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UK Oil & Gas Plc

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FY2020 Annual Report · UK Oil & Gas Plc
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Company Registration No:  05299925 

UK Oil & Gas PLC 

Annual Report and Accounts 
For the year ended 30 September 2020 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Strategic Report For The Year Ended 30 September 2020 .........................................................................................................................3 
Our Business ...........................................................................................................................................................................................3 
Our Strategy ............................................................................................................................................................................................4 
Statement From The Chairman ................................................................................................................................................................5 
Chief Executive’s Statement ....................................................................................................................................................................6 
Principal Risks And Uncertainties ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 
Operational Review ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16 
Financial Review.................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 
Key Performance Indicators ................................................................................................................................................................... 20 
Reserves And Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21 
Health, Safety And The Environment ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 
Directors’ Section 172 Statement........................................................................................................................................................... 25 
Corporate Governance .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 
Directors’ Remuneration Report ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 
Report Of The Independent Auditor To The Members Of Uk Oil & Gas Plc .............................................................................................. 40 
Financial Statements ............................................................................................................................................................................. 45 

Consolidated Statement Of Comprehensive Income  For Year Ended 30 September 2020 ....................................................................... 45 

Consolidated Statement Of Financial Position As At 30 September 2020 ................................................................................................ 46 

Company Statement Of Financial Position As At 30 September 2020 ...................................................................................................... 47 

Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity For The Year Ended 30 September 2020 .......................................................................... 48 

Company Statement Of Changes In Equity For The Year Ended 30 September 2020 ................................................................................ 48 

Consolidated Statement Of Cash Flow For The Year Ended 30 September 2020 ...................................................................................... 50 

Company Statement Of Cash Flow For The Year Ended 30 September 2020 ............................................................................................ 51 

Notes To The Financial Statements ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 

Company Information ........................................................................................................................................................................... 78 

Forward-looking Statement 

This annual report contains ‘forward-looking information’, which may include, but is not limited to, statements with respect to the future financial and operating 

performance of UK Oil & Gas PLC, its subsidiaries, investment assets and affiliated companies, the estimation of oil reserves  or resources, the realisation of 

resource estimates, costs of production, capital and exploration expenditures, costs and timing of the development of new assets, requirements for additional 

capital, governmental regulation of operations and exploration operations, timing and receipt of approvals, licenses, environmental risks, title disputes or claims. 

Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as ‘plans’, ‘expects’, ‘is expected’, ‘budget’, ‘scheduled’, ‘estimates’, 

‘forecasts’, ‘intends’, ‘anticipates’ or ‘believes’, or variations (including negative variations) of such words and phrases, or state that certain actions, events or 

results ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘would’, ‘might’ or ‘will’ be taken, occur or be achieved. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and 

other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of UK Oil & Gas PLC and/or its subsidiaries, investment assets and/or its affiliated 

companies to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. 

Such factors include, among others, general business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties; the actual results of current exploration activities; 

conclusions of economic evaluations and studies; fluctuations in the value of UK Pounds Sterling relative to the United States Dollar, and other foreign currencies; 

changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; future prices of products; possible variations in recovery rates; failure of plant, equipment or 

processes  to  operate  as  anticipated;  accidents,  labour  disputes  and  other  risks  of  the  oil  &  gas  industry;  political  instability,  adverse  weather  conditions, 

insurrection or war; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion of development or construction activities. 

Although UK Oil & Gas PLC has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described 

in forward-looking statements, there may well be other factors that cause actions, events or results to differ from those currently anticipated, estimated or 

intended. 

Forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date of this annual report, and UK Oil & Gas PLC disclaims any obligation to update any forward-

looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements 

will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not 

place  undue  reliance  on  forward-looking  statements  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  therein.  Nothing  in  this  annual  report  should  be construed  as a  profit 

forecast. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

OUR BUSINESS 

UK Oil & Gas PLC (“UKOG” or the “Company”) is an energy company currently primarily focused upon oil & gas 
exploration and production. We specialise in creating new geological ideas, concepts and methodologies to find 
and produce oil & gas from previously unexplored or overlooked rock formations within established petroleum 
producing provinces.  

Our current operational focus is on the UK and Turkey onshore sectors, where we aim to build a sustainable oil 
& gas production base that can act as a springboard to further worldwide opportunities. UKOG has operated 
safely and environmentally responsibly in the UK since 2013.  

Our current UK onshore portfolio consists of direct and indirect interests in six oil & gas exploration, appraisal, 
development  and  production  assets,  all  situated  within  the  Weald  and  Purbeck-Wight  Basins  of  southern 
England. We are the largest acreage holder in the south of England, with assets covering 689 gross km².  

We hold majority interests in four UK onshore oil & gas discoveries, the most notable being at Horse Hill and 
Loxley in Surrey, together with a significant position in the Kimmeridge Limestone (KL) oil deposit or “play”. UKOG 
holds the largest acreage position within the play’s most prospective area or “sweet spot”, covering 489 gross 
km². 

Our UK oil & gas portfolio contains a good balance of low-risk production, appraisal and development assets as 
well as upside exploration assets within both the Kimmeridge Limestone and Portland conventional plays. 

Our expanding portfolio in Turkey consists of a 50% non-operated working interest in the 305 km² Resan licence 
in south east Turkey, containing the potentially significant undeveloped Basur-Resan oil discovery plus further 
exploration prospects. This project is assessed to contain significantly greater discovered oil volumes than any of 
our UK projects and, if successful, offers potentially transformational growth for the Company. 

A  joint  application  with  our  Turkish  partner  for  four  further  blocks  offsetting  the  Resan  licence,  all  of  which 
contain  undrilled  geological  lookalikes  to  the  Basur-Resan  discovery,  has  also  been  submitted  to  the  Turkish 
regulatory authorities.  

In  order  to  move  our  business  forwards,  we  maintain  a  high  level  of  operational  activity,  conducting  near-
continuous drilling and flow testing operations since May 2017.  

Our  portfolio,  notably  Basur-Resan  in  Turkey  and  Loxley  in  the  UK,  has  the  potential  to  generate  significant 
returns for the Company and its shareholders. 

As a diversification, we are increasingly active in the newly emerging geothermal energy field, where we possess 
the  key  subsurface  and  engineering  skills  necessary  to  make  such  projects  work.  As  well  as  new  standalone 
geothermal projects, we are currently investigating the viability of hybrid energy sites envisaged to derive power 
from  both  petroleum  and  geothermal.  We  are  a  founder  member  of  the  newly  formed  Geothermal  Energy 
Advancement Association. 

We  are  actively  investigating  hybrid  geothermal  projects  at  two  of  our  UK  sites  and  will  review  geothermal 
opportunities onshore Turkey. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OUR STRATEGY 

UKOG aims to build a diverse, sustainable and self-funding energy business which has the following strategic 
objectives: 

Oil & Gas: 

1.  Find and Develop Low-Cost and Long-life Assets   

Continuing to invest in our potential near-term production assets is a key priority.  

- 
-  Once in production, the revenues from these assets will provide free  cash flow to re-invest and 

deliver shareholder returns.  

2.  Resource and Reserve Growth   

- 

Building  our  recoverable  resources,  reserves  and  future  production  through  targeted  and 
disciplined high-impact exploration, appraisal projects and acquisitions. 

Geothermal and Renewables: 

1.  UK Energy Diversification - Reduce Carbon Footprint of Company’s Existing Petroleum Producing Sites  
-  Where viable, implement geothermal and/or solar energy cogeneration plus battery storage from 

existing wells/sites. 

-  Where viable, add new standalone geothermal and battery storage for grid/heat export.  

2.  Find and Develop New Stand-alone Geothermal Projects 

-  Ground floor entry, either operated or as joint venture partner. 
-  UK initial focus, international expansion if successful or commercially viable opportunities arise. 

Targeted Portfolio Management: 

Continuously review and high-grade our portfolio to either acquire or divest further stakes in existing assets. We 
also look to acquire assets at any stage in the life cycle and are not limited by geography, where we can create 
significant value for shareholders. 

UKOG shares this vision and strategy through internal dialogue with employees and externally with shareholders 
and  stakeholders  via  public  announcements  and  dissemination  of  information  through  our  website  and  the 
Annual Report and Accounts. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
STATEMENT FROM THE CHAIRMAN 

The worldwide Covid-19 pandemic has dominated our thoughts and our industry for the reporting period, yet I 
salute  the  Chief  Executive  and  his  team  for  thinking  one  step  ahead  and  looking  to  broaden  horizons 
internationally. 

This has been my third year as Chairman of UKOG and I take this opportunity to repeat my applause for the 
volume  of  work  undertaken  by  a  small  team  of  professionals.  The  core  of  that  team,  with  the  invaluable 
assistance from experts, has managed to overcome a series of hurdles and has taken the Company towards fresh 
fields  and  fresh  opportunities  that have  the  capability,  if  successful,  to  provide  a  step change  in  recoverable 
reserves and revenues. 

Signing the Resan participation agreement with Aladdin Middle East Ltd in Turkey and applying for three further 
exploration licences exhibit our determination to achieve one of our strategic objectives of growing our reserves 
and resource. Along with a growing portfolio in Turkey, our Loxley, Arreton and Horse Hill assets will remain a 
significant part of UKOG’s plans and thoughts in the coming year.  

Over  the  past  18  months the  team  expended  much  effort  in  positioning  our  excellent  Loxley  asset  ready  for 
action in 2021. Consequently, we were all disappointed by November’s rerun of Surrey County Council’s planning 
consent meeting and the same 6 votes to 5 rejection as the original legally unsound June meeting. The UKOG 
team went to great lengths to answer all the questions raised in June, provide significant additional mitigations 
and to propose strong arguments about how development of hydrogen from the gas field would play a key part 
in the UK’s net zero ambitions. 

However, some of the committee appeared not to listen to the objective evidence presented to them and stuck 
rigidly to a narrow agenda which went against the conclusions and recommendations of the council’s planning 
and highways officers. They preferred to focus on subjective local issues and failed to see the many positives at 
local, regional and national levels. So be it. Now UKOG has taken its case to a higher authority, who will hopefully 
decide upon facts not perceived fiction. The Loxley appeal will occupy much of this year with a decision expected 
by year end. 

On the Isle of Wight, due to pandemic related delays, we now understand that our Arreton project’s planning 
application should likely be determined in late second quarter, which, if granted, will allow us to schedule site 
construction and drilling once the pandemic situation stabilises. 

Horse Hill has also proved to be another challenge, including the unlawful activities of climate change activists 
who  have  twice  occupied  the  site  in  contravention  of  the  UKOG  injunction.  The  oil  field  has  behaved  like  a 
talented but troublesome teenager: plenty of promise but with the expected problems too. In addition to the 
constant and mounting regulatory workload, the oil field’s geology has proved unexpectedly complex. The team 
is determined to find technical solutions to make it the economic success story we want it to be. 

From  my  base  in  Houston,  Texas,  I  am  in  constant  communication  with  Stephen  Sanderson  and his  team.  In 
addition, I monitor various chatrooms and blog sites and I read some of the frustration about the falling share 
values. Oil exploration is a complicated and time-consuming business. There are no guarantees of success and 
the regulatory procedure in the UK is clearly far lengthier and more intricate than we experience here in the 
States. It also has a habit of absorbing considerable time and money. 

UKOG has no control over the day-to-day share price, it has no control over the price of Brent Crude and no 
control over the UK’s complex attitude towards the oil & gas industry. Until our growing portfolio of appraisal 
projects produces reserves and positive cash flows, raising funds to keep developing, appraising and exploring in 
the  interests  of  investors  can  only  realistically  be  achieved  via  equity  funding,  but  it  will  only  be  used  when 
necessary. 

We now look forward to a continued rise in Brent values and for a worldwide picture which offers stability and 
more reasons for optimism. 

Allen D Howard 
Non-Executive Chairman, 15 April 2021 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT 

This has been a uniquely challenging year for the nation and our industry as we have wrestled with the dual shock 
of Covid-19 and the subsequent collapse of Brent Crude prices. I have experienced many oil price downturns in 
my career, but none have been as unexpected or severe as 2020. Fortunately, the Company and industry have 
been resilient enough to survive and adapt and to witness the hoped for bounce back in oil price. We all hope 
this will be long lived.   

During these uncertain times at UK Oil & Gas PLC we have deliberately adopted a positive half-glass-full mindset, 
prudently  reducing  our  costs  where  possible  and  making  positive  steps  by  acquiring  new,  highly  material 
opportunities at a time when entry prices were low. 

Despite the pandemic I am delighted to report that the addition of the Turkey Basur-Resan discovery into our 
portfolio plus Loxley’s significant gas volumes has seen our total net discovered resources increase significantly 
to 37.48 mmboe, the highest level in the Company’s short history. This represents a highly material increase of 
129% compared to last year and, similarly, our reserves also increased by 13% compared to the last reporting 
period. Our plan remains to convert as much of our discovered resources into reserves and production as we can 
in 2021 via our appraisal drilling programme. 

Although  we  significantly  increased  our  recoverable  reserve  and  resource  base,  the  challenging  price 
environment over the past year, coupled with the less than hoped for results at Horse Hill, has had an inevitable 
effect on the value of some of our assets. Consequently, in line with many other oil & gas companies, including 
many  of  our  peers  in  the  onshore  UK,  this  year  we  have  written  down  some  £17.25  million  of  our  historic 
investments, primarily at Horse Hill and the newly relinquished PEDL143 licence. The write down this year will 
therefore not impact upon any future success or revenues from our Turkish assets. 

I would also like to stress, that in the current pricing environment, the significant cost reductions achieved at 
Horse Hill over the year and the forecast reduction in water handling costs via the conversion of HH-2z into a 
water injector means that, going forwards, Horse Hill production is forecast to be profitable. The planned HH-3 
and  HH-4  infill  wells  are  also  designed  to  boost  production  as  we  move  forward  in  developing  our  asset. 
Horndean, which continues to produce very steadily, also remains profitable with current rates and prices.  

As it had long been my vision to transform UKOG into an international organisation that could operate in areas 
that offer  greater upside, lower  costs and more rapid payback than the UK, these unprecedented times also 
provided the catalyst for action and a move to expand into pastures new.  

Hence, in July 2020, we signed an agreement with Aladdin Middle East Ltd (“AME”), to take a 50% non-operated 
working interest in the Resan licence in Turkey, containing the material undeveloped Basur-Resan oil discovery, 
together with a subsequent application for four further exploration blocks containing similar potential to Resan. 
AME have operated successfully in Turkey for 60 years and we are fortunate to have them as our new partner. 

I see this move into Turkey as crucial to the Company’s continued success and prosperity. Our Weald Basin assets, 
although some of the best in the UK onshore, particularly Loxley and the Kimmeridge, simply do not offer the 
same step-change growth potential we aspire to and, due to the increasing regulatory burden, take far too long 
to monetise. In the Company’s view, and as supported by published reserve metrics, the petroleum system and 
potential resource size in South East Turkey is simply in a different league from the Weald Basin and the UK 
onshore. 

The  Resan  licence  offers  the  rare  opportunity  to  appraise  a  discovered  oil  accumulation  with  recoverable 
volumes greater than all of the Weald Basin’s historic oil production and reserves combined. The new blocks, if 
awarded to us, each have the potential to add additional significant recoverable oil volumes to Basur-Resan. 

What further drives our enthusiasm for Turkey is the low-cost environment and the ability to rapidly monetise 
any success in under a year, compared to 3-5 years in the UK. This has been ably demonstrated by our partner 
AME’s  success  at  their  East  Sadak  field,  the  closest  producing  look  alike  field  to  Basur-Resan.  Unlike  the  UK, 
Turkish Petroleum Law supports explorers and producers, as indigenous oil is given strategic importance by the 
government. If only that were the case in the UK. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

Adding  Basur-Resan  into  the  portfolio  was  thus  fully  compliant  with  our  stated  growth  strategy.  It  added  a 
potentially long-life asset which can operate at a lower cost base than the UK and which significantly boosted 
our overall net attributable resources. The addition of Prospect A within the licence also more than compensated 
the loss of the volumes attached to the relinquishment of the PEDL143 A24 prospect.  

Entry  into  the  project  also  exemplifies  our  ongoing  strategy  of  active  portfolio  management,  in  which  we 
continually high grade our portfolio, both adding new higher potential value assets and divesting lower ranking 
assets as and when opportunities present themselves. In this way we can harness each asset’s organic growth 
through the project execution stage.  

This past year in the UK, we also submitted new planning applications for Arreton oil appraisal on the Isle of 
Wight and Loxley gas appraisal in Surrey, the latter of which is now the subject of a formal Appeal to the Planning 
Inspectorate to be heard via public inquiry in July 2021. We remain confident that the Appeal will be successful 
and that the Loxley project, one of the UK onshore’s largest ever gas discoveries, can take its place as a source 
of feedstock for reformation into hydrogen, a key new sector to help the UK meet net zero. 

We have also spent significant time looking at the feasibility of enhancing our UK sites to include renewable 
energy. Our vision is that our UK sites could become integrated hybrid energy hubs, encompassing solar, closed 
loop  geothermal,  petroleum  and  battery  storage.  We  have  also  been  evaluating  stand-alone  closed-loop 
geothermal activities as an addition to our traditional UK business. Whilst this sector is still in its infancy in the 
UK, we believe we have the key technical and project management skills necessary to make such projects work. 

In order to further our geothermal projects and credentials we became a founder member of a new geothermal 
stakeholder organisation, the Geothermal Energy Advancement Association. 

Further prudent financial decisions were also made during the reporting period, which, in response to rapidly 
falling oil prices included a 55% reduction in overall Administration expenses, representing a £2.18 million saving 
from  the  last  reporting  year.  The  saving  included  management  and  staff  electing  to  take  an  effective  20% 
temporary reduction in salary. 

In an ongoing series of cost cutting measures, the Company also significantly reduced the Horse Hill oil field’s 
operating costs. From January 2020, operating costs were reduced by a substantial 66% overall, even though 
water handling costs increased substantially. The savings place Horse Hill in a good position to take advantage of 
the strengthening Brent crude prices seen post reporting period. 

Horse Hill was also granted full long-term production consent by the Oil and Gas Authority (“OGA”) in March 
2020, which thus moved the status of HH-1 production into the proven developed producing (“PDP”) reserves 
category,  a  pre-requisite  for  any  future  potential  debt-based  funding  to  help  finance  further  Portland  and 
Kimmeridge infill wells. 

Market Place 
From September 2019 until the impact of the pandemic was felt, oil prices remained remarkably stable, with 
Brent hovering around the low $60s per barrel (“bbl.”). However, this was not to last, as the value of Brent crude 
reached an unprecedented low on 21 April 2020 in direct response to a worldwide pandemic-induced slump in 
demand. An American analyst described that day as “crazy” and “a moment we never ever expected to see”. The 
crazy  day  saw  Brent  plummet  to  $15.98  per  bbl  as  unimaginable  negative  values  were  experienced  in  US 
benchmark prices. 

A month after the beginning of the UK’s initial lockdown, the Covid-19 pandemic created a 30 per cent collapse 
in the global demand for oil, with the dramatic cut in air travel having a huge impact. In 2020, total demand for 
primary  oils  in  the  UK  dropped  19  per  cent  compared  to  2019  with  refinery  production  following  suit  and 
dropping to its lowest ever level.  

In the UK transport demand, which usually accounts for almost 70% of domestic oil consumption, dropped 28 
per  cent  compared  to  2019,  led  by  a  fall  in  aviation  demand,  which  itself  fell  60  per  cent  compared  to  pre-
pandemic levels. Similarly, UK diesel demand fell by 17 per cent and petrol demand dropped 21 per cent in 2020.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

Whilst  petrol  and  diesel  have  shown  a  recovery,  jet  fuel  consumption  remains  in  the  doldrums  due  to  the 
international travel ban. All this took the use of oil & gas in UK transport down to levels last seen in the mid-
1980s. 

Following the pandemic’s first wave, the OPEC cartel, plus Russia and other significant producers, agreed to cut 
supplies by 10 per cent to lessen the burden on over-flowing oil storage facilities. This, combined with a slowing 
of infection rates in developed countries corresponding with summer in the northern hemisphere, saw prices 
recover to around $40 per bbl. by June 2020 and stay at the same level through summer and autumn. Developing 
countries who rely heavily on their oil exports, including Algeria, Iran, Iraq and Libya, were particularly adversely 
affected. Even the global majors, BP, Shell and Exxon Mobil, suffered multi-billion-pound losses. 

Post the reporting period, in response to successful Covid-19 vaccine trials announced in November 2020, the 
global picture improved, with prices rising consistently, now reaching over $60 per bbl. from end February 2021, 
recently briefly exceeding pre-Covid levels. A far cry from the values of $140 in the early noughties, but still a 
healthy bounce back. The vaccination programme worldwide has had a positive impact on the financial mood of 
the markets, although the position remains volatile.  

Interestingly in Q4 2020 indigenous UK production of primary oils was down 9.5 per cent compared to Q4 2019, 
following delayed maintenance and lack of investment, both direct results of the pandemic. Going forward it 
therefore remains a possibility that a similar lack of investment in oil supply within the global sector over the 
past year, notably in US shale and non-core Opec production, could limit supply levels to below pre-pandemic 
levels even with a return to pre-pandemic demand once vaccinations are fully rolled out and wider global travel 
resumes.  

Such a potential global supply shortfall could also potentially be exacerbated by the prospect of the marginal 
cost of US oil being raised via President Biden’s possible ‘carbon taxes’ on the 3 MMMBop of oil from federal 
lands.  This  ’tax’  could  see  US  marginal  shale  and  conventional  projects  remain  shut  in.  A  wider  post-Covid 
economic  surge  could  further  exacerbate  any  upwards  price  pressure  due  solely  to  supply  limitations. 
Consequently, there is room for cautious optimism for future oil prices.   

Those projects with low operating costs and set within fiscal and operating regimes that allow rapid monetisation 
and payback could therefore stand to benefit more from any price increase cycle. Such projects will also likely be 
able to better compete for capital as they offer greater returns. The Company’s exposure to operations in Turkey 
is therefore well positioned to take advantage of this scenario should it materialise. 

As per oil demand, UK gas demand in 2020 fell by 6.2 per cent compared to 2019, resulting in a weakening of 
prices. Partly due to a colder than expected winter, prices recovered this year. Whilst UK imports dropped to 
around 59% of demand, the make-up of imports appears to have changed significantly, seeing a 12% reduction 
in gas imported via pipeline and a 4.8 per cent increase in Liquefied Natural Gas (“LNG”) compared to 2019. The 
willingness of continental Europe to pay more for gas during the pandemic resulted in a significant shortfall of 
pipeline supply from Norway, mostly taken up by cheaper opportunistic LNG supply from Trump’s USA.  

