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Orion Engineered Carbons S.A.

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FY2023 Annual Report · Orion Engineered Carbons S.A.
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2 O 2 3   A N N U AL  R E P ORT 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Directors’ Report 

Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

Financial Statements 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements 

Directors’ declaration 

Independent auditor’s report 

Shareholding details 

Corporate information 

1 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

49 

50 

56 

57 

CORPORATE PROFILE 

Orbital UAV provides integrated propulsion systems and flight critical 

components for tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). 

Our design thinking and patented technology enable us to meet the long 

endurance and high reliability requirements of the UAV market. We have 

offices in Australia and the United States to serve our prestigious client base. 

 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

The Directors present their report together with the financial report of Orbital Corporation Limited (the Company or Orbital) and of the Group, 
being the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended 30 June 2023 and the auditor's report thereon. 

Reference 

Contents of Directors’ Report 

Page 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

Operating and Financial Review 

Directors 

Company Secretary 

Directors’ Meetings 

Principal Activities 

Dividends 

Events Subsequent to Balance Sheet Date 

Proceedings on Behalf of the Company 

Likely Developments and Expected Results 

Environmental Regulation and Performance 

Directors’ Interests 

Share Options 

Auditor Independence and Non-Audit Services 

Indemnification 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Rounding Off 

Remuneration Report 

Lead Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

2 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

15 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

1.  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW 

John Welborn 
Chairman 
Non-Executive Director 

Todd Alder 
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Dear Shareholders, 

On behalf of the Board of Directors (‘the Board’), we are pleased to present the annual report of Orbital Corporation (‘Orbital’ or ‘the Company’) 
and its subsidiaries (‘the Group’) for the year ended 30 June 2023 (‘FY23’). 

Overview 

FY23 highlights 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Delivery of $22.5 million revenue and other income  

Net Profit after tax of $0.02 million 

Successful Equity and Options issue to raise $5 million in new equity 

Renegotiated milestones for WA government legacy loan 

Improved Net Asset position to $7 million 

Extension of development contracts for multiple engine platforms 

Orbital achieved operational revenue of $16.8 million in FY23, with $12.4 million through the multiple engine model solution for customer 
Insitu Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Boeing Company (‘Boeing Insitu’). Engineering development revenues of $4.4 million supported 
further development of additional engine models for other key clients and readies the Company for new production lines commencing in 
the coming financial year. 

Included  in  other  income  is  $4.8  million  which  was  achieved  through  the  successful  delivery  of  key  milestones  associated  with  the 
Company’s WA Government Loan agreement and $0.7 million Research and Development grants received against the new engine model 
development program. 

Customer diversification  

During the year, the Company continued to progress its customer diversification strategy and announced: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

engine shipment programs with Insitu Pacific for the supply of the ‘Integrator UAS’ to the Australian Army for expansion of its LAND 
129 Phase 3 program,  

the extension of the development program with its major Singapore client to progress toward production readiness, 

production unit testing with Skyways UAS for its bid to supply the US Navy with ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore uncrewed capabilities, 

supply of upgraded prototype engines with Textron Systems for the Aerosonde®  unmanned aircraft system. 

new production agreement with Finance International Pty Ltd to supply units into a south-east Asian defence organisation. 

These new or expanded relationships demonstrate Orbital’s superior heavy fuel engine capability for uncrewed aerial vehicles (‘UAVs’) 
and notably broadens customer relationships across the world. 

Equity and Options Offer 

In November 2022 the Company announced a $5 million equity and options offer to existing and new shareholders. The offer was well 
supported and a total of 25,000,000 new shares and 17,500,000 new options were issued pursuant to the prospectus. Major shareholders, 
UIL Limited and First Sentier Investors, along with all Company Directors participated in the equity raise which occurred in two tranches in 
November 2022 and January 2023. Funds raised from the offer  continue to support new engine development programs and  to provide 
general working capital. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Financial results 

The Company reported financial results  for the year ended 30 June 2023,  with revenue from continuing operations of $16.8M (2022: 
$15.7M), other income of $5.7M (2022: 2.5M) and a net profit after tax of $0.02M (2022: loss of $11.1M). 

The Company reported a balance sheet with cash, deposits and receivables of $5.2M (2022: $4.0M), net current assets of $2.2M (2022: net 
current liabilities $5.0M) and net assets of $6.9 MM (2022: $2.2M). 

Net cash outflow from operating activities during the period was $3.5M (2022: $4.1M) as production delays has deferred delivery of orders to 
Boeing Insitu into the coming financial year. 

The annual report for the year ended 30 June 2023 contains an independent auditor’s report which highlights the existence of a material 
uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. For further information, refer to Note 1.J 
to the financial statements, together with the auditor’s report. 

WA Government loan 

In January 2023, the Company agreed to a deed of variation with the WA Government, replacing previous repayment schedules and refining 
milestone  deliverables  better  aligned  to  industry  success.  Repayment  amounts  continue  to  reduce  the  loan  principal  where  Orbital 
demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Minister, that the relevant milestones set out in the deed of variation have been met by Orbital on or 
before the repayment dates. In FY23, operational milestones were achieved such that $4.5m of loan repayments were offset, reducing the 
outstanding loan balance to $3.8M. The Company anticipates achieving further milestones such that the loan will be fully offset by the end of 
December 2024.  

Shareholder returns 

Closing share price ($)1

Market capitalisation ($m) 

Basic EPS (cents) from continuing 
operations 
1 as at 30 June 

                        Outlook 

2023 

0.175 

20.52 

0.02 

2022 

0.23 

20.93 

2021 

0.83 

64.46 

(12.92) 

(14.74) 

2020 

0.75 

58.2 

2.40 

2019 

0.30 

23.2 

(7.63) 

Entering financial year 2024 (‘FY24’), production from the two established Boeing Insitu engine model lines  will resume until those orders 
have been completed. Upon maturity of the engineering programs for customers Textron, Finance International Pty Ltd and one of Singapore’s 
largest defence companies, production of two new lines of engines is expected to commence in the second half of FY24.  

Continued investment in new products and delivering against customers evolving needs allows Orbital to drive future revenue performance 
and  client  expansion  targets.  The  lasting  support  of  the  WA  Government,  through  grant  allocations  against  the  legacy  loan  and  a  clear 
pathway to successful achievement of milestones, continues to strengthen the Company balance sheet position and competitive advantage 
in heavy fuel propulsion for the defence industry. 

The Chairman and Managing Director would like to thank the ongoing commitment of the Company’s shareholders and staff. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

2.  DIRECTORS 

The Directors of the Company at any time during or since the end of the financial year are: 

Mr John Paul Welborn, BCom, FCA, FAIM, MAICD, MAusIMM, JP 

Chairman 

Joined the Board in June 2014 and appointed as Chairman in March 2015. Mr Welborn is the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer 
of Equatorial Resources Limited, an ASX listed (ASX: EQX) iron ore exploration and development company.  

Mr Welborn is a Chartered Accountant with a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Western Australia and is a Fellow of the 
Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia and New Zealand and holds memberships of the Australian Institute of Company Directors 
(AICD) and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM). 

Mr  Welborn  is  a  former  international  rugby  union  player  with  extensive  experience  in  the  resources  sector  as  a  senior  executive  and  in 
corporate  management,  finance  and  investment  banking.  He  has  served  on  the  Boards  of  charitable  organisations  and  is  a  former 
Commissioner of Tourism Western Australia. 

Mr Welborn also serves as a Director of Equatorial Resources Limited (appointed August 2010), and as a Non-Executive Director of Apollo 
Minerals Ltd (appointed February 2021) and Fenix Resources Limited (appointed November 2021). 

Mr Todd Alder, BEc (Acc), CPA, ACIS 

Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Joined Orbital as Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary in December 2016 and appointed as Managing Director and Chief Executive 
Officer in August 2017. Mr Alder’s experience includes successful start-ups, acquisitions and the implementation of lean concept business 
transformations. Mr Alder is an accomplished leader focused on financial discipline, strategy alignment and operational efficiency. 

His previous role was Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary at Toro Energy Limited, where he was responsible for financial and 
management  accounting,  company  secretarial  functions,  investor  relations  and  information  technology.  Mr  Alder  has  also  worked  with 
Capgemini Consulting (previously Ernst & Young) and Origin Energy Limited. 

Mr Steve Gallagher, B.E (Hons), B.Com, MAICD 

Non-Executive Director 

Joined the Board in April 2017. Mr Gallagher is Principal of Agere Pty Ltd, an advisory and investment  company drawing on his capability 
and professional networks established over 30 years as a CEO, director, and Executive GM of global businesses with companies including 
Vix Technology Ltd, Siemens AG, Landis & Gyr AG and CCRTT Ltd.. 

Mr Gallagher has operated in various business sectors including industrial automation, building technology and power systems, having spent 
15 years living and working in Asia (China, Hong Kong and Singapore) and Europe (Switzerland). 

Mr  Gallagher  is  currently  a  Non-Executive  Director  and  Chair  of  ICM  Mobility  Ltd  (an  investment  holding  company  for  mobility  services 
companies in transportation including Vix Technology Ltd, Littlepay Ltd, Kuba Payments Ltd, Snapper Services Ltd, Unwire Ltd), Transact1 
Pty  Ltd  (a  financial  services  provider  for  cash  management  optimisation),  DTI  Ltd  (ASX  listed  passenger  information  and  surveillance 
business). 

Mr Gallagher is also the chairman of the Company’s Audit and Risk Committee. 

Mr Kyle Abbott, B.Com (Hons 1st), CA 

Non-Executive Director 

Joined the Board in May 2018. Mr Abbott is an experienced aerospace and defense industry executive. Mr Abbott was Managing Director of 
Western Australian Specialty Alloys (WASA) from 1996 to 2015. During this period WASA grew from a Western Australian specialised alloy 
manufacturer to become a major supplier to the global aerospace industry, with key customers in the United States, the United Kingdom and 
Japan. In 2000, Mr Abbott managed the successful sale of WASA to United States-based Precision Castparts Corporation (PCC), an S&P 
500 company. PCC was subsequently acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in 2015. 

Mr Abbott is also a member of the Company’s Audit and Risk Committee. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

3. 

COMPANY SECRETARY 

Mr Thomas Spencer, B.Bus, CPA 

Mr Thomas Spencer was appointed as Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary in October 2022. Mr Spencer is a seasoned finance 
executive  with  multinational  experience  leading  strategy  development,  governance  and  commercial  initiatives  across  a  spectrum  of 
industries. He is a qualified CPA and holds a Bachelor of Business degree and is a member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. 
In his previous CFO roles with NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals, McRae Investments and GMP Securities, Mr Spencer was responsible 
for commercial operations, financial integrity, investment acquisitions and dispositions for institutional and private equity owned portfolios. 

4. 

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS 

The number of Directors’ meetings and the number of meetings attended by each of the Directors of the Company during the financial 
year are shown below. 

Director 

J P Welborn 

T M Alder 

S Gallagher 

K Abbott 

Directors Meetings 

Audit and Risk Committee Meetings 

No. of meetings 
attended 

No. of meetings held1 

No. of meetings 
attended 

No. of meetings held2 

7 

8 

7 

7 

8 

8 

8 

8 

- 

- 

4 

4 

- 

- 

4 

4 

1 Number of meetings held during the time the Director held office during the year. 
2 The Audit and Risk Committee was established in March 2019. 

5. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

Orbital’s focus is on the revolutionary design, proven manufacturing processes and rigorous testing to deliver superiority in UAV propulsion 
systems and flight critical components. 

The Company drives its UAV-focused strategy from its operations in WA, Australia and Oregon, USA. Our intellectual property, know-how 
and industry experience, enable us to meet the long endurance and high reliability requirements of the rapidly evolving UAV market. 

Working with our international customers and supply chain, we continue to design, develop and manufacture world-leading propulsion 
system solutions and associated technologies to meet the changing demands and increasing mission parameters of tactical UAVs. 

6. 

DIVIDENDS 

No dividend has been paid or proposed in respect of the current financial year. 

7. 

EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO BALANCE SHEET DATE 

There were no reportable events subsequent to the balance sheet date of 30 June 2023. 

8. 

PROCEEDINGS ON BEHALF OF THE COMPANY 

No proceedings have been brought or intervened in on behalf of the Company with leave of the Court under section 237 of the 
Corporations Act 2001. 

9. 

LIKELY DEVELOPMENTS AND EXPECTED RESULTS 

Information as to the likely developments in the operations of the Group is set out in the operating and financial review above. 

10.  ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND PERFORMANCE 

The  Directors  do not  believe  that the  Group  has  significant  environmental  obligations.  The  Group’s  policy  is  to comply  with  any  applicable 
environmental regulations that are in force during the reporting period. 

11.  DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS 

The relevant interest of each Director in the share capital of the Company shown in the Register of Directors’ Shareholdings as at 30 
June 2023 is as follows: 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Director 

J P Welborn 

T M Alder 

S Gallagher 

K Abbott 

Total 

12.  SHARE OPTIONS 

Ordinary 

Shares 

1,991,667 

1,471,639 

216,668 

85,000 

3,764,974 

Performance 

Rights 

- 

374,400 

- 

- 

374,400 

The Company issued 17,500,000 options as part of the capital raising activities completed in February 2023. Options were issued for nil cash 
consideration and were valued at $1,033,205 using the Black Scholes method of calculation at grant date of 7 February 2023. A volatility rate 
of 99.8% and a risk-free rate of 3.16% was used in the calculation. The options are exercisable at $0.35 on or before the date that is 3 years 
after the date of issue. 

13.  AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE AND NON-AUDIT SERVICES 

The Company may decide to employ the auditor on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties where the auditor’s expertise and 
experience  with  the  Company  and/or  the  Group  are  important.  For  the  year  ended  June  2023,  the  Group  engaged  with 
PricewaterhouseCoopers in non-audit services that included Tax & Government Grant advice. Refer to Note F.6 in the Financial Statements 
for summary of fees paid. The Board of Directors has considered the position and, in accordance with advice received from the Audit and 
Risk Committee, is satisfied that the provision of the non-audit services is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors 
imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. 

14. 

