General Meeting. 

Approval 

The Directors’ report was approved on behalf of the Board by: 

Kim Suter 

Company Secretary 

27 June 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
41 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE 
MEMBERS OF KRM22 PLC 

Opinion on the financial statements 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  international 
accounting standards;  
the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with  United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of KRM22 Plc (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for 
the  year  ended  31  December  2022  which  comprise  the  consolidated  income  statement  and  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income for the Group, the consolidated statement of financial position for the Group, the Company 
statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the Group, the Company statement 
of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows for the Group and notes to the consolidated financial 
statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.  

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  Group  financial  statements  is 
applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards.  The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and  Financial  Reporting 
Standard 101 reduced Disclosure Framework (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law.  
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial  statements  section  of  our  report.    We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Independence 

We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.  

Conclusion relating to the going concern  

In  auditing  the  financial  statements,  we  have  concluded  that  the  Directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.  

Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt the 
going concern basis of accounting included: 

Challenge of the internal forecasting process to confirm the projections are prepared by an appropriate level of staff 
that are aware of the detailed figures included in the forecast but also have an understanding of the entity’s market, 
strategy and changes in the customer base that might impact on these projections; 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

•  Challenge  of  Director’s  assessment  of  going  concern  through  analysis  of  the  Group’s  cash  flow  forecast 
through  to  30  June  2024,  including  assessing  and  challenging  Director’s  assumptions  underlying  the 
forecasts and comparison against post year-end results to date; 

•  Checking and challenging the sensitivity analysis performed by Director’s, including the reverse stress test, to 
assess the impact on cash flow for changes in the level of estimated revenue and costs and considered the 
likelihood that those fact patterns could occur; 

•  Reviewing  the  terms  of  the  Group’s  new  financing  agreement  and  covenants  attached  to  it,  including 

assessing the likelihood of a covenant breach within the going concern assessment period; 

•  Reviewed post-balance sheet events, specifically the actual cash flow position against that budgeted; and 
•  Considering  the  adequacy  of  the  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  against  the  requirements  of  the 

accounting standards. 

Based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  have  not  identified  any  material  uncertainties  relating  to  events  or 
conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group and the Parent Company’s ability 
to  continue  as  a  going  concern  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  when  the  financial  statements  are 
authorised for issue.  

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report. 

Overview 

Coverage 

90% (2021: 96%) of Group loss before tax 

94% (2021: 87%) of Group revenue 

95% (2021: 90%) of Group total assets 

Key audit matters 

2022 

2021 

Going Concern 

Revenue Recognition 

Impairment of intangible assets 
(including Goodwill) 

- 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

Going concern was no longer considered to be a key audit matter due to the Group 
obtaining new funding providing sufficient funds available for next 12 months from 
the date of approval of the accounts by the directors. 

Materiality 

Group financial statements as a whole 

£198,000  (2021:  £193,000)  based  6.05%  of  loss  before  tax  (2021:  5.65%  of  loss 
before tax). 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the Group’s 
system of internal control, and  assessing the risks of  material misstatement in the financial statements.  We also 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
43 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was evidence of 
bias by the Directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement. 

In establishing the overall approach to the Group audit, we assessed the audit significance of each component in the 
Group by reference to both its individual financial significance to the Group or other specific nature or circumstances. 
We identified six individually significant components, including the parent company, which makes up 90% of  Group 
loss before tax and also covers 95% of the total assets of the Group.  

The significant components in all territories were audited by the Group audit team, as the Group’s finance team and 
information for all territories are based within the UK and to this extent: 

•  The Group audit team performed full scope audits for KRM22 Plc and its subsidiaries KRM22 Central Limited, 
KRM22 Americas Inc, KRM22 Development Limited, KRM22 Market Surveillance Ltd and KRM22 ProOpticus 
LLC;  

•  The  Group  audit  team  performed  specified  audit  procedures  around  administrative  expenses  for  Object  + 
Americas LLC , Object + Financial Products BV and Object + Financial Services BV due to their significance to 
the Group ; and 

•  The  remaining  components  not  subject  to  full  scope  audit  or  specific  procedures  have  been  reviewed  for 
Group  reporting  purposes, by  the  Group  auditor,  using  analytic  procedures  to  corroborate  the  conclusions 
reached that there are no significant risks of material misstatement of the aggregated financial information 
of these components.  

The Group audit team performed the audit of 94% of the Group revenue using the materiality levels set out above. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit 
strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, 
and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key audit matter  

Revenue 
Recognition 
(Note 3,4 and 
5) 

As disclosed in note 3, the Group, as a software 
business, generates revenue primarily from the 
sale of recurring software as a service licenses, 
from  software 
and  non-recurring 
implementation and set up services.   

revenue 

• 

• 

How  the  scope  of  our  audit  addressed  the  key 
audit matter 
• 

We performed the following specific testing: 

• 

• 

from 

inappropriate  or 

We considered there to be a significant audit risk 
incorrect 
arising 
• 
recognition  of  revenue  from  new  contracts 
entered during the period and the non-recurring 
revenue. 
• 

The  key  audit  matters  related  to  revenue 
recognition are as follows: 
inaccurately 

to  ensure  each  revenue  stream  had  a 
standalone value and that revenue is not 
recorded 
recognised 
prematurely.  
•  For  new  contracts  the  risk  of  material 
misstatement  is  in  relation  to  revenue 
recognition  of  new  licenses  prior  to 
delivery of the service; and 

/ 

To address the risk of new license contracts we:  

•  Verified  a  sample  of  Software-as-a-
Service (‘SaaS’) licence fees recognised 
from  new  contracts 
the  year, 
reconciling to underlying agreements;  

in 

that 

•  For the selected samples we have also 
revenue  has 
license 
checked 
commenced  when  access  has  been 
provided  to  the  customer  over  the 
period  of  the  license  by  reviewing  the 
activity on the software platform, whilst 
the  maintenance  and  support  has  also 
been  correctly  apportioned  over  the 
contract; 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
44 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

•  There 

is  also  a 

risk  of  material 
misstatement in relation to recognition 
of  non-recurring  revenue  prior  to  the 
services being delivered. 

For non-recurring revenue; 

revenue 

•  Agreed  a  sample  of  the  Group’s  non-
(mainly 
recurring 
fees) 
implementation  and  support 
received 
delivery 
order 
confirmations,  to  underlying  contracts 
and checked that services provided had 
a standalone value;  

and 

to 

Impairment 
of  intangible 
assets 
(including 
Goodwill) 
(Note  3  and 
13) 

Taking account of the Group’s accounting policy 
in  note  3,  and  as  disclosed  in  note  13,  the 
Directors  have  not  determined  any  impairment 
of intangible assets (including goodwill) exists. 

This  has  been  determined  based  on  a  value  in 
use  model,  which  includes  consideration  of 
probability  adjusted  scenarios  based  on 
different revenue and cost growth assumptions, 
to  assess  the  recoverability  of  the  intangible 
assets (including goodwill).  

There  are  significant  estimated  involved  in  the 
determination of the recoverable amount of the 
intangibles (including goodwill). 

Key observations: 

Based on the work performed we consider that 
revenue has been recognised appropriately. 

Our audit procedures included the following: 

•  We challenged management’s inputs to 
the  impairment  assessment  -  growth 
rate,  weighted  average  cost  of  capital, 
terminal value and model based on our 
knowledge of the Group’s business and 
performance to date. 

•  We considered whether the discounted 
cash  flow  model  applied  to  value  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  intangibles 
appropriately supports the asset value.   
•  We  checked  that  the  forecast  figures 
included  within  the  model  had  been 
approved  by  the  Board  and  the  base 
case  scenario  was  consistent  with 
information  obtained 
in  other  audit 
procedures  as  well  as  considering  the 
identified  by 
overall  sales  pipeline 
management. 

•  We have also recalculated the different 
by 
scenarios 
used 
downside 
management  and 
ran  our  own 
sensitives  to  evaluate  management’s 
assessment  of  the  recoverability  of 
intangibles (including goodwill). 

•  We  assessed  the  adequacy  of  the 
financial  reporting  requirements  of  the 
and 
related 
disclosures  in  the  financial  statements 
against 
the 
the 
accounting standards.  

requirements  of 

accounting 

policies 

•  We  have  assessed  and  compared  the 
current  market  capitalisation  with  the 
carrying  value  of  the  Goodwill  and 
Intangibles, 
adequate 
observed 
headroom was available.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Key observations 

that  management’s  estimates 

the  procedures  performed,  we 
Based  on 
in 
consider 
determining 
recoverable  amount  of 
intangibles  including  goodwill  are  reasonable. 
We consider the disclosure within the accounts 
is appropriate. 

the 

Our application of materiality 

We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  both  in  planning  and  performing  our  audit,  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements.  We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could 
influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements.  

In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a 
lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. Importantly, misstatements 
below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified 
misstatements,  and  the  particular  circumstances  of  their  occurrence, when  evaluating  their  effect  on  the financial 
statements as a whole.  

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  and 
performance materiality as follows: 

Group financial statements 

Parent company financial statements 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

Materiality 

£ 198,000 

£ 193,000 

£ 31,240 

£ 146,000 

Basis for 
determining 
materiality 

6.05% 
before tax 

of 

losses 

5.65% 
before tax 

of 

losses 

1.3% of total assets 

2% of total assets 

Rationale for the 
benchmark applied 

A  primary  KPI  used  by  management  to 
assess the performance of the business. 

As a holding company an asset based metric 
was considered most appropriate. 

Performance 
materiality 

Basis for 
determining 
performance 
materiality 

£ 138,000 

£ 135,000 

£ 21,868 

£ 102,000 

a  number  of  factors  including  the  expected  total  value  of  known  and  likely  misstatements 
(based on past experience and other factors) and management’s attitude towards proposed 
adjustments 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46 

Component materiality 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

For the purposes of our Group audit opinion, we set materiality for each significant component of the Group, apart 
from the Parent Company whose materiality is set out above, at 50%-75% of Group materiality, dependent on the size 
and our assessment of the risk of material misstatement of that component, at £55,000 - £148,500 for components. 
In the audit of each component, we further applied performance materiality levels of 70% of the component materiality 
to our testing to ensure that the risk of errors exceeding component materiality was appropriately mitigated. 

Reporting threshold 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all individual audit differences in excess of £9,900 
(2021: £5,790).  We also agreed to report differences below this threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on 
qualitative grounds. 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the information included in 
the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we 
do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears 
to be materially misstated.  If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves.   If, 
based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Other Companies Act 2006 reporting 

Based on the responsibilities described below and our work performed during the course of the audit, we are required 
by the Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions and matters as described below.   

Strategic report 
and Directors’ 
report  

Matters on which 
we are required to 
report by 
exception 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report for the financial year 
for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; 
and 
the  Strategic  report  and  the  Directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
applicable legal requirements. 

