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Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc.

rme · TSX Industrials
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Employees 501-1000
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FY2017 Annual Report · Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc.
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Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 

Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 13, 2018 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders of Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc. 
and its subsidiaries, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 
2017 and December 31 2016 and the consolidated statements of net earnings, comprehensive income, 
changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes, which comprise a 
summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control 
as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements 
that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor’s responsibility 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. 
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those 
standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain 
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material 
misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in 
the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, 
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control 
relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order 
to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing 
an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the 
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our audit opinion. 

Opinion 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc. and its subsidiaries as at December 31, 2017 and December 
31, 2016 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Chartered Professional Accountants  

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP  
111 5th Avenue SW, Suite 3100, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 5L3 
T: +1 403 509 7500, F: +1 403 781 1825, www.pwc.com/ca  

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars  

Assets 
Current 
Cash 
Trade receivables and other 
Inventory 
Income taxes receivable 
Prepaid expenses 
Current portion of derivative financial assets 
Assets held for sale 

Total current assets 
Non-current 

Property and equipment 
Deferred tax asset 
Derivative financial assets 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 

Total non-current assets 
Total assets 
Liabilities 
Current 

Trade payables, accruals and other 
Floor plan payable 
Income tax payable 
Deferred revenue  
Current portion of long-term debt 
Current portion of obligations under finance leases 
Current portion of derivative financial liabilities 
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale 

Total current liabilities 
Non-current 

Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Deferred tax liability 
Derivative financial liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees  
Shareholders’ Equity 
Common shares 
Contributed surplus 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
Retained earnings 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity  
APPROVED BY THE BOARD 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

Note 

5 
6 

26.6 
7 

7,9 
21.2 
26.6 
8 
10 

11 
12 

13 
14 
26.6 
7 

13 
14 

26.6 

15,24 

20,097 
32,931 
471,573 
- 
6,210 
2,921 
- 
533,732 

42,229 
- 
4,109 
343 
18,776 
65,457 
599,189 

46,748 
305,342 
1,079 
6,724 
6,104 
445 
533 
- 
366,975 

30,919 
75 
652 
464 
32,110 
399,085 

95,477 
4,400 
481 
99,746 
200,104 
599,189 

28,542 
27,504 
442,742 
487 
6,208 
290 
2,501 
508,274 

48,586 
1,210 
578 
507 
18,776 
69,657 
577,931 

47,995 
296,061 
- 
3,204 
6,825 
440 
1,449 
1,606 
357,580 

40,778 
521 
- 
1,871 
43,170 
400,750 

87,709 
6,065 
(2,371) 
85,778 
177,181 
577,931 

“Signed” Robert Herdman 
Robert Herdman, Director 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

“Signed” Matthew Campbell 
Matthew Campbell, Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Net Earnings 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share amounts 

Sales 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 

Selling, general and administrative 
Gain on derivative financial instruments 
Loss on sale of vacant land 
Restructuring charges 
Earnings before finance costs and income taxes 
Finance costs 
Earnings before income taxes 
Income taxes 
Net earnings 

Earnings per share 

Basic 
Diluted 

Note 

17 
6 

18 
26.6 
7 
19 

20 

21.1 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
  $ 

959,355 
819,926 
139,429 

99,772 
(4,578) 
641 
- 
43,594 
11,921 
31,673 
8,774 
22,899 

930,435 
797,028 
133,407 

97,970 
(4,751) 
1,360 
3,564 
35,264 
14,343 
20,921 
5,955 
14,966 

22 
22 

1.18 
1.18 

0.77 
0.77 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars  

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

Note 

Net earnings 
Other comprehensive income  
Items which will subsequently be reclassified to net earnings: 

Unrealized gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax 

26.6 

Total other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 
Comprehensive income 

22,899 

14,966 

2,852 
2,852 
25,751 

1,238 
1,238 
16,204 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars and thousands of common shares 

Common shares 

Note 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
$ 

16.3 

18 

16.2 
16.1 

19,384 
493 

- 

- 
- 
- 
19,877 

87,709 
7,768 

- 

- 
- 
- 
95,477 

Common shares 

Note 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
$ 

18 

16.2 
16.1 

19,384 
- 

- 
- 
- 
19,384 

87,709 
- 

- 
- 
- 
87,709 

Contributed 
surplus 
$ 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
(loss) income 
$ 

Retained 
earnings 
$ 

Total equity 
$ 

6,065 
(1,680) 

15 

- 
- 
- 
4,400 

(2,371) 
- 

- 

- 
2,852 
- 
481 

85,778 
- 

- 

22,899 
- 
(8,931) 
99,746 

177,181 
6,088 

15 

22,899 
2,852 
(8,931) 
200,104 

Contributed 
surplus 
$ 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss 
$ 

5,929 
136 

- 
- 
- 
6,065 

(3,609) 
- 

- 
1,238 
- 
(2,371) 

Retained 
earnings 
$ 

Total equity 
$ 

79,729 
- 

14,966 
- 
(8,917) 
85,778 

169,758 
136 

14,966 
1,238 
(8,917) 
177,181 

Balance, December 31, 2016 
Shares issued upon exercise of 
stock options 
Equity-settled share-based 
payment expense 
Net earnings 
Other comprehensive income  
Dividends paid 
Balance, December 31, 2017 

Balance, December 31, 2015 
Equity-settled share-based 
payment expense 
Net earnings 
Other comprehensive income  
Dividends paid 
Balance, December 31, 2016 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars 

Operating activities 
Net earnings 
Adjustments for: 

Depreciation and amortization expense 
Deferred tax expense  
Equity-settled share-based payment expense 
Asset impairment loss on vacant land and other assets 
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment 
Gain on derivative financial instruments 
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs 
Changes in non-cash working capital 

Total cash generated from operating activities 

Financing activities 
Repayment of long-term debt 
Proceeds from long-term debt 
Repayment of obligations under finance leases 
Dividends paid 
Proceeds from issuance of common shares 
Deferred debt issuance costs  
Total cash used from financing activities 

Investing activities 
Purchase of property and equipment 
Disposal of property and equipment, including assets held for sale 
Purchase of equipment dealerships, net of cash acquired 
Total cash used from investing activities 

Net (decrease) increase in cash  
Cash, beginning of year 
Cash, end of year 

Taxes paid  
Interest paid 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

Note 

8,9 
21.2 
18 
7 
9 
26.6 

23 

13 

16.2 

9 
9 

22,899 

7,417 
807 
15 
- 
519 
(4,578) 
121 
(20,245) 
6,955 

(10,590) 
- 
(441) 
(8,931) 
6,088 
(111) 
(13,985) 

(5,993) 
4,578 
- 
(1,415) 

(8,445) 
28,542 
20,097 

6,401 
11,491 

14,966 

7,755 
678 
136 
1,460 
(208) 
(4,751) 
70 
7,057 
27,163 

(5,083) 
7,800 
(378) 
(8,917) 
- 
(116) 
(6,694) 

(10,184) 
2,307 
(740) 
(8,617) 

11,852 
16,690 
28,542 

5,704 
14,093 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

1. 

General information 

Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc. (“RME”) is incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta).  Through its wholly-
owned subsidiaries, RME sells, leases and provides product and warranty support for a wide variety of agriculture equipment 
in  Western  Canada.  All  of  RME’s  operating  subsidiaries  are  incorporated  in  Alberta,  Canada  and  all  of  the  equipment 
dealership locations operate under the name “Rocky Mountain Equipment”. 

The head office and principal address of RME is located at Suite 301, 3345 8th Street S.E., Calgary, Alberta, T2G 3A4.  The 
registered and records office of RME is located at 1500, 850 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0R8. 

2. 

Basis of preparation 

2.1. 

Statement of compliance 

RME prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.  These 
consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 13, 2018.  

2.2. 

Adoption of new and revised standards and interpretations 

The IASB issued amendments to International Accounting Standards which are effective for RME’s financial year beginning 
on January 1, 2017.  For the purpose of preparing and presenting the consolidated financial statements for the relevant periods, 
RME has consistently adopted all of these amendments for the relevant reporting periods. 

Amendment to IAS 7, ‘Statement of cash flows’ 

This amendment improves information provided to users of financial statements about changes in liabilities arising from the 
entity’s financing activities.  The adoption of this amendment had no material impact to RME’s financial statements. 

Amendment to IAS 12, ‘Income taxes’ 

This  amendment  clarifies  how  to  account  for  deferred  tax  assets  related  to  debt  instruments  measured  at  fair  value.    The 
adoption of this amendment had no material impact to RME’s financial statements. 

At  the  date  of  authorization  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  IASB  and  the  IFRS  Interpretations  Committee 
(IFRIC) have issued the following new and revised standards and interpretations which are not yet effective for the relevant 
reporting  periods.  RME  has  not  early  adopted  these  standards,  amendments  or  interpretations,  however  RME  is  currently 
assessing what impact the application of these standards or amendments will have on the consolidated financial statements. 

IFRS 15, ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ 

IFRS 15 provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability 
within industries, across industries, and across capital markets. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue 
to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for 
those goods or services.  This standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.  Management has 
performed its assessment of the new standard and has assesed there will be no material impact to the consolidated financial 
statements,  other  than  additional  note  disclosure  and  the  presentation  of  a  contract  liability  for  the  return  of  parts  on  the 
statement of financial position. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments’ 

IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes two primary measurement categories for financial 
assets: amortized cost and fair value. IFRS 9 also introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for 
financial assets.  This standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.  Management has performed 
its assessment of the new standard and has assessed there will be no material impact to the consolidated financial statements. 

Amendment to IFRS 7, ‘Financial instruments: Disclosures’ 

In conjunction with the transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, IFRS 7 will also 
be amended to require additional disclosure in the year of transition.  Management has performed its assessment of the new 
standard and has assessed there will be no material impact to the consolidated financial statements, other than additional note 
disclosures. 

IFRS 16, ‘Leases’ 

IFRS 16 replaces IAS 17  and requires most leases to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the statement of financial 
position. This standard includes an optional exemption for certain short-term leases and  leases  of low-value assets and is 
effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019.  Management is currently in the process of assessing this 
standard and its impact on the consolidated financial statements. This standard will affect primarily the accounting for RME’s 
operating lease commitments. 

3. 

Summary of significant accounting policies 

3.1. 

Basis of measurement 

The fundamental valuation method applied in the consolidated financial statements is historical cost except for certain financial 
instruments and cash-settled share-based payments which are measured at fair value as explained below.  Historical cost is 
generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets.   

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is RME’s functional currency.  All financial 
information presented in Canadian dollars has been rounded to the nearest thousand, except per share and per option amounts 
or unless otherwise stated. 

3.2. 

Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of RME and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  Subsidiaries 
are entities controlled by RME. Control exists when RME has the power over the investee; is exposed, or has rights, to variable 
returns from its involvement with the investee; and has the ability to use its power to affect its returns, to an extent generally 
accompanying a shareholding that confers more than half of the voting rights.  Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated 
financial  statements  of  RME  from  the  date  control  of  the  subsidiary  commences  until  the  date  that  control  ceases.  
Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation. 

3.3. 

Business combinations 

Acquisitions  of  subsidiaries  and  businesses  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.    The  consideration  for  each 
acquisition  is  measured  at  the  aggregate  of  the  fair  values  (at  the  acquisition  date)  of  assets  given,  liabilities  incurred  or 
assumed,  and  equity  instruments  issued  by  RME  in  exchange  for  control  of  the  acquiree.    Acquisition-related  costs  are 
recognized within net earnings in the period in which they are incurred. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
3 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

Where  applicable,  the  consideration  for  the  acquisition  may  include  any  asset  or  liability  resulting  from  a  contingent 
consideration  arrangement,  measured  at  its  acquisition-date  fair  value.    Subsequent  changes  in  fair  values  of  contingent 
consideration are adjusted against the cost of the acquisition where they qualify as measurement period adjustments.  All other 
subsequent  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  contingent  consideration  classified  as  an  asset  or  liability  are  accounted  for  in 
accordance with relevant IFRS.   

Goodwill  is  measured  as  the  excess  of  the  consideration  transferred  over  the  net  of  the  acquisition-date  fair  value  of  the 
identifiable  assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If the net of the  acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the excess is recognized immediately in 
net earnings as a bargain purchase gain. 

The measurement period is the period from the date of acquisition to the date RME obtains complete information about facts 
and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and is subject to a maximum of one year.  

3.4. 

Segment reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-
maker.  The chief operating decision-maker is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating 
segments  and  has  been  identified  as  RME’s  Chief  Executive  Officer.    RME  had  two  reportable  operating  segments,  the 
agriculture segment and the industrial segment. The industrial facilities were amalgamated into the existing agricultural facilities 
during 2016.  As a result the majority of RME’s industrial equipment distribution assets were transferred to agriculture branches. 
After these amalgamations, RME only has one reportable segment.  

3.5. 

Cash  

Cash consists of cash on hand.   

3.6. 

Property and equipment  

All  items  in  property  and  equipment  are  recorded  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated  impairment 
losses.   

Each part of an item of property and equipment with a useful life that is significantly different from the useful lives of other parts 
is depreciated separately.   

Items of property and equipment are depreciated commencing on the date they are ready for use using the following methods 
and rates: 

Land  
Buildings 
Computer equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Leasehold improvements 
Shop tools and equipment  Straight-line over 3 – 10 years 
Vehicles 

Not depreciated 
Straight-line over 20 years 
Straight-line over 3 – 6 years 
Straight-line over 5 – 10 years 
Straight-line over the lesser of the lease term (including renewals) and useful life 

Straight-line over 3 – 5 years 

An item of property and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise 
from the continued use of the asset.  Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property and equipment 
is determined  as the  difference  between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the  asset and is recognized  in net 
earnings.  Items of property and equipment are tested for impairment as discussed in Note 3.10. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

3.7. 

Key estimates and judgements  

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of 
the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual 
results could differ from those estimates. 

By  nature,  asset  valuations  are  subjective  and  do  not  necessarily  result  in  precise  determinations.    Should  underlying 
assumptions change, estimated net recoverable values could change by a material amount. 

Balances in these consolidated financial statements that are subject to estimation include the allowance for doubtful accounts 
(Note 5), the net realizable value of inventory (Note 3.13), the valuation of equipment taken in on trade (Note 3.13), the timing 
of revenue recognition (Note 3.14), the depreciation periods and methods applied to items of property and equipment (Note 
3.6), the net recoverable value of goodwill (Note 10), the fair value of derivative financial instruments (Note 3.21.10), impairment 
of assets other than goodwill (Note 3.10), share-based transactions (Note 3.17), the fair value of business combinations (Note 
3.3), and the value of annual performance incentives from manufacturers (Note 3.15.1). 

3.8. 

Identifiable intangible assets 

Identifiable intangible assets are initially recorded at cost. Finite lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis 
over their estimated useful lives.  RME’s identifiable intangible assets consist of intellectual properties acquired pursuant to 
the acquisition of NGF Geomatics Inc. (“NGF”) during 2015.  RME expects the useful life of these assets to be five years. 

3.9. 

Goodwill and impairment of goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of RME’s share of the net identifiable assets of 
the acquiree at the date of acquisition.  Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the 
date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any.  Goodwill generated on initial recognition is not 
deductible for tax purposes and has an indefinite useful life. 

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating unit (“CGU”) expected to benefit from the 
synergies of the combination.  

A CGU to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication 
that the unit may be impaired.  If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is 
allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-
rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.  The recoverable amount of the CGU is the greater of its value in 
use and its fair value less costs to sell.  In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their 
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific to the asset.  Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognized in net earnings.  Such impairment losses are not reversed 
in subsequent periods.  

3.10. 

Impairment of assets other than goodwill 

At the end of each reporting period, RME reviews the carrying amounts of its identifiable assets to determine whether there is 
any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the 
assets is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any.  Where it is not possible to estimate the 
recoverable amount of an individual asset, RME compares the estimated recoverable amount of the CGU to which the asset 
belongs to its carrying value to determine whether, and the extent to which, the asset is impaired as described in Note 3.9. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
5 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

Where an  impairment loss subsequently reverses,  the carrying amount  of the assets (or CGU) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would 
have been determined, net of amortization or depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset.  A reversal 
of impairment loss is recognized immediately in net earnings. 

3.11. 

Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding 
during the period.  Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options to purchase common 
shares were exercised.  The treasury stock method is used to determine the dilutive effect of options, whereby any proceeds 
received by RME from their exercise are assumed to be used to purchase common shares at the average market price during 
the period.   

The average market price of RME’s shares for the purposes of calculating the dilutive effect of options is based upon quoted 
market prices for the periods during which the options are outstanding. 

3.12. 

Leases 

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets, recorded at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, 
if  lower,  at  the  present  value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments.    The  corresponding  liability  to  the  lessor  is  included  in  the 
consolidated statement of financial position as an obligation under finance lease.  

Lease payments are apportioned between interest expense and reductions of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant 
rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.  Interest expense is recognized immediately in net earnings. 

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another 
systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.  

3.13. 

Inventory 

Equipment inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on a specific item, 
actual cost basis.  Net realizable value is estimated using recent sales of the same or similar equipment inventory or market 
values  as  established  by  industry  publications,  less  the  costs  to  sell.    Value  is  assigned  to  equipment  inventory  acquired 
through trade-in by using recent sales of the same or similar equipment inventory or market values as established by industry 
publications.    Parts  inventory  is  recorded  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value,  with  cost  being  determined  on  an 
average cost basis.  Net realizable value is estimated using recent sales of the same or similar parts inventory, less the costs 
to sell.  Work-in-progress is valued on a specific item, actual cost basis. 

3.14. 

Revenue recognition  

Sales are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. 

3.14.1.    Sale of goods 

Revenue from the sale of goods including new and used equipment and parts is recognized when all the following conditions 
are satisfied: 

•  RME has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods; 
•  RME retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective 

control over the goods sold; 
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to RME; and 

• 
• 

 
 
 
 
 
 
6 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

• 

the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.  

3.14.2.   Rendering of services 

Revenue derived from the rendering of services is recognized when:  

• 
• 
• 
• 

the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to RME; 
the stage of completion of the transaction at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and 
the costs incurred for the transaction and the costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably. 

3.15. 

Manufacturers Incentives 

3.15.1.    Annual performance incentives 

Certain manufacturers offer annual performance incentives which are linked to RME’s market share achievement and annual 
settlement volumes.  RME uses estimated annual market share statistics derived from current and historical results which have 
been adjusted for any anticipated changes in the current year, as well as annual settlement volume to accrue manufacturer 
incentives earned during the year.  The original equipment manufacturer will typically reassess targets on an annual basis.  
Annual performance incentives are recorded as a reduction to cost of sales.  A credit to our account for the annual performance 
incentive is typically received in the first quarter following year end. 

3.15.2.    Transactional incentives 

Certain manufacturers offer incentives for selling volumes of qualifying equipment.  This transactional incentive is recognized 
when it is earned and it is earned when the unit is sold.  A credit to our account is received the following quarter after the unit 
is settled with the original equipment manufacturer.  Transactional incentives are recorded as a reduction to cost of sales. 

3.16. 

Deferred revenue  

Deferred revenue comprises equipment sales in which cash has been received but not all terms and conditions have been 
fulfilled to meet the requirements of revenue recognition.  

3.17. 

Share-based transactions 

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the 
equity instruments at the grant date.  RME follows the fair value based method of accounting, using the Black-Scholes option 
pricing  model,  whereby  compensation  expense  is  recognized  over  the  vesting  period  and  is  based  on  RME’s  estimate  of 
awards that will ultimately vest, with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus.   

