Aramark Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

A R A M A R K 2 0 1 8 A N N U A L R E P O R T EXPERIENCES THAT MATTER www.aramark.com 2018 | Annual Report ©2018 Aramark 5910_CVR_C1.indd 1 5910_CVR_C1.indd 1 12/19/18 9:54 PM 12/19/18 9:54 PM DEAR FELLOW SHAREHOLDERS I AM PLEASED TO REPORT THAT 2018 WAS ANOTHER RECORD YEAR FOR OUR COMPANY ACROSS KEY FINANCIAL METRICS, INCLUDING REVENUE, MARGIN, PROFIT, AND EARNINGS. We also strengthened our bal ance sheet and smoothly integrated the two largest acquisitions in Aramark’s history. As the capstone of our achievements, 2018 marked our fifth straight year of double-digit adjusted EPS growth— a feat matched by exceptionally few companies—as we continue our transformation journey to ensure consistently profitable growth. Our winning results are detailed in this report, and I appl aud the entire Aramark team for this year’s success. Let me share the 2018 highlights with you. Eric J. Foss, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer CORPOR ATE INFORMA TION SENIOR MANAGEMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS TRANSFER AGENT Eric J. Foss Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Harrald Kroeker* Senior Vice President, Integration Lynn B. McKee Executive Vice President, Human Resources Stephen R. Reynolds Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary *Retiring effective December 31, 2018 Eric J. Foss Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Aramark Computershare 480 Washington Blvd. Jersey City, NJ 07310 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 2400 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-238-3000 WEBSITE www.aramark.com INVESTOR RELATIONS DEPARTMENT 215-409-7287 investorrelations@aramark.com AUDITOR KPMG LLP Philadelphia, PA Sanjeev K. Mehra Former Advisory Director and Vice Chairman, Global Private Equity, Merchant Banking Division, Goldman Sachs & Co., Lead Director Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant Honorary President and Chief Executive Officer, Delhaize Group Lisa G. Bisaccia Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, CVS Health Corporation Calvin Darden Former Senior Vice President, U.S. Operations, United Parcel Service, Inc. Richard W. Dreiling Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dollar General Corporation Irene M. Esteves Former Chief Financial Officer, Time Warner Cable, Inc. Daniel J. Heinrich Former Chief Financial Officer, The Clorox Company Patricia B. Morrison Former Executive Vice President, Customer Support Services & Chief Information Officer, Cardinal Health, Inc. John A. Quelch Dean, Miami Business School, and Vice Provost, University of Miami Stephen I. Sadove Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Saks Incorporated 5910_CVR_C1.indd 2 5910_CVR_C1.indd 2 12/19/18 9:54 PM 12/19/18 9:54 PM OUR PERFORMANCE Our success starts by listening closely to our consumers and clients and keeping a steady focus on quality, innovation, health and wellness, and brand building. We elevated the experiences Aramark creates by upping our service levels and enhancing our offerings, while introducing new technology behind each. This included launching new premium and core brands, partnering with fresh, exciting, and innovative concepts, and deploying integrated technologies to provide seamless consumer interactions. These initiatives are driving dramatic improvements in consumer satisfaction and solidifying client loyalty. We achieved those advances while simultaneously strengthening our competitive position by relentlessly championing productivity throughout our operations. We successfully navigated tight labor markets, carefully managed our largest cost centers of food and labor, and relentlessly attacked complexity across the supply chain and every aspect of our business. These efforts yielded steady margin growth in 2018, and enabled us to deliver on our promised three-year margin target right on schedule. Last year’s performance was capped by strategically repositioning the company’s portfolio. We initiated the exit of a non-core business and completed the integration of Avendra and AmeriPride—each of which would have represented Aramark’s largest acquisition as a stand-alone addition. Avendra substantially increases our purchasing scale and power. Since 2015, we have grown the company’s annual procurement spend from $5 billion to $12 billion today. AmeriPride also greatly expands our scale and broadens our geographic scope in the highly attractive and growing Uniforms industry. These strategic, synergistic, and accretive deals further optimize our portfolio while bolstering our competitiveness. OUR PURPOSE High performance like we achieved is impossible unless team members are united in a shared purpose. At Aramark, our purpose revolves around our mission to “Enrich and Nourish Lives,” which brings together 270,000 committed team members in a collective effort to be successful by doing well. Our approach is to drive sustainable growth and create long-term stakeholder value by concentrating on our People, Products, Planet, and Community. OUR PEOPLE Aramark’s potential is tied to diversity that influences our thinking and actions. Our commitment to building a high- performance culture through Diversity and Inclusion extends from Aramark’s front line to the boardroom. We grew our diverse representation of the board to nearly half of our directors last year, and continued growing diversity of our workforce. We consistently earn accolades for our progress, including recognition as a FORTUNE Most Admired Company and being cited as an employer of choice by Black Enterprise and Latino magazines, DiversityInc, the Human Rights Campaign for LGBTQ equality, and the Disability Equality Index. OUR PRODUCTS Health and wellness is at the heart of every individual and family we serve and we take that priority to heart. For example, our groundbreaking partnership with the American Heart Association (Healthy for Life® 20 By 20) has us on track to fundamentally improve the health of consumers 20 percent by 2020 by enhancing our menu offerings. Last year we added to our progress and reduced calories, saturated fats, and sodium another 15 percent; and increased fruits, vegetables, and whole grains an additional 9 percent. OUR PLANET We are helping to protect and preserve the environment by operating efficiently, minimizing waste, and sourcing responsibly. Significant progress was achieved in 2018 as we diverted nearly 700 tons of food waste from landfills on our way to cutting waste 50 percent by 2030; reduced single-use plastics; and lowered carbon emissions from our 14,000 delivery vehicles to meet our 8 percent reduction goal next year. OUR COMMUNITY Aramark Building Community, our global charitable program, saw employee volunteers help nearly 500,000 families in communities around the globe, while our philanthropic fund donated $15 million to improve community health and wellness and enabled millions of people to succeed through education and employment opportunities. The fund also supported global relief agencies to assist communities recovering from natural disasters. OUR PROMISE I am pleased with our performance and purpose-driven culture. However, I am even more excited about our promising future— a future that we’re not just imagining, but shaping with a confidence rooted in compelling and inescapable facts: • We operate in a large, growing market with long-term favorable outsourcing trends. • We have a proven, resilient business model that works in all economic cycles—favorable and unfavorable. • We have a demonstrated record of broad-based business results and momentum. • We have significant productivity and margin opportunities ahead of us. • We have recently completed acquisitions that boost our competitive position. • We have a strong and flexible balance sheet. In closing, I firmly believe that Aramark’s best days are ahead. Thank you for your continued investment and support. Eric J. Foss Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer 5910_TXT_C1.indd 3 5910_TXT_C1.indd 3 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM PERFORMANCE Driving the company’s growth is the pursuit of a consumer-centric product portfolio that aims to exceed consumer expectations. ARAMARK CONTINUES TO DELIVER STRONG FINANCIAL RESULTS. We are investing in the business and optimizing our portfolio to meet consumer demands. The business is guided by a clear and focused strategy based on four objectives: > Accelerating Growth > Activating Productivity > Attracting the Best Talent > Achieving Portfolio Optimization 4 5910_TXT_C1.indd 4 5910_TXT_C1.indd 4 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM ACCELERATE GROWTH From an Accelerating Growth perspective, the company Driving the company’s growth is the pursuit of a consumer- has achieved five straight years of double-digit adjusted centric product portfolio that aims to exceed consumer earnings per share expansion. This past year, the business expectations across four critical dimensions: quality, health, grew across a broad base of sectors and geographies. Our convenience, and personalization. Aramark believes that 2018 operational highlights include hosting the Super Bowl at U.S. Bank Stadium and the World Series at Fenway Park; adding Auburn University to the Higher Education portfolio; brands matter and we’re implementing a strategy that includes Building, Borrowing, and Buying brand assets to enhance the consumer experience. Across our Core and and BHP Billiton in Chile. The Leisure business expanded Premium offerings, the company is focused on building its National Park Service relationship with a new contract brands from the ground up to satisfy a customer need. Our at Crater Lake National Park in Oregon. The company also proprietary brands such as Simple Spoon Food Company, performed solidly across the International sector, with Harvest Table Culinary Group, and LifeWorks are built to growth across Europe, Canada, Asia, and South America. meet those needs. Additionally, Aramark’s Uniform business experienced solid growth as the legacy business was augmented by the addition of AmeriPride. 