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KRM22

krm · LSE Financial Services
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Industry Asset Management
Employees 11-50
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FY2023 Annual Report · KRM22
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INTERNATIONAL 

Annual Report 2023 

KRM22 Plc 

Company number: 11231735 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Highlights ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 

Chairman’s statement ...................................................................................................................................... 2 

Chief Executive Officer’s Report...................................................................................................................... 3 

Chief Financial Officer’s Report ....................................................................................................................... 5 

Our products ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 

Principal risks and uncertainties ................................................................................................................... 13 

Section 172 statement ................................................................................................................................... 16 

Board of Directors ............................................................................................................................................ 20 

Corporate Governance statement ................................................................................................................ 22 

Audit Committee report .................................................................................................................................. 28 

Remuneration Committee report .................................................................................................................. 30 

Nomination Committee report ...................................................................................................................... 33 

Directors’ report ............................................................................................................................................... 34 

Financial Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 39 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of KRM22 Plc ................................................................. 40 

Consolidated income statement and statement of comprehensive income for the group .............. 48 

Consolidated statement of financial position for the group .................................................................... 49 

Company statement of financial position ................................................................................................... 50 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the group ................................................................... 51 

Company statement of changes in equity .................................................................................................. 52 

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the group ............................................................................... 53 

Notes to the consolidated financial statements ........................................................................................ 54 

Company information ..................................................................................................................................... 84 

   
 
 
 
1 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

HIGHLIGHTS 

Financial 

•  Annualised Recurring Revenue (ARR)1 as at 31 December 2023 of £5.4m (2022: £4.8m as reported, £4.6m at 

constant FX rate) – growth of 17.4% at constant FX rate 

o  New contracted ARR in 2023 of £1.1m (2022: £1.3m)  
o  Total ARR attributable to the relationship with Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”) of £0.4m 

(2022: £0.1m) 

•  Total revenue recognised of £5.3m (2022: £4.3m) – growth of 23.3% 
•  Adjusted EBITDA loss2 of £1.4m (2022: loss of £1.7m) 
• 
•  Gross cash as at 31 December 2023 of £0.9m (2022: £1.9m) 
•  New £5.0m convertible loan provided by TT, of which £4.5m was drawn down in the year, to replace the previous 

Loss before tax of £4.9m (2022: loss of £3.3m) 

Kestrel £3.0m convertible loan that was due to mature in September 2023 

Operational 

•  12 new ARR contracts signed in the year including 7 new customers 
•  First sales of Limits Manager product generated through the TT sales channel 
•  42 institutional customers as at 31 December 2023 

Post Year-End Events 

•  Growth in ARR to £6.0m as at the date of this report 
•  New  Limits  Manager  product  contract  win  worth  £0.6m  over  three  years with a  major Futures  Commission 

Merchant (“FCM”), one the of industry’s top 15 largest FCMs 

•  Group  restructure  and  rationalisation  to  implement  a  focused  cost  savings  programme,  with  annual  cost 

savings of £1.2m 

•  Board changes announced on 7 March 2024 with appointment of Dan Carter as CEO and Garry Jones as Non-
Executive Chairman, replacing Stephen Casner and Keith Todd respectively, with Keith Todd remaining on the 
Board as Executive Director 

1 Annualised Recurring Revenue (ARR) is the value of contracted Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) revenue normalised to a one year 
period and excludes one-time fees. 

2 Adjusted EBITDA is the reported loss for the year, adjusted for recurring non-monetary costs including depreciation, amortisation, 
unrealised foreign exchange (loss)/gain and share-based payment (credit)/charges and non-recurring costs, both monetary and non-
monetary, including impairment of intangible assets,  profit on  disposal of  tangible/intangible assets, deferred consideration write 
back, gain on distinguishment of debt and acquisition, funding and debt related costs.  A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA loss to 
the reported operating loss for the year is detailed on page 6. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

2023  was  another  year  of  growth  for  KRM22,  with  Annual  Recurring  Revenue  (“ARR”) 
continuing to achieve a new high of £5.4m, a 17.4% increase on 2022 at constant FX rates, as 
the business added more customers and further developed its broad product offering.  Twelve 
new ARR contracts were signed during 2023 including seven new customers. 

Continued  market  volatility  and  turbulent  geopolitical  conditions  have  naturally  resulted  in 
some conservatism from companies throughout the year when assessing capital expenditure 
on  new  systems  and  services.    It  is  exactly  these  conditions  that  our  risk  management 
products  are  built  for  and  can  add  real  value,  transparency  and  security  in  uncertain  times.    We  continue  to  be 
progressing  with  extensions  to  services  for  existing  customers,  whilst  pushing  hard  to  add  new  Tier  one  financial 
institutions to our customer portfolio. 

Our product range of Limits Manager, Risk Manager, Market Surveillance and Risk Cockpit can be utilised individually, or 
in conjunction with each other, to provide a complete range of risk management services. 

In March 2024, we made some internal changes and appointed Dan Carter as our new CEO.  Dan has been at KRM22 
since its inception and has vast experience in the technology services industry.  I have every confidence that Dan and 
the management team will drive and accelerate our business to new heights.  I am also honoured to have been appointed 
as KRM22’s chairman at the same time, and look forward to the challenges ahead.  I would like to take this opportunity 
to  recognise  Stephen  Casner  and  Keith  Todd,  our  predecessors  as  CEO  and  Chairman  respectively,  for  all  of  their 
contributions to the Company since IPO just over six years ago. 

The Board and I also wish to thank our loyal customers and investors for their continued commitment to our long-term 
vision of delivering high quality products and services to the capital markets and derivatives risk community.  The quality 
of our customers and their importance to the traded markets gives us much confidence that we are hitting the mark 
with industry professionals, who rely on KRM22’s products and services to add value to their business. 

I also want to congratulate the entire KRM22 team for another year of progress, and to recognise their continued hard 
work and loyalty to the Company. 

I look forward to further growth in 2024, a continued increase in ARR, and becoming a cash generative business in due 
course.  KRM22 has never been in a better position as we progress through 2024 and beyond. 

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive Chairman  

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REPORT 

I am delighted to have been appointed CEO of KRM22 in March 2024.  The opportunity that 
KRM22  has  to  be  the  market  leader  of  risk  technology  to  the  capital  markets  industry  is 
incredibly  exciting.    We  have  very  strong  foundations  in  place,  implemented  under  the 
leadership of Keith Todd and Stephen Casner, a strong product offering and a motivated and 
ambitious team.  I have been at KRM22 since our inception in 2018, and in my former roles in 
the  Sales and  Customer  Services teams,  have  seen  first  hand  how KRM22  can  satisfy our 
customers needs and deliver first class technology to the industry.  

Revenue growth 

KRM22 continued to make great progress during 2023 with continuing growth in annualised recurring revenue (“ARR”) 
year on year with the goal of becoming a £10.0m ARR business firmly in our sights.  The value behind the Global Risk 
Platform, and the ability to integrate various aspects of a firms risk is starting to be leveraged by firms.  At 31 December 
2023, we had six of the top 15 Futures Commissions Merchants (“FCMs”) in the world using our Limits Manager product.  
The  Limits  Manager  product  has  embedded  itself as  a  true  market  leader  and  is  providing  firms  with a  much  more 
efficient  way  of  managing  trading  limits  whilst  at  the  same  time  giving  firms  a  full  audit  of  changes  made.    As  we 
progress through 2024 we anticipate the Risk Manager product to become another industry standard and achieve similar 
demand and success as Limits Manager has before it, allowing firms to manage and control risk in complete sync. 

In 2023 we continued to grow ARR through our two distinct sales “channels”  – our direct sales team as well as the 
product  distribution  agreements  with  various  distributors  including  Trading  Technologies  International,  Inc.  (“TT”).  
KRM22 added new ARR in 2023 of £1.1m with £0.9m from direct sales and £0.2m from the TT sales channel.   The 
growth  in  ARR was  primarily  driven  by  sales  of  Market  Surveillance  (42%),  Limits  Manager  (21%) and Risk  Manager 
(21%), which incorporates the legacy functionality from the At-Trade P&L and Post-Trade Stress products. 

The Customer Services team, made up of industry experts who have many years of experience between them, continue 
to ensure our service levels are of the highest quality and thus customer churn is kept to manageable levels. 

The  partnership  with  TT  continues  to  go  from  strength  to  strength  from  a  sales  and  revenue  perspective.    The  TT 
distribution agreement allows the Limits Manager product to be deployed to their customers on their platform without 
the timely and burdensome vendor onboarding processes that KRM22 experiences as a new vendor, thus helping to 
reduce the length of  sales cycles.  In addition to revenue generated through the distribution agreement with TT, the 
partnership  has  also  provided  other  revenue  opportunities  for  KRM22  with  both  ARR  and  non-recurring  revenue  for 
specific projects, both internal and external to TT. 

Products 

In 2023 we simplified KRM22’s product offering under the two key distinct areas of risk: Trading Risk, covering the Limits 
Manager and Risk Manager products, and Compliance Risk, covering the Risk Cockpit and Market Surveillance products.  

Limits Manager 

Having been launched in early 2022, 2023 saw the continued development of Limits Manager with the addition of more 
user functionality which benefits both the execution services and risk management teams that use the product, and 
therefore  created  further  operational  efficiencies  for  those  using  the  product.    Automation  workflows  have  been 
delivered and firms are beginning to automate limit change requests that meet specific conditions when raised.  As we 
look ahead to 2024 we will continue to develop more reporting functions for the Limits Manager product to enhance 
visibility and further user understanding of what is happening with their limit change processes.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4 

Risk Manager 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

When KRM22 launched in 2018, the goal and investment strategy was to bring the various aspects of risk management 
together in one place and 2023 saw us invest heavily in the development of Risk Manager, bringing real-time P&L, Margin, 
Stress scenario analysis and VaR together in one product.  The Risk Manager product also allows time series analysis 
of these key data points showing key trend analysis to the user when reviewing the account, or making limit change 
approval decisions.  We will continue to invest in the product as we migrate existing customers  using the legacy At-
Trade and Post-Trade products onto Risk Manager whilst also delivering the product to new customers.  

Integration of Limits Manager and Risk Manager 

As  we  progress  through  2024,  KRM22  is  excited  to  bring  the  integration  of  the  Limits  Manager  and  Risk  Manager 
products  into  production.    This  integration  will  allow  risk  managers  the  ability  to  review  key  risk  metrics  from  Risk 
Manager and display it alongside the limit changes raised by a client within Limits Manager.  When the risk team within 
the financial institution approves the change, these values will be stored in the audit trail - a crucial view of what standing 
the account was in and why the decision was made at that time.  This will provide risk teams with more visibility and 
information in real-time when making these key decisions.  

Market Surveillance 

The Market Surveillance product continues to adapt with new alerts, including Spoofing by Order Depth, Cross Trades 
and  Gilt  Closing  alongside  key  functional  changes.    We  now  have  over  80  alert  types  available to  customers  in  the 
application.  In 2023 KRM22 signed an agreement with TT to integrate Score, TT's AI/ML surveillance application, with 
KRM22’s Market Surveillance product, which is a human calibrated alerting tool, to allow compliance officers to ensure 
their calibrations are valid.   The planned release date for this integrated product is late 2024 for TT to market and sell 
directly.  The project has already generated ARR and non-recurring revenue for KRM22 and the integrated product is 
expected to generate further revenue for KRM22 once product sales crystalise for TT though a revenue share model. 

Outlook 

We have continued to make good progress in the year towards our target of becoming a £10.0m ARR business with net 
ARR growth in 2023 of 17.4% and the addition of seven new customers using our products.  As of the date of this report, 
the use of the Limits Manager product by seven of the top 15 FCMs in the world demonstrates that there is demand for 
such product and that it, together with the Risk Manager product, has the ability to become the industry standard for 
FCMs.  

The team is experienced, energised and ready to grow the business and improve on the results reported in 2023 as we 
continue the journey towards a £10.0m ARR business generating positive EBITDA and cashflows.  The pipeline of sales 
opportunities is strong and the reorganisation of our workforce in early 2024 will help us manage the cost base of the 
business as we look towards the move to positive adjusted EBITDA and cashflows. 

Dan Carter 

CEO 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REPORT 

KRM22’s financial results for the year ended 31 December 2023 has seen a continuation of the 
financial turnaround initially reported in the prior year, with growth of 23.3% in total revenue 
recognised to £5.3m from £4.3m reported for the year ended 31 December 2022.   

ARR continued to increase, with ARR exceeding £5.0m for the first time in 2023 since KRM22’s 
inception in 2018, to end the year at £5.4m from £4.6m at 31 December 2022 at constant FX 
rates – a year-on-year increase of 17.4%.   

Adjusted EBITDA loss reported for 2023 was £1.4m, an improvement on the £1.7m reported in 2022.  This growth was 
set against continued global economic uncertainty and extended sales cycles. 

Profit and Loss 

Total revenue 

Revenue recognised for the year to 31 December 2023 was £5.3m (2022: £4.3m), an increase of 23.3% compared with 
the prior year, with 90.6% (2022: 92.3%) of total revenue generated from recurring customer contracts.  Non-recurring 
revenue  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  totalled  £0.5m  (2022:  £0.3m)  and  related  principally  to  customer 
implementations, product development and proof of concept work. 

Recurring revenue 

ARR is a key metric and KPI for KRM22 and as at 31 December 2023, ARR had increased by  17.4% to £5.4m (2022: 
£4.8m as reported, £4.6m at constant FX rates), a net increase of £0.8m at constant FX rates (2022: net increase of 
£1.0m).  

New contracted  ARR  in  the  year  totalled  £1.1m  (2022:  £1.3m)  of  which  £0.6m  (2022:  £0.7m)  was  from  seven  new 
customers and £0.5m (2022: £0.6m) was generated from existing customers.  Included within the £0.6m of new ARR 
from new customers was £0.2m (2022: £nil) of ARR generated from sales of the Limits Manager product  under the 
distribution agreement which KRM22 has with TT.  The £0.5m of new ARR generated from existing customers was a 
combination of these existing customers purchasing additional products and contractual renewals for existing products, 
with an increase in ARR and extensions of contractual terms. 

The  amount  of  ARR  generated  through  partner  products  and  services,  primarily  through  data  and  news  feeds,  with 
minimal margin to KRM22, accounted for 4.6% (2022: 6.9%). 

Total  churn  in  ARR  for  the  year  was  £0.4m  (2022:  £0.6m),  from  three  institutional  customers,  of  which  £0.1m  was 
anticipated as it related to a customer acquired through the acquisition of Object+ in 2019 using a bespoke product that 
does not form part of the current product offering.  A further £0.1m of churn was from a customer directly impacted by 
the SVB collapse in March 2023.  The third customer, with churn of £0.1m, related to data feeds which, whilst impacting 
ARR and revenue recognition, had minimal profit margin and so the effect on the operating loss is £nil.   

Gross profit 

Gross profit for the year to 31 December 2023 was £4.1m (2022: £3.3m).  There was a small increase in gross profit 
margin to 78% compared to the prior year margin of 77% which was due to an improvement in foreign currency rates, 
compared with the prior year when there was volatility and adverse movements,  with a significant proportion of the 
Group’s cost of sales being Amazon Web Services server costs which are invoiced in US dollars.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Capitalised development 

A  total  of  £1.1m  (2022:  £0.8m)  of  development  was  capitalised  in  the  year  to  31  December  2023.    Capitalised 
development is amortised over three years. 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  the  key  metric  that  the  Company  considers  in  order  to  understand  the  cash-profitability  of  the 
business.  This is due in particular to the non-cash items that impact the Income Statement under IFRS accounting, such 
as non-cash share-based payment charges. 

Adjusted EBITDA for the year to 31 December 2023 was a £1.4m loss (2022: loss of £1.7m).  Whilst the adjusted EBITDA 
loss reported for the year is a £0.3m improvement on the prior year, this reduction is not proportional to the increase in 
total revenue recognised in the year compared with the prior year and this was due to the increase in administrative 
expenses.   

The increase in administrative costs was primarily driven by two factors.  Firstly, in 2022 KRM22 used the investment 
proceeds from TT’s investment in KRM22 in December 2021 to invest in Revenue, Customer Services and Development 
resource to help drive the business forward and the timing of this new resource joining KRM22 occurred throughout 
2022.  Administrative costs for the year ended 31 December 2023 therefore includes a full year of increased staff costs 
compared with the prior year.  In addition to the aforementioned investment in resource, the rate of inflation in 2022 and 
2023 meant that staff salary reviews, which are completed on an annual basis in the first quarter of each year, resulted 
in a significantly higher average pay increase in 2023 compared to 2022.  The average pay increase in 2023, whilst being 
higher than 2022, was not matched to the rate of inflation.  

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA loss to the reported operating loss is provided as follows: 

Adjusted EBITDA loss  
Depreciation and amortisation 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Unrealised FX (losses)/gains  
Deferred consideration write back 
Acquisition and debt expenses 
Gain on extinguishment of debt 
Share-based payment credit/(expense) 

Operating loss 

Operating loss 

2023 
£’m 
(1.4) 
(1.3) 
(1.6) 
(0.5) 
0.1 
0.0 
0.1 
0.1 
(4.5) 

2022 
£’m 
(1.7) 
(1.6) 
– 
0.8 
– 
– 
– 
(0.1) 

(2.6) 

Reported operating loss for the year to 31 December 2023 was £4.5m (2022: loss of £2.6m) and includes an impairment 
charge of £1.6m primarily related to a revision in the estimated recoverable amount of  goodwill using a value-in-use 
model by projecting cashflows for future years using different inputs to the model compared with prior years. 

Finance charges 

Net finance expense in the year was £0.4m (2022: £0.6m) and includes: 

Loan interest of £0.4m (2022: £0.3m);  
IFRS16 lease liability interest of £0.0m (2022: £0.1m); and 

• 
• 
•  Derivative financial instrument fair value adjustment of £0.0m (2022: £0.2m). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7 

Taxation 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The  tax  credit  in  the  year was  £0.3m  (2022:  credit of £0.2m)  which  includes  a  £0.2m  (2022:  £0.1m) R&D  tax  credit 
received.   

Financial position 

Assets 

The cash balance as at 31 December 2023 was £0.9m (2022: £1.9m). 

Current assets at 31 December 2023 include trade and other receivables of £1.1m (2022: £1.5m).   

Non-current assets were £5.8m (2022: £7.8m) relating principally to: £4.2m for goodwill and assets acquired (2022: 
£6.1m), £1.4m (2022: £1.3m) for capitalised development costs, and £0.1m for right of use assets recognised under 
IFRS16 (2022: £0.4m). 

Liabilities 

As at 31 December 2023, our principal liabilities were: 

•  £4.5m convertible loan owed to TT plus accrued interest of £0.2m. 
•  £0.7m (US$0.9m) deferred consideration for earn out payments for the acquisition of Object+.  The deferred 
consideration  can  be  satisfied  in  either  cash  or  Company  Ordinary  Shares  in  KRM22  at  the  Company’s 
discretion. 

•  £0.4m for the right of use assets relating to all future payments of leased-office rentals under IFRS16 ‘Leases’ 
whereby such lease payments are provided for at today’s value.   KRM22 has one remaining lease in London 
which expires in 2024. 

•  £2.2m of deferred revenue; contracted and paid services that will be released in a future period. 

Investors 

As an AIM quoted business, a large proportion of KRM22’s shareholders are professional investment funds.  In addition, 
the  Directors  together  owned  3,764,958  shares  at  the  year  end,  representing  10.6%  of  the  Company’s  issued  share 
capital. 

Funding 

On  17  June  2023,  KRM22  entered  into  an  agreement  for  a  new  three  year  £5.0m  convertible  loan  facility  (the  “TT 
Convertible Loan”) with TT, the Company’s largest shareholder.  At 31 December 2023, KRM22 had drawn down £4.5m 
of the total facility amount and these proceeds were used to replace the Company’s existing convertible loan (the “Kestrel 
Convertible  Loan”)  with  Kestrel  Partners  LLP.    The outstanding  balance  of the  Kestrel  Convertible  Loan,  inclusive  of 
principal and accrued interest was £3.1m. 

The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the average 90 day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) 
and a margin of 5.5%, subject to a minimum aggregate percentage rate per annum of 9.25%.  Interest is payable quarterly 
in arrears however KRM22 has the ability to defer interest payments in the initial 18 months (the “Initial Interest Period”), 
with the total deferred interest in the Initial Interest Period being paid in two equal instalments on the calendar quarters 
ending after the 18th and 21st month anniversary of the facility, i.e. 31 December 2024 and 31 March 2025.   

Under the terms of the TT Convertible Loan agreement dated 17 June 2023 (the “TT Loan Agreement”), any amounts 
drawn down from the TT Convertible Loan could be converted into new Ordinary Shares in the Company by TT at any 
time at the lowest conversion price of: £0.46, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s ordinary shares for 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

the  three  month  period  prior  to  service  of  conversion  notice;  or  the  lowest  daily  closing  price  for  the  30  completed 
calendar days prior to service of conversion notice.  On 1 July 2023, the TT Loan Agreement was amended to remove 
the variability of the conversion price and replace with a fixed conversion price of £0.46.  TT has the right to prevent any 
conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover Code. 

The TT Convertible Loan is secured on certain KRM22 assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s financial 
performance including ARR, revenue recognition and solvency. 

Use of cash in the year 

Our net cash outflow in the year was £1.0m, which included £4.5m draw down receipts from the TT Convertible Loan, of 
which £3.0m was used to settle the Kestrel Convertible Loan principal,  £1.1m was used for capitalised development, 
£0.2m was used to pay interest on the Kestrel Convertible Loan and the balance was used to provide working capital for 
KRM22. 

Going concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis based on a range of cashflow forecasts and 
scenarios covering a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report.  The time to close new customers 
and the value of each customer, which are deemed individually as high value and low volume in nature, is key to the 
forecast being achieved.  Even if the forecast is achieved, there remains a material uncertainty around KRM22 operating 
within the financial covenants associated with the TT Convertible Loan.  The Board have received a letter of support 
from  TT  that  they  would  be  willing  to  enter  into  discussions  with  KRM22  around  amending  the  terms  of  the  TT 
Convertible Loan to ensure that KRM22 does not breach the financial covenants.  Further analysis of KRM22’s going 
concern position is detailed in the Directors report on pages 35 – 36. 

Shareholdings and Earnings per share 

As at 31 December 2023, KRM22 had 35,666,336 shares in issue and this was also the undiluted weighted average 
number of shares for the period.  The resulting Earning per Share (“EPS”) is a 13.0p loss per share (2022: loss of 8.7p).  
Due to the loss made by the Company in the year, the diluted EPS is the same as EPS. 