In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  Group  and  Parent  Company  and  its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements 
in the Strategic report or the Directors’ report. 

We  have  nothing  to  report  in  respect  of  the  following  matters  in  relation  to  which  the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns 
adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting 
records and returns; or 
• 
certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
47 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Responsibilities of Directors 

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ responsibilities, the Directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the Directors determine is  necessary to  enable the preparation of financial statements that  are free from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and  the  Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using 
the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company 
or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 

Non-compliance with laws and regulations 

Based on: 

•  Our understanding of the Group and the industry in which it operates; 
•  Discussion with management and those charged with governance including the Audit Committee; 
•  Obtaining  and  understanding  of  the  Group’s  policies  and  procedures  regarding  compliance  with  laws  and 

regulations; and 

we considered the significant laws and regulations to be the applicable accounting framework, UK tax legislation, AIM 
Listing Rules and Companies Act 2006. 

The Group is also subject to laws and regulations where the consequence of non-compliance could have a material 
effect  on  the  amount  or  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements,  for  example  through  the  imposition  of  fines  or 
litigations. We identified such laws and regulations to be the health and safety legislation etc. 

Our procedures in respect of the above included: 

•  Review of minutes of meeting of those charged with governance for any instances of non-compliance with 

laws and regulations; 

•  Review of correspondence with regulatory and tax authorities for any instances of non-compliance with laws 

and regulations; and 

•  Review of financial statement disclosures and agreeing to supporting documentation; 

Fraud 

We  assessed  the  susceptibility  of  the  financial  statements  to  material  misstatement,  including  fraud.  Our  risk 
assessment procedures included: 

•  Enquiry with management and those charged with governance also considered Audit Committee regarding 

any known or suspected instances of fraud; 

•  Obtaining an understanding of the Group’s policies and procedures relating to: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

•  Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud; and  
• 
•  Review of minutes of meeting of those charged with governance for any known or suspected instances of 

Internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud.  

fraud; 

•  Discussion  amongst  the  engagement  team  as  to  how  and  where  fraud  might  occur  in  the  financial 

statements; 

•  Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks 

of material misstatement due to fraud; and 

•  Considering remuneration incentive schemes and performance targets and the related financial statement 

areas impacted by these; 

Based on our risk assessment, we considered the areas most susceptible to fraud to be management override of 
controls and revenue recognition. 

Our procedures, in addition to those set out in the Key Audit Matter regarding Revenue, in respect of the above included: 

•  A  review  and  verification  of  specific  journal  entries  made  in  the  year,  agreeing  the  journals  to  supporting 
documentation and considering whether they are appropriate. We determined key risk characteristics, such 
as unusual pairings with a particular emphasis on revenue and cash journals; 

•  A critical review of the consolidation and, in particular, manual “top side journals” or late journals posted at 

consolidated level; 

•  A review of estimates and judgements applied by Management in the financial statements to assess their 

appropriateness and the existence of any systematic bias; and 

•  Review of unadjusted audit differences for indications of bias or deliberate misstatement. 

We  also  communicated  relevant  identified  laws  and  regulations  and  potential  fraud  risks  to  all  engagement  team 
members who were all deemed to have appropriate competence and capabilities and remained alert to any indications 
of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.  

Our  audit  procedures  were  designed  to  respond  to  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements, 
recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting 
one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or 
through collusion.   There are inherent limitations in the audit  procedures performed  and the further removed non-
compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the 
less likely we are to become aware of it. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  is  available  on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at: 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the  Companies  Act  2006.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  Parent  Company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the 
Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Matthew Haverson (Senior Statutory Auditor) 

For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor 

London, UK 

Date: 27 June 2023 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT AND 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE 
GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Other operating income 
Administrative expenses 

Operating  loss  before  interest,  taxation,  depreciation,  amortisation,  share 
based payment and exceptional items (“Adjusted EBITDA”) 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Profit on disposal of tangible/intangible assets 
Contingent consideration charge 
Unrealised foreign exchange gain/(loss) 
Acquisition, funding and debt related expenses 
Share-based payment charge 

Operating loss 
Finance charge (net) 

Loss before taxation 
Taxation credit 
Loss for the year 
Loss for the year attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent 

Other comprehensive income 
Item that may be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss: 
Exchange loss on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent 

Loss per ordinary share 
Basic losses share 
Diluted losses per share 

All amounts relate to continuing activities. 

Note 
5 

6 
7 

10 

11 

12 
12 

2022 
£’000 
4,273 
(955) 

3,318 
131 
(6,077) 

(1,684) 

(1,637) 
14 
– 
812 
– 
(133) 

(2,628) 
(641) 

(3,269) 

168 
(3,101) 

(3,101) 

(3,101) 

(563) 

(3,664) 

(3,664) 

(3,664) 

(8.7p) 
(8.7p) 

2021 
£’000 
4,128 
(676) 

3,452 
259 
(6,695) 

(687) 

(1,696) 
6 
(126) 
(112) 
(20) 
(349) 

(2,984) 
(438) 

(3,422) 

92 
(3,330) 

(3,330) 

(3,330) 

(7) 

(3,337) 

(3,337) 

(3,337) 

(12.4p) 
(12.4p) 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
POSITION FOR THE GROUP 

As at 31 December 2022 

Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right of use assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities  
Loans and borrowings 
Derivative financial liability  

Net current (liabilities)/assets 

Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities  
Loans and borrowings 
Deferred tax liability 

Total liabilities 
Net assets 
Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger reserve 
Convertible debt reserve 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained deficit 
Total equity 

Note 

13 
13 
14 
20 

16 

18 

19 
20 
21 
21 

19 

20 
21 
22 

24 

25 

2022 
£’000 

5,167 
2,244 
11 
369 

7,791 

1,462 

1,900 
3,362 
11,153 

3,853 
493 
2,974 
255 
7,575 
(4,213) 

30 

122 
– 
245 
397 
7,972 
3,181 

3,567 

20,517 
(190) 
224 
(448) 
3,045 
(23,534) 
3,181 

2021 
£’000 

4,841 
2,573 
54 
632 
8,100 

741 
5,362 
6,103 
14,203 

3,436 
483 
97 
45 
4,061 
2,042 

45 
321 
2,763 
301 
3,430 
7,491 
6,712 

3,567 
20,517 
(190) 
224 
115 
2,912 
(20,433) 
6,712 

The financial statements were approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 27 June 2023 and are signed on 
its behalf by: 

Kim Suter 
Company Secretary 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
51 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

As at 31 December 2022 

Non-current assets 
Investments 
Intercompany loans 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 

Net current (liabilities)/assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 

Total liabilities 
Net (liabilities)/assets 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Convertible debt reserve 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 

Note 

15 
16 

16 
18 

19 
21 

21 

24 

25 

2022 
£’000 

732 
77 
809 

96 
1,475 
1,571 
2,380 

170 
2,974 
3,144 
(1,573) 

– 
– 
3,144 
(764) 

3,567 
20,517 
224 
3,045 
(28,117) 
(764) 

2021 
£’000 

642 
332 
974 

64 
4,527 
4,591 
5,565 

210 
97 
307 
4,284 

2,763 
2,763 
3,070 
2,495 

3,567 
20,517 
224 
2,912 
(24,725) 
2,495 

As  permitted  by  s408  Companies  Act  2006,  the  Company  has  not  prepared  its  own  statement  of  comprehensive 
Income and related notes.  The Company’s loss for the year was £3,392,000 (2021: loss of £1,138,000). 

The financial statements were approved by the Board and authorised for issue  27 June 2023 and are signed on its 
behalf by: 

Kim Suter 

Company Secretary 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN 
EQUITY FOR THE GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

At 1 January 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
loss 
Total comprehensive 
loss 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
Shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
(190) 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 
£’000 
115 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,912 
– 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(20,433) 
(3,101) 

Total 
equity 
£’000 
6,712 
(3,101) 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

(563) 

(563) 
– 

(448) 

– 

– 
133 

– 

(563) 

(3,101) 
– 

(3,664) 
133 

3,045 

(23,534) 

3,181 

At 31 December 2022 

3,567 

20,517 

(190) 

224 

For the year ended 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2021 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
loss 
Total comprehensive 
loss 
Allotment of share 
capital 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
Shares 
£’000 
2,672 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
16,676 
– 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
(190) 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 
£’000 
108 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,563 
– 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(17,103) 
(3,330) 

Total 
equity 
£’000 
4,950 
(3,330) 

– 

– 

– 

– 

895 
– 

3,841 
– 

– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 
– 

7 

7 

– 
– 

– 

– 

– 
349 

– 

7 

(3,330) 

(3,323) 

– 
– 

4,736 
349 

6,712 

At 31 December 2021 

3,567 

20,517 

(190) 

224 

115 

2,912 

(20,433) 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
53 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

As at 1 January 2022 
Loss for the period 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,912 
– 
133 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(24,725) 
(3,392) 
– 

As at 31 December 2022 

3,567 

20,517 

224 

3,045 

(28,117) 

For the year ended 31 December 2021 

As at 1 January 2021 
Loss for the period 
Allotment of share capital 
Share-based payments 

As at 31 December 2021 

Ordinary 
shares 
£’000 
2,672 
– 
895 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
16,676 
– 
3,841 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 
– 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,563 
– 
– 
349 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(23,587) 
(1,138) 
– 
– 

3,567 

20,517 

224 

2,912 

(24,725) 

Total 
equity 
£’000 
2,495 
(3,392) 
133 

(764) 

Total 
equity 
£’000 
(1,452) 
(1,138) 
4,736 
349 

2,495 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR 
THE GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year 

Adjustments for: 
Tax credit 
Net finance expense 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and right of use assets 
Profit on disposal of intangible/tangible assets 
Contingent consideration charge 
Unrealised (gain)/loss on non-GBP denominated loans 
Equity-settled share-based payment expense 

Bad debt provision 
Income taxes received 

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash flows used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of intangible assets 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of shares 
Lease payments principal 
Lease payments interest 
Interest paid  
Net cash (used in)/from financing activities 
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year  
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

2022 
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

(3,101) 

(3,330) 

(168) 
641 
1,324 
313 
(14) 
– 
(812) 
133 

– 
97 
(1,587) 

(721) 
187 
(534) 
(2,121) 

(840) 
(8) 
(848) 

– 
(217) 
(33) 
(285) 
(535) 
(3,504) 

5,362 
42 
1,900 

3) 

(92) 
438 
1,201 
495 
(6) 
126 
112 
349 

127  
– 
(580) 

566 
(33) 
533 
(47) 

(749) 
(6) 
(755) 

4,735 
(204) 
(56) 
(285) 
4,190 
3,388 

1,974 
– 
5,362 

The notes on pages 55 to 82 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

1.  General information 

KRM22 Plc, (the “Company”), is a public company, limited by shares and is listed on the Alternative Investment Market 
(AIM).  The Company is incorporated and domiciled in the UK.  The registered office is 5 Ireland Yard, London, EC4V 
5EH. 