INDEMNIFICATION 

Indemnification and insurance of officers 

To the extent permitted by law, the Company indemnifies every officer of the Company against any liability incurred by that person: 

(a) 
(b) 

in his or her capacity as an officer of the Company; and 
to a person other than the Company or a related body corporate of the Company 

unless the liability arises out of conduct on the part of the officer which involves a lack of good faith. 

During the year, the Company paid a premium in respect of a contract insuring all Directors, Officers and employees of the Company (and/or 
any subsidiary companies of which it holds greater than 50% of the voting shares) against liabilities that may arise from their positions within 
the Company and its controlled entities, except where the liabilities arise out of conduct involving a lack of good faith. The Directors have not 
included details of the nature of the liabilities covered or the amount of the premium paid in respect of the insurance contract as disclosure 
is prohibited under the terms of the contract. 

Indemnification of auditors 

To the extent permitted by law, the Company has agreed to indemnify its auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers, as part of the terms of its audit 
engagement agreement against claims by third parties arising from the audit (for an unspecified amount). No payment has been  made to 
indemnify PricewaterhouseCoopers during or since the financial year. 

15.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

The  Board  of  Orbital  Corporation  Limited  is  responsible  for  corporate  governance.  The  Board  has  prepared  the  Corporate  Governance 
Statement  in accordance  with  the  fourth edition  of  the  ASX  Corporate  Governance  Council’s  Principles and  Recommendations,  which  is 
available on the Company’s website at www.orbitaluav.com under the About Us/Corporate Governance section. 

16.  ROUNDING OFF 

The Company is of a kind referred to in ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors’ Reports) Instrument 2016/191, dated 24 March 
2016, and in accordance with that Instrument, amounts in the financial report and Directors’ Report have been rounded off to the nearest 
thousand dollars unless otherwise indicated. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

REMUNERATION REPORT - AUDITED 

KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL AND SUMMARY OF ORBITAL’S FIVE-YEAR PERFORMANCE 

Key management personnel (“KMP”) 

This Remuneration Report outlines the remuneration in place and outcomes achieved for KMPs during the year ended 30 June 2023. 

KMPs are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the major activities of the Group, 
directly or indirectly, including any Director, whether executive or otherwise, of the parent company. 

The names and positions of the individuals who were KMP during 2023 are set out in Table 1. 

Table 1 – KMP 

Executive 
Executive Director 

  Todd M Alder (Chief  Executive Officer and Managing Director) 

Non-Executive Directors 
John P Welborn (Chairman) 
Steve Gallagher (Chairman of the Audit & Risk Committee) 
Kyle Abbott (Member of the Audit & Risk Committee) 

Senior Executives 
David Bonomini1 (Chief Financial Officer & Company Secretary) 
Thomas Spencer2 (Chief Financial Officer & Company Secretary) 
Mikael Bergman3 (Chief Technical Officer) 

1 Mr. Bonomini resigned as CFO & Company Secretary on 31 October 2022 
2  Mr. Spencer was appointed as CFO & Company Secretary on 31 October 2022 
3 Mr. Bergman became a KMP on 05 May 2022 and resigned on 01 December 2022 

Table 2 – Five-year performance 

The table below outlines Orbital’s performance over the last five years against key metrics. 

Closing share price ($) 

Market capitalisation ($m) 

Basic EPS (cents) from operations 

2023 

0.175 

20.52 

0.02 

2022 

0.23 

20.93 

2021 

0.83 

64.46 

(12.92) 

(14.74) 

2020 

0.75 

58.2 

2.40 

2019 

0.30 

23.2 

(7.63) 

Short term incentives were paid in 2020 and 2018. No short term incentives were paid in 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2019. 

REMUNERATION  OVERVIEW 

The Group’s remuneration strategy is designed to attract, motivate and retain employees in a globally competitive market. The Board structures 
remuneration so that it rewards those who perform, is valued by executives, and is strongly aligned to the Company’s strategic direction and the 
creation of returns to shareholders. 

Total Fixed Remuneration (“TFR”) is determined by the scope of the executive’s role and their level of knowledge, skills and experience. 

Executive members of the KMP may receive a short-term incentive (“STI”) approved by the Board as reward for exceptional performance in a 
specific matter of importance. No STI was awarded during the year ended 30 June 2023 (2022: nil). 

Long-term incentives (“LTI”) consisting of performance rights that vest based on attainment of pre-determined performance goals are awarded 
to selected executives.  

The remuneration of Non-Executive Directors of the Company consists only of Directors’ fees. Director fees were not reviewed or adjusted during 
the 2023 financial year. 

Remuneration Report at 2022 AGM 

The 2022 Remuneration Report received positive shareholder support at the 2022 AGM with more than 75% of votes cast in favour. 

Remuneration strategy 

The  Group’s  remuneration  strategy  is  designed  to  attract,  motivate  and  retain  employees  and  Non-Executive  Directors  by  identifying  and 
rewarding high performers and recognising the contribution of each employee to the continued growth and success of the Group. 

To this end, key objectives of the Company’s reward framework are to ensure that remuneration practices: 

•  Are aligned to the Group’s business strategy; 
•  Offer competitive remuneration, benchmarked against the external market; 
•  Provide strong linkage between individual and Group performance and rewards; and 
•  Align the interests of executives with shareholders through measuring the Company’s market capitalisation or share price. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Key changes to remuneration structure in 2023 

There were no changes to the remuneration structure of executives or Directors during the 2023 financial year. 

REMUNERATION  GOVERNANCE 

Board of Directors 

The Board reviews and approves remuneration packages and policies applicable to Directors, the Company Secretary and the senior executives 
of the Group. 

Data is obtained from independent surveys to ensure that compensation throughout the Group is set at market rates having regard to experience 
and performance. In this regard, formal performance appraisals are conducted at least annually for all employees. Compensation packages may 
include a mix of fixed compensation, performance-based compensation and equity-based compensation. 

Remuneration approval process 

The Board approves the remuneration arrangements of the CEO and executives and all awards made under the LTI plan. The Board also sets 
the aggregate remuneration of Non-Executive Directors which is then subject to shareholder approval. 

The Board approves, having regard to the recommendations made by the CEO, the STI bonus plan and any discretionary bonus payments. 

Remuneration structure 

In accordance with best practice corporate governance, the structure of Non-Executive Directors and executive remuneration is separate and 
distinct. 

Services from remuneration consultants 

From  1 July 2011,  all  proposed  remuneration  consultancy  contracts  (within  the  meaning  of  section  206K  of the  Corporations  Act  2001) are 
subject to prior approval by the Board or Human Resources. 

No consultants were engaged during the year ended 30 June 2023 (2022: nil). 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND EXECUTIVE KMP REMUNERATION 

Objective 

The Group aims to reward executives with a level and mix of remuneration commensurate with their position and responsibilities within the 
Group and aligned with market practice. The Group undertakes an annual remuneration review to determine the total remuneration positioning 
against the market. 

Structure 

Orbital Corporation’s remuneration structure for the CEO and executive KMP is comprised of one  component that is fixed, being Total Fixed 
Remuneration (TFR), and two components that are variable, being short-term incentives (STI) and long-term incentives (LTI). 

The STI is an annual “at risk” component of remuneration for executives. It is payable based on performance against key performance indicators 
(KPIs) set at the beginning of the financial year. STIs are structured to remunerate executives for achieving annual Company targets and their 
own individual performance targets. The net amount of any STI after allowing for applicable taxation, is payable in cash. 

LTI targets are set as a percentage of fixed remuneration, converted to performance rights with vesting conditions subject to the Company’s 
share price performance. Vesting of performance rights is subject to share price targets with the overall value exposed to the upside or downside 
of the share price movement, therefore closely aligning with shareholder interests. 

The proportion of fixed remuneration and variable remuneration (potential short-term and long-term incentives) established for each executive 
is approved by the Board and for the year ended 30 June 2023 was as follows: 

CEO 

Other executives 

Fixed Remuneration (50%) 

Target STI (20%) 

Target LTI (30%) 

Fixed Remuneration (69%) 

Target STI (14%) 

Target LTI (17%) 

Fixed Remuneration 

Variable Remuneration 

The remuneration structure for the 2023 financial year is explained below: 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Summary of executive KMP remuneration for the 2023 financial year 

Total Fixed Remuneration (“TFR”) 

TFR consists of base compensation, which is calculated on a total cost basis and includes any fringe benefits tax charges related to employee 
benefits including motor vehicles, as well as employer contributions to superannuation funds. 

Executive contracts of employment do not include any guaranteed base pay increases. TFR is reviewed annually by the Board. The process 
consists of a review of Company, business division and individual performance, relevant comparative remuneration internally and externally and, 
where appropriate, external advice independent of management. 

The fixed component of executives’ remuneration is detailed in the Statutory Table on page 13. 

Variable Annual Reward - Short-term incentive (“STI”) 

Under the STI, all executives have the opportunity to earn an annual incentive award which is delivered in cash. The STI recognises and rewards 
annual performance. 

How is performance measured? 

The STI performance measures were chosen as they reflect the core drivers of short-term performance and provide a framework for delivering 

sustainable value to the Group, its shareholders and customers. Minimum Group performance targets need to be achieved before STI is eligible. 

Key performance indicators (“KPIs”) are measured covering financial and non-financial measures of performance. For each KPI, a target and 
stretch objective is set. A summary of the measures and weightings are set out below: 

CEO 

Other Executives 

Financial 

Revenue 

70% 

0% 

Non-financial 

Group KPIs 

30% 

100% 

Revenue is the measure against which management and the Board assess the short-term performance of the Group. If the revenue measure 
is met, performance against non-financial KPIs are used to determine the STI that the executive is entitled to, as follows: 

• 
• 

Individual performance rating in respect of the quality of work performed in all essential areas of responsibility; 
Individual cultural rating in respect of the extent to which demonstrated behaviour aligns with the Values of the Group. 

How much can executives earn? 

The  maximum  STI  for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  40  per  cent  of  fixed  remuneration.  The  maximum  STI  for  other  executives  is 20 
per cent of fixed remuneration. 

The  minimum  STI  that  may  be  awarded  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  other  executives  is  nil  where  the  Company  performance 
factor is zero. 

When is it paid? 

The STI award is determined after the end of the financial year following a review of performance over the year against the STI performance 
measures by the Executive Team. The Board approves the final STI award based on this assessment of performance. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Actual STI performance for the year ending 30 June 2023 

The following table outlines the proportion of the maximum STI earned in relation to the 2023 financial year. There were no STI amounts paid 
to KMPs for the year ended 30 June 2023. 

Maximum STI opportunity 
(Percentage of fixed remuneration) 

Percentage of 
maximum STI earned 

Todd M Alder 

David Bonomini 

Thomas Spencer 

Mikael Bergman 

Long-term incentive (“LTI”) 

40% 

20% 

20% 

20% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

Under the LTI, the grant of performance rights and share acquisition performance rights were made to executives to align remuneration with the 
creation of shareholder value over the long-term. 

How is it paid? 

Executives are eligible to receive performance rights and share acquisition performance rights; that is, being the right to receive a given number 
of ordinary shares in the Group if a nominated performance milestone is achieved. 

2020 Performance Rights Plan – Long-term incentives 

The Company introduced a Performance Rights Plan (“2020 LTI Plan”) which was approved by shareholders on 24 November 2020. 

Performance rights were issued to the Managing Director and CEO (“CEO LTIs”) and other executives (“Executive LTIs”) and employees  under 
the 2020 LTI Plan in two tranches, with each tranche subject to a separate performance milestone linked to the volume weighted average share 
price (“VWAP”) of the Company and tested over a three-year period as follows: 

Tranche 

Performance condition 

Expiry 
date 

Grant date 
(CEO LTIs) 

Grant date 
(Exec LTIs) 

Fair 
value/right 
(CEO LTIs) 

Fair 
value/right 
(Exec LTIs) 

Vesting of 
rights 

1 

The Company having a 90-day 

30 

4 

28-Oct 

98 cents 

97 cents 

50 per 

VWAP of at least $1.50 per 

September 

December 

2020 

cent 

share between 01 October 

2023 

2020 

2020 and 30 September 2023. 

2 

The Company having a 60-day 

30 

4 

28-Oct 

73 cents 

76 cents 

50 per 

  VWAP of at least $2.50 per 

September 

December 

2020 

cent 

  share between 01 October 

2023 

2020 

2020 and 30 September 2023. 

The allocation of performance rights to KMPs was as follows: 

Executive 

Title 

Performance rights 
issued Tranche 1 

Performance rights 
issued Tranche 2 

Mr T.Alder 
Mr G.Cathcart 1 
Mr D.Bonomini 1 
Mr M.Johnston 1 
Total 

Managing Director and CEO 

Chief Technical Officer 
Chief Financial Officer 

Chief  Operating  Officer 

234,000 

77,500 
70,000 

66,749 

448,249 

140,400 

46,500 
42,000 

40,049 

268,949 

Total 

374,400 

124,000 
112,000 

106,798 

717,198 

1    During year ended 30 June 2023, the performance rights issued to Mr Bonomini lapsed as he resigned during the year.(2022: Mr G Cathcart and Mr M 
Johnston holdings lapsed due to resignation).

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

When is performance measured? 

Performance  rights  may  vest  at  any  time  during  the  three-year  period  to  30  September  2023,  subject  to  the  abovementioned  performance 
milestones. Performance rights lapse if the employment of the executive is terminated with cause, or by resignation, prior to vesting. 

Performance rights may vest prior to the satisfaction of the vesting conditions upon a change of control event, or if the Board allows early exercise 
on cessation of employment or in light of specific circumstances. 

No performance rights vested under the 2020 LTI Plan for the year ended 30 June 2023. 

How is performance measured? 

Awards  are  subject  to  the  market  capitalisation  of  the  Group.  The  performance  rights  link  the  rewards  payable  to  KMPs  to  the  creation  of 
shareholder value by increasing the share price of the Company. The Company’s share price at the date of calling the AGM to approve the CEO 
LTIs was $1.14 per share. The vesting of performance rights will only occur where the Company’s share price increases to $1.50 and 
$2.50 per share as set out in the abovementioned tables. 

Actual LTI performance for the year ending 30 June 2023 

During the financial year, no rights vested under the 2020 LTI Plan or for any other earlier plans issued in previous financial years. 

OTHER EQUITY PLANS 

Orbital has a history of providing employees with the opportunity to participate in ownership of shares in the Company using equity to support 
a competitive base remuneration position. 