5910_TXT_C1.indd 5 5910_TXT_C1.indd 5 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM 5 The strategy borrows brands through relationships with well- known consumer favorites including Oath Pizza, a Northeastern brand of signature pizzas featuring ethically sourced ingredients; a partnership across our northern European operations with the Jamie Oliver Restaurant Group; and our ongoing partnerships with national brands such as Chick-fil-A and Starbucks. In 2018, the company also invested in robust development of p lant- forward menu options that are offered throughout the businesses. The final component of the strategy involves buying brands that offer up something new and engaging for customers, like Avoca and the recent addition of Western First Aid through our Uniform Services business. Additionally, the company added a number of consumer-facing technologies to create a frictionless experience. These include ordering kiosks and mobile technologies like Apple’s Business Chat, which allows fans to order from their seats and receive delivery on the spot. To drive transparency and access to locally and sustainably sourced products, we expanded our partnership with FarmLogix to roll out a technology that enables domestic operators to source local and sustainable products within their geographies. ACTIVATE PRODUCTIVITY In terms of Activating Productivity, Aramark has made excellent progress driving margin improvement, achieving our three- year target set in 2015. Leading this positive momentum are the full integration of processes to manage labor costs, such as a centralized hiring model and company-wide adaptation of technology which is helping front-line managers standardize employee scheduling based on client demand. Aramark has also improved food productivity and management with technologies which enable the company to leverage our scale for more efficient purchasing. Route service representatives in the Uniform Services business now use iPhone technology to manage their accounts from an inventory and order fulfillment perspective. All of this technology has enabled a reduction in SG&A expenses and has positioned Aramark as a stronger and more agile enterprise going forward. BRANDS MATTER F O O D C O M PA N Y F OOD C OMP ANY ARAMARKFLEXFIT™ 6 5910_TXT_C1.indd 6 5910_TXT_C1.indd 6 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM 5910_TXT_C1.indd 7 5910_TXT_C1.indd 7 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM 7 79% WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ATTRACT THE BEST TALENT The company continues to strengthen our ability to attract the best talent by creating a workplace culture that values and leverages our differences and drives innovation through inclusion. In 2018, Aramark was once again recognized as one of FORTUNE’s Most Admired Companies; DiversityInc’s Top 50 Companies for Diversity; a Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality with a perfect score on the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s Corporate Equality Index; a Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion by the Disability Equality Index with a 100 percent top score; and a Top 40 Best Company for Diversity by Black Enterprise. ACHIEVE PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION Aramark continues our strategic journey to achieve portfolio optimization. The highly accretive acquisitions of Avendra, a purchasing organization, and AmeriPride, a uniforms services company, significantly bolstered the company’s competitive advantage. Avendra was quickly combined into the Aramark procurement organization and the company has been able to leverage purchasing capabilities across all businesses. AmeriPride is on track to achieve targets for integration into Aramark’s legacy uniforms business. The company also divested our Healthcare Technologies business, adjusting our portfolio to better focus on our core food, facility, and uniforms offerings. The majority of the proceeds were used to pay down debt. 8 5910_TXT_C1.indd 8 5910_TXT_C1.indd 8 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM 5910_TXT_C1.indd 9 5910_TXT_C1.indd 9 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM 9 PURPOSE At Aramark, our purpose revolves around our mission to “Enrich and Nourish Lives.” WHILE PERFORMANCE IS CRITICAL IN ANY COMPANY, PERFORMANCE WITH PURPOSE FUELS A HIGHER LEVEL OF SUCCESS THAT IS MORE MEANINGFUL TO ALL STAKEHOLDERS. Aramark is committed to fostering a culture of purpose that makes a positive impact on society and the planet. Our approach is to drive sustainable growth and create long-term stakeholder value by concentrating on our People, Products, Planet, and Community. This means focusing on every dimension of how the company operates—ethical, economic, and environmental—through initiatives that engage employees, empower healthy living, preserve the planet, and build local communities. 10 5910_TXT_C1.indd 10 5910_TXT_C1.indd 10 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM ENGAGING EMPLOYEES It all starts with people. Aramark’s associates are the At Aramark, we celebrate performance, collaboration, and lifeblood of the company. They are the foundation of our recognition. Our efforts go beyond wages and benefits, mission to deliver experiences that enrich and nourish lives. and include training and development opportunities, a To ensure Aramark attracts and retains only the best and brightest employees, we focus on three key areas: creating a diverse and inclusive work environment, providing an robust diverse supplier network, a culture of recognition, and an infrastructure that enables and encourages work/ life balance. attractive employee value proposition, and enabling deep Each year, 200 of Aramark’s outstanding team members and meaningful employee wellness. Our company is creating a workplace environment that values differences and drives innovation through inclusion. Diversity and Inclusion at Aramark spans from the boardroom to the front line; more than 45 percent of our Board of Directors is diverse, as is 79 percent of our total workforce, and 65 percent of our new talent pipeline. Aramark has active programs to hire thousands of veterans each year—from deployment to employment— as well as those who face challenges with physical and intellectual abilities. from around the world are named to the company’s Ring of Stars, and are recognized during a special celebration. The 2018 Aramark Ring of Stars class comprised front-line employees who proudly serve our company’s customers and clients as chefs, cashiers, stadium hawkers, servers, route drivers, custodians, and in many other roles. They work diligently where people learn, work, play, and recover—including schools and universities, hospitals, sports venues, on delivery routes, and in businesses of all kinds. 11 5910_TXT_C1.indd 11 5910_TXT_C1.indd 11 12/19/18 10:52 PM 12/19/18 10:52 PM IMPACTED MILLIONS OF FAMILIES THROUGH FEED YOUR POTENTIAL 365 PUBLIC HEALTH CAMPAIGN 12 5910_TXT_C1.indd 12 5910_TXT_C1.indd 12 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM EMPOWERING HEALTHY LIVING As a global leader in the food business, Aramark has a responsibility to help create a healthier world. The company recognizes that health and well-being is at the heart of the lives of every person and family touched on any given day. Over the last three years, Aramark has activated a pioneering initiative with the American Heart Association, called Healthy for Life® 20 By 20, designed to improve the health of all Americans 20 percent by 2020. The initiative has increased fruits, vegetables, and whole grains by 9 percent and reduced calories, saturated fats, and sodium by 15 percent across Aramark’s menus served in business, healthcare, and college dining. Aramark has trained hundreds of chefs in vegan cooking and introduced 200 new plant-based recipes to our menu database, expanding vegan and vegetarian menu items to 30 percent. Consumer communications have been broadened to include an icon to help consumers identify plant-forward menu items and educate guests through digital screens, posters, and social media content. Aramark also launched a consumer engagement campaign to improve th e diets and life styles of o ur own associates as well as millions of consumers with our Feed Your Potential campaign. 30% INCREASE VEGAN OR VEGETARIAN MAIN MEAL OPTIONS 15% DECREASE SATURATED FAT, SODIUM, AND CALORIES 9% INCREASE IN FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND WHOLE GRAINS 13 5910_TXT_C1.indd 13 5910_TXT_C1.indd 13 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM 100% OF LOCATIONS TRACK FOOD WASTE 14 5910_TXT_C1.indd 14 5910_TXT_C1.indd 14 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM PRESERVING OUR PLANET Aramark has an ongoing commitment to reduce our environmental impact through programs and practices that enrich and support the natural environment. The company works to make progress every day on our pledge to source responsibly, operate efficiently, and minimize waste. Everyday operations drive the effort. Environmental practices are integrated with the business strategy and driven through operational requirements and consumer marketing efforts. Most recently, Aramark has achieved significant progress to meet our 2008 commitment to purchase 100 percent of contracted seafood in the U.S. from sources that meet Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch® Best Choice and Good Alternative recommendations by the end of 2018. We’ve broadened our humanely raised sourcing practices by taking the lead in food service and committing to the humane treatment of broiler chickens by calling on suppliers to address breed selection, space, enrichments, and slaughtering practices by 2024. Additionally, we’ve advanced our use of green and blue cleaning across facilities operations and implemented practices in our kitchens leading to a reduction in food waste between 2017 and 2018, equivalent to almost 700 tons diverted from landfill. We made a bold and industry-leading commitment to significantly reduce single-use plastics—a major contributor to ocean pollution—by finding new ways to reduce packaging, including a goal to reduce 60 percent of plastic straws and stirrers by 2020; expanded efforts to reduce carbon emissions across our portfolio from the foods we serve to the vehicles we drive; added new plant-forward menu options to help decrease greenhouse gas emissions and minimize demand for water and land resources; and lowered fuel consumption and carbon emissions across Aramark’s fleet of 14,000 vehicles, targeting an 8 percent reduction in fuel (approximately 10,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions) for Fiscal Year 2019. 100% OF SEAFOOD PURCHASES WILL MEET SEAFOOD WATCH RECOMMENDATIONS CO2 REDUCTION ACROSS FLEET OF 14,000 VEHICLES 60% REDUCTION IN PLASTIC STRAW USAGE ANNUALLY ~700 TONS OF WASTE DIVERTED FROM LANDFILL SINCE 2017 5910_TXT_C1.indd 15 5910_TXT_C1.indd 15 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM 15 BUILDING LOCAL COMMUNITIES Aramark Building Community is the company’s philanthropic employee volunteer program. It is committed to improving community health and wellness and helping people succeed in education and employment in partnership with local communities. On the local level, employee volunteers partner with local community centers to build strong, sustainable relationships, matching skills and passion to the needs of the neighborhood. Over the last decade, Aramark has invested volunteer expertise, financial, and in-kind resources to strengthen the capacity of hundreds of local communities impacting more than five million people. Anchoring this commitment is the company’s global day of service, Aramark Building Community (ABC) Day. On ABC Day, thousands of employees volunteer locally, leading cooking and nutrition demonstrations; organizing food, clothing, and health and wellness supply kit drives; facilitating workforce readiness workshops; and building community gardens that positively impact families, children, and adults. Aramark’s philanthropic fund donates $15 million each year to improve community health and wellness and enable millions of people to succeed through education and employment opportunities. The fund also supports global relief agencies to assist communities recovering from natural disasters. All contributions of employees are matched. Through Aramark Building Community, we have helped millions of underserved families and individuals across 19 countries. 16 5910_TXT_C1.indd 16 5910_TXT_C1.indd 16 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM $15M DONATED TO IMPROVE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD 5910_TXT_C1.indd 17 5910_TXT_C1.indd 17 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM 17 PROMISE With a clear and established “right to win,” spanning all industries, Aramark continues to perform on our differentiated brand strategy. TOGETHER, PURPOSE AND PERFORMANCE LEAD STRAIGHT TO A PROMISING FUTURE. Aramark’s transformation journey has been designed to make the company bigger, stronger, and more agile. Strong broad-based business momentum has delivered five straight years of double-digit adjusted EPS growth, a distinction that very few FORTUNE 500 companies have achieved. 