Overall, LNG made up 42 per cent of all gas imports, up from 39 per cent in 2019. Imports of LNG were particularly 
high in the first half of 2020, reaching 62 per cent of total imports in Q2. Qatar, which has shareholding influence 
in the UK’s National Grid, remains the dominant import source of LNG, contributing 48 per cent of total LNG in 
2020,  stable  on  2019  levels.  As  new  projects  have  come  on  stream,  the  number  of  LNG  import  sources  has 
increased in recent years. Notably in 2020, imports from the US increased by 72 per cent on 2019. Ironically much 
of the US LNG derives from tight or fracked gas projects which would currently not be possible in the UK due to 
the moratorium relating to induced seismicity concerns. 

As LNG has 3-4 times the carbon footprint of indigenous UK gas, such as UKOG’s Loxley, any longer term UK 
import increase in LNG is potentially problematic with respect to reaching UK net zero targets. Given the UK 
Government’s backing for low carbon (blue) hydrogen and BP’s recently announced large scale Teesside blue 
hydrogen plant (which will reformulate natural gas into clean burning hydrogen) it would be ironic if the blue 
hydrogen were to rely upon high carbon footprint imports at the expense of lower footprint indigenous gas like 
Loxley. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

Consequently,  in  order  to  meet  UK  net  zero  targets  and  to  generate  inward  UK  investment,  the  Company 
envisages that conventional indigenous gas such as Loxley will continue to play an important role in supplying 
the  lowest  carbon  footprint  gas  for  reformation  into  hydrogen  through  the  projected  15-20  year  life  of  the 
project.  Additionally,  if  the  government  were  committed  to  a  level  carbon  footprint  playing  field,  it  is  also 
conceivable that any future carbon taxes might ‘protect’ low footprint indigenous gas, further enhancing the 
viability of projects like Loxley. 

Financials 
I acknowledge the concerns of private investors about ‘dilution’ of shares in the Company. However, it is our 
view that until such time as the Company has sufficient positive cash flow and or significant proven and probable 
reserves upon which to secure debt funding, raising funds from equity remains the most sensible and realistic 
way to fund projects for forward growth.  

All  oil  and  gas  companies,  from  majors  to  relative  minnows,  must  find  ways  to  survive  and  flourish  and  our 
liquidity in the market is a valuable tool when there are no other funding options available.  

That said, we believe that success in Turkey could dramatically improve the Company’s financial strength in the 
near term due to the sheer magnitude of the potential prize and the ability to rapidly monetise a successful well. 

Just before the first Covid-19 lockdown in March 2020, the Company paid the final £1 million to complete the 
acquisition  of  Magellan  Petroleum  (UK)  Investment  Holdings  Limited.  This  was  the  deferred  consideration 
element  to Tellurian  Investments  LLC,  the  former  owner.  Via  this  payment,  UKOG  now  holds  irrevocable 
ownership of Magellan, renamed UKOG (137/246) Ltd, which owns a direct 35% interest in the Horse Hill oil field 
and the surrounding highly prospective PEDL137 and PEDL246 licences. As a result, UKOG holds a controlling 
85.635% in the field and surrounding licences. 

In June 2020, the Company fully repaid its convertible loan with Riverfort Global Opportunities PCC Limited and 
YA II PN Ltd. The repayment of the outstanding balance of £1.825 million eliminated the uncertainty attached to 
loan note conversion timings and pricing, something the Company believed was having a negative influence on 
UKOG's share price. 

During the reporting period we raised £2.0 million in December 2019 from a single institutional investor, partly 
to accelerate long-lead time surface facilities and other related works necessary to bring the field into stable 
long-term oil production. An additional £1.275 million was raised in April 2020 to implement a series of cost 
reduction  measures  and  we  then  added  a  further  £4.2  million  in  June  2020  to  fund  full  repayment  of  the 
convertible loan, as detailed above, and for the purchase of key surface facilities at Horse Hill. Post period in 
October 2020 we raised a further £2.2 million to fund our share of initial costs in Turkey. 

Operations 
UKOG’s UK operational activities concentrated upon the Horse Hill oil field, located near Gatwick Airport, plus 
we also pushed ahead with our other Weald Basin licences at Loxley in Surrey and Arreton on the Isle of Wight. 

By end February 2021, post period, the Horse Hill field had produced and exported over 137,000 bbl of Brent 
quality crude from its Kimmeridge and Portland oil pools, providing the Company with a solid revenue base.  

Activity at the Horse Hill field centred around reducing operating costs and a series of interventions on Horse 
Hill-1  (“HH-1”),  designed  to  optimise  pumping  efficiency  and  minimise  the  expected  water  cut  i.e.,  standard 
conventional  oil  field  routine.  The  final  intervention  cycle  finished  in  November  2020,  seeing  the  safe 
reperforation of the full Portland oil producing section, insertion of a new simplified production tubing string and 
the downhole pump set at a deeper level to increase Portland pumping efficiency.  

A further series of multi-week production optimisation trials to achieve the best balance between oil revenues 
and water handling and other operational costs were also undertaken, achieving stable water influx levels by the 
end of 2020. Work is also in hand, subject to regulatory permissions, to convert HH-2z into a water injector which 
should significantly reduce current water handling costs and help maximise oil recovery by supporting reservoir 
pressure. 

9 

 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

It is expected that the further HH-3 Portland and HH-4 Kimmeridge infill wells will be planned in detail and drilled 
at Horse Hill following the completion of the Company’s potentially transformational initial Turkey Basur-Resan 
appraisal drilling campaign. 

As part of our UK energy diversification strategy, at Horse Hill we are actively evaluating the addition of 250 kW 
of photovoltaic solar power and 100 kW of battery storage to reduce site energy consumption, CO2 emissions 
and operating costs, further underpinning long term site economic value and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 
Alongside this we have also invested in a scoping study aimed at cogeneration and standalone geothermal energy 
at Horse Hill. 

As  operator  of  PEDL143,  and  as  part  of  our  portfolio  management  strategy,  we  carried  out  a  detailed  study 
examining the viability of drilling the A24 (formerly Holmwood) Portland and Kimmeridge prospect from selected 
sites  outside  the  Surrey  Hills  Area  of  Outstanding  Natural  Beauty.  We  concluded  this  was  not  economically 
feasible and as a result UKOG and its partners relinquished their interests in the licence. It remains a source of 
irritation and regret that the prior operator did not drill this handsome prospect when it had planning permission 
to do so. 

It should be noted, however, that the additional exploration potential of our Resan licence, namely the drill ready 
Prospect A, resulted in a net 13% gain to the Company’s prospective resources, more than compensating for the 
relinquishment of PEDL143. 

Turkey 
In July 2020 and after much prior consideration, we decided to broaden our horizons with an agreement to take 
a 50% non-operated working interest in the 305 km² Resan oil appraisal and exploration licence in south east 
Turkey. Applications for three further follow-on exploration licences, comprising four 150 km² blocks, were also 
submitted to the Turkish regulatory authorities, again with 50% non-operated working interests. 

UKOG’s board views the forthcoming 2021 Basur-Resan appraisal drilling programme, aimed initially at proving 
the commerciality of the  Basur-Resan oil discovery, to present a compelling and potentially transformational 
growth opportunity. If awarded the additional licences could each add similar oil resource potential as Basur-
Resan to the Company’s portfolio.  

Post period, we received formal government consent for the Resan acquisition and subsequently completed the 
transaction with AME.  

Having  recently  begun  construction  of  the  Basur-3  drilling  pad,  both  the  Company  and  AME  will  now  work 
towards  finalising  the  design  and  delivery  of  a  successful  first  appraisal  well,  aimed  at  establishing  the 
commerciality of the aerially extensive and as yet undeveloped Basur-Resan oil discovery. Work is also ongoing 
to design and shoot a c. 120 km 2D seismic programme this year and a further Resan-6 appraisal well. 

The Basur-Resan oil discovery was assessed by Xodus Group Ltd to contain an estimated mean case discovered 
recoverable oil volume of approximately 34 million bbl gross, potentially delivering to UKOG approximately 17 
mmbbl for its net 50% interest. The high case target offers approximately 67 mmbbl gross and 33.5 mmbbl net 
UKOG. Rapid monetisation of the discovery's success case is possible within a year in Turkey, plus drilling and 
operating costs are significantly lower than the UK.  

Basur-Resan, therefore, has the potential to significantly surpass the recoverable oil & gas volumes currently 
assigned  by  Xodus  to  both  our  Loxley  and  Arreton  appraisal  projects  and  the  entire  aggregate  sum  of  the 
Company’s  UK  portfolio.  As  previously  mentioned,  to  add  a  comparative  scale,  Resan’s  mean  case  gross 
discovered recoverable oil volume of approximately 34 million bbl exceeds the 32 million bbl of the total historic 
production and current remaining reserves of all the Weald Basin’s historic 13 producing fields.  

We also look forward to hearing the outcome of our application with AME for three further exploration licences 
in south east Turkey, lying to the south and south east of our Basur-Resan Licence. The most northerly block, 
M47-b3, is interpreted to contain a potentially significant extension of Basur-Resan and the most south easterly 
block, M48-d1, an extension of the recent Bukat-1 discovery well. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

Covid-19 
The  Covid-19  emergency  has  provided  us  all  with  extraordinary  new  challenges.  In  early  March  2020  we 
implemented a wide series of Covid-19 procedures and practices that protect the health and safety of our staff, 
consultants and stakeholders.  

The  policy  adopts  the  Government’s  medical  guidance  at  all  times,  including  social  distancing,  and  ensures 
appropriate levels of manpower and resources are maintained to ensure the safety of our operations as well as 
the health and safety of our team. At Horse Hill, we have adopted the policy of deploying essential staff only, all 
of whom are designated as “key workers” under the Government’s emergency legislation. 

Strict  hygiene  and  distancing  practices  are  in  place  to  ensure  that  production  continues  at  Horse  Hill  whilst 
protecting  our  team’s  health.  As  the  plan  minimises  external  contractor  visits  to  those  essential  for  safety, 
regulation and crude export, the planned series of further well interventions have been put on temporary hold 
until the current emergency passes. 

Our  Guildford  office  staff  have  also  been  adhering  to  best  advice  and  practices,  by  working  from  home  and 
communicating remotely using video conferencing technology which, fortunately, had been in active use within 
UKOG prior to the emergency. 

Loxley 
Following a post period rerun of the June 2020 Loxley planning committee meeting in November 2020, brought 
about  by  the  Company’s  legal  challenge  to  the  lawfulness  of  the  original  meeting’s  conduct,  Surrey  County 
Council (“SCC”) repeated their June performance, with the members voting 6 to 5 to narrowly refuse planning 
permission for appraisal drilling and testing at the Loxley gas exploration site near Dunsfold in Surrey.  

This disappointing decision was, for the second time, contrary to the recommendation of the Council officers’ 
report which recommended approval, all issues concerning planning, environmental and highways having been 
resolved to their professional satisfaction.  

Crucially, the decision also ignored the key role domestic natural gas plays in the government’s stated future low-
carbon  hydrogen  policy  in  which  natural  gas  is  reformed  into  clean  burning  hydrogen.  This  new  sector  is  an 
integral element of UK infrastructure strategy designed to help achieve net zero and underpin the UK’s recovery 
from record Covid-19 induced debt levels.  

Post period, on 8th February 2021, an appeal against SCC’s refusal was lodged with the Planning Inspectorate, 
with a public inquiry lasting up to nine days now scheduled to commence on 27th July. We expect that a decision 
should be handed down some time in Autumn 2021. 

Leading Counsel continues to advise that there are strong grounds to expect a positive appeal outcome, as the 
cited grounds for refusal are in direct conflict with the advice of its professional Planning and Highway Officers 
and their respective recommendations for approval.   

High Court Injunction  
During the 14 months prior to the writing of this report UKOG’s Horse Hill oil field was the subject of some 6 
short-lived  unlawful  incidents  by  a  small  group  of  protesters  carrying  out  their  actions  under  the  name  of 
Extinction Rebellion (“XR”). These actions were dealt with successfully by the police and on-site personnel and 
were of a temporary nature.  

Whilst the Company has never sought to obstruct any peaceful protest or curb the right to freedom of expression, 
solely  to  restrain  unlawful  activities  that  impede  its  staff’s  right  to  go  about  their  lawful  business,  it  sought 
additional protection from the High Court via an interim injunction defining those behaviours considered beyond 
the limits of reasonable peaceful protest.  

In  the  light  of  the  pandemic  and  Surrey  Police’s  increased  efficacy  in  dealing  with  slow  walks  on  the  public 
highway, the Company recently sought to invite the High Court to revise the scope of the injunction to focus 
upon Horse Hill and to retain protection solely from trespass into the site and obstruction of the site’s entrance. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

At  the  post  period  High  Court  Hearing  of  9th  February  2021,  Mrs.  Justice  Falk  DBE,  found  that  “there  was  a 
sufficiently real and imminent risk to justify the continuance of the interim injunction order and its revised scope, 
which prohibits trespass to the site’s land, obstruction of the main entrance and lorry surfing. The injunction is a 
reasonable and proportionate restriction on protesters’ activities. The order does not prevent slow walking or 
simply standing outside the site (to protest), provided that this does not physically obstruct anybody entering or 
leaving the site.” 

The judge also found that the Injunction should be extended to include six named protesters associated with XR. 
In addition, two named XR protesters, who trespassed into the site on 10th October 2020, offered undertakings 
to the court to abide by the terms of the injunction in return for UKOG not seeking to pursue committal for a 
breach of the injunction. 

The injunction now remains in force until a  final two-day  trial, to be heard on 28th June 2021. We trust that 
protesters will take heed of the Judge’s ruling. 

Horse Hill Judicial Review 
During the reporting period we learnt that opponents of Horse Hill had, at a third attempt, obtained consent for 
a judicial review (“JR”) of SCC’s September 2019 planning consent for long-term oil production at the site. As an 
interested party to SCC’s defence against the claim, UKOG ‘s counsel, David Elvin QC actively participated in the 
post period High Court hearing on 17-18th November 2020. 

Just before Christmas 2020, we were delighted to announce that, following the JR hearing, the Hon Mr. Justice 
Holgate  comprehensively  dismissed  the  challenge  to  the  lawfulness  of  SCC’s  planning  consent.  The  written 
judgement rejected the challenge's three grounds.   

This was a victory for planning law and common sense, although one can only wonder why a comprehensively 
unsound claim with a clear political agenda was permitted so many bites at the same legal cherry, it having been 
rejected for JR twice before. Justice Holgate made it abundantly clear in his judgement that the courts are not 
responsible for making political, social, or economic choices.  

Disappointingly, we have also just learnt that subsequent to the JR, the claimant (Finch) has been granted leave 
to appeal Mr Justice Holgate’s decision. We remain confident that based upon planning regulations and law, the 
Court of Appeal will arrive at the same conclusion as Justice Holgate. Interestingly, leave to appeal was granted 
by Mr Justice Lewison, the same judge who granted the JR to the claimant at the third attempt.  

The Company's production planning consent currently remains in full force. 

Energy White Paper 
To our opponents, many of whom fail to see the irony of burning oil to drive to oil & gas sites to protest, or to 
disregard  the  safety  and  health  of  others  by violating  the prevailing  Covid-19  gathering  and  social distancing 
regulations, I bring to their attention 2020’s Energy White Paper and the Climate Change Committee’s carbon 
budget, in which indigenous oil & gas remains a part of the UK's energy transition to net zero and beyond. 

This is because we not only need to keep the lights on while other energy sources transition to fill demand but 
will  also  continue  to  need  non-combusted  industrial  petroleum  feedstocks  to  manufacture  key  21st century 
materials. Without ready access to such materials there will be no electric vehicles, green aviation or wind turbine 
blades.  

On a simpler level we might also consider that the humble PPE the country continues to depend upon to combat 
the pandemic are also primarily derived from such non-combusted petroleum feedstocks. Where would we be 
without face masks and visors, gloves, protective gowns, aprons, syringes, sterile tubes and pipes in intubators 
and ventilators, catheters, let alone vital function computers and screens and much more? 

It must surely be preferable that such transitional fuel and vital feedstocks should come from domestic sources 
rather than those beyond the UK’s control and regulation. We have already seen during last year’s scramble for 
PPE what can happen if sectors are offshored.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

Our future energy and materials needs are a complex problem requiring complex solutions, not a simple yes or 
no approach. 

We also welcome the White Paper’s aim to “…provide opportunities for oil and gas companies to repurpose their 
operations away from unabated fossil fuels to abatement technologies such as carbon capture, utilisation and 
storage (CCUS) or clean energy production such as renewables and hydrogen.” At UKOG we plan to be part of 
today’s and tomorrow’s energy solution by diversifying our UK business to provide both energy and feedstocks 
from  hydrocarbons,  energy  from  gas  reformed  into  clean  hydrogen  and  via  new  geothermal  and  renewable 
energy opportunities. 

Finally, with the prospect of stable profitable production from Horse Hill, exciting new drilling in Turkey and a 
return to pre-Covid oil price levels, I now look forward with confidence to a more settled financial picture for 
the Company as we do everything in our control to bring more value to our shareholders. Our planned 
activities as well as our continued search for further ‘quality’ international production opportunities  

Stephen Sanderson 
Chief Executive 
 15 April 2021 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

UKOG continuously monitors its risk exposures and reports its review to the board of directors (“The Board”). 
The Board reviews these risks and focuses on ensuring effective systems of internal financial and non-financial 
controls are in place and maintained. 

Key Risk Areas 
The high-risk areas surrounding our existing business is tabulated below; the key areas are Strategic, Operational 
and Financial. 

Risk 

Strategic risks 

Exposure to political risk, we operate 
and may seek new opportunities in 
countries, regions and cities where 
political, economic and social transition 
may take place. Political instability, 
changes to the regulatory environment 
or taxation, international trade disputes 
and barriers to free trade, international 
sanctions, expropriation or 
nationalisation of property, civil strife, 
strikes, insurrections, acts of terrorism, 
acts of war and public health situations 
(including the continued impact of the 
COVID-19 pandemic or any future 
epidemic or pandemic) may disrupt or 
curtail our operations or development 
activities and could affect the ability of 
UKOG to deliver to its Strategy 

Operational risks 

Permitting risk, planning, environmental, 
licensing and other permitting risks 
associated with our operations 
particularly with exploration drilling 
operations. 

Exploration risk, the Company fails to 
locate and explore hydrocarbon-bearing 
prospects that have the potential to 
deliver commercially, e.g. key wells are 
dry or less successful than anticipated 

Oil production, oil is not produced in the 
anticipated quantities from the Group’s 
assets, or it cannot be produced 
economically 

Mitigation  

Magnitude and likelihood 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – Medium 

Through industry associations and 
direct contact, the Company engages 
with Government and other 
appropriate organisations to ensure 
the Company is kept abreast of 
expected potential changes and takes 
an active role in making appropriate 
representations. 

During the period the Company faced 
several challenges in obtianing all the 
required permits. This is despite 
UKOG’s compliance with regulations, 
proactive engagement with regulators, 
communities and the expertise and 
experience of the management teams. 
We believe this is because of changing 
priorities within the United Kingdom 
and the Company has sought to further 
diversify this risk by seeking 
investments outside the United 
Kingdom 

Analysis of available technical 
information to determine the work 
programme. Risk-sharing arrangements 
entered to reduce downside risk 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – High 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – High 

Analysis of available technical 
information to improve our 
understanding of the reservoir and 
continue to review cost structure to 
target low production costs 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – Medium 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (CONTINUED) 

Operational risks (continued) 

Price and markets, our financial 
performance is impacted by fluctuating 
prices of oil, gas and refined products. 
Oil, gas and product prices are subject to 
international supply and demand and 
margins can be volatile. Political 
developments, increased supply from 
new oil and gas or alternative low carbon 
energy sources, technological change, 
global economic conditions, public health 
situations (including the continued 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or any 
future epidemic or pandemic. 

Loss of key staff 

Financial risks 

Liquidity risk, exposure through its 
operations to liquidity risks. 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – High 

During the reporting period the Group 
entered into production at the Horse 
Hill assets. The Group determined that 
given its stage of development the 
costs of hedging would be prohibitive. 
The Group will keep this under review. 
At this point the Group continues to 
review costs where appropriate. 

Provide and maintain competitive 
remuneration packages to attract the 
right calibre of staff. Build a strong and 
unified team 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood – Low 

The Board regularly reviews UKOG’s 
cash flow forecast and the availability 
or adequacy of its current facilities to 
meet UKOG’s cash flow requirements 

Magnitude- High 
Likelihood - Medium 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW 

Whilst UKOG’s operational activities were concentrated on the Horse Hill oil field, located near Gatwick Airport, 
the Company has also pushed ahead with its other Weald Basin licences at Loxley and Arreton. In addition, we 
have significantly enhanced our business with the acquisition of a 50% non-operated working interest in the 305 
km² Resan licence in south east Turkey, containing the undeveloped Basur-Resan oil discovery. Applications for 
three further exploration licences containing geological lookalikes to Basur-Resan have also been submitted to 
the Turkish regulatory authorities, again with 50% non-operated working interests. 

Horse Hill Oil Field, PEDL137 and PEDL246 (UKOG 85.64%) 
The  field  and  surrounding  licence  is  operated  by  UKOG's  subsidiary  company  Horse  Hill  Developments  Ltd 
(“HHDL”) in which UKOG has 77.9% ownership. The Licensees are HHDL (65% interest) and UKOG (137/246) Ltd 
(35% interest). 

The  reporting  period  has  seen  an  unprecedented  level  of  operational  activity  at  Horse  Hill  including  drilling, 
continuous test production and several well intervention operations, including during the Covid-19 restrictions. 
It is testament to the team that these operational activities have been planned and executed successfully on 
budget  and  without  compromises  in  terms  of  health,  safety,  environmental  impact  and  quality  (“HSEQ”).  In 
addition to these operational activities, key regulatory approvals have been obtained for long term production.  

At the beginning of the reporting period, drilling operations for the new Horse Hill-2/2z (“HH-2/2z”) Portland well 
commenced with the British Drilling & Freezing 28 drilling rig spudding HH-2 on 29th September 2019. HH-2/2z, 
in the field's Portland oil pool, was designed to take Portland core and then be retained as a future horizontal 
production  well.  Planning  consent  for  long  term  oil  production  over  25  years  was  granted  by  Surrey  County 
Council on 27th September 2019. 