The  principal  activity  of  the  Company,  and  together  with  its  subsidiaries  (“KRM22”,  the  “Group”),  is  to  develop  and 
invest in leading risk tools to support enterprise, market, compliance, operational and technology risks. 

2.  Basis of Preparation and Consolidation 

Basis of preparation 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  UK  Adopted 
international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards 
the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

The financial information has been prepared on the historical cost basis except that financial instruments are stated 
at the fair value. 

The  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  Sterling,  which  is  the  functional  currency  of  the  Parent  Company  too.  
Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £’000. 

KRM22 applied all standards and interpretations issued by the IASB that were effective as of 1 January 2022.  The 
accounting policies set out below have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all years presented in 
this financial information. 

The  preparation  of  the  financial  statements,  in  conformity  with  UK  Adopted  international  accounting  standards, 
requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates.  It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the 
process of applying KRM22’s accounting policies.  The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or 
areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in note 
4. 

Adoption of new and revised standards 

There are no new standards impacting the Group that have been adopted in the annual financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2022, which have given rise to material changes in the Group's accounting policies. 

Standards, amendments and interpretations to published standards not yet effective 

There are a number of new standards and amendments to and interpretations of existing standards, which have been 
published and are not yet mandatory and which the Group has decided not to adopt early, as below: 

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current 
(not EU endorsed) 

23-Jan-20 

01-Jan-24 

None 

Effective date for 
annual periods 
beginning 
on/after 

Issue 
date 

Expected 
impact 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Basis of consolidation 

The  financial  information  represents  the  consolidated  financial  information  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
(“KRM22”, the “Group”) as if they are formed  as  a  single entity.   Intercompany transactions and balances between 
KRM22  companies  are  therefore  eliminated  in  full.    The  results  of  subsidiary  undertakings  are  included  in  the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases.  The Company controls a subsidiary if all three of the following elements are present: 

•  power over the investee; 
• 
• 

exposure to variable returns from the investee; and 
the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. 

Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements 
of control.  In assessing control, KRM22 takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. 

On 19 April 2018, KRM22 Plc, a company under common control of the KRM22 Central Limited shareholders, acquired 
KRM22 Central Limited from its shareholders in return for an issue of shares.  As a combination of entities under 
common control, the transaction falls outside the scope of the standard IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’. 

Paragraph 10 of IAS8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors requires management to use 
its judgement in developing and applying a policy that is relevant, reliable, represents faithfully the transaction, reflects 
the economic substance of the transaction, is neutral, is prudent and is complete in all material respects when selecting 
appropriate methodology for consolidation accounting. 

In  the  absence  of  IFRS  guidance,  KRM22  has  applied  merger  accounting  in  accordance  with  ‘FRS102:  Section  19 
Business Combinations and Goodwill’, as the business combination meets the requirements set out in paragraph 27, 
namely: 

• 
• 

the use of the merger accounting method is not prohibited by company law or other relevant legislation; 
the ultimate equity holders remain the same, and the rights of each equity shareholder, relative to others before 
and after the acquisition are unchanged; and 

•  no non-controlling interest in the net assets of KRM22 is altered by the transfer. 

In accordance with merger accounting, consolidated accounts have been prepared for the restructured Group as if it 
has always been in existence.  The carrying value of assets and liabilities have not been adjusted to fair value.  The 
difference between the nominal value of the shares issued and the nominal value of the shares received has been 
recorded in the merger reserve. 

3.  Accounting policies 

Going concern 

These financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  The Directors have reviewed the  Group 
and Company’s going concern position taking into account of its current business activities, budgeted performance 
and the factors likely to affect its future development, which are set out in this Annual Report, and include the Group’s 
objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives and its exposure 
to credit and liquidity risks.  

The Group and Company meets their day-to-day working capital requirements through cash generated from the capital 
it has raised on AIM, and a  loan facility (the “Kestrel Convertible Loan”) with Kestrel Partners LLP (“Kestrel”).  At 31 
December 2022 the Group had £1.9m of cash at bank and debt due to Kestrel of £3.0m (gross).  As detailed in note 
29,  on  17  June  2023,  the  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  for  a  new  £5.0m  convertible  loan  facility  (the  “TT 
Convertible Loan”) arranged by Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”), the Company’s largest shareholder, to 
replace the existing Kestrel Convertible Loan. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
57 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

The TT Convertible Loan is for up to £5.0m with an initial £4.0m drawn down on 23 June 2023, of which £3.1m was 
used to repay the outstanding Kestrel Convertible Loan debt of £3.0m plus interest of £0.1m.  The remaining £1.0m 
of the £5.0m facility can be drawn down at any point by KRM22. 

The Directors have undertaken a significant assessment of the cashflow forecasts covering a period of at least twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements.  Cashflow forecasts have been prepared based on a 
range of scenarios including, but not limited to, existing customer churn at different churn rates, no new contracted 
sales revenue, delayed sales and a combination of these different scenarios. 

Having assessed the sensitivity analysis on cashflows, the key risks to the Group remaining a going concern without 
implementing extensive cost reduction measures is existing customers paying on payment terms and within 45 days 
of invoice, customer churn of up to 10%, conversion of the sales opportunities that are currently at contract negotiation 
stage and maintaining control of the cost base.   

If the forecast is achieved, the Group will be able to operate within its existing facilities.  However, the time to close 
new customers and the value of each customer, which are deemed individually as high value and low volume in nature, 
is key.  Reasonable downside scenarios have been considered and management consider with appropriate actions 
being taken KRM22 has the ability to meet the various financial covenants. 

Given  the  Group’s  forecast,  visible  sales  pipeline  and  working  capital  needs,  the  Directors  have  considered  it  is 
appropriate to prepare financial statements on a going concern basis.  

Revenue recognition 

Revenue comprises recurring revenue, non-recurring revenue and other revenue and is stated exclusive of VAT and 
sales tax. 

All  revenue  is  only  recognised  to  the  extent  when  services  have  been  delivered  and  the  revenue  can  be  reliably 
measured, regardless of when the payment is being made.  Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration 
received or receivable. 

The following specific recognition criteria are applied to each revenue stream: 

Recurring revenue 

Recurring revenue comprises Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) license fees which give the licensee a right to 
access the software for a fixed period of time together with ongoing post-contract customer support services 
comprising  customer  support  (including  designated  contacts,  telephone  and  onsite  support),  hosting  and 
maintenance  services,  enhancements  and  minor  and  major  upgrades.    All  of  the  post-contract  customer 
support services are bundled into one service and are not readily distinguishable in terms of apportioning the 
license fee between its constituent parts. 

In  applying  the  principles  of  IFRS15  ‘Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers’  the  Directors  consider  that 
SaaS licenses provide the customer with a right to access the software over a period of time and that revenue 
generated from sales of software licenses is recognised over the term of the license. 

Where license fees are invoiced in advance, the income is deferred and released over the term of the license 
with the balance recorded within accruals and deferred income in the statement of financial position. 

Non-recurring revenue 

Non-recurring revenue comprises one-off pieces of work including implementation fees related to initial set-up 
services and ad-hoc development services which are outside the scope of post-contract customer services 
covered by the license fee. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Where implementation fees have only been partially completed at the statement of financial position date, 
revenue represents the value of service provided to date based on completed implementations as defined in 
the  contract.    Where  payments  have  been  received  from  customers  in  advance  of  services  provided,  the 
amounts  are  recorded  within  accruals  and  deferred  income  in  the  statement  of  financial  position.    The 
implementation fee is a distinct obligation and therefore recognised at a point in time. 

Deferred revenue 

At 31 December 2022, the balance of deferred revenue was £1.8m (2021: £1.7m) and this will be released to 
the income statement in full within one year of the statement of financial position date. 

Operating segments 

Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  Group’s  chief 
operating  decision  maker  (CODM).    The  CODM,  who  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing 
performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer. 

Business combinations and goodwill 

KRM22 applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations.  The consideration transferred for the 
acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities assumed by the former owners of the 
acquiree and the equity interests issued by KRM22.  The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or 
liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. 

Identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  acquired,  and  liabilities  assumed  are  measured  initially  at  their  fair  values  at  the 
acquisition date.  Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any 
non-controlling interests in the acquired entity measured  on  the  proportionate  net  asset  basis,  over  the  net  of  the 
acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  If, after reassessment, the net of 
the  acquisition-date  amounts  of  the  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  exceeds  the  sum  of  the 
consideration transferred, the excess is recognised immediately in the income statement as a bargain purchase gain. 

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  For the purposes of 
impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to the KRM22’s 
cash-generating unit that is expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets of liabilities 
of the acquiree are assigned to that unit. 

Intangible assets 

Research expenditure is expensed to the income statement in the year in which it is incurred.  Expenditure on internal 
projects is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that: 

it is technically and commercially feasible to develop the asset for future economic benefit; 

• 
•  adequate resources are available to maintain and complete the development; 
•  KRM22 is able to use the asset; 
•  use of the asset will generate future economic benefit; 
• 
• 

expenditure on the development of the asset can be measured reliably; and 
it is KRM22’s intention to complete the development and use or sell it. 

Other development expenditure is recognised in the income statement as an expense as incurred. 

Capitalised  development  expenditure  is  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  amortisation  and  less  accumulated 
impairment losses. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Amortisation is charged to the income statement on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible 
assets.  Intangibles assets are amortised from the date they are available for use.  The estimated useful lives are as 
follows: 

Acquired software 

Capitalised development costs 

Customer contracts and relationships 

Brand (including trademarks) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

straight line over 5 – 10 years 

straight line over 3 years 

straight line over 10 years 

straight line over 3–- 10 years 

The basis for choosing these useful lives is with reference to the years over which they can continue to generate value 
for KRM22. 

Amortisation charges are included within administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income statement.  
KRM22 reviews the  amortisation year and methodology when events and circumstances indicate that the useful life 
may have changed since the last reporting date. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at historical cost and subsequently measured at historical cost, 
net of depreciation and any impairment losses. 

Depreciation on other assets is calculated on a straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their 
residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows: 

Fixtures and fittings 

Office and computer equipment    

- 

- 

straight line over 4 years 

straight line over 4 years 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the 
carrying value of the asset and is recognised in the income statement. 

Right of use assets 

KRM22 recognises right of use assets for all applicable leases at the lease liability commencement date. The right of 
use asset is initially measured at cost, and consists of the amount of: 

the initial measurement of lease liability, plus; 

• 
•  any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, less; 
•  any lease incentives received; 
• 
the initial estimation of restoration costs; and 
•  any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee. 