18 5910_TXT_C2.indd 18 5910_TXT_C2.indd 18 12/20/18 11:26 AM 12/20/18 11:26 AM A BRIGHT AND PROMISING FUTURE Aramark operates in a l arge and growing industry We are positioned to respond to new trends and elevate with a b right outlook, based on favorable long-term the customer experience with disciplined oper ations outsourcing trends and great, longstanding blue-chip client grounded in consum er ins ights that dri ve innovative relationships. Our global business portfolio underscores a products, services, and technologies. leading position in food, facilities, and uniform services. The company’s proven and resilient business model is diversified across industry verticals to provide stability through both good and challenging economic times, including times of low or no inflation, as well as times of higher inflation. Looking ahead, Aramark is working to create an unmatched market position. Going into 2019 and beyond, the business is following a disciplined and flexible financial model focused on maintaining a strong cash flow position while delivering margin expansion; pursuin g smart strategic acquisitions that augment the business and improve The company maintains a strong balance sheet and has earnings per share; and aggressively paying down debt posted solid performance across key financial indicators including revenue, profit, margin, earnings per share, and cash flow. With a cl ear and established “right to win,” spanning all industries, Aramark continues to perform on our differentiated brand strategy. and delivering shareholder value. 5910_TXT_C1.indd 19 5910_TXT_C1.indd 19 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM 19 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS $2.25 $1.95 7.1% 6.6% 6.5% $1.74 $1.57 $1.45 $1.24 6.2% 5.9% 5.7% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ADJUSTED EPS ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME MARGIN $1,108 $962 $939 $852 $881 $781 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME (IN MILLIONS) See reconciliation of GAAP and non-GAAP information at the end of this Annual Report. 20 5910_TXT_C1.indd 20 5910_TXT_C1.indd 20 12/19/18 10:53 PM 12/19/18 10:53 PM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 2018 | Annual Report UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ___________________________________________ FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ___________________________________________ For the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 Commission File Number: 001-36223 Aramark (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Aramark Tower 1101 Market Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Address of principal executive offices) 20-8236097 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 19107 (Zip Code) (215) 238-3000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share Name of Each Exchange on which Registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None ___________________________________________ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No III Aramark 2018 Form 10-KAs of March 30, 2018, the aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $9,603.0 million. As of October 26, 2018, the number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding is 246,731,970. ___________________________________________ DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the registrant's 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held on January 30, 2019, will be incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K in response to portions of Part III. The definitive proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the registrant's fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. IV Aramark 2018 Form 10-KTABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I PART II Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Consolidated Financial Data Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. PART III PART IV Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary 1 1 9 19 20 21 21 23 23 24 25 43 43 43 44 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 V Aramark 2018 Form 10-KSpecial Note About Forward-Looking Statements This report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that reflect our current views as to future events and financial performance with respect to, without limitation, conditions in our industry, our operations, our economic performance and financial condition, including, in particular, with respect to, without limitation, the benefits and costs of our acquisitions of each of Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") and AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") and related financings, as well as statements regarding these companies’ services and products and statements relating to our business and growth strategy. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as "outlook," "aim," "anticipate," "are or remain confident," "have confidence," "estimate," "expect," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," "project," "intend," "plan," "believe," "see," "look to" and other words and terms of similar meaning or the negative versions of such words. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. All statements we make relating to our estimated and projected earnings, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates, financial results and our estimated benefits and costs of our acquisitions are forward-looking statements. In addition, we, through our senior management, from time to time make forward-looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and, therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those that we expected. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results or the costs and benefits of the acquisitions include without limitation: unfavorable economic conditions; natural disasters, global calamities, sports strikes and other adverse incidents; the failure to retain current clients, renew existing client contracts and obtain new client contracts; a determination by clients to reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors; competition in our industries; increased operating costs and obstacles to cost recovery due to the pricing and cancellation terms of our food and support services contracts; the inability to achieve cost savings through our cost reduction efforts; our expansion strategy; the failure to maintain food safety throughout our supply chain, food-borne illness concerns and claims of illness or injury; governmental regulations including those relating to food and beverages, the environment, wage and hour and government contracting; liability associated with noncompliance with applicable law or other governmental regulations; new interpretations of or changes in the enforcement of the government regulatory framework; currency risks and other risks associated with international operations, including Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption law compliance; continued or further unionization of our workforce; liability resulting from our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans; risks associated with suppliers from whom our products are sourced; disruptions to our relationship with, or to the business of, our primary distributor; the inability to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel or increases in labor costs; healthcare reform legislation; the contract intensive nature of our business, which may lead to client disputes; seasonality; disruptions in the availability of our computer systems or privacy breaches; failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls; our leverage; the inability to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness; debt agreements that limit our flexibility in operating our business; our ability to successfully integrate the businesses of Avendra and AmeriPride and costs and timing related thereto, the risk of unanticipated restructuring costs or assumption of undisclosed liabilities; the risk that we are unable to achieve the anticipated benefits (including tax benefits) and synergies of the acquisition of AmeriPride and Avendra including whether the proposed transactions will be accretive and within the expected timeframes; the availability of sufficient cash to repay certain indebtedness and our decision to utilize the cash for that purpose; the disruption of the transactions to each of Avendra and AmeriPride and their respective managements; the effect of the transactions on each of Avendra’s and AmeriPride’s ability to retain and hire key personnel and maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and other third parties; our ability to attract new or maintain existing customer and supplier relationships at reasonable cost; our ability to retain key personnel and other factors set forth under the headings Item 1A "Risk Factors," Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" and Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our other periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and which may be obtained by contacting Aramark’s investor relations department via its website www.aramark.com. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included herein or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, us. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, changes in our expectations, or otherwise, except as required by law. VI Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 1. Business Overview PART I Aramark (the “Company,” “we” or “us”) is a leading global provider of food, facilities and uniform services to education, healthcare, business & industry, and sports, leisure & corrections clients. Our core market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 18-country footprint. We hold the #2 position in North America in food and facilities services and the #2 position in North America in uniform services based on total sales in fiscal 2018. Internationally, we hold a top 3 position in food and facilities services based on total sales in fiscal 2018 in most countries in which we have significant operations, and are one of only 3 food and facilities competitors with our combination of scale, scope, and global reach. Through our established brand, broad geographic presence and approximately 274,400 employees, we anchor our business in our partnerships with thousands of education, healthcare, business and sports, leisure & corrections clients. Through these partnerships we serve millions of consumers including students, patients, employees, sports fans and guests worldwide. We operate our business in three reportable segments that share many of the same operating characteristics: Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States"), Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") and Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform"). The following chart shows a breakdown of our sales and operating income by our reportable segments: Reportable Segments: FY 2018 Sales(a): FY 2018 Operating Income(a): Services: Sectors: FSS United States FSS International Uniform $ $ 10,137.8 680.5 $ $ 3,655.8 150.9 Food, hospitality and facilities Food, hospitality and facilities Business & industry, sports, leisure & corrections, education and healthcare Business & industry, sports, leisure & corrections, healthcare and education $ 1,996.0 $ 182.6 Rental, sale and maintenance of uniform apparel and other items Business, public institutions, manufacturing, transportation and service industries (a) Dollars in millions. Operating income excludes $187.9 million related to corporate expenses. In fiscal 2018, we generated $15.8 billion of sales, $826.1 million of operating income and $568.4 million of net income. Our History Since our founding in 1959, we have broadened our service offerings and expanded our client base through a combination of organic growth and successful acquisitions, with the goal of further developing our food, facilities and uniform capabilities, as well as growing our international presence. In 1984, we completed a management buyout, after which our management and employees increased their Company ownership to approximately 90% of our equity capital leading up to our December 2001 public offering. On January 26, 2007, we delisted from the NYSE in conjunction with a going-private transaction executed with investment funds affiliated with Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, CCMP Capital Advisors, J.P. Morgan Partners, Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. and Warburg Pincus LLC as well as approximately 250 senior management personnel. On December 17, 2013, we completed an initial public offering of 41,687,500 shares of our common stock, including 13,687,500 shares of common stock sold by our selling stockholders. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares sold by the selling stockholders and we used our proceeds from the initial public offering, net of costs, to pay down debt. Our common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “ARMK” on December 12, 2013. During fiscal 2015, the private equity fund sponsors of our going-private transaction sold their remaining Aramark shares. 1 1 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KRecent Acquisitions Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") On December 11, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Avendra, a leading hospitality procurement services provider in North America that manages purchasing spend for over 650 companies at more than 8,500 locations. Avendra was founded in 2001 by five hospitality organizations: Marriott, Hyatt, Fairmont Hotels, ClubCorp and IHG. The acquisition of Avendra significantly expanded our capabilities and client reach in the procurement services area. The total consideration paid for Avendra was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. In order to finance the Avendra acquisition, we entered into a long-term financing agreement. Avendra's financial results since acquisition are included within the FSS United States reporting segment. AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") On January 19, 2018, we completed the acquisition of AmeriPride, a highly respected uniform and linen rental and supply company headquartered in Minneapolis with 6,000 employees and serving 150,000 customers in the U.S. and Canada. The acquisition of AmeriPride added scale and capabilities to our uniforms business in the U.S. while immediately establishing Aramark as a leading uniform services provider in Canada, where our existing operations were very limited. The total consideration paid for AmeriPride was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. In order to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, we entered into a long-term financing agreement. AmeriPride's financial results since acquisition are included within the Uniform segment. Food and Support Services Our Food and Support Services segments manage a number of interrelated services-including food, hospitality, procurement and facility services-for school districts, colleges & universities, healthcare facilities, businesses, sports, entertainment & recreational venues, conference & convention centers, national & state parks and correctional institutions. We are the exclusive provider of food and beverage services at most of the locations we serve and are responsible for hiring, training and supervising the majority of the food service personnel in addition to ordering, receiving, preparing and serving food and beverage items sold at those facilities. Our facilities services capabilities are broad, and include plant operations and maintenance, custodial/housekeeping, energy management, clinical equipment maintenance, grounds keeping, and capital project management. In governmental, business, educational and healthcare facilities (for example, offices and industrial plants, schools and universities and hospitals), our clients provide us with a captive client base through their on-site employees, students and patients. At sports, entertainment and recreational facilities, our clients attract patrons to their site, usually for specific events such as sporting events and conventions. We manage our FSS business in two geographic reportable segments split between our United States and International operations. In fiscal 2018, our FSS United States segment generated $10,137.8 million in sales, or 64% of our total sales, and our FSS International segment generated $3,655.8 million in sales, or 23% of our total sales. No individual client represents more than 2% of our total sales, other than, collectively, a number of U.S. government agencies. Clients and Services Our Food and Support Services segments serve a number of sectors across 19 countries around the world. Our Food and Support Services operations focus on serving clients in five principal sectors: Education, Healthcare, Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Education. Within the Education sector we serve Higher Education and K-12 clients. We deliver a wide range of food and food- related services, as well as procurement services, at more than 1,400 colleges, universities, school systems & districts and private schools. We offer our education clients a single source provider for food-related managed service solutions, including dining, catering, food service management and convenience-oriented retail operations. Healthcare. We provide a wide range of non-clinical food and food-related support services, as well as clinical equipment services, to approximately 600 healthcare clients and more than 1,100 facilities across our global footprint. Our food and food- related services include patient food and nutrition, retail food and procurement services. Business & Industry. We provide a comprehensive range of business dining services, including on-site restaurants, catering, convenience stores and executive dining. We also provide beverage and vending services to business & industry clients at thousands of locations. Our service and product offerings include a full range of coffee offerings, “grab and go” food operations, convenience stores, micromarkets and a proprietary drinking water filtration system. Sports, Leisure & Corrections. We administer concessions, banquet and catering services, retail services and merchandise sales, recreational and lodging services and facility management services at sports, entertainment and recreational facilities. We serve 144 professional (including minor league affiliates) and college sports teams, including 31 teams in Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League and the National Hockey League. We also serve convention and civic centers, national and state parks and other resort operations, plus other popular tourist attractions in the United States. Additionally, we provide correctional food services, operate commissaries, laundry facilities and property rooms and provide food and facilities management services for parks. Facilities & Other. We provide a variety of support services to approximately 700 facilities clients and more than 1,400 facilities. These services include the management of housekeeping, plant operations and maintenance, energy management, custodial, groundskeeping, landscaping, transportation, capital program management and payment services, and other facility consulting services relating to building operations. We also provide procurement services for a number of clients in a variety of industries. For clients who are looking for a single source provider for all of their managed services, our Facilities & Other sector works closely with the above food-related sectors. Our FSS International segment provides a similar range of services as those provided to our FSS United States segment clients and operates in all of our sectors. We have operations in 18 countries outside the United States. Our largest international operations are in Canada, Chile, China, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and in each of these countries we are one of the leading food and/or facilities service providers. We also have a strong presence in Japan through our 50% ownership of AIM Services Co., Ltd., which is a leader in providing outsourced food services in Japan. In addition to the core Business & Industry sector, our FSS International segment serves many sports stadiums across Europe, and numerous educational institutions, correctional institutions and convention centers globally. There are particular risks attendant with our international operations. Please see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” Purchasing We negotiate the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and related products in the United States and Canada directly with national manufacturers. We purchase these products and other items through Sysco Corporation and other distributors. We have a master distribution agreement with Sysco that covers a significant amount of our purchases of these products and items in the United States and another distribution agreement with Sysco that covers our purchases of these products in Canada. Our distributors are responsible for tracking our orders and delivering products to our specific locations. Due to our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our suppliers, we earn vendor consideration, including discounts, rebates and other applicable credits. See “Types of Contracts” below. Our location managers also purchase a number of items, including bread, dairy products and alcoholic beverages from local suppliers, and we purchase certain items directly from manufacturers. Our relationship with Sysco is important to our operations—we have had distribution agreements in place for more than 20 years. In fiscal 2018, Sysco distributed approximately 49% of our food and non-food products in the United States and Canada, and we believe that we are one of their largest clients. However, we believe that the products acquired through Sysco can, in significant cases, be purchased through other sources and that termination of our relationship with them or any disruption of their business would cause only short-term disruptions to our operations. Our agreements with our distributors are generally for an indefinite term, subject to termination by either party after a notice period, which is generally 60 to 120 days. The pricing and other financial terms of these agreements are renegotiated periodically. Our current agreement with Sysco is terminable by either party with 180 days notice. In the rest of our international segment, our approach to purchasing is substantially similar. On a country-by-country basis, we negotiate pricing and other terms for a majority of our purchases of food and related products with manufacturers operating in the applicable country, and we purchase these products and other items through distributors in that country. Due to our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our suppliers, we receive vendor consideration, including rebates, allowances and volume discounts. See “Types of Contracts” below. As in the United States and Canada, our location managers also purchase a number of items, including bread, dairy products and alcoholic beverages from local suppliers, and we purchase certain items directly from manufacturers. Our agreements with our distributors are subject to termination by either party after a notice period, which is generally 60 days. The pricing and other financial terms of these agreements are renegotiated periodically. Our relationship with distributors in the countries outside the United States and Canada is important to our operations, but from an overall volume standpoint, no distributor outside the United States and Canada distributes a significant volume of products. We believe that products we acquire from our distributors in countries outside the United States and Canada can, in significant cases, be purchased from other sources, and that the termination of our relationships with our distributors outside the United States and Canada, or the disruption of their business operations, would cause only short-term disruption to our