We continued with a significant amount of activity leading up to Christmas 2019. October 2019 saw simultaneous 
drilling  and  test  production  operations  at  Horse  Hill  with  continuous  Kimmeridge  oil  production  from  HH-1 
maintained during the HH-2/2z horizontal drilling campaign.  

In order to optimise the placement of the HH-2z horizontal section, the near vertical HH-2 borehole successfully 
acquired  241ft  of  Portland  core  and  electric  logs.  Following  completion  of  HH-2  operations  the  well  was 
successfully sidetracked and a 2,433ft long 6” horizontal section was drilled within the Portland reservoir. 

The horizontal drilling of the Portland HH-2z was completed in November 2019, with the length of the horizontal 
curtailed by the intersection with natural fractures in the reservoir and the onset of drilling mud losses at the toe 
of the well. All technical well construction, operational and HSEQ objectives of the HH2/2z drilling campaign were 
successfully achieved.  

Clean up and flow testing of HH-2z was conducted from December 2019 through to October 2020. Initial flow 
tests were encouraging with established rates up to 1087 bpd and oil cuts up to 60%. Unfortunately, as the test 
progressed  the  formation  water  cut  significantly  increased  to  over  70%  rendering  production  of  the  well 
technically and commercially challenging. A decision was made to undertake a water shut-off at the toe of the 
horizontal section.  

In early March, following the identification of the water ingress source via production logging, a plug was set 
over a zone of open natural fractures clustered at the deepest part or "toe" of the wellbore. Initial testing of HH-
2z  demonstrated  a  continuous  flow  of  dry  oil  to  surface, confirming  that  the  plug  had  eliminated  underlying 
formation water ingress into HH-2z. Testing continued but over time HH-2z oil production rates continued to be 
lower than expectations coinciding with rapidly increasing water cuts, thought to be from natural fractures along 
the wellbore. 

UKOG has now determined that the most commercial future usage for HH-2z is to utilise it as a water injector in 
the field rather than as a producer. This will both remove the need for expensive off-site water disposal via tanker 
and also help maximise oil reserves recovery by supporting reservoir pressure  

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW (CONTINUED) 

Operations continued at Horse Hill under Covid-19 restrictions with essential personnel only. No cases of Covid-
19 have been reported within the company’s operations. 

Also in March, the Oil and Gas Authority (“OGA”) approved the revised Horse Hill Field Development Plan and 
consented to the start of long-term production from the field, a significant milestone for Horse Hill. An addendum 
to  the  Field  Development  Plan  for  the  conversion  of  HH-2z  to  a  water  injector  has  been  submitted.  Other 
regulatory consents for water injection are underway, with permissions currently forecast for some time in Q2 
2021, subject to any pandemic related delays. 

In July, agreement was reached to purchase key surface facilities deployed at the Horse Hill site from facility 
owner PW Well Test. This acquisition allowed the rental contract to be terminated and operating costs per barrel 
to be significantly reduced by up to $4/bbl. Whilst some further facility addition and automation will be required 
over a period of time for long term production in line with Control Of Major Accident Hazards regulations, the 
acquisition allows Horse Hill to control this process, own and operate its equipment, manage maintenance and 
procedures  and  direct  hire  field  personnel.  In  addition,  the  acquisition  provides  production  continuity  and 
negates having to shut down the field for an extended period to design, build and commission new facilities.  

At  the  end  of  the  accounting  period,  further  well  intervention  operations  on  HH-1  were  safely  completed, 
optimising  oil  flow  by  isolating  the  Kimmeridge  perforations,  by  reperforating  the  full  Portland  oil  producing 
section, by insertion of a new simplified production tubing string and by setting the downhole pump at a deeper 
level to increase pumping efficiency. These improvements set HH-1 up for long term continuous and optimised 
oil production from the Portland. Water injection plus further infill development of both Portland (HH-3 well) 
and Kimmeridge (HH-4 well) offer upside for the Horse Hill field. 

Post-period  the  intervention  was  immediately  followed  by  an  ongoing  series  of  multi-week  production 
optimisation  trials  to  achieve  an  optimum  balance  between  oil  revenues  and  water  handling  and  other 
operational costs. Trials include well-cycling (i.e., shutting in the well for a set period each day to reduce water 
inflow) and pump fill optimisation. The trials continued for several months. Early results are encouraging, with 
stable oil and water influx levels achieved by early 2021.   

As  of  end-February,  over  137,000  bbl  of  Brent  quality  crude  had  been  produced  and  exported  from  the 
Kimmeridge and Portland pools. 

In line with the challenging oil price environment, significant further efforts have also been made in managing 
and reducing operational costs. From January 2020 to January 2021 our total operating costs have reduced by 
66%. The savings will help place Horse Hill in a good position to take advantage of the strengthening Brent crude 
prices seen in the past month. 

It is expected that further HH-3 Portland and HH-4 Kimmeridge infill wells will be planned in detail and drilled at 
Horse Hill. 

Loxley, Broadford Bridge, PEDL234 (UKOG (234) 100%) 
OGA approved an amendment to the PEDL234 Retention Area work programme, wherein Loxley-1 is to be drilled 
by December 2021. 

Following SCC’s initial 29th June 2020 planning committee meeting, in which the members voted by 6 to 5 against 
SCC's planning officer's recommendation to approve UKOG's Loxley planning application, the Company sent SCC 
a formal legal letter of complaint outlining a series of procedural and other legal issues that potentially affected 
the lawfulness of decisions made during the meeting. SCC also acknowledged that they received in excess of 100 
similar complaints alleging that there were procedural irregularities that invalidated the result. 

SCC decided that the Loxley Gas project should be redetermined post period on 27th November. However, again 
contrary to the recommendation of its own planning team, SCC refused Loxley planning consent. In February 
UKOG filed an appeal to the Planning Inspectorate, with our leading legal counsel advising that there are strong 
grounds to expect a positive appeal outcome. The appeal is to be heard via a public inquiry commencing on 27th 
July 2021. 

17 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW (CONTINUED) 

For the Loxley Portland gas discovery, Xodus Group provided an updated volumetric report which calculates the 
discovery contains a significant mean case gross gas initially in place ("GIIP"), i.e., gas in the ground before any 
future production) of 49 billion cubic feet ("bcf"). The portion of GIIP estimated to be recoverable to surface via 
any  future  production,  the  mean  gross  recoverable  resource,  is  cited  as  34  bcf,  representing  an  estimated 
recovery factor of approximately 70%. 

In June 2020 the Environment Agency ("EA") issued UKOG with the necessary permit to drill and test Loxley, 
covering all environmental aspects of the proposed scheme of works including a Loxley-1z sidetrack well. 

West Sussex County Council's ("WSCC") Planning Committee approved, by a significant 10-1 majority vote, a 2-
year  planning  permission  extension  to  its  Broadford  Bridge-1/1z  Kimmeridge  oil  discovery,  located  in  licence 
PEDL234 (UKOG 100%). The planning extension, which was recommended by WSCC's planning officer, will expire 
on 31st March 2022. 

Arreton, Isle of Wight, PEDL331 (UKOG 95%) 
UKOG filed a planning application with the Isle of Wight Council for the appraisal drilling and flow testing of the 
Arreton oil discovery. The Company has spent considerable time and undertaken much research to minimise the 
potential noise and visual impact of the site, which will be largely screened from public view.  

The Company has chosen a site adjacent to land which already supports non-agricultural commercial uses. The 
land immediately to the east supports the Wight Farm Anaerobic Digestion Energy Power Station and to the west 
supports the Blackwater Quarry and ancillary operations connected to the working of aggregates. Post period 
UKOG also filed a permit application with EA. 

Turkey, Resan Licence (UKOG 50%) 
Post period, in October 2020, UKOG completed a Participation Agreement and Joint Operating Agreement with 
Aladdin Middle East Ltd (“AME”), an independent oil company with 60 years of operational experience in Turkey, 
to take a 50% non-operated working interest in the 305 km² Resan Licence. UKOG will take an active technical 
role  in  a  4-well  oil  appraisal  and  step-out  exploration  drilling  programme  designed  primarily  to  assess  the 
commercial viability of the significant Basur-Resan oil discovery. The transaction was approved by the Turkish 
government and completed in January. 

The  Resan  Licence  lies  within  the  SE  Anatolian  basin,  a  geological  continuation  of  the  prolific  Zagros  "fold-
belt" petroleum system within the foothills of the Taurus-Zagros mountains in Iraq, Iran and Turkey, one of the 
Middle East's major oil producing areas. Multiple producing oil fields lie to the immediate west and south east 
of the Licence, containing significant proven recoverable reserves. 

In November 2020 UKOG quickly built on this exciting entry into Turkey by submitting an application for three 
further exploration licences covering four blocks, again with a 50% interest and AME as operator. The four blocks 
contain  identified  undrilled  geological  lookalikes  to  Basur-Resan.  UKOG  is  awaiting  the  Turkish  government’s 
decision on our application. 

Other Assets 
As operator of PEDL143 (UKOG 67.5%), UKOG carried out a detailed study examining the viability of drilling the 
A24 (formerly Holmwood) Portland prospect from selected sites outside the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding 
Natural Beauty, each over 3 km from the target. UKOG concluded that the required long-reach/shallow target-
depth wells were neither technically viable nor economically feasible. Consequently, UKOG and its partners have 
relinquished their interests in the licence. The associated investment into the licence has been written down. 

Stable oil production with low water cut continues from the Horndean oil field in Hampshire (UKOG 10%).  

UKOG completed the restoration and replanting of the Markwells Wood well site. UKOG also relinquished the 
related PEDL126 licence. 

Kris Bone  
Operations Director  
15 April 2021 

Matt Cartwright 
Commercial Director 
15 April 2021 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL REVIEW 

Income Statement 
During the period long term oil production commenced at Horse Hill via HH-1, which along with the oil production 
from  Horndean,  generated  revenues  of  £0.91  million  (2019:  £0.21  million).  However,  as  interventions  and 
optimisation work were required at HH-1 to achieve stable Portland production, overall costs for the year were 
necessarily higher than would be normally expected under any future stable production scenario (as is currently 
the case). These pre-stable production period costs thus resulted in a gross loss for the period of £1.63 million 
inclusive of Depletion, Depreciation and Amortisation costs of £1.37 million (2019 gross profit £0.12 million).  

The reporting period saw a significant reduction in Administration expenses from £3.94 million during the period 
ending 30 September 2019 to £1.76 million during the period ending September 2020.  

As Horse Hill was granted regulatory permissions to commence long-term oil production via HH-1, the investment 
in HH-1 was transferred from an exploration and evaluation asset to tangible assets. This was initially transferred 
at the carrying value and subsequently impaired.  Based on a net present value calculation of HH-1, £4.783 million 
was capitalised as a tangible asset. The carrying value of our investments in HH-1 was higher than £5.03 million 
and therefore the variance was impaired and expensed during the year. The lower net present value assessment 
was primarily due to a combination of lower than expected flow rates resulting from earlier than expected water 
ingress and slightly lower than expected Brent crude oil prices.  

Therefore,  alongside  our  relinquishment  of  the  PEDL143  licence  there  has  been  an  Impairment  expenses  of 
£14.195 million (2019: £0.02 million).  

In addition, at Horse Hill the investment in HH-2/2z of £5.79 million was written down due to the sub-economic 
flow rates, again resulting from early and significant water ingress. Going forwards, and as detailed above, HH-
2z is now scheduled to be utilised as a water injector to support reservoir pressure for HH-1. 

The net effect of the above was to increase the retained losses for the year (i.e. the total over the Company’s 
history) to £19.04 million compared to £5.39 million in the previous financial year. 

Balance Sheet 
During 2020, as a result of the effects of the impairments and write downs to our exploration and oil & gas assets, 
non-current  assets  decreased  to  £37.78  million  (2019:  £46.65  million).  These  were  charged  to  the  income 
statement  as  highlighted  above.  Total  current  assets  decreased  from  £8.07  million  at  30  September  2019  to 
£2.38  million  at  30  September  2020.  The  main  reduction  in  current  assets  being  in  our  cash  position  which 
reduced from £6.89 million at 30 September 2019 to £1.63 million at 30 September 2020. 

Our  total  liabilities  decreased  to  £5.07  million  (2019:  £13.50  million)  which  was  as  a  result  of  repaying  our 
convertible loan note in its entirety and reducing our trade and other payables.  

Cash Flow and Financing 
During  the  reporting  period  net  cash  outflow  from  operating  activities  prior  to  cash  outflows  in  relation  to 
investing  activities  was  £2.77  million  (2019:  cash  outflow  of  £5.73  million).  The  reduced  outflow  is  primarily 
attributable to lower administration costs.  

UKOG raised £7.73 million during the reporting period via the issue of equity, which along with the cash and cash 
equivalents at the beginning of the period of £6.89 million was used primarily to fund our investing activities 
(£7.74 million). In addition, the funds raised were used to fully repay the outstanding balance of our convertible 
loan notes and associated fees (£1.83 million).  

As a result, UKOG had a £5.23 million net decrease in cash, and £1.63 million in cash and cash equivalents at the 
end of the period. 

Kiran Morzaria 
Finance Director 
15 April 2021 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 

UKOG  has  adopted  both  financial  and  non-financial  key  performance  indicators  (KPI’s)  to  measure  progress 
against our strategy. These KPI’s will develop and new ones added as we progress our strategy. 

Financial KPI’s 

Production (bopd) 

Operating costs (£/bbl)* 

Operating Cashflow £m 

Year 
(bopd)  128 

2020 

2019 
137 

Year 
(£/bbl)  28 

2020 

2019 
18 

Year 
£m 

2020 
(2.77) 

2019 
(5.74) 

HH-1 entered into 
production during March 
and are included in the 
current year rates. The 
rates are reported on a 
gross basis 

During March 2020 HH-1 
entered into production, 
however, due to optimisations 
and interventions which were 
carried out during the period 
costs were elevated and have 
reduced since stable 
production was reached. 

Operating cash outflows 
reduced during the reporting 
period as a result of lower 
administrative expenses. 

Reason for choice 

How we measure 

Operating costs per bbl will be 
a key focus for our operations 
and the focus for the 
Company will be to keep 
these costs low so as to 
improve the cash we can 
generate from our producing 
assets. Currently the 
operating costs are in relation 
to our ownership of the 
Horndean oil field (10% 
ownership), which is not 
under our control and the 
Horse Hill oil field of which we 
own 85.635% 

Operating costs will be 
monitored closely, to ensure 
that budget targets are being 
met. 

The Company production 
will provide operating 
cashflow to fund our 
investments and deliver 
shareholder value. At this 
point in time we receive 
production from our 
ownership in the 
Horndean oil field which is 
not under our control and 
the Horse Hill oil field of 
which we own 85.635% 

Daily and weekly 
production is monitored 
for all producing assets 
and reported to senior 
management. Production 
forecasts are prepared 
during the year to 
measure progress against 
the production target. 

Our cashflow is key to 
providing funding investing in 
the business and pursue our 
strategy. This has to date 
predominantly been via 
equity and debt funding  

Cashflow forecasts are 
reported to the Board on a 
regular basis, to ensure our 
progress is within our budget. 
Long-term forecasts are also 
provided to ensure that the 
strategy of the business can 
be adequately funded 

* Operating costs exclude depreciation of the oil asset and indirect management charges from UKOG 

Non-Financial KPI’s 

Reason for choice 

How we measure 

Lost time injuries (LTI & LTI Frequency) 
2020 – 0, LTI Frequency 0; 2019 – 0, LTI Frequency 0 
Health & safety is our highest priority and we look to provide the highest level of protection 
to all our stakeholders 
We track HSE lagging indicators during the year, which are reported to the Board. We aim to 
have zero LTI’s. If we have an LTI it is investigated and a clear remedial action is identified and 
implemented 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RESERVES AND RESOURCES 

The reporting period saw significant material growth across all net attributable reserve and resource categories, 
with mid or P50 case contingent resources more than doubling in 2020 (see Table 1, below).  

Total aggregate net discovered 2C (mid case) contingent resources and 2P (mid case) reserves now stand at 37.48 
mmboe, the largest in the Company’s history.  

Table 1: Significant growth in UKOG net attributable reserves & resources during the reporting period 

Period 

2019-20 
2018-19 

Increase (%) 

UKOG 2P Reserves 
(producing, mmbbl) 

UKOG 2C Resources 
(discovered, mmboe) 

0.13 
0.11 

13% 

37.35 
16.30 

129% 

UKOG P50 Prospective 
Resources  
(undiscovered, mmbbl) 

13.38 
10.00 

34% 

Contingent  resources  (i.e.,  recoverable  resources  discovered  by  drilling,  see  Table  3,  below)  increased 
significantly, with net 2C (mid or P50 case) resources increasing by 129% compared to the last reporting period.  
The increase was primarily via the acquisition of the Basur-Resan discovery in Turkey (net UKOG 2C 15.3 mmbbl) 
and by the addition of recoverable Loxley gas volumes from Xodus’ September 2020 competent person’s (“CP”) 
volumetric study (net UKOG 5.5 mmboe or 32 bcf).   

The  Company’s  net  attributable  reserves  increased  by  13%  versus  last  year  due  to  better  than  predicted 
performance  at  the  Horndean  field,  where  the  past  year’s  production  history  demonstrated  a  lower  than 
expected field decline rate.  

At Horse Hill, the start of long term Portland production from HH-1 has clearly added proven producing, probable 
and possible reserves. However, following October 2020’s intervention and subsequent production optimisation 
trials, which concluded in January 2021, there has only been a few months ‘stable’ producing conditions to assess 
well declines upon which to base reserves.   

Consequently, as CP’s generally require around a minimum of one year’s stable production history to adequately 
capture  and  predict  the  longer  term  decline  performance  of  a  well  (Horndean’s  performance,  as  above, 
demonstrates the importance of a year-long decline period), it was decided that the best practice was to assess 
reserves  only  when  a  more  robust  and  fully  representative  decline  curve  analysis  could  be  undertaken.  The 
Company will thus wait until the next reporting period to calculate the field’s reserves following the first full year 
of stable production. 

For guidance purposes only, the Company’s qualified persons (“QP”) consider that the 1C value of 0.6 mmbbl 
carried  for  Horse  Hill  in  Table  3,  below,  provides  a  reasonably  representative  view  of  HH-1’s  likely  technical 
recoverable Portland reserves at the end of 2020. UKOG’s QP’s also currently expect that much of Horse Hill’s 
Portland  contingent  resources,  less  produced  volumes,  will  likely  transfer  into  reserves  following  a  future 
external CP review. 

Discovered prospective resources (i.e., undiscovered but drill ready within identified exploration prospects) also 
significantly increased, with the best case (mid or P50 case) rising by 34% from last year. This is primarily due to 
the addition of Prospect A in the Turkey Resan M47-b1,b2 licence, which more than offsets the relinquishment 
of the A24 prospect in PEDL143. 

Should the Company’s joint application with AME for four further exploration blocks to the south and southwest 
of the Resan licence, prove successful, it is likely that net attributable contingent and prospective resources could 
both increase by a further significant amount. The identified extensions to oil discoveries and undrilled leads and 
prospects within these four blocks are currently estimated to be of similar size to the Company’s Basur-Resan 
discovery. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RESERVES AND RESOURCES (CONTINUED) 

Table 2: Recoverable Reserves mmbbl: Producing Fields, Gross and Net (as of 31 December 2020) 

Asset 

UKOG  % 
Interest 

1P 

2P 

3P 

Gross mmbbl 

Net Attributable mmbbl 

Horndean 1 

10 

1.12 

1.26 

1.41 

TOTAL (mmbbl)² ³ 

1P 

0.11 

0.11 

2P 

0.13 

0.13 

3P 

0.14 

0.14 

Operator 

IGas 

Notes:  
1.  DeGolyer  and  MacNaughton  (“D&M”)  for  IGas  Feb  2021,  2.  Horse  Hill  reserve  volumes  await  external  CP  verification 
following 12 months of stable production history, see text above, 3. Avington is temporarily shut-in, consequently no reserves 
are attributable, recoverable resources shown in Table 3 below. 

Table 3: Contingent Resources mmbbl/mmboe (i.e., discovered and drill ready recoverable volumes)  

Asset 

Licence 

UKOG 
% 

Gross 
mmbbl/mmboe 

1C 

2C 

3C 

mean 

M47 
b1, b2 

50 

14.9 

30.5 

67.0 

37.2 

Net Attributable 
mmbbl/mmboe 

2C 

3C 

mean 

Operator 

15.3 

33.5 

18.6 

AME 

1C 

7.5 

PEDL137 

85.64 

0.6 

1.5 

3.6 

1.9 

0.5 

1.3 

3.1 

1.6 

HHDL 

PEDL137 

85.64 

PEDL234 

100 

PEDL331 

PEDL331 

PEDL070 
PL211 

95 

95 

5 
10 

0.4 

3.1 

1.4 

6.2 

0.5 
0.3 

1.6 

5.5 

3.7 

6.1 

9.3 

10.3 

2.7 

5.9 

5.1 

0.3 

3.1 

1.3 

1.4 

5.5 

3.5 

5.2 

9.3 

9.8 

2.3 

5.9 

4.9 

HHDL 

UKOG 

UKOG 

10.8 

17.6 

11.5 

5.9 

10.3 

16.7 

11.0 

UKOG 

0.7 
0.8 

1.0 
1.3 

0.7 
0.8 

0.03 
0.03 

0.04 
0.08 

0.05 
0.13 

0.04 
0.08 

IGas 
IGas 

18.6 

37.3 

77.8 

44.4 

Turkey,  
Basur-Resan 4 
Horse-Hill 
Portland 1 
Horse-Hill 
Kimmeridge 6 
Loxley Gas 3 ,5 
Arreton 
Portland 1 
Arreton 
Oolite 1 
Avington 2 
Horndean 2 
TOTAL 
mmboe 

Notes: 
1. Xodus June 2018, estimates for Horse Hill are deterministic based upon per well recoveries, 2. D&M for IGas Feb 2021, 
estimates for Horndean and Avington are deterministic, not probabilistic, 3. Xodus September 2020, probabilistic based upon 
range  of  recovery  factors,  4.  Xodus  June  2020,  probabilistic  based  upon  range  of  recovery  factors,  5.  1  million  bbl  oil 
equivalent (mmboe) = 5.8 bcf, 6. RPS Jun 2019. 