Employee Share Plan 

Eligible employees are offered shares in the Company, at no cost to the employees, to the value of $1,000 per annum under the terms of the 
Company’s Employee Share Plan. There are no performance conditions, because the plan is designed to align the interests of participating 
employees with those of shareholders. No Directors or KMPs participated in the share plan in 2023 (2022: Nil). 

CONTRACTS FOR KMP 

All KMP have a contract for employment. The table below contains a summary of the key contractual provisions of the contracts of employment 
for the KMP. 

Fixed Remuneration 

Contract Duration 

Termination notice 
period (Company)1, 2 

Termination notice 
period (Executive) 

Current KMP 

T Alder 

T Spencer 

Former KMP 

D Bonomini 

G Cathcart 3 

M Johnston 

M Bergman 

$390,000 

$280,000 

$297,372 

$291,856 

$290,000 

$280,000 

Unlimited 

Unlimited 

Unlimited 

Unlimited 

Unlimited 

Unlimited 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

3 months 

1 Termination provisions – Orbital may choose to terminate the contract immediately by making a payment in lieu of notice equal to the fixed remuneration the 
executive would have received during the ‘Company Notice Period’. In the event of termination for serious misconduct or other nominated circumstances, 
executives are not entitled to this termination payment. Any payments made in the event of a termination of an executive contract will be consistent with the 
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). 

2 On termination of employment, executives will be entitled to the payment of any fixed remuneration calculated up to the termination date and any leave 
entitlement accrued up to the termination date. Unvested LTI awards are forfeited upon termination for serious misconduct or employee initiated termination and 
at Board discretion if termination is initiated by the Company. 

3 In the event of the Group terminating the employment of Mr G Cathcart (Chief Technical Officer), other than by reason of serious misconduct or material breach 
of service agreement, an equivalent of three months salaries is payable, in addition to: 
• 
• 

two weeks’ salaries for each completed year of service to ten years of service 
one half of a week of salaries for each year of service beyond ten years of service 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

NON-EXECUTIVE  DIRECTORS  REMUNERATION 

Objective 

The Board seeks to set aggregate remuneration at a level that provides the Company with the ability to attract and retain Directors of the highest 
calibre, whilst incurring a cost that is acceptable to shareholders. 

Structure 

The amount of aggregate remuneration sought to be approved by shareholders and the fee structure is reviewed against fees paid to Non- 
Executive Directors of comparable companies. The Board considers advice from external consultants when undertaking the review process. 

The Company’s constitution and the ASX listing rules specify that the Non-Executive Directors’ fee pool shall be determined from time to time 
by a general meeting. The latest determination was at the 2001 Annual General Meeting (AGM) held on 25 October 2001 when shareholders 
approved an aggregate fee pool of $400,000 per year. The Board will not seek any increase for the Non-Executive Director pool at the 2023 
AGM. 

Fees 

Non-Executive Directors do not receive retirement benefits other than statutory superannuation contributions, where required, nor do they 
participate in any incentive programs. 

The Chairman of the Board receives a fee of $121,095 (2022: $120,548) and the Non-Executive Directors receive a base fee of $60,000 (2022: 
$60,000). 

The remuneration of Non-Executive Directors for the year ended 30 June 2023 and 30 June 2022 is detailed in Table 1 of this report on page 
13. 

The maximum annual aggregate fee pool limit is $400,000 and was approved by shareholders. 

OTHER TRANSACTIONS WITH KMP AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES 

There were no other transactions with KMPs and their related parties, such as purchases, sales and investments, for the year ended 30 June 
2023. 

REPORTING NOTES 

Reporting in Australian dollars 

In this report, the remuneration and benefits reported are in Australian dollars. This is consistent with the functional and presentational currency 
of the Company. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Statutory tables 
Table 1 - Compensation of Non-Executive Directors and executive KMP's for the year ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 

Short Term Benefits 

Post- 
Employment 

Long- 
term 
Benefits 

Share 
Based 
Payments 

Total 

s
e
e
F
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i

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a
a
S

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e
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u
n
o
B
h
s
a
C

Non-executive  Directors 

J Welborn 

Chairman and Director  (Non-executive) 

S Gallagher 

Director  (Non-executive) 

K Abbott 

Director  (Non-executive) 

Total Consolidated, all Non-executive 
directors 

Executive  Director 

T Alder 

Managing Director and Chief 
Executive  Officer 

Executive  Key Management  Personnel 

D Bonomini (1) 

Chief Financial Officer 

G Cathcart (2) 

Chief Technical Officer 

M Johnson (3) 

Chief Operating Officer 

M Bergman (4) 

Chief Technical Officer 

T Spencer (5) 

Chief Financial Officer 

Total Consolidated, Executive Key 
Management Personnel 

Total Consolidated, Non-executive 
directors, Executive directors, and 
Executive Key Management Personnel 

$ 

$ 

2023 

  109,589 

2022 

  109,589 

2023 

60,000 

2022 

60,000 

2023 

60,000 

2022 

60,000 

2023 

229,589 

2022 

229,589 

2023 

364,708 

2022 

366,432 

2023 

122,386 

2022 

273,270 

2023 

- 

2022 

327,442 

2023 

- 

2022 

179,329 

2023 

198,009 

2022 

 31,329 

2023 

146,947 

2022 

- 

2023 

832,050 

2022 

1,177,802 

2023 

1,061,639 

2022 

1,407,391 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 - 

- 

- 

- 

1. Mr. Bonomini ceased as a KMP on 31 October 2022 
2. Mr. Cathcart ceased as a KMP on 8 October 2021 
3. Mr. Johnston ceased as a KMP on 18 February 2022  
4. Mr. Bergman became a KMP on 05 May 2022 
5. Mr. Spencer became a KMP on 31 October 2022 

t

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r
a
e
n
o
m
-
n
o
N

$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 - 

- 

- 

- 

n
o

i
t

a
u
n
n
a
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e
p
u
S

l

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y
o
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E

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o
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t

a
o
T

s
t
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m
e

l
t
i
t

n
E
e
v
a
e
L

$ 

$ 

$ 

  109,589 

11,506 

  109,589 

10,959 

60,000 

60,000 

60,000 

60,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

229,589 

11,506 

229,589 

10,959 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

n
a
P

l

s
t

h
g
R

i

e
c
n
a
m
r
o

f
r
e
P

$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

n
o

i
t

a
r
e
n
u
m
e
r

f

o

n
o

i
t
r
o
p
o
r

P

t

d
e
a
e
r

l

e
c
n
a
m
r
o

f
r
e
p

% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

n
o

i
t

a
r
e
n
u
m
e
R

l

a

t

o
T

$ 

121,095 

120,548 

60,000 

60,000 

60,000 

60,000 

241,095 

240,548 

364,708 

25,292 

33,954 

58,004 

481,958 

12% 

366,432 

23,568 

27,727 

95,170 

512,897 

19% 

122,386 

10,700 

(22,410) 

(57,715) 

52,961 

-109% 

273,270 

23,568 

5,615 

27,964 

330,417 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8% 

0% 

327,442 

9,304 

(298,414) 

(20,951) 

17,381 

-121% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

0% 

179,329 

16,395 

(30,760) 

(18,045) 

146,919 

-12% 

198,009 

18,774 

(3,123) 

 31,329 

 3,133 

3,123 

146,947 

14,592 

12,608 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

213,660 

37,585 

174,147 

- 

832,050 

69,358 

21,029 

    289 

922,726 

1,177,802 

75,968 

(292,709) 

84,138 

1,045,199 

1,061,639 

80,864 

21,029 

    289 

1,163,821 

1,407,391 

86,927 

(292,709) 

84,138 

1,285,747 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

8% 

0% 

7% 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’  REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Table 2 – Summary of CEO and Executive 

Type of equity 

Grant date 

Expiry date 

Awarded 
but not 
vested 

Vested 

%  of  total 
vested 

Lapsed 

T Alder 
Director  and  Chief  Executive 
Officer 

D Bonomini 

Chief Financial Officer 

Equity rights 

27 October 2017 

10 August 2020 

255,000 

- 

- 

255,000 

Equity rights 

27 October 2017 

10 August 2020 

Equity rights 

23 May 2018 

10 August 2020 

Equity rights 

4 December 2020 

30 September 2023 

Equity rights 

4 December 2020 

30 September 2023 

Equity rights 

23 May 2018 

10 August 2020 

Equity rights 

28 October 2020 

30 September 2023 

Equity rights 

28 October 2020 

30 September 2023 

- 

- 

234,000 

140,400 

- 

70,000 

42,000 

340,000 

647,250 

- 

- 

100% 

100% 

- 

- 

19,391 

100% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

70,000 

42,000 

Fair 
value 
 of 
equity 
 ($)  1 

0.278 

0.365 

0.316 

0.808 

0.538 

0.209 

0.841 

0.614 

1. 

2. 

In accordance with AASB2 Share-based Payments, the fair value of variable pay rights as at the grant date has been determined by applying the Monte Carlo | trinomial 
valuation  model. For the assumptions used in the valuation of the rights, please refer to note F.2. The amount included as remuneration is not related to or indicative of the 
benefit (if any) that  individual executives may ultimately realise should these equity instruments vest. 
Mr. Bonomini resigned as Chief Financial Officer on 31 October 2022. 

Table 3 – KMP share and equity holdings 

Details of shares and rights help by KMP including their personally related entities for the 2023 financial year are as follows: 

Type of equity 
(1) 

Opening 
holding at 
1 July 2022 

Rights allocated in 
2023 

Rights lapsed in 
2023 

Net Changes 
other (2) 

Closing 
holding at 
30 June 2023 (3) 

Non-executive  Directors 

J Welborn 

S Gallagher 

K Abbott 

Executive  Directors 

T Alder 

Executives 

D Bonomini (4) 

Shares 

Options 

Shares 

Options 

Shares 

Options 

991,667 

- 

116,668 

- 

35,000 

- 

Equity Rights 

Shares 

Options 

1,361,650 

434,389 

- 

Equity Rights 

Shares 

131,391 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,000,000 

500,000 

100,000 

50,000 

50,000 

25,000 

(987,250) 

1,037,250 

25,000 

(112,000) 

(19,391) 

19,391 

- 

- 

1,991,667 

500,000 

216,668 

50,000 

85,000 

25,000 

  374,400 

1,471,639 

  25,000 

- 

19,391 

1. Opening holding represents amounts carried forward in respect of KMP. 
2. Net Other Changes includes KMP participation in the equity and options placement during the year and partial conversion of T Alder and D Bonomini performance rights into ordinary shares 

upon meeting performance conditions. 

3. Closing equity rights holdings represent unvested rights held at the end of the reporting period.  
4. Mr. Bonomini resigned as Chief Financial Officer on 31 October 2022. 

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors: 

End of Remuneration Report 

J P Welborn 
Chairman 

T M Alder 
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Dated at Perth, Western Australia this 21 September 2023 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 

Auditor’s Independence Declaration 

As lead auditor for the audit of Orbital Corporation Limited for the year ended 30 June 2023, I declare 
that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been: 

(a)  no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in 

relation to the audit; and 

(b)  no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit. 

This declaration is in respect of Orbital Corporation Limited and the entities it controlled during the 
period. 

Ian Campbell 
Partner 
PricewaterhouseCoopers 

Perth 
21 September 2023 

PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757 
Brookfield Place, 125 St Georges Terrace, PERTH  WA  6000, GPO Box D198, PERTH  WA  6840 
T: +61 8 9238 3000, F: +61 8 9238 3999, www.pwc.com.au 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          15 

 
 
   
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
CONTENTS 

Financial statements 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other 
comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements 
1.A About these statements 

A. Current year performance 

A.1 Operating segments 

A.2 Revenue 

A.3 Other income 

A.4 Expenses 

A.5 Taxes 

A.6 Earnings per share (EPS) 

B. Growth assets 

B.1 Plant and equipment 

B.2 Intangible assets 

C. Working capital management 
C.1 Inventories 

C.2 Trade and other receivables 

C.3 Cash and cash equivalents 

C.4 Other financial assets 

C.5 Trade and other payables 

C.6 Deferred revenue 

C.7 Leases 

D. Debt and capital 

D.1 Borrowings 

D.2 Share capital 

D.3 Option Reserves 

D.4 Reserves 

E. Other assets and liabilities 

E.1 Provisions 

F. Other notes 

F.1 Key management personnel compensation 

F.2 Related parties 

F.3 Share based payments 

F.4 Subsidiaries 

F.5 Parent entity information 

F.6 Auditor remuneration 

F.7 Events after the end of the reporting period 

F.8 Other accounting policies 

F.9 New accounting standards 

Directors' declaration 

Independent auditor's report 

Shareholding details 

Corporate information 

41 

42 

42 

43 

44 

45 

45 

46 

47 

47 

48 

48 

48 

48 

49 

50 

56 

57 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

25 

25 

27 

28 

29 

31 

32 

34 

37 

38 

38 

39 

39 

39 

40 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND 
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Notes 

A.2 

A.3 

A.4(d) 

A.4(a) 

B.2 

A.4(b) 

E.1 

A.4(c) 

A.5 

Continuing operations 

Sale of goods 

Engineering services revenue 

Royalty and licence revenue 

Interest revenue 

Total revenue 

Other income 

Materials and consumables expenses 

Reversal/(write down) of excess inventory 

Employee benefits expenses 

Depreciation expenses 

Amortisation of intangibles  

Engineering consumables and contractor expenses 

Occupancy expenses 

Travel and accommodation expenses 

Communications and computing expenses 

Patent expenses 

Insurance expenses 

Audit, compliance and listing expenses 

Finance costs 

Allowance for impairment of other receivables 

Warranty expenses 

Other expenses  

Foreign exchange gains/(losses) 

Loss before income tax from continuing operations 

Income tax expense 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Other comprehensive income 

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive profit/(loss) for the year 

Attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent 

Total comprehensive profit/(loss) for the year 

Earnings per share 
Basic profit/(loss) for the year attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent 
(cents) 
Diluted profit/(loss) for the year attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent 
(cents) 

Earnings per share from continuing operations 
Basic profit/(loss) for the year attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent 
(cents) 
Diluted profit/(loss) for the year attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent 
(cents) 

A.6 

A.6 

A.6 

A.6 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements. 