operations. Sales and Marketing We maintain selling and marketing excellence by focusing on the execution of a common selling process as well as optimal resource allocation and deployment. Our common selling process ensures that we sell our services to our clients in the same 2 3 2 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KRecent Acquisitions Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") On December 11, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Avendra, a leading hospitality procurement services provider in North America that manages purchasing spend for over 650 companies at more than 8,500 locations. Avendra was founded in 2001 by five hospitality organizations: Marriott, Hyatt, Fairmont Hotels, ClubCorp and IHG. The acquisition of Avendra significantly expanded our capabilities and client reach in the procurement services area. The total consideration paid for Avendra was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. In order to finance the Avendra acquisition, we entered into a long-term financing agreement. Avendra's financial results since acquisition are included within the FSS United States reporting segment. AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") On January 19, 2018, we completed the acquisition of AmeriPride, a highly respected uniform and linen rental and supply company headquartered in Minneapolis with 6,000 employees and serving 150,000 customers in the U.S. and Canada. The acquisition of AmeriPride added scale and capabilities to our uniforms business in the U.S. while immediately establishing Aramark as a leading uniform services provider in Canada, where our existing operations were very limited. The total consideration paid for AmeriPride was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. In order to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, we entered into a long-term financing agreement. AmeriPride's financial results since acquisition are included within the Uniform segment. Food and Support Services Our Food and Support Services segments manage a number of interrelated services-including food, hospitality, procurement and facility services-for school districts, colleges & universities, healthcare facilities, businesses, sports, entertainment & recreational venues, conference & convention centers, national & state parks and correctional institutions. We are the exclusive provider of food and beverage services at most of the locations we serve and are responsible for hiring, training and supervising the majority of the food service personnel in addition to ordering, receiving, preparing and serving food and beverage items sold at those facilities. Our facilities services capabilities are broad, and include plant operations and maintenance, custodial/housekeeping, energy management, clinical equipment maintenance, grounds keeping, and capital project management. In governmental, business, educational and healthcare facilities (for example, offices and industrial plants, schools and universities and hospitals), our clients provide us with a captive client base through their on-site employees, students and patients. At sports, entertainment and recreational facilities, our clients attract patrons to their site, usually for specific events such as sporting events and conventions. We manage our FSS business in two geographic reportable segments split between our United States and International operations. In fiscal 2018, our FSS United States segment generated $10,137.8 million in sales, or 64% of our total sales, and our FSS International segment generated $3,655.8 million in sales, or 23% of our total sales. No individual client represents more than 2% of our total sales, other than, collectively, a number of U.S. government agencies. Clients and Services Our Food and Support Services segments serve a number of sectors across 19 countries around the world. Our Food and Support Services operations focus on serving clients in five principal sectors: Education, Healthcare, Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Education. Within the Education sector we serve Higher Education and K-12 clients. We deliver a wide range of food and food- related services, as well as procurement services, at more than 1,400 colleges, universities, school systems & districts and private schools. We offer our education clients a single source provider for food-related managed service solutions, including dining, catering, food service management and convenience-oriented retail operations. Healthcare. We provide a wide range of non-clinical food and food-related support services, as well as clinical equipment services, to approximately 600 healthcare clients and more than 1,100 facilities across our global footprint. Our food and food- related services include patient food and nutrition, retail food and procurement services. Business & Industry. We provide a comprehensive range of business dining services, including on-site restaurants, catering, convenience stores and executive dining. We also provide beverage and vending services to business & industry clients at thousands of locations. Our service and product offerings include a full range of coffee offerings, “grab and go” food operations, convenience stores, micromarkets and a proprietary drinking water filtration system. 144 professional (including minor league affiliates) and college sports teams, including 31 teams in Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League and the National Hockey League. We also serve convention and civic centers, national and state parks and other resort operations, plus other popular tourist attractions in the United States. Additionally, we provide correctional food services, operate commissaries, laundry facilities and property rooms and provide food and facilities management services for parks. Facilities & Other. We provide a variety of support services to approximately 700 facilities clients and more than 1,400 facilities. These services include the management of housekeeping, plant operations and maintenance, energy management, custodial, groundskeeping, landscaping, transportation, capital program management and payment services, and other facility consulting services relating to building operations. We also provide procurement services for a number of clients in a variety of industries. For clients who are looking for a single source provider for all of their managed services, our Facilities & Other sector works closely with the above food-related sectors. Our FSS International segment provides a similar range of services as those provided to our FSS United States segment clients and operates in all of our sectors. We have operations in 18 countries outside the United States. Our largest international operations are in Canada, Chile, China, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and in each of these countries we are one of the leading food and/or facilities service providers. We also have a strong presence in Japan through our 50% ownership of AIM Services Co., Ltd., which is a leader in providing outsourced food services in Japan. In addition to the core Business & Industry sector, our FSS International segment serves many sports stadiums across Europe, and numerous educational institutions, correctional institutions and convention centers globally. There are particular risks attendant with our international operations. Please see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” Purchasing We negotiate the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and related products in the United States and Canada directly with national manufacturers. We purchase these products and other items through Sysco Corporation and other distributors. We have a master distribution agreement with Sysco that covers a significant amount of our purchases of these products and items in the United States and another distribution agreement with Sysco that covers our purchases of these products in Canada. Our distributors are responsible for tracking our orders and delivering products to our specific locations. Due to our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our suppliers, we earn vendor consideration, including discounts, rebates and other applicable credits. See “Types of Contracts” below. Our location managers also purchase a number of items, including bread, dairy products and alcoholic beverages from local suppliers, and we purchase certain items directly from manufacturers. Our relationship with Sysco is important to our operations—we have had distribution agreements in place for more than 20 years. In fiscal 2018, Sysco distributed approximately 49% of our food and non-food products in the United States and Canada, and we believe that we are one of their largest clients. However, we believe that the products acquired through Sysco can, in significant cases, be purchased through other sources and that termination of our relationship with them or any disruption of their business would cause only short-term disruptions to our operations. Our agreements with our distributors are generally for an indefinite term, subject to termination by either party after a notice period, which is generally 60 to 120 days. The pricing and other financial terms of these agreements are renegotiated periodically. Our current agreement with Sysco is terminable by either party with 180 days notice. In the rest of our international segment, our approach to purchasing is substantially similar. On a country-by-country basis, we negotiate pricing and other terms for a majority of our purchases of food and related products with manufacturers operating in the applicable country, and we purchase these products and other items through distributors in that country. Due to our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our suppliers, we receive vendor consideration, including rebates, allowances and volume discounts. See “Types of Contracts” below. As in the United States and Canada, our location managers also purchase a number of items, including bread, dairy products and alcoholic beverages from local suppliers, and we purchase certain items directly from manufacturers. Our agreements with our distributors are subject to termination by either party after a notice period, which is generally 60 days. The pricing and other financial terms of these agreements are renegotiated periodically. Our relationship with distributors in the countries outside the United States and Canada is important to our operations, but from an overall volume standpoint, no distributor outside the United States and Canada distributes a significant volume of products. We believe that products we acquire from our distributors in countries outside the United States and Canada can, in significant cases, be purchased from other sources, and that the termination of our relationships with our distributors outside the United States and Canada, or the disruption of their business operations, would cause only short-term disruption to our operations. Sales and Marketing Sports, Leisure & Corrections. We administer concessions, banquet and catering services, retail services and merchandise sales, recreational and lodging services and facility management services at sports, entertainment and recreational facilities. We serve We maintain selling and marketing excellence by focusing on the execution of a common selling process as well as optimal resource allocation and deployment. Our common selling process ensures that we sell our services to our clients in the same 2 3 3 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kway, regardless of the sector in which such client is located. We have developed consistent tools and training that are used across all of our businesses to train our employees on this selling process. Our business development functions are aligned directly with the sectors and services in which we have leadership