Table 4: Prospective Resources (i.e., exploration, drill ready but as yet undiscovered recoverable volumes)  

Asset 

Licence 

UKOG % 

Gross mmbbl 

Net Attributable mmbbl 

Low 

Best 

High  Mean 

Low 

Best 

High   Mean 

Turkey, Prospect A 2  M47 b1,b2 
Godshill Portland 1 
Arreton North 1 

PEDL331 

PEDL331 

TOTAL  

50 

95 

95 

4.0 

1.7 

0.5 

8.7 

6.8 

2.7 

17.0 

17.4 

7.6 

9.9 

8.6 

3.6 

2.0 

1.6 

0.5 

4.1 

4.4 

6.5 

2.6 

13.4 

8.5 

16.5 

7.2 

32.3 

5.0 

8.2 

3.4 

16.6 

Notes: 
1.  Xodus  June  2018,  Godshill  possesses  the  same  underlying  Lower  Oolite  potential  as  Arreton  but  this  target  was  not 
reviewed by Xodus in 2018, to be included in any subsequent external CP review, 2. Xodus June 2020 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HEALTH, SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 

UKOG is committed to providing, so far as is reasonably practicable, a quality working environment that is safe 
and one that poses no risks to the health and safety of our employees, contractors, the local community and 
stakeholders.   

The  health  &  safety  of  employees  and  the  public,  and  the  protection  of  the  environment  are  core  business 
objectives of UKOG. They rank equally with the company’s other business objectives.  

Health,  safety  and  environmental  (HSE)  risks  associated  with  the  business  practices  of  UKOG  are  addressed 
through the effective implementation of our HSE Policy, which is designed to ensure that every person who works 
for UKOG is responsible for ensuring that health and safety is managed in all aspects of our business.  

The Company’s HSE aspirations are: “get it right, first time, every time with no accidents, no harm to people, the 
ecology and the environment”.  

To  achieve  the  identified  objectives,  we  will  ensure  that  all  necessary  and  reasonable  resources  are  made 
available. We will confirm that objectives are being met by reviewing and reporting on performance and auditing 
the implementation and operation of UKOG’s HSE Management System. 

Our full HSE framework is available on our website: http://www.ukogplc.com/page.php?pID=101 

Health & Safety Review 
UKOG has completed drilling and testing operations and initiated production activities at Horse Hill. In addition, 
the Markwells Wood well site was restored and re-planted. 

There were no lost time injuries on any of UKOG’s sites during the reporting period or post period. The lost time 
injury frequency was also zero. Two minor injuries occurred during Horse Hill-2z drilling operations. There was 
also  a  minor  fire  in  the  engine  housing  of  the  BDF28  drilling  rig.  The  fire  was  quickly  extinguished  by  site 
operatives, without injury. 

The Environment Agency (EA) and Health and Safety Executive made a number of site visits, linked to Horse Hill 
well operations and production equipment. 

The Competent Authority (CA) under Regulation 6 of the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations (2015) 
(“COMAH”) was notified of the intention of the Horse Hill site to operate as a COMAH facility. UKOG is engaged 
with the CA to define a scope for Horse Hill to operate within COMAH regulations following its transition from 
well test to long-term production.  

UKOG continues to keep good housekeeping standards on its sites. The Company continuously monitors all its 
live operations for noise, ensuring noise from its sites is kept to a minimum and is compliant with the levels set 
by the relevant site planning approval. UKOG only utilises service companies that can demonstrate commitment 
to our HSE standards. 

Any complaints received are reviewed and responded to. Communication links have been established with the 
residents close to our sites, who can call UKOG at any time. 

At  Horse  Hill,  the  Company  successfully  operated  an  enclosed  flare  for  the  well  testing  programme  and  in 
production operations. The flare, commonly used at landfill sites, is clean burning, without odour and produces 
low emissions. It was the first such clean-burn, fully enclosed flare employed in the UK onshore oil & gas industry. 

Community Engagement 
Our plans to be as open as possible on our dealings with local residents, particularly at Horse Hill, were hampered 
by illegal activities by Extinction Rebellion. On one occasion, we invited dozens of our neighbours to visit the site, 
but were forced to cancel at short notice because the date and time of the visit was leaked to activists who had 
threatened to disrupt the meeting. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HEALTH, SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (CONTINUED) 

Because of our strict Covid-19 policy to ensure the safety of our staff and visitors, we kept visits to Horse Hill to 
a minimum. 

Ahead of submitting a planning application to the Isle of Wight Council, UKOG held a Community Engagement 
Day for Arreton residents in mid-December 2019. The seven-hour exhibition was attended by an estimated 150 
neighbours and interested parties, including local politicians and councillors. 

The Company meets and communicates regularly with local police to give operational updates. 

Route to Development 
UKOG  operates  within  a  highly  regulated  industry,  led  by  the  Oil  and  Gas  Authority,  a  Government  agency 
reporting to the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, who among other things are responsible 
for  checking  a  company’s  financial  and  operational  competency  before  issuing  a  Petroleum  Exploration  and 
Development Licence (“PEDL”) and other regulatory approvals. 

Once a potential site has been identified, UKOG must secure landowner consent and a land lease to operate on 
the land, before EA assess any risk to water and air quality, as well as the arrangements for waste management. 

In parallel with seeking EA permits, discussions with local planning authorities begin. They in turn seek the 
views of the local community and statutory consultees. The Health and Safety Executive also regulates and 
monitors all onshore oil & gas exploration and production activities. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ SECTION 172 STATEMENT 

The following disclosure describes how the Directors have had regard to the matters set out in section 172(1)(a) 
to (f) and forms the Directors’ statement required under section 414CZA of The Companies Act 2006. This new 
reporting requirement is made in accordance with the new corporate governance requirements identified in The 
Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 2018, which apply to company reporting on financial years 
starting on or after 1 January 2019. 

The matters set out in section 172(1) (a) to (f) are that a Director must act in the way they consider, in good 
faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole, 
and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to: 

•  the likely consequences of any decisions in the long term; 
•  the interests of the company’s employees; 
•  the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers/customers and others; 
•  the impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; 
•  the company’s reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 
•  the need to act fairly between members of the company. 

As set out above in the Strategic Report the Board remains focused on providing for shareholders through the 
long term success of the Company. The means by which this is achieved is set out further below. 

Likely Consequences of any Decisions in the Long Term 
The  Chairman’s  Statement,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  Commentary  and  the  Strategic  Review  set  out  the 
Company’s strategy. In applying this strategy, particularly in seeking new projects and developing current ones 
to deliver reserves and resource growth. The Board assesses the long term future of our projects and investments 
with a view to shareholder return. The approach to general strategy and risk management strategy of the group 
is set out in the Statement of Compliance with the QCA Code of Practice (Principles 1 and 4) on pages 27 to 28. 

Interest of Employees 
The Group has a very limited number of employees and all have direct access to the Executive Directors on a 
daily basis and to the Chairman, if necessary. The Group has a formal Employees’ Policy manual which includes 
processes for confidential report and whistleblowing. 

Need to Foster the Company’s Business Relationships with Suppliers/Customers and Others 
The Group continuously interacts with a variety of suppliers and customers important to its success. The Group 
strives to strike the right balance between engagement and communication. Furthermore, the Company works 
within  the  limitations  of  what  can  be  disclosed  to  the  various  stakeholders  with  regards  to  maintaining 
confidentiality of market and/or commercially sensitive information. Our suppliers are fundamental to ensuring 
that  the  Group  can  execute  its  development  and  production  strategy  on  time  and  on  budget.  Using  quality 
suppliers ensures that as a business we meet the high standards of performance that we expect of ourselves and 
vendor partners. Our management team work closely with our suppliers, via one on one meetings and where 
possible supplier site visits and facility reviews to ensure our suppliers are able to meet our requirements. 

Impact of the Company’s Operations on the Community and Environment 
The Group takes its responsibility within the community and wider environment seriously. Its approach to its 
social responsibilities is set out in the Statement of Compliance with the QCA Code of Practice (Principle 3) on 
page 27. 

The Desirability of the Company Maintaining a Reputation for High Standards of Business Conduct 
The Directors are committed to high standards of business conduct and governance and have adopted the QCA 
Code of Practice which is set out on pages 27 to 29. Where there is a need to seek advice on particular issues, 
the Board will consult with its lawyers and nominated advisers to ensure that its reputation for good business 
conduct is maintained. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ SECTION 172 STATEMENT (CONTINUED) 

The Need to Act Fairly Between Members of the Company 
The Board’s approach to shareholder communication is set out in the Statement of Compliance with the QCA 
Code of Practice (Principle 2) on page 27. The Company aims to keep shareholders fully informed of significant 
developments in the Group’s progress. Information is disseminated through Stock Exchange announcements, 
website updates and, where appropriate, video-casts. 

During  2020  the  Company  issued  numerous  stock  exchange  announcements  on  operational  issues.  All 
information is made available to all shareholders at the same time and no individual shareholder, or group of 
shareholders, is given preferential treatment. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Introduction to Governance 
The Directors recognise that good corporate governance is a key foundation for the long-term success of the 
Company.  As  the  Company  is  listed  on  the  AIM  market  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  and  is  subject  to  the 
continuing  requirements  of  the  AIM  Rules.  The  Board  has  therefore  adopted  the  principles  set  out  in  the 
Corporate  Governance  Code  for  small  and  midsized  companies  published  by  the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance 
(“QCA Code”). The principles are listed below with an explanation of how the Company applies each principle, 
and the reasons for any aspect of non-compliance. 

1. Establish a strategy and business model which promote long- term value for shareholders 

UK Oil & Gas PLC provides shareholders with a full discussion of corporate strategy within our Annual Report. A 
dedicated section explains how we will establish long term shareholder value, as set out on page 3. 

The Company is focused around 3 key strategic goals: Increase production and recovery from its existing asset 
portfolio, grow the asset portfolio through select onshore development and appraisal projects, actively manage 
costs and risks through operational and management control of the entire process of exploring, appraising and 
developing its assets.  

The Management team actively evaluates projects that simultaneously de-risk the current portfolio and create 
long-term shareholder value. Projects are evaluated based on many characteristics to mitigate risk to our current 
activities they include but are not limited to alignment with the Company’s core competencies, geography, time 
horizon and value creation. Further, a core component of the Company’s activities includes an active dialogue 
with our legal and legislative advisors to ensure the Company remains up to date on current legislation, policy 
and compliance issues.  

Key business challenges and how they may be mitigated are detailed in the Strategic Report on pages 14 to 15. 

2. Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

UKOG  encourages  two-way  communication  with  institutional  and  private  investors.  The  Company’s  major 
shareholders maintain an active dialogue to and ensure that their views are communicated fully to the Board. 
Where  voting  decisions  are  not  in  line  with  the  company’s  expectations  the  Board  will  engage  with  those 
shareholders to understand and address any issues. The Company Secretary is the main point of contact for such 
matters. 

The  Company  seeks  out  appropriate  platforms  to  communicate  to  a  broad  audience  its  current  activities, 
strategic goals and broad view of the sector and other related issues. This includes but is not limited to media 
interviews, website videos in -person investor presentations and written content. 

Communication to all stakeholders is the direct responsibility of the Senior Management team. Managers work 
directly with professionals to ensure all inquiries (through established channels for this specific purpose such as 
email  or  phone)  are  addressed  in  a  timely  matter.  And  that  the  Company  communicates  with  clarity  on  its 
proprietary internet platforms. Senior management routinely provides interviews to local media, and business 
reporters in support of the company’s activities. The Board routinely reviews the Company communication policy 
and programmes to ensure the quality communication with all stakeholders. 

3. Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for long-term success 

In all endeavours, the Company gives due consideration to the impact on its neighbours. The Company seeks out 
methodologies, processes and expertise in order to address the concerns of the non-investment community. As 
such, it actively identifies the bespoke needs of local communities and their respective planners. 

For example, the company provides for local hotlines and establishes community liaison groups to address local 
questions and concerns. 

UKOG seeks to maintain positive relationships within the communities we operate. As such, UKOG is dedicated 
to ensuring: 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

• Open and honest dialogue; 
• Engagement with stakeholders at all stages of development; 
• Proactively address local concerns; 
• Actively minimise impact on our neighbours; and 
• Adherence to a strict health and safety code of conduct 

As a responsible OGA approved and EA permitted UK operator, UKOG is committed to utilising industry best 
practices and achieving the highest standards of environmental management and safety. 

Our operations: 

• Continuously assess and monitor environmental impact; 
• Promote internally and across our industry best practices for environmental management and safety; and 
• Constant attention to maintaining our exemplary track record of safe oil & gas production. 

For more information please refer to page 23 of the Annual Report as well as the Community section within the 
Company’s corporate website. 

4. Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organization 

Risk Management on pages 14 to 15 of the Annual Report details risks to the business, how these are mitigated 
and the change in the identified risk over the last reporting period. 

The Board considers risk to the business at every Board meeting (at least 4 meetings are held each year) and the 
risk register is updated at each meeting. The Company formally reviews and documents the principal risks to the 
business at least annually. 

Both the Board and senior managers are responsible for reviewing and evaluating risk and the Executive Directors 
meet  at  least  monthly  to  review  ongoing  trading  performance,  discuss  budgets  and  forecasts  and  new  risks 
associated with ongoing trading. 

5. Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair 

Oversight  of  UKOG  is  performed  by  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors.  Allen  Howard,  the  Non-Executive 
Chairman, is responsible for the running of the Board and Stephen Sanderson, the Chief Executive, has executive 
responsibility  for  running  the  Company’s business  and  implementing  Company  strategy.  All  Directors  receive 
regular and timely information regarding the Company’s operational and financial performance.  

Relevant information is circulated to the Directors in advance of meetings. In addition, minutes of the meetings 
of the Directors of the UK subsidiaries are circulated to the Board. All Directors have direct access to the advice 
and services of the Company Secretary and are able to take independent professional advice in the furtherance 
of the duties, if necessary, at the company’s expense. 

The Board comprises two Executive Directors and two Non-Executive Directors with a mix of significant industry 
and business experience within public companies. The Board considers that all Non-Executive Directors bring an 
independent judgement to bear. All Directors must commit the required time and attention to thoroughly fulfil 
their duties. 

The  Board  has  a  formal  schedule  of  matters  reserved  to  it  and  is  supported  by  the  Audit,  Remuneration, 
Nomination and AIM Rules compliance committee. The Schedule of Matters Reserved and Committee Terms of 
Reference are available on the Company’s website and can be accessed on the Corporate Governance page of 
the website. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

6. Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities 

The Nomination Committee will determine the composition of the Board of the Company and appointment of 
senior employees. It will develop succession plans as necessary and report to the Directors. Where new Board 
appointments are considered the search for candidates is conducted, and appointments are made, on merit, 
against objective criteria and with due regard for the benefits of diversity on the Board, including gender. 

The Company Secretary supports the Chairman in addressing the training and development needs of Directors. 

As a small company, all members of the Board share responsibility for all Board functions. As such the Board will 
from time to time engage outside consultants to provide an independent assessment. 

7. Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 

The Board intends to carry out an internal evaluation on individual Directors on an ad-hoc basis in the form of 
peer  reviews  and  appraisals.  The  individual  reviews  and  appraisals  are  used  to  identify  group  and  individual 
targets which are reviewed and assessed at the end of the financial year. 

8. Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

The Company is committed to maintaining and promoting high standards of business integrity. Company values, 
which incorporate the principles of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) and sustainability, guide the Company's 
relationships  with  clients,  employees  and  the  communities  and  environment  in  which  we  operate.  The 
Company's  approach  to  sustainability  addresses  both  our  environmental  and  social  impacts,  supporting  the 
Company's  vision  to  remain  an  employer  of  choice,  while  meeting  client  demands  for  socially  responsible 
partners. 

Company  policy  strictly  adheres  to  local  laws  and  customs  while  complying  with  international  laws  and 
regulations. These policies have been integral in the way group companies have done business in the past and 
will continue to play a central role in influencing the Group's practice in the future. 

The ethical values of UKOG including health, safety, environmental, social and community and relationships, are 
set out on page 23 of the Annual Report. 

9. Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making 

by the Board 

The  Company  has  adopted  a  model  code  for  directors'  dealings  and  persons  discharging  managerial 
responsibilities appropriate for an AIM company, considering the requirements of the Market Abuse Regulations 
"MAR"), and take reasonable steps to ensure compliance is also applicable to the Company's employees (AIM 
Rule 21 in relation to directors' dealings). 

The Corporate Governance Statement details the company’s governance structures, the role and responsibilities 
of  each  director.  Details  and  members  of  the  Audit  Committee,  Remuneration  Committee,  Nomination 
Committee and AIM Rules compliance committee can be found on from page 27 to page 33. 

10.  Communicate  how  the  company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 

The Company encourages two- way communication with both its institutional and private investors and responds 
quickly to all queries received. The Chief Executive talks regularly with the Company’s major shareholders and 
ensures that their views are communicated fully to the Board. 

The Board recognises the AGM as an important opportunity to meet private shareholders. The Directors are 
available to listen to the views of shareholders informally immediately following the AGM. 

To the extent that voting decisions are not in line with expectations, the Board will engage with shareholders to 
understand and address any issues. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

In addition to the investor relations activities carried out by the Company as set out above, and other relevant 
disclosures included on this Investor Relations section of the Company’s website, reports on the activities of 
each of the Committees during the year will be set out in the Annual Report. 

While building a strong governance framework we also try to ensure that we take a proportionate approach and 
that  our  processes  remain  fit  for  purpose  as  well  as  embedded  within  the  culture  of  our  organisation.  We 
continue  to  evolve  our  approach  and  make  ongoing  improvements  as  part  of  building  a  successful  and 
sustainable company. 

Board of Directors 
The  Board  consists  of  a  team  of  experienced  multidisciplinary  members  who  are  committed  to  delivering 
shareholder value. 

Allen D Howard, Non-Executive Chairman 
Allen  Howard  was  Senior  Vice  President  of  Houston-based  Premier  Oilfield  Laboratories,  having  been  Chief 
Operating Officer of well analysis experts Nutech. Allen also held senior positions with Schlumberger. He holds a 
degree in Chemical Engineering from Texas Tech University and an MBA from Mays Business School in Texas. 

Stephen Sanderson, Chief Executive 
Stephen Sanderson joined UK Oil & Gas PLC in September 2014 was appointed Executive Chairman and Chief 
Executive in July 2015 and in August 2018 ceded his role as Executive Chairmen to Allen D Howard as part of 
UKOG  improvements  in  corporate  governance.  A  highly  experienced petroleum  geologist,  oil  industry 
veteran and upstream energy business leader, with over 30 years operating experience, Stephen is a proven oil 
finder and has been instrumental in the discovery of more than 12 commercial conventional fields, including the 
Norwegian Smorbuk-Midgaard field complex.  

Stephen held a variety of senior management roles for ARCO (which was acquired by BP in 2000), Wintershall 
AG (a subsidiary of German chemical giant BASF) and three junior start-ups. He created and ran successful new 
exploration  businesses  in  Africa,  Europe  and  South  America.  He  has  significant  technical  and  commercial 
expertise in the petroleum systems of Africa, the North Sea, Norway, onshore UK & Europe, South America, the 
South Atlantic, Middle East, Asia, India, Australia and the USA. He is a graduate and Associate of the Royal School 
of Mines, Imperial College, London, a Fellow of the Geological Society of London and a member of the American 
Association of Petroleum Geologists.  

Kiran Morzaria, Finance Director 
Kiran Morzaria holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Industrial Geology) from the Camborne School of Mines and an 
MBA (Finance) from CASS Business School. He has extensive experience in the mineral resource industry working 
in both operational and management roles. Mr Morzaria spent the first four years of his career in exploration, 
mining and civil engineering.  He then obtained his MBA and became the Finance Director of Vatukoula Gold 
Mines Plc for seven years. He has served as a director of a number of public companies in both an executive and 
non-executive capacity; he is a non-executive director of European Metals Holdings Ltd and the Chief Executive 
Officer for Cadence Minerals Plc. 

Nicholas Mardon Taylor, Non-Executive Director  
Nicholas  Mardon  Taylor  served  as  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  Hurricane  Energy  PLC  from  May  2012  until 
January 2016. He has worked in the oil industry for over 35 years, his first involvement in the North Sea being in 
the early licensing rounds. He was with Hurricane from 2005 to January 2016 when he was the Company’s first 
CFO and was subsequently responsible for the Company’s Environmental Management System. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

Board and Committee Membership 

Member 
Allen D Howard 
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor 

Board Title 
Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive 
Finance Director 
Non-Executive Director 

The Board and its Committees 

Audit Committee Title 
Member 

Remuneration Committee Title 
Member 

Chairman 

Chairman 

The  Board  of  the  Company  consists  of  two  Executive  Directors  and  two  Non-Executive  Directors.  The  Non-
Executive Directors are not considered independent under the FRC Code as they hold options in the Company. 
However, the Board considers that the Non-Executive Directors are independent of management under all other 
measures and is able to exercise independence of judgement. 

The Board is responsible for formulating, reviewing and approving the Company’s strategy, financial activities 
and operating performance. Day-to-day management is devolved to the executive directors, who are charged 
with  consulting  the  Board  on  all  significant  financial  and  operational  matters.  The  Board  retains  ultimate 
accountability for governance and is responsible for monitoring the activities of the executive team. 

The  roles  of  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  are  split  in  accordance  with  best  practice.  The  Chairman  has  the 
responsibility of ensuring that the Board discharges its responsibilities. The Chairman is also responsible for the 
leadership and effective working of the Board, for setting the Board agenda, and ensuring that Directors receive 
accurate, timely and clear information. No one individual has unfettered powers of decision. 

The two Executive Directors are the Chief Executive and Finance Director. The Chief Executive has the overall 
responsibility for creating, planning, implementing, and integrating the strategic direction of the Company. This 
includes responsibility for all components and departments of the business. The Chief Executive ensures that the 
organisation's leadership maintains constant awareness of both the external and internal competitive landscape, 
opportunities for expansion, customer base, markets, new industry developments and standards. 

The  Finance  Director  works  alongside  the  Chief  Executive  and  has  overall  control  and  responsibility  for  all 
financial  aspects  of  company  strategy.  The  Finance  Director  takes  overall  responsibility  of  the  Company’s 
accounting function and ensures that Company’s financial systems are robust, compliant and support current 
activities  and  future  growth.  The  Finance  Director  will  coordinate  corporate  finance  and  manage  company 
policies regarding capital requirements, debt, taxation, equity and acquisitions as appropriate. 

The  Board  met  regularly  during  the  year.  Tubulated  below  is  the  attendance  of  Board  Members  during  the 
reporting  period.  The  majority  if  the  meetings  held  during  the  year  were  in  relation  to  the  issue  of  equity 
associated with a convertible loan note, given that this was largely procedural it was not deemed necessary for 
the non-executive board members to attend these meetings. 