Conclusion 

In 2023, KRM22 has continued to grow with recognised revenue increasing by 23.3% to £5.3m, ARR increasing to £5.4m 
which,  as  at  the  date  of  this  report,  has  further  increased  to  £6.0m.    Whilst  administrative  costs  increased  in  2023 
compared with the prior year, the Board took action in early 2024 to review the underlying cost base of the business and 
have since implemented a focused cost savings programme to generate annual cost savings of approximately £1.2m.  
This  cost  savings  programme,  together  with  significant  sales  pipeline  opportunities,  both  from  direct  selling 
opportunities and through the TT distribution agreement, will improve the adjusted EBITDA position going forward and 
accelerate the Company’s path to profitability. 

Approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by: 

Kim Suter 

CFO 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

 
 
 
10 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

OUR PRODUCTS 

Built on the Global Risk Platform, KRM22 offer products addressing risk management challenges across Corporate and 
Trading risk.  By layering on data from throughout a customer’s environment, customers are now able to better assess, 
monitor and manage the increasing correlation between these risk areas. 

The Global Risk Platform 

The KRM22 Global Risk Platform is a cloud-based SaaS service for Corporate and Trading risk that securely connects and 
integrates into existing and new client portals from one integrated system. 

Corporate Risk 

Risk Cockpit 

The Risk Cockpit is a digital risk register and incident management portal that brings risk policies and operational controls 
to life through a proven risk assessment workflow 

•  Enforce risk controls 
•  Capture, assess and 
remediate events 
•  Track and understand 

metrics 

•  Generate regulatory and 

historic reporting 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Market Surveillance 

Market Surveillance provides insightful analytics and contextual market surveillance to help capital market firms identify 
and manage the potential risks of market abuse, fraud and operational breaches 

•  Comprehensive suite of 
market abuse alerts 
including Layering and 
Spoofing, Wash Trading 
and Insider Trading, 
Abnormal Trade, Volatility 
Spike and Unusual Price 
Movement 
Identify the appropriate 
actions to manage alerts 

• 

•  Configure and analyse 

alert scenarios in real-time 

•  Sophisticated case 

management workflows 

Trading Risk 

Limits Manager 

Limits  Manager,  formerly  called  Pre-Trade  Centralised  Risk  Management,  combats  time  consuming  and  error  prone 
processes by maintaining, auditing and approving trading limits across multiple platforms in one centralised application 

•  Submit, review and 

approve limit change 
requests for software 
trading platforms 
•  Automate pre-approved 

limit changes 
•  View the completed 

status of limit requests 
•  Capture all limit activity 

and simplify reporting 

•  Maintain a database of 

account limits by date or 
date range, detailing 
adjustments since 
inception 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 

Risk Manager 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Risk  Manager  incorporates  the  legacy  functionality from  the  At-Trade  P&L and Post-Trade Stress  products  and  helps 
firms achieve trading control through effective risk management monitoring 

•  A  single  place  to  see  Real-time  P&L, Real-time 
Margin,  Value  at  Risk  (VaR)  calculations  and 
Parameterised  Stress  Risk  alongside  account 
credit in one web based screen 

•  Drill  down  across  multiple  levels,  with  full 
visibility  into  Positions  and  P&L  down  to  the 
strike level 

•  Supports  Greek  calculations  and  What-if 

position evaluation 

•  Visibility  of  margin  position  across  exchanges 
broken  down  by  either  exchange  code  or 
commodity code 

•  Analyse market stress by applying price shocks 
to  current  positions  and  ability  to  take  action 
based on Risk Slide results through export, alert 
notifications and What-if position evaluation 
•  Ability to apply Parametric, Historic and Monte 
levels  of  account 

Carlo  calculations  to  all 
hierarchy 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The Board considers the risks set out below to be the principal risks to KRM22.  The Board continually reviews the risks 
facing KRM22 to help monitor and manage these risks, and ensures appropriate steps are taken to mitigate them.  If more 
than one event occurs, it is possible that the overall effect of such events would compound the possible adverse effects 
on KRM22.  The Board recognises that the nature and scope of risks can change and there may be other risks to which 
KRM22 is exposed so the list is not intended to be exhaustive.   

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

Mitigating actions 

The mitigating actions associated with global economic 
uncertainty and inflation related risks and uncertainties 
are  included  in  further  detail  under  each  risk  and 
uncertainty component listed below. 

Global economic 
uncertainty and 
inflation 

Whilst  the  levels of  UK inflation have subsided 
from  their  peak  in  October  2022,  plus  market 
forecasts  suggest  that  the  rate  of  inflation  is 
projected  to  decline  as  we  progress  through 
2024, global economic uncertainty continues to 
pose  a  significant  risk  as  it  impacts  all  of 
KRM22’s  stakeholders.    Economic  uncertainty 
could impact liquidity of existing customers and 
the  ability  by  KRM22  to  convert  new  sales 
opportunities.    If  inflation  increases  to  levels 
seen in 2022, and does not continue to subside 
as market forecasts suggest,  this will increase 
the cost of goods and services purchased from 
third  parties,  together  with  expectations  from 
staff 
their  salary  and 
compensation.   All  of  these stakeholders have 
the ability to impact the profitability of KRM22.  
The potential impacts are detailed further under 
the separate risk and uncertainty components. 

increases 

for 

in 

Customer retention 

Given  KRM22’s  strategic  focus  on  Annualised 
Recurring Revenue (“ARR”), the retention of key 
customers  is  critical  to  the  maintenance  of 
revenue  streams.    The  loss  of  key  customers 
could adversely impact business results. 

New contract signings  Delays  in  new customer  contract  signings  will 
impact business results and the cash position of 
KRM22.  Investors are expecting KRM22 to sign 
new customer contracts and increase ARR and 
any  delays  in  this  will  impact  shareholder 
confidence. 

Foreign exchange 

KRM22 operates internationally and is therefore 
exposed  to  fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange 
rates. 

Every customer has an account manager who regularly 
speaks  with 
the  customer  and  who  ensures 
requirements are met. 

KRM22 also has a centralised customer support team 
with  defined  service  levels  to  ensure  quality  product 
service to the customer. 

All  sales  opportunities  are  assigned  a  key  internal 
contact at KRM22 who updates the executive team on a 
regular basis.   

The CFO maintains detailed cash forecasts that include 
sensitivity  analysis  applied  to  new  sales  opportunities 
including  delayed  sales,  reduced  recurring  and  non-
recurring  revenue  values  and  no  future  sales  growth.  
These  are  reviewed  and  discussed  on  a  regular  basis 
between the CFO and CEO so that they can manage the 
cost base and cashflow accordingly.  The forecasts are 
also discussed at the monthly Board meetings. 

KRM22 relies on a partial natural hedge of GBP, EUR and 
USD  costs  and  revenue  being in  the  same  currencies.  
KRM22 also continuously monitors its foreign exchange 
forward  currency 
exposure 
transactions are necessary. 

to  assess  whether 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

  Mitigating actions 

Liquidity of customers  KRM22 has a global customer base with these 
customers  being  stakeholders  in  their  own 
supply  chain.    Customer’s  liquidity  will  be 
dependent on a number of factors including the 
ability  of  their  own  customers  to  pay  sales 
invoices, their suppliers providing services that 
support their own revenue and the availability of 
staff  to  perform  the  work  that  drives  their 
revenue  and  liquidity  of  the  business.    The 
actions  of  these  stakeholders  will  impact  the 
customers  liquidity  and  their  ability  to  pay 
KRM22 sales invoices. 

KRM22 has a centralised finance function with accounts 
receivable (“AR”) balances reviewed on a regular basis 
with account managers and executives of the Company.  
The  use  of  automated  centralised  systems  allows  AR 
balances to be updated daily and, should an AR balance 
become  overdue,  appropriate  action  can  be  taken  to 
resolve  payment  of  any  outstanding  amounts.  
Sensitivity  analysis  is  included  on  AR  receipts  when 
preparing  cash  forecasts  with  any  bad  or  doubtful  AR 
balances excluded from base case cash forecasts. 

Compliance  with laws 
and regulations 

KRM22’s business is the sale of software that 
will facilitate compliance with financial services 
laws  and  regulations.    A  failure  by  KRM22  to 
comply  with  laws  and  regulations  in  its  own 
business could lead to fines and revocation of 
business 
licences,  as  well  as  significant 
reputational loss. 

Staff  recruitment  and 
retention 

KRM22 is reliant on the skills and knowledge 
of  its  people  in  a  wide  range  of  areas  but 
especially 
in  executive  management  and 
software development. 

in  critical  areas  could 

Failure  to  recruit,  retain  and  motivate  an 
appropriate  number  of  suitably  qualified 
people 
lead  to  a 
deterioration in the quality of our products and 
services.  This could lead to KRM22 failing to 
meet its customers’ needs resulting in the loss 
of  business  and  a  failure  to  deliver  expected 
financial returns. 

Investor  attitude  and 
confidence 

Investors lose faith in KRM22 and the ability to 
grow the business at a rate that provides them 
with a suitable return on investment. 

KRM22  employs  fully  qualified  finance  professionals 
and  external  professional advisors, including legal and 
tax, to ensure all relevant legal and regulatory codes are 
fully complied with. 

The  Remuneration  Committee 
reviews  KRM22’s 
compensation  policies  to  ensure  KRM22  continues  to 
attract,  motivate  and  retain  qualified  personnel.    All 
employees  are  offered  equity  awards,  including  share 
options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) in KRM22 so 
that they have a vested interest in the long-term success 
of KRM22. 

KRM22 is committed to the retention of staff by adopting 
a friendly and flexible working environment and offering a 
broad range of staff benefits. 

There  is  regular  staff  engagement  and  communication 
including  formal  monthly  internal  company  meetings 
where  the  Executive  team  update  all  staff  on  business 
wide  issues  and  encourage  team  participation.    In 
addition, formal staff appraisals are completed two times 
a  year  for  employees  and  their  managers  to  give  direct 
feedback and to understand staff morale, flight risks and 
any  gap  in  skills  or  qualifications.    The  output  of  each 
round  of  appraisals  is  discussed  by  the  Executive 
Directors  with  any  remedial  action  plans  implemented 
accordingly.  

KRM22 completes salary reviews on an annual basis and, 
as part of this review, undertakes a salary benchmarking 
exercise  to  ensure  that  salaries  are  in  line  with  current 
market trends across the different geographical locations 
in which it operates. 

The  CEO  and CFO  meet  institutional  shareholders,  fund 
managers  and  analysts  at 
least  twice  a  year  to 
understand how  the  strategy  and  the  Board’s  decisions 
impact on and are received by investors.  In addition, the 
CEO and CFO maintain regular contact with Cavendish, as 
Broker  and  Nominated  Advisor,  who  keep  in  regular 
contact with KRM22’s investor base. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Risk and uncertainty 

Potential impact 

Mitigating actions 

Debt facility 

the  provision  of 

The  convertible  loan  facility  with  Trading 
Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”) requires 
KRM22  to  adhere  with  various  obligations 
including compliance with financial covenants 
and 
forward-looking 
compliance  information,  payment  of  interest 
by  due  dates  and 
reporting  of 
information  within  agreed 
management 
timeframes.  Failure to comply with a financial 
covenant  will  result  in  an  Event  of  Default 
which  may  result  in  TT  withdrawing  the  TT 
Convertible  Loan  with  all  amounts  accrued 
becoming immediately due and payable which 
would impact KRM22’s cashflow. 

the 

Technology 

Information security 

The interest rate on the TT convertible loan is 
the  90  day  average  Secured  Overnight 
Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and a margin of 5.5%, 
subject  to  a  minimum  rate  of  9.25%.    Any 
adverse  movement 
the  SOFR  could 
in 
adversely  affect  KRM22  cashflows  and  the 
ability to repay amounts as they become due 
which could result in an Event of Default. 

To  remain  successful,  KRM22  must  ensure 
that 
its  products  continue  to  meet  the 
requirements of customers.  If products do not 
meet  the  requirements  of  customers,  they 
could  seek  alternative  solutions,  resulting  in 
loss of revenue. 

To be a credible and competitive Software-as-
a-Service  (SaaS)  organisation  who  stores, 
processes  or  transmits  critical  information, 
well  defined  controls  and  procedures  are 
required to be defined and adhered to.  Without 
these  controls  and  procedures,  unauthorised 
access  and  theft  of  customer  and  Company 
data  could  materialise  and  be  extremely 
damaging  to  the  Company,  both  financially 
and reputationally.   

The  risk  of  failing  to  adhere  with  financial  covenants  is 
mitigated  by  growth  in  ARR  generated  through  new 
customer 
cash, 
agreements,  management 
management of the cost base and ensuring that regular 
forecasts are maintained that include sensitivity analysis 
applied  to  new  sales  opportunities.    Forecasts,  with 
specific  reference  to  the  financial  covenants  are  also 
reviewed and discussed at each Board meeting. 

of 

There are defined reporting obligations that KRM22 has to 
TT  and  this  includes  a  process  to  engage  together  in 
advance of any forecasted issues and risks.  

The  CFO  regularly  monitors  the  SOFR  and  market 
forecasts and ensures that these are factored into cash 
forecasts  which  are  reviewed  and  discussed  at  each 
Board meeting. 

KRM22’s Product Managers are subject matter experts in 
their fields and understand the trends of the market and 
customer  needs. 
In  addition,  customer  account 
managers gather requirements of the existing customer 
base  and 
to  product 
development.   KRM22’s  CTO,  together with  the  Product 
Managers, use this information and feedback and invest 
in the products and underlying technology to enhance the 
existing products and develop new features. 

information 

feedback 

that 

and 

policies 

security 

SOC 2 requires organisations to establish and follow strict 
information 
procedures, 
encompassing 
the  security,  availability,  processing, 
integrity  and  confidentiality  of  customer  data.    The 
Company  is  SOC  2  accredited  with  an  audit  being 
undertaken on an annual basis each year for accreditation 
to continue.  In addition to mitigating information security 
risks, SOC 2 accreditation provides KRM22 with an edge 
over competitors who cannot show compliance. 

In  addition  to  the  risk  of  customer  and 
Company data theft, KRM22 is susceptible to 
more general fraud and security risks including 
spam  and  phishing  emails  sent  to  KRM22 
staff.  If such emails, and any attachments are 
opened by staff, the email and/or attachment 
could  instal  fraud  spyware  and/or  impact 
services.  If any phishing emails requesting a 
payment  to  be  made  are  received  and 
actioned,  KRM22  could  make  fraudulent 
payments resulting in financial loss. 

In  addition  to  SOC  2,  all  staff  are  provided  with  regular 
training  on  information  security  and  fraud  and  are 
expected  to  review  and  formally  acknowledge  the 
Company’s Information Security Code of Practice on an 
annual basis.  KRM22 has anti-virus software installed on 
all machines which is managed by central IT services and 
audited on a regular basis.  KRM22 has Cyber Essentials 
accreditation  which  provides  reassurance  that  it  has 
sufficient defences against the vast majority of common 
cyber attacks.  All bank payments require dual approval to 
mitigate the risk of an unapproved payment being made 
to a fraudulent third party. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

SECTION 172 STATEMENT 

Under section 172(1) of the Companies Act 2006, the Directors of a company have a duty to promote the success of the 
company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to: 

the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; 

the likely consequences of any decision in the long-term; 

a) 
b)  the interests of the company’s employees; 
c) 
d)  the impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; 
e) 
f) 

the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 
the need to act fairly as between members of the company. 

Set out below is a summary of how the Directors have performed their duty under section 172(1) of the Companies Act, 
including how the Board has engaged with key stakeholders during the year. 

Why engagement is important 

How Directors and/or management 
engage 

Strategic decisions in the year 

Customers 

Regular  customer  engagement  ensures 
that  KRM22  understands  customer 
expectations so that it can meet or exceed 
these requirements.  In addition, it allows 
management  to  understand  the  risk  of 
churn  and  take  corrective  action  to 
mitigate this risk.  

Investors 
Allows  communication  of  KRM22’s  long-
term  strategic  objectives  to  secure  the 
investors  ongoing  support  for  strategic 
objectives and provides an opportunity for 
investors to raise any questions. 

Face-to-face meetings with key customers 
and sales prospects are held on a regular 
basis. 

Open  dialogue  with  customers  and 
understanding  their  needs influenced  the 
product roadmap of ongoing development 
work  and  release  on new  features  in  the 
KRM22 product suite. 

With  the  support  of  TT,  a  strategic 
the 
decision  was  made 
conversion price to a fixed price of 46p to 
appease 
to 
maintain the investors ongoing support of 
KRM22’s long-term strategic objectives. 

investor  discontent  and 

to  amend 

with 

Loan”) 

KRM22 signed a new debt facility (the “TT 
Trading 
Convertible 
Technologies, Inc. (“TT”) on 17 June 2023 
and  the  agreement  allowed  for  TT  to 
convert  the  TT  Convertible  Loan  at  any 
time  at  the  lower  of  three  different  price 
  The  Investors  contacted  the 
points. 
Executive 
and 
Cavendish,  as  NOMAD,  to  express  their 
concerns  about  the  variability  of  the 
conversion price and the potential dilutive 
impact  to  existing  shareholders.    The 
Executive  Directors, 
together  with 
Cavendish,  worked  with  TT  and  the 
investors to agree a conversion price that 
was acceptable to the investors. 

Directors 

directly 

During the year, investors expressed their 
concerns  directly  with 
the  Executive 
Directors  about  the  potential  conflict  of 
interest around the role of Keith Todd as 
Executive Chairman of KRM22 whilst also 
being  CEO  of  TT,  KRM22’s 
largest 
shareholder and debt provider.  The Board 
listened to these concerns, and consulting 
with  Cavendish,  as  NOMAD,  and 
Fieldfisher,  as  its  Solicitors,  agreed  to 
review Board composition. 

to 

Regular Board meetings include a number 
of  standing  items,  including  conflicts  of 
interest.   Whilst  the  Board  took  action  to 
exclude  any  Board  member  with  a 
potential or actual conflict of interest from 
the relevant discussion topic, they made a 
strategic  decision 
review  Board 
composition  to  further  minimise  any 
potential conflicts of interest risks.  Whilst 
to  Board 
no  changes  were  made 
composition 
the  Board 
the  year, 
in 
changes  announced  on  7  March  2024 
demonstrate that action has been taken to 
avoid  any  negative  interpretation  of  one 
individual  combining  leading  the  Board 
whilst  also  bearing  some  executive 
responsibility for KRM22’s operations. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Strategic decisions in the year 

No  strategic  decisions were  made  in  the 
year affecting investors. 

No  strategic  decisions were  made  in  the 
year affecting the team. 

Why engagement is important 

Team 
Continuous  engagement  and  two-way 
communication with  staff  allows  staff  to 
understand  and  deliver  KRM22’s  long-
term  strategic  objectives.    Transparency 
and  openness  improve  motivation  and 
productivity  rates  and  helps  to  maintain 
low staff turnover. 

How Directors and/or management 
engage 

Following release of the Company’s FY22 
full year results and FY23 interim results in 
July and September 2023 respectively, the 
CEO and CFO met with individual investors 
to discuss the results. 

Monthly  “All  Hands”  meetings  in  which 
management  update  staff  on  company 
progress  with 
two-way  participation 
encouraged. 

Staff  appraisals  completed  twice  a  year 
with  a  review  of  accountabilities  and  the 
setting of objectives. 

Anonymous  monthly 
“pulse”  survey 
completed  with  results  discussed  by 
management  and  action  taken  where 
appropriate. 

Regular  visits  to  overseas  offices  by 
management. 

Suppliers 
Engagement  with  key  suppliers  ensures 
that  KRM22  operates 
its  business 
effectively and without disruption. 

KRM22  nominates  internal  resource  to 
manage  key  supplier  relationships  with 
regular  meetings  between  these  parties 
which is reported back to management. 

No  strategic  decisions were  made  in  the 
year affecting suppliers. 

Trading Technologies International, Inc., as strategic partner 
In December 2021, and as part of the TT 
investment in KRM22, both parties entered 
into  a  distribution  agreement  for  the 
distribution of KRM22 products into the TT 
significant 
customer 
opportunities for growth and cross selling.  
Collaborative engagement was important 
as it would enable products to be launched 
in a timely manner to help drive the growth 
of KRM22.  

A  project  team,  represented  by  key 
individuals from both parties, continue to 
meet  on  a  regular  basis  to  agree  on  the 
order  of  priority  for  making  KRM22 
products available to TT customers.  The 
team  meet  on  a  weekly  basis 
to 
collaborate  on  ideas  and  resolve  any 
operational and technical issues. 

base 

with 

Kestrel Partners, as debt provider 
Communication 
forward-looking 
of 
compliance  information  under  the  terms 
of the Kestrel Convertible Loan allows the 
Directors and Kestrel Partners to evaluate 
any  risks  and  agree  remedial  action  if 
required. 

KRM22 
reports  on  compliance  with 
financial covenants and provides forward-
looking compliance information at the end 
of each quarter.  In addition. the CEO and 
CFO  met  with  Kestrel  to  discuss  the 
underlying data and projections. 

A  strategic  decision  was  made  to  work 
with TT to help develop the next version of 
TT’s market surveillance product as there 
is  potential  for  significant  additional 
revenue  through  a  revenue  share  model, 
whilst  also  generating  immediate  annual 
recurring  and  non-recurring  revenue  for 
KRM22. 

Given that the original Kestrel Convertible 
Loan had a maturity date of 15 September 
2023, refinancing the debt facility became 
a priority at the start of 2023.  The CEO and 
CFO 
explored,  and  were  offered, 
alternative  sources  of  funding,  including 
new terms from Kestrel Partners, however 
after  detailed  consideration  the  Board 
agreed  to  proceed  with  the  term  sheet 
received  from  TT  and  on  17  June  2023 
KRM22 signed a new debt facility with TT 
to replace the Kestrel Convertible Loan. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Why engagement is important 

How Directors and/or management 
engage 

Strategic decisions in the year 

Trading Technologies International, Inc., as debt provider 

the 

As  with 
the  Kestrel 
terms  of 
Convertible Loan, the TT Convertible Loan 
includes  communication  of 
forward-
looking  compliance 
information  which 
allows  the  Directors  and  TT  to  evaluate 
any  risks  and  agree  remedial  action  if 
required. 

KRM22 
reports  on  compliance  with 
financial covenants and provides forward-
looking compliance information at the end 
of each quarter.  In addition to the CEO and 
CFO  meeting  with  TT  to  discuss  the 
underlying data and projections. 

No  strategic  decisions were  made  in  the 
year affecting TT as the debt provider. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance 

 
 
 
 
 
20 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Garry Jones 
Non-Executive Chairman 

Dan Carter 
Chief Executive Officer 

Kim Suter 
Chief Financial Officer 

Dan  became  CEO  of  KRM22  in 
March  2024,  having  previously 
served  as  Chief  Services  Officer 
and,  previous  to  that,  in  Business 
since  KRM22’s 
Development 
inception.    Dan  served  as  part  of 
the  KRM22  leadership  team  for 
two years prior to his appointment 
as  CEO,  leading  the  Company’s 
Services  operations  across  the 
entire KRM22 customer base. 

in 

Dan  has  17  years'  experience  in 
SaaS  software  financial  services 
technology 
capital 
firms 
markets.  Prior  to  joining  KRM22 
Dan worked at Colnvestor as Head 
of  Product  Management  & 
Operations.    He  also  worked  at 
ION, and prior to its acquisition by 
ION,  FFastFill  where  he  was 
responsible for the firms exchange 
connectivity  and  relationships  for 
front-office  market  data  and 
execution  and  middle  office 
clearing connectors. 