positions, and we combine our targeted business development strategies with our strong client relationships to deliver differentiated and innovative solutions. We target our business development by aligning our sales efforts directly with the sectors and services in which we operate. We identify individuals at various levels in our organization to match up with individuals in a variety of roles at both existing and potential clients. We believe that these connections throughout various levels within the client organization allow us to develop strong relationships with the client and gain a better understanding of the clients' requirements. Based on the knowledge of the clients' requirements and the sector, our goal is to develop solutions for the client that are unique and that help to differentiate us from our competitors. Types of Contracts We use contracts with our customers that allow us to manage our potential upside and downside risk in connection with our various business interactions. Our contracts may require that consent be obtained in order to raise prices on the food, beverages and merchandise we sell within a particular facility. The contracts that we enter into vary in length. Contracts generally are for fixed terms, many of which are in excess of one year. Contracts for education and sports and leisure services typically require larger capital investments, but have correspondingly longer and fixed terms, usually from five to fifteen years. When we enter into new contracts, or extend or renew existing contracts, particularly those for stadiums, arenas, convention centers, colleges and universities and business dining accounts, we are sometimes contractually required to make some form of up-front or future capital investment to help finance improvement or renovation, typically to the food and beverage facilities of the venue from which we operate. Contractually required capital expenditures typically take the form of investment in leasehold improvements, food service equipment and/or grants to clients. At the end of the contract term or upon its earlier termination, assets such as equipment and leasehold improvements typically become the property of the client, but generally the client must reimburse us for any undepreciated or unamortized capital investments. Food and Support Services contracts are generally obtained and renewed either through a competitive process or on a negotiated basis, although contracts in the public sector are frequently awarded on a competitive bid basis, as required by applicable law. Contracts for Food and Support Services with school districts and correctional clients are typically awarded through a formal bid process. Contracts in the private sector may be entered into without a formal bid process, but we and other companies will often compete in the process leading up to the award or the completion of contract negotiations. Typically, after the award, final contract terms are negotiated and agreed upon. We use two general contract types in our Food and Support Services segments: profit and loss contracts and client interest contracts. These contracts differ in their provision for the amount of financial risk that we bear and, accordingly, the potential compensation, profits or fees we may receive. Payments made to clients and management fees, if any, may vary significantly among contracts based upon various factors, including the type of facility involved, the term of the contract, the services we provide and the amount of capital we invest. Profit and Loss Contracts. Under profit and loss contracts, we receive all of the revenue from, and bear all of the expenses of, the provision of our services at a client location. Expenses under profit and loss contracts sometimes include payments made to the client, typically calculated as a fixed or variable percentage of various categories of sales, and, in some cases, require minimum guaranteed payments. We benefit from greater upside potential with a profit and loss contract, although we do consequently bear greater downside risk than with a client interest contract. For fiscal 2018, approximately two-thirds of our Food and Support Services sales were derived from profit and loss contracts. Client Interest Contracts. Client interest contracts include management fee contracts, under which our clients reimburse our operating costs and pay us a management fee, which may be calculated as a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of sales or operating costs. Some management fee contracts entitle us to receive incentive fees based upon our performance under the contract, as measured by factors such as sales, operating costs and client satisfaction surveys. Client interest contracts also include limited profit and loss contracts, under which we receive a percentage of any profits earned from the provision of our services at the facility and we generally receive no payments if there are losses. As discussed above under “Purchasing,” we earn vendor consideration, including discounts, rebates and other applicable credits that we typically retain except in those cases where the contract and/or applicable law requires us to credit these to our clients. For our client interest contracts, both our upside potential and downside risk are reduced compared to our profit and loss contracts. For fiscal 2018, approximately one-third of our Food and Support Services sales were derived from client interest contracts. Competition There is significant competition in the Food and Support Services business from local, regional, national and international companies, as well as from the businesses, healthcare institutions, colleges and universities, correctional facilities, school • • • • • • • • • districts and public assembly facilities that decide to provide these services themselves. Institutions may decide to operate their own services or outsource to one of our competitors following the expiration or termination of contracts with us. Clients do not necessarily choose the lowest cost provider, and tend to place a premium on the total value proposition offered. In our FSS United States segment, our external competitors include other multi-regional food and support service providers, such as Compass Group plc, Delaware North Companies Inc. and Sodexo SA. Internationally, our external food service and support service competitors include Compass Group plc, Elior SA, International Service System A/S and Sodexo SA. We also face competition from many regional and local service providers. We believe that the following competitive factors are the principal drivers of our success: quality and breadth of services and management talent; innovation; pricing; and reputation within the industry; financial strength and stability. Our sales and operating results have varied, and we expect them to continue to vary, from quarter to quarter as a result of different factors. Within our FSS United States segment, historically there has been a lower level of activity during our first and second fiscal quarters in operations that provide services to sports and leisure clients. This lower level of activity historically has been partially offset during our first and second fiscal quarters by the increased activity in our educational operations. Conversely, historically there has been a significant increase in the provision of services to sports and leisure clients during our third and fourth fiscal quarters, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess at colleges, universities and schools. Seasonality Uniform Our Uniform segment provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. We directly market personalized uniforms and accessories, provide managed restroom services and rent uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.We hold the #2 position in the North America uniform services market. We operate approximately 3,900 routes, giving us a broad reach to service our clients' needs. Clients use our uniforms to meet a variety of needs, including: establishing corporate identity and brand awareness; projecting a professional image: protecting workers—work clothes can help protect workers from difficult environments such as heavy soils, heat, flame or chemicals; and protecting products—uniforms can help protect products against contamination in the food, pharmaceutical, electronics, health care and automotive industries. In fiscal 2018, our Uniform segment generated $1,996.0 million in sales, or 13% of our total sales. Clients and Services We serve businesses of all sizes in many different industries. We have a diverse client base from approximately 358 service locations and distribution centers across North America. None of our clients individually represents a material portion of our sales. We typically visit our clients' sites weekly, delivering clean, finished uniforms and, at the same time, removing the soiled uniforms or other items for cleaning, repair or replacement. We also offer products for direct sale. Our cleanroom service offers advanced static dissipative garments, barrier apparel, sterile garments and cleanroom application accessories for clients with contamination-free operations in the technology, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. We conduct our direct marketing business through three primary brands - WearGuard, Crest and Aramark. We design, source or manufacture and distribute distinctive image apparel to workers in a wide variety of industries through the internet at www.shoparamark.com, dedicated sales representatives and telemarketing sales channels. We customize and embroider personalized uniforms and logos for clients through an extensive computer assisted design center and distribute work clothing, outerwear, business casual apparel and footwear throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. 4 5 4 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kway, regardless of the sector in which such client is located. We have developed consistent tools and training that are used across all of our businesses to train our employees on this selling process. Our business development functions are aligned directly with the sectors and services in which we have leadership positions, and we combine our targeted business development strategies with our strong client relationships to deliver differentiated and innovative solutions. We target our business development by aligning our sales efforts directly with the sectors and services in which we operate. We identify individuals at various levels in our organization to match up with individuals in a variety of roles at both existing and potential clients. We believe that these connections throughout various levels within the client organization allow us to develop strong relationships with the client and gain a better understanding of the clients' requirements. Based on the knowledge of the clients' requirements and the sector, our goal is to develop solutions for the client that are unique and that help to differentiate us from our competitors. Types of Contracts We use contracts with our customers that allow us to manage our potential upside and downside risk in connection with our various business interactions. Our contracts may require that consent be obtained in order to raise prices on the food, beverages and merchandise we sell within a particular facility. The contracts that we enter into vary in length. Contracts generally are for fixed terms, many of which are in excess of one year. Contracts for education and sports and leisure services typically require larger capital investments, but have correspondingly longer and fixed terms, usually from five to fifteen years. When we enter into new contracts, or extend or renew existing contracts, particularly those for stadiums, arenas, convention centers, colleges and universities and business dining accounts, we are sometimes contractually required