Cash-settled share-based payments are recorded as liabilities and are measured initially at their fair values.  At the end of 
each reporting period and at the date of settlement, these liabilities are remeasured at fair value, with any changes recognized 
in net earnings for the period.  Details regarding the determination of the fair value of cash-settled share-based payments are 
set out in Note 16.4 and Note 16.5. 

3.18. 

Employee Share Ownership Plan 

RME has an Employee Share Ownership Plan (“ESOP”).  Under the ESOP, RME matches eligible employee contributions, 
subject  to  certain  limitations  based  on  employee  tenure.  RME’s  formerly-constituted  Compensation,  Governance  and 
Nominating  Committee,  now  its  Compensation  and  Human  Resources  Committee,  may  approve  modifications  to  these 

 
 
 
 
 
 
7 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

limitations as part of executive compensation plans.  RME’s contributions vest immediately to the employee and are expensed 
as incurred. 

ESOP shares are purchased on the open market.  Dividends paid on RME’s common shares held for the ESOP are used to 
purchase additional common shares on the open market. 

3.19. 

Income taxes 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or recoverable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax is recognized using the asset and  liability method on temporary  differences between the carrying  amounts of 
assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  taxation  purposes.    Deferred  tax  is  not 
recognized if it arises from goodwill generated on a business combination or an asset or liability in a transaction other than a 
business combination that, at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting net earnings nor taxable income.  Deferred 
tax is determined  using tax rates and  laws that  have been enacted or substantively  enacted  at the reporting date and are 
expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is expected to be realized or the deferred tax liability is expected to be 
settled. 

A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which 
the temporary difference can be applied.  Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized only to 
the extent that it is probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.   

Current and deferred tax expenses (recoveries) are recognized in net earnings except, to the extent that they relate to items 
that are recognized within other comprehensive income or directly within equity. In such cases, the current and deferred tax 
expenses (recoveries) are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.  Where current 
or deferred tax positions arise from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the allocation 
of the purchase price. 

3.20. 

Foreign currency translation 

Transactions in currencies other than RME’s functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates 
of the transactions.  At each reporting date, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated 
at prevailing rates. 

3.21. 

Financial instruments 

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when RME becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

On initial recognition, financial instruments are measured at fair value.  Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the 
acquisition or issue of financial instruments, other than financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), are 
added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial instrument, as appropriate.  Transaction costs directly attributable to 
the acquisition of financial instruments at FVTPL are recognized immediately in net earnings. 

3.21.1.  Classification of financial instruments 

Financial  instruments  are  classified  into  the  following  specified  categories:  financial  assets  at  FVTPL,  held-to-maturity 
investments, available-for-sale (“AFS”) financial assets, loans and receivables, financial liabilities at FVTPL and other financial 
liabilities.  The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial instrument and is determined at the time of 
initial recognition.  RME has no financial assets classified as held-to-maturity or AFS.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
8 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

3.21.2.  Effective interest method 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest over 
the relevant period.  The  effective  interest rate is the  rate that  discounts estimated future cash receipts (including  all fees, 
transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a 
shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. 

3.21.3.  Financial instruments at FVTPL 

Financial instruments are classified as at FVTPL when the instrument is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.  

A financial asset (liability) is classified as held for trading if: 

it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling (repurchasing) it in the near term;  

• 
•  on initial recognition, it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that RME manages together and has a 

recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or 
it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument. 

• 

A financial instrument other than one held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if: 

• 

• 

• 

such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise 
arise; 
the  financial  instrument  forms  part  of  a  group  of  financial  instruments,  which  is  managed  and  its  performance  is 
evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with RME’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and 
information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or  
it  forms  part  of  a  contract  containing  one  or  more  embedded  derivatives,  and  IAS  39,  ‘Financial  instruments: 
Recognition and measurement’ permits the entire combined contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL. 

Financial assets classified as at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized 
in net earnings.  The net gains or losses recognized in net earnings incorporate any dividends or interest associated with the 
financial instrument.  RME has designated its derivative financial instruments as at FVTPL.  The methods for determining fair 
value and the presentation of gains and losses are described in Notes 3.21.10 and 26.6.  

3.21.4.  Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active 
market.  Loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any provisions for 
impairment. 

RME has classified its cash and trade receivables and other as loans and receivables. 

3.21.5.  Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.  

RME  has  classified  its  trade  payables,  accruals  and  other  (with  the  exception  of  the  directors’  share  units  and  share 
appreciation rights), floor plan payable (including any portion classified as liabilities associated with assets held for sale), long-
term debt, and obligations under finance leases as other financial liabilities. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

3.21.6.    Impairment of financial assets 

Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period.  
For financial assets carried at amortized cost, the amount of the impairment loss, if any, is the difference between the asset’s 
carrying amount  and the present  value of estimated future cash flows,  discounted at the financial asset’s  original effective 
interest rate.  As indicated above, RME’s financial assets carried at amortized cost consist only of cash and trade receivables 
and other.  Any impairment determined on trade receivables and other reduces the carrying amount through the use of an 
allowance account and is recorded when an account is considered uncollectible.  Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously 
provided for are credited against the allowance.  Changes in the carrying amount of the allowance are recognized in selling, 
general and administrative expenses. 

3.21.7.    Derecognition of financial instruments 

RME derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers 
the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. 

On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration 
received  and  receivable  and  the  cumulative  gain  or  loss  that  had  been  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  and 
accumulated equity is recognized in net earnings. 

RME  derecognizes  a  financial  liability  when  RME’s  obligations  are  discharged,  cancelled  or  they  expire.    The  difference 
between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in net 
earnings. 

3.21.8.  Classification as debt or equity 

Debt and  equity  instruments issued by RME are classified as either financial  liabilities or as  equity  in accordance  with the 
substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of a financial liability and equity instrument. 

3.21.9.  Equity instruments 

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of RME after deducting all of its liabilities.  
Equity  instruments  issued  by  RME  are  recognized  at  a  value  equal  to  the  proceeds  received,  net  of  direct  issue  costs.  
Repurchases of RME’s own equity instruments are recognized as direct reductions to equity.  No gain or loss is recognized in 
net earnings on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of RME’s own equity instruments. 

3.21.10.  Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities 

Derivative financial insturments are initially recognized on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently 
re-measured at their fair values.  The fair values of interest rate swaps are calculated as the net present value of the estimated 
future  cash  flows  expected  to  arise  on  the  variable  and  fixed  streams,  determined  using  applicable  yield  curves  at  each 
measurement date.  Swap curves, which incorporate credit spreads applicable to large commercial banks, are typically used 
to calculate expected future cash flows and the present values thereof.  Adjustments are also made to reflect RME’s own credit 
risk and the credit risk of the counter party, if different from the spread implicit in the swap curve. 

The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, 
and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.  RME may designate derivatives of a particular risk associated with a recognized 
asset or liability or highly probable forecast transaction as cash flow hedges. 

RME documents at the inception of the transaction, the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well 
as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
10 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

RME  has  designated  its  floating-to-fixed  interest  rate  swaps  as  cash  flow  hedges.  RME  uses  the  regression  method  to 
determine whether these interest rate swaps are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of these 
hedged items and use the cumulative dollar offset method to measure the ineffective portion.  The documentation identifies 
the  anticipated cash flows  being  hedged, the risk that is being hedged,  and the  type of hedging instrument used  and how 
effectiveness will be assessed.  The hedging instrument must be highly effective in accomplishing the objective of offsetting 
changes in anticipated cash flows attributable to the risk being hedged both at inception and throughout the life of the hedge.  
Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when it is determined that the hedging instrument is no longer effective as a 
hedge, the hedging instrument is terminated, or upon early settlement of the hedged item.   

In a cash flow hedging relationship, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the hedging derivative, net of taxes, 
is  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  while  the  ineffective  portion  is  recognized  within  net  earnings.    Amounts  in 
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to net earnings in the periods when the hedged item affects 
profit or loss.   

Gains or losses on derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in net earnings.   

When a hedging instrument expires or no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing 
in  equity  remains  in  equity  and  is  recognized  when  the  forecast  transaction  is  ultimately  recognized  in  the  consolidated 
statement of net earnings. 

RME has several total return swaps to hedge the exposure associated with increases in its share value on its outstanding 
Director  Share  Units  (DSUs)  and  Share  Appreciation  Rights  (SARs).    RME  does  not  apply  hedge  accounting  to  these 
relationships and as such, gains and losses arising from marking these derivatives to market are recognized in earnings in the 
period in which they arise.    

4. 

  Prior year comparative disclosures  

Certain prior period information in Note 17 and 18 has been revised to conform to the current period presentation.  The revisions 
had no impact on net earnings, cash flows or the financial position of RME. 

5. 

Trade receivables and other 

Trade receivables 

Current 
Aged between 61 – 120 days 
Aged greater than 120 days 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Net trade receivables 
Contracts in transit 
Warranty receivables 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

15,088 
1,284 
1,040 
17,412 
(847) 
16,565 
15,916 
450 
32,931 

9,639 
948 
1,627 
12,214 
(1,206) 
11,008 
15,275 
1,221 
27,504 

RME considers its trade receivables and other which are neither past due nor impaired to be of good credit quality.  Contracts 
in transit and warranty receivables are due from retail finance institutions and original equipment manufacturers, respectively.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

The allowance for doubtful accounts can be reconciled as follows: 

As at January 1, 
Net recovery provision  
Written-off during the year 
As at December 31, 

11 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

1,206 
(47) 
(312) 
847 

1,939 
(87) 
(646) 
1,206 

The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed by management and accounts receivable are considered for impairment on 
a case-by-case basis when they are past due or when objective evidence is received that a customer will default.  RME takes 
into consideration the customer’s payment history, their creditworthiness and the current economic environment in which the 
customer operates to assess impairment.  RME’s historical bad debt expenses have not been significant and are generally 
limited to specific customer circumstances.   

6. 

Inventory 

New equipment 
Used equipment 
Parts 
Work-in-progress 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

115,928 
314,994 
38,618 
2,033 
471,573 

113,517 
289,485 
37,781 
1,959 
442,742 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, inventory recognized as an expense amounted to $807,019 (2016 – $782,802), which 
is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of net earnings.   

For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were write downs of inventory to net realizable value of $5,845 (2016 – $4,702) 
in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of net earnings.  Circumstances that give rise to the write down of primarily used 
inventory include fluctuations in market price, profile and age in inventory.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were 
reversals  of  write  downs  of  inventory  to  net  realizable  value  of $Nil  (2016  –  $Nil).    RME’s  inventory  has  been  pledged  as 
security for its floor plan payable and long-term debt. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

7. 

Assets held for sale 

Assets held for sale and liabilities associated with assets held for sale for the respective years ended are disclosed below: 

Assets held for sale 

Inventory 
$ 

Land 
$ 

Buildings 
$ 

Total 
$ 

December 31, 2015 
Classified as held for sale during the period (Note 9) 
Disposed of during the period 
Impairment charges recognized during the period 
December 31, 2016 
Non-current – presented within property and equipment (Note 9) 
Current 

Disposed of during the period 
December 31, 2017 
Non-current – presented within property and equipment (Note 9) 
Current 

2,070 
3,899 
(3,468) 
- 
2,501 
- 
2,501 

(2,501) 
- 
- 
- 

8,311 
- 
(39) 
(1,360) 
6,912 
6,912 
- 

(4,699) 
2,213 
2,213 
- 

161 
495 
(556) 
(100) 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

10,542 
4,394 
(4,063) 
(1,460) 
9,413 
6,912 
2,501 

(7,200) 
2,213 
2,213 
- 

During the second quarter of 2017, one parcel of vacant land that was classified as a non-current asset held for sale, was 
disposed of, resulting in a loss of $641.  

In 2016, RME recorded asset impairment charges of $1,360 on vacant land which was considered redundant and $100 on 
operational assets that were disposed of during 2016. 

Liabilities associated with assets held for sale include: 

December 31, 2015 
Classified as held for sale during the period 
Repaid during the period 
December 31, 2016 
Repaid during the period 
December 31, 2017 

Liability 
associated 
with assets 
held for sale 
$ 

1,562 
2,617 
(2,573) 
1,606 
(1,606) 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

8. 

Intangible assets                                                                                         

Intangible assets are comprised of intellectual properties acquired pursuant to an acquisition in 2015.   

Cost 
December 31, 2015 
December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

Accumulated amortization 
December 31, 2015 
Amortization charge 
December 31, 2016 
Amortization charge  
December 31, 2017 

Net book value 
December 31, 2015 
December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

13 

Intangible 
Assets 
$ 

822 
822 
822 

151 
164 
315 
164 
479 

671 
507 
343 

Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 is amortization expense of 
$164 (2016 - $164).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

9. 

Property and equipment 

Cost 
December 31, 2015 
Additions 
Business combinations 
Assets held for sale (Note 7) 
Disposals 
December 31, 2016 
Additions 
Disposals 
December 31, 2017 

Accumulated depreciation 
December 31, 2015 
Depreciation charge  
Disposals 
December 31, 2016 
Depreciation charge  
Disposals 
December 31, 2017 

Net book value 
December 31, 2015 
December 31, 2016 
December 31, 2017 

Land 
$ 

Buildings 
$ 

Computer 
equipment 
$ 

Furniture 
and fixtures 
$ 

Leasehold 
improve-
ments 
$ 

Shop tools 
and 
equipment 
$ 

Vehicles 
$ 

Total 
$ 

8,840 
81 
- 
6,912 
(349) 
15,484 
7 
(4,748) 
10,743 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

13,960 
4,110 
78 
 (495) 
(422) 
17,231 
7 
(67) 
17,171 

737 
778 
(237) 
1,278 
868 
(37) 
2,109 

8,840 
15,484 
10,743 

13,223 
15,953 
15,062 

9,883 
1,801 
- 
- 
(3,263) 
8,421 
909 
(896) 
8,434 

7,196 
1,742 
(3,239) 
5,699 
1,168 
(896) 
5,971 

2,687 
2,722 
2,463 

4,387 
1,242 
- 
- 
(424) 
5,205 
296 
(34) 
5,467 

2,827 
459 
(384) 
2,902 
487 
(29) 
3,360 

1,560 
2,303 
2,107 

5,934 
1,065 
- 
- 
(858) 
6,141 
552 
(111) 
6,582 

2,451 
668 
(504) 
2,615 
689 
(70) 
3,234 

3,483 
3,526 
3,348 

11,265 
      882 
- 
- 
(512) 
11,635 
643 
(49) 
12,229 

8,207 
1,294 
(320) 
9,181 
1,266 
(72) 
10,375 

3,058 
2,454 
1,854 

18,695 
2,117 
- 
- 
(2,685) 
18,127 
3,579 
(1,320) 
20,386 

11,658 
2,650 
(2,325) 
11,983 
2,775 
(1,024) 
13,734 

7,037 
6,144 
6,652 

72,964 
11,298 
78 
6,417 
(8,513) 
82,244 
5,993 
(7,225) 
81,012 

33,076 
7,591 
(7,009) 
33,658 
7,253 
(2,128) 
38,783 

39,888 
48,586 
42,229 

Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 is depreciation expense of $7,253 (2016 – $7,591) and a loss on the 
disposal of property and equipment of $519 (2016 – gain of $208).  As at December 31, 2017, assets under finance leases included in computer equipment and vehicles 
have net carrying amounts of $755 and $21 (2016 – $1,053 and $28), respectively.  Certain items of property and equipment have been pledged as security for RME’s 
long-term debt and obligations under finance leases. Included in additions in 2016 are assets under finance lease of $1,114.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

10. 

Goodwill 

Opening balance 
Recognized on business acquisitions  
Ending balance 

15 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

18,776 
- 
18,776 

18,802 
(26) 
18,776 

Goodwill recognized pursuant to a business combination is allocated, at the time of acquisition, to the Company’s CGU that is 
expected to benefit from that business combination.  During 2017 RME finished amalgamating its industrial distribution facilities 
into existing agriculture facilities, creating one CGU.  All of the goodwill has been allocated to the one CGU.  In 2016, goodwill 
was allocated to the agriculture CGU. 

RME’s CGU has been assessed for impairment annually on December 31, 2017 and 2016. The recoverable amount of the CGU 
was determined from value in use calculations.  The key assumptions made for the value in use calculations are those regarding 
the discount and growth rates.  These key assumptions are based on past experience which has been adjusted for expected 
changes in future conditions.   

As at December 31, 2017 and 2016 RME prepared cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial plans prepared 
by management and extrapolated these cash flows into perpetuity using growth assumptions relevant to the business sector.  
The growth rate used for the purposes of these analyses was 2.0%. 

As  at  December  31,  2017,  the  rate  used  to  discount  the  forecasted  cash  flows  was  12.3%  (2016  –  10.3%),  and  represents 
RME’s estimate of the pre-tax discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific to RME’s CGU.  The recoverable amount of the CGU exceeded its carrying value at the impairment test dates. 

RME has conducted a sensitivity analysis based on possible changes in the key assumptions used for the impairment tests.  
Had  the  estimated  cost  of  capital  used  in  determining  the  pre-tax  discount  rates  been  4.6%  (2016  –  7.3%)  higher  than 
management’s estimates or the estimated growth rate used in extrapolating forecasted results been 8.5% (2016 – 14.5%) lower, 
the recoverable amount of the CGU would equal its carrying amount for the respective periods.  Any additional negative change 
in the assumptions would cause goodwill to be impaired. 

11. 

Trade payables, accruals and other 

Trade payables and accruals 
Directors’ share units (Note 16.4) 
Share appreciation rights (Note 16.5) 

12. 

 Floor plan payable 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

43,400 
823 
2,525 
46,748 

46,528 
667 
800 
47,995 

RME utilizes floor plan financing arrangements with various suppliers and creditors to finance equipment inventory on hand.  
The terms of these arrangements may include up to a twelve month interest-free period followed by a fixed or variable interest 
rate term ranging from 0.0% to the bank’s prime rate plus 4.3% at December 31, 2017 (2016 – ranging from 0.0% to the bank’s 
prime  rate  plus  4.3%).    At  December  31,  2017,  RME  had  unused  floor  plan  of  approximately  $252,666  available  (2016  – 
$293,727).  The amounts due are secured by specific new and used equipment inventories and the payments are due when the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

equipment is sold or transferred, up to a maximum term of 48 months.  At December 31, 2017, RME’s US denominated floor 
plan payable translated into Canadian currency was $3,050 (2016 – $2,014). The entire amount of floor plan payable has been 
classified as current, as the corresponding inventory to which it relates has also been classified as current.   

Pursuant to agreements with lenders, RME is required to monitor and report certain non-IFRS measures (Note 27). 

13. 

Long-term debt   

During 2017, RME renewed its Syndicated Facility extending the maturity date to September 24, 2020.  

The following table summarizes RME’s long-term debt: 

Term Facility, revolving facility with tranches payable in quarterly principal instalments 
plus interest over periods of 7 to 15 years (2016 –7 to 15 years). The effective 
interest rate at December 31, 2017 was 3.5% (2016 – 3.0%) 

Various other facilities 

Less: current portion 
Less: deferred debt issuance costs 
Long-term portion 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

37,243 

47,818 

9 
37,252 
(6,104) 
(229) 
30,919 

23 
47,841 
(6,825) 
(238) 
40,778 

During 2017, RME applied $4,000 of proceeds received on the disposition of the vacant land against our Term Facility.  This 
unscheduled debt payment reduces our future quarterly principal payments from $1,730 to $1,557. 