Board Member 

Allen D Howard  
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor 

Meetings 
attended (out of 
a total possible) 
9/20 
20/20 
20/20 
9/20 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

Audit Committee 

The audit committee consists of Nicholas Mardon Taylor (Chairman) and Allen D Howard. Prior to 1 August the 
audit committee consisted of Allen D Howard (Chairman) and Kiran Morzaria. As part of The Company’s adoption 
of the QCA Code on 1 August 2019 it was resolved that the Audit Committee will consist of two Non-Executive 
Members of the Board. The Audit Committee met once during the year. 

Board member 
Allen D Howard  
Nicholas Mardon Taylor (Appointed as Chairman 1 August 2019) 

Meetings attended (out of a total possible) 
1/1 
1/1 

The principal duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: 

•  Overseeing the Company’s financial reporting disclosure process; this includes the choice of 

appropriate accounting policies 

•  Monitoring the Company’s internal financial controls and assess their adequacy 
•  Reviewing key estimates, judgements and assumptions applied by management in preparing 

published financial statements 

•  Annually assessing the auditor’s independence and objectivity 
•  Making recommendations in relation to the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the 

company’s external auditor 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee consists of Nicholas Mardon Taylor (Chairman) and Allen D Howard. Prior to 1 
August the Remuneration Committee consisted of Allen D Howard (Chairman) and Kiran Morzaria. As part of The 
Company’s adoption of the QCA Code on 1 August it was resolved that the Remuneration Committee will consist 
of two Non-Executive Members of the Board. The Remuneration Committee did not meet during the year. 

The principal duties and responsibilities of the Remuneration Committee include: 

Setting the remuneration policy for all Executive Directors 

• 
•  Recommending and monitoring the level and structure of remuneration for senior management 
•  Approving the design of, and determining targets for, performance related pay schemes operated by 

the company and approve the total annual payments made under such schemes 

•  Reviewing the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the board and shareholders 

None of the Committee members have any personal financial interest (other than as shareholders and option 
holders), conflicts of interest arising from cross-directorships or day-to-day involvement in the running of the 
business. No director plays a part in any financial decision about his or her own remuneration. 

Internal Controls 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  the  Company’s  system  of  internal  controls  and 
reviewing  its  effectiveness.  The  procedures  that  include  financial,  operational, health  and  safety,  compliance 
matters and risk management (as detailed in the Strategic Report) are reviewed on an ongoing basis. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED) 

The Company’s internal control procedures include the following: 

• Board approval for all significant projects, including corporate transactions and major capital projects; 
• The Board receives and reviews regular reports covering both the technical progress of projects and the 

Company’s financial affairs to facilitate its control; 

• There is a comprehensive budgeting and planning system for all items of expenditure with an annual 

budget approved by the Board; 

• The Company has in place internal control and risk management systems in relation to the Company's 
financial  reporting  process  and  the  Company's  process  for  preparing  consolidated  accounts.  These 
systems include policies and procedures to ensure that adequate accounting records are maintained, 
and transactions are recorded accurately and fairly to permit the preparation of consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS; and 

• The Audit Committee reviews draft annual and interim reports before recommending their publication 
to the Board. The Audit Committee discusses with the Finance Director, Financial Controller and external 
auditors  the  significant  accounting  policies,  estimates  and  judgements  applied  in  preparing  these 
reports. 

The  internal  control  system  can  only  provide  reasonable  and  not  absolute  assurance  against  material 
misstatement or loss. The Board has considered the need for a separate internal audit function but, bearing in 
mind the present size and composition of the Company, does not consider it necessary at the current time. 

UK Bribery Act 
UKOG has reviewed the appropriate policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the UK Bribery Act. The 
Company  continues  actively  to  promote  good  practice  throughout  the  Company  and  has  initiated  a  rolling 
programme of anti-bribery and corruption training for all relevant employees. 

Relations with Shareholders 
Communications  with  shareholders  are  considered  important  by  the  Directors.  The  primary  contact  with 
shareholders, investors and analysts is the Chief Executive. Other senior management, however, regularly speak 
to investors and analysts during the year.  

Company circulars and press releases have also been issued throughout the year for the purpose of keeping 
investors informed about the Company’s progress and in accordance with AIM regulations. 

The Company also maintains a website (www.ukogplc.com) that is regularly updated and contains a wide range 
of information about the Company. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 

This report explains our remuneration policy for Directors and sets out how decisions regarding Directors’ pay 
for the period under review have been taken. 

Directors’ Remuneration Policy 
The  Company’s  policy  is  to  maintain  levels  of  remuneration  sufficient  to  attract,  motivate  and  retain  senior 
executives.  

Executive Director remuneration currently consists of basic salary, pensions, annual bonus (based on annually 
set targets) and long-term incentives (to reward long term performance). 

The Company seeks to strike an appropriate balance between fixed and performance-related reward so that the 
total remuneration package is structured to align a significant proportion to the achievement of performance 
targets,  reinforcing  a  clear  link  between  pay  and  performance.  The  performance  targets  for  staff,  senior 
executives  and  the  Executive  Director  are  each  aligned  to  the  key  drivers  of  the  business  strategy,  thereby 
creating a strong alignment of interest between staff, Executive Directors and shareholders. 

The  Remuneration  Committee  will  continue  to  review  the  Company’s  remuneration  policy  and  make 
amendments, as and when necessary, to ensure it remains fit for purpose and continues to drive high levels of 
executive performance and remains both affordable and competitive in the market. 

Annual Statement 
During the year no annual cash bonus scheme was adopted, as the current remuneration was viewed as sufficient 
to attract, motivate and retain senior executives. At the end of July the Directors agreed to an interim salary cut 
of between 20% and 50% of their monthly salary; this was agreed due to the impact COVID-19 had on the Group’s 
revenues due to a significant reduction in the price of oil. 

During  the  year  and  as  required  under  the  Pensions  Act  of  2008  the  Company  implemented  an  automatic 
enrolment pension scheme and contributed up to 3% of executive directors qualifying earnings. During a review 
of option awards in September 2020 the Remuneration Committee approved the issue of options to Directors. 
Further details can be found below. 

Remit of the Remuneration Committee 
The remit of the Remuneration Committee is provided in the Corporate Governance section. 

Share Price Movements During the Year 
The Company’s share price as at 30 September 2020 was £0.0016 per share. The share price range during the 
year was £0.0016 to £0.0115 (2019 - £0.0082 to £0.0208). 

Current Arrangement in Financial Year (Audited) 

Executive  Directors  are  employed  under  rolling  contracts  with  notice  periods  of  12  months  or  less  from  the 
Company. The Non-Directors are employed under rolling contracts with notice period of three months, under 
which they are not entitled to any pension, benefits or bonuses. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (CONTINUED) 

The Directors’ emoluments for the year were as follows: 

Year ended 30 September 2020 

Salary 

Bonus 

Pension 

Director 
Allen D Howard 
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor  Non-Executive Director 
Total Directors 

Board Title 
Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive 
Finance Director 

£’000 
54 
297 
115 
49 
515 

£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

£’000 
- 
1 
- 
- 
1 

Share 
Based 
Payments 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Year ended 30 September 2019 

Salary 

Bonus 

Pension 

Director 
Allen D Howard 
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor  Non-Executive Director 
Total Directors 

Board Title 
Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive 
Finance Director 

£’000 
60 
314 
116 
55 
545 

£’000 
- 
310 
- 
- 
310 

£’000 
- 
1 
- 
- 
1 

Share 
Based 
Payments 
£’000 
29 
142 
37 
23 
231 

Total 

£’000 
54 
298 
115 
49 
516 

Total 

£’000 
89 
766 
153 
78 
1,086 

As at 30 September 2020, the outstanding long-term incentives, in the form of options, held by the Directors 
who served during the period are set out in the table below. 

At 1 
October 
2019 

Issued 
during 
the year 

Share options 

Stephen Sanderson 
Stephen Sanderson 
Stephen Sanderson 
Total 

No. 
million 
25 
25 
25 
75 

No. 
million 
- 
- 
- 
- 

At 1 
October 
2019 

Issued 
during 
the year 

Share options 

Kiran Morzaria 
Kiran Morzaria 
Total 

No. 
million 
20.0 
6.5 
26.5 

No. 
million 

lapsed / 
exercised 
during the 
year 
No. 
million 
(25) 

lapsed / 
exercised 
during the 
year 
No. 
million 

At 30 
September 
2020 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

No. 
million 
- 
25 
25 
50 

£ 

0.0040 
0.0115 
0.0130 

21/01/2015 
25/05/2017 
27/09/2020 

31/12/2019 
24/05/2022 
25/09/2024 

At 30 
September 
2020 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

No. 
million 
20.0 
6.5 
26.5 

£ 

0.0115 
0.0130 

25/05/2017 

24/05/2022 

27/09/2020 

25/09/2024 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (CONTINUED) 

At 1 
October 
2019 

Issued 
during 
the 
year 
No. 
Million  million 

No. 

 10  
5 
 15  

At 1 
October 
2019 

Issued 
during 
the 
year 
No. 
million  million 

No. 

4 

4 

Share options 

Allen Howard 
Allen Howard 
Total 

Share options 

Nicholas Mardon 
Taylor 
Total 

lapsed / 
exercised 
during the 
year 
No. 
million 

lapsed / 
exercised 
during the 
year 
No. 
million 

At 30 
September 
2020 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

No. 
million 
 10  
5 
 15  

£ 

0.0115 
0.0130 

25/05/2017 
27/09/2020 

24/05/2022 
25/09/2024 

At 30 
September 
2020 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

£ 

0.0130 

27/09/2020 

25/09/2024 

No. 
million 

4 

4 

36 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

The Directors present their annual report together with the audited consolidated financial statements of the 
Group for the Year Ended 30 September 2020. 

Business Review and Future Developments 
A review of the business and future developments are outlined in the Strategic Report. 

Principal Activity and Business Review 
The principal activity of the Group is exploring for, appraising and developing oil & gas assets. 

Results and Dividends 
Loss on ordinary activities of the Group after taxation amounted to £18,957,000 (2019: Loss £5,394,000).  The 
Directors  do  not  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend  (2019:  £nil).  The  Company  has  no  plans  to  adopt  a 
dividend policy in the immediate future.  

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 
Information  of  the  principal  risks  and  uncertainties  facing  the  Group  is  included  in  the  Principal  Risks  and 
Uncertainties section of the Strategic Report. 

Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies 
The  Group’s  principal  financial  instruments  are  trade  receivables,  trade  payables  and  cash  at  bank,  and 
borrowings.  The main purpose of these financial instruments is to fund the Group's operations. 

It is, and has been throughout the period under review, the Group’s policy that no trading in financial instruments 
shall be undertaken. The main risk arising from the Group’s financial instruments is liquidity risk.  The Board 
reviews and agrees policies for managing this risk and this is summarised below. 

Liquidity Risk 
The Group's objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of 
equity and its cash resources. Further details of this are provided in the principal accounting policies, headed 
'going concern'. 

Key Performance Indicators 
During  the  reporting  period  the  Group  readmitted  as  an  operating  company  and  adopted  Key  Performance 
Indicators, which are detailed in the Key Performance Indicator section of the Strategic Report.  

Going Concern 
The Directors note the substantial losses that the Group has made for the year ended 30 September 2020. The 
Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 December 2022, which takes into account 
anticipated costs savings, the current forward curve of Brent crude oil and external funding. In addition, within 
the forecasts, the Group has delayed its capital expenditure programme across its assets as the effects of Covid-
19  have  significantly  constrained  the  supply  of  specialist  oil  sector  services,  equipment  and  civil  engineering 
activities.  

The cost structure of the Group comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the event 
that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Group to operate  within its 
available funding.  

The oil price assumptions within the cash flow forecasts are based on forward rates. However, given the current 
effects of Covid-19 and recent “OPEC+” meetings there is a high degree of uncertainty around these forward 
rates.  

These forecasts demonstrate that the Group has sufficient cash funds available to allow it to continue in business 
for a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements.  Accordingly, the 
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS (CONTINUED) 

Events After the Reporting Period 
Events after the Reporting Period are outlined in Note 26 to the Financial Statements. 

Corporate Governance 
Information in relation to the Corporate Governance of the Group is contained within the Corporate Governance 
Section of the Strategic Report. 

Suppliers’ Payment Policy 
The  Group’s  policy  is  to  agree  terms  and  conditions  with  suppliers  in  advance;  payment  is  then  made  in 
accordance with the agreement provided the supplier has met the terms and conditions. Suppliers are typically 
paid within 30 days of issue of invoice. 

Charitable Contributions 

During the year the Group made charitable donations amounting to £Nil (2019 - £Nil). 

Substantial Shareholdings 

As at 17 March 2021, the Company had been notified of the following substantial shareholdings in the ordinary 
share capital: 

Number of Ordinary 
Shares 
1,614,977,774 
1,341,630,240 
1,227,889,628 
975,377,241 
897,198,462 
819,468,309 
761,268,945 
617,244,442 
474,611,762 
407,951,557 

Holding % 

12.47% 
10.36% 
9.48% 
7.53% 
6.93% 
6.33% 
5.88% 
4.76% 
3.66% 
3.15% 

Shareholder 

Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited 
Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited 
HSDL Nominees Limited 
Barclays Direct Investing Nominees Limited 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited 
Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited 
HSDL Nominees Limited 
HSBC Client Holdings Nominee (Uk) Limited 
Pershing Nominees Limited 

Current Board & Directors Interests 

Allen D Howard 
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor 

Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 
Finance Director 
Non-Executive Director 

The directors hold options to purchase new ordinary shares in the Company, details of which are specified in the 
Renumeration  Report  on  page  34  to  36.  In  addition,  Kiran  Morzaria  holds  4,508,178  ordinary  shares  in  the 
Company. 

Auditor 
A  resolution  to  reappoint  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP  as  auditor  will  be  proposed  at  the  forthcoming  Annual  General 
Meeting (“AGM”). 

Annual General Meeting 

Notice of the forthcoming Annual General Meeting has been enclosed separately. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS (CONTINUED) 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare consolidated financial statements for each financial year.  The 
Directors  have  prepared  the  consolidated  accounts  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the EU ("adopted IFRS").  The consolidated financial statements are required by law to 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss for that period. 
In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  Make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

State whether applicable IFRS’s have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements; and 
Prepare the consolidated financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to 
presume that the Group will continue in business. 

• 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records, which disclose with reasonable accuracy 
at any time the financial position of the Group and to enable them to ensure that the consolidated financial 
statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included on the Company’s website. The Company’s website is maintained in accordance with AIM Rule 26. 

Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  consolidated  financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Statement as to Disclosure of Information to the Auditor 

As at the date of this report the serving directors confirm that: 

• 

• 

So far as each Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditors are 
unaware, and 
They have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to make themselves aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s auditor are aware of that information. 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD 

Stephen Sanderson 
Director 
15 April 2021 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR TO THE MEMBERS OF UK OIL & GAS PLC  

OPINION 

We have audited the financial statements of UK Oil & Gas plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 30 September 2020 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements   of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Parent 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Cash Flow and 
notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting 
framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and international accounting  standards 
in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006   and as regards the parent company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.  

In our opinion:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 30 September 2020 and of the group’s and parent company’s loss for the year then ended;  

the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006.  

BASIS FOR OPINION 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of  the  financial  statements  section  of  our  report.  We  are  independent  of  the  group  and  parent  company  in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING CONCERN 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to 
report to you where: 

• 

• 

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements 
is not appropriate; or 

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that 
may cast significant doubt about the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  when  the  financial  statements  are 
authorised for issue. 

OUR APPLICATION OF MATERIALITY 

For  the  purposes  of  determining  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  we 
define  materiality  as  a  magnitude  of  misstatement  that  makes  it  probably  that  the  economic  decisions  of  a 
reasonable knowledgeable person, relying on the financial statements, would be changed or influenced. We also 
determine a level of performance materiality which we use to assess the extent of testing needed to reduce an 
appropriately  low  level  in  the  probability  that  the  aggregate  of  uncorrected  and  undetected  misstatements 
exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR TO THE MEMBERS OF UK OIL & GAS PLC (CONTINUED) 

Materiality for the group financial statements was set at  £788,000.  This was calculated  based in 1.5% of net 
assets for the year. Net assets was used as the benchmark for the basis of  materiality  being the key area of 
relevance to stakeholders in assessing the financial performance of the group in its early years of production. 
The same basis for the calculation of materiality for the parent company financial statements was used, however 
restricted to £787,999, to ensure a level below that of group materiality as required by ISA (UK) 600.  

We also determine a level of performance materiality which we use to assess the extent of testing needed to 
reduce  to  an  appropriately  low  level  probability  that  the  aggregate  of  uncorrected  and  undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. Performance materiality for the group 
and  part  company  was  set  at  £472,800  and  £472,799  respectively,  being  60%  of  materiality  for  the  financial 
statements as a whole.  

We  agreed  to  report  to  those  charged  with  governance  all  corrected  and  uncorrected  misstatements  we 
identified through our audit with a value in excess of £39,400 for both the group and parent company. We also 
agreed to report any other audit misstatements below that threshold that we believe warranted reporting on 
qualitative grounds. 

AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE OF OUR AUDIT  

The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  The  quantitative  and  qualitative 
thresholds  for  materiality  determine  the  scope  of  our  audit  and  the  nature,  timing  and  extent  of  our  audit 
procedures.  

As part of our planning, we assessed all components of the group for their significance under ISA (UK) 600 in 
order to determine the scope of the work to be performed. Those entities of the group which were considered 
to be significant components, being UK  Oil & Gas plc, Horse Hill Developments Limited and UKOG  (137/246) 
Holdings Limited, were subject to full scope audit procedures, and those considered to be material, being UKOG 
(234) Limited and UKOG (37/246) Limited were subject to audit procedures on significant and identified risk areas 
only, in accordance with ISA (UK) 600 for group reporting purposes. Procedures were then performed to address 
the  risks  identified  and  for  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material  misstatement,  the  procedures  are 
outlined  below  in  the  key  audit  matters  section  of  this  report.  The  remaining  components  were  subject  to 
analytical review procedures. 

We did not rely on the work of any component auditors. 

KEY AUDIT MATTERS 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of 
the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR TO THE MEMBERS OF UK OIL & GAS PLC (CONTINUED) 

Key Audit Matter 

Carrying value and classification of exploration and 
evaluation assets (Note 11) 

There is a risk that the assets are incorrectly valued 
or  need  to  be  impaired.  As  Horse  Hill  entered  the 
production  stage  this  year,  there  is  also  a  risk  that 
assets  are  incorrectly  included  as  intangibles  when 
they  should  be  reclassified  to  Property  Plant  and 
Equipment (“PPE”). 

Carrying value and classification of producing 
assets (Note 12) 

There is a risk of material misstatement around the 
carrying value of PPE, whether any impairment is 
required and if the correct assets have been 
included within PPE as opposed to Exploration and 
Evaluation Assets. 

How  the  scope  of  our  audit  responded  to  the  key 
audit matter 

Our work in this area included: 

(cid:1)  Reviewing the impairment workings 

prepared by management, and reconciling 
the key inputs into the calculation to 
supporting documentation and ensuring the 
carrying value of the assets is not impaired;  

(cid:1)  Vouching a sample of additions in the period 
to supporting documentation and ensuring 
they have been capitalised in line with the 
relevant IFRSs;  

(cid:1)  Reviewing the effect of COVID-19 on the 

group and the potential profitability of said 
assets; and 

(cid:1)  Vouching a sample of assets at the year end 
to the licences in place and ensure they are 
valid. 

Our work in this area included: 

(cid:1)  Reviewing managements valuation workings, 
and reconciling the key inputs into the 
calculation to supporting documentation and 
ensuring the carrying value of the assets is 
fairly stated;  

(cid:1)  Reviewing the effect of COVID-19 on the 

group and the potential profitability of said 
assets; 

(cid:1)  Reviewing of the unit of production method 
of depletion and performing a recalculation 
thereto and ensuring the value is fairly 
stated;  

(cid:1)  Verifying the mathematical accuracy of the 
calculations prepared by management; 

(cid:1)  Reviewing the key inputs used within the 
calculations and challenging all estimates 
used and obtaining the relevant support; and 

(cid:1)  Testing a sample of assets to support to 

ensure existence and correct classification. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR TO THE MEMBERS OF UK OIL & GAS PLC (CONTINUED) 

OTHER INFORMATION 

The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial 
statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  Our 
opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, except 
to  the  extent  otherwise  explicitly  stated  in  our  report,  we  do  not  express  any  form  of  assurance  conclusion 
thereon.  In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify 
such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there 
is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, 
based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other 
information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard.  

OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report for the financial year for which 
the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the 
Directors’ report. 

We  have  nothing  to  report  in  respect  of  the  following  matters  in  relation  to  which  the  Companies  Act  2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 
or 

certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Directors’  responsibilities  statement,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such 
internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  unless  the  Directors  either  intend  to  liquidate  the  Group  or  the 
Parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR TO THE MEMBERS OF UK OIL & GAS PLC (CONTINUED) 

AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description  forms  part  of  our 
auditor’s report. 

USE OF OUR REPORT 

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the 
Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Alistair Dominic Roberts (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 

Date: 15 April 2021 

          15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
FOR YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Revenue 
Cost of sales  
Depletion, Depreciation and Amortisation 
Other Cost of Sales 

Gross (loss)/profit) 

Operating expenses 
Administrative expenses 
Impairment expense 
Foreign exchange gains/(losses) 
Share based payments expense 

Operating (loss) 

Gain on settlements of financial instruments 
Finance Income 
Finance Cost 
Share of associate loss 
Decommissioning Expense 
Exploration Write-off 

(Loss) before taxation 

Taxation 

Retained (Loss) for the year  

Retained (loss) attributable to; 
Equity holders of the Parent 
Non-Controlling Interests 

Notes 

30 Sep 2020 
£’000 

30 Sep 2019 
£’000 

908 

(1,367) 
(1,171) 

(1,630) 

(1,755) 
(10,652) 
(16) 
0 

213 

(225) 
(97) 

109 

(3,939) 
(2) 
(45) 
(693) 

(14,053) 

(4,788) 

0 
(286) 
- 
- 
(6,598) 

1 
(607) 
- 
- 
- 

(20,937) 

(5,394) 

- 

(20,937) 

(5,394) 

(20,937) 
- 
(20,937) 

(5,394) 
- 
(5,394) 

11 

22 

6 

8 
14 
20 
11 

9 

There are no other comprehensive income or expenses during the two reported periods to disclose. 