Kim  has  significant  experience  in 
building  and 
finance 
functions 
to  support  business 
growth. 

leading 

He  started  his  career  in  practice, 
covering  all  aspects  of  audit, 
financial  reporting  and  tax  for  a 
range of clients, providing him with 
a broad knowledge of how finance 
functions operate across different 
business sizes and industries.  Kim 
has  since  applied  this  knowledge 
to  support  structured  growth  at  a 
number  of  start-up  organisations 
prior to joining KRM22.   

Kim joined KRM22 in July 2018 as 
Head  of  Finance  to  set  up  the 
Finance  function  for  the  KRM22 
group.  He has served as CFO since 
July  2019,  with  responsibility  for 
Finance, HR and Legal, and joined 
the  KRM22  Board  in  April  2020.  
is  a  qualified  Chartered 
Kim 
Certified Accountant. 

operating 
and 

Garry  Jones  is  currently  CEO  of 
leading  technology 
NovaFori,  a 
in 
company 
the 
marketplace 
auction 
-  overlaying 
technology  space 
platform technology with machine 
learning  and  artificial  intelligence.  
As  well  as  being  Non-Executive 
is  a 
Chairman  of  KRM22,  he 
member of the Board of ICBCS, an 
emerging  markets 
investment 
bank. 

the 

three  of 

He  has  many  years’  experience  in 
financial  services,  and  has  been 
CEO  of 
largest 
derivatives and OTC exchanges in 
Europe:  BrokerTec,  LIFFE  and  the 
LME,  as  well  as  taking  leadership 
roles  in  the  parent  companies  of 
NYSE Euronext and HKEX. 

the 

He has contributed to the business 
change,  growth,  and  globalisation 
exchange  world  as 
in 
technology  has 
fundamentally 
changed  the  way  that  we  trade, 
driving  the  momentum  behind 
electronic  trading  and  increased 
efficiency 
trade 
in 
environment. 

the  post 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Keith Todd CBE 
Executive Director 

Sandy Broderick 
Non-Executive Director 

Steve Sparke 
Non-Executive Director 

Keith  has  over  40  years  of  global 
technology  business  experience 
from publicly listed and large multi-
nationals to start-up businesses. 

Keith  is  an  Executive  Director  of 
KRM22, having previously held the 
role  of  Executive  Chairman  and 
CEO  of KRM22.    As well  as  being 
an Executive Director of KRM22, he 
is  currently  CEO  of  Trading 
Technologies International, Inc. 

From  2002  to  2017  he  served  as 
Executive  Chairman  of  AIM  listed 
FFastFill  plc,  provider  of  SaaS  to 
the  global  derivatives  community.  
Keith  retained  this  position  even 
after FFastFill was acquired by Ion 
Group in 2013. 

to 

solutions 

He  was  Non-Executive  Chairman 
of AIM listed Aferian plc, a provider 
of  digital  TV  entertainment  and 
network 
cloud 
operators from 2005 to 2019.  He 
also  served  as  Non-Executive 
Chairman  of  UK  Broadband 
UK 
Stakeholder 
Government 
board), 
Easynet plc and Chief Executive of 
ICL plc. 

Group 
advisory 

(a 

Sandy  was  previously  Non-
Executive  Director  of  AIM  quoted 
regulatory  reporting  and collateral 
solutions 
risk  management 
Risk 
company, 
Management  plc,  which  was 
acquired by Vermeg Group. 

Lombard 

to 

Lombard 

Risk 
Prior 
Management he was CEO of DTCC 
DerivSERV,  where  he  led  the  roll 
out of its Global Trade Repository 
in  Europe  and  Asia,  as  well  as 
holding  the  CEO  position  of  New 
York  Portfolio  Clearing,  where  he 
oversaw 
its  development  and 
successful sale to ICE. 

During  Sandy’s  23  year  derivative 
trading career at Société Générale 
and Bank of America, he was at the 
centre 
industry 
initiatives  in  clearing  and  market 
infrastructure, 
including 
development  of  the  LCH  Clearnet 
SwapClear system. 

several 

of 

Sandy  was  Chairman  of  the  OTC 
Derivnet Board from 2011 to 2012.  
Currently  Sandy  works  with  a 
number of companies as an expert 
witness  for  Regulatory,  Trading 
and Competition issues. 

35 

first 

years, 

has  over 

years’ 
Steve 
experience  in  Financial  Services, 
trading  Interest  Rate  products  for 
15 
the 
and 
the  Exchange 
in 
subsequently 
Traded  Derivatives  (“ETD”)  and 
Commodity 
with 
extensive  board-level  experience 
for  global  ETD  and  Commodities 
organisations.   

industry 

Prior to his role as Vice Chairman, 
leading  the  Conduct  and  Culture 
initiatives of Marex, Steve spent 10 
years  as  Group  COO,  responsible 
for 
operating 
firm’s 
IT, 
environment, 
Operations,  Risk,  Compliance  and 
HR.   

including 

the 

Prior  to  Marex,  Steve  spent  20 
years  with  UBS  where  he  was 
Managing  Director  and  Global 
Head 
Exchange-Traded 
of 
Derivatives.   

Since  retiring  from  Marex,  Steve 
holds  NED  positions  on  the  UK 
Regulated Entities of TP ICAP and 
was  Non-Executive  Chairman  of 
FIA’s  European  Advisory  Board 
until  the  end  of  2019,  where  he 
continued  as  an  advisor  until 
March 2024.  Steve was previously 
a  NED  of  NYSE  Euronext  LIFFE 
(now ICE Europe) for over 10 years 
and was a NED at PATS Systems, 
an  AIM  quoted  DMA  system 
provider.  

Steve  has  a  Law  degree  from 
Nottingham University. 

Stephen Casner, CEO (resigned 6 March 2024) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

In applying a recognised corporate governance code, the Directors have adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance’s (“QCA”) 
Corporate  Governance  Code  for  small  and  mid-sized  quoted  companies  (“QCA  Code”).    The  principal  means  of 
communicating  our  application  of 
this  Annual  Report  and  on  our  website 
(www.krm22.com/investors). 

the  Code  are  detailed 

in 

The Directors believe that, in addition to being responsible for setting the strategic direction and managing risk across the 
business, they are responsible for good corporate governance, clear shareholder and stakeholder communications and 
monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  the  Executive  Directors.    The  Directors  believe  that  effective  corporate  governance, 
appropriate to KRM22, considering its size and stage of development, will assist in the delivery of corporate strategy, the 
generation of shareholder value and the safeguarding of shareholders’ long-term interests. 

This report follows the structure of the QCA Code guidelines and explains how the Board have applied the guidance as 
well as the reasons for any departures from the guidance.  On 13 November 2023, the QCA issued the third edition of its 
QCA code (the “QCA Code (2023)”) for accounting periods commencing on or after 1 April 2024 and the Directors are 
working towards compliance with the QCA Code (2023). 

At the centre of KRM22’s philosophy are four groups of stakeholders: 

•  Customers: Customers should enjoy doing business with KRM22, receive value for money and understand that 

KRM22 is aligned with their values. 
Investors: Investors should receive superior returns from KRM22, governed along established lines. 

• 
•  Team: The team should be highly motivated, well rewarded and believe in the Company vision. 
•  Community: The local and global community should see KRM22 as an asset. 

In adopting QCA principles, the Directors have ensured alignment with the goals of the Company’s stakeholders. 

QCA PRINCIPLES 
Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for shareholders 

KRM22 was admitted to trading on AIM, via an IPO, on 30 April 2018.  As part of this process, the Board determined the 
long-term vision of KRM22 and detailed the steps to achieve that strategy. 

The Board continues to review and refine the strategy of the business based on customer feedback, additional input from 
risk management experts at KRM22, shareholder feedback, debt provider feedback and employee participation which has 
led to a clearer definition of KRM22’s strategy.   

Corporate status: KRM22 (KRM:L) is a closed-ended investment company (CEIC) quoted on the Alternative Investment 
Market of the London Stock Exchange.  This means that the number of shares in the Company are known and the shares 
are traded on AIM.  KRM22 expects to convert to an operating company when its business develops to fit the necessary 
criteria. 

In adopting Principle 1, KRM22 is assisting investors to obtain longer-term superior returns. 

Principle 2: Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

The  Company’s  CEO  and  CFO  meet  institutional  shareholders,  fund  managers  and  analysts  at  least  twice  a  year  to 
understand how the strategy and the Board’s decisions impact on and are received by investors. 

The Annual General Meeting provides an opportunity for all shareholders to meet the Directors and raise any questions. 

Cavendish Capital Markets Limited (“Cavendish”) act as the Company’s NOMAD and broker. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Nominated Advisor (NOMAD): NOMADs are approved by the London Stock Exchange and must meet eligibility 
criteria set out in the AIM Rules for NOMADs.  In their role, Cavendish advises and guides the KRM22 Board on 
its responsibilities as an AIM quoted business and undertakes due diligence and works as the primary advisor of 
the business. 

Broker: Cavendish is also the appointed broker of KRM22.  In this role Cavendish facilitate communications with 
existing and potential new investors.  The CEO and CFO regularly meet investors together with representatives of 
the  broker.    Cavendish  also  advise  KRM22  on  shareholder  communications  on  its  website,  all  RNS  releases 
(Regulatory News Service – AIM) and will guide communications within the Annual Report. 

Investor queries can be directed to KRM22 by email to InvestorRelations@krm22.com.  All advisor details, including those 
of KRM22’s NOMAD and Auditors can be found on the last page of this report. 

In adopting Principle 2, KRM22 assures investors that the Company is aligned to their needs, expectations and values. 

Principle  3:  Take  into  account  wider  stakeholder  and  social  responsibilities  and  their  implications  for  long-term 
success 

The Board believes that KRM22 should be seen as an asset to its stakeholders, aligned with their values.  This is why the 
Board is working to establish an Environment, Social and Governance (“ESG”) programme. 

The  ESG  programme will  be  centred around  meeting  the  United Nations  17 Sustainable  Development  Goals  (“SDGs”) 
(https://sdgs.un.org/goals).  In order to work towards these SDGs, KRM22 will promote a culture of transparency and 
discussion amongst all four stakeholder groups. 

The first phase of the ESG programme, which KRM22 is in the process of undertaking, is an exercise to benchmark the 
Company against the SDGs with the aim of establishing the areas of focus for the remainder of the programme.  During 
this benchmarking phase, each stakeholder group will be considered and if necessary, consulted to establish alignment 
with their views and values. 

In addition to the ESG programme, KRM22 continually gathers feedback from all stakeholder groups. 

Methods of two-way communication include: 

Investors: See Principle 10 below. 

Customers: Regular meetings with existing and potential customers by the Revenue and Customer Service teams. 

Team: KRM22 communicates regularly with the cross-country, multi-national and diverse team in multiple ways.  Monthly 
internal company meetings are held where the Executive team update all staff on business-wide issues and encourage 
including  team-wide  easy-to-use 
team  participation. 
communication tools, formal performance appraisals are completed two times a year, with informal appraisals completed 
throughout  the  year,  a  monthly  “pulse”  where  staff  participate  on  an  anonymous  basis  to  help  the  Executive  team 
understand  the  mood  of  business  and  “all-employee”  announcements  (for  example,  on  new  customer  contract  wins, 
customer projects and other business-wide news). 

  In  addition,  KRM22  uses  centralised 

internal  systems 

Principle 3 provides the main methodology of meeting KRM22’s ESG goals across all stakeholder groups. 

Principle 4: Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation 

Good effective risk management is part of KRM22’s DNA and the Company has built the Risk Cockpit as a product to 
market and sell and also use internally to effectively manage risk throughout the Company.  Therefore, risk management 
is embedded in the culture of not only the KRM22 Board, but also the whole team. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Director experience in risk management: All the Directors have experience of building growing multi-national 
businesses and understand the risks and challenges that come with the journey.  Their sector and professional 
mix of skills is particularly relevant – see Principle 6. 

Team experience in risk management: The subject matter expertise within the multi-national team is very strong 
and includes experts in Trading and Corporate risk.  As a company dedicated to risk management technology, 
the KRM22 team has a high understanding and experience in managing risk. 

Risk Cockpit: The Risk Cockpit is an application that KRM22 has developed to allow CEOs and their teams to see 
real-time risk statuses and enable them to take action, in addition to managing specific projects.  KRM22 has 
implemented the Risk Cockpit internally to monitor and manage risks including the development of customer 
dashboards built on the Risk Cockpit framework. 

Controls and processes: The Directors are continually reviewing controls and processes in all key areas on an 
ongoing basis.   

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the Chair 

The Board comprises three executives which, throughout 2023, included Keith Todd as Executive Chairman, and three 
non-executives  which  encourages  healthy  challenge  and  debate  with  the  non-executives  providing  additional 
independence.  On 7 March 2024 Keith Todd relinquished the role of Executive Chairman, whilst remaining an executive 
director of the Company, and Garry Jones was appointed Non-Executive Chairman of KRM22. 

The principal role of the Chairman is to manage and to provide leadership to the Board of Directors of the Company and 
is accountable to the Board.  The principal role of the CEO is to make major corporate decisions, manage the overall 
operations and resources and act as the ultimate point of communication with stakeholders.  In keeping these two roles 
separate, KRM22 is adhering to the QCA guidelines for the role of Chairman and CEO to be held by two different people. 

The  Board  believes  strongly  that  a  mix  of  professional  skills,  risk  management  experience  and  capital  market 
understanding make a difference, as does diversity, and one of the responsibilities of the Nomination Committee is to 
undertake an annual assessment of Board Effectiveness which includes a review of skills, experience and composition. 

The KRM22 leadership is described on pages 20 – 21. 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities 

The Directors consider that the mix of professional skills, risk management experience and capital market understanding 
is key to the effectiveness of the Board and its Committees.  As such, the Board is very satisfied that the resulting mix of 
skills is suited to the sector, to the maturity and growth stage and for an AIM quoted business. 

Skills: Of the six Directors, five have worked within capital markets and two are qualified accountants.  All six Directors 
have experience of growing businesses and understand how risks need to be managed within a fast-growth environment. 

The Directors maintain their professional experience and skill set through Continued Professional Development (legal and 
financial), and constant contact with customers, sector experts and industry influencers, and by listening to feedback 
from all stakeholders. 

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 

The KRM22 Board has three Board Committees, each consisting of the three independent Non-Executive Directors.  See 
more details in Principle 9. 

The  responsibilities  of  the  Nomination  Committee  include  an  annual  assessment  of  Board  Effectiveness.    The  last 
assessment was completed in August 2023.  The Non-Executive Directors assessed the Board on: 

• 

risk management (including Going Concern); 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

the effectiveness of decision processes and decision making; 

•  adequacy of management information to make decisions and manage risk; 
• 
•  Board composition (mix of skills, experience, diversity, and adequate succession planning); 
• 
the effectiveness of each Director on the Board, whether Executive or Non-Executive; 
•  Board communication and organisation; and 
•  director induction and training. 

The  Nomination  Committee  regarded  the  Board’s  performance,  effectiveness  and  composition  as  appropriate 
considering the size of the Company however they continue to monitor the Board’s construction and remit.   

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

KRM22 has brought together different business and nationality cultures, through acquisitions and its own organic growth, 
and therefore the Board is very people-focused, including all stakeholders, whether internal or external. 

Team 

The aim of the Directors is to build and maintain a culture of transparency and performance and the Directors believe that 
empowerment of employees is key to delivering the strategy. 

KRM22’s three key company values are: 

focus wins; 

• 
•  business is a team game; and 
• 
clear accountabilities for all. 

All employees have access to an internal HR system which provides the full organisation chart across KRM22 and are 
assigned  accountabilities  which  the employee and their  line  manager  are  required  to  review and agree as  part of the 
appraisal  process.    This  helps  each  employee  understand  where  they  fit  within  the  organisation  and  how  their  work 
contributes to KRM22’s growth and performance. 

KRM22 has adopted corporate policies, staff handbooks and accounting policies which are aligned with the needs of the 
Group, each country and team.  Each member of the team is expected to sign and adhere to certain policies, including the 
Business Code of Conduct which outlines key responsibilities in terms of ethics.  As part of compliance with SOC 2, certain 
corporate policies and staff handbooks are required to be reviewed by all staff on an annual basis, thus ensuring that staff 
are reminded of the corporate culture, ethical values and behaviours which they are expected to uphold. 

In  addition,  and  for  full  transparency,  the  Board  has  adopted  whistleblowing  policies  for  employees  and  external 
stakeholders, including the choice of reporting to and excluding the CFO. 

As discussed in Principle 3, KRM22’s ESG programme is focused on meeting the United Nations 17 SDGs which promotes 
a strong ethical culture within all areas of the Company. 

Principle 9: Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making 
by the Board 

The Board of Directors is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the business, managing risks and monitoring 
performance  and  progress.    To  help  fulfil  these  responsibilities,  the  Directors  have  implemented  independent  Board 
Committees which together with the Matters Reserved for the Board, provide structure and formalisation of corporate 
governance. 

The  Board  is  provided  with  monthly  financial  and  non-financial  information  for  monitoring  performance and  to  make 
strategic decisions.  The Board has a formal schedule of Matters Reserved for the Board including approval of the annual 
budget, share subscriptions and acquisitions, together with standing items such as health and safety, conflicts of intertest 
and concerns reported through whistleblowing procedures.  The Board aims to meet for scheduled Board meetings ten 
times per year, plus ad hoc meetings as required.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26 

Risk Management 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The Company uses its own Risk Cockpit software tool to assess and monitor risks.  This has gradually replaced any list 
of risks in Excel or Word (often the basis for a “Risk Register”) and delivers much more visibility to the Directors on the 
performance KRM22 as a whole. 

Independence 

At  31  December  2023  the  Board  was  comprised  of  the  Executive  Chairman,  two  Executive  Directors  and  three  Non-
Executive Directors.  Three of the Non-Executive Directors are considered independent as they have not previously worked 
with the executive team.   

On 7 March 2024 Garry Jones was appointed Non-Executive Chairman of KRM22 following the decision by Keith Todd to 
relinquish the role of Executive Chairman whilst continuing to remain an executive director of the KRM22.  As a result of 
this  change,  KRM22  now  has  a  chair  who  is  a  non-executive  and  independent  which  provides  further  clarity  to 
stakeholders on independence, thus avoiding any negative interpretation of one individual combining leading the Board 
whilst also bearing some executive responsibility for KRM22’s operations. 

Under their letters of appointment, the Chairman has a time commitment of four days per month and the two remaining 
Non-Executive Directors have a time commitment of two days per month.  The executives employed as CEO and CFO are 
employed full-time (with time allowed for agreed external professional activities), with the remaining Executive Director, 
Keith  Todd,  required  to  provide  sufficient  hours  as  is  reasonably  required  for  the  performance  of  his  duties  and 
responsibilities.  All Directors are able to allocate sufficient time to KRM22 to fulfil their responsibilities. 

Twelve board meetings were held during the year. 

20 

Board meeting  
attendance 2023 
Executive Directors 
Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Non-Executive Directors 
Sandy Broderick 
Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 

Board committees 

Maximum possible  
meeting attendance 

Number of meetings  
attended 

% of meetings  
attended 

12 
12 
12 

12 
12 
12 

10 
12 
11 

10 
11 
9 

83 
100 
92 

83 
92 
75 

The  Directors  have  established  an  Audit  Committee,  a  Nomination  Committee  and  a  Remuneration  Committee  with 
formally delegated duties and responsibilities.  None of the Executive Directors are members of these Committees and, 
when invited to attend Committee meetings, it is to present information and not be part of the decision making. 

Principle  10:  Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 

All  financial  reports  and  publicly-available  information  is  published  in  the  investor  information  section  of  the  KRM22 
website (www.krm22.com/investors).  This includes AIM rule 26, significant shareholder information and details of the 
Directors’ roles and experience. 

The CEO and CFO meet with institutional fund investors to communicate progress and plans at least twice a year and 
have  met  them  at  other  times  where  appropriate.    In  addition,  the  CEO  and  CFO  meet  with  Trading  Technologies 
International,  Inc.  (“TT”)  to  report  on  financial  covenants  and  forward-looking  compliance  information  as  part  of  the 
reporting obligations of the TT Convertible Loan. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The Directors believe that these meetings provide valuable two-way communication and allow investors and TT, as debt 
provider,  to  provide  feedback.    Other  investors  are  provided  a  channel  for  communication  via  the  KRM22  investor 
information on the website and via email contact at InvestorRelations@krm22.com. 

The report of Board Committees is included in our Annual Report and Accounts each year.  When General Meetings are 
held, the Directors publish the results of votes on the KRM22 website in the Investor Information section.  

Internally KRM22 uses multiple team-tools to communicate – see Principle 3. 

Board Committees and Secretary 

The Board delegates authority to three committees to assist in meeting its business objectives while ensuring a sound 
system of internal control and risk management.  The committees meet independently of Board meetings. 

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee was established by a resolution of the Board on the recommendation of the Nomination Committee.  
The Audit Committee, which meets at least two times a year, consisted of Steve Sparke, Garry Jones and Sandy Broderick, 
all  of  whom  were  non-executive  directors  of  the  Company.    During  the  year  to  31  December  2023,  and  to  date,  the 
Committee was chaired by Steve Sparke.  The responsibilities of the Audit Committee are detailed in the Audit Committee 
report on page 28. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee, which meets at least once a year, consisted of Sandy Broderick, Garry Jones and Steve 
Sparke, all of whom were non-executive directors of the Company.  The Committee was established by a resolution of the 
Board on the recommendation of the Nomination Committee.  During the year to 31 December 2023, and to date, the 
Committee  was chaired  by  Sandy  Broderick.   The  responsibilities  of the Remuneration  Committee  are  detailed  in  the 
Remuneration Committee report on page 30. 

Nomination Committee 

The  Nomination  Committee, which  meets at  least  once  a  year,  consisted  of Sandy  Broderick,  Garry  Jones  and  Steve 
Sparke, all of whom are non-executive directors of the Company.  The Committee was established by a resolution of the 
Board.    During  the  year  to  31  December  2023,  and  to  date,  the  Committee  was  chaired  by  Sandy  Broderick.    The 
responsibilities of the Nomination Committee are detailed in the Nomination Committee report on page 33. 

For and on behalf of the Board 

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive Chairman 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Audit Committee is responsible for challenging the quality of internal and external controls and for ensuring that the 
financial performance of KRM22 is properly reviewed and reported. 

The Committee reviews reports on the interim and annual accounts, financial announcements, the Company’s accounting 
and financial control systems, changes to accounting policies, the extent of non-audit services undertaken by the external 
auditor and the appointment of the external auditor. 