14. 

Obligations under finance leases 

Finance leases relate to vehicles and computer equipment with lease terms ranging from three to five years. The lessors’ title to 
the leased assets provides security for RME’s obligations under finance leases. 

Interest rates underlying all obligations under finance leases are fixed at the respective contract dates ranging from 1.9% to 
5.5% at December 31, 2017 (2016 – 1.9% to 5.5%).  

The fair values of the obligations under finance leases approximate their carrying amounts as interest rates are consistent with 
market rates for similar debt. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

Future minimum payments under finance leases along with the balance of the obligations under finance leases are as follows: 

17 

Due within one year 
Due later than one year and not later than five years 
Due later than five years 
Total future minimum lease payments 
Less: future finance charges 
Present value of future minimum lease payments 
Less: current portion of obligations under finance leases 
Long-term portion of obligations under finance leases 

15. 

Contingency and guarantee 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

453 
76 
- 
529 
(9) 
520 
(445) 
75 

458 
529 
- 
987 
(26) 
961 
(440) 
521 

RME is subject to various degrees of recourse, arising in the ordinary course of business, by assisting its customers in financing 
the purchase  or rental of equipment.  RME is exposed to potential losses arising from the difference between the assessed 
value of the underlying security and the amounts guaranteed by RME.  Any resulting losses are recorded as soon as the amount 
of  the  loss  can  be  reasonably  estimated.    As  the  assessed  value  of  the  underlying  security  generally  exceeds  the  amount 
guaranteed by RME, management believes that the net exposure is not significant.  As at December 31, 2017, gross recourse 
amounted  to  $1,315  (2016  -  $2,066),  prior  to  any  consideration  of  the  value  associated  with  the  securitized  assets.  As  at 
December 31, 2017, RME has accrued $328 (2016 - $715) for anticipated losses in trade payables, accruals and other.  

16. 

Share capital 

16.1. 

Common shares 

RME  is  authorized  to  issue  an  unlimited  amount  of  common  shares  with  no  par  value.    As  at  December  31,  2017,  19,877 
thousand shares were issued and outstanding (2016 – 19,384 thousand).  All issued and outstanding shares were fully paid as 
at December 31, 2017 and 2016.  

16.2. 

Dividends paid 

Dividends declared and paid during the year ended December 31, 2017 were $8,931 or $0.46 per share (2016 – $8,917 or $0.46 
per share).  

On February 7, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.115 per common share on RME’s outstanding common 
shares.  The dividend is payable on March 30, 2018, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 28, 2018.   

16.3. 

Stock options 

RME has a stock option plan under which the Board of Directors may grant options to directors, officers, and employees of RME 
at an exercise price equal to the market price of RME’s common shares at the time of the grant.  The plan is limited to 10% of 
the issued and outstanding common shares.  Options granted carry neither voting rights nor rights to dividends. 

The general terms of stock options granted under the plan include a maximum exercise period of five years and a vesting period 
of three years with one-third of the grant vesting on each anniversary date.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

The reconciliation of options outstanding during the years ended December 31 is as follows: 

January 1, 
Exercised 
Expired 
Forfeited 
December 31, 

2017 

2016 

Number of 
options 
(thousands) 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
$ 

904 
(493) 
(30) 
(208) 
173 

12.13 
12.35 
12.15 
11.96 
11.71 

Number of 
options 
(thousands) 

1,165 
- 
(172) 
(89) 
904 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
$ 

11.66 
- 
9.00 
12.09 
12.13 

No new options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. 

Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows: 

Grant date 

Options outstanding 
(thousands) 

Options exercisable 
(thousands) 

Weighted average 
exercise price 
($) 

Weighted average 
contractual life 
(years) 

March 13, 2013 
March 13, 2014 

24 
149 
173 

24 
149 
173 

12.89 
11.52 
11.71 

0.2 
1.2 
1.1 

16.4. 

Directors’ share unit plan 

RME has instituted a directors’ share unit (“DSU”) plan.  Under this plan, the Board of Directors may grant DSUs to non-officer 
directors of RME for services rendered.  The DSUs are notional grants of shares and are to be settled in cash within 30 days of 
a  director’s  termination  date.    Additional  DSUs  are  credited  to  the  directors’  accounts  when  cash  dividends  are  paid  to  the 
common shareholders of RME.  Such amount of additional DSUs is determined by dividing the dividends which would have 
been paid on the DSUs had they been common shares of RME by the volume weighted average trading price of RME’s shares 
over the 20 day trading period immediately preceding the date the dividends are paid.   

Upon redemption, and  at  each reporting date, the DSUs are valued on  a per DSU  basis at an amount equal to the  volume 
weighted average trading price of RME’s shares over the immediately preceding 20 day trading period.  At December 31, 2017, 
$823  was  included  in  trade  payables,  accruals  and  other  with  respect  to  the  DSUs  (2016  –  $667).    During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017, 37 thousand DSUs were redeemed (2016 – 36 thousand DSUs were redeemed). 

DSUs granted and redeemed and the unrealized losses recognized on the DSUs during the years ended December 31 are as 
follows:  

January 1, 
Granted(1) 
Redeemed 
Loss on mark to market revaluation(1) 
December 31, 
(1)  Included in selling general and administrative expenses. 

2017 

2016 

DSUs 
(thousands) 

$ 

DSUs 
(thousands) 

$ 

71 
26 
(37) 
- 
60 

667 
264 
(353) 
245 
823 

75 
32 
(36) 
- 
71 

454 
221 
(228) 
220 
667 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, RME has several total return swaps as an economic hedge for RME’s DSUs (Note 26.6). 

16.5. 

Share appreciation rights plan 

RME maintains a share appreciation rights (“SAR”) plan as a component of overall compensation of certain directors, officers 
and employees.  These SARs vest after a three year period, are exercisable for two years thereafter and will be settled in cash.  
The SARs expire five years after their initial date of grant.  During the vesting period, the SARs are revalued at each reporting 
period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  RME recognizes a liability to the extent that the fair value of the SARs has 
been earned by the holder, with the coinciding expense being recognized within selling, general and administrative expense. 

SARs exercised and forfeited for the years ended December 31 are as follows: 

January 1, 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
December 31, 

2017 
Number of 
SARs 
(thousands) 

2016 
Number of 
SARs 
(thousands) 

1,057 
(425) 
(33) 
599 

1,146 
- 
(89) 
1,057 

As at December 31, 2017, RME recognized a SARs liability of $2,525 (2016 - $800) and an SARs expense of $2,995 (2016 - 
$757). 

The weighted average fair value of the SARs outstanding using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and assumptions used 
in their determination as at December 31 are as follows: 

Risk-free interest rate 
Expected option life (years) 
Expected volatility(1) 
Expected annual dividend per share 
Exercise price 
Share price  
Fair value 
(1) Expected volatility has been based on the historical volatility of RME’s publicly traded shares. 

2017 

2016 

1.4% 
1.2 
24.7% 
$0.46 
$8.82 
$13.70 
$4.56 

0.5% 
            2.1 
29.8% 
$0.46 
$9.67 
$9.69 
$1.24 

As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, RME has several total return swaps as an economic hedge for RME’s SARs (Note 26.6). 

16.6. 

Employee share ownership plan 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, RME recognized $1,201 in selling, general and administrative expenses with respect 
to Company matched ESOP contributions (2016 – $1,163). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

17. 

Sales 

RME’s annual sales consist of the following for the respective years ended: 

New equipment sales 
Used equipment sales 
Parts sales 
Sale of goods 

Rendering of services 
Total sales 

20 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 
(Note 4) 

435,683 
381,577 
109,582 
926,842 

32,513 
959,355 

412,301 
377,516 
108,807 
898,624 

31,811 
930,435 

18. 

Selling, general and administrative 

RME’s selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist of the following for the respective years ended: 

Compensation and related expenses 
Administrative expenses 
Rent and other facility expenses 
Depreciation and amortization expense 
Equity-settled share-based payment expense 
Total SG&A before overhead 
Product support overhead 
Total SG&A 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 
(Note 4) 

64,541 
19,660 
13,319 
7,417 
15 
104,952 
(5,180) 
99,772 

64,211 
17,855 
13,240 
7,755 
136 
103,197 
(5,227) 
97,970 

Included  in  compensation  and  related  expenses  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  are  variable  sales  commissions  of 
$13,303 (2016 – $13,210).  

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 is comprised of depreciation of property and 
equipment of $7,253 (2016 - $7,591) and amortization of intangible assets of $164 (2016 - $164). 

Administrative expenses consist of marketing, training, insurance, travel, professional fees and other miscellaneous expenses.  

Product support overhead is the allocation of expenses to cost of sales relating to the overhead required to bring equipment 
inventory to a saleable state.  Product support overhead was included in administrative expenses in previous periods. 

19. 

Restructuring costs 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016,  RME  recognized  $3,564  of  costs  associated  with  the  amalgamation  of  RME’s 
Calgary  and  Red  Deer  industrial  facilities  into  existing  agriculture  facilities  in  those  areas.  Included  in  these  expenses  are 
expenses associated with terminating the leases on these facilities, one of which is leased from a related party (see Note 25). 
There were no facilities amalgamated in 2017.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

20. 

Finance costs 

Finance  costs  include  interest  and  other  finance-related  charges,  including  amortization  of  deferred  finance  costs.    RME’s 
finance costs associated with its short- and long-term debt facilities for the respective years ended are as follows: 

21 

Finance costs associated with short-term debt 
Finance costs associated with long-term debt 
Finance costs 

21. 

Income taxes 

21.1. 

Income tax recognized in net earnings 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

10,151 
1,770 
11,921 

12,548 
1,795 
14,343 

Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred tax expense for the respective years ended as follows: 

Current   
Deferred   
Income tax expense 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

7,967 
807 
8,774 

5,277 
678 
5,955 

Total taxes recognized in net earnings were different than the amount computed by applying the combined statutory Canadian 
and Provincial tax rates to income before taxes.  The difference resulted from the following: 

Earnings before income taxes 
Computed tax at statutory tax rate of 27% (2016 – 27%) 
Non-deductible expenses and losses 
Income tax credits 
Adjustment from prior year income tax expenses 
Other 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

31,673 
8,552 
277 
(103) 
20 
28 
8,774 

20,921 
5,649 
500 
(102) 
(38) 
(54) 
5,955 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

21.2. 

  Deferred tax asset (liability) 

22 

Intangible                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Share 
issue 
costs 
$ 

Cumulative 
eligible 
capital 
$ 

Property 
and 
equipment 
$ 

December 31, 2015 
Added in acquisition 
Recognized in net 

earnings 

Recognized in equity 
December 31, 2016 
Recognized in net 

earnings 

Recognized in equity 
December 31, 2017 

89 
- 

(62) 
- 
27 

21 
- 
48 

116 
- 

(29) 
- 
87 

(27) 
- 
60 

(183) 
(21) 

379 
- 
175 

(80) 
- 
95 

$ 

(181) 
- 

44 
- 
(137) 

45 
- 
(92) 

asset           

DSUs & 
SARs 
$ 

Derivatives 
$ 

Tax 
credits 
$ 

123 
- 

273 
- 
396 

508 
- 
904 

2,403 
- 

(1,283) 
(458) 
662 

(1,236) 
(1,055) 
(1,629) 

- 
- 

- 

(38) 
- 
(38) 

Total 
$ 

2,367 
(21) 

(678) 
(458) 
1,210 

(807) 
(1,055) 
(652) 

RME has net allowable capital losses in the amount of $4,077 with no fixed expiry date for which no deferred tax asset has been 
recognized as RME does not expect to have sufficient future taxable profit against which these losses can be utilized.  

RME also has non-capital losses of $1,671  which expire between 2033 and 2034 for which  no deferred tax asset has been 
recognized as these non-capital losses are available within an entity that has no reasonable expectation of future taxable profit. 

22. 

Earnings per share 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no dilutive and 173 anti-dilutive stock options outstanding (2016 – no 
dilutive and 904 anti-dilutive stock options outstanding). Net earnings and the weighted average number of ordinary shares used 
in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for the respective periods were as follows: 

Thousands 

Net earnings used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS ($) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the  
     calculation of basic and diluted EPS (thousands) 
Basic and diluted EPS ($) 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

22,899 

19,413 
1.18 

  14,966 

  19,384 
0.77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

 23. 

  Changes in non-cash working capital 

The net change in non-cash working capital for the years ended December 31 is comprised of the following sources (uses) of 
cash: 

23 

Restricted cash 
Trade receivables and other 
Income taxes receivable 
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses 
Assets held for sale 
Trade payables, accruals and other 
Income taxes payable 
Floor plan payable 
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale 
Deferred revenue  

24. 

Operating lease arrangements 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

- 
(5,427) 
487 
(28,831) 
(2) 
2,501 
(1,247) 
1,079 
9,281 
(1,606) 
3,520 
(20,245) 

879 
(2,352) 
(440) 
57,018 
(695) 
(431) 
14,741 
- 
(60,507) 
44 
(1,200) 
7,057 

Operating leases relate primarily to RME’s facilities with lease terms of between one and eleven years.  Most building leases 
contain  five-year  renewal  options.    During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  RME  recognized  $9,253  of  operating  lease 
payments as expenses (2016 – $9,033). 

Non-cancellable operating lease commitments at December 31 are due as follows: 

Not later than one year 
Later than one year and not later than five years 
Later than five years 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

7,925 
22,007 
5,574 
35,506 

8,169 
17,214 
6,442 
31,825 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

25. 

Related party transactions 

RME entered into the following transactions with related parties for the respective years ended: 

24 

Equipment and product support sales 

Expenditures 
    Rental payment on RME facilities 
    Equipment purchases 
    Flight costs 
    Contributions(1) 
    Other expenses 

(1) Contributions include payments to Ag for Life and Alberta Prosperity Fund 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

2,683 

514 

5,987 
1,278 
55 
57 
42 

5,832 
271 
74 
157 
33 

During 2017, RME settled the remaining lease obligation associated with a vacated industrial facility which was leased from a 
related party for total consideration of $467.  During 2017, RME also received $360 in lease inducements from a related party 
as part of a new leasehold agreement.  Both of these amounts have been presented above within “Rental payments on RME 
facilities”. 

All related parties are either directly or indirectly owned by a member of senior management or director of RME and/or a close 
family member thereof.  These transactions were made on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions 
and are made only if such terms can be substantiated.   

The remuneration of the directors and officers of RME was determined for the years presented by the Compensation and Human 
Resources Committee (formerly, the Compensation, Governance and Nominating Committee) of the Board of Directors, based 
on  performance  and  is  consistent  with  market  trends.    The  remuneration  of  directors  and  officers  of  RME  identified  as  key 
management is as follows for the respective years ended December 31: 

Salary and short-term benefits 
Post-retirement benefits 
Share-based compensation 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

3,054 
35 
2,973 
6,062 

2,754 
25 
1,115 
3,894 

Key management personnel are comprised of RME’s senior officers and directors. As at December 31, 2017, there is a $2,038 
contingent commitment (2016 – $1,528) relating to the termination of employment of the key management personnel. 

Amounts due from (to) related parties are included in the consolidated statements of financial position under trade receivables 
and other (trade payables, accruals and other) and are as follows: 

Due from related parties 
Due to related parties 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

27 
(1,087) 

45 
(766) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

The amounts due from related parties are not secured and are to be settled in cash.  As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, the 
amounts  due  from  related  parties  are  considered  collectible  and  therefore  have  not  been  provided  for  in  the  allowance  for 
doubtful accounts.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, $Nil has been recognized in bad debt expenses with respect to 
related party transactions (2016 – $Nil). 

RME has contractual obligations to related parties in the form of facility leases.  As at December 31, 2017, these contractual 
obligations and due dates are as follows: 

$ thousands 

Total 

2018 

2019-2020 

2021-2022 

Thereafter 

Operating lease obligations 

31,663 

5,777 

11,011 

9,320 

5,555 

26. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management 

RME, through its financial assets and liabilities, has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments: credit 
risk, market risk (consisting of foreign currency exchange risk, interest rate risk and equity price risk), and liquidity risk.  The 
following analysis provides a measurement of these risks as at December 31, 2017 and 2016.   

26.1. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to RME.  
RME has a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a 
means  of  mitigating  the  risk  of  financial  loss  from  defaults.    The  creditworthiness  of  counterparties  is  determined  using 
information supplied by independent rating agencies where available and, if not available, RME uses other publicly available 
financial  information  and  its  own  trading  records  to  rate  its  major  customers.    RME’s  exposure  and  the  credit  ratings  of  its 
counterparties  are  continuously  monitored  and  the  aggregate  value  of  transactions  concluded  is  spread  amongst  approved 
counterparties.  Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed regularly.   

RME’s exposure to credit risk on its cash balance is mitigated as these financial assets are held with major financial institutions 
with strong credit ratings.   

The  aging  of  RME’s  trade  receivables  is  disclosed  in  Note  5.    Contracts  in  transit  and  warranty  receivables  are  due  from 
counterparties who maintain strong credit ratings and RME has a history of collecting on these accounts.  Trade receivables 
consist  of  amounts  due  from  a  large  number  of  customers,  spread  across  geographic  areas.    On-going  credit  evaluation  is 
performed on the financial condition of the customers. 

26.2. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk from changes in market prices, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and 
RME’s stock price which will affect RME’s earnings as well as the value of the financial instruments held and cash-settled share 
based instruments outstanding. 

26.2.1.  Foreign currency exchange risk and sensitivity analysis 

Certain of RME’s financial instruments are exposed to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar (“USD”).  When considered appropriate, 
RME purchases forward contracts for USD as a means of mitigating this risk. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

The following table details RME’s exposure to currency risk at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and a sensitivity analysis to changes 
in currency.  A 5.0% change in currency was used for obligations that would be retired in 30 days or less and a 10.0% change 
in currency for obligations that would be retired within one year.  The sensitivity analysis includes USD denominated monetary 
items  and  adjusts  their  translation  at  year  end  for  their  respective  change  in  the  USD  exchange  rate.    For  the  respective 
weakening of the USD, there would be an equal and opposite effect on net earnings.  The effect of net earnings is presented 
net of tax. 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Change in 
currency rates 
% 

Expressed   
in CAD 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended 
$  

Expressed     

in CAD 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended  
$ 

Cash 
Trade payables, accruals and other 
Floor plan payable 

5.0 
5.0 
10.0 

2,297 
(422) 
(3,050) 
(1,175) 

84 
(15) 
(222) 
(153) 

2,577 
(289) 
(2,014) 
274 

94 
(11) 
(148) 
(65) 

Included  in  selling,  general  and  administrative  expense  are  net  gains  recognized  due  to  foreign  currency  translation  for 
transactions and balances aggregating $692 for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2016 – gains of $715). 

26.2.2. 

Interest rate risk and sensitivity analysis 

RME’s financial liabilities are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to certain of its long-term liabilities and floor 
plan payable.  

RME manages its cash flow interest rate risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps when appropriate.  Generally, RME 
will raise floor plan financing and/or long-term debt at floating rates.  When RME enters into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap, 
it agrees with a third party to exchange the difference between the fixed and floating contract rates based on agreed notional 
amounts.   

The following table details RME’s exposure to interest rate risk as at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and a sensitivity analysis to 
an increase of interest rates by 0.5% on net earnings.  The sensitivity includes floating rate financial liabilities and adjusts their 
effect at period end for a 0.5% increase in interest rates.  A decrease of 0.5% would result in an equal and opposite effect on 
net earnings.  The effect on net earning is presented net of tax.  This analysis excludes floating rate financial liabilities for which 
RME has hedged its exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the use of floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, as well as 
interest rate swaps themselves. 