Earnings per share 

Basic and diluted 

Pence 

Pence 

10 

(0.24) 

(0.09) 

The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

45 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Exploration & evaluation assets 
Decommissioning Asset 
Goodwill 
Oil & Gas properties 
Property, Plant & Equipment 
Investment in associate 

Total non-current assets   

Current assets 
Inventory 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets   

Total Assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Total current liabilities 

Non-current Liabilities 
Provisions 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net Assets 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Share based payment reserve 
Accumulated losses 

Non-controlling interest 

Total shareholders' equity  

Notes 

2020 
£’000 

2019 
£’000 

11 
11 
11 
12 
12 
14 

15 
16 
17 

29,259 
285 
- 
6,380 
1,852 
- 

27,224 
354 
17,443 
1,434 
193 
- 

37,776 

46,648 

1 
742 
1,634 

2,378 

1 
1,179 
6,892 

8,072 

40,154 

54,720 

18 
19 

(1,981) 
(3,084) 

(6,026) 
(7,473) 

(5,065) 

(13,499) 

20 

(1,031) 

(1,031) 

(427) 

(427) 

(6,096) 

(13,926) 

34,058 

40,794 

21 

23 

12,694 
99,528 
1,811 
(80,088) 
33,944 
113 

12,250 
85,773 
1,811 
(59,153) 
40,681 
113 

35,058 

40,794 

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 15 April 2021 and are signed on its 
behalf by: 

Stephen Sanderson 
Director   

Kiran Morzaria 
Director 

The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

46 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Exploration & evaluation assets 
Investment in subsidiary companies 
Property, Plant and Equipment 

Total non-current assets   

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Intercompany balances 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets   

Total Assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables   
Borrowings 

Total Current Liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net Assets 

Shareholders’ Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Share Based Payment Reserve 
Accumulated losses 

Total shareholders' equity  

Notes 

2020 
£’000 

2019 
£’000 

11 
13 
12 

16 

17 

1,644 
21,406 
1,773 

2,301 
26,206 
108 

24,823 

28,615 

546 
26,690 
1,346 

310 
26,974 
6,196 

28,583 

33,480 

53,406 

62,095 

18 
19 

(1,419) 
- 

(4,430) 
(4,500) 

(1,419) 

(8,930) 

(1,419) 

(8,930) 

51,986 

53,165 

21 

23 

12,694 
99,528 
1,811 
(62,046) 

12,250 
85,773 
1,811 
(46,669) 

51,986 

53,165 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the profit and loss account of the parent company has 
not been separately presented in these accounts. The parent company loss for the year was £15,378,000 (2019: 
loss £3,905,000). 

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 15 April 2021 and are signed on its 
behalf by: 

Stephen Sanderson 
Director   

Kiran Morzaria 
Director 

The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 

47 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Balance at 1 October 2018 

Loss for the year 

Movement on reserves re acquisitions 

Total comprehensive income 

Issue of shares 

Cost of share issue 

Share option expired 

Share based payments 

Total transactions with owners 

Balance at 30 September 2019 

Loss for the year 

Movement on reserves re acquisitions 

Total comprehensive income 

Issue of shares 

Cost of share issue 
Total transactions with owners 
Balance at 30 September 2020 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Share based 
payment reserve 

Accumulated 
losses  

 £’000  

12,141 
- 

- 

- 
109 

- 
- 

- 

109 

12,250 

- 
- 

- 

444 

444 
12,694 

 £’000  

75,799 
- 

- 

- 
10,183 

(209) 
- 

- 

9,974 

85,773 

- 
- 

- 
14,240 

(485) 

13,755 
99,528 

 £’000  

1,590 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
(472) 

693 

221 

1,811 

- 
- 

- 

- 
1,811 

 £’000  

(53,393) 
(5,394) 

(838) 

(6,232) 

- 

- 
472 

- 

(5,760) 

(59,153) 
(20,937) 

- 
(20,937) 

(20,937) 
(80,088) 

Total 

 £’000  

36,137 
(5,394) 

(838) 

(6,232) 

10,292 

(209) 
- 

693 

4,544 

40,681 
(20,937) 

- 
(20,937) 

14,684 

(485) 

(6,738) 
33,944 

Non Controlling 
Interests 
£’000 

651 
- 

(538) 

(538) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(538) 

113 

- 

- 
113 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Total 

 £’000  

36,788 
(5,394) 

(1,376) 

(6,770) 

10,292 

(209) 
- 

693 

4,006 

40,794 
(20,937) 

- 
(20,937) 

14,684 

(515) 
(6,7378) 
34,058 

48 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance at 1 October 2018 

Loss for the year 

Total comprehensive income 

Issue of shares 

Cost of share issue 

Share option expired 

Share based payments 

Total transactions with owners 

Balance at 30 September 2019 

Loss for the year 

Total comprehensive income 

Issue of shares 

Cost of share issue 

Total transactions with owners 

Balance at 30 September 2020 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Share based 
payment reserve 

Accumulated 
losses  

 £’000  

12,141 
- 

- 

109 
- 

- 

- 

109 

12,250 

- 

-  

444 

- 

444 

12,694 

 £’000  

75,799 
- 

- 

10,183 
(209) 

- 

- 

9,974 

85,773 

- 

-  

14,240 

(485) 

13,755 

99,528 

 £’000  

1,590 
- 

- 

- 
- 

(472) 

693 

221 

1,811 

- 

-  

- 

- 

- 

 £’000  

(43,236) 
(3,905) 

(3,905) 

- 
- 

472 

- 

472 

(46,669) 

(15,378) 

(15,378) 

- 

- 

- 

1,811 

(62,047) 

Total 

 £’000  

46,294 
(3,905) 

(3,905) 

10,292 
(209) 

- 

693 

10,776 

53,165 

(15,378) 

(15,378) 

14,684 

(485) 

14,199 

51,986 

49 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operations 
Depletion & impairment 
Share based payment charge 
Cash movement on provisions 
(Increase) in inventories 
(Increase) / decrease in trade & other receivables 
Increase / (decrease) in trade & other payables 
Net cash (outflow) / inflow from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Expenditures on exploration & evaluation assets 
Expenditures on oil & gas properties 
Expenditures on plant, property & equipment 
Payments for acquisition of subsidiary 
Net cash acquired on acquisition of subsidiary 
Net cash (outflow) from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of share capital 
Share issue costs 
(Repayments)/Proceeds of convertible loan note 
Convertible loan financing fees 
Net cash inflow from financing activities 

2020 
£’000 

(14,053) 
11,995 
- 
(8) 
(1) 
437 
(1,142) 
(2,773) 

(7,360) 
(4) 
(371) 
- 
- 
(7,735) 

7,734 
(485) 
(1,825) 
(175) 
5,249 

2019 
£’000 

(4,788) 
228 
693 
(936) 
4 
36 
(964) 
(5,726) 

(3,125) 
- 
(128) 
(5,060) 
6 
(8,307) 

3,520 
(209) 
5,500 
(313) 
8,498 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents 

(5,258) 

(5,535) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period 

6,892 

1,634 

12,427 

6,892 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Operating profit / (loss) 
Add back: depreciation & impairment 
Share based payment charge 
Decrease in trade & other receivables 
Increase in trade & other payables 
Net cash (outflow) from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Expenditures on exploration & evaluation assets 
Expenditures on property, plant & equipment 
Loan advanced to subsidiary 
Payments on acquisition of subsidiary 
Net cash (outflow) from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of share capital 
Share issue costs 
(Repayments)/Proceeds of convertible loan note 
Convertible loan financing fees 
Net cash inflow from financing activities 

2020 
£’000 

2019 
£’000 

(15,675) 
14,226 
0 
(236) 
(111) 
(1,797) 

(4,239) 
- 
693 
217 
              234 
(3,095) 

(645) 
(324) 
(7,332) 
- 
(8,302) 

(288) 
(116) 
           (3,687) 
(4,276) 
(8,367) 

7,734 
(485) 
(1,825) 
(175) 
5,294 

3,520 
(209) 
5,500 
(313) 
8,498 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents 

(4,850) 

(2,964) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period 

6,196 

1,346 

9,160 

6,196 

51 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.  Corporate Information 
The consolidated financial statements of UK Oil & Gas PLC (the Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the 
Group), for the year ended 30 September 2020 were authorised for issue by the directors on 15 April 2021.  UK 
Oil & Gas PLC (the Company & parent) is a public limited company incorporated and registered in the United 
Kingdom and listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM). The registered office is located at The Broadgate 
Towers, 20 Primrose Street, London EC2A 2EW.   

The  Group  is  principally  engaged  in  oil  production  and  oil  &  gas  exploration  and  evaluation  (see  Note  6). 
Information on the Group’s structure is provided in Note 13 and information on other related parties is provided 
in Note 27. 

2.  Principal Accounting Policies 
a)  Basis of preparation 
The consolidated financial statements of the UK Oil & Gas plc (the Company) and subsidiaries (the Group) have 
been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  in  conformity  with  the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ("IFRSs") as they apply to the Group for the year ended 30 September 
2020 and with the Companies Act 2006.   

The accounting policies have been applied consistently throughout the preparation of these financial statements, 
the financial report is presented in Pound Sterling (£) and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand pounds 
(£‘000)  unless  otherwise  stated.    The  consolidated  financial  statements  provide  comparative  information  in 
respect of the previous period. 

Subsidiary Undertakings Exempt from Audit 
UK  Oil  &  Gas  PLC  has  guaranteed  the  liabilities  of  the  subsidiaries  listed  below  under  section  479A  of  the 
Companies Act 2006 in respect of the year ended 30 September 2020. 

UKOG (234) Ltd - 07055133 
UKOG (GB) Limited - 04050227 
UKOG Solent Limited - 0500092 
UKOG Weald Limited - 04881234 
UKOG (137/246) Holdings Ltd - 09010542 
UKOG (137/246) Ltd  – 06807023 
UK Oil & Gas Investments Ltd - 11252712 
UKOG Turkey Ltd - 10212262 

New and Amended Standards and Interpretations 
During the year, the Group adopted the following new and amended IFRSs for the first time for the reporting 
period commencing 1 October 2019: 

IFRS 16 Leases 
IFRIC Interpretation 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment 
Amendments to IAS 28: Long-term interests in associates and joint ventures 

There  is  no  material  impact  on  the  financial  statements  following  the  adoption  of  these  new  standards  and 
interpretations. 

New Standards and interpretations Not Yet Adopted 
Certain  new  standards,  interpretations  and  amendments  to  existing  standards  have  been  published  that  are 
effective for reporting periods starting 1 January 2020.  These have not been early adopted by the Group and are 
not expected to have a material impact on the entity in the current or future reporting periods: 

IAS 1 and IAS 8 Definition of Material 
IFRS 3 Definition of a Business – Amendments to IFRS2 
The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

b)  Going Concern 

The Directors note the substantial losses that the Group has made for the year ended 30 September 2020. The 
Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 30 September 2022, which takes into account 
anticipated costs savings, the current forward curve of Brent crude oil and external funding.  

The Group closely monitor and manage its liquidity risks. Cash forecasts for the Group are regularly produced 
based on, inter alia, management’s best estimate of the Group’s production and expenditure forecasts and future 
oil prices. In addition, within the forecasts, the Group has delayed its capital expenditure programme across its 
assets  as  the  effects  of  Covid-19  have  significantly  constrained  the  supply  of  specialist  oil  sector  services, 
equipment  and  civil  engineering  activities.  The  cost  structure  of  the  Group  comprises  a  high  proportion  of 
discretionary spend and therefore in the event that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced 
to enable the Group to operate within its available funding.  

In the first quarter of 2020, the oil price has been affected by the global spread of COVID-19 and the resultant 
reduction in oil demand. This situation has since been compounded by the failure of OPEC to reach an agreement 
on constraining supply and the decision of several countries to increase output. At the date of this report, there 
remains significant uncertainty over the impact of COVID-19 on future global demand for oil and therefore the 
price of oil.  

The Group’s base case going concern model was run with average oil prices of $51.5/bbl. for March 2021 to 
September 2022. There is a high degree of uncertainty around these forward rates. These forecasts demonstrate 
that the Group has sufficient cash funds available to allow it to continue in business for a period of at least twelve 
months from the date of approval of these financial statements. Accordingly, the financial statements have been 
prepared on a going concern basis. 

It is the prime responsibility of the Board to ensure the Group remains a going concern. At 30 September 2020 
the Company had cash and cash equivalents of £1,634,000 and borrowings of £3,084,000. These borrowings are 
due  by  the  Company’s  subsidiary,  Horse  Hill  Developments  Ltd,  to  its  shareholders,  There  is  no  repayment 
schedule associated with this loan and repayment is determined by the directors of Horse Hill Developments Ltd. 
The  intent  is  to  repay  this  loan  from  the  free  cash  flow  generated  from  the  HH-1  well  or  any  other  further 
developments  on  the  license  areas  of  Horse  Hill  Developments  Ltd.  The  Company  has  minimal  contractual 
expenditure commitments and the Board considers that in conjunction with equity financing, the present funds 
are sufficient to maintain the working capital of the Company for a period of at least 12 months from the date of 
signing the Annual Report and Financial Statements. For these reasons the Directors adopt the going concern 
basis in the preparation of the Financial Statements. 

c)  Basis of consolidation 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  present  the  results  of  UK  Oil  &  Gas  PLC  and  its  subsidiaries  as  if  they 
formed a single entity.  The financial statements of subsidiaries used in the preparation of consolidated financial 
statements  are  based  on  consistent  accounting  policies  to  the  parent.    All  intercompany  transactions  and 
balances between Group companies, including unrealised profits arising from them, are eliminated in full.   

At  30  September  2020,  the  Group  comprised  the  Company  and  entities  controlled  by  UK  Oil  &  Gas  PLC  (its 
subsidiaries).  No  new  subsidiaries  were  acquired  during  the  year,  and  none  were  dissolved  /  struck  off  or 
liquidated.  

 Business combinations  

d) 
The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for all business combinations, regardless of whether 
equity instruments or other assets are acquired. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary 
comprises the: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

fair values of the assets transferred 
liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired business 
equity interests issued by the group 
fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, and 
fair value of any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

 d) Business combinations (continued) 
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with 
limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The group recognises any non-
controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-
controlling  interest’s  proportionate  share  of  the  acquired  entity’s  net  identifiable  assets.  Acquisition-related 
costs are expensed as incurred. 

Where settlement of any part of the consideration is deferred or contingent, the amounts payable in the future 
are  recognised  at  their  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date.  The  discount  rate  used  is  the  entity’s  incremental 
borrowing rate, being the rate at which a similar borrowing could be obtained from an independent financier 
under comparable terms and conditions.   

Contingent  consideration  is  classified  either  as  equity  or  a  financial  liability.  Amounts  classified  as  a  financial 
liability are subsequently remeasured to fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss.  
Contingent consideration classified as equity is not remeasured and its subsequent settlement is accounted for 
within equity. 

Goodwill  is  initially  measured  at  cost  (being  the  excess  of  the  consideration  transferred  and  the  amount 
recognised for non-controlling interests and any previous interest held of the net identifiable assets acquires and 
liabilities  assumed).    If  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  acquired  is  in  excess  of  the  aggregate  consideration 
transferred, the difference is recognised in profit or loss. 

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer’s previously 
held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date. Any gains or losses arising 
from such remeasurement are recognised in profit or loss. 

Joint arrangements 

e) 
Certain of the Group’s licence interests are held jointly with others under arrangements whereby unincorporated 
and jointly controlled ventures are used to explore, evaluate and ultimately develop and produce from its oil & 
gas interests. The Group’s share of assets, liabilities, income and expenditure of these joint operations, have 
been classified in the appropriate balance sheet and income statement headings, except where its share of such 
amounts remain the responsibility of another party in accordance with the terms of carried interests.  

When the Group, acting as an operator or manager of a joint arrangement, receives reimbursement of direct 
costs recharged to the joint arrangement, such recharges represent reimbursements of costs that the operator 
incurred as an agent for the joint arrangement and therefore have no effect on profit or loss. 

f)  Revenue 
Revenue comprises the invoiced value of goods and services supplied by the Group, excluding value added tax 
and trade discounts.  Revenue is recognised when control passes to the customer and there is no unfulfilled 
obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the goods. In the case of oil and petroleum products, 
this generally occurs when the product is physically transferred into a vessel, pipe or other delivery mechanism. 

Revenue  from  the  production  of  oil,  from  fields  in  which  the  Group  has  an  interest  with  other  producers,  is 
recognised based on the Group’s working interest and the terms of the relevant production sharing contracts. 
Differences between oil lifted and sold and the Group’s share of production are not significant. Revenues from 
the sale of oil produced as a by-product of the evaluation or “testing” phase of a well are offset against the cost 
of the intangible asset that is being created.  This can be seen by reference to Note 11.  

g)  Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Goodwill is measured as described in Business Combinations. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included 
in intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired and is carried at cost less accumulated 
impairments. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

g) Non current assets (continued) 

Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. 

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to 
those cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business 
combination in which the goodwill arose. The units or groups of units are identified at the lowest level at which 
goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, being the operating segments (Note 5). 

Intangible Exploration & Evaluation Assets 
The  Group  accounts  for  exploration  and  evaluation  costs  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  IFRS  6 
Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources as follows: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

Pre-licence costs (costs incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area)  are expensed 
immediately to the Income Statement 

Exploration licence and leasehold land and property acquisition costs are capitalised in intangible assets.  
Licence costs paid in connection with a right to explore in an existing exploration area are capitalised 
and amortised over the term of the permit. 

Costs  directly  associated  with  an  exploration  well  are  capitalised  as  exploration  and  evaluation 
intangible assets until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. These 
costs  include  directly  attributable  employee  remuneration,  materials  and  consumables,  drilling 
(including coring and sampling), evaluation of technical feasibility and commercial viability (including 
appraisal drilling and production testing). 

•  Revenues generated from the sale of hydrocarbons during this phase are offset against the cost of the 

intangible asset. 

Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment at each reporting date, before reclassification and 
whenever facts and circumstances suggest that they may be impaired.  If no future activity is planned, the licence 
has been relinquished or has expired, or where development is likely to proceed but there are indications that 
the exploration and evaluation asset costs are unlikely to be recovered in full either by development or through 
sale, the carrying value of the asset is written off to the Income Statement. 

Property, Plant and Equipment - Oil & Gas Properties  
Oil & gas properties and other property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation 
and accumulated impairment losses. 

The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to 
bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of the decommissioning obligation and, for qualifying assets 
(where relevant), borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the 
fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. The capitalised value of any associated finance 
lease is also included within property, plant and equipment. 

Oil & gas properties are depreciated/amortised on a unit-of-production basis over the total proved developed 
and  undeveloped  reserves  of  the  field  concerned.  The  unit-of-production  rate  calculation  for  the 
depreciation/amortisation of field development costs takes into account expenditures incurred to date, together 
with sanctioned future development expenditure.  

The  Group’s  interests  in  oil  &  gas  properties  are  assessed  for  indication  so  impairment  including  events  or 
changes  in  circumstances  which  indicate  that  the  carrying  value  of  an  asset  may  not  be  recoverable.  Any 
impairment in value is charged to the Income Statement. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

g) Non current assets (continued) 
Other Property, Plant and Equipment 
Other property, plant and equipment is stated at cost to the Group less accumulated depreciation.  These assets 
are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is between 2 and 10 
years depending on the type of asset.  

Decommissioning  
A provision for decommissioning is recognised where a liability for the removal of production facilities or site 
restoration exists.  A corresponding asset is included in the appropriate category of the Group’s non-current 
assets  (intangible  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  and  property,  plant  and  equipment)  depending  on  the 
underlying accounting treatment for the operations or asset leading to the decommissioning provision.  The asset 
is assessed for impairment and depleted as necessary. 

h)  Financial Instruments 
Financial Assets 
Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial 
assets.  Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending 
on the purpose for which they were acquired, and are recognised when the Group becomes party to contractual 
arrangements. Both loans and receivables and available for sale financial assets are initially recorded at fair value. 

Loans  and  receivables  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable  payments  that  are  not 
quoted in an active market. Trade receivables, most other receivables and cash and cash equivalents fall into this 
category of financial assets.  Loans and receivables are measured subsequent to initial recognition at amortised 
cost  using  the  effective  interest  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.  Any  change  in  their  value  through 
impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the income statement. 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and short term deposits. Any interest earned is classified as 
interest income within finance income. 

A financial asset is derecognised only where the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or the 
financial asset is transferred, and that transfer qualifies for derecognition.  A financial asset is transferred if the 
contractual  rights  to  receive  the  cash  flows  of  the  asset  have  been  transferred  or  the  Group  retains  the 
contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash 
flows to one or more recipients.   

A financial asset that is transferred qualifies for derecognition if the Group transfers substantially all the risks and 
rewards of ownership of the asset, or if the Group neither retains nor transfers substantially all the risks and 
rewards of ownership but does transfer control of that asset.  

Financial Liabilities 
Financial  liabilities  are  obligations  to  pay  cash  or  other  financial  assets  and  are  recognised  when  the  Group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.   

All financial liabilities initially recognised at fair value less transaction costs and thereafter carried at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method, with interest-related charges recognised as an expense in finance cost 
in the income statement.  A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is, 
when the obligation is discharged or cancelled or expires. 

Derivative Financial Instruments 
Derivative instruments are recorded at cost and adjust for their market value as applicable.  They are assessed 
for any equity and debt component which is subsequently accounted for in accordance with IFRS’s. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

h)  Financial Instruments (continued) 
Impairment of Financial Assets 
At the end of each reporting period, a provision is made if there is sufficient evidence that a financial asset or 
group of financial assets has been impaired.   Provision against trade receivables is made when there is objective 
evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of 
those receivables.  The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying 
amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows. 

Inventories 

i) 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of materials is the purchase cost, 
determined on first-in, first-out basis. The cost of crude oil and refined products is the purchase cost, the cost of 
refining, including the appropriate proportion of depreciation, depletion and amortisation and overheads based 
on normal operating capacity, determined on a weighted average basis. The net realisable value of crude oil and 
refined products is based on the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated 
costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 

j)  Taxation 
The tax charge includes both current and deferred tax. 

Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to or received from the tax 
authorities, calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet 
date.  Taxable profits or losses differ from the reported profit or loss before taxation in the Income Statement as 
it excludes items that are taxable or deductible in different periods, as well as items that are never deductible or 
taxable.  