2023 

$'000 

12,350  

4,426  

 -   

26  

16,802  

5,711  

(8,216) 

404  

(8,648) 

(1,046) 

(276) 

(792) 

(718) 

(255) 

(744) 

(191) 

(832) 

(540) 

(214) 

 -   

(236) 

(249) 

60  

20  

 -   

20  

2  

22 

22 

22 

0.02  

0.02  

0.02 

0.02  

2022 

$'000 

12,641  

3,075  

5  

1  

15,722  

2,543  

(6,511) 

(2,980) 

(9,641) 

(980) 

(276) 

(526) 

(542) 

(306) 

(981) 

(386) 

(1,047) 

(465) 

(670) 

(75) 

(91) 

(580) 

731  

(7,061) 

(4,070) 

(11,131) 

(495) 

(11,626) 

(11,626) 

(11,626) 

(12.92) 

(12.92) 

(12.92) 

(12.92) 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
              
  
          
              
  
          
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
              
  
          
              
  
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 30 JUNE 2023 

ASSETS 
Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Other financial assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Inventories 

Prepayments 

Finance lease receivable 

Total current assets 

Non-current assets 

Intangibles 

Plant and equipment 

Inventories 

Right-of-use asset 

Finance lease receivable 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities 

Trade payables and other liabilities 

Deferred revenue 

Borrowings 

Government grants 

Lease liabilities 

Provisions 

Total current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Lease liabilities 

Borrowings 

Provisions 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity 

Share capital 

Options reserve 

Reserves 

Accumulated losses 

Total equity 

Notes 

C.3 

C.4 

C.2 

C.1 

C.7 

B.2 

B.1 

C.1 

C.7 

C.7 

C.5 

C.6 

D.1 

C.7 

E.1 

C.7 

D.1 

E.1 

D.2 

D.3 

D.4 

2023 

$'000 

2,292  

751  

2,125  

5,980  

191  

430  

2022 

$'000 

2,363  

586  

1,007  

11,074  

172  

184  

11,769  

15,386  

3,238  

1,299  

2,238  

1,141  

253  

8,169  

19,938  

1,979  

1,243  

1,452  

 -   

752  

4,096  

9,522  

1,083  

2,344  

51  

3,478  

13,000  

6,938  

41,380  

1,033  

2,594  

(38,069) 

6,938  

3,402  

1,705  

1,776  

341  

 -   

7,224  

22,610  

3,060  

4,046  

8,486  

113  

766  

3,892  

20,363  

 -   

 -   

48  

48  

20,411  

2,199  

37,683  

 -   

2,605  

(38,089) 

2,199  

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          18 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

)
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q
e

l

a

t

o
T

D.4 

D.4 

D.3 

l

a

t
i

p
a
c

e
r
a
h
S

D.2 

$'000 

$'000 

$'000 

$'000 

$'000 

$'000 

37,683  

(38,089) 

2,665  

(60) 

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

36  

20  

 -   

20  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

(13) 

2,652  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

1,033  

 -   

 -   

2  

2  

 -   

 -   

 -   

2,199  

20  

2  

22  

3,662  

1,033  

23  

6,938  

41,380  

(38,069) 

(58) 

1,033  

31,265  

(26,958) 

2,600  

435  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

(11,131) 

 -   

 -   

(11,131) 

6,374  

44  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

65  

 -   

 -   

(495) 

(495) 

 -   

 -   

37,683  

(38,089) 

2,665  

(60) 

-    

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

7,342  

(11,131) 

 -   

(495) 

(11,626) 

6,374  

109  

2,199  

Issue of ordinary shares, net of costs 

3,662  

Notes 

At 1 July 2022 

Loss for the year 

Foreign currency translation 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Issue of share options 

Share based payments 

At 30 June 2023 

At 1 July 2021 

Loss for the year 

Transfer to accumulated losses 

Foreign currency translation 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Issue of ordinary shares 

Share based payments 

At 30 June 2022 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
        
            
               
             
            
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Cash receipts from customers 

Cash paid to suppliers and employees 

Cash receipts from R&D rebates 

Interest received 

Interest paid 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Payments for financial instruments 

Purchase of plant and equipment 

Grant rebates received 

Payments for intangible asset 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Proceeds from issues of shares and options 

Share issue transaction costs 

Principal elements of lease payments 

Net cash from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at 1 July 
Effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the balances of cash held in foreign 
currencies 
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 June 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements. 

Notes 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

12,937  

18,918  

(16,938) 

(22,886) 

732  

26  

(251) 

 C.3  

(3,494) 

D.2 

(166) 

(290) 

920  

(836) 

(372) 

5,000  

(305) 

(807) 

3,888  

22  

2,363  

(93) 

C.3 

2,292  

 -   

1  

(127) 

(4,094) 

 -   

(505) 

 -   

(1,697) 

(2,202) 

6,479  

(105) 

(986) 

5,388  

(908) 

3,116  

155  

2,363  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

1.A  About these statements 
Orbital Corporation Ltd ("Orbital" or the "Group") is a for-
profit company limited by shares, incorporated and 
domiciled in Australia. Its shares are publicly traded on the 
Australian Stock Exchange ("ASX"). The registered office 
is 4 Whipple Street, Balcatta, Western Australia.  

  On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of 

foreign operations are translated into Australian 
dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the 
reporting date and their statements of profit or loss 
are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the 
dates of the transactions. 

The nature of the operations and principal activities of the 
Group are described in the Directors Report and in the 
segment information in Note A.1. 

The financial statements were authorised for issue in 
accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 21 
September 2023.The Directors have the power to amend 
and reissue the financial report. 

1.B Statement of compliance 
The financial statements are general purpose financial 
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with 
the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), 
Australian Accounting Standards and other authoritative 
pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards 
Board. The financial statements comply with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board. 

The Group has not early adopted any standards, 
interpretations or amendments that have been issued but 
not yet effective. The adoption of these standards, 
interpretations or amendments will not significantly impact 
the Group's accounting policies, financial position or 
performance. 

1.C Currency 
The financial statements are presented in Australian 
dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company. 
Transactions are recorded in the functional currency of the 
transacting entity using the spot rate. Monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are 
translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange 
at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or 
translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or 
loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of 
historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using 
the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.  

The exchange differences arising on translation for 
consolidation are recognised in the Foreign 
Currency Translation Reserve (FCTR), via Other 
Comprehensive Income (OCI). On disposal of a 
foreign operation, the component of FCTR relating 
to that particular foreign operation is reclassified to 
profit or loss. 

1.D Rounding of amounts 
The Company is of a kind referred to in ASIC 
Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors’ 
Reports) Instrument 2016/191, dated 24 March 
2016, and in accordance with that Instrument, 
amounts in the financial report and Directors’ 
Report have been rounded off to the nearest 
thousand dollars unless otherwise indicated. 

1.E Basis of preparation 

  The consolidated financial statements have been 

prepared on the historical cost basis. 

  The financial statements comprise the financial 
results of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 30 
June each year. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated 
from the date of which control is obtained by the 
Group and cease to be consolidated from the date 
at which the Group ceases to have control. 

The financial statements of subsidiaries are 
prepared for the same reporting period as the 
parent company, using consistent accounting 
policies. All intercompany balances and 
transactions, including unrealised profits and 
losses arising from intra-group transactions, have 
been eliminated in full.  
Profit or loss and other comprehensive income are 
attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the 
Group, and to the non-controlling interests, even if 
this results in the non-controlling interests having a 
deficit balance. 

  Comparative information has been reclassified 
where required for consistency with the current 
year's presentation. 

1.F Other accounting policies 
Significant and other accounting policies that 
summarise the measurement basis used and are 
relevant to understanding the financial statements 
are provided throughout the notes to the financial 
statements.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

1.G Financial and capital risk management 
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group's risk 
management strategy, policy and key risk parameters. The Board of Directors has oversight of the Group's internal 
control system and risk management process. The Group's management of financial and capital risks is aimed at 
ensuring that available capital, funding and cash flows are sufficient to meet the Group's financial commitments as 
and when they fall due and maintain the capacity to fund its committed project developments. During 2023 the 
Group's strategy remained unchanged from 2022, the gearing ratio at 30 June 2023 was 55% (2022: 386%). 
Gearing ratios are calculated by dividing net debt (as per note D.1) by total equity. 

The below risks arise in the normal course of the Group's business. Risk information can be found in the following 
sections: 

Section A     Foreign currency risk                 
Section C     Liquidity risk                             
Section C     Interest Rate risk                     
Section C     Credit risk                                
Section D     Capital risk            

Page 24 
Page 35 
Page 36 
Page 36 
Page 41 

1.H Key estimates and judgements 
In applying the Group's accounting policies, management continually evaluates judgements, estimates and 
assumptions based on experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have an 
impact on the Group. Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions made by management in the preparation 
of these financial statements are found in the following notes: 

Page 
Note    Key estimate/ judgement             
30 
A.5      Recoverability of deferred tax assets                                        
B.1      Impairment of non-current assets                                        
33 
C.1      Recoverable value of inventory                           37 
41 
D.1      Valuation of borrowings 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

1.J Going Concern 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the 
Group will continue its operations and be able to meet its obligations as and when they become due and 
payable.  

For the year ended 30 June 2023, the Group recorded an after tax profit of $20,000 and operating cash 
outflows of $3,494,000. As at 30 June 2023, the Group had net assets of $6,938,000 and net current assets of 
$2,247,000. The Group also had cash outflows from investing activities of $372,000 and cash inflows from 
financing activities of $3,888,000. 

The going concern assumption is based on the Group’s cash flow projections and existing cash reserves as at 
30 June 2023 and covers a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report.  

The projections show that the continuing viability of the Group and its ability to continue as a going concern and 
meet its debts and commitments as they fall due is dependent upon a number of factors including: 

•  Successful continued development of new engine models, leading to further committed engineering and 
production revenues. 
•  Achieving the milestones required under the terms of the WA government loan, as described in note D.1, 
such that grants are received and repayments are not required within the forecast period. 
•  Achieving forecasted operational performance and positive operational cash flows from the existing engine 
production and engineering programs. 
•  Reducing overheads through cost saving initiatives. 
•  Securing funding above and beyond the Group’s existing committed facilities if required. 

As a result of these matters, there is a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Group's 
ability to continue as a going concern and therefore that the Group may be unable to realise its assets and 
discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. 

The Directors consider that the Group will be successful in the above matters and have therefore prepared the 
financial report on a going concern basis. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

In this section 
This section addresses financial performance of the Group for the reporting period including, where applicable, the 
accounting policies applied and the key estimates and judgements made. The section also includes the tax position of 
the Group for and at the end of the reporting period. 

A.1  Operating segments 
A.2  Revenue 
A.3  Other income 
A.4  Expenses 
A.5  Taxes 
A.6  Earnings per share 

Page 25 
Page 25 
Page 27 
Page 28 
Page 29 
Page 31 

Financial risks in this section 
Foreign currency risk 
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate as a result of changes 
in foreign exchange rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates to the Group’s 
operating activities, in which sales and purchases are denominated in foreign currencies.  

The Group manages its exposure to foreign currency risk by regularly monitoring and performing sensitivity analysis on 
the Group's financial position and performance as a result of movements in foreign exchange rates. The Group holds 
bank accounts in foreign denominated currencies which are converted to Australian dollars through rate orders for 
targeted exchange rates. The Group has foreign currency hedging facilities available as part of its bank facilities. 
Currently the Group does not directly hedge against its foreign currency exchange risk to a material extent. 

Exposure 
The Group’s exposure to USD at the reporting date for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 are as follows:  

Financial assets   

Cash and cash equivalents  

Trade and other receivables  

Financial liabilities  

Trade and other payables  

2023 
A$'000 

2022 
A$'000 

        1,159  

            832  

            623  

            954  

              95  

            511  

For the year ended 30 June 2023, revenue from external customers denominated in USD was A$7,034,000 (2022: 
A$12,180,000). 

Sensitivity 
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in USD exchange rates, with all other 
variables held constant. The impact on the Group’s profit before tax is due to changes in the fair value of monetary 
assets and liabilities. There is no impact on changes in foreign currencies on other comprehensive income. The Group’s 
exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material.  

The Group has used the observed range of actual historical rates for the preceding five-year period, with a heavier 
weighting placed on recently observed market data, in determining reasonably possible exchange movements as part of 
their sensitivity analysis. Past movements in exchange rates are not necessarily indicative of future movements.  

2023 

2022 

Change in  
AUD/USD rate 
+10% 

Increase / (Reduction) on 
profit before taxes 
(153) 

-10% 

+10% 

-10% 

187  

(116) 

142  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          24 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

A. CURRENT YEAR PERFORMANCE 

A.1     Operating segments 

Identification of reportable segments 
The Group has identified its operating segments based on the internal reports that are reviewed and used by the 
executive management team (the chief operating decision makers) in assessing performance and in determining the 
allocation of resources. 
Segment performance is evaluated based on Revenue and Earnings Before Interest and Tax ("EBIT") which is 
allocated to the reportable segments according to the geographic location in which the item arose or relates to. 
The geographical location of the segment assets is based on the physical location of the assets. 
Segment information 
Year ended 30 June 2023 

Consolidated 

US 

Australia 
2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

Segment 
revenue 
EBIT 
Finance expenses 
Profit/(loss) before income tax 

Assets 

Liabilities 
Net assets 

A.2     Revenue 

Revenue 
Total external revenue 

Timing of revenue recognition 
At a point in time 
Over time 

16,802   15,722  

 -   

 -   

16,802  

15,722  

449  
(192) 
257  

(5,921) 
(645) 
(6,566) 

(215) 
(22) 
(237) 

(470) 
(25) 
(495) 

234  
(214) 
20  

(6,391) 
(670) 
(7,061) 

Australia 
2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 
18,498   22,457  
11,399   20,199  
2,258  

7,886  

US 

Consolidated 

2023 
$'000 
 1,440   
1,601  
(161) 

2022 
$'000 
153  
212  
(59) 

2023 
$'000 
19,938  
13,000  
6,938  

2022 
$'000 
22,610  
20,411  
2,199  

Australia 
2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 
16,802   15,722  
16,802   15,722  

12,376   12,647  
3,075  
16,802   15,722  

4,426  

US 

Consolidated 

2023 
$'000 

2022 
$'000 

 -   
 -   

 -   
 -   
 -   

 -   
 -   

 -   
 -   
 -   

2023 
$'000 
16,802  
16,802 

2022 
$'000 
15,722  
15,722  

12,376  
4,426  
16,802  

12,647  
3,075  
15,722  

Revenues of approximately $7,440,000 (2022: $11,570,000) were derived from a single external customer.  