Depreciation on right of use assets is calculated on a straight line method over the lease term. 

Non-current assets 

The  Company’s  interests  in  subsidiaries  are  initially  measured  at  cost  and  subsequently  measured  at  cost  less 
accumulated impairment losses. 

Impairment of tangible and intangibles assets 

All tangible and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount might not be recoverable.  An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the 
asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

less costs of disposal and value in use.  For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest 
levels for which there are largely independent cash inflows or Cash Generating Units (CGUs). 

Financial assets 

Financial assets are recognised in KRM22 and the Company’s statement of financial position when KRM22 and the 
Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.  Under IFRS 9 the classification of financial 
assets is based both on the business model and cash flow type under which the assets are held.  There are three 
principal classification categories for financial assets: amortised cost; fair value through other comprehensive income; 
and fair value through profit or loss.  KRM22 has not classified any of its financial assets as fair value through other 
comprehensive income. 

Amortised cost 

These assets are non-derivative financial assets held under the ‘held to collect’ business model and attracting cash 
flows that are solely payments of principal and interest.  They comprise trade and other receivables and cash and 
cash  equivalents.    They  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  and  are  subsequently  carried  at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 

Impairment provisions for trade and other receivables are calculated using an expected credit loss model.  Under this 
model, impairment provisions are recognised to reflect expected credit losses based on a combination of historic and 
forward-looking information, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount 
and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable.  For trade receivables, 
which are reported net; such provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account.  On confirmation that the trade 
receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short term highly liquid 
investments with maturities of three months or less. 

Financial liabilities 

Financial  liabilities  are  classified  as  either  financial  liabilities  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  or  other  financial 
liabilities. 

(a) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 

Financial liabilities are stated at fair value with differences taken to the consolidated income statement.  Interest on 
financial liabilities up to maturity are included as a finance expense in the consolidated income statement. 

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for 
effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. 

Gains  or  Losses,  including  any  interest  expense  on  liabilities  held  for  trading  or  a  derivative,  are  recognised  in  the 
consolidated income statement. 

(b) Trade and other payables 

Trade payables and other payables are not interest bearing and are stated at their full value on initial recognition.  For 
disclosure purposes, the fair values of trade  and other payables are estimated at the present value of future cash 
flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.  As trade payables and other payables are short 
term in nature at the reporting date, the carrying value is considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value.  

(c) Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.  They are subsequently measured 
at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest recognised on an effective rate basis. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Fair value measurement  

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Fair  value  is  measured  using  the  following  fair  value  hierarchy  that  reflects  the  significance  of  the  inputs  used  in 
making the measurements. The different levels can be defined as follows: 

• 
• 

• 

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; 
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within level that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly (i.e. prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and 
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

Taxation 

The tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

(a)  Current tax 

Any current tax payable is based on taxable profit for the year.  Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the 
income statement because it excludes certain items of income or expense that are either taxable or deductible in other 
years  and  it  further  excludes  items  that  are  never  taxable  or  deductible.    The  Company’s  liability  for  current  tax  is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date. 

Companies within the  Group may be entitled to claim special tax  allowances in relation to qualifying research and 
development expenditure, e.g. R&D tax credits.  The Group accounts for such allowances as tax credits which means 
they  are  recognised  when  it  is  probable  that  the  benefit  will  flow  to  the  Group  and  that  the  benefit can  be  reliably 
measured.  R&D tax credits reduce current tax expense and, to the extent the amounts are due in respect of them and 
not settled by the statement of financial position date, reduce current tax payable. 

(b)  Deferred tax 

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit 
and  is  accounted  for  using  the  liability  method.    Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognised  for  all  taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will 
be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.    Such  assets  and  liabilities  are  not 
recognised  if  the  temporary  difference  arises  from  goodwill  or  the  initial  recognition  (other  than  in  a  business 
combination) of assets and other liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit or loss nor the accounting 
profit or loss. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer  probable  that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be  recovered.  
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the liability is settled or the 
asset  is  realised.    Deferred  tax  is  charged  or  credited  to  the  income  statement,  except  when  it  relates  to  items 
charged or credited directly to ‘other comprehensive income’, in which case the deferred tax is dealt with in ‘other 
comprehensive income’.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Company has a legally enforceable 
right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by 
the same tax authority. 

Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when KRM22 has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is 
probable that KRM22 will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of 
KRM22’s obligation. 

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation 
at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.  Where a provision 
is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value 
of those cash flows. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third 
party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount 
of the receivable can be measured reliably. 

Employee benefits 

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and as an expense, unless those costs are 
required to be recognised as part of the cost of inventories or non-current assets.  The cost of any unused holiday 
entitlement is recognised in the year in which the employee’s services are received. 

Retirement benefits 

KRM22 operates a defined contribution plan, under which KRM22 pays contributions to independently administered 
pension plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis.  KRM22 has no further payment obligations once the 
contributions  have  been  paid.    The  contributions  are  recognised  as  an  employee  benefit  expense  in  the  income 
statement when they are due. 

Share-based payments 

The Company issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees and these payments are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions) at the date of the grant using appropriate 
pricing models.  The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed 
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest 
and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. 

At  the  date  of  each  statement  of  financial  position,  the  Company  revises  its  estimate  of  the  number  of  equity 
instruments that are expected to become exercisable.  It recognises the impact of the revision of original estimates, if 
any, in the income statement, and a corresponding adjustment is made to equity over the remaining vesting period.  
The fair value of the awards and ultimate expense are not adjusted on a change in market vesting conditions during 
the vesting period. 

The value of share-based payment is taken directly to reserves and the charge for the period is recorded in the income 
statement. 

KRM22’s scheme, which awards shares in the parent entity, includes recipients who are employees in all subsidiaries.  
In  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  transaction  is  treated  as  an  equity-settled  share-based  payment,  as 
KRM22 has received services in consideration for KRM22’s equity instruments.  An expense is recognised in the Group 
income statement for the fair value of share-based payment over the vesting period, with a credit recognised in equity. 

In  the  subsidiaries’  financial  statements,  the  awards,  in  proportion  to  the  recipients  who  are  employees  in  said 
subsidiary,  are  treated  as  an  equity-settled  share-based  payment,  as  the  subsidiaries  do  not  have  an  obligation  to 
settle the award.  An expense for the grant date fair value of the award is recognised over the vesting period, with a 
credit  recognised  in  equity.    The  credit  is  treated  as  a  capital  contribution,  as  the  parent  is  compensating  the 
subsidiaries’ employees with no cost to the subsidiaries as there is no expectation to recharge the cost. In the parent 
company’s  financial  statements,  there  is  no  share-based  payment  charge  where  the  recipients  are  employed  by  a 
subsidiary,  with  the  parent  company  recognising  an  increase  in  the  investment  in  the  subsidiaries  as  a  capital 
contribution from the parent and a credit to equity. 

Earnings per share 

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit or loss after tax attributable to equity shareholders of the parent 
company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. 

Diluted earnings per share requires that the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume 
conversion  of  all  dilutive  potential  ordinary  shares.    These  arise  from  awards  made  under  share-based  incentive 
schemes.  Instruments that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future have been considered but 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

were  not  included  in  the  calculation  of  diluted  earnings  per  share  because  they  are  anti-dilutive  for  the  periods 
presented.  This is due to the KRM22 incurring losses on continuing operations for the year. 

Leases 

Under IFRS16 ‘Leases’, KRM22 recognises a lease liability at the commencement date of the lease at an amount equal 
to the present value of the lease payments during the lease term that are not yet paid.  The present value of the lease 
payments is based on applying a discount rate which is either the interest rate implicit in the lease or the incremental 
borrowing rate.  The interest rate is treated as an interest expense and charged to the income statement. 

KRM22 also recognises a right of use asset at the lease liability commencement date and is measured at cost as 
detailed in the Right of use assets accounting policy.  The right of use asset is depreciated over the term of the lease. 

Where  a  lease  has  less  than  twelve  months  until  the  lease  expiry  date  from  the  date  of  commencement,  KRM22 
continues to classify these as operating leases and are charged as an expense to the income statement on a straight 
line basis. 

Where KRM22 sublets office space for periods of less than twelve months from the date of commencement of the 
sublease or where the terms of the sublease differ significantly to the terms of the headlease, these subleases are 
classified as operating leases.  Operating lease income, net of agency management charges, is accounted for as other 
operating income and credited to the income statement on a straight line basis over the term of the sublease.  

Foreign currency 

Foreign currency transactions are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of transactions.  Monetary 
assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  rates  of  exchange  at  the  statement  of 
financial position date.  Any gain or loss arising from a change in the exchange rates of exchange subsequent to the 
date of the transaction is included as a gain or loss in the income statement. 

The statement of financial position of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into Sterling at the exchange rate at the 
year end.  The results of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Sterling at the average rate of exchange during the 
financial year.  Exchange differences which arise from the translation of opening net assets of the foreign subsidiary 
undertakings are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and transferred to the KRM22’s 
translation reserve. 

Descriptions of nature of each component of equity 

The components of KRM22’s equity can be described as follows: 

•  Share capital – The amount for the nominal value of shares issued. 
•  Share premium – The amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value after deducting certain 

costs of issue. 

•  Merger reserve – See note 2. 
•  Convertible debt reserve – This relates to the residual amount of any liability component from the fair value 

of debt instruments as a whole where the debt instrument includes a liability and embedded equity feature. 

•  Foreign  exchange  reserve  –  This  reserve  relates  to  exchange  differences  arising  on  the  translation  of  the 
statement of financial position of the KRM22’s foreign operations at the closing rate and the translation of the 
income statement of those operations at the average rate. 

•  Share-based payment (SBP) reserve – This relates to the fair value of share options and warrants determined 

at the grant date of the equity- settled share-based payments. 

•  Retained  deficit  –  The  net  gains  and  losses  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive 

income. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64 

Government grants  

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Government  grants  received  by  KRM22  are  initially  recognised  as  deferred  income  on  the  statement  of  financial 
position and credited to the income statement when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with 
the conditions attached to the grant and that the grant will be received.  Government grants are recognised in the 
income statement as ‘Other operating income’ on a systematic basis over the periods in which KRM22 recognises the 
related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. 

4.  Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

IAS 1 requires disclosure of the judgements, apart from those involving estimations, that management has made in 
the  process  of  applying  the  entity’s  accounting  policies  that  have  the  most  significant  effect  on  the  amounts 
recognised in the financial statements. 