Change in 
interest rates 
% 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Floating rate 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended  
$ 

Floating rate 
financial 
liabilities 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended  
$ 

0.5 
0.5 

82,511 
6,572 
89,083 

301 
24 
325 

89,964 
28,568 
118,532 

328 
104 
432 

Floor plan payable(1) 
Term Facility 

(1) 2016 includes liabilities associated with assets held for sale. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

26.2.3.  Equity price risk and sensitivity analysis 

RME’s financial assets (liabilities) are exposed to fluctuations in its stock price with respect to the total return swaps. 

The following table details RME’s exposure to equity price risk as at December 31, 2017 and 2016, including a sensitivity analysis 
measuring the impact on net earnings of a 5% decrease in RME’s share price. An increase of 5% would result in an equal and 
opposite effect on net earnings.  The effect on net earning is presented net of tax.   

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Total return 
swap 
financial 
asset 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended  
$ 

Total return 
swap   
financial   
asset 
$ 

Effect on net 
earnings year 
ended  
$ 

Change in 
stock price 
% 

Total return swaps 

5.0 

5,343 

(585) 

869 

(449) 

26.3. 

Liquidity risk 

RME’s objective is to have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due.  RME monitors its cash balance and cash flows 
generated from operations as well as available credit facilities to meet its requirements.   

RME has credit facilities with a syndicate of lenders to help finance the general day-to-day cash requirements of its operations 
(the “Operating Facility”), to finance its inventory (the “Flooring Facility”), and to finance acquisitions, and real estate transactions 
(the “Term Facility”), (collectively the “Syndicated Facility”). 

The Syndicated Facility is a revolving facility secured in favour of the syndicate by a general security agreement.  During both 
2017 and 2016, advances under the Syndicated Facility could be made based on our lender’s prime rate or the US base rate 
plus 1.0% – 2.5% or based on the banker’s acceptance (“BA”) rate plus 2.0% – 3.5%.  RME paid standby fees of between 0.4% 
and 0.7% per annum on any undrawn portion of the Syndicated Facility.  The Syndicated Facility matures on September 24, 
2020, however, it is RME’s intention to renew this facility prior to its maturity date.  

The facilities included in the Syndicated Facility have the following limits: 

Operating Facility 
Term Facility 
Flooring Facility 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

60,000 
75,000 
125,000 

60,000 
75,000 
125,000 

In addition to the Flooring Facility, RME has additional floor plan facilities of approximately $433,580 as at December 31, 2017 
(2016 – $467,000). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

RME assesses its liquidity based on the expected period in which cash flows will occur.  The following tables summarize RME’s 
undiscounted cash flows expected for its financial liabilities as at December 31.  The analysis is based on foreign exchange 
rates and interest rates in effect at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position and includes both principal and 
interest cash flows. 

As at December 31, 2017 

Trade payables, accruals and other(1) 
Floor plan payable 
Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Derivative financial liabilities 

As at December 31, 2016 

Trade payables, accruals and other(1) 
Floor plan payable(2) 
Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Derivative financial liabilities 

Interest and 
principal 
outstanding 
$ 

43,400 
314,968 
41,564 
529 
1,079 
401,540 

Interest and 
principal 
outstanding 
$ 

46,528 
307,665 
53,066 
987 
3,614 
411,860 

(1) Trade payables, accruals and other excludes DSUs and SARs which are not financial instruments. 

(2) Includes liabilities associated with assets held for sale. 

2018 
$ 

2019-2020 
$ 

2021-2022 
$ 

Thereafter 
$ 

43,400 
314,968 
7,376 
453 
570 
366,767 

- 
- 
14,107 
76 
509 
14,692 

- 
- 
13,267 
- 
- 
13,267 

- 
- 
6,814 
- 
- 
6,814 

2017 
$ 

2018-2019 
$ 

2020-2021 
$ 

Thereafter 
$ 

46,528 
307,665 
8,206 
458 
1,468 
364,325 

- 
- 
15,794 
523 
1,750 
18,067 

- 
- 
14,987 
6 
396 
15,389 

- 
- 
14,079 
- 
- 
14,079 

The Term Facility included in long-term debt is governed by a syndicated credit agreement which, if not renewed, will mature on 
September 24, 2020.  The tables presented above assumes the agreement is renewed prior to maturity.  In the event that the 
Syndicated Facility is not renewed prior to its maturity, the cash outflow for the long-term debt outstanding as at December 31, 
2017 would be $32,507 in 2019-2020 and $Nil in subsequent periods (2016 – $42,643 for 2018-2019 and $Nil in subsequent 
periods).   

26.4. 

Fair value of financial instruments carried at amortized cost 

The carrying amounts of cash, trade receivables and other, trade payables, accruals and other (excluding DSUs and SARs) 
approximate their fair values because of the short-term maturities of these items.  The carrying amounts of floor plan payable, 
long-term debt and obligations under finance leases approximate their fair values as the interest rates are consistent with market 
rates for similar debt.   

26.5. 

Fair value measurements recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position 

RME’s financial instruments which are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value and are categorized as follows: 

•  Level 1 financial instruments are those whose fair value can be derived from quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active 

markets for similar financial assets or liabilities.  RME does not have any Level 1 financial instruments. 

•  Level 2 financial instruments are those whose fair value can be derived from inputs that are observable for the asset or 
liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).  RME’s Level 2 financial instruments consist 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

of interest rate swaps and total return swaps.  As at December 31, 2017, RME had a net derivative financial asset of 
$6,033 associated with these derviatives (2016 – net derivative financial liabilite of $2,452). 

•  Level 3 financial instruments are those whose fair value is derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the 
financial asset or liability which are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).  RME has no Level 3 
financial instruments. 

There were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 during 2017 or 2016. 

26.6. 

Derivative financial instruments and hedges 

RME has long and short-term debt raised at floating interest rates based on the prevailing Bankers’ Acceptance rate and hedges 
a portion of this risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. Under the interest rate swaps, RME hedges interest rate risk 
by exchanging, at monthly intervals, the difference between fixed contract rates and floating-rate interest amounts calculated by 
reference  to  the  agreed  notional  amounts.    The  interest  rate  swaps  hedge  RME’s  exposure  to  interest  rate  fluctuations  on 
portions of the Term Facility and various floor plan facilities. The accumulated amounts recognized within accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) will be reversed into net earnings over the remainder of the term of the derivatives. Future changes 
in fair value will be recognized as descrived in Note 3.21.10. For the year ended, December 31, 2017, RME recognized a gain 
of $104 (2016 – gain of $276) associated with its interest rate swaps in the statement of net earnings and a gain of $2,852 (2016 
– gain of $1,238), net of tax in other comprehensive income. 

Interest rate swaps outstanding for the years ended December 31 are as follows: 

December 31,  
2017 

          December 31,  
                  2016 

Notional amount 
Effective fixed interest rate 
Effective floating interest rate 
Maturity dates 

                 $ 140,671 
                      4.7% 
                      4.0% 
August 2018 – April 2023 

                 $ 129,250 
                      4.9% 
                      3.6% 

April 2017 – September 2022 

RME has several total return swaps to hedge the exposure associated with increases in its share value on its outstanding DSUs 
and SARs.  RME does not apply hedge accounting to these relationships and as such, gains and losses arising from marking 
these derivatives to market are recognized in earnings in the period in which they arise.    

As at December 31, 2017, RME’s total return swaps cover 1,170 thousand of RME’s underlying common shares (2016 – 1,270 
thousand).  For the year ended, December 31, 2017, RME recognized a gain of $4,474 (2016 – gain of $4,475) associated with 
its total return swaps. 

Derivative financial assets consist of: 

Total return swaps 
Interest rate swaps 

Current portion 
Long-term portion 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

5,343 
1,687 
7,030 
2,921 
4,109 

868 
- 
868 
290 
578 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

Derivative financial liabilities consist of: 

Interest rate swaps 
Current portion 
Long-term portion 

Gains on derivative financial instruments are as follows: 

Opening net derivative financial liability 
Gain recognized in net earnings   
Gain recognized in other comprehensive income – net of tax  
Tax on gain recognized in other comprehensive income  
Ending net derivative financial (asset) liability 

30 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

997 
533 
464 

3,320 
1,449 
1,871 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

2,452 
(4,578) 
(2,852) 
(1,055) 
(6,033) 

8,899 
(4,751) 
(1,238) 
(458) 
2,452 

The balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) relates to changes in the value of RME’s various interest rate 
swaps.  These accumulated amounts will be continuously released to the consolidated statement of net earnings within finance 
costs and (gain) loss on derivative financial instruments until full repayment of the underlying debt. 

During the years presented and cumulatively to date, changes in counterparty credit risk have not significantly contributed to the 
overall changes in the fair value of these derivative financial instruments.  

27. 

Management of capital 

RME’s objectives when managing capital are: 

(a)  To maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the cost of capital at acceptable risk; and 
(b)  To maintain capital in a manner which balances the interests of equity and debt holders. 

In the management of capital, RME includes shareholders’ equity, long-term debt and obligations under finance leases (including 
current portions thereof), and floor plan payable. 

RME manages its capital structure and makes adjustments due to changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics 
of the underlying assets.  In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, RME may adjust the amount of dividends paid to 
shareholders, purchase shares for cancellation pursuant to normal course issuer bids, issue new shares, issue new debt, and/or 
issue new debt to replace existing debt with different characteristics. 

RME monitors debt to  equity capitalization. This ratio  is a non-IFRS measure  which does not have a standardized meaning 
prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.   

RME calculates debt to equity capitalization including and excluding floor plan payable.  Debt to equity capitalization (excluding 
floor plan payable) is calculated as total long-term debt including obligations under finance leases, (both current and long-term 
portions), divided by total equity, (common shares, contributed surplus, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and 
retained earnings).  Debt to equity capitalization (including floor plan payable) includes the balance of floor plan payable in the 
calculation of the numerator.  

The debt to equity ratio target excluding floor plan payable is between 0.2 and 0.4 to 1. As at December 31, 2017 RME was 
slightly outside its target range for this ratio (2016, RME was within its target range for this ratio).  The debt to equity ratio target 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share and per option amounts 

for RME including floor plan payable is debt between 2.0 and 3.0 to 1.0.  As at December 31, 2017 RME was outside its target 
range for this ratio (2016, RME was outside its target range for this ratio) due to RME applying avalible cash against interest 
bearing debt.  

The components of debt to equity ratios are as follows: 

Current portion of long-term debt 
Current portion of obligations under finance leases 
Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Total debt excluding floor plan payable 
Floor plan payable(1) 
Total debt including floor plan payable 

Shareholders’ equity 

Debt equity ratios 

- excluding floor plan payable 
- including floor plan payable 

(1) 2016 Includes liabilities associated with assets held for sale. 

December 31, 
2017 
$ 

December 31, 
2016 
$ 

6,104 
445 
30,919 
75 
37,543 
305,342 
342,885 

6,825 
440 
40,778 
521 
48,564 
297,667 
346,231 

200,104 

177,181 

0.19 
1.71 

0.27 
1.95 

Pursuant to agreements with lenders, RME is also required to monitor and report certain non-IFRS measures on a quarterly 
basis.  These measures and the applicable compliance ranges are as follows: 

Fixed charge coverage of at least 
Debt to tangible net worth less than 
Current ratio of at least 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

1.15-1.20:1 
4.00-5.00:1 
1.20:1 

1.15-1.20:1 
4.00-5.00:1 
1.15-1.20:1 

Each lender has its own definition of which account balances are to be included in these computations.  As at December 31, 
2017 and 2016, RME was in compliance with all externally imposed capital requirements. 

28. 

Economic dependence 

RME is a retail dealer of CNH equipment (with a distribution agreement through CNH Industrial Canada Ltd.), and is therefore 
party to dealership and distribution contracts with various affiliates of CNH.  These contracts grant RME the right to act as an 
authorized  dealer  of  CNH  equipment  brands  including  Case  IH  agriculture,  Case  Construction  and  New  Holland.  This  also 
entitles RME to use certain floor plan facilities as provided by CNH-affiliated entities.  These dealership contracts, as well as the 
associated floor plan facilities, can be cancelled by CNH if RME does not observe certain established guidelines and covenants.  
This is a common provision in the industry in which RME operates. 

29. 

Subsequent event 

In January 2018, RME initiated the unwinding of 510 thousand shares of our equity hedge position in order to realign the hedge 
position with the number of SARs and DSUs outstanding.  RME anticipates that a loss will be recognized on the unwinding of 
this position as a result of the decline in the share price during the unwinding period, with such period culminating during the first 
quarter of 2018. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

1 

ROCKY MOUNTAIN DEALERSHIPS INC. 
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) was prepared as of March 13, 2018, and is provided to assist readers 
in understanding Rocky Mountain Dealerships Inc.’s financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2017.  It should 
be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
together  with  the  notes  thereto  and  the  auditor’s  report  thereon.    The  results  reported  herein  have  been  derived  from 
consolidated  financial  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as 
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and are presented in Canadian dollars.   

Unless the context otherwise requires, use in this MD&A of “RME”, “we”, “us”, or “our” means Rocky Mountain Dealerships 
Inc.  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries  including  Rocky  Mountain  Equipment  Canada  Ltd.  (“RME  Canada”)  and  Rocky 
Mountain Dealer Acquisition Corp. (“RMDAC”).  

RME’s common shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol ‘RME’.  Additional information relating to 
RME, including RME’s Annual Information Form, dated March 13, 2018 (“AIF”), is available on the System for Electronic 
Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) website at www.sedar.com.  

This  MD&A  contains  forward-looking  information  and  statements  (collectively,  “FLS”).    Please  see  the  section  “Caution 
Regarding Forward-Looking Information and Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating 
to those statements.  

Unless  otherwise  indicated,  changes  in  financial  results  for  the  quarter  and  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  have  been 
calculated using the same periods in the prior year as comparative figures.  Changes in our financial position as at December 
31, 2017, are calculated using December 31, 2016 as the comparative. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

$ thousands 

Sales 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Gross profit as a % of sales 

Selling, general and administrative 
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments 
Loss on vacant land 
Restructuring charges 
Earnings before finance costs and income taxes 
Finance costs 
Earnings before income taxes 
Income taxes 
Net earnings 
Net earnings as a % of sales 

Earnings per share 

Basic 
Diluted 

Dividends per share 
Book value / diluted share – December 31 

For the quarter ended 
December 31, 
2016 

2017 

2015 

2017 

For the year ended 
December 31, 
2016 

273,389 
235,176 
38,213 
14.0% 

285,749 
251,633 
34,116 
11.9% 

285,587 
248,049 
37,538 
13.1% 

959,355 
819,926 
139,429 
14.5% 

930,435 
797,028 
133,407 
14.3% 

27,275 
(3,131) 
- 
- 
14,069 
2,799 
11,270 
3,099 
8,171 
3.0% 

25,205 
(605) 
- 
- 
9,516 
3,346 
6,170 
1,466 
4,704 
1.6% 

0.42 
0.42 
0.115 

0.24 
0.24 
0.115 

27,175 
274 
- 
- 
10,089 
3,813 
6,276 
1,696 
4,580 
1.6% 

0.24 
0.24 
0.115 

0.25 
8,966 
25,260 
8.8% 
6,844 

99,772 
(4,578) 
641 
- 
43,594 
11,921 
31,673 
8,774 
22,899 
2.4% 

1.18 
1.18 
0.46 
10.07 

1.16 
40,163 
89,115 
9.3% 
(720) 

97,970 
(4,751) 
1,360 
3,564 
35,264 
14,343 
20,921 
5,955 
14,966 
1.6% 

0.77 
0.77 
0.46 
9.14 

0.83 
31,621 
89,238 
9.6% 
87,626 

2015 

975,456 
833,475 
141,981 
14.6% 

108,228 
3,548 
- 
- 
30,205 
14,807 
15,398 
4,105 
11,293 
1.2% 

0.58 
0.58 
0.46 
8.78 

0.71 
28,622 
100,612 
10.3% 
92,193 

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share(1) 
Adjusted EBITDA(1) 
Operating SG&A(1) 
Operating SG&A(1) as a % of sales 
Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan(1) 
(1) – See further discussion in “Non-IFRS Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections below. 

0.39 
12,754 
23,066 
8.4% 
(36,367) 

0.23 
8,176 
23,044 
8.1% 
14,542 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

SUMMARY OF THE QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017  

Sales and Margins 

2 

  Total sales decreased 4.3% or $12.4 million to $273.4 million compared with $285.7 million for the same period in 
2016  due  to  an  $18.5  million  decrease  in  used  equipment  sales  year-over-year  offset  by  an  increase  in  new 
equipment, parts, and service revenues.  Used equipment sales in the fourth quarter of 2016 were higher than usual 
as a result of lingering harvest activity and our concerted effort to downsize our used equipment inventory levels. 
  Fourth quarter gross profit increased by 12.0% or $4.1 million to $38.2 million compared with $34.1 million for the 

same period in 2016, due to increased profit margins as explained below. 

  Gross profit as a percent of sales increased to 14.0% for the fourth quarter of 2017 compared with 11.9% during the 

same period of 2016 due to higher transactional margins on equipment sales.  

Cost Structure and Earnings 

Operating SG&A(1) for the fourth quarter of 2017 was flat compared with the same period of last year, but increased as a 
percentage of sales to 8.4% from 8.1%, as a result of decreased sales activity during the quarter. 

Finance costs for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 decreased 16.3% or $0.5 million to $2.8 million compared with $3.3 
million  for  the  same  period  in  2016,  due  to  reduced  financial  leverage.    This  reduction,  combined  with stronger  margins 
translated into year-over-year improvements in both: 

  Adjusted EBITDA(1) for the fourth quarter of 2017, which increased by 56.0% or $4.6 million to $12.8 million compared 

with $8.2 million for the same period in 2016; and 

  Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share(1) for the fourth quarter of 2017, which increased by 69.6% or $0.16 to $0.39 

compared with $0.23 in the same period of 2016. 

(1) – See further discussion in “Non-IFRS Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections below. 

Balance Sheet and Inventory 

We continue to focus our attention on maximizing the return on assets deployed, namely inventory.  Through targeted sales 
efforts as well as disciplined procurement, including presale orders, we strive to maintain an inventory balance and profile 
which is conducive to continued improvement in inventory turns.  As anticipated, RME’s inventory increased during the fourth 
quarter  of  2017,  due  to  a  combination  of  trades  taken  on  fourth  quarter  new  equipment  deliveries  and  restocking  in 
preparation for the coming sales season. 

Since the third quarter of 2017:   

  Used equipment inventory increased $54.5 million, due in part to late model trade-ins (1-2 years old) associated with 
recent new equipment sales.  Trade value is typically correlated to age, with later-model equipment incorporating 
newer technology, having fewer hours and a higher market price relative to the profile of units sold out of inventory 
during the period.  Used equipment inventory growth was distributed across equipment categories and is in line with 
our overall inventory plan; and 

  New equipment inventory increased $9.5 million in preparation for future sales. 

Inventory turned 1.80 times during 2017, up from 1.64 times last year, a 9.8% improvement year-over-year. 

COMPANY OVERVIEW 

Headquartered  in  Calgary,  Alberta,  RME  is  Canada’s  largest  agriculture  equipment  dealer  with  a  network  of  full-service 
equipment stores across the Canadian Prairie Provinces. 

RME is Canada’s largest retail dealer of CNH equipment, which includes Case IH, New Holland, and Case Construction.  
We  are  also  a  major  independent  dealer  of  equipment  from  a  number  of  other  “short-line”  agriculture  and  industrial 
manufacturers. 