Deferred  income  taxes  are  calculated  using  the  liability  method  on  temporary  differences.    Deferred  tax  is 
generally provided on the difference between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  
However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of goodwill, nor on the initial recognition of an 
asset or liability unless the related transaction is a business combination or affects tax or accounting profit.   

Deferred tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries and joint ventures is not provided 
if reversal of these temporary differences can be controlled by the Company and it is probable that reversal will 
not occur in the foreseeable future.  In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other income 
tax credits to the Company are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets. 

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent 
that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future 
taxable income.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated at tax rates that are expected to apply to their 
respective period of realisation, provided they are enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. 

Changes  in  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  are  recognised  as  a  component  of  tax  expense  in  the  income 
statement, except where they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the 
related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity. 

k)  Share-Based Payments  
The  Group  operates  a  number  of  equity-settled,  share-based  compensation  plans,  under  which  the  entity 
receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Company.  The fair 
value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense.  
The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: 

• 
• 

• 

Including any market performance conditions; 
Excluding  the  impact  of  any  service  and  non-market  performance  vesting  conditions  (for  example, 
profitability or sales growth targets, or remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period; 
and 
Including  the  impact  of  any  non-vesting  conditions  (for  example,  the  requirement  for  employees  to 
save). 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

k) 

Share-Based Payments (continued) 

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to 
vest.  The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified 
vesting conditions are to be satisfied.  

The Group operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans, under which the entity 
receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Company.  The fair 
value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense.  
The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: 

• 
• 

• 

Including any market performance conditions; 
Excluding  the  impact  of  any  service  and  non-market  performance  vesting  conditions  (for  example, 
profitability or sales growth targets, or remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period; 
and 
Including  the  impact  of  any  non-vesting  conditions  (for  example,  the  requirement  for  employees  to 
save). 

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to 
vest.  The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified 
vesting conditions are to be satisfied. In addition, in some circumstances, employees may provide services in 
advance of the grant date, and therefore the grant-date fair value is estimated for the purposes of recognising 
the expense during the period between service commencement period and grant date. 

At the end of each reporting period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected 
to vest based on the non-market vesting conditions.  It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, 
if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. 

When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares.  The proceeds received, net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. 

l)  Equity 
Equity comprises the following: 

• 
• 

• 

• 

"Share capital" representing the nominal value of equity shares. 
"Share premium" representing the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received 
for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue. 
“Share  based  payment  reserve”  represents  the  value  of  equity  benefits  provided  to  employees  and 
directors as part of their remuneration and provided to consultants and advisors hired by the Group 
from time to time as part of the consideration paid. 
"Retained earnings" represents retained profits and (losses). 

m)  Foreign currencies 
The consolidated financial statements are presented in UK pound sterling, the functional currency of the Group. 
Transactions  in  other  currencies  are  translated  at  the  exchange  rate  ruling  at  the  date  of  the  transaction. 
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance 
sheet date.  Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the 
exchange rate at the date of the transaction.  Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign 
currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.   

Any exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates 
different from those at which they were initially recorded are recognised in the profit or loss in the period in 
which they arise.  Exchange differences on non-monetary items are recognised in other comprehensive income 
to the extent that they relate to a gain or loss on that non-monetary item taken to other comprehensive income, 
otherwise such gains and losses are recognised in the income statement.  The Group and Company's functional 
currency and presentational currency is Sterling. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3.  Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions  
The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses during the reporting period, 
and  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the 
consolidated financial statements.   Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on 
management’s  experience  and  other  factors,  including  expectations  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be 
reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual outcomes can differ from these estimates. 

In  particular,  the  Group  has  identified  the  following  areas  where  significant  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions are required, and where if actual results were to differ, this could materially affect the financial 
position of financial results reported in a future period. Further information on each of these areas and how they 
impact  the  various  accounting  policies  are  described  below  and  also  in  the  relevant  notes  to  the  financial 
statements. 

Judgements 
 (i) Contingencies 
Contingent  liabilities  may  arise  from  the  ordinary  course  of  business  in  relation  to  claims  against  the  Group, 
including  legal,  contractor,  land  access  and  other  claims. By  their  nature,  contingencies  will  be  resolved  only 
when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential 
quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates 
regarding the outcome of future events. 

(ii) Estimates and assumptions 
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date 
that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within 
the next financial year, are described below.  The  Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters 
available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions 
about future developments, however, may change due to market change or circumstances arising beyond the 
control of the Group. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.  

(iii) Hydrocarbon reserve and resource estimates 
The Group estimates and reports hydrocarbon reserves in line with the principles contained in the SPE Petroleum 
Resources Management Reporting System (PRMS) framework. As the economic assumptions used may change 
and as additional geological information is obtained during the operation of a field, estimates of recoverable 
reserves may change.  

The  volume  of  proved  and  probable  oil  &  gas  reserves  is  an  estimate  that  affects  the  unit  of  production 
depreciation of producing oil & gas property, plant and equipment as well as being a significant estimate affecting 
decommissioning  provisions,  impairment  calculations  and  the  valuation  of  oil  &  gas  properties  in  business 
combinations.    Contingent  resources  affect  the  valuation  of  exploration  and  exploration  assets  acquired  in 
business combinations and the estimation of the recoverable value of those assets in impairment tests.  Proved 
and probable reserves and contingent resources are estimated using standard recognised evaluation techniques. 
Estimates are reviewed at least annually and are regularly estimated by independent consultants. Future  

development costs are estimated taking into account the level of development required to produce the reserves 
by reference to operators, where applicable, and internal engineers. 

The current long-term Brent oil price assumption used in the estimation of reserves is US$64/bbl. The carrying 
amount of oil & gas development and production assets at 30 September 2020 is shown in Note 12. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued) 

(iv) Recoverable value of intangible exploration and evaluation assets and goodwill  
The  Group  has  capitalised  intangible  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  in accordance  with  IFRS  6.  Significant 
judgement is required to determine whether it continues to be appropriate to carry these costs on the balance 
sheet and whether the assets have been impaired. 

The key areas in which management have applied judgement include the Group’s intention to proceed with a 
future work programme for  a prospect or licence, the likelihood of licence and planning permission renewal, 
plans  for  relinquishment,  assessment  of  results  from  wells  or  geological  or  geophysical  studies,  and  the 
assessment of whether the carrying value of the exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely to be recovered in 
full from successful development or by sale.   

Goodwill is assessed in each reporting period to determine whether there is any impairment.   

In both the above areas, the assessments include estimates and assumptions such as long-term oil prices, foreign 
exchange rates, discount rates, reserves, production profiles and capital expenditure, all of which are subject to 
risk and uncertainty.  It is possible therefore that changes in these estimates may impact the recoverable values 
of goodwill and exploration and evaluation assets. 

Details of the Group’s intangible exploration and evaluation assets and goodwill are disclosed in Note 11 to the 
financial statements. 

(v) Recoverable value of property, plant and equipment 
Management reviews the Group’s reported property, plant and equipment each reporting period to determine 
whether any indication of impairment exists. Where an indicator of impairment exists, a formal estimate of the 
recoverable amount is made, which requires the use of key assumptions and judgements.  such as long-term oil 
prices, foreign exchange rates, discount rates, reserves, production profiles and capital expenditure, all of which 
are subject to risk and uncertainty.  

Details of the Group’s property, plant and equipment are disclosed in Note 12 to the financial statements. 

(vi) Decommissioning costs 
The estimated cost of decommissioning at the end of the producing lives of fields is periodically reviewed and is 
based on forecast prices and technology at the balance sheet date. Provision is made for the estimated cost using 
a discounted cash flow method and a risk free rate of return.   

Details of the Group’s decommissioning provisions are disclosed in Note 20 to the financial statements 

(vii) Deferred tax asset recognition 
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will 
be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine 
the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future 
taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.  

Estimates of future taxable profits are based on cash flows expected to be generated from internal estimates of 
projected production and costs.  

Details of the Group’s deferred tax assets, including those not recognised due to uncertainty regarding the future 
utilisation, are disclosed in Note 9 to the financial statements. 

4.  Business Combinations and acquisition of non-controlling interests 

During the reporting period there were no business combinations or acquisition of non-controlling interests. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3.  Business Combinations and acquisition of non-controlling interests (continued) 

2019 Business Combinations: 
Acquisition of the Magellan Petroleum (UK) Investment Holdings Limited 
On 11 September 2019 through UK Oil & Gas PLC, the Group announced the completion of the acquisition of the 
Magellan Petroleum (UK) Investment Holdings Limited (“Magellan”), for a total consideration of £12,000,000, 
comprising £7,000,000 in UKOG ordinary shares and £5,000,000 in cash. £8,000,000 was paid at the acquisition 
date, with £3,000,000 deferred until 31 December 2019 and £1,000,000 deferred until 31 March 2020. 

The acquisition increased the Group’s direct interest in the Horse Hill oil field, held through the PEDL137 and 
PEDL246 licences, from 50.635% to 85.635%.  Following acquisition, Magellan was re-named “UKOG (137/246) 
Holdings Ltd”. 

The Company issued 275,988,960 shares as initial consideration. The fair value of the shares is calculated with 
reference to the quoted price of the shares of the Company at the date of acquisition, which was 1.087p per 
share.  Transaction  costs  of  £217,000  were  expensed  and  are  included  in  administrative  expenses.  The 
attributable costs of the issuance of the shares have been charged directly to equity as a reduction in the share 
premium. 

The fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of Magellan arising on the day of the business combination 
are as follows: 

Fair Value recognised on acquisition 

Assets 

Intangible Assets: Exploration Costs 

Trade & other receivables 

Cash 

Liabilities 

Trade & other payables 

Net identifiable assets acquired at fair value 

Total consideration / acquisition cost 

Excess value allocated to value of the Licences  

Purchase consideration 

Cash paid 

Shares issued 

Deferred consideration liability 

Total consideration 

Analysis of cash flows on acquisition 

Payment on acquisition of a subsidiary 

Net cash acquired on acquisition 

Transaction costs of the acquisition (included in cash flows from operating activities) 

Net cash flow on acquisition 

£’000 

840 

32 

0 

872 

(25) 

847 

12,000 

11,153 

5,000 

3,000 

4,000 

12,000 

(5,000) 

6 

(217) 

(5,211) 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

Business Combinations and acquisition of non-controlling interests (continued) 

Deferred consideration 
As part of the purchase agreement with the previous owner of Magellan, deferred consideration of £4,000,000 
was agreed.  This has been paid in UKOG shares with 331,125,828 shares issued at 0.906p each (£3,000,000) for 
settlement  on  31  December  2019  and  with  255,102,041  shares  issued  at  0.392  pence  each  (£1,000,000)  for 
settlement on 31 March 2020 

Acquisition of Horse Hill Developments Ltd (“HHDL”) 
Acquisition of a 6% interest in Horse Hill Developments Ltd 
On  21  February  2019,  through  UK  Oil  &  Gas  PLC,  the  Group  acquired  an  additional  6%  interest  in  Horse  Hill 
Developments Ltd, increasing its ownership interest to 77.9%.  Equity consideration of £2,100,000 was paid to 
the non-controlling shareholders, through the issuance of 129,629,630 UKOG shares at 1.62p per share.  The 
carrying value of the net assets of Horse Hill Developments Ltd (excluding goodwill on the original acquisition) 
was £31,000.  Following is a schedule of additional interest acquired in Horse Hill Developments Ltd: 

Equity consideration paid to non-controlling shareholders 

Loan balances novated on acquisition 

Additional cash consideration paid to Gunsynd PLC in relation to prior acquisition 

Carrying value of the additional interest in Horse Hill Developments Ltd 

Difference recognised in retained earnings 

£’000 

2,100 

(784) 

60 

(538) 

838 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

5.  Segment Reporting 
All  of  the  Group’s  assets  and  operations  are  located  in  the  United  Kingdom.  For  management  purposes,  the 
Group is organised into business units based on the main types of activities and has three reportable segments, 
as follows: 

•  Oil exploration and production: includes producing business activities 
•  Oil exploration and evaluation: includes non-producing activities. 
•  Head Office, corporate and administrative, including parent company activities. 

The Board of Directors monitors the operating results of its business units separately for the purpose of making 
decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on 
operating profit or loss and is measured consistently with operating profit or loss in the consolidated financial 
statements. However, the Group’s financing (including finance costs and finance income) and income taxes are 
managed on a group basis and are not allocated to operating segments. 

The accounting policies used by the Group in reporting segments internally are the same as those used in the 
financial statements. 

Subject to further acquisitions and/or disposals, the Group expects to further review its segmental information 
during the forthcoming financial year, as it begins to see the full impact of its acquisitions and/or disposals. 

Group 

Year ended 30 September 2020 
Revenue 
External Customers 
Total revenue 
Results 
Depreciation, Depletion & 
Amortisation 
Exploration and Production 
Write offs & Impairment 
Profit/(loss) before & after 
taxation 

Segment assets 

Segment liabilities 

Other disclosures: 
Goodwill on acquisition 
Capital expenditure (1) 

Oil production  
£’000 

Oil exploration 
& evaluation 
£’000 

Corporate & 
Administrative 
£’000 

Consolidated 
£’000 

908 
908 

- 
- 

(756) 

(573) 

(10,652) 

(6,598) 

(17,870) 

10,011 

(3,788) 

- 
1,770 

(689) 

4,641 

(890) 

- 
7,360 

- 
- 

(38) 

- 

908 
908 

(1,367) 

(17,250) 

(2,378) 

(20,937) 

25,502 

40,154 

(1,418) 

(6,096) 

- 
- 

- 
9,130 

(1) Capital expenditure consists of capitalised exploration expenditure, development expenditure, additions to 
oil & gas properties and to other intangible assets including expenditure on assets from the acquisition of 
subsidiaries. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

5. Segment Reporting (continued) 

Group 

Year ended 30 September 2019 
Revenue 
External Customers 
Total revenue 
Results 
Depreciation, Depletion & 
Amortisation 
Exploration Write offs & 
Impairment 
Profit/(loss) before & after 
taxation 

Segment assets 

Segment liabilities 

Oil production  
£’000 

Oil exploration 
& evaluation 
£’000 

Corporate & 
Administrative 
£’000 

Consolidated 
£’000 

213 
213 

(17) 

- 

21 

310 

(101) 

- 
- 

(200) 

(2) 

(602) 

45,603 

(9,415) 

- 
- 

(8) 

- 

213 
213 

(225) 

(2) 

(4,813) 

(5,394) 

8,807 

54,720 

(4,410) 

(13,926) 

Other disclosures: 
Goodwill on acquisition 
17,443 
Capital expenditure (1) 
3,253 
(1) Capital expenditure consists of capitalised exploration expenditure, development expenditure, additions to 
oil & gas properties and to other intangible assets including expenditure on assets from the acquisition of 
subsidiaries. 

17,443 
3,253 

- 
- 

- 
- 

6.  Operating Loss 

Group 

Operating (loss) is stated after charging: 

– Directors’ remuneration – fees & salaries 

– Employee Benefit Trust charge 

– Auditors’ remuneration 

        Audit-related assurance services  

        Other compliance services 

– Depletion of oil & gas properties 

2020 

£'000 

2019 

£'000 

515 

7 

56 

- 

743 

855 

25 

43 

- 

15 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.  Directors and Employees 

The Company employed the services of an average of 13 Employees in the year (2019: 11), of which an average 
of 4 (2019: 4) were executive and non-executive Directors. Remuneration in respect of these employees was: 

Group 

Employment costs, including Directors, during the year: 
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Employee pension costs 
Consultancy fees 
Benefits in kind 
Share based payments 

Average number of persons, including executive Directors employed 
Administration 
Operations 

Directors’ remuneration 
Emoluments 

Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Allen Howard 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor 
Total Directors Emoluments 

2020 
£'000 

1,423 
179 
11 
- 
6 
- 
1,619 

No. 
7 
6 
13 

£'000 
519 

2020 
£'000 

301 
115 
54 
49 
519 

2020 
S Sanderson 
K Morzaria 
A Howard  
N Mardon Taylor  

2019 
S Sanderson 
K Morzaria 
A Howard 
N Mardon Taylor  

Fees and 
salaries 
£’000 
297 
115 
54 
49 
515 

Fees and 
salaries 
£’000 
313 
116 
60 
55 
545 

Bonuses 

Pension 

£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

£’000 
1 
- 
- 
- 
1 

Bonuses 

Pension 

£’000 
310 
- 
- 
- 
310 

£’000 
1 
- 
- 
- 
1 

Benefits in 
Kind 
£’000 
3 
- 
- 
- 
3 

Benefits in 
Kind 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Share based  
payments (*) 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Share based  
payments (*) 
£’000 
142 
37 
29 
23 
231 

2019 
£'000 

1,401 
180 
7 
200 
- 
693 
2,481 

No. 
7 
4 
11 

£'000 
1,086 

2020 
£'000 

766 
153 
89 
78 
1,086 

Total 

£’000 
301 
115 
54 
49 
519 

Total 

£’000 
766 
153 
89 
78 
1,086 

* Share based payments are non-cash remuneration by way of the issue of share options in the company. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

8. 

 Finance Costs 

Loan interest due to non-controlling interests 

Convertible loan note fees 

Unwind discount on decommissioning provision 

Finance Costs 

9. 

  Income Tax 

2020 

£'000 

111 

175 

23 

309 

2019 

£'000 

258 

312 

37 

607 

There is no tax credit on the loss for the current or prior year.  The tax assessed for the year differs from the 
standard rate of corporation tax in the UK as follows: 

Loss for the year before tax 
Tax rate 40% (30% for ring fence activities plus 
10% ring fence supplement) 

Expected tax credit 

Tax adjustment for non-deductible expenditure 

Tax impact of capital allowances 

Impact of losses taxed at different rates 

Tax impact of losses carried forward 

Future income tax benefit not brought to account 

Actual tax expense 

2020 

£'000 

(19,041) 

40% 

(7,616) 

388 

(10) 

576 

6584 

78 

- 

2019 

£'000 

(5,394) 

19% 

(1,025) 

154 

- 

- 

- 

871 

 -  

The Group estimated carried forward tax losses are £6,529,000. None of which are recognised as a deferred tax 
asset. 

10.    Earnings per Share 

The calculation of the basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the consolidated loss attributable to the equity 
holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. 

Group 
(Loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for  
calculating basic loss per share 

Basic and diluted loss per share 

2020 
£’000 
(20,937) 

2019 
£’000 
(5,394) 

Number 

Number 

8,577,532,755 

5,857,965,158 

Pence 

(0.24) 

Pence 

(0.09) 

As  inclusion  of  the  potential  ordinary  shares  would  result  in  a  decrease  in  the  earnings  per  share  they  are 
considered to be anti-dilutive, as such, a diluted earnings per share is not included. The potential amount of 
dilutive shares is 351,931,372, which represents the outstanding options and warrants. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

11.    Intangible assets 

Exploration & 
evaluation 
costs 
£’000 

Group 
Decommissioning 
Asset 

Goodwill 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Company 
Exploration & 
evaluation 
costs 
£’000 

Cost & Net Book Value 
As at 1 October 2018 
Acquired through Business 
Combinations (Note 4) 
Additions 
Revenues from sale of by-
product 
Exploration Write offs 
Amortisation 
As at 30 September 2019 

Reclassification (Note 4) 
Additions 
Revenues from sale of by-
product 
Transfers 
Exploration Write offs & 
Amortisation 
As at 30 September 2020 

22,644 

841 
6,150 
(2,411) 

- 
- 
27,224 

17,443 
9,116 

(1,755) 
(14,869) 
(7,899) 
- 
29,259 

362 

6,290 

29,296 

1,400 

- 
7 

- 
- 
(13) 
355 

- 
596 

- 
(173) 
(494) 
- 
285 

11,153 
- 

- 
- 
- 
17,443 

(17,443) 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

11,994 
6,157 

(2,411) 
- 
(13) 
45,021 

- 
9,712 

(1,755) 
(15,042) 
(8,392) 
- 
29,544 

- 
901 
- 

- 
- 
2,344 

- 
601 

- 
- 
(1,302) 
- 
1,643 

Revenues from the sale of hydrocarbons produced as a by-product of testing and evaluation activities have been 
offset against the costs of the intangible asset.  These totalled £1,755,000 in the year (2019: £2,411,000). 

Directors have assessed the fair value of the exploration & evaluation assets as at 30 September 2020. In March 
2020 the first Horse Hill well was put into production and as a result the carrying value this well of £14.86 million 
was transferred from exploration & evaluation assets to oil & gas Properties. 

An  impairment  review  was  carried  out  on  the  exploration  &  evaluation  assets.  As  a  result  the  remaining 
intangible assets associated with the first Horse Hill well and a sidetrack of the second Horse Hill well were fully 
impaired, the latter being impaired as it is currently planned to be used as a water injector for the first Horse Hill 
well and forms part of the net present value of the asset. During the period the Group also relinquished PEDL143, 
therefore the exploration and evaluation assets associated with this were also impaired. 

As a result of the above there was an impairment charge of £7.89 million during the period. 

Exploration and evaluation activity involves the search for hydrocarbon resources, the determination of technical 
feasibility and the assessment of commercial viability of an identified resource. The additions during the year 
reflect the associated exploration and evaluation activities.  

At this point the Company is still assessing the potential of the remaining assets and will continue to develop and 
evaluate these assets in the coming year. Since their acquisition dates there has been no further material changes 
to the Licence areas. The directors therefore consider that no further impairment is required at 30 September 
2020, other than detailed above. 

67 

 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

12.  Oil & Gas Properties 

Oil & gas 
properties 
2020 
£’000 

1,699 
14,869 
- 
- 
16,568 

(265) 
(743) 
(9,350) 
(10,358) 

Decommissioning 
Asset 

2020 
£’000 

- 
173 
- 
20 
193 

- 
(23) 
- 
(23) 

Property, 
plant & 
equipment 
2020 
£’000 

435 
- 
- 
1,746 
2,180 

(243) 
(84) 
- 
(328) 

Total 
2020 
£’000 

2,134 
15,042 
- 
1,766 
18,941 

(508) 
(850) 
(9,350) 
(10,709) 

Total 
2019 
£’000 

2,006 

- 
128 
2,134 

(297) 
(210) 
- 
(507) 

6,210 

170 

1,852 

8,238 

1,709 

Group 
Cost 
As at 1 October 
Transfers 
Reclassifications 
Additions 
As at 30 September 

Depletion & impairment 
As at 1 October 
Depletion charge 
Impairment 
As at 30 September 

Carrying value 
As at 30 September 

Impairment Review 

The Directors have carried out an impairment review as at 30 September 2020. The Directors determined that 
the net present value of the HH-1 well was £4.78 million and therefore determined that HH-1 should be impaired 
by £9.35 million. The net present value utilised an internally generated depletion curve that was independently 
reviewed. Costs we based on current costs less any anticipated savings. A long-term Brent oil price of US$64/bbl. 
was used, with a discount rate of 8.9% being the weighted average costs of capital of Horse Hill Developments 
Ltd  the  holding  company  of  HH-1.  Based  on  current  production  at  Horndean  no  impairment  was  deemed 
necessary. 