In  the  application  of  KRM22  and  Company’s  accounting  policies,  the  Directors  are  required  to  make  certain 
judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  about  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not  readily 
apparent from other sources.   The estimates and associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical  experience  and 
other factors that are considered to be relevant.  Actual results may differ from these estimates.  The Directors believe 
that there are four areas within the financial statements which constitute critical accounting judgements as follows: 

I. 

Revenue 

The  allocation  and  timing  of  the  recognition  of  revenue  requires  management  judgement.    Contracts  can 
include both the sale of licences and the provision of services including integration and development.   

The point at which the significant risks and rewards of ownership transfer is dependent on the contractual 
terms and on this basis an analysis is made of each separable component of revenue.  In respect of a licence, 
this would usually be across the license term as the license is deemed to provide  a ‘right of access’ to the 
customer.    In  respect  of  provision  of  services  and  integration  and  development  this  would  usually  be  the 
period of time in which the integration and development services were completed. 

II. 

Capitalisation of development costs 

Development costs are capitalised based on an assessment on whether they meet the criteria specified in IAS 
38 for capitalisation.  During each reporting period, an assessment is performed by management to determine 
time spent developing the intangible assets as a proportion of total time spent in the year.  This represents an 
area of judgement and impacts the value of intangible costs capitalised. 

III. 

Leases 

The recognition of leases in line with IFRS 16 requires significant judgement around the interest rate used to 
calculate the discount rate of the present value of future cash flows. 

IV. 

Business combinations 

The  valuation  of  contingent  consideration  based  on  the  future  performance  of  acquired  businesses  relies 
upon significant judgments made by management. 

In addition, IAS 1 requires disclosure of information about the assumptions the entity makes about the future, 
and other major sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant 
risk  of  resulting  in  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  within  the  next 
financial year.  In respect of those assets and liabilities, the notes to the financial statements include details 
of their nature and carrying amount at the end of the reporting period. 

In addition, judgments are made around the fair value of certain acquired assets to disclose their fair value, 
based on areas such as expected credit risk of assumptions around performance. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

V. 

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets 

The Group has carried out an impairment review of its cash generating unit (“CGU”).  The recoverable amount 
of  the  CGU  is  based  on  estimates  of  future  cash  flows  discounted  using  an  appropriate  discount  rate.  
Estimates of future cash flows are inherently uncertain and, to take account of this uncertainty, management 
have used the “expected cash flow approach” which involves probability weighting several alternate scenarios. 

It is possible that changes in economic conditions or deviations in actual performance from forecast could 
result  in  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  CGU  within  the  next  financial  year.    The  key 
estimates made by management are set out in note 13.  The information in note 13 given on each scenario 
also provides an indication of the amount of any further impairment for other reasonably possible outcomes. 

5.  Segmental reporting 

The Board of Directors, as the chief operating decision maker in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments, has 
determined that KRM22 have identified two areas of risk management as operating segments, together with a third 
segment where the two areas of risk management are not easily  separable, however for reporting purposes into a 
single  global  business  unit  and  operates  as  a  single  operating  segment,  as  the  nature  of  services  delivered  are 
common. 

The internal management accounting information has been prepared in accordance with IFRS but has a non-GAAP 
‘Adjusted  EBITDA’  as  a  profit  measure  for  the  overall  group.    This  amount  is  reported  on  the  face  of  the  income 
statement. 

KRM22’s revenue from external customers and information about its non-current assets, excluding deferred tax, by 
geography is detailed below: 

UK 
Europe 
USA 
Rest of world 
Total 

2022 
Revenue 
£’000 
1,712 
716 
1,520 
325 
4,273 

2022 
Non-current 
assets 
£’000 
2,694 
1,955 
3,141 
1 
7,791 

2021 
Revenue 
£’000 
1,234 
895 
1,697 
302 
4,128 

2021 
Non-current 
assets 
£’000 
3,224 
1,918 
2,958 
– 
8,100 

The Directors consider that the business has two areas of risk management: Trading Risk and Corporate Risk as is 
described in the Strategic Report.  Within these segments, there are two revenue streams with different characteristics, 
which are generated from the same assets and cost base. 

One customer generated more than 10% of total revenue during the year ended 31 December 2022.  The total revenue 
received from this customer was £0.5m (2021: £0.4m) and is included within the UK segment.  No customer generated 
more than 10% of total revenue in the year ended 31 December 2021.   

Non-current assets include goodwill and intangible assets recognised on consolidation and are classified by reference 
to the geographical location of the KRM22 group company which initially acquired the acquiree. 

Recurring revenue is recognised over the period of time and non-recurring revenue is recognised at a point in time.   

Recurring revenue 
Non-recurring revenue 
Total revenue 

2022 
£’000 
3,945 
328 
4,273 

2021 
£’000 
3,955 
173 
4,128 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Trading Risk 
Corporate Risk 
Multiple Risk 
Total 

6.  Other operating income 

Grant income relate to COVID 19 (refer to note below) 
Operating lease income (net) 
Total revenue 

2022 
£’000 
1,867 
2,258 
148 
4,273 

2022 
£’000 
– 
131 
131 

2021 
£’000 
1,881 
2,247 
– 
4,128 

2021 
£’000 
188 
71 
259 

I. 

II. 

Grant income related to COVID 19 
During the year ended 31 December 2021, KRM22 received a £0.2m (US$0.3m) Payback Protection Program 
(“PPP”) loan, a US government backed loan, under the US Department of Treasury CARES Act.  The proceeds 
of the loan were used to cover specific US based payroll costs as specified under the rules of the scheme.  As 
KRM22 was able to demonstrate that the PPP loan proceeds had been used for eligible expenses, the total 
value of the loan was forgiven by the Small Business Administration and at that point, the value of the loan 
was released to the income statement as an income-related grant.  There was no grant income related to 
COVID-19 received in the year ended 31 December 2022. 

Operating lease income (net) 
In April 2021, KRM22 entered into an agreement to sublet some of its office space on a two-year lease.  The 
terms of the sublease differ to the terms of the headlease, which KRM22 recognises as a finance lease, and 
therefore  the  sublease  is  treated  as  an  operational  lease  with  net  income  generated  in  the  year  of  £0.1m 
(2021: £0.1m).  

7.  Operating loss 

Operating loss for the year has been arrived at after charging/(crediting) the following: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation of right of use assets 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Acquisition, funding and debt expenses (refer to note below) 
Contingent consideration charge (refer to note below) 
Operating lease costs 
Foreign currency exchange (gains)/losses 

2022 
£’000 
48 
265 
1,324 
– 
– 
28 
(843) 

2021 
£’000 
86 
409 
1,201 
20 
126 
23 
110 

I. 

Contingent consideration charge 
In  the  year  ended  31  December  2021,  a  contingent  consideration  charge  of  £0.1m  was  recognised  in 
connection with deferred consideration associated with the acquisition of Object+.  The Directors believe that 
the third and final performance milestone was achieved and that the related deferred contingent consideration 
of  £0.9m  (US$1.1m)  is  now  payable.    Accordingly,  the  fair  value  of the  third  tranche  of  consideration  was 
adjusted to reflect the amount payable.  There was no contingent consideration charge recognised in the year 
ended 31 December 2022. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67 

8.  Auditor’s remuneration 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

For audit services 
      Audit of the financial statements of the Company 
      Audit of the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries 

For other services 
      Tax services of the Company 
      Tax services for the Company’s subsidiaries 

9.  Employee information 

I. 

Employee numbers 

2022 
£’000 

106 
– 
106 

3 
32 
35 

2021 
£’000 

85 
8 
93 

12 
4 
16 

The average monthly number of people, including Executive Directors, employed by KRM22 during the year was 
as follows: 

UK 
Europe 
USA 
Rest of world 
Total 

II. 

Employee benefits 

The aggregate payroll cost of these persons were as follows: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension costs to defined contribution schemes 
Share-based payments 
Total 

III. 

Directors’ remuneration 

2022 
No. 
23 
9 
11 
2 
45 

2022 
£’000 
3,597 
252 
145 
133 
4,127 

2021 
No. 
25 
11 
11 
2 
49 

2021 
£’000 
2,855 
188 
126 
349 
3,518 

The remuneration of the Directors, who also represent the key management personnel of KRM22, during the 
year was as follows: 

Remuneration for qualifying services 
Pension contributions to defined contribution schemes 
Share-based payments 
Total 

2022 
£’000 
567 
9 
54 
630 

2021 
£’000 
354 
6 
201 
561 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
68 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Full details of Directors’ remuneration is presented in the Remuneration Committee report on page 33.  Remuneration 
disclosed above includes the following amounts paid to the highest paid director: 

Remuneration for qualifying services 
Total 

2022 
£’000 
244 
244 

2021 
£’000 
128 
128 

The number of Directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 
1 (2021: 1). 

10.  Finance expense 

Interest income 
Interest expense on financial liabilities 
Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Net finance expense 

11.  Taxation 

Current tax 
UK Corporation tax at 19% on loss for the year (2021:19%) 
Income tax on foreign subsidiaries 
Research and Development tax credits 
Total current tax 

Deferred tax 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Intangible assets recognised on acquisition 
Total deferred tax (note 22) 
Total tax credit 

2022 
£’000 
(2) 
610 
33 
641 

2022 
£’000 

– 
8 
(97) 
(89) 

– 
(79) 
(79) 
(168) 

2021 
£’000 
(2) 
384 
56 
438 

2021 
£’000 

– 
– 
– 
– 

(9) 
(83) 
(92) 
(92) 

The tax expense differs from the standard rate of corporate tax in the UK for the year of 19% for the following reasons: 

Losses before tax 
Loss before tax based on corporation tax 19% (2021: 19%) 
Accelerated capital allowances 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Intangible assets recognised on acquisition 
Income tax on foreign subsidiaries 
Losses carried forward 
Total tax credit 

For information on the Group’s total available tax losses, see note 22.  

2022 
£’000 
(3,269) 
(621) 
– 
21 
(79) 
8 
503 
(168) 

2021 
£’000 
(3,422) 
(650) 
(9) 
27 
(83) 
– 
623 
(92) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69 

12.  Loss per share 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to the equity holders of KRM22 by the weighted 
average number of shares in issue during the year. 

KRM22  has  dilutive  ordinary  shares,  this  being  warrants,  restricted  stock  awards  and  share  options  granted  to 
employees.  As KRM22 has incurred a loss in the year, the diluted loss per share is the same as the basic earnings per 
share as the loss has an anti-dilutive effect. 