Recognition and measurement 
Revenue is recognised in accordance with the core principle by applying the following steps: 
  • Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer 
  • Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract 
  • Step 3: Determine the transaction price 
  • Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract 
  • Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation 
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised:  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

A.2     Revenue (continued) 

· Revenue from rendering of services 
The Group's general terms and conditions with customers specify a right to payment for work completed, therefore 
performance obligations are satisfied over time. Using the output method for revenue recognition, the Group recognises 
revenue based on an appraisal of results achieved or percentage complete.  

· Sale of goods 
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on a per-unit basis as the goods are delivered to the customer premise, 
which is deemed to be the time when the performance obligation is performed.  
Revenue for goods sold but not delivered is recognised if: 
(a) the reason for the bill-and-hold arrangement must be substantive; 
(b) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer; 
(c) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer: 
(d) the entity cannot have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer. 
A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional 
because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due. 

· Interest revenue 
Interest revenue is recorded using the effective interest rate method ("EIR"). The EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the 
estimated cash receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net 
carrying amount of the financial asset. 

Assets and liabilities related to contracts with customers 
The Group has recognised the following assets and liabilities related to contracts with customers: 

Contract Liabilities 

Deferred revenue 

Refer to Note C.6 deferred revenue for a breakdown of deferred revenue recognised in the current year. 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

1,243  

4,046  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

A.3     Other income 

Grant income 

Rental income  

Research and development grant  

Other 

Recognition and measurement 

· Grant income 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

4,825  

2,093  

150  

732  

4  

122  

134  

194  

5,711  

2,543  

In FY23, Orbital achieved the relevant operational milestones and reduced the WA government loan value by $4.5M. 
Accounting standards require interest to be imputed while the loan is interest free. The benefit of the loan reduction of 
$4.5M and it being interest free $0.3M are recognised as grant income, in accordance with AASB 120 Accounting for 
Government Grants. Refer to Note D.1 for further details. 

· Research and development grant 

In accordance with research and development tax legislation the Group is entitled to a refundable R&D tax offset 
accounted for as research and development grant. Government grants are recognised when it is probable that the grant 
will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as 
a reduction in the related asset. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic 
basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. 

· Other income 

The other income represents non-recurring IP sales. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

A.4     Expenses 

(a)     Employee benefits expense 

(d)      Materials and consumable expenses 

Salaries and wages 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
         6,351  

$'000 
         6,831  

Defined contribution plans 

            798  

            876  

Share based payments (Note F.3) 

              23  

            109  

Annual and long service leave 
Other personnel costs 

            807  
            669  

         1,008  
            817  

         8,648  

         9,641  

(b)     Finance costs 

Interest expense 

(c)      Other expenses 

Administration 

Marketing and investor relations 

Corporate consulting services 

Freight 

Other 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

            214  

            670  

            214  

            670  

2023 

$'000 
119  

27  

 -   

66  

37  

249  

2022 

$'000 
118  

100  

147  

166  

49  

580  

  Raw materials and consumables  
  Change in inventories 

2023 

$'000 
3,122  

5,094  

8,216  

2022 

$'000 
4,818  

1,693  

6,511  

Recognition and measurement 

· Defined contribution plans 

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution 
superannuation funds are recognised as an expense as 
incurred.  

The Group contributes to defined contribution plans for 
the provision of benefits to Australian employees on 
retirement, death or disability. Employee and employer 
contributions are calculated on percentages of gross 
salaries and wages. Apart from contributions required 
under law, there is no legally enforceable right for the 
Group to contribute to a superannuation plan.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

  The Group has unused tax losses that arose in Australia, 
for which no deferred tax assets have been recognised of 
$52,846,066 (2022: $46,875,353) and are available 
indefinitely for offsetting against future taxable profits of 
the Group and its controlled entities in which those losses 
arose. 

  Under the tax laws of the United States of America, 
unused tax losses that cannot be fully utilised for tax 
purposes during the current period may be carried forward 
into future periods, subject to statutory limitations. At 30 
June 2023, the Group had unused tax losses for which no 
deferred tax assets have been recognised of 
US$13,764,000 (2022: US$13,764,000) of which 
US$9,518,000 will expire by 2023. 

  Recognition and measurement 

· Current income tax 

  Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at 
the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the 
taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to 
compute the amount are those that are enacted at the 
reporting date in the countries where the Group operates 
and generates taxable income. 

· Deferred tax 

  Deferred tax is provided for using the full liability method 

on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets 
and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial 
reporting purposes at the reporting date.  

A.5     Taxes 

The major components of the income tax expense for the 
years ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 are:  

Deferred income tax expense 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Total income tax expense 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

                 -           (4,393) 

                 -                323  

                 -           (4,070) 

The reconciliation of the income tax benefits/(expenses) 
and accounting profit multiplied by the Australian domestic 
tax rate for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 are:  

Accounting profit/(loss) before tax 
from continuing operations 

Accounting profit/(loss) 
before income tax 

At Australia's statutory income tax 
rate of 25.0% (2022: 25.0%) 

Adjustments in respect of the 
change in statutory income tax rate 

Difference in overseas tax rates 
Non assessable income 
Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Deferred tax asset derecognised 

Non-deductible expenses 

Income tax expense 
Income tax expense reported in the 
statement of profit or loss 

2023 

$'000 
20  

2022 

$'000 
(7,061) 

20  

(5) 

(7,061) 

1,765  

 -   

 -   
 -   
 -   

(183) 

 -   

188  

(107) 

(20) 
33  
323  
(2,326) 

(4,070) 

332  

 -   

(4,070) 

 -   

(4,070) 

Deferred tax balances comprise of the following deferred 
tax assets/(deferred tax liabilities): 

Inventory 

Revenue received in advance 

Plant and equipment 

Provisions and accruals 

Intangible asset 

ROU leasing assets 

ROU leasing liabilities 

Foreign exchange gains/losses 

Other 

Unrecognised temporary differences 
Net deferred tax asset 

2023 

$'000 
639  

311  

25  

1,256 

(809) 

(97)  

138 

29  

 61   

(1,553) 

2022 

$'000 
747  

998  

(47) 

1,179  

(761) 

(126) 

127  

(14) 

(254) 

(1,849) 

 -   

 -   

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

  Key estimate: Recoverability of deferred tax assets 
  At 30 June 2023, the Group recognised nil (2022: nil) of 
deferred tax assets after assessing the likelihood of 
offsetting unused tax losses against future taxable 
profits.  

  Offsetting deferred tax balances  
  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there 
is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets 
and liabilities and when they relate to income taxes 
levied by the same taxation authority on either the same 
taxable entity or different taxable entities that the Group 
intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a 
net basis.  

  Tax consolidation 
  Orbital Corporation Limited and its 100 per cent owned 

Australian resident subsidiaries formed a tax 
consolidated group with effect from 1 July 2002. Orbital 
Corporation Limited is the head entity of the tax 
consolidated group. Members of the tax consolidated 
group have entered into a tax sharing agreement that 
provides for the allocation of income tax liabilities 
between the entities should the head entity default on its 
tax payment obligations. No amounts were recognised 
in the financial statements in respect of this agreement 
on the basis that the probability of default was assessed 
as remote.  

  Orbital Corporation Limited and its controlled entities 
continue to account for their own current and deferred 
tax amounts. The Group has applied the 'separate 
taxpayer within Group' approach by reference to the 
carrying amount in the separate financial statements of 
each entity and the tax values applying under tax 
consolidation. In addition to its own current and deferred 
tax amounts, Orbital Corporation Limited also 
recognised current tax liabilities (or assets) and deferred 
tax assets arising from unused tax losses assumed from 
its controlled entities in the tax consolidated group.  

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences, except: 

• When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial 
recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a 
transaction that is not a business combination and, at the 
time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit 
nor taxable profit or loss 

• In respect of taxable temporary differences associated 
with investments in subsidiaries, when the timing of the 
reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and 
it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse 
in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible 
temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that 
taxable profit will be available against which the deductible 
temporary differences and carry forward of unused tax 
credits and unused tax losses may be utilised, except: 

• When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible 
temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of 
an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business 
combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects 
neither accounting profit or loss  

• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated 
with investments in subsidiaries, deferred tax assets are 
recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the 
temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future 
and taxable profit will be available against which the 
temporary differences may be utilised. 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at 
each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be 
available or allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be 
utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed 
at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent 
that it is probable that future taxable profits will allow the 
deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are 
expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or 
the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that 
have been enacted or substantively enacted at the 
reporting date. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

A.6     Earnings per share (EPS) 

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year 
attributable to ordinary equity holders of Orbital Corporation 
Limited (“the Parent”) by the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares outstanding during the year.  
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable 
to ordinary equity holders of the Parent by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the 
year, plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
that would be issued on conversion of all dilutive potential 
ordinary shares into ordinary shares.  

The following table reflects the income and share data used 
in the basic and diluted EPS computations:  

Performance rights granted to key management personnel 
were deemed potential ordinary shares. Refer to Note F.3 
for further details. 

  There have been no transactions involving ordinary 

shares or potential ordinary shares between the reporting 
date and the date of authorisation of the financial 
statements.  

The number of potential ordinary shares not considered 
dilutive and contingently issuable are as follows:  

Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary 
equity holders of the Parent: 

Continuing operations 

Discontinued operations  

Profit/(loss) attributable to  
equity holders of the Parent for 
basic earnings 

Weighted average number of 
ordinary shares for basic EPS 

Weighted average number of 
ordinary shares adjusted for the 
effect of dilution 

Options 

2023 

$'000 

2022 

$'000 

  Performance rights 
  Total 

20 

- 

(11,131) 

- 

20 

(11,131) 

2023 
Number 

2022 
Number 

104,435,036  86,161,094 

104,435,036  86,161,094 

Earnings per share 

Basic profit/(loss) per share 
Diluted profit/(loss) per share 

 Cents  
0.02 
0.02 

 Cents  
(12.92) 
(12.92) 

Earnings per share from continuing operations 

Basic profit/(loss) per share 

Diluted profit/(loss) per share 

 Cents  

 Cents  

0.02 

0.02 

(12.92) 

(12.92) 

 2022 
Number  

 2023  
Number 
      17,500,000  
- 
            430,464   1,549,105 
            17,930,464   1,549,105 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

B. GROWTH ASSETS 
In this section 
This section addresses the strategic growth and assets position of the Group at the end of the reporting period 
including, where applicable, the accounting policies applied and the key estimates and judgements made.  

B.1  Plant and equipment 
B.2 

Intangible assets 

Page 32 
Page 34 

B.1     Plant and equipment 
Plant and 
equipment 

Leasehold 
improvements 

Total 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

Gross carrying amount at cost 

At 1 July 2021 

Additions  

At 30 June 2022 

Additions  

Grant rebate 

At 30 June 2023 

13,301  

499  

13,800  

246  

(196) 

13,850  

2,582  

15,883  

6  

505  

2,588  

16,388  

44  

 -   

290  

(196) 

2,632  

16,482  

Depreciation and impairment  

At 1 July 2021 

Depreciation 

At 30 June 2022 

Depreciation 

At 30 June 2023 

Net book value  

At 30 June 2023 

At 30 June 2022 

(11,912) 

(393) 

(12,305) 

(452) 

(12,757) 

(2,324) 

(14,236) 

(54) 

(447) 

(2,378) 

(14,683) 

(48) 

(500) 

(2,426) 

(15,183) 

1,093  

1,495  

206  

210  

1,299  

1,705  

Plant and equipment was pledged as security under the 
Acknowledgement of Debt entered into with the 
Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation 
and is subject to floating charges. Refer to Note C.7 for 
lease disclosure and Note D.1 for further details. 

  Recognition and measurement 
  Plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of 
accumulated depreciation and accumulated 
impairment losses, if any. Such costs include the 
cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. 
When significant parts of plant and equipment are 
required to be replaced at intervals, the Group 
depreciates those parts separately based on their 
specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major 
inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the 
carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a 
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. 
All other repairs and maintenance costs are 
expensed as incurred to occupancy expenses in the 
statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive 
income. An item of plant and equipment is 
derecognised upon disposal or when no future 
economic benefits are expected from its use or 
disposal. Any gain or loss arising on the de-
recognition of the asset, calculated as the difference 
between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying 
amount of the assets, is included in other income or 
other expenses in the statement of profit or loss and 
other comprehensive income when the asset is 
derecognised.    

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

B.1     Plant and equipment (continued) 

Impairment of non-financial assets 
The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether 
there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If 
any indication exists, or when annual impairment 
testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the 
recoverable amount of the asset or cash generating 
unit (“CGU”). The recoverable amount of the asset or 
the CGU is the higher of its fair value less costs of 
disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount 
is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset 
does not generate cash flows that are largely 
independent of those from other assets or groups of 
assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU 
exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is 
considered impaired and is written down to its 
recoverable amount.  

Impairment losses of continuing operations are 
recognised in the statement of profit or loss in expense 
categories consistent with the function of the impaired 
asset. 

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash 
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-
tax discount rate that reflects current market 
assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific to the asset. In determining fair value less 
costs of disposals, recent market transactions are 
taken into account. If no such transactions can be 
identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. 
These calculations are corroborated by valuation 
multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded 
companies or other available fair value indicators.  

  Key estimate - Impairment of non-current assets      
  When indicators of impairment are identified, the 

Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed 
budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared 
separately for each of the Group’s CGUs to which the 
individual assets are allocated.  

During the year ended 30 June 2021, a strategic 
decision was made to cease production in the US and 
transition it to Australia. As a result, the CGUs located 
in the US became idle and not expected to generate 
any future cash flow in the short term, the US assets 
were written down to nil value. There were no 
indicators of impairment or reversal of impairment in 
the year ended 30 June 2023, with remaining assets 
expected to be recovered in full from future business 
activities.  