We offer our customers a one-stop solution for their equipment needs through new and used equipment sales, parts sales, 
repairs and maintenance services and third-party equipment financing and insurance services.  In addition, we provide or 
arrange other ancillary offerings such as GPS signal subscriptions and geomatics services.  

RME’s  operations  in  Alberta,  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba  are  conducted  through  RME  Canada  under  the  name  Rocky 
Mountain Equipment.   

 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

MARKET FUNDAMENTALS AND OUTLOOK 

3 

RME is primarily engaged in the business of selling agriculture equipment to grain, oilseed and pulse crop farmers in Alberta, 
Saskatchewan and Manitoba. 

In  addition  to  equipment  price,  demand  for  agriculture  equipment  is  supported  by  farming  incomes  which  in  turn,  are  a 
function  of  commodity  prices,  quantity  and  quality  of  the  crop  and  input  costs.    Many  of  these  factors  are  influenced  by 
weather conditions on both a local and, to an extent, on a global basis.  Changes in these demand drivers can cause our 
customers’ buying patterns to shift.  The agriculture sector exhibits cyclical surges in demand and profitability driven by these 
macroeconomic factors, as well as other factors that can impact our industry.     

Equipment utilization rates, by contrast, are less volatile as agricultural equipment tends to incur hours in the field regardless 
of  weather  or  economic  conditions.    The  business  of  farming  requires  producers  to  work  their  fields  each  year.  
Circumstances may exist, however, that cause farmers to opt for used equipment in lieu of new equipment, or they may elect 
to maintain rather than replace their fleets.  Our broad range of product and service offerings enable us to respond to these 
shifts in buying patterns and provide a measure of stability within our financial results. 

Competitive Landscape 

We have exclusive distribution rights for some of the world’s leading equipment brands across Canada’s Prairie Provinces.  
Significant barriers to entry exist in this market, which help us maintain our position as an exclusive supplier of these brands.  
Our installed base and customer relationships create an annuity of equipment sales and product support revenue, which 
help drive dependable earnings and cash flow.  

Our Customers 

The fundamentals underlying the Western Canadian farming industry continue to support profitability and create value for 
our customer base.  Elevated production levels and healthy commodity prices for key Western Canadian crops drove steady 
improvements in farm net worth between 2011 and 2015 (2015 being the most recent year for which data is available from 
Statistics Canada1).  Farmer net worth speaks to our customers’ capacity to invest in their equipment fleets and other services 
offered by RME. 

Supply 

In recent years, the number of new agriculture units delivered to Canadian farmers trailed historical levels as the market 
digested an elevated equipment population as well as price increases associated with new technology and a depreciating 
Canadian dollar.   

In  response,  agriculture  equipment  manufacturers  curtailed  production  and  focused  on  moving  existing  inventory  levels 
through the supply chain by providing price relief to farmers.  After having absorbed this supply, demand for new equipment 
remained relatively satiated for a period of time where new unit deliveries declined.  

In recent quarters, we have begun to see signs that Western Canada’s agriculture equipment profile is reverting to a more 
typical composition, with customer demand for new equipment beginning to pick up.  With supply and demand now largely 
realigned, we have also begun to see manufacturer delivery lead-times grow on certain products during peak demand times.   

Crop Outlook 

Unlike a year ago, when late-fall precipitation deferred harvest in some northern regions until the spring, the 2017 harvest 
has left very little crop in the field.  Although delayed, due in part to the harvesting of these overwintered crops, the Canadian 
Prairies were seeded corner-to-corner in 2017.  Statistics Canada estimates the total area seeded to principal field crops to 
have increased by 0.4% over 2016.  Yield estimates have, however, receded as compared to last year.  While still robust, 
overall  crop  production  levels,  are  expected  to  decline  1.2%  year-over-year2.    The  combination  of  solid  production  and 
healthy  commodity  prices  for  key  Western  Canadian  crops  serves  to  reinforce  the  already  strong  balance  sheets  of  our 
customer base. 

1 CANSIM Table 002‐0071. 
2 Canada: Outlook for Principal Field Crops – February 16, 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                      
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

CAPITAL ALLOCATION STRATEGY 

4 

Our success has enabled us to consider a variety of capital allocation options such as returning capital to shareholders, 
accretive  acquisitions  and further debt  reductions.    With  the  improvements we  have  made  to  our operational  model  and 
integration capabilities, growth through acquisition is viewed as the primary option.  Since inception, RME has grown by 
acquiring  19  dealerships  throughout  the  Canadian  prairies.    However,  while  we  are  continuously  evaluating  potential 
transactions to drive accretive growth, we are just as satisfied to be patient for the right opportunities. 

Acquisition Strategy 

In order to maximize synergistic value, we typically target dealership operations in areas with similar farm demographics and 
crop profiles to our existing operations.  This means that Case IH and New Holland agriculture equipment dealers in the 
Canadian prairies continue to be of interest to us.  We view acquisitions in the Canadian prairies as scale acquisitions, where 
acquired dealerships are fully integrated into our network.  One immediate source of accretion in an acquisition is our ability 
to redistribute inventory throughout a broader network of dealerships, enabling us to better scale our investment in inventory. 

Another area of interest to us is the area south of our current operations in the United States (“US”).  US regions with crops 
similar to the crop mix of the Canadian Prairies currently benefit from good economics and the balance sheets of farming 
operations in these regions are supportive of ongoing equipment purchases.  While we would require manufacturer approval 
prior to doing so, an acquisition in these regions of the US would be transformational, giving us further growth opportunities 
in the US market. 

Dividend and Debt 

For the immediate future, RME will maintain its current dividend, continue to pay down debt, and keep its balance sheet 
ready in the event a transaction can be consummated.  The Board of Directors regularly reviews RME’s capital allocation 
strategy and, in the absence of an accretive use of capital, may rebalance how capital is allocated. 

 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Sales  

$ thousands 

Sales 

New equipment 
Used equipment 
Parts 
Service 
Total sales 
Gross profit 
Gross margin 

5 

For the quarter ended 
December 31, 
2016 

2017 

Change 

2017 

For the year ended 
December 31, 
2016 

Change 

155,214 
89,409 
20,822 
7,944 
273,389 
38,213 
14.0% 

149,591 
107,938 
20,414 
7,806 
285,749 
34,116 
11.9% 

5,623 
(18,529) 
408 
138 
(12,360) 
4,097 
2.1% 

435,683 
381,577 
109,582 
32,513 
959,355 
139,429 
14.5% 

412,301 
377,516 
108,807 
31,811 
930,435 
133,407 
14.3% 

23,382 
4,061 
775 
702 
28,920 
6,022 
0.2% 

Fourth Quarter “Q4” 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

For the quarter ended December 31, 2017, total sales were $273.4 million, a decrease of 4.3% or $12.4 million compared 
with the same period in 2016 due to an $18.5 million decrease in used equipment sales year-over-year, offset by an increase 
in new equipment, parts, and service revenues.  Used equipment sales in the fourth quarter of 2016 reflect lingering harvest 
activity and our concerted effort to downsize our used equipment inventory levels. 

Year-to-Date “YTD” 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, total sales were $959.4 million, an increase of 3.1% or $28.9 million compared with 
2016.  The increase was largely due to a $23.4 million increase in new equipment sales.   

The overall growth in equipment sales in 2017 reflects additional deliveries of in-season harvest equipment, as well as an 
uptick in demand and moderate price escalation, both of which enhanced revenues across all product lines.     

Parts and Service Activity 

Parts and service activity (collectively “Product Support”) is, in some cases, performed for the benefit of other departments 
within RME.  This activity is excluded from reported parts and service revenues.  Management assesses overall product 
support  activity  to  ensure  that  the  resources  deployed  are  adequate  in  light  of  total  activity.    Total  Product  Support  is 
reconciled to our reported revenues for the respective departments as follows:  

$ thousands 

Parts activity 

Total activity 
Internal activity eliminated 

Reported revenues 

Service activity 
Total activity 
Internal activity eliminated 

Reported revenues 

For the quarter ended 
December 31, 
2016 

2017 

Change 

2017 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

Change 

24,133 
(3,311) 
20,822 

23,364 
(2,950) 
20,414 

769 
(361) 
408 

122,245 
(12,663) 
109,582 

121,782 
(12,975) 
108,807 

463 
312 
775 

12,201 
(4,257) 
7,944 

11,517 
(3,711) 
7,806 

684 
(546) 
138 

50,435 
(17,922) 
32,513 

49,414 
(17,603) 
31,811 

1,021 
(319) 
702 

Total reported Product Support revenues 

28,766 

28,220 

546 

142,095 

140,618 

1,477 

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

Product Support revenues for the quarter increased by 1.9% or $0.5 million to $28.8 million compared with $28.2 million in 
the same period of 2016, due to stronger acceptance of Product Support offerings during the quarter. 

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

Product Support revenues for 2017 increased by 1.1% or $1.5 million to $142.1 million compared with $140.6 million in 2016, 
due  to  stronger  acceptance  of  preventative  maintenance  service  offerings  slightly  offset  by  weaker  in-season  Product 
Support  sales  stemming  from  less  demanding  harvest  conditions.    A  drier,  more  rapid  harvest  season,  such  as  the  one 
experienced during 2017, limits crop throughput and machine failures and ultimately tempers Product Support demand. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
ROCKY
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DEALERSHIPS

Gross Profit 

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

6 

Gross profit for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 increased by $4.1 million or 12.0% to $38.2 million compared with 
$34.1 million for the same period in 2016, due to higher margin sales and a change in sales mix.  Gross profit as a percent 
of sales increased to 14.0% for the fourth quarter of 2017 compared with 11.9% during the same period of 2016, led by 
improved  transactional  margins  and  complimented  by  increased  incentives  from  our  original  equipment  manufacturers 
(“OEMs”) and a shift in sales mix.  

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

Gross profit for 2017 increased $6.0 million or 4.5% to $139.4 million due to increased sales and stronger transactional level 
margins, offset by changes in sales mix and lower incentives from our OEMs, which were a headwind for gross margins 
during the year.  Despite increased new equipment sales volumes, manufacturer incentives recognized during the year are 
down $0.5 million as compared with last year, as we were unable to fully offset the impact of changes in incentive programs 
with incremental sales. 

Selling, General and Administrative  

RME  assesses  its  Operating  SG&A  relative  to  total  sales  in analyzing  its  results  (see  the  definition  and reconciliation  of 
Operating  SG&A  in  the  “Non-IFRS  Measures”  and  “Reconciliation  of  Non-IFRS  Measures  to  IFRS”  sections  below).  
Operating SG&A is comprised of facility, administrative and compensation related expenditure, the majority of which are 
fixed in the short-term.  The largest variable component of RME’s Operating SG&A is commission associated with the sale 
of equipment inventory.   

RME targets Operating SG&A of less than 10% of sales on an annual basis.   

$ thousands 

Variable sales commissions 
Other Operating SG&A 
Operating SG&A 
Operating SG&A as a % of sales 

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

For the quarter ended 
December 31, 
2016 

2017 

Change 

2017 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

Change 

3,531  
19,535  
23,066  
8.4% 

3,304  
19,740  
23,044  
8.1% 

227  
(205) 
22  
0.3% 

13,303  
75,812  
89,115  
9.3% 

13,210  
76,028  
89,238  
9.6% 

93 
(216) 
(123) 
(0.3%) 

Operating SG&A for the fourth quarter of 2017 was $23.1 million, roughly flat compared with the same period in 2016.  Within 
Operating SG&A, $0.2 million of additional sales commissions on incremental gross profits were offset by a comparable 
reduction in other Operating SG&A costs.  The restructuring of our distribution network was completed in early 2016, which 
means that Operating SG&A during the current and prior year periods reflect a comparable cost structure.   

Flat Operating SG&A on lower sales volumes translated into a 0.3% increase in Operating SG&A as a percentage of sales, 
amounting to 8.4% for the fourth quarter of 2017 compared to 8.1% for the same period last year. 

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Operating SG&A was roughly flat at $89.1 million compared with $89.2 million in 
2016.   

As a percentage of sales, Operating SG&A for the year ended December 31, 2017 is down 0.3% to 9.3% compared with 
9.6% in 2016 as a result of our cost structure holding steady while sales increased.  

Finance Costs 

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

Finance costs for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 decreased 16.3% or $0.5 million to $2.8 million compared with $3.3 
million  for  the  same  period  in  2016,  due  to  a  year-over-year  decrease  in  the  average amount  drawn  on RME’s  interest-
bearing credit facilities. 

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

Full year finance costs for 2017 decreased 16.9% or $2.4 million to $11.9 million compared with $14.3 million in 2016, as a 
result of lower average balances being carried on RME’s interest-bearing credit facilities. 

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
ROCKY
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Net Earnings 

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

7 

Net earnings for quarter ended December 31, 2017 increased 73.7% or $3.5 million to $8.2 million compared with $4.7 million 
for the same period in 2016, as a result of increased gross profit margin, a net gain on RME’s derivative financial instruments, 
and lower finance costs on a year-over-year basis.  Earnings per share on a basic and diluted basis for the fourth quarter of 
2017 increased 75.0% or $0.18 to $0.42 compared with $0.24 for the same period in 2016. 

The  impact  on  net  earnings  of  RME’s  derivative  financial  instruments  and  other  unusual  or  non-recurring  items  can  be 
significant.  Management uses the Non-IFRS measure Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share to evaluate earnings excluding 
such items.  Refer to the “Non-IFRS Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections below for the 
definition and reconciliation of Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share. 

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 increased 69.6% or $0.16 to $0.39 compared 
with $0.23 for the same period in 2016. 

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

Net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased 53.0% or $7.9 million to $22.9 million compared with $15.0 
million in 2016, as a result of increased sales, increased gross profit margin and lower finance costs.  During 2016, we also 
incurred $3.6 million of restructuring charges and $1.4 million of impairment charges/losses on vacant land, versus $0.6 
million in 2017.  Earnings per share on a basic and diluted basis for 2017 increased 53.2% or $0.41 to $1.18 compared with 
$0.77 in 2016. 

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased 39.8% or $0.33 to $1.16 compared 
with $0.83 for the same period in 2016. 

Adjusted EBITDA 

RME analyzes its Adjusted EBITDA in order to consistently compare periods by removing the impact of fluctuations in tax 
rates,  long-term  assets,  financing  costs  related  to  our  capital  structure  and  our  share  price.    See  the  definition  and 
reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA in the “Non-IFRS Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections 
below.   

As part of our analysis of Adjusted EBITDA, RME deconstructs the period-over-period variance in gross profit dollars into 
the following components: 

  Sales volume variance – quantifies the impact on gross profit dollars arising from the change in consolidated sales 

volume for the period, holding overall gross margin flat. 

  Sales  price  variance  –  quantifies  the  impact  on  gross  profit  of  period-over-period  changes  in  gross  margin 
percentages.  RME quantifies this impact at a revenue stream level with our revenue streams consisting of sales of 
new equipment, used equipment, parts and service.  The sum of these variances constitutes our sales price variance.  
RME notes that the impact of the period-over-period change in OEM incentives is presented separately (see below) 
and is therefore excluded from sales price variance.  

  Change  in  sales  mix  –  our  revenue  streams  generate  differing  profit  margins,  with  product  support  activities 
generating comparatively higher margins than equipment sales.  The change in sales mix quantifies the impact of 
shifts in the relative contributions of our various revenue streams to our overall reported sales for a period.  RME 
notes that this metric captures only shifts between revenue streams and does not capture the impact of mix within a 
revenue stream. 

  OEM incentives recognized – quantifies the impact on gross profit dollars of the period-over-period change in OEM 

incentives recognized. 

 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
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DEALERSHIPS

Q4 2017 vs. Q4 2016 

8 

Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 increased 56.0% or $4.6 million to $12.8 million compared with 
$8.2 million for the same period in 2016 due to an increase in gross profit and reduced finance costs associated with RME’s 
floor plan facilities.  The change in fourth quarter Adjusted EBITDA from 2016 to 2017 can be reconciled as follows: 

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

M

$14

$12

$10

$8

$6

$4

$2

$0

Reconciliation of Fourth Quarter Adjusted EBITDA 2016 - 2017 

Gross Profit $ 

$0.0 

$0.5 

$1.3 

$1.5 

$1.5 

$2.7 

$8.2 

$12.8 

Adj. EBITDA Q4 2017

Plus

Minus

Adj. EBITDA Q4 2016

Invisible

YTD 2017 vs. YTD 2016 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Adjusted EBITDA increased 27.0% or $8.5 million to $40.2 million compared with 
$31.6 million in 2016 due to increased gross profit and reduced finance costs associated with RME’s floor plan facilities.  The 
change in annual Adjusted EBITDA from 2016 to 2017 can be reconciled as follows:  

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

M

$45

$40

$35

$30

$25

$20

$4.1 

$31.6 

Reconciliation of Annual Adjusted EBITDA 2016 - 2017 

Gross Profit $
$0.3 

$2.7 

$0.5 

$0.1 

$2.4 

$40.2 

Adj. EBITDA  2017

Plus

Minus

Adj. EBITDA  2016

Invisible

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS  

9 

$ thousands, except per share 

amounts 

Sales 
Gross profit 
Gross margin 

Q4 
2017 

Q3 
2017 

Q2 
2017 

Q1 
2017 

Q4  
2016 

Q3  
2016 

Q2  
2016 

Q1  
2016 

Q4  
2015 

273,389 
38,213 
14.0% 

238,884 
38,832 
16.3% 

237,156 
35,611 
15.0% 

209,926 
26,773 
12.8% 

285,749 
34,116 
11.9% 

222,647 
36,861 
16.6% 

232,575 
34,147 
14.7% 

189,464 
28,283 
14.9% 

285,587 
37,538 
13.1% 

SG&A 
Other expense (income) 
Finance costs 
Income taxes 
Net earnings  
Diluted earnings per share 

27,275 
(3,131) 
2,799 
3,099 
8,171 
0.42 

24,560 
(1,308) 
3,105 
3,408 
9,067 
0.47 

24,743 
923 
3,026 
2,069 
4,850 
0.25 

23,194 
(421) 
2,991 
198 
811 
0.04 

25,205 
(605) 
3,346 
1,466 
4,704 
0.24 

23,855 
(236) 
3,700 
2,910 
6,632 
0.34 

24,693 
762 
3,751 
1,575 
3,366 
0.17 

24,217 
252 
3,546 
4 
264 
0.01 

27,175 
274 
3,813 
1,696 
4,580 
0.24 

Seasonal revenue cycles are common in the agriculture industry as a result of weather conditions, the timing of crop receipts 
and farming cycles and the timing of equipment deliveries from manufacturers.  As a result, our financial results may vary 
between quarters.  The first quarter is generally the weakest due to the lack of agriculture activity and winter shutdowns.  
Seeding activity typically commences between the latter part of the first quarter and the beginning of the second quarter.  
Harvest generally begins towards the middle of the third quarter, and continues through into the fourth quarter.  Fourth quarter 
sales activity also includes post-harvest purchases that are typical in the agriculture sector. 