During  the  year  the  Audit  Committee  reviewed  the  2022  annual  report,  2023  interim  report  and  the  associated 
announcements.  The Audit Committee considered the accounting policies and principles adopted in these accounts as 
well as significant accounting issues and areas of judgement and complexity. 

Composition 

The terms of reference for the Audit Committee require the committee to consist of preferably three members but not 
less than two members and that a majority of the members shall be independent non-executives with at least one of 
whom shall have recent relevant financial experience. 

Throughout 2023 the Audit Committee was composed of myself, Steve Sparke, as Chairman, Sandy Broderick and Garry 
Jones.  I have extensive board-level experience and have previously been the Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee 
at NYSE Euronext LIFFE (now ICE Europe) and, whilst working at Marex, the Internal Audit group reported to me, and I was 
a standing attendee of the Audit and Compliance committee.  The Board is of the view that we have recent and relevant 
financial  experience.    Kim  Suter  (CFO),  members  of  the  Finance  team  and  other  Executive  Directors  may  attend 
Committee  meetings  by  invitation.    The  Committee  formally  met  on  two  occasions  during  the  year.    However,  other 
informal discussions were held by Committee members during the year and since year end.  I report to the Board following 
an Audit Committee meeting and minutes are available to the Board. 

Role of the Committee 

The main duties of the Committee are set out in its terms of reference, which are available on KRM22’s website and the 
main items of business considered by the Committee in the year included: 

• 
• 

consideration of risk management and internal control systems; 
review and approval of the 2022 audit plan presented by KRM22’s auditor, BDO LLP, which set out the proposed 
scope of work, audit approach, materiality and identified key audit risk areas; 
review of the 2022 audited annual report and financial statements; 
consideration of key audit matters and how they are addressed; 
review of the unaudited 2023 interim report; 
review the suitability of the external auditor; and 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  meeting with the external auditor without management present. 

Financial Reporting 

The Committee reviews whether suitable accounting policies have been adopted and whether management has made 
appropriate  judgements  and  estimates.    The  Committee’s  remit  includes  reviews  of  accounting  papers  prepared  by 
management  providing  details  on  the  main  financial  reporting  judgements  as  well  as  assessments  of  the  impact  of 
potential new accounting standards. 

There were no material changes in accounting policy for the Committee to consider during 2023.  The Committee have 
concluded  that  the  annual  report  and  financial  statements  are  appropriately  prepared  and  provide  the  information 
necessary for shareholders to assess KRM22’s strategy and performance. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Risk management and interim controls 

The risk and control management framework of KRM22 is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
meet KRM22’s  objectives  and  the  system  can only  provide  reasonable and  not  absolute assurances  against material 
misstatement or loss.  KRM22 faces a number of risks, the significant ones of which are set out in the section on Principal 
risks and uncertainties on pages 13 – 15. 

Through the control systems outlined in the Statement of Corporate Governance on pages 22 – 27, KRM22 operates an 
ongoing process of identifying, evaluating and managing significant risks faced by the business.  This process includes 
the following: 

•  defined organisation structure and appropriate delegation of authority; 
• 
• 

formal authorisation procedure for investments; 
clear responsibility for management to maintain good financial control and the production and review of detailed, 
accurate and timely financial information; 
identification of operational risks and mitigation plans developed by senior management; and 
regular reports to the Board from Executive Directors. 

• 
• 

During the year, internal control processes have been monitored and reviewed by the Committee and the Board and, where 
necessary improvements, have been identified and implemented.   

External Auditor 

BDO was appointed auditor of KRM22 in 2018.  The Committee considers that its relationship with the auditor is working 
well and is satisfied with their effectiveness. 

The  Committee  is  responsible  for  implementing  a  suitable  policy  for  ensuring  that  non-audit  work  undertaken  by  the 
auditor is reviewed so that it will not impact their independence and objectivity.  The breakdown of fees between audit 
and  non-audit  services  is  provided  in  note  8  to KRM22’s  financial  statements.    The  non-audit  fees  primarily  relate  to 
taxation advice and compliance. 

As necessary, the Committee held private meetings with the auditor to review key items within its scope of responsibility.  
Taking into account the auditor’s knowledge of KRM22 and experience, the Committee has recommended to the Board 
that the auditor is reappointed for the year ending 31 December 2024. 

For and on behalf of the Audit Committee 

Steve Sparke 
Audit Committee Chairman 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Board has prepared this report in relation to all Directors who have served during the year to 31 December 2023.  As 
an AIM quoted company, KRM22 Plc is not required to provide the full disclosures required of fully  listed companies, 
however, the Board has chosen to provide the following details as a voluntary disclosure.  As a result, the Auditor is not 
required to and has not audited the information included in this report. 

Composition 

The terms of reference for the Remuneration Committee require the committee to consist of preferably three members 
but not less than two members and that a majority of the members shall be independent non-executives. 

Throughout 2023 the Committee was composed of myself (Sandy Broderick) as Chairman, Garry Jones and Steve Sparke. 

Role of the Committee 

The purpose of the Committee is to ensure that the executive directors and other key employees of KRM22 (together, 
“Executive  Directors”)  are  fairly  rewarded  for  their  individual  contribution  to  the  overall  performance  of  KRM22.    The 
Committee’s main role and responsibilities are to: 

•  have responsibility for setting the remuneration policy for Executive Directors and such other members of the 

executive management as it is designated to consider; 
recommend and monitor the level and structure of remuneration for senior management; 

• 
•  obtain  reliable,  up-to-date  information  about  remuneration  in  other  companies  of  comparable  scale  and 

complexity in the light of reviewing the ongoing appropriateness of and relevance of remuneration policy; 
review the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the Board; and 

• 
•  approve the design of, and determine targets for, any performance-related pay schemes operated by KRM22 and 

approve the annual payments made under such schemes. 

Remuneration Policy 

In setting the remuneration policy, the Committee recognises the need to be competitive in an international market.  The 
Committee’s policy is to set remuneration levels which ensure that the Executive Directors are fairly rewarded in line with 
high levels of performance and not in excess of market rates for comparable companies.  Remuneration policy is designed 
to support business growth strategies and to create a strong performance-oriented environment.  The policy must also 
attract,  retain,  and  motivate  high  calibre  individuals.    The  Remuneration  Committee  believes  that  a  successful 
remuneration policy must ensure that a significant proportion of the remuneration package is linked to the achievement 
of ambitious corporate performance targets and a strong alignment with the interests of shareholders. 

Consistent with the pay for performance policy, annual cash bonuses are linked to performance criteria.  Share options, 
restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and warrant awards (collectively “Equity Incentive Awards”) to Executive Directors are linked 
to performance as well as being time vested. 

Annual salary 

Salaries are set at a level appropriate for the role and the individual and are reviewed annually with effect from 1 April each 
year.  Adjustments are made, if required, to reflect company and individual performance and competitive pay levels.  The 
Non-Executive Director salaries were reviewed and amended with effect from 1 April 2023.  There were no changes to the 
Executive Director salaries or employment contracts in the year. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31 

Performance bonus 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

These are designed to reflect KRM22’s performance taking into account the performance of its peers, the markets in 
which KRM22 operates and the Executive Directors’ contribution to that performance.  No cash bonuses were paid to the 
Directors in the year. 

Equity Incentive Awards 

The following Equity Incentive Awards covering share options, RSUs and warrants were held by Directors in the year. 

Option holder 
Name 
Keith Todd 

Kim Suter 

Sandy Broderick 

Garry Jones 

Date of grant 
18/09/2020 

Exercise price 
£0.380 

Vesting period 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 

28/09/2018 
10/06/2019 
10/06/2019 
23/12/2019 
22/07/2020 
18/09/2020 
01/10/2020 
12/01/2021 
16/12/2022 

10/06/2019 
18/09/2020 
01/10/2020 

10/06/2019 
01/10/2020 

£1.000 
£0.850 
£0.850 
£0.525 
£0.300 
£0.380 
£0.380 
£0.365 
£0.630 

£0.850 
£0.380 
£0.380 

£0.850 
£0.380 

28/09/2018 – 27/09/2021 
10/06/2019 – 10/06/2022 
10/06/2019 – 01/03/2020 
23/12/2019 – 22/12/2022 
22/07/2020 – 22/08/2020 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 
01/10/2020 – 31/10/2020 
12/01/2021 – 12/02/2021 
16/12/2022 – 15/12/2025 

10/06/2019 – 03/04/2022 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2023 
01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

10/06/2019 – 03/04/2022 
01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

Steve Sparke 

01/10/2020 

£0.380 

01/10/2020 – 31/12/2020 

Total 

RSU holder 
Name 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Total 

Warrant holder 
name 
Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Total 

award 
Date of award 
18/09/2020 
30/11/2023 

Vesting period 
18/09/2020 – 17/09/2025 
30/11/2023 – 29/11/2028 

Date of grant 
30/04/2018 
24/04/2018 

Exercise price 
£1.00 
£1.00 

Vesting period 
30/04/2018 – 29/04/2021 
24/04/2018 – 23/04/2021 

Number of ordinary 
shares under option 
287,831 
287,831 
50,000 
50,000 
30,000 
60,000 
21,875 
124,342 
17,270 
17,979 
100,000 
471,466 
10,000 
59,210 
59,211 
128,421 
176,471 
49,342 
225,813 
59,211 
59,211 
1,172,742 

Number of ordinary 
shares under option 
253,162 
68,685 
321,847 

Warrants 
held 
3,300,000 
1,200,000 
4,500,000 

The 50,000 share options awarded to Kim Suter on 28 September 2018 automatically lapsed on 27 September 2023 as 
the performance condition, which formed part of the vesting conditions, was not achieved.   During the year, a total of 
608,344 RSUs were awarded, of which 68,685 were awarded to Kim Suter. 

Further information on Equity Incentive Awards is detailed in note 25 to the financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32 

Service contracts 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Following the Board changes announced on 7 March 2024, all Executive Directors have employment contracts which are 
subject to six months’ notice from either the executive or KRM22 at any given time.  Prior to this, the Executive Director 
employment contracts were subject to between six and twelve months notice from either the executive or KRM22. 

Non-Executive Directors’ fees are determined by the Executive Directors having regard to the need to attract high calibre 
individuals with the right experience, the anticipated time commitment to fulfil their duties and comparative fees paid in 
the market to which KRM22 operates.  They may be invited to participate in KRM22’s Equity Incentive Award schemes.   

Directors’ Emoluments 

The remuneration of the Executive and Non-Executive Directors (audited) for the year ended 31 December 2023 was as 
follows: 

Salary 
& Fees 
£’000 
60 
241 
161 
31 
26 
31 
550 

Benefits 
£’000 
17 
– 
4 
– 
– 
– 
21 

2023 
Share 
based 
payments 
£’000 
6 
23 
(9) 
1 
- 
– 
21 

Pension 
£’000 
– 
– 
9 
– 
– 
– 
9 

Total 
£’000 
83 
264 
165 
32 
26 
31 
601 

Salary 
& Fees 
£’000 
60 
244 
160 
31 
25 
30 
550 

Benefits 
£’000 
13 
– 
4 
– 
– 
– 
17 

2022 

Share 
based 
payments 
£’000 
8 
32 
10 
2 
2 
– 
54 

Pension 
£’000 
– 
– 
9 
– 
– 
– 
9 

Total 
£’000 
81 
276 
183 
33 
27 
30 
630 

Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Sandy Broderick 
Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 
Total 

The benefits relate to private medical insurance, life insurance, critical illness cover and income protection insurance for 
Directors and their immediate families. 

Directors’ Interests 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2023 had the following interest in the ordinary share capital of the Company 
as at that date: 

Director 

Keith Todd 
Stephen Casner 
Kim Suter 
Sandy Broderick 

Garry Jones 
Steve Sparke 

At 31 December 2023 
No. of ordinary shares of 10p each 

At 31 December 2022 
No. of ordinary shares of 10p each 

2,763,677 
513,143 
26,666 
11,765 

176,471 
273,236 

2,763,677 
513,143 
26,666 
11,765 

176,471 
273,236 

Sandy Broderick 

Remuneration Committee Chairman 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

NOMINATION COMMITTEE REPORT 

During 2023 the Nomination Committee was composed of Sandy Broderick, as Chairman, Garry Jones and Steve Sparke. 

The main duties of the Committee are set out in its terms of reference, which are available on KRM22’s website.  The 
Committee met on one occasion in 2023 to undertake an annual review of Board performance.   

The annual review of Board performance considered the time spent by Non-Executive board members, the structure, size 
and composition of the Board, the Board’s performance and the Nomination Committee’s performance.  The Committee 
concluded  that  the  Board’s  performance,  effectiveness  and  composition  was  appropriate  considering  the  size  of  the 
Company  and would  continue to  monitor the Board’s construction  and  remit.    In  considering  the  performance of  the 
Nomination Committee, the Committee deemed their performance as satisfactory and that everything within its scope 
had been considered satisfactorily. 

In addition to evaluating Board performance, the Committee considered the reappointment of Directors that were required 
to  retire  and  offer  themselves  for  reappointment  at  the  AGM  in  June  2023.    Having  reviewed  their  performance,  the 
Committee recommended to the Board that the retiring Directors be reappointed to the Board. 

Sandy Broderick 

Nomination Committee Chairman 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Directors present their report and the audited financial statements of KRM22 Plc (the “Company”) and its subsidiary 
companies  (together  “KRM22”,  the  “Group”),  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023.    An  indication  of  likely  future 
developments in the business is set out in the Strategic Report. 

Principal activities 

The  principal  activity  of  KRM22  is  the  development  and  sale  of  risk  management  software  to  the  financial  services 
industry. 

Directors 

The Directors of the Company who served throughout the  year and to the date of signing this report, except as noted 
below were: 

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive Chairman (previously Non-Executive Director until 6 March 2024) 

Dan Carter 

Chief Executive Officer (appointed 7 March 2024) 

Kim Suter 

Chief Financial Officer 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive Director (previously Executive Chairman until 6 March 2024) 

Sandy Broderick 

Non-Executive Director  

Steve Sparke 

Non-Executive Director 

Stephen Casner 

Previously Chief Executive Officer until 6 March 2024 (resigned 6 March 2024) 

Director indemnification and insurance 

KRM22 maintains Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance for each of its directors.  The insurance covers any liabilities 
that may arise to a third party, other than KRM22 or Company, for negligence, default or breach of trust or duty. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

Further detailed commentary on financial risk management is included in note 27. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35 

Liquidity risk 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

KRM22 seeks to manage financial risk by ensuring adequate liquidity is available to meet foreseeable needs and to invest 
cash assets safely and profitably.  Short-term flexibility is achieved by holding significant cash balances in KRM22’s main 
operational currencies, notably UK Sterling, US Dollar, Euro and Czech Kroner.  In addition, the TT Convertible Loan is for 
up to £5.0m and the remaining £0.5m of the £5.0m facility can be drawn down at any point by KRM22. 

Credit risk 

KRM22 is exposed to credit risk from its operations, primarily from trade receivables.  The credit risk is managed through 
setting payment terms and credit limits with its customers and, where possible, for revenue to be invoiced in advance of 
the service being provided. 

Foreign exchange risk 

KRM22 has significant operations in both the UK and overseas.  Revenue and costs are exposed to variations in exchange 
rates  and  therefore  reported  losses.    There  is  some  natural  hedging  of  transactional  foreign  exchange  risk,  however 
KRM22 remains subject to translation exchange risk. 

Overseas branches 

KRM22 has one branch outside the UK located in Czech Republic. 

Development 

KRM22 continues to dedicate resource to develop the Global Risk Platform and its suite of Trading (Limits Manager and 
Risk Manager) and Corporate (Risk Cockpit and Market Surveillance) risk management products. 

In accordance with IAS38 ‘Intangible Assets’, expenses are capitalised when it is probable that future economic benefits 
will be attributable to the asset and these costs can be measured reliably (see note 3).  For the year ended 31 December 
2023, total expenditure that has been capitalised on these projects totalled £1.1m (2022: £0.8m). 

Going Concern 

KRM22’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position 
are set out in the Strategic report on pages 9 – 18 and the financial position of KRM22, its cash flows, liquidity position 
and borrowing facilities are described in the notes to the financial statements, in particular in the consolidated cash flow 
statement on page 53 and in note 27 (financial instruments). 

These financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  The Directors have reviewed KRM22’s going 
concern position taking into account its current activities, budgeted performance and the factors likely to affect its future 
development,  which  are  set  out  in  this  Annual  Report,  and  include  KRM22’s  objectives,  policies  and  processes  for 
managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives and its exposure to credit and liquidity risks. 

The Directors have undertaken a significant assessment of the cashflow forecast covering a period of at least twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements.  Cashflow forecasts have been prepared based on a range 
of  scenarios  including,  but  not  limited  to,  existing  customer  churn  at  different  churn  rates,  no  new  contracted  sales 
revenue, delayed sales and a combination of these different scenarios. 

Having assessed the sensitivity analysis on cashflows, the key risks to KRM22 remaining a going concern and not being 
in breach of the financial covenants associated with the TT Convertible Loan is existing customers paying on payment 
terms and within 45 days of invoice, customer churn or up to 10%, conversion of some of the sales opportunities that are 
currently at contract negotiation stage and maintaining control of the cost base. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The time to close new customers and the value of each customer, which are deemed individually as high value and low 
volume in nature, is key to the forecast being achieved and KRM22 continuing to operate within its existing facilities, this 
being  KRM22’s  current  cash  balance  and  the  ability  to  drawdown  on  the  remaining  funds  available  through  the  TT 
Convertible Loan.  However, even if the forecast is achieved, there remains a material uncertainty around KRM22 operating 
within  the  financial  covenants  associated  with  TT  Convertible  Loan.    The  TT  Convertible  Loan  includes  financial 
covenants, reported at the end of each quarter, based on the Group’s financial performance and there is a risk that KRM22 
breaches the Cash Covenant, which requires KRM22 to retain a minimum amount of cash, on the 31 December 2024 and 
31 March 2025 measurement dates.  Failure to comply with a financial covenant will result in an Event of Default which 
may result in TT withdrawing the TT Convertible Loan with all accrued amounts becoming immediately due and payable 
which would result in KRM22 becoming insolvent.   

The Board have received a letter of support from TT that they would be willing to enter into discussions with KRM22 
around  amending  the  terms  of  the  TT  Convertible  Loan  to  ensure  that  KRM22  does  not  breach  the  Cash  Covenant.  
Amendments could include, but are not limited to, reducing the value of the Cash Covenant at each measurement date 
so that KRM22’s cash exceeds the minimum cash requirement on each measurement date, and deferring the accrued 
interest  payments that  are  due  on  31  December  2024 and  31  March  2025 to  30  June  2025  and  30  September  2025 
respectively.  If the TT Convertible Loan was not amened, KRM22 would be obliged to seek alternative resolution including 
implementing extensive cost reduction measures.  

The Directors have concluded that the circumstances set forth above indicates the existence of a material uncertainty 
that may cast significant doubt on KRM22’s ability to continue as a going concern.  However, given KRM22’s forecast, 
visible sales pipeline, working capital needs and letter of support from TT, the Directors have considered it appropriate to 
prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis and the financial statements do not include the adjustments 
that would be required if KRM22 were unable to continue as a going concern. 

See note 3 on page 56 for further information on going concern. 

Post year-end reporting date events 

On 7 March 2024, Dan Carter was appointed CEO of the Company, whilst Stephen Casner, a founder director and former 
CEO of the Company, resigned from KRM22.  In addition, Keith Todd relinquished his role as Executive Chairman, whilst 
remaining an Executive Director of the Company and Garry Jones succeeded Keith Todd as Non-Executive Chairman of 
the Company. 

On 10 April 2024, the Company issued 140,187 new ordinary shares of 10 pence each in the Company at a price of 85 
pence per Ordinary Share as consideration for a partial settlement of the deferred consideration payable in respect of the 
historical acquisition of Object+ Holding B.V. 

Substantial Shareholders 

As at 31 December 2023, the Shareholders listed below had a disclosable interest of 3% or more in the nominal value of 
the ordinary share capital of the Company. 

Trading Technologies International, Inc. 
Kestrel Partners 

KRM22 Concert Party 
Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management 
Cinnober Financial Technology AB 
Herald Investment Management 
Octopus Investments 

Number of 
ordinary shares 
8,916,584 
6,261,922 

4,392,827 

3,750,000 
2,654,434 
2,077,624 
1,134,308 

Percentage of 
ordinary shares % 
25.0 
17.6 

12.3 

10.5 
7.4 
5.8 
3.2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37 

Energy and carbon 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The  2018  Regulations  introduced  requirements  under Part  15  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  for  an  enhanced  group  of 
companies, which are defined as large by the Companies Act 2006, to disclose their annual energy use and greenhouse 
gas emissions, and related information.  The Group is not currently defined as large.  However given the Group’s values 
and taking account of its energy consumption has chosen to apply the 2018 Regulations.  KRM22 plc, itself consumes 
less than 40MWh and therefore as a low energy user, which negates the need to make detailed disclosures of its energy 
and  carbon  information.    Furthermore  and  taking  account  of  this,  it  has  applied  the  option  permitted  by  the  2018 
Regulations to exclude any energy and carbon information relating to its subsidiaries where the subsidiary would not itself 
be obliged to include if reporting on its own account; this applies to all subsidiaries within the group. 

Corporate governance 

The Company adopts the QCA Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (“QCA guidelines”) 
as set out on pages 22 – 27. 

Dividends 

No interim dividends were paid and the Directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend however the Directors 
may wish to do so in future years. 

Staff Equity Incentive Schemes 

Details of staff Equity Incentive Schemes are set out in note 25 to the financial statements. 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare  financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law, Directors 
have prepared the Group and Company financial statements in accordance with UK adopted international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  Under company law the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of the affairs of 
KRM22 and the Company and for the profit or loss of KRM22 and the Company for that period.  The Directors are also 
required  to  prepare  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  for  companies 
trading securities on the AIM. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are also required to: 

•  Select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently; 
•  Make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
•  State whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards in 

conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; and 

•  Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume the Group and 

Company will continue in business. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the 
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  They are 
also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38 

Website publication 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The Directors are responsible for ensuring that the annual report and the financial statements are made available on the 
Company’s website.  Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the 
United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in 
other jurisdictions.  The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors.  The 
Directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

Disclosure of information to the auditor 

Each of the Directors of the Company at the time when this report was approved confirms that: 

•  So far, as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information which the Company’s auditor is unaware; 

and 

•  He has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information.  This confirmation is 
given in accordance with Section 418(2) of the Act. 

Auditor 

BDO LLP was appointed as auditor to the Company and in accordance with Section 485 of the Companies Act 2006, a 
resolution proposing that they be reappointed will be tabled at a General Meeting. 