  Depreciation 
  Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over 

the estimated useful life as follows: 

  Plant and equipment:  3 to 15 years  

Leasehold improvements:  3 to 15 years  

The residual values, useful lives and methods of 
depreciation of plant and equipment are reviewed at 
each financial year-end and adjusted prospectively, as 
appropriate.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

B.2     Intangible assets 

Consolidated 
Year ended 30 June 2023 
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
R&D tax offset recognised  

Net carrying amount 
Movement 
Net carrying amount at the beginning of the year 
Additions 
Amortisation for the year 
R&D tax offset recognised  

Net carrying amount at the end of the year 

Year ended 30 June 2022 
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
R&D tax offset recognised  

Net carrying amount 
Movement 
Net carrying amount at the beginning of the year 
Additions 
Amortisation for the year 

Net carrying amount at the end of the year 

Model 2019 
Development 
$'000 

Model 2021 
Development 
$'000 

Total 
$'000 

2,611  
(1,147) 
(1,421) 

43  

319  
 -   

(276) 

43  

2,611  
(871) 
(1,421) 

319  

595  
 -   

(276) 
319 

3,919  
 -   

(724) 

3,195  

6,530  
(1,147) 
(2,145) 

3,238  

3,083  
836  
 -   

(724) 

3,195  

3,402  
836  
(276) 
(724) 

3,238  

3,083  
 -   
 -   

3,083  

5,694  
(871) 
(1,421) 

3,402  

1,386  
1,697  
 -   

3,083 

1,981  
1,697  
(276) 
3,402 

The intangible assets comprise of capitalised development costs for the advancement of the modular propulsion 
systems. The intangible assets will be amortised using the straight-line method over a finite period of five years from 
completion of development. 
Recognition and measurement 
Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition; intangible assets are carried 
at cost less amortisation, any impairment losses and research and development tax grants received. Intangible assets 
with finite useful lives are amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives and tested for impairment whenever 
there is an indication that they may be impaired. The amortisation period and method is reviewed at each financial 
year end. Model 2021 is in the late stages of development and so amortisation has not yet commenced. 

Intangible asset 
Internally generated intangible 

Research and development  

Useful life 
Finite (up to five years) 

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on individual projects are recognised as an 
intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate:  
• the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale  
• its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset 
• how the asset will generate future economic developments  
• the availability of resources to complete the asset 
• the ability to measure reliably the expenditure incurred during the development of the asset  

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any 
accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when the 
development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. 
During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

C. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

In this section 
This section addresses inventories, trade and other receivables, cash, other financial assets and trade and other payables of 
the Group at the end of the reporting period including, where applicable, the accounting policies applied and the key estimates 
and judgements made.  

C.1    Inventories 
C.2    Trade and other receivables 
C.3    Cash and cash equivalents 
C.4    Other financial assets 
C.5    Trade and other payables 
C.6    Deferred revenue 
C.7    Leases 

Page 37 
Page 38 
Page 38 
Page 39 
Page 39 
Page 39 
Page 40 

Financial and capital risks in this section 
Liquidity risk management 
Liquidity risk arises from the financial liabilities of the Group and the Group's subsequent ability to meet its obligations to repay 
financial liabilities as and when they fall due. The liquidity position of the Group is managed to ensure sufficient liquid funds are 
available to meet its financial commitments in a timely and cost effective manner. 

The Group's liquidity position is managed by the Board of Directors who regularly review cash-flow forecasts prepared by 
management, which includes the Group's short and long-term obligations, cash position and forecast liability position to 
maintain appropriate liquidity levels. At 30 June 2023, the Group has a total of $2,292,000 of cash at its disposal (2022: 
$2,363,000) and a net current asset position $2,247,000 (2022 net current liability: $4,977,000). The remaining contractual 
maturities of the Group's financial liabilities are: 

At 30 June 2023 
Borrowings1 
Trade payables and other 
liabilities 
Lease liabilities 

At 30 June 2022 
Borrowings 
Trade payables and other 
liabilities 
Lease liabilities 

Less than    3 
months 
$'000 

3-12 months 
$'000 

1-5 years  Over 5 years 
$'000 

$'000 

Total 
contractual 
cashflows 
$'000 

Carrying amount 
(assets)/liabilities 
$'000 

                -    

1,500 

        2,486  

                  -                  3,986  

           1,979  

                    -    

              -    

                  -                  1,979  

             314  
           2,293  

538 
2,038 

1,221 
3,707 

                  -                  2,074  
8,039 

- 

           8,486  

                    -    

              -    

                  -                  8,486  

           3,060  

                    -    

              -    

                  -                  3,060  

             295  
         11,841  

472 
472 

- 
- 

                  -                     767  
12,313 
                  -    

                  3,796    
                  1,979    
                  1,835    
                  7,610    

                  8,486    
                  3,060    
                     766    
                12,312    

 1 Refer to Note D.1 for details. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

Interest rate risk management 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the Group's financial position will fluctuate due to changes in the market interest rates. 
The Group's exposure to market interest rates relates primarily to the Group's cash and term deposits with financial 
institutions. The primary goal of the Group is to maximise returns on surplus cash, using deposits with maturities of 90 
days or less. Management continually monitors the returns on funds invested. The exposure to interest rate risk as at 
30 June 2023 is as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents (Note C.3) 
Short-term deposits (Note C.4) 

2023 

2022 

$'000  $'000 
2,292  2,363 

751 

586 

3,043  2,949 

A reasonably possible change in the interest rate (+0.5%/-0.5%) (2022: +0.5%/-0.5%)), with all variables held constant, 
would have resulted in a change in post tax profit/(loss) of $11,000/($11,000) (2022: $12,000)/($12,000) and no impact 
to other comprehensive income. 

Credit risk management 
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, 
leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating and investing activities, including 
trade receivables and short-term deposits with financial institutions. Maximum exposure to credit risk equals to the 
carrying amount of these financial assets (as outlined in each applicable note). The significant concentration of credit 
risk within the Group relate to receivable balances from the Group's major customer. 

The maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the statement of financial position at 30 June 2023 and 
2022 is the carrying amounts as illustrated in Note C.2.  

It is the Group's policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures 
including an assessment of their independent credit rating, financial position, past experience and industry reputation. 
Key individual customer receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis. The significant concentrations of 
credit risk within the Group relate to receivable balances from the Group's major customer and cash held with 
investment grade financial institutions. 

The investment of surplus cash in short-term deposits is only invested with a major financial institution to minimise the 
risk of default of counterparties.   

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

C.1     Inventories 

Raw materials  

Provision for impairment 

Work in progress  

Finished goods  

Current 
Non current 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
$'000 
8,944   11,946  

(2,558) 

(2,991) 

1,832  

3,671  

- 

224  

8,218   12,850  

5,980   11,074  
 2,238    1,776  

Recognition and measurement 
Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present 
location and condition are accounted for as follows:  

• Raw materials: weighted average cost   
• Finished goods and work in progress:  weighted average cost of direct materials and direct manufacturing labour and a 
proportion of manufacturing overhead costs 

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion 
and selling expenses. 

Key estimate - Recoverability of inventory 

The Group's inventory is predominantly composed of purchased parts used in the construction of engines for sale. The 
recoverability of inventory is therefore highly dependent on the level of expected future orders of those engines by the 
Group's customers. The estimate of engine sales used in the calculation of the provision recognised at reporting date is 
informed by discussions with the Group's customers as to expected volume requirements for the engine programs. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

C.2     Trade and other receivables 

  C.3     Cash and cash equivalents 

Trade receivables 

Other receivables 

Impairment of other receivables (a) 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
2,101  

$'000 
1,065  

873  

866  

(849) 

(924) 

2,125  

1,007  

(a) At 30 June 2023, the Group has $849,000 (2022: 
$924,000) as a provision for impaired receivables in 
respect of an amount receivable from Avidsys Pty Ltd as 
consideration for the disposal of REMSAFE Pty Ltd on 18 
December 2017. 

See the "Credit risk management" section on credit risk of 
trade receivables, which explains how the Group manages 
and measures the quality of trade receivables that are 
neither past due nor impaired. 

The Group's payment terms on trade receivables range 
from 30 - 35 days. The credit risk of trade receivables 
neither past due nor impaired was assessed as remote as 
historical default rates with associated customers are 
negligible. 

Recognition and measurement 
Trade and other receivables are non-derivative financial 
assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market.  

Trade and other receivables are recognised on initial 
recognition at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, 
trade receivables are measured at amortised cost using 
the effective interest rate method, less an allowance for 
uncollectible amounts.  

Impairment 
Trade receivables and contract assets are subject to the 
expected credit loss model. The Group applies the AASB 9 
simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses 
which uses the lifetime expected loss allowance for all 
trade receivable and contract assets. The identified 
impairment loss was immaterial. While cash and cash 
equivalents are also subject to the impairment 
requirements of AASB 9, the identified impairment loss 
was immaterial. 

Fair value 
The carrying amount of trade and other receivables 
approximates their fair value. 

Cash at bank 

2023 

$'000 
2,292 

2,292 

2022 

$'000 
2,363 

2,363 

The reconciliation of net loss after tax to net cash flows from 
operations for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 is as 
follows:   

Profit/(loss) after income tax from continuing 
operations 

Depreciation & amortisation (Note B.1) 

Government loan forgiven 

Interest expense  

Provision for excess stock 

Warranties (Note E.1) 

Employee benefits (Note E.1) 

Provision for doubtful debt 

Share based payment expense (Note F.3) 
Net foreign exchange gain 

Net cash used in operating activities before 
changes in assets and liabilities 

2023 

2022 

$'000 

$'000 
20   (11,131) 

777  

723  

(4,690) 

(1,387) 

 -   

 -   

(434) 

2,868  

236  

(29) 

(75) 
23  

14  

(675) 

75  
109  

2  

(416) 

(4,170) 

(9,820) 

Changes in assets and liabilities during the year: 

  Decrease/(increase) in receivables and 

prepayments 

(Increase)/decrease in inventories 

(Increase)/decrease in deferred tax assets 

 Increase/(decrease) in payables 

(984) 

3,234  

5,065  

(2,951) 

 -   

(3,405) 

676  

4,070  

1,373  

5,726  

Net cash used in operating activities 

(3,494) 

(4,094) 

Recognition and measurement 
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial 
position comprise cash at bank and short-term deposits with 
an original maturity of three months or less, which are 
subject to an insignificant risk as to change in value.  

Fair value 
The carrying amount of short-term deposits approximates 
their fair value.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

C.4     Other financial assets 

  C.6     Deferred revenue 

Deferred revenue includes revenue allocated to 
unsatisfied performance obligations in engineering 
services contracts with customers, unsatisfied 
performance obligations on sale of goods to customers 
and long-term advances received from customers.  

A reconciliation of deferred revenue for the years ended 
30 June 2023 and 2022 is as follows:   

  At 1 July 

Deferred during the year 
Released to the statement of profit or loss 

At 30 June 

2023 
$'000 
4,046  
7,825  
(10,629) 

2022 
$'000 
4,285  
6,156  
(6,395) 

1,243  

4,046  

Recognition and measurement 
Deferred revenue is recognised as a liability when 
consideration is received prior to performance obligations 
being satisfied with a customer. The deferred revenue is 
recognised as income over the periods that the 
performance obligations are met. 

Short term deposits 

2023 
$'000 
751 

751 

2022 
$'000 
586 

586 

The Group has pledged short term deposits of $751,000 
(2022: $586,000) as collateral for financing facilities.  

Short-term deposits 
Recognition and 
measurement 
Short-term deposits represent term deposits with financial 
institutions for periods greater than 90 days and less than 
365 days earning interest at the respective interest rate at 
time of lodgement. Short-term deposits are stated at 
amortised cost.  

Fair 
value 
The carrying amount of short-term deposits approximates 
their fair value.  

C.5     Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Other payables 

2023 
$'000 
1,979 
- 

1,979 

2022 
$'000 
2,846 
214 

3,060 

Recognition and measurement 
Trade and other payables are financial liabilities 
recognised when goods and services are received prior 
to the end of the reporting period, irrespective of whether 
or not billed to the Group. Trade and other payables are 
recognised on initial recognition at fair value. Subsequent 
to initial recognition, trade and other payables are 
measured at amortised cost.   

Fair 
value 
The carrying amount of trade and other payables 
approximates their fair value.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

C.7     Leases 
The Group leases various premises. Lease terms are 
negotiated on an individual basis and contain a range of 
different terms and conditions.  

Amounts recognised in the balance sheet 

Set out below is a summary of the amounts disclosed in the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position: 

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially 
measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities 
include the net present value of variable lease payments 
that are based on index or a rate. 

  Right-of-use assets 

Properties 
Total right-of-use assets 

The recognised right-of-use assets relate to the amount 
of the initial measurement of lease liability. 

Finance Lease Receivable 

A sub lease has been recognised as a Finance Lease 
Receivable under AASB 16 Leases. This reduced the 
right-of-use asset on adoption. 

  Current 

Non Current 

Lease payments are allocated between principal and 
finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss 
over the lease period so as to produce a constant 
periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the 
liability for each period. Payments associated with short-
term leases and leases of low-value assets are 
recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in 
profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease 
term of 12 months or less. 

Lease Liabilities 

Current 
Non Current 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
1,141 
1,141 

$'000 
341 
341 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
430 
253 
683 

$'000 
184 
- 
184 

2023 

2022 

$'000 
752 
1,083 
1,835 

$'000 
766 
- 
766 

  Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss 

The statement of profit or loss shows the following 
amounts relating to leases: 

Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets 
Impairment 
Interest expense (included in finance cost) 
Interest income 

2023 
$'000 
546 
- 
57 
- 

2022 
$'000 
533 
- 
77 
- 

The total cash outflow for leases in 2023 was $807,000 
(2022: $871,000). 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

D. DEBT AND CAPITAL 

In this section 
This section addresses the debt and capital position of the Group at the end of the reporting period including, 
where applicable, the accounting policies applies and the key estimates and judgements made.  