Weather  conditions  including  a  prolonged  winter,  excess  moisture  or  drought,  may  shift  the  timing  of  farming  activities 
between  fiscal  periods,  impacting  sales  activity  and  profitability  as  a  consequence.    While  weather  continues  to  have  a 
significant influence on overall demand, advances made in farming practices, seed technology and application techniques, 
have helped to mitigate this exposure to some extent and reinforce the agriculture industry fundamentals. 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION – SUMMARY  

$ thousands 

Assets 

Inventory        
Other current assets        
Total current assets 

Property and equipment 
Deferred tax asset 
Derivative financial assets 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Total assets 

Liabilities and equity 

Floor plan payable 
Other current liabilities 

Total current liabilities 

Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Deferred tax liability 
Derivative financial liabilities 

Total liabilities 
Shareholders’ equity 
Total liabilities and equity 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

December 31, 
2015 

471,573 
62,159 
533,732 

42,229 
- 
4,109 
343 
18,776 
599,189 

305,342 
61,633 
366,975 

30,919 
75 
652 
464 
399,085 
200,104 
599,189 

442,742 
65,532 
508,274 

48,586 
1,210 
578 
507 
18,776 
577,931 

296,061 
61,519 
357,580 

40,778 
521 
- 
1,871 
400,750 
177,181 
577,931 

499,760 
63,824 
563,584 

39,888 
2,367 
- 
671 
18,802 
625,312 

356,568 
53,893 
410,461 

40,080 
154 
- 
4,859 
455,554 
169,758 
625,312 

RME’s asset base is comprised predominantly of inventory.  In recent years, RME’s focus has been to reduce the size and 
increase the efficiency of our investment in inventory, realigning with the market conditions that prevailed during the low-end 
of the agriculture equipment demand cycle.  Through targeted sales efforts as well as disciplined procurement, including 
presale  orders,  our  mandate  going  forward  will  be  to  maintain  an  inventory  balance  and  profile  which  is  conducive  to 
continued improvement in inventory turns.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

10 

In measuring inventory turns, RME calculates average inventory as a simple average of five quarterly observations including 
opening and ending balances for the period as well as the three intervening quarter-end balances.  Inventory turns and days 
in inventory for the trailing twelve-month periods ended December 31, are as follows:  

$ thousands, except turns and days 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

December 31, 
2015 

Inventory expensed through cost of sales – trailing 12 months 
Average total inventory – trailing 12 months (quarterly observations)  
Inventory turns 
Days in inventory 

807,019 
448,063 
1.80 
203 

782,802 
478,468 
1.64 
223 

819,064 
516,732 
1.59 
230 

RME’s inventory profile, consists primarily of new and used agriculture equipment.  RME has a diverse customer base for 
its equipment and strives to carry an appropriate mix of both new and used equipment to best serve our customers.  Typically, 
our customers trade their used equipment in when making equipment purchases.  RME finances its investment in inventory 
through various floor plan facilities.  RME is under no obligation to finance any of its equipment inventory and can typically 
pay-down and redraw on these facilities to generate or make use of available cash.  

The composition of RME’s equipment inventory and associated floor plan payables can be summarized as follows: 

$ thousands 

New equipment 
Used equipment       
Total equipment inventory 

Floor plan payable 
Inventory leverage ratio 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

December 31, 
2015 

115,928 
314,994 
430,922 

305,342 
70.9% 

113,517 
289,485 
403,002 

296,061 
73.5% 

172,335 
287,784 
460,119 

356,568 
77.5% 

As anticipated, RME’s inventory increased during the fourth quarter of 2017, due to a combination of trades taken on fourth 
quarter  new  equipment  deliveries  and  restocking  in  preparation  for  the  coming  sales  season.    Despite  our  $28.8  million 
investment in inventory during 2017, a year-over-year increase of 6.5%, we continued to reduce our inventory leverage ratio, 
limiting the increase in floor plan payable to $9.3 million, or 3.1% year-over-year.  As at December 31, 2017, our inventory 
leverage ratio was 70.9%, down from 73.5% at December 31, 2016 and constituting a third consecutive year of decline.  

The decline in our inventory leverage, to the extent such leverage is interest-bearing, provides carrying cost relief in the form 
of reduced finance costs associated with short term debt, a key contributor to the improvement in net earnings during 2017. 

Total non-current financial liabilities as at December 31, 2017 amounted to $31.5 million (2016 – $43.2 million, 2015 – $45.1 
million). 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

We assess liquidity in terms of our ability to generate sufficient cash flow, along with other sources of liquidity including cash 
and borrowings, to fund our operations and growth in operations.  Net cash flow is affected by the following items: 

  Operating activities, including, the levels of accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and floor plan payable; 
  Financing activities, including bank credit facilities, long-term debt, distributions to shareholders and other capital market 

 

activities; and, 
Investing  activities,  including  capital  expenditures,  dispositions  of  fixed  assets  and  acquisitions  of  complementary 
businesses. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
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Summary of Cash Inflows (Outflows) 

$ thousands 

Net earnings  
Effect of non-cash items in net earnings and changes in working capital 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Net (decrease) increase in cash 
Cash, beginning of period 
Cash, end of period 

11 

2017 

2016 

2015 

22,899 
(15,944) 
6,955 
(13,985) 
(1,415) 
(8,445) 
28,542 
20,097 

14,966 
12,197 
27,163 
(6,694) 
(8,617) 
11,852 
16,690 
28,542 

11,293 
24,167 
35,460 
(12,788) 
(28,934) 
(6,262) 
22,952 
16,690 

Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan (1) 

(720) 

87,626 

92,193 

 (1) – See further discussion in “Non-IFRS Measures” and “Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections below. 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

RME assesses its Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan in analyzing its cash flows from operating activities.  
See the definition and reconciliation of Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan in the “Non-IFRS Measures” and 
“Reconciliation of Non-IFRS Measures to IFRS” sections below. 

RME is eligible to finance its equipment inventory using its various floor plan facilities.  Floor plan facilities are asset-backed 
lending arrangements whereby each draw is associated with a specific piece of equipment.  RME is under no obligation to 
finance  any  of  its  equipment  inventory  and,  as  a  general  rule,  financed  units  can  be  paid  out  for  a  period  of  time  and 
refinanced at a later date.  Adjusting cash flows from operating activities for changes in the balance of floor plan payable 
allows  management  to  isolate  and  analyze  cash  flows  from  operating  activities,  prior  to  any  sources  or  uses  of  cash 
associated with equipment financing decisions.   

Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan for the year ended December 31, 2017 was an outflow of $0.7 million 
compared to an inflow of $87.6 million during 2016.  This change reflects a considerable downsizing of our inventory in the 
comparative period, and the cash generated therefrom, as well as a net investment in inventory during 2017. 

Cash flows from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 declined by $20.2 million compared to the same 
period  in  2016.    Despite  our  $28.8  million  investment  in  inventory  during  2017,  a  year-over-year  increase  of  6.5%,  we 
continued to reduce our inventory leverage ratio, holding the increase in floor plan payable to $9.3 million, or 3.1% year-
over-year.  As at December 31, 2017, our inventory leverage ratio was 70.9%, down from 73.5% at December 31, 2016 and 
constituting a third consecutive year of decline.  

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 

Cash flows from financing activities pertained primarily to debt and dividend payments as well as net proceeds associated 
with the financing of real estate assets.   

During the year ended December 31, 2017, cash outflows from financing activities increased by $7.3 million over the same 
period in 2016.  In addition to our scheduled principal repayment, RME applied $4.0 million of proceeds received on the 
disposition of a parcel of vacant land, which had been classified as held for sale, to its outstanding debt obligation under the 
Term Facility.  This payment was offset by $6.1 million of cash received on the exercise of employee stock options.  Cash 
outflows  for  financing  activities  during  2016  were  offset  by  a  $7.8  million  draw  on  our  Term  Facility  associated  with  the 
construction of our new branch in Yorkton, Saskatchewan.   

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 

Cash  flows  from  investing  activities  is  comprised  of  maintenance  capital  spend,  facility  construction  expenditures  and 
consideration paid for the acquisition of complementary businesses, offset by any proceeds received on the disposition of 
such assets.  The net cash outflow associated with investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by 
$7.2 million compared to the same period last year.  This decrease is attributable to facility construction costs incurred during 
2016 absent from 2017.  RME also disposed of a parcel of vacant land during 2017, resulting in a year-over-year increase 
in proceeds received on the disposition of property and equipment while offsetting our capital spend for the year.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN 
DEALERSHIPS

ADEQUACY OF CAPITAL RESOURCES 

12 

We use operating cash flows to finance the purchase of inventory, service our debt requirements, pay dividends, and fund 
our operating activities, including working capital, both operating and finance leases and floor plan payable.  Our ability to 
service our debt and distribute dividends to shareholders will depend upon our ability to generate cash, which depends on 
our future operating performance, general economic conditions, availability of adequate credit facilities, compliance with debt 
covenants, as well as other factors, some of which are beyond our control.  Based on our current operational performance, 
we believe that cash flows from operations, along with existing credit facilities, will provide for our capital needs. 

Finance Facilities 

RME has a credit facility with a syndicate of lenders (the “Syndicated Facility”).  The Syndicated Facility is a revolving facility, 
secured in favour of the syndicate by a general security agreement.  Advances under the Syndicated Facility may be made 
based on our lenders’ prime rate or the U.S. base rate plus 1.0% – 2.5% or based on the banker’s acceptance (“BA”) rate 
plus 2.0% – 3.5%.  RME pays standby fees of between 0.4% – 0.7% per annum on any undrawn portion of the Syndicated 
Facility.  The standby fees and premiums on base interest rates within the respective ranges are determined based on RME’s 
ratio  of  debt  to  tangible  net  worth.    During  2017,  the  Syndicated  Facility  was  amended,  extending  the  maturity  date  to 
September 24, 2020. 

The Syndicated Facility consists of: 

  The “Operating Facility” – which may be utilized to advance up to the lesser of the established borrowing base and 
$60.0  million.    The  borrowing  base  is  supported  by  otherwise  unencumbered  assets  including  certain  accounts 
receivable,  inventory  and  items  of  property  and  equipment,  less  priority  payables.    This  facility  may  be  used  to 
finance general corporate operating requirements.   

  The “Flooring Facility” – which may be utilized to finance up to 75% of the value of eligible equipment inventory to a 
maximum of $125.0 million.  Draws against the Flooring Facility are repayable over a term of 28 months, however, 
they become due in full upon the sale of the associated equipment. 

  The “Term Facility” – which may be utilized to finance up to 60% of the cost of acquisitions and 75% of the cost of 
real estate assets to a maximum of $75.0 million.  Draws are repayable in quarterly installments with acquisition and 
real estate related draws amortized over periods of 7 and 15 years, respectively. 

Including  the  syndicated  Flooring  Facility,  we  have  total  floor  plan  facilities  of  approximately  $558.6  million  (inclusive  of 
seasonal increases) from various lending institutions for the purpose of financing equipment inventory.  These facilities are 
made available to RME by the equipment manufacturers’ captive finance companies or divisions (such as CNH Industrial 
Capital Canada Ltd.), as well as by banks and specialty lenders.   

In addition to our available cash balance of $20.1 million as at December 31, 2017, we have $350.5 million available on our 
various credit facilities. 

$ millions 

Facility limit 

Amount drawn 

Available 

Operating Facility 
Term Facility 
Various floor plan facilities 
OEM floor plan facilities 
Syndicated Flooring Facility 
Other floor plan facilities 

Total 

60.0 
75.0 

205.0 
125.0 
228.6 
693.6 

- 
37.2 

115.3 
63.5 
127.1 
343.1 

60.0 
37.8 

89.7 
61.5 
101.5 
350.5 

In addition to the facility limits, the availability of funds under these credit facilities is limited or otherwise constrained by the 
adequacy of the underlying assets available to securitize a proposed draw and by customary negative covenants.  These 
restrictions are not expected to affect RME’s access to required capital in the foreseeable future.  The existing credit facilities 
are considered sufficient and appropriate for RME’s capital requirements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Financial Covenants 

13 

Pursuant to agreements with lenders, RME is required to monitor and report compliance with certain financial ratios on a 
quarterly basis.  Each lender defines its own calculation of these measures.  Detailed descriptions of covenant calculations 
are available within RME’s various material credit agreements filed on Sedar at www.sedar.com.  These financial covenants 
are summarized as follows: 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Threshold 

Result 

Threshold 

Result 

Fixed charge coverage ratio 

Assesses  the  ability  to  cover  fixed  charges  by 
expressing  free-cash  flows  generated  as  a  ratio  of 
committed obligations on a trailing 12-month basis. 

Debt to tangible net worth 

Assesses  solvency  by  expressing  debt  as  a  ratio  of 
tangible net assets. 

Current ratio 

Assesses liquidity by expressing current assets as a 
ratio of current liabilities. 

≥ 1.15 
≥ 1.20 

≤ 4.00 
≤ 5.00 

2.21 
1.67 

2.21 
1.83 

≥ 1.15 
≥ 1.20 

≤ 4.00 
≤ 5.00 

1.79 
1.46 

2.54 
2.06 

≥ 1.20 

1.48 

≥ 1.20 

1.46 

Historically, RME was also required to maintain a current ratio of at least 1.15:1.00.  This covenant is no longer required 
under the applicable credit agreement.  As at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, RME was in compliance with all 
externally imposed capital requirements.   

RME’s continued compliance with its financial covenants is dependent on various factors which influence our financial results 
including,  but  not  limited  to,  overall  demand  for  our  products  and  services  and  the  timing  of  that  demand  influenced  by 
weather and other factors.  In the event that our financial results or position deteriorate, there is a risk that we may fail to 
comply with our financial covenants, most notably, our fixed charge coverage ratios. 

Failing to meet these covenants would constitute a default event which may result in, among other restrictions and remedies, 
the associated debt becoming due and restrictions being placed on RME’s ability to draw on its facilities or make distributions 
to shareholders.  

Derivative Financial Instruments 

RME  utilizes  derivative  financial  instruments  to  hedge  its  exposure  to  changes  in  interest  rates  and  fluctuations  in  the 
valuation of its common shares.  We do not use derivatives to speculate, but rather as a risk management tool.  RME’s 
portfolio of derivative financial instruments consists of interest rate and total return swaps. 

Gains recognized on derivative financial instruments are as follows: 

$ thousands 

Recognized in net earnings   
Recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss – net of tax  
Recognized in deferred tax position 

Interest Rate Swaps 

2017 

2016 

4,578 
2,852 
1,055 

4,751 
1,238 
458 

RME has several interest rate swaps related to portions of its Term Facility and various floor plan facilities (collectively, the 
“Hedged Facilities”).  

The Hedged Facilities each bear interest at a floating rate based on the prevailing BA rate.  The interest rate swaps hedge 
our exposure to fluctuations in the BA rate.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, RME’s Term Facility #1 interest rate 
swap matured and was replaced with a new floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with an initial notional amount of $33.3 million, 
amortizing to $3.4 million evenly over 24 quarters (the “Term Facility #2” swap). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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RME’s hedged and at risk positions are summarized as follows: 

14 

Maturity 

Type 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Effective 
rate 

Amount 
($ thousands) 

Effective 
Rate 

Amount 
($ thousands) 

Hedged position 
Current debt 

Floor plan facility #1 
Floor plan facility #2 
Floor plan facility #3 

August, 2018 
September, 2020 
September, 2022 

Non-amortizing 
Non-amortizing 
Non-amortizing 

Long-term debt 

Term Facility #1 
Term Facility #2 

Total 

April, 2017 
April, 2023 

Amortizing 
Amortizing 

Position at risk – floating-rate debt 

Position hedged 

4.2% 
5.1% 
5.4% 
5.0% 

- 
3.5% 
3.5% 
4.7% 

25,000 
35,000 
50,000 
110,000 

- 
30,671 
30,671 
140,671 

229,754 

61.2% 

4.2% 
5.1% 
5.4% 
5.0% 

4.1% 
- 
4.1% 
4.9% 

25,000 
35,000 
50,000 
110,000 

19,250 
- 
19,250 
129,250 

247,783 

52.2% 

The interest rate swaps are accounted for using hedge accounting.  If we sell or terminate a hedged item, or it matures 
before the related hedging instrument is terminated, we recognize in income any unrealized gain or loss on the derivative 
instrument.  In accounting for these cash flow hedges, changes in fair value of the swaps are included in the consolidated 
statement  of  other  comprehensive  income  to  the  extent  the  hedge  continues  to  be  effective.    The  related  other 
comprehensive amounts are allocated to net earnings in the same period in which the hedged item affects net earnings.  To 
the extent that changes in the fair value of these derivatives are not completely offset by changes in the fair value of the 
hedged items, the ineffective portions of the hedging relationships are recorded immediately in net earnings.   

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized in net earnings, a mark-to-market gain of $0.1 million on our interest 
rate swaps (2016 – gain of $0.3 million).  

Total Return Swaps 

RME has several total return swap arrangements to hedge the exposure associated with increases in its share price on its 
outstanding Director Share Units (“DSUs”) and Share Appreciation Rights (“SARs”).  If not renewed or unwound by RME, 
these arrangements mature between July 2018 and April 2019.  It is RME’s intention to maintain a hedged position which 
approximately matches the quantity of, and terms associated with, the DSUs and SARs.  The hedging relationship with the 
SARs is ineffective to the extent that RME’s share price falls below the strike price of the SARs.   

During the vesting period, the accounting treatment of the SARs creates an inherent discrepancy from the total return swaps 
in terms of the timing of the impact on net earnings.  Changes in RME’s share price are factored into the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of the SARs at each reporting date.  Each period, an expense 
(recovery) is recognized in net earnings such that the life-to-date expense associated with the SARs reflects the proportion 
of the estimated fair value earned by the holder between issuance and the reporting date.  The value of the SARs is deemed 
earned by the holder evenly throughout the vesting period and is considered fully earned upon vesting.  Once vested, the 
SARs will also be marked-to-market at each reporting date, eliminating the timing discrepancy.  

RME does not apply hedge accounting to these relationships and as such, gains and losses arising from marking these 
derivatives to market are recognized in net earnings in the period in which they arise.  For the year ended December 31, 
2017, we recognized an unrealized mark-to-market gain of $4.5 million (2016 – gain of $4.5 million). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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RME’s hedged and at risk positions are summarized as follows: 

In thousands of shares/units except per share amounts  

Hedged position: 

DSUs 
SARs 

Total 

Position at risk: 

DSUs 
SARs 

Total 

Position hedged 

15 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Weighted 
average 
price/share  
$ 

Shares/ 
units 

Weighted 
average 
price/share  
$ 

Shares/  
units 

10.54 
9.23 
9.34 

100 
1,070 
1,170 

60 
599 
659 

10.54 
9.21 
9.31 

100 
1,170 
1,270 

71 
1,057 
1,128 

177.5% 

112.6% 

During late 2017, several SARs were exercised which caused the hedged position to significantly exceed the position at risk.  
Subsequent to year end, RME has unwound a portion of its hedged position to realign with the position at risk.  

Dividends 

On February 7, 2018, RME’s Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a quarterly dividend of $0.115 per common share 
on its outstanding common shares.  The common share dividend is payable on March 30, 2018, to shareholders of record 
at the close of business on February 28, 2018.  

This dividend is designated by RME to be an “eligible dividend” for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and any 
similar provincial or territorial legislation.  An enhanced dividend tax credit applies to “eligible dividends” paid to Canadian 
residents.  Please consult with your own tax advisor for advice with respect to the income tax consequences to you from 
RME designating its dividends as “eligible dividends.”  Investors are cautioned that quarterly dividends remain subject to 
approval by RME’s Board, and that the Board may, at any time, increase, decrease or suspend payment of the dividend. 

SHARE CAPITAL – OUTSTANDING SHARES 

Changes in the number of issued and outstanding common shares during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 
are as follows:  

$ thousands 

Opening balance 
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options  
Closing balance 

2017 

2016 

19,384 
493 
19,877 

19,384 
- 
19,384 

As at March 13, 2018, there were 19,883,586 common shares outstanding.   