to make some form of up-front or future capital investment to help finance improvement or renovation, typically to the food and beverage facilities of the venue from which we operate. Contractually required capital expenditures typically take the form of investment in leasehold improvements, food service equipment and/or grants to clients. At the end of the contract term or upon its earlier termination, assets such as equipment and leasehold improvements typically become the property of the client, but generally the client must reimburse us for any undepreciated or unamortized capital investments. Food and Support Services contracts are generally obtained and renewed either through a competitive process or on a negotiated basis, although contracts in the public sector are frequently awarded on a competitive bid basis, as required by applicable law. Contracts for Food and Support Services with school districts and correctional clients are typically awarded through a formal bid process. Contracts in the private sector may be entered into without a formal bid process, but we and other companies will often compete in the process leading up to the award or the completion of contract negotiations. Typically, after the award, final contract terms are negotiated and agreed upon. We use two general contract types in our Food and Support Services segments: profit and loss contracts and client interest contracts. These contracts differ in their provision for the amount of financial risk that we bear and, accordingly, the potential compensation, profits or fees we may receive. Payments made to clients and management fees, if any, may vary significantly among contracts based upon various factors, including the type of facility involved, the term of the contract, the services we provide and the amount of capital we invest. Profit and Loss Contracts. Under profit and loss contracts, we receive all of the revenue from, and bear all of the expenses of, the provision of our services at a client location. Expenses under profit and loss contracts sometimes include payments made to the client, typically calculated as a fixed or variable percentage of various categories of sales, and, in some cases, require minimum guaranteed payments. We benefit from greater upside potential with a profit and loss contract, although we do consequently bear greater downside risk than with a client interest contract. For fiscal 2018, approximately two-thirds of our Food and Support Services sales were derived from profit and loss contracts. Client Interest Contracts. Client interest contracts include management fee contracts, under which our clients reimburse our operating costs and pay us a management fee, which may be calculated as a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of sales or operating costs. Some management fee contracts entitle us to receive incentive fees based upon our performance under the contract, as measured by factors such as sales, operating costs and client satisfaction surveys. Client interest contracts also include limited profit and loss contracts, under which we receive a percentage of any profits earned from the provision of our services at the facility and we generally receive no payments if there are losses. As discussed above under “Purchasing,” we earn vendor consideration, including discounts, rebates and other applicable credits that we typically retain except in those cases where the contract and/or applicable law requires us to credit these to our clients. For our client interest contracts, both our upside potential and downside risk are reduced compared to our profit and loss contracts. For fiscal 2018, approximately one-third of our Food and Support Services sales were derived from client interest contracts. Competition There is significant competition in the Food and Support Services business from local, regional, national and international companies, as well as from the businesses, healthcare institutions, colleges and universities, correctional facilities, school districts and public assembly facilities that decide to provide these services themselves. Institutions may decide to operate their own services or outsource to one of our competitors following the expiration or termination of contracts with us. Clients do not necessarily choose the lowest cost provider, and tend to place a premium on the total value proposition offered. In our FSS United States segment, our external competitors include other multi-regional food and support service providers, such as Compass Group plc, Delaware North Companies Inc. and Sodexo SA. Internationally, our external food service and support service competitors include Compass Group plc, Elior SA, International Service System A/S and Sodexo SA. We also face competition from many regional and local service providers. We believe that the following competitive factors are the principal drivers of our success: • • • • • Seasonality quality and breadth of services and management talent; innovation; reputation within the industry; pricing; and financial strength and stability. Our sales and operating results have varied, and we expect them to continue to vary, from quarter to quarter as a result of different factors. Within our FSS United States segment, historically there has been a lower level of activity during our first and second fiscal quarters in operations that provide services to sports and leisure clients. This lower level of activity historically has been partially offset during our first and second fiscal quarters by the increased activity in our educational operations. Conversely, historically there has been a significant increase in the provision of services to sports and leisure clients during our third and fourth fiscal quarters, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess at colleges, universities and schools. Uniform Our Uniform segment provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. We directly market personalized uniforms and accessories, provide managed restroom services and rent uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.We hold the #2 position in the North America uniform services market. We operate approximately 3,900 routes, giving us a broad reach to service our clients' needs. Clients use our uniforms to meet a variety of needs, including: • • • • establishing corporate identity and brand awareness; projecting a professional image: protecting workers—work clothes can help protect workers from difficult environments such as heavy soils, heat, flame or chemicals; and protecting products—uniforms can help protect products against contamination in the food, pharmaceutical, electronics, health care and automotive industries. In fiscal 2018, our Uniform segment generated $1,996.0 million in sales, or 13% of our total sales. Clients and Services We serve businesses of all sizes in many different industries. We have a diverse client base from approximately 358 service locations and distribution centers across North America. None of our clients individually represents a material portion of our sales. We typically visit our clients' sites weekly, delivering clean, finished uniforms and, at the same time, removing the soiled uniforms or other items for cleaning, repair or replacement. We also offer products for direct sale. Our cleanroom service offers advanced static dissipative garments, barrier apparel, sterile garments and cleanroom application accessories for clients with contamination-free operations in the technology, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. We conduct our direct marketing business through three primary brands - WearGuard, Crest and Aramark. We design, source or manufacture and distribute distinctive image apparel to workers in a wide variety of industries through the internet at www.shoparamark.com, dedicated sales representatives and telemarketing sales channels. We customize and embroider personalized uniforms and logos for clients through an extensive computer assisted design center and distribute work clothing, outerwear, business casual apparel and footwear throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. 4 5 5 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KOperations Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, those governing: We operate our uniform rental business as a network of 131 laundry plants and 227 satellite plants and depots supporting approximately 3,900 pick-up and delivery routes. We operate a fleet of service vehicles that pick up and deliver uniforms for cleaning and maintenance. We conduct our direct marketing activities principally from our facilities in Salem, Virginia; Norwell and Rockland, Massachusetts; and Reno, Nevada. We market our own brands of apparel and offer a variety of customized personalization options such as embroidery and logos. We also source uniforms and other products to our specifications from a number of domestic and international suppliers and also manufacture a significant portion of our uniform requirements. We purchase uniform and textile products as well as equipment and supplies from domestic and international suppliers. The loss of any one supplier would not have a significant impact on us. We also operate a cutting and sewing plant in Mexico, which satisfies a substantial amount of our standard uniform inventory needs. Sales and Marketing Our sales representatives and route sales drivers are responsible for selling our services to current and potential clients and developing new accounts through the use of an extensive, proprietary database of pre-screened and qualified business prospects. We build our brand identity through local advertising, promotional initiatives and through our distinctive service vehicles. Our clients frequently come to us through client referrals, either from our uniform rental business or from our other service sectors. Our customer service representatives generally interact on a weekly basis with their clients, while our support personnel are charged with expeditiously handling client requirements regarding the outfitting of new client employees and other customer service needs. Types of Contracts We typically serve our rental clients under written service contracts for an initial term of three to five years. While clients are not required to make an up-front investment for their uniforms, in the case of nonstandard uniforms and certain specialty programs, clients typically agree to reimburse us for our costs if they terminate their agreement early. With the exception of certain governmental bid business, most of our direct marketing business is conducted under invoice arrangement with repeat clients. Competition Although the United States rental industry has experienced some consolidation, there is significant competition in all the areas that we serve, and such competition varies across geographies. Although many competitors are smaller local and regional firms, we also face competition from other large national firms such as Cintas Corporation and UniFirst Corporation. We believe that the primary competitive factors that affect our operations are quality, service, design, consistency of product, and distribution capability, particularly for large multi-location clients, and price. We believe that our ability to compete effectively is enhanced by the quality and breadth of our product line as well as our nationwide reach. Employees of Aramark As of September 28, 2018, we had a total of approximately 274,400 employees, including seasonal employees, consisting of approximately 180,000 full-time and approximately 94,400 part-time employees. The number of part-time employees varies significantly from time to time during the year due to seasonal and other operating requirements. We generally experience our highest level of employment during the fourth fiscal quarter. The approximate number of employees by segment is as follows: FSS United