D.1       Borrowings 
D.2       Share capital 
D.3       Option reserves 
D.4       Reserves 

Page 41 
Page 42 
Page 42 
Page 43 

Financial and capital risks in this section 
Capital risk management 
For the purposes of the Group's capital management, capital includes contributed shareholder equity. When 
managing capital, management's objective is to ensure the entity continues as a going concern as well as to 
maintain optimal returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. Management also aims to maintain 
a capital structure that ensures the lowest cost of capital, provides a strong capital base so as to maintain 
investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. In order to maintain 
or adjust the capital structure, the Group may issue new shares or debt. 

D.1     Borrowings 

Current  
Non-current  

2023 
$'000 
1,452 
2,344 
3,796 

2022 
$'000 
8,486 
- 
8,486 

Changes in borrowings arising from financing 
activities are as follows:  

At 1 July 2022 
Loan forgiveness grant income 
Grant income (loan deferral) 
Interest expenses 
At 30 June 2023 

At 1 July 2021 
Loan forgiveness grant income 
Grant income (loan deferral) 
Interest expenses 
At 30 June 2022 

$'000 
8,486 
(4,500) 
(325) 
135 
3,796 

9,986 
(1,500) 
(593) 
593 
8,486 

On 25 January 2010, the Department of Jobs, 
Tourism, Science and Innovation ("JTSI") provided 
the Group with an interest-free loan of 
$14,346,000 under the terms of a Deed 
(Acknowledgment of Debt) (“the Deed”). The terms 
and conditions attached to the Deed are as 
follows:   

• The term of the loan was 25 January 2010 to 30 May 
2025  
• The loan balance $9.9M was reclassified as current 
borrowings under the loan terms in place at 30 June 
2021 while it was under renegotiation. 
• Orbital successfully renegotiated the loan and 
received formal confirmation of a Deed of Variation on 
31 January 2023.  
• The Deed of Variation changed the repayment due 
dates so that the term of the loan was reduced to 31 
December 2024.   
• The repayment offset options provide the potential to 
forgive the entire value of the loan. The offset 
provisions are contingent on the Company achieving 
operational milestones over the remaining period. 
• For the year ended June 2023, Orbital achieved 
various operational milestones and reduced the loan 
by $4.5M.  

Accounting standards require interest to be imputed 
while the loan is interest free. The benefit of extension 
of interest free terms agreed under the Deed of 
Variation ($0.3M) is recognised on contract effective 
date as grant income, in accordance with AASB 120 
Accounting for Government Grants.  

The interest-free loan is secured by way of a first 
ranking floating debenture over the whole of the assets 
and undertakings of the Group.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

D.2     Share capital 

Ordinary shares issued and fully paid 

Movement in ordinary shares 
At 1 July 2021 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Share issue transaction costs 
Employee Share plan 
At 30 June 2022 

At 1 July 2022 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Share issue transaction costs 
Employee Share plan 
At 30 June 2023 

Recognition and measurement 

2023 
$'000 
41,380 

Number 
77,658,776 
12,985,114 
- 
352,804 
90,996,694 

90,996,694 
25,000,000 
- 
1,238,610 
117,235,304 

2022 
$'000 
37,683 

$000's 
31,265 
6,479 
(105) 
44 
37,683 

37,683 
3,968 
(306) 
36 
41,380 

Share capital is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received. The cost of issuing shares is shown in the 
share capital as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Own equity instruments that are re-acquired are recognised 
at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or 
cancellation of the Group’s own equity instruments. The Company does not have authorised capital or par value in 
respect of its issued shares. 

Holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote 
per share at shareholders’ meetings. In the event of winding up of the Company, ordinary shareholders rank after 
creditors and are fully entitled to any proceeds of liquidation.  

D.3     Option Reserve 

Issued Options 

Movement in options 
At 1 July 2022 
Issue of options 
Revaluation 
At 30 June 2023 

2023 
$'000 
1,033 

Number 
- 
17,500,000 
- 
17,500,000 

2022 
$'000 
- 

$000's 
- 
1,033 
- 
1,033 

As part of the new share issue during the year, 17,500,000 new options were issued for nil cash consideration and were 
valued at $1,033,205 using the Black Scholes method of calculation at grant date of 7 February 2023. A volatility rate of 
99.8% and a risk-free rate of 3.16% was used in the calculation. The options are exercisable at $0.35 on or before the 
date that is 3 years after the date of issue. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

D.4     Reserves 

At 1 July 2021 

Foreign currency translation 

Rights issued pursuant to performance rights plan 

At 30 June 2022 

At 1 July 2022 

Foreign currency translation 

Rights issued pursuant to performance rights plan 

At 30 June 2023 

Nature and purpose of reserves 

Employee 
benefits 
reserve  
$000's 
2,600 

Foreign currency 
translation reserve 
$000's 
435 

Total 
$000's 
3,035 

(495) 

65 

2,605 

(495) 

- 

(60) 

(60) 

2,605 

2 

- 

2 

(13) 

(58) 

2,594 

- 

65 

2,665 

. 

2,665 

- 

(13) 

2,652 

Foreign currency translation reserve 
Used to record foreign exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign entities 
from their functional currency to the Group’s presentation currency. 

Employee benefits reserve 
The employee benefits reserve records the share-based payments provided to key management personnel as part of 
their long-term incentive remuneration. Refer to Note F.3 for further details.   

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

E. OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 

In this section 
This section addresses the other assets and liabilities position of the Group at the end of the reporting period 
including, where applicable, the accounting policies applies and the key estimates and judgements made.  

E.1       Provisions 

Page 44 

E.1     Provisions 

At 1 July 2022 

Arising during the year 

Utilised 

Expired 

At 30 June 2023 

Current 

Non-current 

At 1 July 2021 
Arising during the year 

Utilised 

At 30 June 2022 

Current 

Non-current 

Warranties 
$000's 

2,633 

338 

(11) 

(91) 

2,869 

2,869 

- 

2,869 

2,595 

157 

(119) 

2,633 

2,633 

- 

2,633 

Employee 
benefits 

$000's 

1,307 

681 

(710) 

- 

1,278 

1,227 

51 

1,278 

2,007 

518 

$000's 

3,940 

1,018 

(721) 

(91) 

4,147 

4,096 

51 

4,147 

4,602 

675 

(1,218) 

(1,337) 

1,307 

1,259 

48 

1,307 

3,940 

3,892 

48 

3,940 

Recognition and measurement 
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation, legal or construction, as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying benefits will be required to settle an obligation and 
a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.  

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that 
reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the 
provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.  

Provision for warranties 
The Group provides for a provision for warranties for general repairs for two years after its propulsion system 
assemblies ("PSA") are sold. The provision for warranties represents the liability for potential warranty claims 
against the Group and is recognised at the point in time when a PSA is sold. The valuation of the provision for 
warranties is based on the product of the estimated defect rate, the cost of the PSA and the volume of PSAs 
sold.  
Employee benefits 
The Group does not expect its long-service or annual leave benefits to be settled wholly within twelve months of 
each reporting date. These liabilities are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflow to 
be made to the employees using the projected unit credit method. Expected future payments are discounted 
using market yields at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds with terms to maturity and currencies 
that match, as closely as possible, estimated future cash flows.   

Other employee benefits expected to be wholly settled within one year after the end of the period in which the 
employees render the related services are classified as short-term benefits and are measured at the amount 
due to be paid.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

F. OTHER NOTES 

In this section 
This section addresses information on other items which require disclosure to comply with Australian Accounting 
Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). This section includes Group structure information and other 
disclosures.  

F.1    Key management personnel compensation 
F.2    Related parties  
F.3    Share based payments 
F.4    Subsidiaries 
F.5    Parent entity information 
F.6    Auditor remuneration 
F.7    Events after the end of the reporting period 
F.8    Other accounting policies 
F.9    New accounting standards 

45 
45 
46 
47 
47 
48 
48 
48 
48 

F.1    Key management personnel compensation 

Compensation of key management personnel of the 
Group 

Short term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Long-term employee benefits 
Share based payments 

2023 
$ 

2022 
$ 
1,061,639  1,407,391 
86,927 
(292,709) 
84,138 
1,163,821  1,285,747 

80,864 
21,029 
289 

The amounts disclosed in the table are the amounts recognised as an expense during the reporting period related to 
key management personnel. The compensation of key management personnel is included in the employee benefits 
expense in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.  

Refer to table 2 and table 3 of the Remuneration report for KMP share and equity holdings, including performance 
rights.  

F.2     Related parties 

Group structure 
Note F.4 provides information about the Group’s structure, including details of subsidiaries.  

Transactions with directors 
There were no transactions with directors during the year. Key management personnel compensation is disclosed in 
Note F.1. 
No other director or key management personnel entered into a material contract with the Group from the end of the 
previous financial year.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

F.3     Share based payments 

Equity-settled share based payment 
transactions 

2023 

$'000 

              23  

              23  

2022 

$'000 

109 

109 

There were no cancellations or modifications to awards in 
the 2023 or 2022 financial years. Share-based payment 
plans are explained below:  

Employee Share Plan No. 1 
The Group provides benefits to its employees in the form 
of share based payments in which employees render 
services for ordinary shares in the Group. Under the plan, 
each eligible employee is offered fully paid ordinary 
shares to a maximum value of $1,000 per annum.  

For the year ended 30 June 2023, 231,969 ordinary 
shares (2022: 104,520 ordinary shares) were issued on 9 
May 2023 at a market value on the date of issue of 
$35,955 (2022: $44,000).  

2020 Executive LTI Plan and 2020 CEO LTI Plan 
On 28 October 2020 and 04 December 2020, the Group 
issued 717,198 performance rights to key management 
personnel as part of their long-term incentive plan. The 
terms of the performance rights are set out on page 10 of 
the Directors' Report. During the year ended 30 June 
2023, no performance rights issued under the plan 
vested. The share based payment expense recognised 
for the year ended 30 June 2023 was $nil (2022: 
$64,000). 

Movements during the year  
The following table illustrates the number of performance 
rights during the year:  

Outstanding at 1 July 
Granted during the year 

Exercised during the year 

Lapsed during the year 

Outstanding at 30 June 

2023 
Number 

2022 
Number 
1,549,105  2,230,420 
- 

- 

(1,006,641) 

(240,250) 

(112,000) 

(441,065) 
430,464  1,549,105 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of 
performance rights outstanding at 30 June 2023 was 
0.25 years (2022: 1.25 years).  

The following tables list the inputs into the models used 
for the plans for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2022 
respectively:   

  Grant date  
Expiry date 

Share price at grant date 

Fair value ($/right) - Tranche 1 

Fair value ($/right) - Tranche 2 

Expected volatility  

Risk-free interest rate  

Remaining contractual life 

Model used 

2020 
Executive 
LTI Plan 
28/10/2020 

2020 CEO 
LTI Plan 
4/12/2020 

30/09/2023  30/09/2023 

$1.19 

0.970 

0.760 

70% 

$1.18 

0.980 

0.730 

70% 

0.12% 

0.13% 
1.25 years  1.25 years 

Monte 
Carlo 

Monte 
Carlo 

The expected life of the performance rights is based on 
historical data and current expectations and is not 
necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that may occur. 
The expected volatility of performance rights reflects the 
assumption that the historical volatility over a period similar 
to the life of the performance rights is indicative of future 
trends, which may not necessarily be the actual outcome.  

Recognition and measurement 
Employees, including key management personnel, of the 
Group receive remuneration in the form of share-based 
payments, whereby employees render services as 
consideration for equity instruments; that is, equity-settled 
transactions. The cost of equity-settled transactions is 
determined using the fair value of the equity instrument at 
the date when the grant is made using an appropriate 
valuation model.  

The cost arising from share-based payments is recognised 
as an employee benefits expense, together with a 
corresponding increase in equity over the period in which the 
service and, where applicable, the performance conditions, 
are fulfilled; that is, the vesting period. The cumulative 
expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each 
reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to 
which the vesting period has expired and the Group’s best 
estimate of the number of equity instruments that will 
ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of 
profit or loss and other comprehensive income represents 
the movement in the cumulative expense recognised as at 
the beginning and end of that period.  

Service and non-market performance conditions are not 
taken into account when determining the grant date fair 
value of the awards, but the likelihood of the condition being 
met is assessed as part of the Group’s best estimate of the 
number of shares that will vest. Market performance 
conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.  

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

F.4      Subsidiaries 

The ultimate parent company of the Group is Orbital Corporation Limited. The consolidated financial statements of the 
Group include:  

Class of 
shares 

Country of 
incorporation 

Principal 
activities 

% equity interest 

2023 

2022 

Entity 

Orbital Australia Pty Ltd 

Orbital Australia Manufacturing Pty Ltd 

OEC Pty Ltd 

S T Management Pty Ltd 

OFT Australia Pty Ltd 

Investment Development Funding Pty Ltd 

Power Investment Funding Pty Ltd 

Kala Technologies Pty Ltd  

Orbital Share Plan Pty Ltd 

Note 

(b) 
(c) 

(a) 

Ordinary 

Australia 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Ordinary 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Australia 

Orbital Holdings (USA) Inc. 
Orbital Fluid Technologies Inc. 

Ordinary  United States 
Ordinary  United States 

Orbital UAV USA, LLC 

Ordinary  United States 

Production & 
Development 

  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 
  Dormant 

  Dormant 
  Dormant 

Production & 
Development 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
100 

100 

(a) Orbital Share Plan Pty Ltd was established on 22 September 2008 and acts as the trustee for Executive Long Incentive Performance Rights Plans. 
(b) The Production activities are focussed on the manufacture, assembly and delivery of engines and propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles, 
and the continuous improvement of propulsion system and component part costs; product quality; and timing of product delivery. 

(c) The Development activities specialise in the development of new UAV propulsion systems and flight critical components, including unmanned aerial 
vehicle engineering studies, engine mapping, maintenance certification and engineering technical support across the Group. 