RME has a stock option plan under which the Board may grant options to directors, officers, and employees of RME at an 
exercise price equal to the market price of RME’s common shares at the time of the grant.  The plan limits the number of 
options issuable to a maximum of 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares from time to time.  Options granted 
carry neither voting rights nor rights to dividends. 

The general terms of stock options granted under the plan include a maximum exercise period of five years and a vesting 
period of three years with one-third of the grant vesting on each of the first three anniversary dates following the date of 
grant.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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16 

Options outstanding at December 31, 2017 are as follows: 

Grant date 

Options outstanding 
(thousands) 

Options exercisable 
(thousands) 

Weighted average 
exercise price 
($) 

Weighted average 
contractual life 
(years) 

March 13, 2013 
March 13, 2014 
Total 

24 
149 
173 

24 
149 
173 

12.89 
11.52 
11.71 

0.2 
1.2 
1.1 

As at March 13, 2018, there were 162,500 options outstanding.  

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

RME’s contractual obligations consist primarily of its floor plan payable used to finance the purchase of new, and to a lesser 
extent, used equipment.  RME has classified its floor plan payable as current as the corresponding inventory to which it 
relates has also been classified as current.   

Floor plan payable accounts for the majority of RME’s contractual obligations which will be discharged within the next 12 
months.  In addition to certain curtailment requirements, draws on our floor plan facilities become due upon the sale of the 
underlying piece of equipment inventory. 

Other significant contractual obligations outstanding as at December 31, 2017, include trade payables, accruals and other, 
long-term  debt  consisting  predominantly  of  the  Term  Facility  and  operating  lease  commitments  which  relate  primarily  to 
RME’s  facilities.    Lease  terms  are  between  one  and  eleven  years  and  most  building  leases  contain  renewal  options  for 
periods ranging from three to five years. 

RME assesses its liquidity based on the period in which cash flows are expected to occur.  The following table summarizes 
RME’s expected undiscounted cash flows for obligations existing at December 31, 2017, assuming the Syndicated Facility 
is renewed prior to maturity on September 24, 2020.  The analysis is based on foreign exchange rates and interest rates in 
effect at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position, and includes both principal and interest cash flows. 

$ thousands 

Total 

2018 

2019-2020 

2021-2022 

Thereafter 

Trade payables, accruals and other 
Floor plan payable 
Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases 
Operating lease obligations 
Derivative financial liabilities 
Total contractual obligations 

46,748 
314,968 
41,564 
529 
35,506 
1,079 
440,394 

46,748 
314,968 
7,376 
453 
7,925 
570 
378,040 

- 
- 
14,107 
76 
12,687 
509 
27,379 

- 
- 
13,267 
- 
9,320 
- 
22,587 

- 
- 
6,814 
- 
5,574 
- 
12,388 

In the event that the Syndicated Facility is not renewed prior to its maturity, the cash outflow for long-term debt outstanding 
as at December 31, 2017, would be $32.5 million in 2019-2020 and $Nil in all subsequent periods. 

RME is also subject to various degrees of recourse, arising in the ordinary course of business, by assisting its customers in 
financing the purchase or rental of equipment.  RME is exposed to potential losses arising from the difference between the 
assessed value of the underlying security and the amounts guaranteed by RME.  Any resulting losses are recorded as soon 
as the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.  As the assessed value of the underlying security generally exceeds 
the amount guaranteed by RME, management believes that the net exposure is not significant.  As at December 31, 2017, 
gross recourse amounted to $1.3 million (2016 – $2.1 million), prior to any consideration of the value associated with the 
securitized  assets.    As  at  December  31,  2017,  RME  has  accrued  $0.3  million  (December  31,  2016  –  $0.7  million)  for 
anticipated losses.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

During the years ended December 31, RME entered into the following transactions with related parties: 

17 

$ thousands 

Equipment and product support sales 

Expenditures 

Rental payments on RME facilities 
Equipment purchases 
Flight costs  
Contributions(1) 
Other expenses 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

2,683 

514 

5,987 
1,278 
55 
57 
42 

5,832 
271 
74 
157 
33 

(1) – Contributions are comprised of payments to Ag for Life and the Alberta Prosperity Fund. 

During 2017, RME settled the remaining lease obligation associated with a vacated industrial facility which was leased from 
a related party for total consideration of $0.5 million.  During 2017, RME also received $0.4 million in lease inducements 
from a related party as part of a new leasehold agreement.  Both of these amounts have been presented above within “Rental 
payments on RME facilities”. 

All related parties are either directly or indirectly owned by a member of senior management or director of RME and/or a 
close  family  member  thereof.    These  transactions  were  made  on  terms  equivalent  to  those  that  prevail  in  arm’s  length 
transactions and are made only if such terms can be substantiated.   

The remuneration of the directors and officers of RME was determined for the years presented by the Compensation and 
Human  Resources  Committee  (formerly,  the  Compensation,  Governance  and  Nominating  Committee)  of  the  Board  of 
Directors, based on performance and is consistent with market trends.  The remuneration of directors and officers of RME 
identified as key management is as follows for the respective years ended December 31: 

$ thousands 

Salary and short-term benefits 
Post-retirement benefits 
Share-based compensation 
Total 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

3,054 
35 
2,973 
6,062 

2,754 
25 
1,115 
3,894 

Key management personnel consists of RME’s President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and members 
of its Board of Directors.  Key management personnel for 2017 also includes RME’s Chief Sales and Operations Officer, 
who was appointed during the year.  As at December 31, 2017, there is a $2.0 million commitment (2016 – $1.5 million) 
relating to the termination of employment of the key management personnel.   

Amounts due from (to) related parties are included in the consolidated statement of financial position under trade receivables 
and other (trade payables, accruals and other) and are as follows: 

$ thousands 

Due from related parties 
Due to related parties 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

27 
(1,087) 

45 
(766) 

The amounts due from related parties are not secured and are to be settled in cash.  As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, 
the amounts due from related parties are considered collectible and, therefore, have not been provided for in the allowance 
for doubtful accounts.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, $Nil has been recognized in bad debt expenses with 
respect to related party transactions (2016 – $Nil). 

RME has contractual obligations to related parties in the form of facility leases.  As at December 31, 2017, these contractual 
obligations and due dates, are as follows: 

$ thousands 

Total 

2018 

2019-2020 

2021-2022 

Thereafter 

Operating lease obligations 

31,663 

5,777 

11,011 

9,320 

5,555 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS  

18 

We use off-balance sheet financing in connection with numerous operating leases.  These leases relate to RME’s buildings 
and certain operating assets with lease terms of up to 11 years.  Most building leases contain renewal options for periods of 
3 to 5 years.  We have paid monthly amounts under these operating leases of up to $67.3 thousand.  In some instances, the 
counterparty to RME’s operating lease obligations is a related party.  Refer to the “Related Party Transactions” section of 
this  MD&A  for  a  discussion  of  the  terms  and  amounts  of  such  arrangements.   The  range  of  expiry  dates  on  the  current 
operating leases extend until July 2027.   

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires that certain estimates and judgments be made with respect 
to the reported amounts of sales and expenses and the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities.  These estimates are 
based  on  historical  experience  and  management’s  judgment.    Anticipating  future  events  involves  uncertainty  and 
consequently, the estimates used by management in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements may change 
as future events unfold, additional information is acquired or RME’s operating environment changes.  Management considers 
the following items to be the most significant of these estimates: 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed by management on a monthly basis.  Accounts receivable are considered 
for impairment on a case-by-case basis when they are past due or when objective evidence is received that a customer will 
default.    RME  takes  into  consideration  the  customer’s  payment  history,  their  creditworthiness  and  the  current  economic 
environment in which the customer operates to assess impairment.  RME’s historical bad debt expenses have not been 
significant  and  are  usually  limited  to  specific  customer  circumstances.    Bad  debt  expenses  are  reported  within  SG&A 
expenses. 

Inventory Valuation 

Equipment is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on a specific item, actual cost 
basis, and net realizable value being determined by the recent sales of the same or similar equipment inventory or market 
values as established by industry publications, less the costs to sell.  Value is assigned to equipment inventory acquired 
through trade-in by using recent sales of the same or similar equipment inventory or market values as established by industry 
publications.  Parts inventory is recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost being determined on an 
average cost basis and net realizable value being determined by recent sales of the same or similar parts inventory, less the 
costs to sell.  Work-in-progress is valued on a specific item, actual cost basis.  Impairment losses and reversals of impairment 
losses are recorded within cost of sales. 

Timing of Revenue Recognition 

Revenue from the sale of goods including new and used equipment and parts is recognized when all the following conditions 
are satisfied: 

  RME has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods; 
  RME retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective 

control over the goods sold; 
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to RME; and 
the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.  

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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Depreciation Periods and Methods 

19 

Each part of an item of property and equipment with a useful life that is significantly different from the useful lives of other 
parts is depreciated separately.   

Items of property and equipment are depreciated commencing on the date they are ready for use using the following methods 
and rates: 

Land 
Buildings 
Computer equipment  
Furniture and fixtures 
Leasehold improvements 
Shop tools and equipment 
Vehicles 

Not depreciated 
Straight-line over 20 years 
Straight-line over 3 – 6 years 
Straight-line over 5 – 10 years 
Straight-line over the lesser of the lease term (including renewals) and useful life 
Straight-line over 3 – 10 years 
Straight-line over 3 – 5 years 

Net Recoverable Amount of Goodwill 

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to a cash-generating unit (“CGU”).  The recoverable amount of 
a  CGU  is  determined  using  a  value  in  use  calculation.    The  key  assumptions  for  the  value  in  use  calculation  are  those 
regarding discount and growth rates.  These key assumptions are based on past experience, which has been adjusted for 
anticipated changes in future periods. 

As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, RME prepared cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial plans prepared 
by management and extrapolated these cash flows into perpetuity using growth assumptions relevant to the business sector.  
The growth rate used for the purposes of these analyses was 2.0%. 

As at December 31, 2017, the rate used to discount the forecasted cash flows was 12.3% (2016 – 10.3%), and represents 
RME’s estimate of the pre-tax discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 
specific  to  the  particular  CGU.    The  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  to which  goodwill  has  been  allocated  exceeded  its 
carrying value at the impairment test dates. 

RME has conducted a sensitivity analysis based on possible changes in the key assumptions used for the impairment tests.  
Had  the  estimated  cost  of  capital  used  in  determining  the  pre-tax  discount  rates  been  4.6%  (2016  –  7.3%)  higher  than 
management’s  estimates  or  had  the  estimated  growth  rate  used  in  extrapolating  forecasted  results  been  8.5%  (2016  – 
14.5%) lower than management's estimates, the recoverable amount of the CGU would equal its carrying amount for the 
respective  periods.    Any  additional  negative  change  in  the  assumption  would  cause  goodwill  to  be  impaired  with  such 
impairment loss recognized in net earnings. 

Derivative Financial Instruments 

RME  utilizes  floating-to-fixed  interest  rate  swaps  to  manage  its  interest  rate  exposure.    These  derivatives  are  initially 
recognized on the date the contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair values.  The fair values of 
the interest rate swaps are calculated as the net present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise on the 
variable  and  fixed  legs,  determined  using  applicable  yield  curves  at  each  measurement  date.    Swap  curves,  which 
incorporate credit spreads applicable to large commercial banks, are typically used to calculate expected future cash flows 
and  the  present  values  thereof.    Adjustments  are  also  made  to  reflect  RME’s  own  credit  risk  and  the  credit  risk  of  the 
counterparty, if different from the spread implicit in the swap curve. 

RME also has several total return swap arrangements to hedge the exposure associated with increases in its share price on 
its outstanding DSUs and SARs.  These derivatives accrue to RME, any gains (losses) associated with changes in the value 
of its common shares as well as dividends paid on its hedged position, net of interest costs charged by the bank to build and 
hold their positions.  These derivatives are initially recognized on the date the contract is entered into and are subsequently 
re-measured at their fair values.  The fair values are calculated as the net present value of estimated future cash flows.  

Business Combinations 

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed pursuant to business combinations are measured at their acquisition date fair values.  
Where  appropriate,  management  bases  its  fair  value  estimates  on  observable  third  party  data  as  reported  by  sources 
deemed both reputable and qualified.  In the case of inventory acquired, management estimates the value in the manner 
discussed within the “Net Realizable Value of Inventory” section above. 

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the acquisition-date fair value of the 
net identifiable assets acquired.   

 
 
 
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20 

The purchase price allocation is subject to change throughout the duration of the measurement period.  The measurement 
period is the period from the date of acquisition, to the date RME obtains complete information about facts and circumstances 
that existed as of the acquisition date and is subject to a maximum of one year. 

Impairment of Assets Other than Goodwill 

At the end of each reporting period, RME reviews the carrying amounts of its identifiable assets to determine whether there 
is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount 
of the assets is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if any.  Where it is not possible to estimate 
the  recoverable  amount  of  an  individual  asset,  RME  estimates  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  to  which  the  asset 
belongs.  Corporate assets are also allocated to a CGU on the basis of the distribution of assets deployed in the CGU.  A 
CGU is subject to impairment testing as described under the heading “Net Recoverable Amount of Goodwill”. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the assets (or CGU) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined net of amortization or depreciation had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset.  A 
reversal of impairment loss is recognized immediately in net earnings. 

Share-based Payments 

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of 
the equity instruments at the grant date.  RME follows the fair value based method of accounting, using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model, whereby compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period and is based on RME’s estimate 
of awards that will ultimately vest, with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus.   

Cash-settled share-based payments are recorded as liabilities and are measured initially at their fair values.  At the end of 
each reporting period and at the date of settlement, these liabilities are remeasured at fair value, with any changes recognized 
in net earnings for the period. 

Manufacturer Incentives 

Certain manufacturers offer annual performance incentives which are linked to RME’s market share achievement and annual 
settlement volumes.  RME uses estimated annual market share statistics derived from current and historical results which 
have  been  adjusted  for  any  anticipated  changes  in  the  current  year,  as  well  as  annual  settlement  volume  to  accrue 
manufacturer incentives earned during the year.  These programs are subject to change at the discretion of the OEM.  Annual 
performance incentives are recorded as a reduction to cost of sales.  A credit to our account for the annual performance 
incentive is typically received in the first quarter following year end. 

KEY FINANCIAL STATEMENT COMPONENTS 

Equipment Sales 

Equipment revenues are derived from the sale of new and used equipment.  Revenue is recognized when the customer has 
signed the sales agreement, has paid or is credit-approved, and title to and risk of loss for the piece of equipment have 
transferred.  Equipment sales also include rental and other ancillary revenues. 

Parts Sales  

Parts revenue is recognized when title to the product has transferred to the customer and collection is reasonably assured.  
This is evidenced by the goods being shipped or physically taken by the customer, or in the case of parts drawn to complete 
service work, when the service work order is completed.   

Service Revenue 

Revenue  from  service  is  recognized  by  reference  to  the  stage  of  completion  of  the  contract  when  the  outcome  can  be 
estimated reliably. 

Cost of Sales 

Cost of sales is the accumulation of the costs attributable to the sources of revenue set forth in the financial statements.  
Revenues are matched to cost of sales attributable to specific revenue sources.  The cost of equipment sales is determined 
based on the actual cost of the equipment.  The cost of parts sales is determined based on the average actual cost for those 
parts.  The cost of service revenues is determined based on actual costs to complete the service job, which include, without 
limitation, wages paid to service technicians and the actual cost of externally sourced labour, plus applicable overheads. 

 
 
 
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21 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses  

SG&A expenses include sales and marketing expenses, sales commissions, payroll, and related benefit costs, insurance 
expenses, professional fees, rent, and other facility costs and administrative overhead including depreciation of property and 
equipment.   

Finance Costs 

Finance costs include interest and other finance-related expense, including amortization of deferred finance costs.  These 
costs are primarily associated with the floor plan financing of our new and used equipment inventory.  Finance costs were 
also incurred on RME’s Operating and Term Facilities.  

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

New Standards and Amendments in Effect on January 1, 2017 

Amendment to IAS 7, ‘Statement of Cash Flows’ 

This amendment improves information provided to users of financial statements about changes in liabilities arising from the 
entity’s financing activities.  The adoption of this amendment had no material impact to RME’s financial statements. 

Amendment to IAS 12, ‘Income Taxes’ 

This amendment clarifies how to account for deferred tax assets related to debt instruments measured at fair value.  The 
adoption of this amendment had no material impact to RME’s financial statements. 

New Standards and Amendments not yet in Effect 

IFRS 15, ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ 

IFRS  15  provides  a  single,  comprehensive  revenue  recognition  model  for  all  contracts  with  customers  to  improve 
comparability within industries, across industries, and across capital markets.  The underlying principle is that an entity will 
recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled 
to in exchange for those goods or services.  This standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2018.  Management has performed its initial assessment of the new standard and does not believe there will be a material 
impact  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  other  than  additional  note  disclosure  and  the  presentation  of  a  contract 
liability for parts returns on the statement of financial position. 

IFRS 9, ‘Financial Instruments’ 

IFRS  9  retains  but  simplifies  the  mixed  measurement  model  and  establishes  two  primary  measurement  categories  for 
financial assets: amortized cost and fair value.  The basis of classification depends on the entity’s business model and the 
contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.  The guidance in IAS 39 on impairment of financial assets and 
hedge accounting continues to apply.  This standard is effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018.  
Management has performed its initial assessment of the new standard and does not believe there will be a material impact 
to the consolidated financial statements. 

Amendment to IFRS 7, ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures on Derecognition’ 

In conjunction with the transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, IFRS 7 will 
also be amended to require additional disclosure in the year of transition.  Management has performed its initial assessment 
of the amendment and does not believe there will be a material impact to the consolidated financial statements, other than 
additional note disclosure. 

IFRS 16, ‘Leases’ 

IFRS 16 replaces IAS 17 and requires most leases to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the statement of financial 
position.  This standard includes an optional exemption for certain short-term leases and leases of low-value assets and is 
effective for fiscal periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019.  Management is currently in the process of assessing this 
standard. 

 
 
 
 
 
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RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

22 

Risk factors faced by RME are listed in RME’s AIF under the heading "Risk Factors" and can be found on SEDAR.  These 
risk factors include industry risks associated with agriculture and industrial equipment dealerships and others, including but 
not  limited  to:  (i)  economic  conditions;  (ii)  weather  and  climate  conditions;  (iii)  commodity  prices;  (iv)  inventory  risk;  (v) 
reliance on key manufacturers; (vi) seasonality and cyclicality; (vii) import product restrictions and foreign trade risks; (viii) 
information systems and cybersecurity; (ix) interest rates; (x) government regulation; (xi) health, safety and environmental 
laws and regulation; (xii) nature of dealership agreements; (xiii) foreign exchange exposure; (xiv) competition; (xv) restrictions 
on and impediments to acquisitions; (xvi) industry oversupply; (xvii) labour relations; (xviii) credit facilities; (xix) consolidation 
within the equipment manufacturing industry; (xx) customer credit risks; (xxi) available floor plan financing; (xxii) unfavorable 
conditions in key geographic markets; (xxiii) non-exclusive nature of key geographic markets; (xxiv) continued ability to pay 
dividend; (xxv) indemnification and insurance; (xxvi) branch leases; (xxvii) key personnel; (xxviii) labour costs and shortages; 
(xxix)  changes  in  common  share  value;  (xxx)  product  liability  risks;  (xxxi)  issuance  of  additional  common  shares;  (xxxii) 
freight costs; (xxxiii) aviation risks; (xxxiv) future warranty claims; (xxxv) growth risks; (xxxvi) integration of acquisitions; and, 
(xxxvii) forward-looking information may prove inaccurate.  