Approval 

The Directors’ report was approved on behalf of the Board by: 

Kim Suter 

Company Secretary 

21 May 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements 

 
 
 
 
 
40 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE 
MEMBERS OF KRM22 PLC 

Opinion on the financial statements 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the Group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in accordance with  UK  adopted  international 
accounting standards;  
the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of KRM22 Plc (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for 
the  year  ended  31  December  2023  which  comprise  the  consolidated  income  statement  and  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income for the Group, the consolidated statement of financial position for the Group, the Company 
statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of cash flows for the Group, the consolidated statement 
of changes in equity for the Group, Company statement of changes in equity, and notes to the consolidated financial 
statements, including material accounting policy information.  

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  Group  financial  statements  is 
applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards.  The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and  United  Kingdom 
Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law.  
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial  statements  section of our  report.   We  believe  that the audit evidence we  have obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Independence 

We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

Material uncertainty relating to going concern  

We draw attention to note 3 in the financial statements, which indicates that the Group and the Parent Company are 
dependent on amending the terms of the convertible loan to ensure the cash covenants are not breached, which is 
not guaranteed.  These events or conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 3, indicate that a material 
uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as 
going concerns.  Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Because of the material uncertainty noted above, judgements made by management, and the significance of this area, 
we have determined going concern to be a key audit matter. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment of the Group 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
41 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

and the Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting and in response to the 
key audit matter included: 

•  We obtained an understanding of the business model, objectives, strategies and related business risk, the 
measurement and review of the entity’s financial performance including forecasting and budgeting processes 
and the entity’s risk assessment process. 

•  We  assessed  Director’s  assumptions  including  the  reliability  of  underlying  data  used  to  make  the 
assumptions,  whether  assumptions  and  changes  to  assumptions  from  prior  years  are  appropriate  and 
consistent with each other.  

•  We  challenged  Directors’  plans  for  future  actions  in  relation  to  the  going  concern  assessment  including 

whether such plans are feasible in the circumstances.  

•  We evaluated the base case of the cash forecast prepared by the Directors and performed appropriate audit 
procedures around the various scenarios. We also reviewed correspondence with the lender regarding the 
future plans for the debt facility.  

•  We critically evaluated the reasonableness of the proposed mitigations and Director's ability to implement 

them within 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. 

•  We assessed adequacy and appropriateness of disclosures in the financial statements regarding the going 

concern assessment. 

In  auditing  the  financial  statements,  we  have  concluded  that  the  Directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.  

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report. 

Overview 

Coverage 

91% (2022: 90%) of Group loss before tax 

95% (2022: 94%) of Group revenue 

95% (2022: 95%) of Group total assets 

Key audit matters 

2023 

2022 

Revenue Recognition 

Impairment of intangible assets 
(including Goodwill) 

Going Concern 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

- 

Materiality 

Group financial statements as a whole 

£198,000 (2022: £198,000) based 2% of Total expenditures (2022: 6.05% of Loss 
before tax). 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the Group’s 
system of internal control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements.  We also 
addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was evidence of 
bias by the Directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

In establishing the overall approach to the Group audit, we assessed the audit significance of each component in the 
Group by reference to both its individual financial significance to the Group or other specific nature or circumstances.  
We identified four individually significant components and two entities with specific procedures which makes up 91% 
of Group loss before tax and also covers 95% of the total assets of the Group.  

The significant components in all territories were audited by the Group audit team, as the Group’s finance team and 
information for all territories are based within the UK and to this extent: 

•  The Group audit team performed full scope audits for KRM22 Plc and its subsidiaries KRM22 Central Limited, 

KRM22 Americas Inc and KRM22 ProOpticus LLC.  

•  The Group audit team performed specified audit procedures around Intangibles, Deferred consideration for 

KRM22 Development Ltd and KRM22 Netherlands BV due to their significance to the Group; and 

•  The  remaining  components  not  subject  to  full  scope  audit  or  specific  procedures  have  been  reviewed  for 
Group reporting purposes, by the Group auditor, using analytic procedures to corroborate the conclusions 
reached that there are no significant risks of material misstatement of the aggregated financial information 
of these components.  

The Group audit team performed the audit of 95% of the Group revenue using the materiality levels set out above.  

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit 
strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team.   These matters 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, 
and  we  do  not  provide  a  separate  opinion  on  these  matters.    In  addition  to  the  matter  described  in  the  Material 
uncertainty related to going concern section above, we have determined the matters below to be the key audit matters 
to be communicated in our report. 

Key audit matter  

Revenue 
Recognition 
(Note 3,4 and 
5) 

As disclosed in Note 3, the Group, as a software 
business, generates revenue primarily from the 
sale  of  recurring  software  as a  service  license, 
from  software 
and  non-recurring 
implementation and set up services. 

revenue 

• 

• 

The  key  audit  matter  related  to  revenue 
recognition is a risk of material misstatement in 
• 
relation  to  the  disclosure  of  ARR  (annual 
revenue).  While  a  non-statutory 
recurring 
measure  it  is  one  of  the  key  performance 
• 
to  ensure  each  revenue  stream  had  a 
indicators  and  a  financial  covenant  for  the 
standalone value and that revenue is not 
borrowings  which  means  there  exists  a  fraud 
risk over completeness, accuracy and disclosure 
recorded 
inaccurately 
recognised 
of the balance.  
prematurely.  

/ 

• 

• 

Impairment 
of  intangible 
assets 
(including 
Goodwill) 
(Note  3  and 
13) 

Taking account of the Group’s accounting policy 
in  note  3,  and  as  disclosed  in  note  13,  the 
Directors have  determined an impairment in the 
current year of £1.5m of goodwill.  

This  has  been  determined  based  on a  value  in 
use  model,  based on  revenue  and cost  growth 

How  the  scope  of  our  audit  addressed  the  key 
audit matter 
• 

We performed the following specific testing: 

to 

•  We  have  obtained  a  listing  of  the  ARR 
contracts 
completeness, 
test 
accuracy  of  the  balance  to  underlying 
records  and  performed  substantive 
procedures  to  test  the  accuracy  and 
presentation of the revenue by agreeing 
the  ARR  workings  to  the    contracts 
sampled within our revenue testing. 

Key observations: 

Based on the work performed we consider that 
ARR has been presented appropriately. 

Our audit procedures included the following: 

•  We challenged management’s inputs to 
the  impairment  assessment  -  growth 
rate,  weighted  average  cost  of  capital, 
terminal value and model based on our 
knowledge of the Group’s business and 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
43 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

assumptions, to assess the recoverability of the 
intangible assets (including goodwill).  

There  are  significant  estimated  involved  in  the 
determination of the recoverable amount of the 
intangibles (including goodwill). 

to  date.  We 

further 
performance 
involved  our  internal  valuation  team 
(experts) to review the model and inputs 
to 
impairment 
assessment. 

the  management 

•  We considered whether the discounted 
cash  flow  model  applied  to  value  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  intangibles 
appropriately  supports  the  asset  value 
following 
being 
recognised  

impairment 

the 

•  We  checked  that  the  forecast  figures 
included  within  the  model  had  been 
approved  by  the  Board  and  the  base 
case  scenario  was  consistent  with 
information  obtained 
in  other  audit 
procedures  as  well  as  considering  the 
overall  sales  pipeline 
identified  by 
management.  

•  We  assessed  the  adequacy  of  the 
financial  reporting  requirements  of  the 
and 
related 
disclosures  in  the  financial  statements 
against 
the 
the 
accounting standards.  

requirements  of 

accounting 

policies 

•  We  have  assessed  and  compared  the 
current  market  capitalisation  with  the 
carrying  value  of  the  Goodwill  and 
Intangibles.  

Key observations 

that  management’s  estimates 

the  procedures  performed,  we 
Based  on 
in 
consider 
determining 
recoverable  amount  of 
intangibles  including  goodwill  are  reasonable. 
We consider the disclosure within the accounts 
is appropriate 

the 

Our application of materiality 

We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  both  in  planning  and  performing  our  audit,  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements.  We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could 
influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements.  

In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a 
lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed.  Importantly, misstatements 
below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified 
misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial 
statements as a whole.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
44 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  and 
performance materiality as follows: 

Group financial statements 

Parent company financial statements 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022 

Materiality 

£198,000 

£198,000 

£5,800 

£31,240 

2% 
expenditures 

of 

total 

6.05% 
before tax 

of 

losses 

2% of total assets 

1.3% of total assets 

A  primary  driver  for 
the results in the year 
as the group remains 
loss making. 

A primary KPI used 
by management to 
assess the 
performance of the 
business. 

As a holding company an asset-based metric 
was considered most appropriate. 

£138,000 

£138,000 

£4,000 

£21,868 

A number of factors including the expected total value of known and likely misstatements 
(based on past experience and other factors) and management’s attitude towards proposed 
adjustments. 

A number of conditions leading to setting performance materiality closer to materiality. 

Basis for 
determining 
materiality 

Rationale for the 
benchmark applied 

Performance 
materiality 

Basis for 
determining 
performance 
materiality 

Rationale for the 
percentage 
applied for 
performance 
materiality 

Component materiality 

For the purposes of our Group audit opinion, we set materiality for each significant component of the Group, apart 
from the Parent Company whose materiality is set out above, based on a percentage of between 50% and 75% (2022: 
50% and 75%) of Group materiality dependent on the size and our assessment of the risk of material misstatement of 
that component.  Component materiality ranged from £95,000 to £148,500, (2022: £55,000 to £148,500).  In the audit 
of  each  component,  we  further  applied  performance  materiality  levels  of  70%  (2022:  70%)  of  the  component 
materiality  to  our  testing  to  ensure  that  the  risk  of  errors  exceeding  component  materiality  was  appropriately 
mitigated. 

Reporting threshold 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all individual audit differences in excess of £9,900 
(2022:£9,900).  We also agreed to report differences below this threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on 
qualitative grounds. 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the information included in 
the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.   Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we 
do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.   If we identify such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to 
a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  themselves.    If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we 
conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Other Companies Act 2006 reporting 

Based on the responsibilities described below and our work performed during the course of the audit, we are required 
by the Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions and matters as described below.   

Strategic report 
and Directors’ 
report  

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report for the financial year 
for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; 
and 
the  Strategic  report  and  the  Directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which 
we are required to 
report by 
exception 

In  the  light  of  the knowledge  and  understanding of the  Group  and Parent  Company  and  its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements 
in the strategic report or the Directors’ report. 

We  have  nothing  to  report  in  respect  of  the  following  matters  in  relation  to  which  the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 
•  adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept  by  the  Parent  Company,  or  returns 

• 

adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  are  not  in  agreement  with  the  accounting 
records and returns; or 
• 
certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of Directors 

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ responsibilities, the Directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and  the  Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using 
the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company 
or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion.  
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.  Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  influence  the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations.  We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud.  The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 

Non-compliance with laws and regulations 

Based on: 

•  Our understanding of the Group and the industry in which it operates; 
•  Discussion with management and those charged with governance including Audit Committee; and 
•  Obtaining  and  understanding  of the Group’s  policies and  procedures  regarding  compliance  with  laws and 

regulations;  

we considered the significant laws and regulations to be the applicable accounting framework, UK tax legislation, AIM 
Listing Rules and Companies Act 2006.. 

The Group is also subject to laws and regulations where the consequence of non-compliance could have a material 
effect  on  the  amount  or  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements,  for  example  through  the  imposition  of  fines  or 
litigations. We identified such laws and regulations to be the health and safety legislation. 

Our procedures in respect of the above included: 

•  Review of minutes of meeting of those charged with governance for any instances of non-compliance with 

laws and regulations; 

•  Review of correspondence with regulatory and tax authorities for any instances of non-compliance with laws 

and regulations; and 

•  Review of financial statement disclosures and agreeing to supporting documentation; 

Fraud 

We  assessed  the  susceptibility  of  the  financial  statements  to  material  misstatement,  including  fraud.  Our  risk 
assessment procedures included: 

•  Enquiry with management and those charged with governance also considered Audit Committee regarding 

any known or suspected instances of fraud; 

•  Obtaining an understanding of the Group’s policies and procedures relating to: 

o  Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud; and  
o 

Internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud.  

•  Review of minutes of meeting of those charged with governance for any known or suspected instances of 

fraud; 

•  Discussion  amongst  the  engagement  team  as  to  how  and  where  fraud  might  occur  in  the  financial 

statements; 

•  Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks 

of material misstatement due to fraud; and 

•  Considering remuneration incentive schemes and performance targets and the related financial statement 

areas impacted by these;  

Based on our risk assessment, we considered the areas most susceptible to fraud to be Management override and 
revenue recognition. 

Our procedures, in addition to those set out in the Key Audit Matter regarding Management override, in respect of the 
above included:  

•  A  review  and  verification  of  specific  journal  entries  made  in  the  year,  agreeing  the  journals  to  supporting 
documentation and considering whether they are appropriate.  We determined key risk characteristics, such 
as unusual pairings with a particular emphasis on revenue journals;  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
47 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

•  A critical review of the consolidation and, in particular, manual “top side journals” or late journals posted at 

consolidated level;  

•  A review of estimates and judgements applied by Management in the financial statements to assess their 

appropriateness and the existence of any systematic bias; and  

•  Review of unadjusted audit differences for indications of bias or deliberate misstatement  

Our procedures, in addition to those set out in the Key Audit Matter regarding Revenue in respect of the above included: 

•  Testing journal entry data through the year for completeness and reliability of the data; 
•  Testing a sample of journal entries throughout the year, which met a defined risk criteria, such as unusual 
journals  by  agreeing  to  supporting 

combination  with  particular  emphasis  on  revenue  and  cash 
documentation; 

•  Assessing  significant  estimates  made  by  management  in  the  financial  statement  and  to  assess  their 

appropriateness and the existence of any systematic bias; 

•  Review of unadjusted audit differences for indications of bias or deliberate misstatement; and 
•  A critical review of the consolidation and, in particular, manual “top side journals” or late journals posted at 

consolidated level; 

We also communicated  relevant  identified  laws  and  regulations and  potential  fraud  risks to all  engagement team 
members who were all deemed to have appropriate competence and capabilities and remained alert to any indications 
of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.  

Our  audit  procedures  were  designed  to  respond  to  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements, 
recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting 
one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or 
through collusion.  There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-
compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the 
less likely we are to become aware of it. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  is  available  on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at: 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of 
the  Companies  Act  2006.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  Parent  Company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the 
Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Matthew Haverson (Senior Statutory Auditor) 

For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor 

London, UK 

Date: 22 May 2024 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT AND 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE 
GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Other operating income 
Administrative expenses 

Operating  loss  before  interest,  taxation,  depreciation,  amortisation,  share 
based payment and exceptional items (“Adjusted EBITDA”) 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Impairment on intangible assets 
Profit on disposal of tangible/intangible assets 
Deferred consideration write back 
Gain on extinguishment of debt (net) 
Unrealised foreign exchange (loss)/gain 
Acquisition, funding and debt related expenses 
Share-based payment credit/(charge) 

Operating loss 
Finance charge (net) 

Loss before taxation 
Taxation credit 
Loss for the year 
Loss for the year attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent 

Other comprehensive income 
Item that may be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss: 
Exchange gain/(loss) on translation of foreign operations 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to: 
Equity shareholders of the parent 

Loss per ordinary share 
Basic losses share 
Diluted losses per share 

All amounts relate to continuing activities. 

Note 
5 

6 

7 

10 

11 

12 
12 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements. 

2023 
£’000 
5,266 
(1,145) 
4,121 
142 

(8,788) 

(1,399) 

(1,298) 
(1,593) 
– 
115 
127 
(539) 
(38) 
100 

(4,525) 
(353) 

(4,878) 
259 
(4,619) 

(4,619) 

(4,619) 

334 

(4,285) 

(4,285) 

(4,285) 

(13.0p) 
(13.0p) 

2022 
£’000 
4,273 
(955) 
3,318 
131 

(6,077) 

(1,684) 

(1,637) 
– 
14 
– 
– 
812 
– 
(133) 

(2,628) 
(641) 

(3,269) 
168 
(3,101) 

(3,101) 

(3,101) 

(563) 

(3,664) 

(3,664) 

(3,664) 

(8.7p) 
(8.7p) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 
POSITION FOR THE GROUP 

As at 31 December 2023 

Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Right of use assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities  
Loans and borrowings 
Derivative financial liability  

Net current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities  
Loans and borrowings 
Deferred tax liability 

Total liabilities 
Net (liabilities)/assets 
Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger reserve 
Convertible debt reserve 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained deficit 
Total equity 

Note 

13 
13 
14 
20 

16 
18 

19 
20 
21 
21 

19 
20 
21 
22 

24 

25 

2023 
£’000 

3,516 
2,105 
21 
136 
5,778 

1,142 
886 
2,028 
7,806 

3,900 
369 
391 
196 
4,856 
(2,828) 

– 
– 
3,887 
164 
4,051 
8,907 
(1,101) 

3,567 
20,517 
(190) 
327 
(114) 
2,945 
(28,153) 
(1,101) 

2022 
£’000 

5,167 
2,244 
11 
369 
7,791 

1,462 
1,900 
3,362 
11,153 

3,853 
493 
2,974 
255 
7,575 
(4,213) 

30 
122 
– 
245 
397 
7,972 
3,181 

3,567 
20,517 
(190) 
224 
(448) 
3,045 
(23,534) 
3,181 

The financial statements were approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 21 May 2024 and are signed on its 
behalf by: 

Kim Suter 
Company Secretary 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

As at 31 December 2023 

Non-current assets 
Investments 
Intercompany loans 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 

Net current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 

Total liabilities 
Net liabilities 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Convertible debt reserve 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained earnings 
Total equity 

Note 

15 
16 

16 
18 

19 
21 

21 

24 

25 

2023 
£’000 

1 
– 
1 

82 
214 
296 
297 

195 
391 
586 
(289) 

3,887 
3,887 
4,473 
(4,176) 

3,567 
20,517 
327 
2,945 
(31,532) 
(4,176) 

2022 
£’000 

732 
77 
809 

96 
1,475 
1,571 
2,380 

170 
2,974 
3,144 
(1,573) 

– 
– 
3,144 
(764) 

3,567 
20,517 
224 
3,045 
(28,117) 
(764) 

As  permitted  by  s408  Companies  Act  2006,  the  Company  has  not  prepared  its  own  statement  of comprehensive 
Income and related notes.  The Company’s loss for the year was £3,415,000 (2022: loss of £3,392,000). 

The financial statements were approved by the Board and authorised for issue  21 May 2024 and are signed on its 
behalf by: 

Kim Suter 

Company Secretary 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
51 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN 
EQUITY FOR THE GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

At 1 January 2023 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
gain 
Total comprehensive 
gain/(loss) 
Convertible debt option 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
Shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
(190) 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 
£’000 
(448) 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
3,045 
– 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(23,534) 
(4,619) 

Total 
equity 
£’000 
3,181 
(4,619) 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
103 
– 

327 

334 

334 
– 
– 

– 

– 

334 

– 
– 
(100) 

(4,619) 
– 
– 

(4,285) 
103 
(100) 

(114) 

2,945 

(28,153) 

(1,101) 

At 31 December 2023 

3,567 

20,517 

(190) 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

At 1 January 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
loss 
Total comprehensive 
loss 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
Shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 

Merger 
reserve 
£’000 
(190) 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 
£’000 
115 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,912 
– 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(20,433) 
(3,101) 

Total 
Equity 
£’000 
6,712 
(3,101) 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 

(563) 

(563) 
– 

(448) 

– 

– 
133 

– 

(563) 

(3,101) 
– 

(3,664) 
133 

3,045 

(23,534) 

3,181 

At 31 December 2022 

3,567 

20,517 

(190) 

224 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

As at 1 January 2023 
Loss for the year 
Convertible debt option 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 
– 
– 

Share 
premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 
– 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 
103 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
3,045 
– 
– 
(100) 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(28,117) 
(3,415) 
– 
– 

Total 
Equity 
£’000 
(764) 
(3,415) 
103 
(100) 

As at 31 December 2023 

3,567 

20,517 

327 

2,945 

(31,532) 

(4,176) 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

As at 1 January 2022 
Loss for the year 
Share-based payments 

Ordinary 
Shares 
£’000 
3,567 
– 
– 

Share 
Premium 
£’000 
20,517 
– 
– 

Convertible 
debt reserve 
£’000 
224 
– 
– 

SBP 
Reserve 
£’000 
2,912 
– 
133 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 
(24,725) 
(3,392) 
– 

As at 31 December 2022 

3,567 

20,517 

224 

3,045 

(28,117) 

Total 
Equity 
£’000 
2,495 
(3,392) 
133 

(764) 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
53 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR 
THE GROUP 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year 

Adjustments for: 
Tax credit 
Net finance expense 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and right of use assets 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Profit on disposal of intangible/tangible assets 
Deferred consideration write back 
Gain on extinguishment of debt 
Unrealised loss/(gain) on non-GBP denominated loans 
Equity-settled share-based payment (credit)/expense 

Income taxes received 

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 
Net cash flows used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition deferred consideration payment 
Purchase of intangible assets 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Lease payments principal 
Lease payments interest 
Receipts from borrowings 
Interest paid 
Repayments of borrowings 
Net cash from/(used in) financing activities 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year  
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

The notes on pages 54 to 83 form part of these financial statements. 

2023 
£’000 

2022 
£’000 

(4,619) 

(3,101) 

(259) 
353 
1,059 
239 
1,593 
– 
(115) 
(127) 
539 
(100) 

186 
(1,251) 
320 
52 
(879) 

(43) 
(1,105) 
(16) 
(1,164) 

(232) 
(18) 
4,500 
(208) 
(3,000) 
1,042 
(1,001) 

1,900 
(13) 
886 

(168) 
641 
1,324 
313 
– 
3) 
(14) 
– 
– 
3) 
(812) 
133 

3) 

97 
(1,587) 
(721) 
187 
(2,121) 

– 
3) 
(840) 
(8) 
(848) 

(217) 
(33) 
– 
(285) 
– 
(535) 
(3,504) 

5,362 
42 
1,900 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS 

For the year ended 31 December 2023 

1.  General information 

KRM22 Plc, (the “Company”), is a public company, limited by shares and is quoted on the Alternative Investment Market 
(“AIM”).  The Company is incorporated and domiciled in the UK.  The registered office is 5 Ireland Yard, London, EC4V 
5EH. 

The principal activity of the Company, and together with its subsidiaries (“KRM22”, the “Group”), is to develop and 
invest in leading risk tools to support enterprise, market, compliance, operational and technology risks. 

2.  Basis of Preparation and Consolidation 

Basis of preparation 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  UK  Adopted 
international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards 
the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

The financial information has been prepared on the historical cost basis except that financial instruments are stated 
at the fair value. 

The  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  Sterling,  which  is  the  functional  currency  of  the  Parent  Company  too.  
Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £’000. 

KRM22 applied all standards and interpretations issued by the IASB that were effective as of 1 January 2023.  The 
accounting policies set out below have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all years presented in 
this financial information. 