F.5     Parent entity information 

Current assets 

Non-current assets 

Current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Net assets 

Issued capital 

Options Reserve 

Accumulated losses 

Employee benefits reserve 

Total equity 

Profit/(loss) of the parent  
Total comprehensive profit/(loss) of the parent entity 

2023 

$'000 

 -   

 7,625   

 1,452   

2,344  

3,830 

2022 

$'000 

 -   

9,349  

8,486  

 -   

863  

41,380  

37,683  

1,033 

- 

(41,235) 

(39,484) 

2,652  

3,830 

4,689 

4,689 

2,665  

863  

(9,033) 

(9,033) 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2023 

F.6    Auditor remuneration 

During the year the following fees were paid or payable for 
services provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia 
(PwC) as the auditor of the parent entity, Orbital Corporation 
Limited, by PwC’s related network firms and by non-related 
audit firms: 

2023 

$ 

2022 

$ 

Intangible assets  
Patents 

Patents, licences and technology development and 
maintenance costs, not qualifying for capitalisation, 
are expensed as incurred. 

(a) Auditors of the Group - PwC and related network firms 

Fair value measurement 

Audit and review of financial reports 

   273,138  

   149,360  

Tax compliance services  

Other services 

   50,601  

   179,762  

     20,400  

     93,562  

  344,139  

  422,684  

(b) Other auditors and their related network firms 

Tax compliance services  

               -          26,669  

               -          26,669  

F.7     Events after the end of the reporting period 

There were no reportable events after the reporting period 
end. 

F.8     Other accounting policies 

Goods and services tax 

Revenue, expenses and assets are recognised net of the 
amount of GST, except where the amount of GST incurred is 
not recoverable from the taxation authority. In these 
circumstances, the GST is recognised as part of the cost of 
acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. 

Receivables and payables are stated with the amounts of GST 
included. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or 
payable to, the Australian Taxation Office (“ATO”) is included 
as a current asset or liability in the consolidated statement of 
financial position. 

Cash flows are included in the statement of cash flows on a 
gross basis. The GST components of cash flows arising from 
investing and financing activities which are recoverable from, 
or payable to, the ATO are classified as operating cash flows. 

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is 
measured or disclosed in the financial statements are 
categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described 
as follows, based on the lowest level input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:  

►  Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in 
active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
►  Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value 
measurement is directly or indirectly observable 
►  Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value 
measurement is unobservable 

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the 
financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, 
the Group determines whether transfers have 
occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-
assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level 
input that is significant to the fair value measurement 
as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.  

F.9     New accounting standards 

New standards and interpretations  

The Group has reviewed new standards and 
interpretations and none of the new and amended 
accounting standards and interpretations will 
significantly affect the Group's accounting policies, 
financial position or performance. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ DECLARATION 

In accordance with a resolution of the Directors of Orbital Corporation Limited, I state that: 

1. 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

2. 

In the opinion of the Directors: 

The financial statements and notes and the additional disclosures included in the Directors’ Report designated 
as audited, of the Group are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001,including:   

(i) 

(ii) 

Giving a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group as at 30 June 2023 and of its 
performance, as represented by the results of its operations and its cash flows, for the year ended on 
that date; and 

Complying with Accounting Standards in Australia and the Corporations Act 2001. 

The financial statements and notes also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed 
in note 2(a). 

Other than the matters raised in Note 1.J there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able 
to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable. 

This declaration has been made after receiving the declarations required to be made to the Directors in accordance 
with Section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001, from the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for the 
financial year 30 June 2023. 

On behalf of the Board, 

JP Welborn 

Chairman 

TM Alder 

Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer 

Dated at Perth, Western Australia 21 September 2023 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Independent auditor’s report 

To the members of Orbital Corporation Limited 

Report on the audit of the financial report 

Our opinion 

In our opinion: 

The accompanying financial report of Orbital Corporation Limited (the Company) and its controlled 
entities (together the Group) is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: 

(a) 

giving a true and fair view of the Group's financial position as at 30 June 2023 and of its 
financial performance for the year then ended 

(b) 

complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. 

What we have audited 
The Group financial report comprises: 

• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

the consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 June 2023 

the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year then ended 
the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended 

the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year then 
ended 

the notes to the financial statements, which include significant accounting policies and other 
explanatory information 

the directors’ declaration. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
report section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Group in accordance with the auditor independence requirements of the 
Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional & Ethical 
Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence 
Standards) (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757 
Brookfield Place, 125 St Georges Terrace, PERTH WA 6000, GPO Box D198, PERTH WA 6840  
T: +61 8 9238 3000, F: +61 8 9238 3999, www.pwc.com.au 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          50 

 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to Note 1.J in the financial report, which indicates that the Group had operating 
cash outflows of $3,494,000 for the year ended 30 June 2023. The ability of the Group to continue as 
a going concern is dependent on a number of factors identified by the Group, including successful 
continued development of new engine models, leading to further committed engineering and 
production revenues, and meeting cash flow forecasts. These conditions, along with other matters set 
forth in Note 1.J, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the 
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Our audit approach 

An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about whether the financial report is free from 
material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if 
individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of 
users taken on the basis of the financial report. 

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an 
opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management 
structure of the Group, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates. 

The Group specialises in designing and manufacturing unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion systems 
for its customers. The accounting processes are structured around a Group finance function at its 
corporate head office in Perth, where we performed our audit procedures. 

Materiality 

• 

For the purpose of our audit we used overall Group materiality of $172,000, which represents approximately 
1% of the Group’s total revenues. 

•  We applied this threshold, together with qualitative considerations, to determine the scope of our audit and 
the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the 
financial report as a whole. 

•  We chose Group revenue because, in our view, it is the benchmark against which the performance of the 

Group is most commonly measured. 

•  We utilised a 1% threshold based on our professional judgement, noting it is within the range of commonly 

acceptable thresholds. 

Audit Scope 

•  Our audit focused on where the Group made subjective judgements; for example, significant accounting 

estimates involving assumptions and inherently uncertain future events. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          51 

 
      
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in 
our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed in the 
context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do 
not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a 
particular audit procedure is made in that context. We communicated the key audit matters to the 
Audit and Risk Committee. 

In addition to the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we 
have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our 
report. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Valuation of Inventories 
(Refer to note C.1) $8.2 million 

At 30 June 2023 the Group held inventories with a 
cost of $10.8 million. These inventories comprise of 
raw materials and work in progress which will be 
used in the construction of engines by the Group. 

At 30 June 2023, the Group recognised a provision of 
$2.6 million to reduce the carrying value of certain 
items of inventory to its net realisable value, as 
required by Australian Accounting Standards. 

We focused on this matter due to the significance 
of the inventories balance to the Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position and the estimation 
required in determining the quantum of the 
provision. 

In assessing the Group’s valuation of inventories at the 
lower of cost or net realisable value we performed the 
following procedures, amongst others: 

•  assessed the application of inventory costing 

methodologies and whether this was consistent 
with the requirements of Australian Accounting 
Standards. 

•  agreed the cost of a haphazard sample of 
inventory items to that shown in third party 
invoices. 

•  on a sample basis, evaluated the direct labour 
costs allocated to engines in inventories by 
inspecting timesheets and agreeing the labour 
cost to payroll data. 

•  on a sample basis, recalculated the mathematical 
accuracy of the determination of the cost of work 
in progress items in inventories. 

•  evaluated whether inventories were carried at the 

lower of cost and net realisable value, by 
comparing the cost of inventories in each 
engine's respective final bill of material against 
sale prices in customer contracts. 

•  on a sample basis, performed substantive 

procedures to determine if raw materials and 
work in progress included in the inventories sub 
ledger were attributed to the correct engine, by 
assessing the individual components making up 
the final approved bill of materials of each engine. 

•  assessed management's assumptions on 

expected demand for engines by comparing to 
quantities under existing signed contracts and 
open purchase orders. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Accounting for the Department of Jobs, Tourism, 
Science and Innovation (“JTSI”) loan 
(Refer to note D.1) 

During the year, the Group renegotiated the terms of 
the loan with JTSI, resulting in new repayment terms 
and the ability to offset repayments if operational 
milestones were met (the ‘Deed of Variation’). 

Through the application of Australian Accounting 
Standards, the Group recognised $4.8 million in grant 
income and $0.1 million in interest expense relating to 
the loan for the year ended 30 June 2023. 

Accounting for the JTSI loan was determined to be a 
key audit matter due to the significance of the loan 
balance and grant income recognised to the Group. 

•  evaluated a sample of individual components of 
inventory items that were expected to be utilised 
within expected demand by testing 
management’s calculation of the number of units 
of the relevant component required to complete 
those engines. 

•  evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures made 

in Note C.1 in light of the requirements of 
Australian Accounting Standards. 

In assessing the accounting for the JTSI loan, we 
performed the following procedures, among others: 

•  obtained an understanding of the key terms of the 

Deed of Variation. 

•  obtained an understanding of the accounting 

treatment adopted by the Group in accounting for 
the revised loan terms. 

•  assessed the assumptions used by the Group in 
determining which portions of the loan had been 
or were sufficiently likely to be forgiven by 
obtaining supporting evidence of the likelihood of 
completing the milestone. 

•  evaluated management’s calculations of grant 
income and interest expense arising from the 
loan. 

•  assessed the reasonableness of interest rate 
assumptions utilised by management in 
determining the initial fair value of the loan. 

•  evaluated management calculations in 

determining the carrying value and classification 
of the loan as at 30 June 2023 by inspecting 
correspondence and comparison to the terms in 
the Deed of Variation. 

•  evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures made 

in Note D.1 in light of the requirements of 
Australian Accounting Standards. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the 
information included in the annual report for the year ended 30 June 2023, but does not include the 
financial report and our auditor’s report thereon. 

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon through our opinion on the financial report. We 
have issued a separate opinion on the remuneration report. 

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we obtained prior to the date of 
this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 
required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial report 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a 
true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 
and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the 
financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the Group to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial report 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that 
an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material 
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial report. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing 
and Assurance Standards Board website at: 
https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ar1_2020.pdf. This description forms part of our 
auditor's report. 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

Report on the remuneration report 

Our opinion on the remuneration report 

We have audited the remuneration report included in pages 7 to 14 of the directors’ report for the year 
ended 30 June 2023. 

In our opinion, the remuneration report of Orbital Corporation Limited for the year ended 30 June 2023 
complies with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. 

Responsibilities 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the 
remuneration report in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility 
is to express an opinion on the remuneration report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with 
Australian Auditing Standards. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers 

Ian Campbell 
Partner 

Perth 
21 September 2023 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHAREHOLDING DETAILS 

Class of Shares and Voting Rights 
As at 30 June 2023 there were 4,977 shareholders of the ordinary shares of the Company. The voting rights attaching to the ordinary 
shares, set out in Article 8 of the Company’s Constitution, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or 
classes of shares, are: 

a) 

at meetings of members or class of members, each member entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy or representative; 
and 

b)  on a show of hands every person present who is a member has one vote, and on a poll every person present in person or by 

proxy or representative has one vote for each ordinary share held. 

Substantial Shareholders and Holdings as at 27 July 2023 
UIL Limited 

First Sentier Wholesale Developing Companies Fund 

Distribution of Shareholdings as at 30 June 2023 
1-1,000 

1,001-5,000 

5,001-10,000 

10,001-100,000 

100,001 and over 

Number of shareholders 

Total Shares on Issue 

Number of unmarketable parcels 

Top 20 Shareholders as at 30 June 2023 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

J P MORGAN NOMINEES AUSTRALIA PTY LIMITED  

CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED  

ANNAPURNA PTY LTD  

HUNTER CAPITAL ADVISORS P/L  

MORGAN STANLEY AUSTRALIA SECURITIES (NOMINEE) PTY LIMITED  

DEBUSCEY PTY LTD  

BNP PARIBAS NOMINEES PTY LTD  

MR TODD MATHEW ALDER  

BIRKETU PTY LTD  

MR JOHN PAUL WELBORN  

MR MICHAEL WILLIAM FORD & MRS NINA BETTE FORD  

BNP PARIBAS NOMS PTY LTD  

MR KENT MILLER LOGIE  

MR JOHN PAUL WELBORN & MS CAROLINE ANNE WELBORN  

VULCAN INVESTMENTS PTY LTD  

MR GEOFFREY VICTOR DAY  

BOND STREET CUSTODIANS LIMITED  

MR ADAM GARE  

MR ADRIANO DINO CUGOLA  

MR DAVID LUIGI TAGLIAFERRI & MRS NICOLA MARIE TAGLIAFERRI  

Top 20 Shareholders Total 

The 20 largest shareholders hold 66.74% of the ordinary shares of the Company (2022: 68.85%). 

On-market share buy-back 

There is no current on-market buy-back. 

38,094,822 

13,025,631 

32.61% 

11.15% 

2,603 

1,309 

442 

528 

95 

4,977 

116,829,173 

2,401,841 

NUMBER OF 
SHARES 
HELD 
37,997,762 

16,767,730 

% OF  
SHARES 

32.52 

14.35 

3,074,167 

3,000,000 

2,335,943 

1,850,000 

1,635,828 

1,471,639 

1,455,688 

1,199,380 

1,039,105 

996,255 

899,603 

792,287 

600,000 

600,000 

583,334 

575,000 

550,000 

2.63 

2.57 

2.00 

1.58 

1.40 

1.26 

1.25 

1.03 

0.89 

0.85 

0.77 

0.68 

0.51 

0.51 

0.50 

0.49 

0.47 

545,000  

77,968,721 

 0.47 

66.74 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION 

ABN 32 009 344 058 

REGISTERED AND PRINCIPAL OFFICE 
4 Whipple Street 
Balcatta, Western Australia 6021 
Australia 

CONTACT DETAILS 
Australia 

Telephone: 61 (08) 9441 2311 
contact@orbitalcorp.com.au 
USA 
Address: 210 Wasco Loop, Hood River, OR 97031, USA 
info@orbitaluav.com 

INTERNET ADDRESS 
www.orbitaluav.com 

DIRECTORS 
J.P. Welborn, Chairman 
T.M. Alder, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer 
S.B. Gallagher 
F.K. Abbott 

COMPANY SECRETARY 
T. Spencer 

SHARE REGISTRY 
Link Market Services Limited 

Level 12 QV1 Building 
250 St Georges Terrace 
Perth, Western Australia 6000 
Telephone: 61 (08) 9211 6670 

SHARE TRADING FACILITIES 
Australian Stock Exchange Limited (Code “OEC”) 

AUDITORS 
PricewaterhouseCoopers 

125 St Georges Terrace 
Perth, Western Australia 6000 

 ANNUAL REPORT 2023          57