Loss for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue 
Diluted weighted average number of shares in issue 

13.  Intangible assets 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 
Accumulated amortisation 
At 1 January 2022 
Amortisation for the year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 

2022 
£’000 
(3,101) 
35,666,336 
46,671,529 
(8.7p) 

2021 
£’000 
(3,330) 
26,765,037 
35,502,896 
(12.4p) 

Goodwill on 
Consolidation 
£’000 

Acquired 
software and 
related assets 
£’000 

Capitalised 
development 
costs 
£’000 

7,537 
– 
– 
516 
8,053 

2,696 
– 
– 
190 
2,886 

2,826 
– 
– 
118 
2,944 

1,525 
453 
– 
(2) 
1,976 

5,002 
840 
(2,353) 
75 
3,564 

3,730 
871 
(2,353) 
40 
2,288 

Total 
£’000 

15,365 
840 
(2,353) 
709 
14,561 

7,951 
1,324 
(2,353) 
228 
7,150 

At 31 December 2021 

4,841 

1,301 

1,272 

7,414 

At 31 December 2022 

5,167 

968 

1,276 

7,411 

Goodwill that arose in prior periods is not amortised.  Impairment testing is carried out at Cash Generating Units (CGU) 
level on an annual basis. 

The Company has estimated the recoverable amount at £12.8m using a value-in-use model by projecting cashflows 
for the next five years together with a terminal value using a growth rate.  The five-year projections used in the model 
are  based  on  the  FY23  budget  approved  by  the  Directors.    Given  the  uncertainty  involved  in  predicting  long-term 
projections, management developed expectations of future performance under a range of scenarios with different 
levels  of  future  revenue  growth,  which  includes  significant  growth  from  the  strategic  partnership  with  Trading 
Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”).  The value in use was estimated by probability weighting the value in use under 
each scenario as summarised below. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
70 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Scenario 
Upside 
Base case 
Downside 
Severe downside 

Probability weighted average 

Annual 
Revenue growth 
FY23 to FY27 
% 
40% 
34% 
20% 
10% 

Annual 
cost growth 
FY23 to FY27 
% 
6% 
5% 
3% 
2% 

Value in use 
£’000 
21,047 
13,988 
1,472 
(5,868) 

30,639 

Headroom/ 
(Impairment) 
£’000 
13,636 
6,577 
(5,939) 
(13,279) 

Probability 
% 
15% 
70% 
10% 
5% 

995 

100% 

The single most likely scenario assumed revenue growth of 34% per annum over the period (2021: 25%).  The other 
key assumptions used were: 

•  The  discount  rate  (WACC)  of  20%  (2021:  13%).    An  increase  of  1%  in  WACC  rate  would  result  in  a  £3.6m 

• 

decrease in the headroom. 
Long-term growth rate of 1.5% (2021: 1.5%).  An increase of 1%, in the long-term growth rate would result in a 
£2.3m increase in the headroom. 

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 
Accumulated depreciations 
At 1 January 2022 
Depreciation charge for the year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 

Net book value at 31 December 2021 

Net book value at 31 December 2022 

15.  Investment in subsidiaries 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
At 31 December 2022 
Carrying amount 
At 1 January 2022 
At 31 December 2022 

Fixtures and 
Fittings 
£’000 

Office 
equipment 
£’000 

239 
– 
(90) 
15 
164 

210 
30 
(89) 
13 
164 

29 

– 

124 
8 
(30) 
1 
103 

99 
18 
(27) 
2 
92 

25 

11 

£’000 

2022 
£’000 

642 
90 
732 

642 
732 

Total 
£’000 

363 
8 
(120) 
16 
267 

309 
48 
(116) 
15 
256 

54 

11 

2021 
£’000 
) 
£’000 
489 
153 
642 

489 
642 

The additions in 2022 represents share capital contributions made to the Company’s subsidiaries in respect of the 
share  option  expense  recognised  on  share  options  issued  by  the  Company  to  employees  of  the  appropriate 
subsidiaries.  The capital contribution transaction is a non-cash transaction. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2022 are as follows: 

Name of undertaking 

Registered office 

KRM22 Central Limited *  

KRM22 Development Limited 

KRM22 Development Spain SL** 

KRM22 Singapore Pte Limited ** 

KRM22 Americas Inc. 

KRM22 ProOpticus LLC 

5 Ireland Yard 
London, EC4V 5EH 
England 

5 Ireland Yard 
London, EC4V 5EH 
England 

Travessera de Gràcia, 11 
5th floor 
08021, Barcelona 
Spain 

10 Anson Road, #23-02 
International Plaza 
079903 
Singapore 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

KRM22 Netherlands B.V. 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

KRM22 Market Surveillance 
Limited 

5 Ireland Yard 
London, EC4V 5EH 
England 

Object+ Holding B.V. 

Object+ B.V. 

Object+ Financial Services B.V. 

Object+ Financial Products B.V. 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Ownership interest and 
voting rights 

Nature of business 

100% 

Administrative and sales 
company 

100% 

Development services 

100% 

Development services 

100% 

Sales company 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

Administrative and sales 
company 

Administrative and sales 
company 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

Administrative and sales 
company 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

100% 

Administrative company 

100% 

Sales company 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Name of undertaking 

Registered office 

Object+ Americas LLC 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

*  Shares held directly by KRM22 Plc 
**  In liquidation 

Ownership interest and 
voting rights 

Nature of business 

100% 

Sales company 

The following subsidiaries have been granted exemption from audit of their individual accounts under section 479A 
of the Companies Act 2006 following a guarantee given by the parent entity, KRM22 Plc: 

•  KRM22 Development Limited (Company number: 11082447) 
•  KRM22 Market Surveillance Limited (Company number: 10754403) 

16.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables disclosed below are classified as loans and receivables and are therefore measured at amortised 
cost. 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
     Trade receivables 
     Other receivables 
     Prepayments and accrued income 
Total trade and other receivables due within one year 
Amounts falling due after more than one year: 
     Amounts due from group undertakings 
Total trade and other receivables due in more than one year 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

939 
276 
247 
1,462 

– 
– 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

2021 
Group 
£’000 

2021 
Company 
£’000 

2 
9 
85 
96 

77 
77 

328 
217 
196 
741 

– 
– 

– 
6 
58 
64 

332 
332 

The carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates fair value. 

At 31 December 2022, the Group had trade receivables falling due within one year of £0.9m including provisions of 
£nil  (2021:  £0.4m  including  provisions  of  £0.1m),  other  receivables  falling  due  within  one  year  of  £0.3m  including 
provisions of £nil (2021: £0.2m including provisions of £nil).  At 31 December 2022, the Company had amounts due 
from group undertakings falling due after more than one year of £0.1m including provisions of £0.3m (2021: £0.3m 
with provisions of £1.8m). 

KRM22 has elected to apply the simplified approach available under IFRS 9:5.5.15 for its trade receivables. KRM22’s 
trade receivables result from transactions in the scope of IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’.  Under 
this  simplified  approach,  a  lifetime  expected  loss  allowance  is  always  recognised  (both  at  initial  recognition  and 
throughout the life of the trade receivable). 

KRM22’s trade receivables have a short duration of less than twelve months, and do not have a contractual interest 
rate.  Therefore an EIR of zero has been applied to cash flows.  KRM22 has used a provision matrix to determine the 
lifetime ECL of the portfolio.  It is based on KRM22’s historical, observed default rates, and is adjusted by a forward 
looking estimate of future economic conditions. 

KRM22  group  revenue  was  derived  from  organic  customer  growth  and  acquired  customer  growth  through  the 
previous acquisitions: KRM22 Market Surveillance, KRM22 ProOpticus and the Object+ Group.  Based on historical 
observed default rates of the acquired companies, the estimated impairment loss is immaterial.  Furthermore, since 
acquisition the Group has managed customer credit risk in line with Group policy and outstanding receivables are 
actively  monitored  and  discussed  by  management.    There  are  no  doubts  as  to  the  future  recoverability  of  these 
balances.  Therefore, any impairment would be immaterial. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
73 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Amounts due from group undertakings have been classified as falling due after  more than one year  based  on the 
agreed terms of repayment by subsidiaries in future periods.  The Company provides regular funding to KRM22 Central 
Limited at an appropriate interest rate of 8.14%.  The Directors consider the terms of the transaction to be at arm’s 
length. 

There are significant doubts as to the future recoverability of these intercompany balances, and as such, a provision 
for bad and doubtful debts of £0.3m (2021: £1.8m) has been raised against the amounts due from group undertakings 
in the Company statement of financial position and recorded as a charge in the Company income statement. 

17.  Trade receivables – credit risk 

Aging of due and past due but not impaired receivables 
0 – 30 days 
31 – 60 days 
61 – 90 days 
Total trade and other receivables due in less than one year 

18.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at banks and on hand 

19.  Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
     Trade payables 
     Accruals and deferred income 
     Social security and other taxation 
     Other payables 
Total due within one year 
Amounts falling due after more than one year: 
     Provision for dilapidations  
Total due in more than one year 

2022 
£’000 
897 
30 
12 
939 

2021 
£’000 
306 
3 
19 
328 

2022 
Group 
£’000 
1,900 
1,900 

2022 
Company 
£’000 
1,475 
1,475 

2021 
Group 
£’000 
5,362 
5,362 

2021 
Company 
£’000 
4,527 
4,527 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

2021 
Group 
£’000 

2021 
Company 
£’000 

393 
2,137 
325 
998 
3,853 

30 
30 

32 
138 
– 
– 
170 

– 
– 

479 
1,959 
121 
877 
3,436 

45 
45 

67 
143 
– 
– 
210 

– 
– 

The fair value of trade and other payables are the same as the carrying values. 

Provisions  for  dilapidation  for  expected  future  expenditure  in  accordance  with  lease  obligations  are  based  on  the 
Group’s best estimate of the likely committed cash outflow.  These costs are expected to be incurred at the end of the 
lease and therefore have been classified as non-current. 

Other payables at 31 December 2022 of £1.0m (2021: £0.9m) relate to contingent consideration associated with the 
acquisition  of  Object+.    The  contingent  consideration  is  payable  subject  to  earnout  conditions  and  performance 
milestones and the Directors believe that the third and final performance milestone was achieved.  The liability can be 
satisfied in either cash or Company ordinary shares at the Company’s discretion. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

20.  Leases – right of use assets and lease liabilities 

Right of use assets  

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 
Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2022 
Depreciation charge for year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 

Net book value at 31 December 2021 

Net book value at 31 December 2022 

Lease liabilities 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Interest expense 
Lease payments 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2022 

The maturity of the lease liabilities is as follows: 

Amounts payable under leases 
     Within one year 
     In two to five years 

KRM22’s leases relate to various office leases held by subsidiary undertakings. 

21.  Loans and borrowings 

Current 
Secured loans 

Non-Current 
Secured loans 

The fair value of loans and borrowings are the same as the carrying values. 