Our  success  largely  depends  on  the  abilities  and  experience  of  our  senior  management  team  and  other  key  personnel.  
These employees carry a significant amount of the management responsibility of our business and are important for setting 
strategic direction and dealing with certain significant customers.  

Our future performance will also depend on our ability to attract, develop, and retain highly qualified employees in all areas 
of our business.  We face significant competition for individuals with the skills required to develop, market and support our 
products and services.  If we fail to recruit and retain sufficient numbers of these highly skilled employees, we may not be 
able to achieve our growth objectives and our business may be adversely affected. 

RISKS RELATED TO FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

Through  its  financial  instruments,  RME  has  exposure  to  the  following  risks:  credit  risk,  market  risk  (consisting  of  foreign 
currency exchange risk, interest rate risk and equity price risk), and liquidity risk.   

Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to RME.  
RME has a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as 
a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.  The creditworthiness of counterparties is determined using 
information supplied by independent rating agencies where available and, if not available, RME uses other publicly available 
financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers.  RME’s exposure and the credit ratings of its 
counterparties are continuously monitored and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved 
counterparties.  Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed regularly.   

RME’s exposure to credit risk on its cash balance and derivative financial assets is mitigated as these financial assets are 
held with major financial institutions with strong credit ratings.   

During 2017, RME recognized a $0.1 million recovery of bad debts (2016 – recovery of $0.1 million).  Bad debt expense 
(recovery) is recognized within SG&A expenses. 

 
 
 
 
 
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Market Risk 

23 

Market risk is the risk from changes in market prices, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and 
the market price of RME’s common shares, which will affect RME’s earnings as well as the value of the financial instruments 
held and cash-settled share-based instruments outstanding. 

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk 

The  OEMs  we  do  business  with  are  geographically  diversified,  requiring  us  to  conduct  business  in  two  currencies:  U.S. 
dollars  and  Canadian  dollars.    As  a  result,  we  have  foreign  currency  exposure  with  respect  to  purchases  of  U.S.  dollar 
denominated products (inventory) and we experience foreign currency gains and losses thereon.  The nature of exposure to 
foreign exchange fluctuations differs between equipment manufacturers and the various dealer agreements with them. 

A weakening of the U.S. dollar in comparison to the Canadian dollar will generally have a positive effect on our performance 
by lowering our cost of goods sold.  However, as the markets in which we operate are highly competitive, a declining U.S. 
dollar also has the effect of reducing sales prices in Canadian dollars and, as a consequence, we cannot capture the entire 
potential benefit of a declining U.S. dollar environment.  By contrast, a strengthening U.S. dollar will increase the cost of 
equipment purchases.  If we are unable to fully offset the increase in cost of goods through price increases, our financial 
results will be negatively affected.  We mitigate some of this risk by occasionally purchasing forward contracts for U.S. dollars 
on large transactions to cover the period from the time the equipment is ordered from the manufacturer to the payment date.  

During 2017, RME recognized a net foreign exchange gain of $0.7 million (2016 – gain of $0.7 million).  Foreign exchange 
losses (gains) are recognized within SG&A expenses. 

Interest Rate Risk 

We finance our equipment inventory, certain capital expenditures, business acquisitions and occasionally, our other general 
working capital requirements, by way of various financing facilities under which we are charged interest at floating rates.  As 
a result, rising interest rates have the effect of increasing our overall costs.  To the extent that we cannot pass on such 
increased costs to our customers, our net earnings or cash flow may decrease.  In addition, many of our customers finance 
the equipment they purchase from us.  A customer’s decision to purchase may be affected by interest rates available to 
finance the purchase.   

RME manages its interest rate risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps when appropriate.  Generally, RME will 
obtain floor plan financing and long-term debt at floating rates.  When RME enters into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap, 
it agrees with a third party to exchange the difference between the fixed and floating contract rates based on agreed notional 
amounts.   

Refer to the “Derivative Financial Instruments” section of this MD&A for additional information and gains (losses) on derivative 
financial instruments. 

Equity Price Risk 

As part of its overall compensation of directors, officers and employees, RME has issued cash-settled share-based payments 
in the form of DSUs and SARs.  The DSUs are valued on a per DSU basis at an amount equal to the volume weighted 
average  trading  price  of  RME’s  common  shares  over  the  immediately  preceding  20-day  trading  period.    The  SARs  are 
revalued at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  Increases in RME’s share value result in 
additional compensation expense to RME related to these two programs.  As share-based payments, the DSUs and SARs 
are not accounted for as financial instruments. 

RME has entered into several total return swaps to hedge the exposure associated with increases in its share value on its 
outstanding DSUs and SARs.  The total return swaps are classified as derivative financial instruments.  The intent of these 
derivatives is to offset the incremental cost to RME associated with increases in its common share price on its cash-settled 
share-based payments.   

Refer to the “Derivative Financial Instruments” section of this MD&A for additional information and gains (losses) on derivative 
financial instruments. 

 
 
 
 
 
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Liquidity Risk 

24 

RME’s objective is to have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due.  RME monitors its cash balance and cash flows 
generated from operations as well as available credit facilities to meet its requirements.    

Refer to the “Adequacy of Capital Resources” section of this MD&A for a discussion of the liquidity risks faced by RME as 
well as a description of RME’s various credit facilities.  

SUBSEQUENT EVENT  

In January 2018, RME initiated the unwinding of 510 thousand shares of our equity hedge position in order to realign the 
hedge position with the number of SARs and DSUs outstanding.  RME anticipates that a loss will be recognized on the 
unwinding  of  this  position  as  a  result  of  the  decline  in  the  share  price  during  the  unwinding  period,  with  such  period 
culminating during the first quarter of 2018. 

NON-IFRS MEASURES  

Throughout this MD&A, we use terms which do not have standardized meanings under IFRS.  As these non-IFRS financial 
measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS, they are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures 
presented by other issuers.  Our definition for each term is as follows:  

 

“Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share” is calculated by eliminating from net earnings, the after-tax impact of the losses 
(gains) arising from RME’s derivative financial instruments and DSUs, as well as the expense (recovery) associated with 
its SARs.  These items arise primarily from changes in RME’s share price as well as fluctuations in interest rates and 
are not reflective of RME’s core operations.   

RME  also  adjusts  for  any  non-recurring  charges  (recoveries)  recognized  in  net  earnings.    Management  deems  non-
recurring  charges  (recoveries)  to  be  unusual  or  infrequent  items  that  RME  incurs  outside  of  its  common  day-to-day 
operations.  Adjusting for these items allows management to isolate and analyze diluted earnings per share from core 
business  operations.    For  the  periods  presented,  restructuring  costs  associated  with  amalgamating  the  industrial 
operations and losses recognized on the impairment and subsequent disposition of vacant land have been classified as 
non-recurring charges.  The losses on the sale of vacant land are not expected to give rise to a reduction in our tax 
provision. 

 

“Adjusted EBITDA” is derived by eliminating the following items from net earnings: finance costs associated with long-
term debt; income taxes; depreciation and amortization; the impact of the losses (gains) arising from derivative financial 
instruments and DSUs; and the expense (recovery) associated with SARs.  Adjusting net earnings for these items allows 
management  to  consistently  compare  periods  by  removing  the  impact  of  fluctuations  in  tax  rates,  long-term  assets, 
financing costs related to RME’s capital structure and RME’s share price.   

RME also adjusts for any non-recurring charges (recoveries) recognized in Adjusted EBITDA.  Management deems non-
recurring  charges  (recoveries)  to  be  unusual  or  infrequent  items  that  RME  incurs  outside  of  its  common  day-to-day 
operations.  Adjusting for these items allows management to isolate and analyze EBITDA from core business operations.  
For  the  periods  presented,  restructuring  costs  associated  with  amalgamating  the  industrial  operations  and  losses 
recognized on the impairment and subsequent disposition of vacant land have been classified as non-recurring charges.  

 

“Operating SG&A” is calculated by eliminating from SG&A, depreciation and amortization expense as well as the impact 
of the losses (gains) arising from RME’s DSUs and the expense (recovery) associated with its SARs.  These items arise 
primarily from changes in RME’s share price and are not reflective of RME’s core operations.   

RME also adjusts for any non-recurring charges (recoveries) recognized in SG&A.  Management deems non-recurring 
charges (recoveries) to be unusual or infrequent items that RME incurs outside of its common day-to-day operations.  
For the periods presented, no non-recurring charges (recoveries) have been identified.  The assessment of Operating 
SG&A facilitates the evaluation of discretionary expenses from ongoing operations.  We target a sub-10% Operating 
SG&A as a percentage of total sales on an annual basis.    

 

“Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan” is calculated by eliminating the impact of the change in floor 
plan payable (excluding floor plan assumed pursuant to business combinations) from cash flows from operating activities.  
Adjusting cash flows from operating activities for changes in the balance of floor plan payable allows management to 
isolate and analyze operating cash flows during a period, prior to any sources or uses of cash associated with equipment 
financing decisions.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-IFRS MEASURES TO IFRS  

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share 

$ thousands 

Earnings used in the calculation of diluted earnings 

per share 

(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments 
Loss (gain) on DSUs 
SAR expense 
Non-deductible loss on vacant land 
Restructuring charges 
Tax effect of adjustments (27%) 
Earnings used in the calculation of Adjusted Diluted 

Earnings per Share 

Weighted average diluted shares used in the 

calculation of diluted earnings per share (in 
thousands) 

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share 

Adjusted EBITDA 

$ thousands 

For the quarter ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

8,171 
(3,131) 
162 
2,231 
- 
- 
199 

4,704 
(605) 
16 
230 
- 
- 
97 

4,580 
274 
(53) 
6 
- 
- 
(61) 

22,899 
(4,578) 
245 
2,995 
641 
- 
361 

14,966 
(4,751) 
220 
757 
1,360 
3,564 
57 

11,293 
3,548 
(211) 
24 
- 
- 
(907) 

7,632 

4,442 

4,746 

22,563 

16,173 

13,747 

19,515 
0.39 

19,384 
0.23 

19,272 
0.25 

19,413 
1.16 

19,384 
0.83 

19,327 
0.71 

For the quarter ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

Net earnings 
Finance costs associated with long-term debt  
Depreciation and amortization expense 
Income taxes 
EBITDA 
(Gain) loss on derivative financial instruments 
Loss (gain) on DSUs 
SAR expense 
Loss on vacant land 
Restructuring charges 
Adjusted EBITDA 

8,171 
406 
1,816 
3,099 
13,492 
(3,131) 
162 
2,231 
- 
- 
12,754 

4,704 
450 
1,915 
1,466 
8,535 
(605) 
16 
230 
- 
- 
8,176 

4,580 
501 
1,962 
1,696 
8,739 
274 
(53) 
6 
- 
- 
8,966 

22,899 
1,770 
7,417 
8,774 
40,860 
(4,578) 
245 
2,995 
641 
- 
40,163 

14,966 
1,795 
7,755 
5,955 
30,471 
(4,751) 
220 
757 
1,360 
3,564 
31,621 

11,293 
2,060 
7,803 
4,105 
25,261 
3,548 
(211) 
24 
- 
- 
28,622 

Operating SG&A 

$ thousands 

For the quarter ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

SG&A 
Depreciation and amortization expense 
(Loss) gain on DSUs 
SAR expense 
Operating SG&A 
Operating SG&A as a % of sales 

27,275 
(1,816) 
(162) 
(2,231) 
23,066 
8.4% 

25,205 
(1,915) 
(16) 
(230) 
23,044 
8.1% 

27,175 
(1,962) 
53 
(6) 
25,260 
8.8% 

99,772 
(7,417) 
(245) 
(2,995) 
89,115 
9.3% 

97,970 
(7,755) 
(220) 
(757) 
89,238 
9.6% 

108,228 
(7,803) 
211 
(24) 
100,612 
10.3% 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26 

For the year ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

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Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan 

For the quarter ended  
December 31, 
2016 

2015 

2017 

$ thousands 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Net (increase) decrease in floor plan payable(1) 
Floor plan assumed pursuant to business 

combinations 

Operating Cash Flow before Changes in Floor Plan 
(1) – Includes change in floor plan payable classified as liabilities associated with assets held for sale. 

3,424 
(39,791) 

12,917 
1,625 

12,839 
(5,995) 

6,955 
(7,675) 

- 
(36,367) 

- 
14,542 

- 
6,844 

- 
(720) 

27,163 
60,463 

- 
87,626 

35,460 
23,951 

32,782 
92,193 

INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have, as at December 31, 2017, designed, or 
caused  to  be  designed  under  their  supervision,  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  ("DC&P")  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance that: (i) material information relating to RME is made known to them by others, particularly during the period in 
which the annual and interim filings are being prepared; and (ii) information required to be disclosed by RME in its annual 
filings, interim filings, or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized 
and reported within the time period specified in securities legislation. 

The CEO and CFO have designed or caused to be designed under their supervision, internal controls over financial reporting 
("ICFR") to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of RME’s financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.  RME's management, under the supervision of the CEO and 
CFO,  used  the  criteria  and  framework  established  in  the  2013  Internal  Controls  -  Integrated  Framework,  issued  by  the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") to design RME's ICFR. 

As at December 31, 2017, the CEO and CFO have evaluated the design and operation of RME’s DC&P and ICFR and 
concluded that they were effective.  During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, there were no changes in RME’s ICFR 
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect RME’s ICFR. 

It should be noted that a control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, but not 
absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be met and it should not be expected that the disclosure 
and internal controls and procedures will prevent all errors or fraud. 

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION AND STATEMENTS  

This MD&A contains FLS within the meaning of applicable securities legislation which involve known and unknown risks, 
uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of RME or industry results, 
to be materially different from any future results, events, expectations, performance or achievements expressed or implied 
by such FLS.  FLS typically contain words or phrases such as “may”, “outlook”, “objective”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, 
“should”, “could”, “would”, “will”, “expect”, “believe”, “plan”, “predict” and other similar terminology suggesting future outcomes 
or events.  FLS involve numerous assumptions and should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results.  Such 
statements will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether or not such future performance or results will be achieved.  
Readers of this MD&A should not unduly rely on FLS as a number of factors, many of which are beyond the control of RME, 
could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from the performance or results discussed in the FLS.  

In  particular,  FLS  in  this  MD&A  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  following:  (i)  disclosure  under  the  heading  “Market 
Fundamentals and Outlook”; (ii) continuing demand for RME's products and services, and the cyclical nature of agriculture 
equipment demand and any revenue or inventory statements or forecasts attributed thereto; (iii) disclosure under the heading 
"Capital Allocation Strategy – Acquisition Strategy", including discussion regarding RME's acquisition plans, prospects and 
activities;  (iv)  disclosure  under  the  heading  "Capital  Allocation  Strategy  –  Dividend  and  Debt",  including  any  discussion 
regarding RME's plans to maintain its current dividend, continue to pay down debt and keep RME's balance sheet ready for 
a potential transaction; (v) statements pertaining to the anticipated crop outlook in Western Canada, including the anticipated 
area seeded to field crops, crop yield and quality and the weather conditions associated with crop yields; (vi) statements 
regarding the disparity between the Canadian and U.S. dollars and the impact such disparity may have on RME's business 
and new equipment pricing in Canada; (vii) any discussion regarding RME's anticipated inventory balance and profile; (viii) 
discussion on the fundamentals of RME's business, including discussion regarding growth in GDP, farmers' crop receipts 
and  profitability,  field  crop  outlook  and  the  future  demand  for  agriculture  equipment  and  commodities;  (ix)  statements 
regarding customer buying patterns, including the extent to which we are able to convert new equipment customers to used 
equipment customers; (x) statements regarding the impact of a change in incentive programs from RME's manufacturer on 
RME's reported cost of sales during 2017; (xi) statements regarding RME’s anticipated gross margins; (xii) any statements 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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27 

or discussions regarding RME's inventory management and any expected increases or decreases in RME's inventory levels, 
and the timing and delivery thereof; (xiii) statements that we believe cash flow from operations, along with existing credit 
facilities,  will  provide  for  our  capital  needs;  (xiv)  discussion  around  Operating  SG&A  expenses,  including  the  seasonal 
variances and expectations in Operating SG&A and RME’s targeted annual Operating SG&A; (xv) discussion that the first 
quarter is generally the weakest financial quarter and that the fourth quarter is generally the strongest quarter financially; 
(xvi) statements that our installed base and customer relationships create an annuity of equipment sales and product support 
revenue, which help drive dependable earnings and cash flow; (xvii) statements that weather conditions may impact sales 
activity  for  any  given  period;  (xviii)  statements  concerning  RME's  ongoing  compliance  with,  or  potential  breaches  of,  its 
covenants  under  its  credit  facilities,  including  the  Syndicated  Facility;  (xix)  statements  concerning  RME’s  expected 
undiscounted cash flows as at December 31, 2017, and (xx) statements regarding any anticipated losses recognized as a 
result of the unwinding of RME's equity hedge position.  

With respect to the FLS listed above and contained in this MD&A, RME has made assumptions regarding, among other 
things: (i) expectations that commodity prices will continue to remain above historical levels; (ii) increasing food demand, as 
well as increasing crop land dedicated to bio-fuel production, will cause producers to improve their productivity, and as a 
result invest in new equipment, (iii) expectations that increases in farmer liquidity would generally correlate to farmers making 
capital re-investments in their business, so as to increase their productivity and lower their input costs, which investments 
may include RME’s products and services, (iv) inventory levels will fluctuate during a year, both positively and negatively, 
based on timing of equipment deliveries, and volume of whole-good sales involving a unit taken in on trade, (v) the general 
GDP  growth  and/or  relative  economic  stability  in  the  markets  we  operate  in,  (vi)  the  trend  towards  larger  farms  in  the 
agriculture  sector  will  continue  to  benefit  further  farm  equipment  sales  as  larger  farm  operations  tend  to  replace  their 
equipment more frequently, (vii) RME’s cash flow will remain sufficient to, in connection with its credit facilities, adequately 
finance its capital needs, (viii) as stores are consolidated, certain functions can be centralized thereby reducing SG&A costs 
as a result, (ix) the anticipated improvement in ongoing revenue and cash-flow, including parts and service revenue, as our 
installed base increases, (x) expectations that no material change will happen to our OEM relationships; (xi) expectations 
that customers who purchase their equipment from RME will, generally, return to RME for their product support needs; (xii) 
our realigned investment in inventory is consistent with current market demand; and, (xiii) RME will remain in compliance 
with all of its debt covenants under the terms of the Syndicated Facility and will be able to renew its Syndicated Facility prior 
to maturity on September 24, 2020.  

RME’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the FLS in this MD&A as a result of the risk factors set 
forth  herein  under  the  heading  “Risks  and  Uncertainties”  and  the  risk  factors  set  forth  in  RME’s  AIF.    Although  the  FLS 
contained  in  this  MD&A  are  based  upon  what  management  of  RME  believes  are  reasonable  assumptions,  RME  cannot 
assure  investors  that  actual  performance  or  results  will  be  consistent  with  these  FLS.    These  statements  reflect  current 
expectations regarding future events and operating performance and are based on information currently available to RME’s 
management.  There can be no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations upon which these FLS are based will 
occur.  All FLS in this MD&A are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements herein and those set forth in RME’s 
AIF available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.  These FLS and outlook are made as of the date of this document and, except 
as required by applicable law, RME assumes no obligation to update or revise them to reflect new events or circumstances.