The  preparation  of  the  financial  statements,  in  conformity  with  UK  Adopted  international  accounting  standards, 
requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates.  It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the 
process of applying KRM22’s accounting policies.  The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or 
areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in note 
4. 

Adoption of new and revised standards 

The following new accounting standards have been adopted by the Group in the annual financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2023, and the effect on the Group’s accounting policies is detailed below: 

I. 

Amendments  to  IAS  1  Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  and  IFRS  Practice  Statement  2  Making 
Materiality Judgements – Disclosure of Accounting Policies 

In February 2021, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS 
Practice  Statement  2.    The  amendments  to  IAS  1  require  the  disclosure  of  material  accounting  policy 
information  rather  than  significant  accounting  policies.    The  amendments  to  IFRS  Practice  Statement  2 
provide guidance on how to apply the concept of materiality to accounting policy disclosures.  The Group have 
revised the accounting policy disclosures to align to the amended requirements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55 

II. 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Amendments to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors  – Definition of 
Accounting Estimates 

In February 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 8 to clarify how to distinguish changes in accounting 
policies  from  changes  to  accounting  estimates.    This  amendment  has  had  no  impact  on  the  financial 
statements as there have been no changes to accounting policies in the year. 

III. 

Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes – Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single 
Transaction 

In May 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 12 to require deferred tax to be recognised on transactions 
that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences.  This 
has had no material impact on the financial statements as the Group’s existing approach does not result in a 
materially different outcome to applying the new amendments.  

On 23 May 2023, the IASB issued International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules - Amendments to IAS 12.  
The Group has applied the mandatory temporary exception to the accounting for deferred taxes arising from 
the jurisdictional implementation of the Pillar Two rules set out therein. 

Standards, amendments and interpretations to published standards not yet effective 

There are a number of new standards and amendments to and interpretations of existing standards, which have been 
published and are not yet mandatory and which the Group has decided not to adopt early, as below: 

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current 
(not EU endorsed) 
Amendments to IFRS 16: Leases – Lease Liability in a Sale-and-Leaseback 
Amendments  to  IAS  7:  Statement  of  Cash  Flows  and  IFRS  7  Financial 
Instruments – Supplier Finance Arrangements 
Amendments to IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates – 
Lack of exchangeability 

Basis of consolidation 

Effective date for 
annual periods 
beginning 
on/after 

Issue 
date 

Expected 
Impact 

23-Jan-20 
22-Sep-22 

01-Jan-24 
01-Jan-24 

None 
None 

25-May-23 

01-Jan-24 

None 

01-Aug-23 

01-Jan-25 

None 

The  financial  information  represents  the  consolidated  financial  information  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
(“KRM22”, the “Group”) as if they are formed  as a single entity.  Intercompany transactions and balances between 
KRM22  companies  are  therefore  eliminated  in  full.    The  results  of  subsidiary  undertakings  are  included  in  the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases.  The Company controls a subsidiary if all three of the following elements are present: 

•  power over the investee; 
• 
• 

exposure to variable returns from the investee; and 
the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. 

Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements 
of control.  In assessing control, KRM22 takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. 

On 19 April 2018, KRM22 Plc, a company under common control of the KRM22 Central Limited shareholders, acquired 
KRM22 Central Limited from its shareholders in return for an issue of shares.  As a combination of entities under 
common control, the transaction falls outside the scope of the standard IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’. 

Paragraph 10 of IAS8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors requires management to use 
its judgement in developing and applying a policy that is relevant, reliable, represents faithfully the transaction, reflects 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

the economic substance of the transaction, is neutral, is prudent and is complete in all material respects when selecting 
appropriate methodology for consolidation accounting. 

In  the absence  of  IFRS  guidance,  KRM22  has  applied merger accounting  in accordance with ‘FRS102: Section  19 
Business Combinations and Goodwill’, as the business combination meets the requirements set out in paragraph 27, 
namely: 

• 
• 

the use of the merger accounting method is not prohibited by company law or other relevant legislation; 
the ultimate equity holders remain the same, and the rights of each equity shareholder, relative to others before 
and after the acquisition are unchanged; and 

•  no non-controlling interest in the net assets of KRM22 is altered by the transfer. 

In accordance with merger accounting, consolidated accounts have been prepared for the restructured Group as if it 
has always been in existence.  The carrying value of assets and liabilities have not been adjusted to fair value.  The 
difference between the nominal value of the shares issued and the nominal value of the shares received has been 
recorded in the merger reserve. 

3.  Accounting policies 

Going concern 

These financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.  The Directors have reviewed  KRM22’s 
going concern position taking into account of its current business activities, budgeted performance and the factors 
likely to affect its future development, which are set out in this Annual Report, and include KRM22’s objectives, policies 
and processes for managing its capital, its financial risk management objectives and its exposure to credit and liquidity 
risks.  

The Directors have undertaken a significant assessment of the cashflow forecast covering a period of at least twelve 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements.  Cashflow forecasts have been prepared based on a 
range of scenarios including, but not limited to, existing customer churn at different churn rates, no new contracted 
sales revenue, delayed sales and a combination of these different scenarios. 

Having assessed the sensitivity analysis on cashflows, the key risks to KRM22 remaining a going concern and not 
being in breach of the financial covenants associated with the TT Convertible Loan is existing customers paying on 
payment  terms  and  within  45  days  of  invoice,  customer  churn  or  up  to  10%,  conversion  of  some  of  the  sales 
opportunities that are currently at contract negotiation stage and maintaining control of the cost base. 

The time to close new customers and the value of each customer, which are deemed individually as high value and 
low  volume  in  nature,  is  key  to  the  forecast  being  achieved  and  KRM22  continuing  to  operate  within  its  existing 
facilities,  this  being  KRM22’s  current  cash  balance  and  the  ability  to  drawdown  on  the  remaining  funds  available 
through  the  TT  Convertible  Loan.   However, even  if the  forecast  is  achieved, there  remains a  material  uncertainty 
around KRM22 operating within the financial covenants associated with TT Convertible Loan.  The TT Convertible 
Loan includes financial covenants, reported at the end of each quarter, based on the Group’s financial performance 
and there is a risk that KRM22 breaches the Cash Covenant, which requires KRM22 to retain a minimum amount of 
cash, on the 31 December 2024 and 31 March 2025 measurement dates.  Failure to comply with a financial covenant 
will result in an Event of Default which may result in TT withdrawing the TT Convertible Loan with all accrued amounts 
becoming immediately due and payable which would result in KRM22 becoming insolvent.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
57 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The Board have received a letter of support from TT that they would be willing to enter into discussions with KRM22 
around amending the terms of the TT Convertible Loan to ensure that KRM22 does not breach the Cash Covenant.  
Amendments could include, but are not limited to, reducing the value of the Cash Covenant at each measurement date 
so that KRM22’s cash exceeds the minimum cash requirement on each measurement date, and deferring the accrued 
interest payments that are due on 31 December 2024 and 31 March 2025 to 30 June 2025 and 30 September 2025 
respectively.    If the  TT  Convertible  Loan  was  not  amened,  KRM22  would  be obliged  to  seek alternative  resolution 
including implementing extensive cost reduction measures.  

The Directors have concluded that the circumstances set forth above indicates the existence of a material uncertainty 
that may cast significant doubt on KRM22’s ability to continue as a going concern.  However, given KRM22’s forecast, 
visible sales pipeline, working capital needs and letter of support from TT, the Directors have considered it appropriate 
to  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis  and  the  financial  statements  do  not  include  the 
adjustments that would be required if KRM22 were unable to continue as a going concern. 

Revenue recognition 

Revenue comprises recurring revenue, non-recurring revenue and other revenue and is stated exclusive of VAT and 
sales tax. 

All  revenue  is  only  recognised  to  the  extent  when  services  have  been  delivered  and  the  revenue  can  be  reliably 
measured, regardless of when the payment is being made.  Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration 
received or receivable. 

The following specific recognition criteria are applied to each revenue stream: 

Recurring revenue 

Recurring revenue comprises Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) license fees which give the licensee a right to 
access the software for a fixed period of time together with ongoing post-contract customer support services 
comprising  customer  support  (including  designated  contacts,  telephone and  onsite  support),  hosting  and 
maintenance  services,  enhancements  and  minor  and  major  upgrades.    All  of  the  post-contract  customer 
support services are bundled into one service and are not readily distinguishable in terms of apportioning the 
license fee between its constituent parts. 

In  applying  the  principles of  IFRS15  ‘Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers’ the Directors  consider that 
SaaS licenses provide the customer with a right to access the software over a period of time and that revenue 
generated from sales of software licenses is recognised over the term of the license. 

Where license fees are invoiced in advance, the income is deferred and released over the term of the license 
with the balance recorded within accruals and deferred income in the statement of financial position. 

Non-recurring revenue 

Non-recurring revenue comprises one-off pieces of work including implementation fees related to initial set-up 
services,  ad-hoc  development  services  which  are  outside  the  scope  of  post-contract  customer  services 
covered by the license fee and any other invoiced revenue that is not recognised as recurring revenue. 

Where implementation fees have only been partially completed at the statement of financial position date, 
revenue represents the value of service provided to date based on completed implementations as defined in 
the  contract.    Where  payments  have  been  received  from  customers  in  advance  of  services  provided,  the 
amounts  are  recorded  within  accruals  and  deferred  income  in  the  statement  of  financial  position.    The 
implementation fee is a distinct obligation and therefore recognised at a point in time. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58 

Deferred revenue 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

At 31 December 2023, the balance of deferred revenue was £2.2m (2022: £1.8m) and this will be released to 
the income statement in full within one year of the statement of financial position date. 

Operating segments 

Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner consistent with the  internal  reporting  provided to the  Group’s chief 
operating  decision  maker  (CODM).    The  CODM,  who  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing 
performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer. 

Business combinations and goodwill 

KRM22 applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations.  The consideration transferred for the 
acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities assumed by the former owners of the 
acquiree and the equity interests issued by KRM22.  The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or 
liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. 

Identifiable  assets  and  liabilities  acquired,  and  liabilities  assumed  are  measured  initially  at  their  fair  values  at  the 
acquisition date.  Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any 
non-controlling interests in the acquired entity measured on  the  proportionate  net  asset  basis,  over  the  net  of  the 
acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  If, after reassessment, the net of 
the  acquisition-date  amounts  of  the  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  exceeds  the  sum  of  the 
consideration transferred, the excess is recognised immediately in the income statement as a bargain purchase gain. 

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.  For the purposes of 
impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to the KRM22’s 
cash-generating unit that is expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets of liabilities 
of the acquiree are assigned to that unit. 

Intangible assets 

Research expenditure is expensed to the income statement in the year in which it is incurred.  Expenditure on internal 
projects is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that: 

it is technically and commercially feasible to develop the asset for future economic benefit; 

• 
•  adequate resources are available to maintain and complete the development; 
•  KRM22 is able to use the asset; 
•  use of the asset will generate future economic benefit; 
• 
• 

expenditure on the development of the asset can be measured reliably; and 
it is KRM22’s intention to complete the development and use or sell it. 

Other development expenditure is recognised in the income statement as an expense as incurred. 

Capitalised  development  expenditure  is  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  amortisation  and  less  accumulated 
impairment losses. 

Amortisation is charged to the income statement on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible 
assets.  Intangibles assets are amortised from the date they are available for use.  The estimated useful lives are as 
follows: 

Acquired software 

Capitalised development costs 

Customer contracts and relationships 

- 

- 

- 

straight line over 5 – 10 years 

straight line over 3 years 

straight line over 10 years 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Brand (including trademarks) 

- 

straight line over 3– 10 years 

The basis for choosing these useful lives is with reference to the years over which they can continue to generate value 
for KRM22. 

Amortisation charges are included within administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income statement.  
KRM22 reviews the  amortisation year and methodology when events and circumstances indicate that the useful life 
may have changed since the last reporting date. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at historical cost and subsequently measured at historical cost, 
net of depreciation and any impairment losses. 

Depreciation on other assets is calculated on a straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their 
residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows: 

Fixtures and fittings 

Office and computer equipment    

- 

- 

straight line over 4 years 

straight line over 4 years 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the 
carrying value of the asset and is recognised in the income statement. 

Right of use assets 

KRM22 recognises right of use assets for all applicable leases at the lease liability commencement date. The right of 
use asset is initially measured at cost, and consists of the amount of: 

the initial measurement of lease liability, plus; 

• 
•  any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, less; 
•  any lease incentives received; 
• 
the initial estimation of restoration costs; and 
•  any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee. 

Depreciation on right of use assets is calculated on a straight line method over the lease term. 

Non-current assets 

The  Company’s  interests  in  subsidiaries  are  initially  measured  at  cost  and  subsequently  measured  at  cost  less 
accumulated impairment losses. 

Impairment of tangible and intangibles assets 

All tangible and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount might not be recoverable.  An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the 
asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value 
less costs of disposal and value in use.  For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest 
levels for which there are largely independent cash inflows or Cash Generating Units (CGUs). 

Financial assets 

Financial assets are recognised in KRM22 and the Company’s statement of financial position when KRM22 and the 
Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.  Under IFRS 9 the classification of financial 
assets is based both on the business model and cash flow type under which the assets are held.  There are three 
principal classification categories for financial assets: amortised cost; fair value through other comprehensive income; 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

and fair value through profit or loss.  KRM22 has not classified any of its financial assets as fair value through other 
comprehensive income. 

Amortised cost 

These assets are non-derivative financial assets held under the ‘held to collect’ business model and attracting cash 
flows that are solely payments of principal and interest.  They comprise trade and other receivables and cash and 
cash  equivalents.    They are  initially  measured at  fair  value  plus transaction costs and are  subsequently carried  at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 

Impairment provisions for trade and other receivables are calculated using an expected credit loss model.  Under this 
model, impairment provisions are recognised to reflect expected credit losses based on a combination of historic and 
forward-looking information, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount 
and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable.  For trade receivables, 
which are reported net; such provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account.  On confirmation that the trade 
receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short term highly liquid 
investments with maturities of three months or less. 

Financial liabilities 

Financial  liabilities  are  classified  as  either  financial  liabilities  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  or  other  financial 
liabilities. 

(a) Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 

Financial liabilities are stated at fair value with differences taken to the consolidated income statement.  Interest on 
financial liabilities up to maturity are included as a finance expense in the consolidated income statement. 

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or is a derivative (except for 
effective hedge) or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. 

Gains or  Losses,  including  any  interest  expense on  liabilities  held  for trading  or a  derivative, are  recognised  in  the 
consolidated income statement. 

(b) Trade and other payables 

Trade payables and other payables are not interest bearing and are stated at their full value on initial recognition.  For 
disclosure purposes, the fair values of trade and other payables are estimated at the present value of future cash 
flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.  As trade payables and other payables are short 
term in nature at the reporting date, the carrying value is considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value.  

(c) Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.  They are subsequently measured 
at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest recognised on an effective rate basis. 

Fair value measurement  

Fair  value  is  measured  using  the  following  fair  value  hierarchy  that  reflects  the  significance  of  the  inputs  used  in 
making the measurements. The different levels can be defined as follows: 

• 
• 

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; 
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within level that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly (i.e. prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
61 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

• 

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). 

Taxation 

The tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

(a)  Current tax 

Any current tax payable is based on taxable profit for the year.  Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the 
income statement because it excludes certain items of income or expense that are either taxable or deductible in other 
years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible.  The Company’s liability for current tax is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date. 

Companies within the  Group may be entitled to claim special tax allowances in relation to qualifying research and 
development expenditure, e.g. R&D tax credits.  The Group accounts for such allowances as tax credits which means 
they are recognised when it is probable that the benefit will flow to the  Group and that the benefit can be reliably 
measured.  R&D tax credits reduce current tax expense and, to the extent the amounts are due in respect of them and 
not settled by the statement of financial position date, reduce current tax payable. 

(b)  Deferred tax 

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit 
and  is  accounted  for  using  the  liability  method.    Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognised  for  all  taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will 
be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.    Such  assets  and  liabilities  are  not 
recognised  if  the  temporary  difference  arises  from  goodwill  or  the  initial  recognition  (other  than  in  a  business 
combination) of assets and other liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit or loss nor the accounting 
profit or loss. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer  probable  that  sufficient  taxable  profits  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  asset  to  be  recovered.  
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the liability is settled or the 
asset  is  realised.    Deferred  tax  is  charged  or  credited  to  the  income  statement,  except  when  it  relates  to  items 
charged or credited directly to ‘other comprehensive income’, in which case the deferred tax is dealt with in ‘other 
comprehensive income’.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Company has a legally enforceable 
right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by 
the same tax authority. 

Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when KRM22 has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is 
probable that KRM22 will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of 
KRM22’s obligation. 

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation 
at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.  Where a provision 
is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value 
of those cash flows. 

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third 
party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount 
of the receivable can be measured reliably. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62 

Employee benefits 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and as an expense, unless those costs are 
required to be recognised as part of the cost of inventories or non-current assets.  The cost of any unused holiday 
entitlement is recognised in the year in which the employee’s services are received. 

Retirement benefits 

KRM22 operates a defined contribution plan, under which KRM22 pays contributions to independently administered 
pension plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis.  KRM22 has no further payment obligations once the 
contributions  have  been  paid.    The  contributions  are  recognised  as  an  employee  benefit  expense  in  the  income 
statement when they are due. 

Share-based payments 

The Company issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees and these payments are measured 
at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions) at the date of the grant using appropriate 
pricing models.  The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed 
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest 
and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. 

At  the  date  of  each  statement  of  financial  position,  the  Company  revises  its  estimate  of  the  number  of  equity 
instruments that are expected to become exercisable.  It recognises the impact of the revision of original estimates, if 
any, in the income statement, and a corresponding adjustment is made to equity over the remaining vesting period.  
The fair value of the awards and ultimate expense are not adjusted on a change in market vesting conditions during 
the vesting period. 

The value of share-based payment is taken directly to reserves and the charge for the period is recorded in the income 
statement. 

KRM22’s scheme, which awards shares in the parent entity, includes recipients who are employees in all subsidiaries.  
In  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  transaction  is  treated  as  an  equity-settled  share-based  payment,  as 
KRM22 has received services in consideration for KRM22’s equity instruments.  An expense is recognised in the Group 
income statement for the fair value of share-based payment over the vesting period, with a credit recognised in equity. 

In  the  subsidiaries’  financial  statements,  the  awards,  in  proportion  to  the  recipients  who  are  employees  in  said 
subsidiary, are treated as an equity-settled share-based payment, as the subsidiaries do not have an obligation to 
settle the award.  An expense for the grant date fair value of the award is recognised over the vesting period, with a 
credit  recognised  in  equity.    The  credit  is  treated  as  a  capital  contribution,  as  the  parent  is  compensating  the 
subsidiaries’ employees with no cost to the subsidiaries as there is no expectation to recharge the cost. In the parent 
company’s financial statements, there is no share-based payment charge where the recipients are employed by a 
subsidiary,  with  the  parent  company  recognising  an  increase  in  the  investment  in  the  subsidiaries  as  a  capital 
contribution from the parent and a credit to equity. 

Earnings per share 

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit or loss after tax attributable to equity shareholders of the parent 
company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. 

Diluted earnings per share requires that the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume 
conversion  of all  dilutive  potential  ordinary  shares.    These  arise  from  awards  made  under  share-based  incentive 
schemes.  Instruments that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future have been considered but 
were  not  included  in  the  calculation  of  diluted  earnings  per  share  because  they  are  anti-dilutive  for  the  periods 
presented.  This is due to the KRM22 incurring losses on continuing operations for the year. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63 

Leases 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Under IFRS16 ‘Leases’, KRM22 recognises a lease liability at the commencement date of the lease at an amount equal 
to the present value of the lease payments during the lease term that are not yet paid.  The present value of the lease 
payments is based on applying a discount rate which is either the interest rate implicit in the lease or the incremental 
borrowing rate.  The interest rate is treated as an interest expense and charged to the income statement. 

KRM22 also recognises a right of use asset at the lease liability commencement date and is measured at cost as 
detailed in the Right of use assets accounting policy.  The right of use asset is depreciated over the term of the lease. 

Where  a  lease  has  less  than  twelve  months  until  the  lease  expiry  date  from the  date  of  commencement,  KRM22 
continues to classify these as operating leases and are charged as an expense to the income statement on a straight 
line basis. 

Where KRM22 sublets office space for periods of less than twelve months from the date of commencement of the 
sublease or where the terms of the sublease differ significantly to the terms of the headlease, these subleases are 
classified as operating leases.  Operating lease income, net of agency management charges, is accounted for as other 
operating income and credited to the income statement on a straight line basis over the term of the sublease.  

Foreign currency 

Foreign currency transactions are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of transactions.  Monetary 
assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  rates  of  exchange  at  the  statement  of 
financial position date.  Any gain or loss arising from a change in the exchange rates of exchange subsequent to the 
date of the transaction is included as a gain or loss in the income statement. 

The statement of financial position of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into Sterling at the exchange rate at the 
year end.  The results of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Sterling at the average rate of exchange during the 
financial year.  Exchange differences which arise from the translation of opening net assets of the foreign subsidiary 
undertakings are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and transferred to the KRM22’s 
translation reserve. 

Descriptions of nature of each component of equity 

The components of KRM22’s equity can be described as follows: 

•  Share capital – The amount for the nominal value of shares issued. 
•  Share premium – The amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value after deducting certain 

costs of issue. 

•  Merger reserve – See note 2. 
•  Convertible debt reserve – This relates to the residual amount of any liability component from the fair value 

of debt instruments as a whole where the debt instrument includes a liability and embedded equity feature. 

•  Foreign  exchange  reserve  –  This  reserve  relates  to  exchange  differences arising  on the translation of the 
statement of financial position of the KRM22’s foreign operations at the closing rate and the translation of the 
income statement of those operations at the average rate. 

•  Share-based payment (SBP) reserve – This relates to the fair value of share options, warrants and restricted 

stock units (“RSUs”) determined at the grant date of the equity- settled share-based payments. 

•  Retained  deficit  –  The  net  gains  and  losses  recognised  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive 

income. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

4.  Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

IAS 1 requires disclosure of the judgements, apart from those involving estimations, that management has made in 
the  process  of  applying  the  entity’s  accounting  policies  that  have  the  most  significant  effect  on  the  amounts 
recognised in the financial statements. 

In  the  application  of  KRM22  and  Company’s  accounting  policies,  the  Directors  are  required  to  make  certain 
judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  about  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not  readily 
apparent from other sources.   The estimates and associated assumptions  are  based  on historical  experience  and 
other factors that are considered to be relevant.  Actual results may differ from these estimates.  The Directors believe 
that there are two areas within the financial statements which constitute critical accounting judgements and estimates 
as follows: 

I. 