Total 
£’000 

1,708 
(689) 
73 
1,092 

1,076 
265 
(689) 
71 
723 

632 

369 

Total 
£’000 

804 
33 
(250) 
28 
615 

2021 
£’000 

483 
321 
804 

2021 
£’000 

97 
97 

2,763 
2,763 
2,860 

2022 
£’000 

493 
122 
615 

2022 
£’000 

2,974 
2,974 

– 
– 
2,974 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
75 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

On 15 September 2020, the Company entered into an agreement for a new three year £3.0m convertible loan facility 
(the  “Kestrel  Convertible  Loan”)  with  Kestrel  Partners  LLP  (“Kestrel”).    The  interest  rate  payable  on  the  Kestrel 
Convertible Loan is 9.5% per annum and is paid quarterly in arrears.  Kestrel can convert the Kestrel Convertible Loan 
into new ordinary shares in the Company at any time at a conversion price of 38p.  The Company has the right to 
request  conversion  at  any  time  after  eighteen  months  following  the  date  of  the  agreement,  subject  to  certain 
conditions regarding the Company's share price at that time.  Kestrel has the right to prevent any conversion which 
would  trigger  a  Rule  9  event  under  the Takeover  Code.    The  Kestrel  Convertible Loan  is  secured  on  certain Group 
assets  and  includes  covenants  based  on  Group  financial  performance,  based  on  Annualised  Recurring  Revenue 
(“ARR”) and solvency. 

The Kestrel Convertible Loan contains a host liability and embedded (fixed-for-fixed) equity conversion feature on the 
basis  that  there  is  a  contractual  cash  obligation  to  pay  quarterly  interest  and  a  requirement  to  repay  the  principal 
amount at the end of three-year Kestrel Convertible Loan term, subject to the conversion option not being exercised 
by either Kestrel or KRM22.  The Kestrel Convertible Loan is classified as being a compound financial instrument and 
on this basis IAS 32 requires that the Kestrel Convertible Loan is split into equity and liability components.  The fair 
value of the liability component, included in current and non-current borrowings, at initial recognition was calculated 
using a market interest rate that would apply to a stand-alone loan without a conversion feature (12.65%).  The equity 
component is assigned as the residual amount of £0.2m (see SOCE on page 52), by deducting the amount calculated 
for the liability component from the fair value of the instrument as a whole.  As the Kestrel Convertible Loan is not 
quoted on an active market, the transaction price of £3.0m for the instrument is its fair value.  The carrying amount of 
the liability component of the Kestrel Convertible Loan is adjusted for total transaction costs incurred of £0.1m. 

As detailed in note 29, on 17 June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement for a new £5.0m convertible loan 
facility (the “TT Convertible Loan”) arranged by Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”), the Company’s largest 
shareholder, with an initial £4.0m drawn down on 23 June 2023, of which £3.1m was used to repay the outstanding 
Kestrel Convertible Loan debt of £3.0m plus interest of £0.1m.  

22.  Deferred tax 

Deferred tax liability at 1 January 2021 
Income statement (credit) 
Foreign exchange movements 
Deferred tax liability at 31 December 2021 
Income statement (credit)  
Foreign exchange movements 
Deferred tax liability at 31 December 2022 

Intangible assets recognised 
on acquisition 
£’000 
396 
(83) 
(12) 
301 
(79) 
23 
245 

Accelerated capital 
allowances 
£’000 
9 
(9) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

Total 
£’000 
405 
(92) 
(12) 
301 
(79) 
23 
245 

KRM22 has tax losses of £19.8m (2021: £16.4m) that are available for offset against future taxable profits of those 
subsidiary companies in which the tax losses arose.  Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of these 
losses as they may not be used to offset taxable profits elsewhere in the Group and they have arisen in subsidiaries 
whose future taxable profits are uncertain.  The estimated value of the deferred tax asset not recognised is £5.0m 
(2021: £3.9m). 

In addition to the above operating tax losses, a potential deferred tax asset could relate to pre-acquisition tax losses 
of  KRM22  ProOpticus.    The  availability  and  future  utilisation  of  these  losses  remains  under  consideration,  taking 
account of both its legacy ownership structure and Section 382 of the US Internal Revenue Code, whereby the ability 
to utilise net operating losses arising prior to a change of ownership is limited to a percentage of the entity value of 
the entity at the date of change of ownership.  These potential operating tax losses (and related potential deferred tax 
asset) have not been included in the available operating tax losses (and related deferred tax asset) owing to current 
uncertainties on their actual usability. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

A deferred tax liability of £0.2m (2021: £0.3m) has been recognised in relation to intangible assets of £2.9m (2021: 
£2.9m) that arose on the acquisition of KRM22 Market Surveillance, KRM22 ProOpticus and the Object+ group in prior 
periods. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in that jurisdiction in the 
year  when  the  asset  is  realised  or  the  liability  settled,  based  on  tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively 
enacted  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date  and  therefore  these  have  been  measured  at  25%  UK  and  an 
effective rate of 23% on our overseas jurisdictions. 

23.  Operating leases 

KRM22 operates from various leased properties around the world and the terms of property leases vary by location.  
Any property leases that have less than twelve months at the date of inception until termination date are deemed to 
be short–term leases and recognised as operating leases. 

KRM22 has total minimum future lease commitments under non–cancellable operating leases as set out below: 

Due within one year 

24.  Share capital 

Issued and fully paid 10p Ordinary shares 
At 1 January 
Issued for cash during the year 
At 31 December 

25.  Share–based payments 

Warrants 

2022 
£’000 
– 
– 

2022 
No. 

2022 
£’000 

2021 
No. 

35,666,336 
– 
35,666,336 

3,567 
– 
3,567 

26,719,127 
8,947,209 
35,666,336 

2021 
£’000 
2 
2 

2021 
£’000 

2,672 
895 
3,567 

On 24 April 2018, the Company passed a resolution for a total of 6,000,000 warrants to be granted to certain directors 
and members of staff conditional on the Company’s admission to the AIM.  The warrants are exercisable in full in 
three equal tranches, in the event that the Company’s share price equals or exceeds three separate hurdles at the 
relevant testing or vesting date.  The earliest testing date for tranche one  was two years following admission to the 
AIM, i.e. 30 April 2020, with the earliest testing date for tranche two and three being one year later, i.e. 30 April 2021. 

If these conditions are met the warrants are exercisable at a 100 pence per share.  The vesting period is three years 
and the warrants can be exercised if, at a testing date, the specific performance conditions are met, or the Directors, 
in  their  absolute  discretion,  determine  that  a  warrant  may  be  exercised  at  any  other  time  and  in  any  other 
circumstances.  If the warrants remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of the grant the warrants 
expire. 

Employee share option plan 

The  KRM22  Employee  Share  Option  Plan  (“ESOP”),  a  UK  tax  authority  approved  Enterprise  Management  Incentive 
(“EMI”), was set up on 24 April 2018.  During the year the Company granted a total of 425,557 options to employees 
of KRM22 and this included 300,000 options (the “LTIP Options”) granted to employees as part of long-term incentive 
plans  and  125,557  options  (the  “Salary  Sacrifice  Options”)  granted  to  employees  who  waived  a  proportion  of  their 
salary in 2021 to help the Company’s cashflow. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

The LTIP Options vest over a three-year period and are exercisable on the third anniversary of the grant date provided 
that the share price has increased by 5% compounded during the period and provided the employee remains employed 
by KRM22. 

The Salary Sacrifice Options granted to Executive Directors and employees vest over a one-month period from the 
date of grant and the Salary Sacrifice Options granted to Non-Executive Directors vest over a three-month period from 
the date of grant.  All Salary Sacrifice Options lapse on termination of employment with the Company and are not 
subject to any share price performance conditions. 

The Salary Deferral Bonus Options granted in 2020 vest over a three-year period in thirty-six equal monthly instalments, 
are not subject to any share price performance conditions and do not lapse if an employee ceases to be employed by 
KRM22. 

The  Salary  Deferral  Options  granted  in  2019  vested  over  a  one-year  period,  are  not  subject  to  any  share  price 
performance conditions and lapse on termination of employment with the Company. 

All options unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant expire.  KRM22 has no legal or constructive 
obligation to repurchase or settle the options for cash. 

Options are exercisable at a range of between 30.0 pence per share and 109.5 pence per share.  The weighted average 
remaining contractual life of the share options outstanding at 31 December 2022 is 1 year and 2 months (2021: 1 year 
and 2 months). 

Outstanding at 1 January 
Granted during the year  
Forfeited during the year  
Exercised during the year 
Outstanding at 31 December 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
£ 

2022 
Number 
0.80  10,146,447 
425,557 
0.58 
(16,000) 
0.51 
– 
– 
0.79  10,556,004 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
£ 
0.72 
0.46 
0.64 
0.30 
0.80 

2021 
Number 
9,703,716 
617,719 
(144,363) 
(30,625) 
10,146,447 

The fair value of options subject to non–market based vesting conditions are measured using a Black Scholes model 
and those options with market based conditions are measured using a Monte Carlo pricing model. 

The fair value of the outstanding options without performance conditions was measured using the Black Scholes 
options valuation model.  The inputs to that model in respect of the share options outstanding under each issue 
were as follows: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Sep 
2018 
£1.0950 
£1.000 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Dec 
2019 
£0.525 
£0.525 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Jan 
2021 
£0.365 
£0.365 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 

Jun 
2019 
£0.770 
£0.850 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Jul 
2020 
£0.280 
£0.300 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
May 
2021 
£0.475 
£0.500 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 

Jun 
2019 
£0.770 
£0.850 
1 year 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Sep 
2020 
£0.380 
£0.380 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Feb 
2022 
£0.450 
£0.450 
3 years 
30% 
– 
1.07% 

Nov 
2019 
£0.535 
£0.850 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Oct 
2020 
£0.380 
£0.380 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
Dec 
2022 
£0.480 
£0.630 
3 years 
30% 
– 
3.30% 

The  fair  value  of  the  outstanding  warrants  with  performance  conditions  was  measured  using  the  Monte  Carlo 
simulation model and the inputs to that model in respect of the share options outstanding under each issue were as 
follows: 

Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Restricted Stock Units 

2018 

£1.3198 
£1.00 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.8287% 

On 18 September 2020, the Company awarded 253,162 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to an Executive Director which 
vest over three years with an exercise price of 38.0 pence per share and are not subject to any share price performance 
conditions and do not lapse if the Executive Director ceases to be employed by KRM22.  On 27 April 2023, the vesting 
period for the RSUs was extended from three to five years from the date of award. 

The total expense recognised for the year ending 31 December 2022 arising from equity-settled share-based payment 
transactions  amounted  to  £0.1m  (2021:  £0.3m)  and  the  share-based  payment  reserve  as  at  31  December  2022 
amounted to £3.0m (2021: £2.9m). 

26.  Capital commitments 

At 31 December 2022 KRM22 had no material capital commitments (2021: £nil). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

27.  Financial instruments and financial risk management 

KRM22’s principal financial liabilities comprise trade  and other payables and borrowings.  The primary  purpose of 
these financial liabilities is to finance the operations.  KRM22 has trade and other receivables and cash that derive 
directly from its operations. 