Company 
Cost 
As at 1 October 
Reclassifications 
Additions 
As at 30 September 

Depletion & impairment 
As at 1 October 
Depletion charge 
As at 30 September 

Carrying value 
As at 30 September 

Property, plant & 
equipment 
£’000 

116 

1,699 
1,815 

(8) 
- 
(34) 

1,773 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

13.    Investment in Subsidiaries 

Company 

Cost and net book amount 
At 1 October 
Additions in the year 
Impairment 
At 30 September 

2020 
£’000 

26,206  
- 
(4,800) 
21,406 

2019 
£’000 

12,785  
13,421 
- 
26,206 

The Directors carried out and impairment review as at the 30 September 2020 of the Company’s Investment in 
its subsidiaries. As a result the Directors determined to impair its investment in Horse Hill Developments Ltd by 
£4.8 million. 

The Company holds more than 50 per cent of the share capital of the following companies as at 30 September 
2020: 

Company 

UKOG (GB) Limited 

UKOG Solent Limited 

UKOG Weald Limited 

UKOG (234) Limited  

Horse Hill Developments Ltd 

UKOG (137/246) Holdings Ltd 

UKOG (Turkey) Ltd  

UK Oil & Gas Investments Limited  

Country of 
Registration 

Proportion 
held 

Functional 
Currency 

Nature of 
business 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

77.9% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

GB£ 

Oil production 

Oil exploration 

Oil exploration 

Oil exploration 

Oil exploration 

Holding Company 

Oil exploration 

Dormant 

All subsidiary undertakings are included in the consolidation. The proportion of the voting rights in the subsidiary 
undertaking held directly by the parent company do not differ from the proportion of the ordinary shares held. 
The following companies are taking an exception from the audit of the financial statements as per S479A of the 
Companies  Act;  UKOG  (GB)  Limited  (04050227),  UKOG  Solent  Limited  (05000092),  UKOG  Weald  Limited 
(04991234), UKOG (234) Ltd (07055133), UKOG (137/246) Holdings Ltd (09010542). 

14.    Investment in Associate 

Group and Company 

Carrying Value as at 1 October 
Net equity additions at cost 
Share of associates loss for the year 
Transferred to investment in subsidiaries 
Carrying Value as at 30 September 

2020 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2019 
£’000 
5,003 
3,371 
(419) 
(7,955) 
 -  

On  25  September  2019,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  a  further  22%  interest  in  Horse  Hill 
Developments Ltd for a total consideration of £6,600,000 (cash £425,000 and UKOG share issues £6,175,000) 
and net loan acquisitions of £3,229,000. This increase resulted in increasing the Company’s holding to 77.9% and 
reclassified the investment as a subsidiary. See Note 5 – Business Combinations for further details  

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

15.    Inventory 

Group 

Inventories - Crude Oil 

Total 

16.    Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade debtors 
Other debtors 
Loans to subsidiary companies 
Prepayments and accrued income 
Total 

2020 
£’000 

2019 
£’000 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Group 

Company 

2020 
£’000 
19 
442 
- 
281 
742 

2019 
£’000 
294 
422 
- 
463 
1,179 

2020 
£’000 
9 
356 
26,690 
182 
27,236 

2019 
£’000 
4 
181 
26,974 
125 
27,284 

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value. 

17.    Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Total 

18.    Trade and Other Payables 

Current trade and other payables 
Trade creditors 
Other creditors 
Accruals and deferred income 
Deferred consideration payable 
Total 

Group 

Company 

2020 
£’000 

1,634 
1,634 

2019 
£’000 

6,892 
6,892 

2020 
£’000 

1,346 
1,346 

2019 
£’000 

6,196 
6,916 

Group 

Company 

2020 
£’000 
1,362 
483 
136 
- 
1,981 

2019 
£’000 
637 
62 
1,327 
4,000 
6,026 

2020 
£’000 
1,199 
49 
171 
- 
1,419 

2019 
£’000 
63 
60 
307 
4,000 
4,430 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

19.    Borrowings 

Borrowings 
Loans payable to Non-Controlling Interests 
Convertible Loan Notes 
Total 

Group 

Company 

2020 
£’000 
3,084 
- 
3,084 

2019 
£’000 
2,973 
4,500 
7,473 

2020 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 

2019 
£’000 
- 
4,500 
4,500 

At 30 September 2020, the outstanding loan balances owed to HHDL’s shareholders were; Alba £2.60 million 
(2019: £2.43m), Doriemus £0.59 million (2019: £0.55) and UK Oil & Gas PLC £16.60 million (2019: £11.67m). The 
loans are payable on determination by the Board of HHDL. The loans currently attract an interest rate of 10% 
above Bank of England base Rate. 

Convertible Loan Financing 
In  August  2019,  the  Company  entered  into  a  £5.5  million  loan  agreement  (Loan)  with  Riverfort  Global 
Opportunities PCC Limited and YA II PN Ltd (Investors). The £5.5 million was drawn down on 16 August 2019. The 
draw downs of the loans attracted total fees of £312,000 in accordance with the terms thereof. 

The  Loan  attracted  0%  interest  and  could  at  the  sole  discretion  of  the  Investors,  be  converted  at  the  sole 
discretion of the Investors into new ordinary shares in the Company. The conversion price is the lower of either 
a share price of 130% of the Company's average daily VWAP of the 5 days prior to the Loan drawdown (Fixed 
Conversion Price), or 90% of the Company's lowest daily VWAP during the 5 days prior to the conversion date 
(Variable Conversion Price). The Fixed Conversion Price is 1.3664 pence being the average daily VWAP for the 5 
days preceding the date on which the full £5.5m was drawn down. 

The Loan was convertible by the Investors in tranches of not less than £150,000, with a limit of £3 million per 
quarter, unless otherwise agreed by the Company. The Company could elect to repay in cash all or part of the 
Loan prior to term end.  

The Loan also included a provision which prevents the Investors, or any of their affiliates, from holding any net 
short position with respect to UKOG's equity and, with full disclosure to UKOG, restricts the Investors' trades, on 
any given day, to no more than 15% of the number of UKOG shares traded that day.  

At  30  September  2020  the  Loan  had  been  fully  repaid.  £2,675,000  was  repaid  through  the  issue  of  shares 
(621,406,132 during the period, at an average 0.43 pence per share) and £1,750,000 was paid in cash.  Early 
repayment fees / commissions of £175,000 were also paid. 

20.    Provisions - Decommissioning 

Group 
As at 1 October 
Additions 
Release 
Unwind discount 
As at 30 September 

2020 
£’000 
427 
616 
(11) 
- 
1,031 

2019 
£’000 
1,341 
59 
(936) 
(37) 
427 

The  amount  provided  at  30  September  2020  represents  the  Group’s  share  of  decommissioning  liabilities  in 
respect of the producing Horndean and Avington fields, and the Broadford Bridge and Horse Hill drilling sites.  

The Company makes full provision for the future cost of decommissioning oil production facilities and pipelines 
on  a  discounted  basis  on  the  installation  of  those  facilities.  The  decommissioning  provision  represents  the 
present value of decommissioning costs relating to oil & gas properties.  

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

20. Provisions- Decommissioning (continued) 

These  provisions  have  been  created  based  on  the  Company’s  internal  estimates.  Assumptions  based  on  the 
current economic environment have been made, which management believes are a reasonable basis upon which 
to estimate the future liability. These estimates are reviewed regularly to take into account any material changes 
to the assumptions.  

However,  actual  decommissioning  costs  will  ultimately  depend  upon  future  market  prices  for  the  necessary 
decommissioning works required that will reflect market conditions at the relevant time. Furthermore, the timing 
of decommissioning is likely to depend on when the fields cease to produce at economically viable rates. This, in 
turn, will depend upon future oil & gas prices, which are inherently uncertain. 

21.    Share Capital 

Ordinary Shares 

Issued at 30 September 2018 

On 21 January 2019, for acquisition at 1.44p per share 

On 20 February 2019, for acquisition at 1.62p per share 

On 27 March 2019, placing for cash at 1.05p per share 

On 31 May 2019, for acquisition at 1.16p per share 

On 31 May 2019, for acquisition at 1.16p per share 

On 11 September 2019, for acquisition at 1.81p per share 

For conversion of loan notes (at prices from 0.98p to 1.07p) 
On 30 September 2019, placing to Employee Benefits Trust at 
par 

Issued at 30 September 2019 

On 2 December 2019, placing for cash at 0.85p per share 

On 02 January 2020, for acquisition at 0.91p per share 

On 01 April 2020, for acquisition at 0.39p per share 

On 30 April 2020, placing for cash at 0.20p per share 

On 3 June 2020, placing for cash at 0.20p per share 

On 24 June, warrant exercise at 0.20p per share 

On 08 July 2020, for acquisition at 0.20p per share 

For conversion of loan notes (at prices from 0.19p to 0.98p) 

Issued at 30 September 2020 

Number of 
ordinary shares 

Nominal 
Value 

5,566,654,230 

17,989,326 

129,629,630 

333,333,330 

25,951,557 

9,731,834 

275,988,960 

98,288,303 

£ 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

201,000,000 

0.0001 

6,658,567,170 

235,294,117 

331,125,828 

255,102,041 

637,500,000 

2,100,000,000 

129,375,000 

131,014,768 

621,406,132 

11,099,385,057 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

0.0001 

Total 
Value 

£’000 

557 

2 

13 

33 

3 

1 

28 

9 

20 

666 

24 

33 

25 

64 

210 

13 

13 

62 

1,110 

Deferred shares 
The Company has in existence at 30 September 2020 and at 30 September 2019, 1,158,385,229 deferred shares 
of 0.001p. These deferred shares do not carry voting rights. 

Total Ordinary and Deferred Shares 
The issued share capital as at 30 September 2020 is as follows: 

Number  
of shares 

Nominal Value 
£ 

Total Value 
£’000 

Ordinary shares 
Deferred shares 

11,099,385,057 
1,158,385,352,229 

0.0001 
0.00001 

1,110 
11,584 
12,694 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

22.  Share Based Payments 

No options were granted during the year (2019: 121.5 million). 

As at 30 September 2020 the options in issue were: 

Exercise price 

1.15p 
1.6p 
1.13p 

Expiry date 

Options in issue 
  30 September 2020 

24 May 2022 
12 April 2023 
25 September 2024 

117,000,000 
17,500,000 
121,500,000 

256,000,000 

No options were exercised, and no options were cancelled during the year (2019: 12,000,000 exercised). 
45,000,000 options lapsed during the year (2019: 35,000,000). 

Warrants 
As of 30 September 2020, 40,931,372 warrants were in issue (2019: nil). 

153,638,706 warrants were issued during the year (2019: 30,555,000). No warrants lapsed during the year (2019: 
nil). 129,375,000 warrants were exercised during the year (2019: 30,555,000 exercised). 

Employee Benefit Trust 
The Company established on 29 September 2014; an employee benefit trust called the UK Oil & Gas Employee 
Benefit  Trust  (EBT)  to  implement  the  use  of  the  Company's  existing  share  incentive  plan  over  10%  of  the 
Company's issued share capital from time to time in as efficient a manner as possible for the beneficiaries of that 
plan. The EBT is a discretionary trust for the benefit of directors, employees and consultants of the Company. 
The  shares  held  in  the  EBT  are  intended  to  be  used  to  satisfy  future  awards  made  by  the  Company's 
Remuneration Committee under the share incentive scheme 

On  30  September  2019,  the  Trustees  subscribed  for  201,000,000  new  ordinary  shares  of  0.01p  each  in  the 
Company, at par value per Ordinary Share at an aggregate cost to the Company of £20,100, such new Ordinary 
Shares representing 3.1% of the existing issued share capital of the Company.  

The EBT did not subscribe to further shares during the year to 30 September 2020.  The balance of new ordinary 
shares held by the EBT on 30 September 2020 was 250,000,000 (2019: 49,000,000).  Awards of Ordinary Shares 
to beneficiaries by the EBT will be subject to appropriate vesting and other performance conditions, in line with 
normal market practice, which will be set by the Remuneration Committee. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

23.  Share-Based Payments 

Details of share options and warrants granted during the year to Directors, consultants & employees over the 
ordinary shares are as follows: 

At 1 
October 
2019 
No. 

Issued 
during 
the 
year 
No. 

lapsed / 
exercised 
during the 
year 
No. 

Million  million 

million 

At 30 
September 
2020 

No. 

million 
10 
5 
20 
6.5 
- 
25 
25 

4 
115.5 
62 
- 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

Exercise 
price 
£ 

0.0115 
0.0113 
0.0115 
0.0113 
0.0040 
0.0115 
0.0113 

24/05/2022 
25/05/2017 
25/09/2024 
27/09/2019 
24/05/2022 
25/05/2017 
25/09/2024 
27/09/2019 
31/12/2019 
13/04/2018 
25/05/2017 
24/05/2022 
27/09/2019  25/09/2024 

0.0113 

27/09/2019  25/09/2024 

0.0115 
0.0040 

25/05/2017 
13/04/2018 

24/05/2022 
31/12/2019 

(25) 

(10) 

Share 
options 
A Howard 
A Howard 
K Morzaria 
K Morzaria 
S Sanderson 
S Sanderson 
S Sanderson 
N Mardon 
Taylor 

Consultants 
Consultants 
Consultants 
& 
employees 
Consultants 
& 
employees 

10 
5 
20 
6.5 
25 
25 
25 

4 
120.5 
62 
10 

17.5 

81 
291 

- 

17.5 

0.0160 

13/04/2018 

12/04/2023 

- 

81 
276 

0.0113 

27/09/2019 

25/09/2024 

The share price range during the year was £0.0016 to £0.0115 (2019 - £0.0082 to £0.0208). 

The  disclosure  of  Weighted  Average  Exercise  Prices,  and  Weighted  Average  Contractual  Life  analysis  is  not 
viewed  as  informative  because  of  the  minimal  variation  of  options  currently  in  issue,  and  therefore  has 
accordingly not been disclosed. 

For those options granted where IFRS 2 "Share-Based Payment" is applicable, the fair values were calculated 
using the Black-Scholes model.  The inputs into the model were as follows: 

13 April 2018 (0.4p) 

13 April 2018 (1.6p) 

27 September 2019 (1.13p) 

Risk free 
rate 

Share price 
volatility 

Expected life 

Share price at 
date of grant 

0.8% 

0.9% 

0.4% 

128.9% 

128.9% 

63.13% 

1.72 years 

5 years 

5 years 

£0.015 

£0.015 

£0.011 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company's share price for 12 
months  prior  to  the  date  of  grant.    The  expected  life  used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on 
management's  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions  and  behavioural 
considerations. The Company recognised total expenses of £0 (2019: £693,000) relating to equity-settled share-
based payment transactions during the year, and £0 (2019: £472,000)  was transferred via equity to retained 
earnings on the exercising or lapse of options during the year. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

24.  Financial Instruments and Risk Analysis 

Financial Assets by Category 
The  categories  of  financial  asset,  all  included  initially  measured  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  carried  at 
amortised cost in the balance sheet and the headings in which they are included are as follows: 

Current assets – Group 

Inventory 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

2020 
£’000 
1 
742 
1,634 
2,377 

2019 
£’000 
1 
1,179 
6,892 
8,072 

Financial Liabilities by Category 
The categories of financial liability all included at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost in the 
balance sheet and the headings in which they are included are as follows: 

Current liabilities – Group 

Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

2020 
£’000 
1,981 
3,084 
5,065 

2019 
£’000 
6,025 
7,473 
13,498 

The group is exposed to market risk through its use of financial instruments and specifically to credit risk, and 
liquidity  risk  which  result  from  both  its  operating  and  investing  activities.  The  group's  risk  management  is 
coordinated at its head office, in close co-operation with the board of Directors, and focuses on actively securing 
the group's short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure to financial markets.  

Long term financial investments are managed to generate lasting returns. The group does not actively engage in 
the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant financial 
risks to which the group is exposed to are described below. 

Interest Rate Sensitivity 
The group is not substantially exposed to interest rate sensitivity, other than in relation to interest bearing bank 
accounts. The Group only has borrowings at a fixed coupon rate of 1%+BOE and therefore minimal interest rate 
risk, as this is deemed its only material exposure thereto. 

Credit Risk Analysis 
The group's exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of trade receivables and cash at bank. The 
group continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties, identified either individually or by 
Company,  and  incorporates  this  information  into  its  credit  risk  controls.  Where  available  at  reasonable  cost, 
external credit ratings and/or reports on customers and other counterparties are obtained and used.  

The group's policy is to deal only with creditworthy counterparties. Group management considers that trade 
receivables  that  are  not  impaired  for  each  of  the  reporting  dates  under  review  are  of  good  credit  quality, 
including those that are past due. None of the group's financial assets are secured by collateral or other credit 
enhancements. The credit risk for liquid funds and other short-term financial assets is considered negligible since 
the counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. 

Liquidity Risk Analysis 

The majority of the Group’s liabilities are contractually due within one year. The loan note due from HHDL to 
Alba and Doriemus is payable on determination by the Board of HHDL.  

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

24.  Financial Instruments and Risk Analysis (continued) 
The group’s continued future operations depend on the ability to raise sufficient working capital through the 
issue of equity share capital. The Directors are confident that adequate funding will be forthcoming with which 
to finance operations. Controls over expenditure are carefully managed.   

Capital Management Policies 

The group's capital management objectives are to: 
- 
- 
- 

Ensure the group's ability to continue as a going concern; and 
Provide a return to shareholders 
To provide capital for the purpose of strengthening the Group's risk management capability. 

The  Group  actively  and  regularly  reviews  and  manages  its  capital  structure,  to  ensure  an  optimal  capital 
structure, and equity holder returns, taking into consideration the future capital requirements of the Group and 
capital  efficiency,  prevailing  and  projected  profitability,  projected  operating  cash  flows,  projected  capital 
expenditures and projected strategic investment opportunities. Management regards total equity as capital and 
reserves, for capital management purposes. 

Commodity Price Risk 
The Group is exposed to the risk of fluctuations in prevailing market commodity prices on the mix of oil & gas 
products it produces. The Group’s policy is to manage these risks through the use of contract-based prices with 
customers. 

Commodity Price Sensitivity 
The table below summarises the impact on profit before tax for changes in commodity prices. The analysis is 
based on the assumption that the crude oil price moves 10% resulting in a change of US$ 6.84/bbl (2019: US$ 
6.68/bbl),  with  all  other  variables  held  constant.  Reasonably  possible  movements  in  commodity  prices  were 
determined based on a review of the last two years’ historical prices and economic forecasters’ expectations. 

Increase/decrease in crude oil prices 

Increase US$ 6.84 /bbl (2019: US$ 6.68/bbl) 
Decrease US$ 6.84 /bbl (2019: US$ 6.68/bbl)  

Effect on profit before 
tax for the year ended 
30 September 2020 
Increase/(Decrease) 

Effect on profit before 
tax for the year ended 
30 September 2019 
Increase/(Decrease) 

£’000 
98 
(98) 

£’000 
21 
(21) 

Currency Risk 
The  Group  has  no  significant  monetary  assets  or  liabilities  that  are  denominated  in  a  foreign  currency.  The 
Group’s  exposed  to  currency  risk,  with  the  price  of  Brent  Crude  Oil  being  denominated  in  US$.  The  current 
exposure is not seen as material, with the current level of revenue being generated therefrom. The Board will 
continue to monitor this risk as the operations and/or revenues increase. 

25. Commitments & Contingent Liabilities 

As at 30 September 2020, the Group had the following material commitments; 

Ongoing exploration expenditure is required to maintain title to the Group’s exploration permits. No provision 
has been made in the financial statements for these amounts as the expenditure is expected to be fulfilled in the 
normal course of the operations of the Group. 

There were no contingent liabilities at 30 September 2020. 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

26. Events after the Reporting Date 

Apart from the those disclosed in the Strategic Report which forms part of these Annual Report and Accounts, 
there are no events to report after the reporting date. 

27. Related Party Transactions  

Transactions with Related Parties 
In February 2019 the UK Oil & Gas PLC engaged Apex Completions, LLC (Apex) as a consultant to the Company. 
Allen Howard, UKOG's Non-Executive Chairman, is a Director of and a shareholder in Apex and, as a result, the 
Agreement is considered a related party transaction. Apex was engaged to help the Company further develop its 
understanding  of  the  Portland  and  Kimmeridge  reservoirs.  The  Agreement  provides  for  Apex  to  periodically 
invoice the Company for work carried out based upon the time spent by its personnel.  During the year Apex 
charged consultancy fees of £82,000 (2019 – £531,000). 

During the year, consultancy fees of £nil (2019 - £200,000) were charged to the Company by Matt Cartwright 
Consulting Limited, a company of which Mr Matt Cartwright, UKOG’s Commercial Director is the sole director. 
£nil was outstanding at the year-end (2019: £nil). 

Remuneration of Key Management Personnel 
The remuneration of the directors, and other key management personnel of the Company, is set out below in 
aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS24 Related Party Disclosures 

Short-term employee benefits 
Consultancy fees 
Share-based payments 

28. Ultimate Controlling Party 

In the opinion of the directors there is no controlling party.  

2020 
£’000 

1046 
- 
- 
1046 

2019 
£’000 

1,126 
200 
516 
1,842 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION 

Company registration number 

05299925 

Registered office 

Directors 

Secretary 

Auditors 

Nominated Adviser 

Solicitors  

Registrars 

The Broadgate Tower 8th Floor 
20 Primrose Street 
London 
EC2A 2EW 

Allen Howard 
Stephen Sanderson 
Kiran Morzaria 
Nicholas Mardon Taylor 

Kiran Morzaria 

PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
Registered Auditor 
15 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf 
London, E14 4HD 

WH Ireland Limited 
24 Martin Lane 
London, EC4R 0DR 

Hill Dickinson 
The Broadgate Tower 8th Floor 
20 Primrose Street 
London, EC2A 2EW 

Share Registrars Limited 
The Courtyard, 
17 West Street 
Farnham, 
Surrey, GU9 7DR 

78