Capitalisation of development costs 

Development costs are capitalised based on an assessment on whether they meet the criteria specified in IAS 
38 for capitalisation.  During each reporting period, an assessment is performed by management to determine 
time spent developing the intangible assets as a proportion of total time spent in the year.  This represents an 
area of judgement and impacts the value of intangible costs capitalised. 

II. 

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets 

The Group has carried out an impairment review of its cash generating unit (“CGU”).  The recoverable amount 
of  the  CGU  is  based  on  estimates  of  future  cash  flows  discounted  using  an  appropriate  discount  rate.  
Estimates of future cash flows are inherently uncertain and, to take account of this uncertainty, management 
have used the “expected cash flow approach” which involves probability weighting several alternate scenarios. 

It is possible that changes in economic conditions or deviations in actual performance from forecast could 
result  in  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  CGU  within  the  next  financial  year.    The  key 
estimates made by management are set out in note 13.   

5.  Segmental reporting 

The Board of Directors, as the chief operating decision maker in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments, has 
determined that KRM22 have identified two areas of risk management as operating segments, together with a third 
segment where the two areas of risk management are not easily  separable, however for reporting purposes into a 
single  global  business  unit  and  operates  as  a  single  operating  segment,  as  the  nature  of  services  delivered  are 
common. 

The internal management accounting information has been prepared in accordance with IFRS but has a non-GAAP 
‘Adjusted  EBITDA’  as  a  profit  measure  for  the  overall  group.    This  amount  is  reported  on  the  face  of  the  income 
statement. 

KRM22’s revenue from external customers and information about its non-current assets, excluding deferred tax, by 
geography is detailed below: 

UK 
Europe 
USA 
Rest of world 
Total 

2023 
Revenue 
£’000 
1,906 
792 
2,215 
353 
5,266 

2023 
Non-current 
assets 
£’000 
2,109 
1,466 
2,203 
– 
5,778 

2022 
Revenue 
£’000 
1,712 
716 
1,520 
325 
4,273 

2022 
Non-current 
assets 
£’000 
2,694 
1,955 
3,141 
1 
7,791 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
65 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The Directors consider that the business has two areas of risk management: Trading Risk and Corporate Risk as is 
described in the Strategic Report.  Within these segments, there are two revenue streams with different characteristics, 
which are generated from the same assets and cost base. 

For the year ended 31 December 2023, no customer generated more than 10% of total revenue recognised in the year.  
For the year ended 31 December 2022, one customer, reported within the UK segment, generated more than 10% of 
total revenue and the total revenue received from this customer was £0.5m.  

Non-current assets include goodwill and intangible assets recognised on consolidation and are classified by reference 
to the geographical location of the KRM22 group company which initially acquired the acquiree. 

Recurring revenue is recognised over the period of time and non-recurring revenue is recognised at a point in time.   

Recurring revenue 
Non-recurring revenue 
Total revenue 

Trading Risk 
Corporate Risk 
Multiple Risk 
TT Platform 
Total 

6.  Other operating income 

Operating lease income (net) 
Total revenue 

2023 
£’000 
4,769 
497 
5,266 

2023 
£’000 
2,487 
2,593 
72 
114 
5,266 

2023 
£’000 
142 
142 

2022 
£’000 
3,945 
328 
4,273 

2022 
£’000 
1,867 
2,258 
148 
– 
4,273 

2022 
£’000 
131 
131 

In April 2023, KRM22 entered into an agreement to extend the sublease of some of its office space until the end term 
of the headlease which ends in July 2024.  The terms of the sublease differ to the terms of the headlease, which 
KRM22 recognises as a finance lease, and therefore the sublease is treated as an operational lease with net income 
generated in the year of £0.1m (2022: £0.1m).  

7.  Operating loss 

Operating loss for the year has been arrived at after charging/(crediting) the following: 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation of right of use assets 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Impairment of intangible assets 
Acquisition, funding and debt expenses (refer to note below) 
Deferred consideration write back (refer to note below) 
Operating lease costs 
Foreign currency exchange losses/(gains) 

2023 
£’000 
6 
233 
1,054 
1,593 
38 
(115) 
38 
544 

2022 
£’000 
48 
265 
1,324 
– 
– 
– 
28 
(843) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
66 

I. 

II. 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Acquisition, funding and debt related costs 
Total acquisition, funding and debt related costs of £0.04m were incurred in the year ended 31 December 
2023 in connection with the replacement of the Kestrel Convertible Loan facility with the TT Convertible Loan 
facility.  There were no acquisition, funding and debt related costs incurred in the year ended 31 December 
2022. 

Deferred consideration write back 
On  19  December  2023,  the  Company  signed  an  addendum  (the  “2023  Addendum”)  to  the  Object+  Share 
Purchase Agreement dated 29 May 2019.  Under the terms of the 2023 Addendum, the deferred consideration 
of US$1.1m (£0.9m) associated with the third and final performance milestone, which the Directors believe 
has been achieved, was reduced by US$0.2m (£0.2m) to US$0.9m (£0.7m) in return for a cash payment of 
US$0.1m  (£0.04m)  to  the  Seller  of  Object+.    There  was  no  deferred  consideration  write  back  or  charge 
recognised in the year ended 31 December 2022. 

8.  Auditor’s remuneration 

For audit services 
      Audit of the financial statements of the Company 

For other services 
      Tax services of the Company 
      Tax services for the Company’s subsidiaries 

9.  Employee information 

I. 

Employee numbers 

2023 
£’000 

152 
152 

8 
25 
33 

2022 
£’000 

106 
106 

3 
32 
35 

The average monthly number of people, including Executive Directors, employed by KRM22 during the year was 
as follows: 

UK 
Europe 
USA 
Rest of world 
Total 

II. 

Employee benefits 

The aggregate payroll cost of these persons were as follows: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension costs to defined contribution schemes 
Share-based payments (credit)/expense 
Total 

III. 

Directors’ remuneration 

2023 
No. 
25 
10 
14 
1 
50 

2023 
£’000 
3,802 
270 
149 
(100) 
4,121 

2022 
No. 
23 
9 
11 
2 
45 

2022 
£’000 
3,597 
252 
145 
133 
4,127 

The remuneration of the Directors, who also represent the key management personnel of KRM22, during the 
year was as follows: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Remuneration for qualifying services 
Pension contributions to defined contribution schemes 
Share-based payments 
Total 

2023 
£’000 
571 
9 
21 
601 

2022 
£’000 
567 
9 
54 
630 

Full details of Directors’ remuneration is presented in the Remuneration Committee report on page 30.  Remuneration 
disclosed above includes the following amounts paid to the highest paid director: 

Remuneration for qualifying services 
Total 

2023 
£’000 
241 
241 

2022 
£’000 
244 
244 

The number of Directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 
1 (2022: 1). 

10.  Finance expense 

Interest income 
Interest expense on financial liabilities 
Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Net finance expense 

11.  Taxation 

Current tax 
UK Corporation tax at 23.5% on loss for the year (2022:19%) 
Income tax on foreign subsidiaries 
Research and Development tax credits 
Total current tax 

Deferred tax 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Intangible assets recognised on acquisition 
Total deferred tax (note 22) 
Total tax credit 

2023 
£’000 
(4) 
339 
18 
353 

2023 
£’000 

– 
(2) 
(186) 
(188) 

– 
(71) 
(71) 
(259) 

2022 
£’000 
(2) 
610 
33 
641 

2022 
£’000 

– 
8 
(97) 
(89) 

– 
(79) 
(79) 
(168) 

The  tax  expense  differs  from the  standard  rate of  corporate tax  in  the  UK  for  the  year  of  23.5%  for  the  following 
reasons: 

Losses before tax 
Loss before tax based on corporation tax 23.5% (2022: 19%) 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Intangible assets recognised on acquisition 
Income tax on foreign subsidiaries 
Losses carried forward 
Total tax credit 

For information on the Group’s total available tax losses, see note 22.  

2023 
£’000 
(4,619) 
(1,085) 
68 
(71) 
(2) 
831 
(259) 

2022 
£’000 
(3,269) 
(621) 
21 
(79) 
8 
503 
(168) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
68 

12.  Loss per share 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to the equity holders of KRM22 by the weighted 
average number of shares in issue during the year. 

KRM22  has  dilutive  ordinary  shares,  this  being  warrants,  restricted  stock  awards  and  share  options  granted  to 
employees.  As KRM22 has incurred a loss in the year, the diluted loss per share is the same as the basic earnings per 
share as the loss has an anti-dilutive effect. 

Loss for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue 
Diluted weighted average number of shares in issue 

13.  Intangible assets 

2023 
£’000 
(4,619) 
35,666,336 
46,492,491 
(13.0p) 

2022 
£’000 
(3,101) 
35,666,336 
46,671,529 
(8.7p) 

Goodwill on 
Consolidation 
£’000 

Acquired 
software and 
related assets 
£’000 

Capitalised 
development 
costs 
£’000 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 
Accumulated amortisation 
At 1 January 2023 
Amortisation for the year 
Impairment charge for the year 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 

At 31 December 2022 

At 31 December 2023 

8,053 
– 
(246) 
7,807 

2,886 
– 
1,497 
(92) 
4,291 

5,167 

3,516 

2,944 
– 
(57) 
2,887 

1,976 
228 
– 
19 
2,223 

968 

664 

Total 
£’000 

14,561 
1,105 
(323) 
15,343 

7,150 
1,054 
1,593 
(75) 
9,722 

7,411 

3,564 
1,105 
(20) 
4,649 

2,288 
826 
96 
(2) 
3,208 

1,276 

1,441 

5,621 

Goodwill that arose in prior periods is not amortised.  Impairment testing is carried out at Cash Generating Units (CGU) 
level on an annual basis. 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Group’s share price declined and, whilst management remain confident 
about KRM22’s future revenue growth, they have used a lower level of revenue growth than that used in last year’s 
impairment  assessment.    Accordingly,  the  Company  has  reassessed  the  recoverability  of  goodwill  and  intangible 
assets and this has resulted in an impairment of £1.6m. 

The Company has estimated the recoverable amount of intangible assets at £5.6m using a value-in-use model by 
projecting  cashflows  for  the  next  five  years  together  with  a  terminal  value  using  a  growth  rate.    The  five-year 
projections used in the model are based on the FY24 budget approved by the Directors and discounted to 15% to 
account for the uncertainty involved in predicting long-term projections.  The other key assumptions used were: 

•  The discount rate (WACC) of 13% (2022: 20%).  An increase of 1% in WACC rate would result in a further  

• 

£0.7m impairment. 
Long-term growth rate of 2.0% (2022: 1.5%).   An  increase of 1%, in the long-term growth rate would have 
resulted in a £0.5m reduction in the impairment. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 
Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2023 
Depreciation charge for the year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 

Net book value at 31 December 2022 

Net book value at 31 December 2023 

15.  Investment in subsidiaries 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions 
Adjustments 
Impairment 
At 31 December 2023 
Carrying amount 
At 1 January 2023 
At 31 December 2023 

Fixtures and 
Fittings 
£’000 

Office 
equipment 
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

164 
– 
– 
(7) 
157 

164 
– 
– 
(7) 
157 

– 

– 

£’000 

103 
16 
(30) 
(2) 
87 

92 
6 
(30) 
(2) 
66 

11 

21 

2023 
£’000 

732 
48 
(162) 
(617) 
1 

732 
1 

267 
16 
(30) 
(9) 
244 

256 
6 
(30) 
(9) 
223 

11 

21 

2022 
£’000 
£’000 
642 
90 
– 
– 
732 

642 
732 

The  additions  recognised  in  2022  and  2023  represents  share  capital  contributions  made  to  the  Company’s 
subsidiaries in respect of the share option expense recognised on share options issued by the Company to employees 
of the appropriate subsidiaries.  The adjustments in 2023 represents the write back of previously recognised share 
capital contributions  from share options issued by the Company to employees of the appropriate subsidiaries and 
where the performance condition attached to these share options has lapsed resulting in the write back of share option 
expense recognised in the appropriate subsidiaries.  The capital contribution transaction is a non-cash transaction. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
70 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2023 are as follows: 

Name of undertaking 

Registered office 

KRM22 Central Limited *  

KRM22 Development Limited 

KRM22 Americas Inc. 

KRM22 ProOpticus LLC 

KRM22 Netherlands B.V. 

KRM22 Market Surveillance 
Limited  

Object+ Holding B.V. 

Object+ B.V. 

Object+ Financial Services B.V. 

Object+ Financial Products B.V. 

Object+ Americas LLC 

*  Shares held directly by KRM22 Plc 

5 Ireland Yard 
London, EC4V 5EH 
England 

5 Ireland Yard 
London, EC4V 5EH 
England 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

The Old Brewhouse 
49 – 51 Brewhouse Hill 
St Albans, AL4 8AN,  
England 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen  21-2 
1017RP, Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

1 South Wacker Drive, 
Suite 1200, Chicago 
IL 60606 
USA 

Ownership interest and 
voting rights 

Nature of business 

100% 

Administrative and sales 
company 

100% 

Development services 

100% 

100% 

100% 

Administrative and sales 
company 

Administrative and sales 
company 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

100% 

In liquidation 

100% 

100% 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

Non-trading intermediate 
holding company 

100% 

Administrative company 

100% 

Sales company 

100% 

Sales company 

The following subsidiaries have been granted exemption from audit of their individual accounts under section 479A 
of the Companies Act 2006 following a guarantee given by the parent entity, KRM22 Plc: 

•  KRM22 Development Limited (Company number: 11082447) 
•  KRM22 Market Surveillance Limited (Company number: 10754403) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

16.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables disclosed below are classified as loans and receivables and are therefore measured at amortised 
cost. 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
     Trade receivables 
     Other receivables 
     Prepayments and accrued income 
Total trade and other receivables due within one year 
Amounts falling due after more than one year: 
     Amounts due from group undertakings 
Total trade and other receivables due in more than one year 

2023 
Group 
£’000 

706 
227 
209 
1,142 

– 
– 

2023 
Company 
£’000 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

– 
6 
76 
82 

– 
– 

939 
276 
247 
1,462 

– 
– 

2 
9 
85 
96 

77 
77 

The carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates fair value. 

At 31 December 2023, the Group had trade receivables falling due within one year of £0.7m including provisions of 
£0.1m  (2022:  £0.9m  including  provisions  of  £nil), other  receivables  falling  due  within one year  of  £0.2m  including 
provisions of £nil (2022: £0.3m including provisions of £nil).  At 31 December 2023, the Company had amounts due 
from group undertakings falling due after more than one year of £nil including provisions of £nil (2022: £0.1m with 
provisions of £0.3m). 

KRM22 has elected to apply the simplified approach available under IFRS 9:5.5.15 for its trade receivables.  KRM22’s 
trade receivables result from transactions in the scope of IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’.  Under 
this  simplified  approach,  a  lifetime  expected  loss  allowance  is  always  recognised  (both  at  initial  recognition  and 
throughout the life of the trade receivable). 

KRM22’s trade receivables have a short duration of less than twelve months, and do not have a contractual interest 
rate.  Therefore an EIR of zero has been applied to cash flows.  KRM22 has used a provision matrix to determine the 
lifetime ECL of the portfolio.  It is based on KRM22’s historical, observed default rates, and is adjusted by a forward 
looking estimate of future economic conditions. 

KRM22  group  revenue  was  derived  from  organic  customer  growth  and  acquired  customer  growth  through  the 
previous acquisitions: KRM22 Market Surveillance, KRM22 ProOpticus and the Object+ Group.  Based on historical 
observed default rates of the acquired companies, the estimated impairment loss is immaterial.  Furthermore, since 
acquisition the Group has managed customer credit risk in line with Group policy and outstanding receivables are 
actively  monitored  and  discussed  by  management.    There  are  no  doubts  as  to  the  future  recoverability  of  these 
balances.  Therefore, any impairment would be immaterial. 

Amounts due from group undertakings have been classified as falling due after more than one year based on the 
agreed terms of repayment by subsidiaries in future periods.  The Company provides regular funding to KRM22 Central 
Limited at an appropriate interest rate of 8.14%.  The Directors consider the terms of the transaction to be at arm’s 
length. 

There are significant doubts as to the future recoverability of these intercompany balances, and as such, a provision 
for bad and doubtful debts of £4.0m (2022: £0.3m) has been raised against the amounts due from group undertakings 
in the Company statement of financial position and recorded as a charge in the Company income statement. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

17.  Trade receivables – credit risk 

Aging of due and past due but not impaired receivables 
0 – 30 days 
31 – 60 days 
61 – 90 days 
91+ days 
Total trade and other receivables due in less than one year 

18.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at banks and on hand 

19.  Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
     Trade payables 
     Accruals and deferred income 
     Social security and other taxation 
     Other payables 
     Provision for dilapidations  
Total due within one year 
Amounts falling due after more than one year: 
     Provision for dilapidations  
Total due in more than one year 

2023 
£’000 
357 
– 
272 
77 
706 

2022 
£’000 
897 
30 
12 
– 
939 

2023 
Group 
£’000 
886 
886 

2023 
Company 
£’000 
214 
214 

2022 
Group 
£’000 
1,900 
1,900 

2022 
Company 
£’000 
1,475 
1,475 

2023 
Group 
£’000 

2023 
Company 
£’000 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

367 
2,494 
138 
871 
30 
3,900 

– 
– 

38 
157 
– 
– 
– 
195 

– 
– 

393 
2,137 
325 
998 
– 
3,853 

30 
30 

32 
138 
– 
– 
– 
170 

– 
– 

The fair value of trade and other payables are the same as the carrying values. 

Provisions  for  dilapidation  for  expected  future expenditure  in  accordance with  lease  obligations  are  based  on  the 
Group’s best estimate of the likely committed cash outflow.  These costs are expected to be incurred at the end of the 
lease and therefore have been classified as non-current. 

Other  payables  at  31  December  2023  of  £0.9m  (2022:  £1.0m)  include  £0.7m  (2022:  £1.0m)  related  to  deferred 
consideration associated with the acquisition of Object+.   The deferred consideration is payable subject to earnout 
conditions and performance milestones and the Directors believe that the third and final performance milestone was 
achieved.  The liability can be satisfied in either cash or Company ordinary shares at the Company’s discretion. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
73 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

20.  Leases – right of use assets and lease liabilities 

Right of use assets  

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 
Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2023 
Depreciation charge for year 
Disposals 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 

Net book value at 31 December 2022 

Net book value at 31 December 2023 

Lease liabilities 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Interest expense 
Lease payments 
Foreign exchange movements 
At 31 December 2023 

The maturity of the lease liabilities is as follows: 

Amounts payable under leases 
     Within one year 
     In two to five years 

Total 
£’000 

1,092 
– 
– 
1,092 

723 
233 
– 
– 
956 

369 

136 

Total 
£’000 

615 
18 
(250) 
(14) 
369 

2022 
£’000 

493 
122 
615 

2023 
£’000 

369 
– 
369 

KRM22’s leases relate to various office leases held by subsidiary undertakings and include a liability associated with 
a lease that expired in 2022. 

21.  Loans and borrowings 

Current 
Secured loans 

Non-Current 
Secured loans 

2023 
£’000 

391 
391 

3,887 
3,887 
4,278 

2022 
£’000 

2,974 
2,974 

– 
– 
2,974 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The fair value of loans and borrowings are the same as the carrying values. 

On 17 June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement for a new three year £5.0m convertible loan facility (the 
“TT Convertible Loan”) with Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”), of which an initial £4.0m was drawn down 
on 23 June 2023 and these proceeds were used to replace the Company’s outstanding balance, inclusive of principal 
and accrued interest of £3.1m, of the existing convertible loan (the “Kestrel Convertible Loan”) with Kestrel Partners 
LLP.  A further £0.5m was drawn down on the TT Convertible Loan on 28 November 2023 for working capital purposes.  
At  31 December  2023, the  total amount  dawn  down on  the  TT  Convertible  Loan was  £4.5m.   The  term of the  TT 
Convertible Loan can be extended by a further year to a total of four years. 

The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the average 90 day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) 
and a  margin  of  5.5%,  subject to  a minimum  aggregate  percentage  rate  per  annum of  9.25%.   Interest  is  payable 
quarterly in arrears however the Company has the ability to defer interest payments in the initial 18 months (the “Initial 
Interest Period”), with the total deferred interest in the Initial Interest Period being paid in two equal instalments on the 
calendar quarters ending after the 18th and 21st month anniversary of the facility, i.e. 31 December 2024 and 31 March 
2025.   

Under the terms of the TT Convertible Loan agreement dated 17 June 2023 (the “TT Loan Agreement”), any amounts 
drawn down form the TT Convertible Loan could be converted into new Ordinary Shares in the Company by TT at any 
time at the lowest conversion price of: £0.46, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s ordinary shares 
for the three month period prior to service of conversion notice; or the lowest daily closing price for the 30 completed 
calendar days prior to service of conversion notice.  On 1 July 2023, the TT Loan Agreement was amended to remove 
the variability of the conversion price and replace with a fixed conversion price of £0.46.  TT has the right to prevent 
any conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover Code.  The TT Convertible Loan is secured on 
certain KRM22 assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s financial performance, based on ARR, revenue 
recognition and solvency. 

The TT Convertible Loan contains a host liability and embedded (fixed-for-fixed) equity conversion feature on the basis 
that there is a contractual cash obligation to pay quarterly interest, which can be deferred for the initial 18 months and 
paid on the calendar quarters ending after the 18th and 21st month anniversary of the facility, and a requirement to 
repay the principal amount at the end of three-year TT Convertible Loan term, subject to the conversion option not 
being exercised by TT.  The TT Convertible Loan is classified as being a compound financial instrument and on this 
basis IAS 32 requires that the TT Convertible Loan is split into equity and liability components.  The fair value of the 
liability component, included in current and non-current borrowings, at initial recognition was calculated using a market 
interest rate that would apply to a stand-alone loan without a conversion feature (12.427%).  The equity component is 
assigned as the residual amount of £0.3m (see SOCE on page 51), by deducting the amount calculated for the liability 
component from the fair value of the instrument as a whole.  As the TT Convertible Loan is not quoted on an active 
market, the total amounts drawn down of £4.5m for the instrument is its fair value.  The carrying amount of the liability 
component of the TT Convertible Loan is adjusted for total transaction costs incurred of £0.2m. 

22.  Deferred tax 

Deferred tax liability at 1 January 2022 
Income statement (credit) 
Foreign exchange movements 
Deferred tax liability at 31 December 2022 
Income statement (credit)  
Foreign exchange movements 
Deferred tax liability at 31 December 2023 

Intangible assets recognised 
on acquisition 
£’000 
301 
(79) 
23 
245 
(71) 
(10) 
164 

Total 
£’000 
301 
(79) 
23 
245 
(71) 
(10) 
164 

KRM22 has tax losses of £16.2m (2022: £19.8m) that are available for offset against future taxable profits of those 
subsidiary companies in which the tax losses arose.  Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of these 
losses as they may not be used to offset taxable profits elsewhere in the Group and they have arisen in subsidiaries 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
75 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

whose future taxable profits are uncertain.  The estimated value of the deferred tax asset not recognised is  £4.0m 
(2022: £5.0m). 