The Company has limited financial liabilities as its primary purpose is to hold investments in other group companies.  
The Company’s receivables largely relate to its funding of the operations of KRM22.   All items below are stated at 
amortised cost unless explicitly stated.  The Company measures fair values using the following fair value hierarchy 
that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements.  

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value by hierarchy level. 

Financial assets 
Cash at banks and on hand – unrestricted 
Trade receivables group companies 
Trade and other receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Accruals 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial liability at FVTPL (Level 1) 
Finance lease obligations 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

2021 
Group 
£’000 

2021 
Company 
£’000 

1,900 
– 
1,215 
3,115 

1,421 
293 
2,974 
255 
615 
5,558 

1,475 
77 
– 
1,552 

32 
138 
– 
– 
– 
170 

5,362 
– 
545 
5,907 

1,401 
268 
2,860 
45 
804 
5,378 

4,527 
332 
– 
4,859 

67 
143 
– 
– 
– 
210 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount for all financial assets and liabilities which are not held at fair value 
through profit or loss approximates to their fair value. 

In  conjunction  with  a  debt  facility  (the  “Debt  Facility”)  arranged  with  Harbert  European  Growth  Capital  Fund  II 
(“Harbert”) in 2019, the Company constituted warrants over 495,049 Ordinary shares.  Whilst the balance of the Debt 
Facility was settled during the year ended 31 December 2020, the warrants remain in place and are exercisable by 
Harbert until 29 April 2029.  The warrants are treated as a derivative financial instrument and recorded at fair value as 
a  current  liability  with  any  adjustment  in  fair  value  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  dated  recognised  within 
finance charge on financial liabilities in the income statement.  

The fair value of the warrant instrument was measured using the binomial option valuation model.  The inputs to the 
model are as follows: 

Share price at reporting date 
Exercise price 
Expiry period 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Financial risk management 

2022 

£0.48 
£1.01 
6years 
30% 
– 
3.58% 

KRM22 is exposed to market risk, which includes interest rate risk and currency risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.  The 
senior management oversees the management of these risks and ensures that the financial risk taken is governed by 
appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with 
KRM22’s policies and risk appetite. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

The Board of Directors review and agree polices for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below: 

a)  Market risk 

KRM22’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and 
interest rates. 

Financial currency risk management 

KRM22 is exposed to transactional exchange risk.  Transactional foreign exchange risk arises from sales or 
purchases by a group company in a currency other than that  Company’s functional currency.   Further the 
Group and the Company have inter-company loans made in currencies other than their functional currency.   

Year ended 31 December 2021 
     Average rate 
     Year-end spot rate 
Year ended 31 December 2022 
     Average rate 
     Year-end spot rate 

Foreign currency sensitivity analysis 

USD 

EUR 

CZK 

SGD 

1.38 
1.35 

1.23 
1.21 

1.17 
1.19 

1.17 
1.13 

29.87 
29.67 

28.68 
27.28 

1.85 
1.82 

1.70 
1.62 

The following table details KRM22’s sensitivity analysis to a 10% (2021: 5%) decrease in Sterling against the 
relevant  foreign  currencies  which  the  Directors  believe  could  have  the  most  significant  impact  on  the 
performance of KRM22.  For a 10% (2021: 5%) strengthening of Sterling against the relevant currency there 
would be a comparable impact on financial performance. 

US Dollar 
Euros 
Czech Kroner 
Singapore Dollar 

Interest rate risk 

Loss 
2022 
£’000 
(151) 
(19) 
(185) 
(6) 
(361) 

Other equity 
2022 
£’000 
(386) 
(15) 
(555) 
(3) 
(959) 

Loss 
2021 
£’000 
(33) 
(7) 
(75) 
– 
(115) 

Other equity 
2021 
£’000 
(96) 
5 
(176) 
1 
(266) 

Interest  rate  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  fair  value  of  future  cash  flows  or  a  financial  instrument  will  fluctuate 
because of changes in market interest rates.  The Directors do not believe the interest rate risk to be material 
and therefore no sensitivity analysis has been prepared. 

b)  Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer 
contract, leading to a financial loss.  KRM22 is exposed to credit risk from its operations, primarily from trade 
receivables, and from loans provided to related parties. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
81 

Trade receivables 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

Customer credit risk is managed subject to KRM22’s established policy, procedures and control relating to 
customer  credit  risk  management.    Outstanding  receivables  are  regularly  monitored  and  discussed  at 
executive management and Board level of group companies. 

Financial instruments and cash deposits 

Credit risk from cash balances with banks and financial institutions is  managed in accordance with KRM22 
policy.  Credit risk with respect to cash is managed by carefully selecting the institutions with which cash is 
deposited. 

Impairment 

The financial assets of the Group comprise cash at banks, trade receivables and other receivables.  Having 
reviewed the recoverability of KRM22’s financial assets since the reporting date, as well as the likelihood of 
future losses over the next twelve months and the lifetime of the assets, the Directors have recognised credit 
losses in respect of other receivables, as detailed in note 16.  

c)  Liquidity risk 

KRM22  is  not  currently  cash  generative,  however  funds  were  raised  as  part  of  the  IPO,  subsequent  share 
placements and the Kestrel Convertible Loan facility.  The Board carefully monitors the levels of cash and is 
comfortable that it has sufficient cash for normal operating requirements.  KRM22 has no committed lines of 
credit. 

The  following  table  details  KRM22’s  remaining  contractual  maturity  for  its  financial  liabilities  based  on 
contractual payments: 

At 31 December 2021 

Trade and other payables 
Secured loans (gross) 
Finance lease obligations 

At 31 December 2022 

Trade and other payables 
Secured loans (gross) 
Finance lease obligations 

Capital risk management 

Within 1 year 
£’000 

1 to 2 years 
£’000 

2 to 5 years 
£’000 

3,436 
285 
483 

2,009 
3,210 
493 

– 
3,210 
250 

– 
– 
122 

– 
– 
71 

– 
– 
– 

Total 
£’000 

3,436 
3,495 
804 

2,009 
3,210 
615 

KRM22 manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while also maximising 
the  operational  potential  of  the  business.    The  capital  structure  of  KRM22  consists  of  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and equity attributable to equity holders of the Company, comprising issued capital and reserves 
as disclosed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.  KRM22 is not exposed to externally imposed 
capital requirements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

28.  Related party transactions 

Remuneration of key management personnel 

The remuneration of key management personnel, including Directors, is set out in aggregate for each of the categories 
specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures as follows: 

Short-term employee benefits 
Retirement benefits 
Share-based payment benefits 
Total 

Related party transactions 

2022 
£’000 
567 
9 
54 
630 

2021 
£’000 
354 
6 
201 
561 

During the year, the Group recognised revenue from Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”) of £0.1m (2021: £nil) 
under normal commercial terms.  At 31 December 2022, the balance due to  the Group from TT was £0.0m (2021: 
£nil).    In  addition,  TT  provided  services  to  the  Group  of  £0.0m  and  the  balance  due  to  TT  from  the  Group  at  31 
December  2022  was  £0.0m  (2021:  £nil).    As  detailed  in  note  29,  on  17  June  2023,  the  Company  entered  into  an 
agreement for a new £5.0m convertible loan facility (the “TT Convertible Loan”) arranged by TT, with an initial £4.0m 
drawn down on 23 June 2023.  TT is a 25.0% shareholder of the Company. 

On  15  September  2020,  KRM22  entered  into  an  agreement  for  a  new  three  year  £3.0m  loan  facility  (the  “Kestrel 
Convertible Loan”) with Kestrel Partners LLP (“Kestrel”).  The interest rate payable on the  Kestrel Convertible Loan is 
9.5% per annum payable quarterly in arrears and the total interest charged in the year ended 31 December 2022 was 
£0.3m (2021: £0.3m).  Kestrel can convert the Kestrel Convertible Loan into new ordinary shares in the Company at 
any time at a conversion price of 38p.  The Company has the right to request conversion at any time, subject to certain 
conditions regarding the Company’s share price at that time.  Kestrel has the right to prevent any conversion which 
would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover Code.  The Kestrel Convertible Loan is secured on certain KRM22 
assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s financial performance, based on ARR and solvency.  As detailed 
in note 29, on 23 June 2023, the Company repaid the Kestrel Convertible Loan.  Kestrel, inclusive of beneficial interests, 
is a 17.7% shareholder of the Company. 

29.  Events after the reporting date 

On  17  June  2023,  the  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  for  a  new  £5.0m  convertible  loan  facility  (the  “TT 
Convertible Loan”) arranged by TT, the Company’s largest shareholder, to replace the existing Kestrel Convertible Loan 
and to support future business growth. 

The TT Convertible Loan is for up to £5.0m with an initial £4.0m drawn down on 23 June 2023, of which £3.1m was 
used to repay the outstanding Kestrel Convertible Loan debt of £3.0m plus interest of £0.1m. 

The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the aggregate of the SOFR average rate and a margin of 5.5% 
provided  that  the  amount  of  such  aggregate  percentage  rate  shall  be  a  minimum  of  9.25%.    Interest  on  the  TT 
Convertible Loan is paid quarterly however in the first 18 months of the TT Convertible Loan term, interest can be 
deferred with 50% of any deferred interest being paid at 18 months and the remaining balance of deferred interest 
being paid at 21 months.  The term of the TT Convertible Loan is three years with the option to extend by a further 
year to four years. 

TT can convert the TT Convertible Loan into new ordinary shares in the Company at any time at the lowest conversion 
price of: 46p, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s ordinary shares for the three-month period prior to 
service of a conversion notice; or the lowest daily closing price for the 30 completed calendar days prior to service of 
a conversion notice.  TT has the right to prevent any conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover 
Code.  The TT Convertible Loan is secured on certain KRM22 assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s 
financial performance, based on ARR, revenue recognised and solvency. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

The board of directors 

Registered office 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Chairman  

Stephen Casner 

CEO  

Kim Suter 

CFO  

Sandy Broderick 

Non-Executive Director  

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive Director  

Steve Sparke 

Non-Executive Director  

5 Ireland Yard, London, EC4V 5EH 

Company number 

11231735 

Company Secretary 

Kim Suter 

Nominated Adviser and Broker 

finnCap, 1 Bartholomew Close, London, EC1A 7BL 

Solicitors 

Fieldfisher  LLP,  Riverbank  House,  2  Swan  Lane, 
London, EC4R 3TT 

Auditor 

BDO LLP, 55 Baker Street, London, W1U 7EU 

Registrars 

Equiniti,  Aspect  House,  Spencer  Road,  Lancing,  West 
Sussex, BN99 6DA

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNUAL REPORT 2022 |        

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