In addition to the above operating tax losses, a potential deferred tax asset could relate to pre-acquisition tax losses 
of  KRM22  ProOpticus.  The  availability  and  future  utilisation  of  these  losses  remains  under  consideration,  taking 
account of both its legacy ownership structure and Section 382 of the US Internal Revenue Code, whereby the ability 
to utilise net operating losses arising prior to a change of ownership is limited to a percentage of the entity value of 
the entity at the date of change of ownership.  These potential operating tax losses (and related potential deferred tax 
asset) have not been included in the available operating tax losses (and related deferred tax asset) owing to current 
uncertainties on their actual usability. 

A deferred tax liability of £0.2m (2022: £0.2m) has been recognised in relation to intangible assets of £2.9m (2022: 
£2.9m) that arose on the acquisition of KRM22 Market Surveillance, KRM22 ProOpticus and the Object+ group in prior 
periods. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in that jurisdiction in the 
year  when the asset  is  realised  or  the  liability  settled, based on tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted or  substantively 
enacted  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date  and  therefore  these  have  been  measured  at  25%  UK  and  an 
effective rate of 26% on our overseas jurisdictions. 

23.  Operating leases 

KRM22 operates from various leased properties around the world and the terms of property leases vary by location.  
Any property leases that have less than twelve months at the date of inception until termination date are deemed to 
be short–term leases and recognised as operating leases. 

KRM22 has total minimum future lease commitments under non–cancellable operating leases as set out below: 

Due within one year 

24.  Share capital 

Issued and fully paid 10p Ordinary shares 
At 1 January 
At 31 December 

25.  Share–based payments 

Warrants 

2023 
£’000 
3 
3 

2023 
No. 

2023 
£’000 

2022 
No. 

35,666,336 
35,666,336 

3,567 
3,567 

35,666,336 
35,666,336 

2022 
£’000 
– 
– 

2022 
£’000 

3,567 
3,567 

On 24 April 2018, the Company passed a resolution for a total of 6,000,000 warrants to be granted to certain directors 
and members of staff conditional on the Company’s admission to the AIM.  The warrants are exercisable in full in 
three equal tranches, in the event that the Company’s share price equals or exceeds three separate hurdles at the 
relevant testing or vesting date.  The earliest testing date for tranche one was two years following admission to the 
AIM, i.e. 30 April 2020, with the earliest testing date for tranche two and three being one year later, i.e. 30 April 2021. 

If these conditions are met the warrants are exercisable at a 100 pence per share.  The vesting period is three years 
and the warrants can be exercised if, at a testing date, the specific performance conditions are met, or the Directors, 
in  their  absolute  discretion,  determine  that  a  warrant  may  be  exercised  at  any  other  time  and  in  any  other 
circumstances.  If the warrants remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of the grant the warrants 
expire. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76 

Employee share option plan 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The KRM22  Employee  Share  Option  Plan  (“ESOP”), a  UK tax authority approved  Enterprise  Management  Incentive 
(“EMI”), was set up on 24 April 2018.  No options were granted to employees during the year ended 31 December 2023 
however  in  prior  years,  the  Company  has  granted  a combination  of  LTIP  Options,  Salary  Sacrifice  Options,  Salary 
Deferral Options and Salary Deferral Bonus Options under the ESOP. 

LTIP Options are awarded as part of a long-term incentive plan.  The LTIP Options vest over a three-year period and 
are  exercisable  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the  grant  date  provided  that  the  share  price  has  increased  by  5% 
compounded  during  the  period  and  provided  the  employee  remains  employed  by  KRM22.    If  the  share  price 
performance has not been achieved by the third anniversary of the grant date, the vesting period is extended for a 
further two years to the fifth anniversary of the grant date, provided the employee remains employed by KRM22.  If 
the  share  price  performance  has  not  been  achieved  by  the  fifth  anniversary  of  the  grant  date,  the  LTIP  Options 
automatically lapse.   

Salary Sacrifice Options have previously been awarded to employees who waived a proportion of their salary  on a 
short-term  basis  to  help  the  Company’s  cashflow.    Salary  Sacrifice  Options  granted  to  Executive  Directors  and 
employees  vest  over a one-month  period  from  the  date  of  grant  and  the Salary  Sacrifice  Options  granted  to Non-
Executive  Directors  vest  over  a  three-month  period  from  the  date  of  grant.    All  Salary  Sacrifice  Options  lapse  on 
termination of employment with the Company and are not subject to any share price performance conditions. 

Salary  Deferral  Options  were  granted  in  2019 to  employees who  accepted a  temporary  salary  deferral  to  help  the 
Company’s cashflow and who were due to be paid the amount of salary deferred as a cash bonus (the “Salary Deferral 
Cash Bonus”) when the Company’s cashflows permitted.  The Salary Deferral Options vested over a one-year period, 
are not subject to any share price performance conditions and lapse on termination of employment with the Company. 

Salary Deferral Bonus Options were granted in 2020 to employees who waived their right to receive their Salary Deferral 
Cash Bonus to help the Company’s cashflow.  The Salary Deferral Bonus Options vest over a three-year period in thirty-
six  equal  monthly  instalments,  are  not  subject  to  any  share  price  performance  conditions  and  do  not  lapse  if  an 
employee ceases to be employed by KRM22. 

Under the terms of the ESOP, the Directors can exercise their discretion to allow employees to retain their LTIP Options, 
Salary Sacrifice Options and Salary Deferral Options if an employee ceases to be employed by KRM22.  All other terms 
within  the  ESOP  and  individual  option  agreements  remain,  and  in  respect  of  the  LTIP  Options,  are  subject  to  the 
performance conditions being achieved. 

All options unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant expire.  KRM22 has no legal or constructive 
obligation to repurchase or settle the options for cash. 

Options are exercisable at a range of between 30.0 pence per share and 85.0 pence per share.  The weighted average 
remaining contractual life of the share options outstanding at 31 December 2023 is 11 months (2022: 1 year and 2 
months). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
77 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Outstanding at 1 January 
Granted during the year  
Forfeited during the year  
Lapsed during the year 
Outstanding at 31 December 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
£ 

2023 
Number 
0.79  10,556,004 
– 
(12,481) 
(673,000) 
9,870,523 

– 
0.52 
1.01 
0.80 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
£ 
0.80 
0.58 
0.51 
– 
0.79 

2022 
Number 
10,146,447 
425,557 
(16,000) 
– 
10,556,004 

The fair value of options subject to non–market based vesting conditions are measured using a Black Scholes model 
and those options with market based conditions are measured using a Monte Carlo pricing model. 

The fair value of the outstanding options without performance conditions was measured using the Black Scholes 
options valuation model.  The inputs to that model in respect of the share options outstanding under each issue 
were as follows: 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 
Note 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 
Note 

Grant month 
Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 
Note 

Note: 

(a)  LTIP Share Options 
(b)  Salary Deferral Options 
(c)  Salary Sacrifice Options 
(d)  Salary Deferral Bonus Options 

Jun 
2019 
£0.770 
£0.850 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(a) 
Jul 
2020 
£0.280 
£0.300 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(c) 
May 
2021 
£0.475 
£0.500 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(a) 

Jun 
2019 
£0.770 
£0.850 
1 year 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(b) 
Sep 
2020 
£0.380 
£0.380 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(d) 
Feb 
2022 
£0.450 
£0.450 
3 years 
30% 
– 
1.07% 
(c) 

Nov 
2019 
£0.535 
£0.850 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(a) 
Oct 
2020 
£0.380 
£0.380 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(c) 
Dec 
2022 
£0.480 
£0.630 
3 years 
30% 
– 
3.30% 
(a) 

Dec 
2019 
£0.525 
£0.525 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(a) 
Jan 
2021 
£0.365 
£0.365 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.86% 
(c) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
78 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The  fair  value  of  the  outstanding  warrants  with  performance  conditions  was  measured  using  the  Monte  Carlo 
simulation model and the inputs to that model in respect of the share options outstanding under each issue were as 
follows: 

Weighted average share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Weighted average contractual life 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Restricted Stock Units 

2018 

£1.3198 
£1.00 
3 years 
30% 
– 
0.8287% 

KRM22 has awarded staff Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to employees, including Executive Directors, as part of a 
long-term incentive plan.  The RSUs vest over a period of five years from the date of award and lapse if an employee 
ceases to be employed by KRM22.   

Outstanding at 1 January 
Awarded during the year  
Forfeited during the year  
Outstanding at 31 December 

2023 
Number 
253,162 
608,344 
(18,429) 
843,077 

2022 
Number 
253,162 
– 
– 
253,162 

At 31 December 2023, the remaining balance of RSUs that had been awarded, and which had not been forfeited, was 
843,077 (2022: 253,162) and the RSUs vest of the fifth anniversary of the award date. 

Award date 
Number 

Sep 
2020 
253,162 

Aug 
2023 
520,230 

Nov 
2023 
69,685 

Total 
843,077 

The net share-based payment expense recognised for the year ending 31 December 2023 arising from equity-settled 
share-based payment transactions, including Warrants, ESOP and RSUs amounted to a credit of £0.1m (2022: expense 
of £0.1m) and the share-based payment reserve as at 31 December 2023 amounted to £2.9m (2022: £3.0m). 

26.  Capital commitments 

At 31 December 2023 KRM22 had no material capital commitments (2022: £nil). 

27.  Financial instruments and financial risk management 

KRM22’s principal financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables and borrowings.  The primary purpose of 
these financial liabilities is to finance the operations.  KRM22 has trade and other receivables and cash that derive 
directly from its operations. 

The Company has limited financial liabilities as its primary purpose is to hold investments in other group companies.  
The Company’s receivables largely relate to its funding of the operations of KRM22.   All items below are stated at 
amortised cost unless explicitly stated.  The Company measures fair values using the following fair value hierarchy 
that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
79 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value by hierarchy level. 

Financial assets 
Cash at banks and on hand – unrestricted 
Trade receivables group companies 
Trade and other receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Accruals 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial liability at FVTPL (Level 1) 
Finance lease obligations 

2023 
Group 
£’000 

2023 
Company 
£’000 

2022 
Group 
£’000 

2022 
Company 
£’000 

886 
– 
933 
1,819 

1,238 
330 
4,278 
196 
369 
6,411 

214 
– 
6 
220 

38 
157 
– 
– 
– 
195 

1,900 
– 
1,215 
3,115 

1,421 
293 
2,974 
255 
615 
5,558 

1,475 
77 
– 
1,552 

32 
138 
– 
– 
– 
170 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount for all financial assets and liabilities which are not held at fair value 
through profit or loss approximates to their fair value. 

In  conjunction  with  a  debt  facility  (the  “Debt  Facility”)  arranged  with  Harbert  European  Growth  Capital  Fund  II 
(“Harbert”) in 2019, the Company constituted warrants over 495,049 Ordinary shares.  Whilst the balance of the Debt 
Facility was settled during the year ended 31 December 2020, the warrants remain in place and are exercisable by 
Harbert until 29 April 2029.  The warrants are treated as a derivative financial instrument and recorded at fair value as 
a  current  liability  with  any  adjustment  in  fair  value  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  dated  recognised  within 
finance charge on financial liabilities in the income statement.  

The fair value of the warrant instrument was measured using the binomial option valuation model.  The inputs to the 
model are as follows: 

Share price at reporting date 
Exercise price 
Expiry period 
Expected volatility 
Expected dividend growth rate 
Risk-free interest rate 

Financial risk management 

2023 

£0.315 
£1.01 
5 years 
30% 
– 
4.19% 

KRM22 is exposed to market risk, which includes interest rate risk and currency risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.  The 
senior management oversees the management of these risks and ensures that the financial risk taken is governed by 
appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with 
KRM22’s policies and risk appetite. 

The Board of Directors review and agree polices for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below: 

a)  Market risk 

KRM22’s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and 
interest rates. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
80 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Financial currency risk management 

KRM22 is exposed to transactional exchange risk.  Transactional foreign exchange risk arises from sales or 
purchases by a group company in a currency other than that Company’s functional currency.  Further the 
Group and the Company have inter-company loans made in currencies other than their functional currency.   

Year ended 31 December 2022 
     Average rate 
     Year-end spot rate 
Year ended 31 December 2023 
     Average rate 
     Year-end spot rate 

Foreign currency sensitivity analysis 

USD 

EUR 

CZK 

SGD 

1.23 
1.21 

1.25 
1.27 

1.17 
1.13 

1.15 
1.15 

28.68 
27.28 

27.59 
28.48 

1.70 
1.62 

1.67 
1.68 

The following table details KRM22’s sensitivity analysis to a 10% (2022: 10%) decrease in Sterling against the 
relevant  foreign  currencies  which  the  Directors  believe  could  have  the  most  significant  impact  on  the 
performance of KRM22.  For a 10% (2022: 10%) strengthening of Sterling against the relevant currency there 
would be a comparable impact on financial performance. 

US Dollar 
Euros 
Czech Kroner 
Singapore Dollar 

Loss 
2023 
£’000 
(79) 
(4) 
(89) 
(1) 
(173) 

Other equity 
2023 
£’000 
(250) 
(9) 
(355) 
– 
(614) 

Loss 
2022 
£’000 
(151) 
(19) 
(185) 
(6) 
(361) 

Other equity 
2022 
£’000 
(386) 
(15) 
(555) 
(3) 
(959) 

Interest rate sensitivity analysis 

Interest  rate  risk  is  the  risk  that the  fair  value  of  future  cash  flows  or a  financial  instrument  will  fluctuate 
because of changes in market interest rates.   The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the 
average  90  day  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (“SOFR”)  and  a  margin  of  5.5%,  subject  to  a  minimum 
aggregate percentage rate per annum of 9.25%.  The Directors therefore believe that any movement in the 90 
day SOFR could have a significant impact on the amount of interest paid on the TT Convertible Loan on an 
annual  basis  compared  with  the  annual  interest  being  paid  of  £0.5m  based  on  the  90  day  SOFR  at  31 
December 2023 of 5.35531%. 

Change in 90 day  
average SOFR rate 
0.0% 
(1.5%) 
1.5% 
3.0% 
5.0% 

b)  Credit risk 

Total sensitised interest rate  
(90 day average SOFR plus margin) 
10.85531% 
9.35531% 
12.35531% 
13.85531% 
15.85531% 

Annual interest charge 
£’000 
488 
421 
556 
623 
713 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer 
contract, leading to a financial loss.  KRM22 is exposed to credit risk from its operations, primarily from trade 
receivables, and from loans provided to related parties. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
81 

Trade receivables 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Customer credit risk is managed subject to KRM22’s established policy, procedures and control relating to 
customer  credit  risk  management.    Outstanding  receivables  are  regularly  monitored  and  discussed  at 
executive management and Board level of group companies. 

Financial instruments and cash deposits 

Credit risk from cash balances with banks and financial institutions is managed in accordance with KRM22 
policy.  Credit risk with respect to cash is managed by carefully selecting the institutions with which cash is 
deposited. 

Impairment 

The financial assets of the Group comprise cash at banks, trade receivables and other receivables.  Having 
reviewed the recoverability of KRM22’s financial assets since the reporting date, as well as the likelihood of 
future losses over the next twelve months and the lifetime of the assets, the Directors have recognised credit 
losses in respect of other receivables, as detailed in note 17.  

c)  Liquidity risk 

KRM22  is  not  currently  cash  generative,  however  funds  were  raised  as  part  of  the  IPO,  subsequent  share 
placements  and  the  TT  Convertible  Loan  facility.    The  Board  carefully  monitors  the  levels  of  cash  and  is 
comfortable that it has sufficient cash for normal operating requirements.  KRM22 has no committed lines of 
credit. 

The  following  table  details  KRM22’s  remaining  contractual  maturity  for  its  financial  liabilities  based  on 
contractual payments: 

At 31 December 2022 

Trade and other payables 
Secured loans (gross) 
Finance lease obligations 

At 31 December 2023 

Trade and other payables 
Secured loans (gross) 
Finance lease obligations 

Capital risk management 

Within 1 year 
£’000 

1 to 2 years 
£’000 

2 to 5 years 
£’000 

2,009 
3,210 
493 

1,736 
391 
369 

– 
– 
122 

– 
893 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
4,733 
– 

Total 
£’000 

2,009 
3,210 
615 

1,736 
6,017 
369 

KRM22 manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while also maximising 
the  operational  potential  of  the  business.    The  capital  structure  of  KRM22  consists  of  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and equity attributable to equity holders of the Company, comprising issued capital and reserves 
as disclosed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.  KRM22 is not exposed to externally imposed 
capital requirements. 

28.  Business combinations 

Object+ Holding B.V. 

On 30 May 2019 KRM22 Netherlands B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of KRM22 Central Limited, acquired Object+ 
Holding B.V. and its subsidiaries Object+ B.V., Object+ Financial Services B.V., Object+ Financial Products B.V. and 
Object+  Americas  LLC  (collectively  “Object+”),  a  risk  management  and  post-trade  services  technology  business 
focused on capital markets. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
82 

KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

The acquisition included deferred consideration which was payable in three tranches subject to earn-out conditions 
which can be satisfied in either cash or Company ordinary shares at the Company’s discretion.  The first two earn-out 
conditions  were  not  achieved  however  the  Directors  believe  that  the  third  and  final  performance  milestone  has 
previously been achieved.   

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the third and final tranche of deferred revenue of US$1.1m was reduced by 
US$0.2m  in  consideration  for  a  cash  payment  of  US$0.1m  (£0.04m).    The  fair  value  of  the  third  tranche  of 
consideration has been reduced to US$0.9m to reflect the reduced consideration.  As detailed in note 30, US$0.2k of 
the deferred consideration was settled in Company ordinary shares on 10 April 2024. 

29.  Related party transactions 

Remuneration of key management personnel 

The remuneration of key management personnel, including Directors, is set out in aggregate for each of the categories 
specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures as follows: 

Short-term employee benefits 
Retirement benefits 
Share-based payment benefits 
Total 

Related party transactions 

2023 
£’000 
571 
9 
21 
601 

2022 
£’000 
567 
9 
54 
630 

Trading Technologies International, Inc. (“TT”) is a 25% shareholder of the Company and during the year, the Group 
recognised revenue from TT  of  £0.5m  (2022:  £0.1m)  under  normal commercial terms.   At  31  December  2023,  the 
balance  due to  the  Group  from  TT was  £0.1m  (2022:  £0.02m).    In  addition,  TT  provided  services to the  Group  of 
£0.02m and the balance due to TT from the Group at 31 December 2023 was £0.01m (2022: £0.01m).   

On  17  June  2023,  the  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  for  a  new  £5.0m  convertible  loan  facility  (the  “TT 
Convertible Loan”) arranged by TT, with an initial £4.0m drawn down on 23 June 2023 of which £3.1m was used to 
repay the outstanding Kestrel Convertible Loan debt of £3.0m plus interest of £0.1m and to support future business 
growth.  A further draw down of £0.5m on 28 November 2023 which was used for working capital purposes. 

The interest rate payable on the TT Convertible Loan is the average 90 day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) 
and a  margin  of  5.5%,  subject to  a minimum  aggregate  percentage  rate  per  annum of  9.25%.   Interest  is  payable 
quarterly  in  arrears  however  KRM22  has the  ability to defer  interest  payments  in  the  initial  18  months  (the  “Initial 
Interest Period”), with the total deferred interest in the Initial Interest Period being paid in two equal instalments on the 
calendar  quarters ending  after  the  18th and  21st  month  anniversary of  the  facility,  i.e.  31 December  2024 and  31 
March 2025.  The total interest charged in the year ended 31 December 2023 was £0.2m (2022: £nil).  At 31 December 
2023, the total amount of loan, including accrued interest, due to TT from the Company was £4.7m (2022: £nil). 

Under the terms of the TT Convertible Loan agreement dated 17 June 2023 (the “TT Loan Agreement”), any amounts 
drawn down form the TT Convertible Loan could be converted into new Ordinary Shares in the Company by TT at any 
time at the lowest conversion price of: £0.46, the volume weighted average price of the Company’s ordinary shares 
for the three month period prior to service of conversion notice; or the lowest daily closing price for the 30 completed 
calendar days prior to service of conversion notice.  On 1 July 2023, the TT Loan Agreement was amended to remove 
the variability of the conversion price and replace with a fixed conversion price of £0.46.  TT has the right to prevent 
any conversion which would trigger a Rule 9 event under the Takeover Code.  The TT Convertible Loan is secured on 
certain KRM22 assets and includes covenants based on the Group’s financial performance including ARR, revenue 
recognition and solvency. 

On 23 June 2023, KRM22 repaid the £3.0m loan facility (the  “Kestrel Convertible Loan”) with Kestrel Partners LLP 
(“Kestrel”) plus accrued interest at the settlement date of £0.1m.  The interest rate payable on the Kestrel Convertible 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

Loan was 9.5% per annum and the total interest charged in the year  ended 31 December 2023 was £0.1m (2022: 
£0.3m).  Kestrel, inclusive of beneficial interests, is a 17.6% shareholder of the Company. 

30.  Events after the reporting date 

On 7 March 2024, Dan Carter was appointed CEO of the Company, whilst Stephen Casner, a founder director and 
former  CEO  of  the  Company,  resigned  from  KRM22.    In  addition,  Keith  Todd  relinquished  his  role  as  Executive 
Chairman, whilst remaining an Executive Director of the Company and Garry Jones succeeded Keith Todd of Non-
Executive Chairman of the Company. 

On 10 April 2024, the Company issued 140,187 new ordinary shares of 10 pence each in the Company at a price of 85 
pence per Ordinary Share as consideration for a partial settlement of the deferred consideration payable in respect of 
the historical acquisition of Object+ Holding B.V. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KRM22 plc 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

The board of directors 

Garry Jones 

Non-Executive  Chairman  (previously  Non-Executive 
Director until 6 March 2024) 

Dan Cater 

Chief Executive Officer (appointed 7 March 2024) 

Kim Suter 

Chief Financial Officer 

Keith Todd CBE 

Executive  Director  (previously  Executive  Chairman 
until 6 March 2024) 

Sandy Broderick 

Non-Executive Director  

Steve Sparke 

Non-Executive Director  

Stephen Casner 

Registered office 

5 Ireland Yard, London, EC4V 5EH 

Company number 

11231735 

Company Secretary 

Kim Suter 

Nominated Adviser and Broker 

Cavendish  Capital  Markets  Limited,  1  Bartholomew 
Close, London, EC1A 7BL 

Solicitors 

Fieldfisher  LLP,  Riverbank  House,  2  Swan  Lane, 
London, EC4R 3TT 

Auditor 

BDO LLP, 55 Baker Street, London, W1U 7EU 

Registrars 

Previously CEO until 6 March 2024 (resigned 6 March 
2024) 

Equiniti,  Aspect  House, Spencer Road,  Lancing, West 
Sussex, BN99 6DA

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNUAL REPORT 2023 |        

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