States: 146,700; FSS International: 109,800; Uniform: 17,300. In addition, the Aramark corporate staff is approximately 600 employees. Approximately 44,000 employees in the United States are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced any material interruptions of operations due to disputes with our employees and consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory. Governmental Regulation Our business is subject to various federal, state, international, national, provincial and local laws and regulations, in areas such as environmental, labor, employment, immigration, privacy and data security, tax codes, health and safety laws and liquor licensing and dram shop matters. In addition, our facilities and products are subject to periodic inspection by federal, state, local and international authorities. We have established, and periodically update, various internal controls and procedures designed to maintain compliance with these laws and regulations. Our compliance programs are subject to legislative changes, or changes in regulatory interpretation, implementation or enforcement. From time to time both federal and state government agencies have conducted audits of certain of our practices as part of routine investigations of providers of services under government contracts, or otherwise. Like others in our business, we receive requests for information from governmental agencies in connection with these audits. If we fail to comply with applicable laws, we may be subject to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, penalties, damages, reimbursement, injunctions, seizures, disgorgements, debarments from government contracts or loss of liquor licenses. alcohol licensing and service; collection of sales and other taxes; immigration; • minimum wage, overtime, classification, wage payment and employment discrimination; governmentally funded entitlement programs and cost and accounting principles; false claims, whistleblowers and consumer protection; environmental protection; food safety, sanitation, labeling and human health and safety; customs and import and export controls; the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption laws; antitrust, competition, procurement and lobbying; • minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes; • motor carrier safety; and privacy and data security. • • • • • • • • • • • The laws and regulations relating to each of our food and support services segments are numerous and complex. There are a variety of laws and regulations at various governmental levels relating to the handling, preparation, transportation and serving of food, including in some cases requirements relating to the temperature of food, the cleanliness of food production facilities, and the hygiene of food-handling personnel, which are enforced primarily at the local public health department level. While we attempt to comply with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we are in full compliance at all times with all of the applicable laws and regulations or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. Furthermore, legislation and regulatory attention to food safety is very high. Additional or amended regulations in this area may significantly increase the cost of compliance or expose us to liability. In addition, various government agencies impose nutritional guidelines and other requirements on us at certain of the healthcare, education and corrections facilities we serve. We may also be subject to laws and regulations that limit or restrict the use of trans fats in the food we serve or other requirements relating to ingredient or nutrient labeling. There can be no assurance that legislation, or changes in regulatory implementation or interpretation of government regulations, would not limit our activities in the future or significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance. Because we serve alcoholic beverages at many sports, entertainment and recreational facilities, including convention centers and national and state parks, we also hold liquor licenses incidental to our food service operations and are subject to the liquor license requirements of the jurisdictions in which we hold a liquor license. As of September 28, 2018, our subsidiaries held liquor licenses in 42 states and the District of Columbia, 5 Canadian provinces and certain other countries. Typically, liquor licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of our operations, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling, and storage, dispensing and service of alcoholic beverages. We have not encountered any material problems relating to liquor licenses to date. The failure to receive or retain a liquor license in a particular location could adversely affect our ability to obtain such a license elsewhere. Some of our contracts require us to pay liquidated damages during any period in which the liquor license for the facility is suspended as a result of our actions, and most contracts are subject to termination if the liquor license for the facility is lost as a result of our actions. Our service of alcoholic beverages is also subject to alcoholic beverage service laws, commonly called dram shop statutes. Dram shop statutes generally prohibit serving alcoholic beverages to certain persons such as minors or visibly intoxicated persons. If we violate dram shop laws, we may be liable to the patron and/or to third parties for the acts of the visibly intoxicated patron. We sponsor regular training programs designed to minimize the likelihood of such a situation and to take advantage of certain safe harbors and affirmative defenses enacted for the benefit of alcoholic beverage service providers. However, we cannot guarantee that intoxicated or minor patrons will not be served or that liability for their acts will not be imposed on us. Our uniform rental business and our food and support service business are subject to various environmental protection laws and regulations, including the U.S. Federal Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and similar local, state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the use, management, shipping and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials. In particular, 6 7 6 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KOperations Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, those governing: We operate our uniform rental business as a network of 131 laundry plants and 227 satellite plants and depots supporting approximately 3,900 pick-up and delivery routes. We operate a fleet of service vehicles that pick up and deliver uniforms for cleaning and maintenance. We conduct our direct marketing activities principally from our facilities in Salem, Virginia; Norwell and Rockland, Massachusetts; and Reno, Nevada. We market our own brands of apparel and offer a variety of customized personalization options such as embroidery and logos. We also source uniforms and other products to our specifications from a number of domestic and international suppliers and also manufacture a significant portion of our uniform requirements. We purchase uniform and textile products as well as equipment and supplies from domestic and international suppliers. The loss of any one supplier would not have a significant impact on us. We also operate a cutting and sewing plant in Mexico, which satisfies a substantial amount of our standard uniform inventory needs. Sales and Marketing Our sales representatives and route sales drivers are responsible for selling our services to current and potential clients and developing new accounts through the use of an extensive, proprietary database of pre-screened and qualified business prospects. We build our brand identity through local advertising, promotional initiatives and through our distinctive service vehicles. Our clients frequently come to us through client referrals, either from our uniform rental business or from our other service sectors. Our customer service representatives generally interact on a weekly basis with their clients, while our support personnel are charged with expeditiously handling client requirements regarding the outfitting of new client employees and other customer service needs. Types of Contracts clients. Competition We typically serve our rental clients under written service contracts for an initial term of three to five years. While clients are not required to make an up-front investment for their uniforms, in the case of nonstandard uniforms and certain specialty programs, clients typically agree to reimburse us for our costs if they terminate their agreement early. With the exception of certain governmental bid business, most of our direct marketing business is conducted under invoice arrangement with repeat Although the United States rental industry has experienced some consolidation, there is significant competition in all the areas that we serve, and such competition varies across geographies. Although many competitors are smaller local and regional firms, we also face competition from other large national firms such as Cintas Corporation and UniFirst Corporation. We believe that the primary competitive factors that affect our operations are quality, service, design, consistency of product, and distribution capability, particularly for large multi-location clients, and price. We believe that our ability to compete effectively is enhanced by the quality and breadth of our product line as well as our nationwide reach. Employees of Aramark As of September 28, 2018, we had a total of approximately 274,400 employees, including seasonal employees, consisting of approximately 180,000 full-time and approximately 94,400 part-time employees. The number of part-time employees varies significantly from time to time during the year due to seasonal and other operating requirements. We generally experience our highest level of employment during the fourth fiscal quarter. The approximate number of employees by segment is as follows: FSS United States: 146,700; FSS International: 109,800; Uniform: 17,300. In addition, the Aramark corporate staff is approximately 600 employees. Approximately 44,000 employees in the United States are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced any material interruptions of operations due to disputes with our employees and consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory. Governmental Regulation Our business is subject to various federal, state, international, national, provincial and local laws and regulations, in areas such as environmental, labor, employment, immigration, privacy and data security, tax codes, health and safety laws and liquor licensing and dram shop matters. In addition, our facilities and products are subject to periodic inspection by federal, state, local and international authorities. We have established, and periodically update, various internal controls and procedures designed to maintain compliance with these laws and regulations. Our compliance programs are subject to legislative changes, or changes in regulatory interpretation, implementation or enforcement. From time to time both federal and state government agencies have conducted audits of certain of our practices as part of routine investigations of providers of services under government contracts, or otherwise. Like others in our business, we receive requests for information from governmental agencies in connection with these audits. If we fail to comply with applicable laws, we may be subject to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, penalties, damages, reimbursement, injunctions, seizures, disgorgements, debarments from government contracts or loss of liquor licenses. • • alcohol licensing and service; collection of sales and other taxes; • minimum wage, overtime, classification, wage payment and employment discrimination; • • • • • • • • immigration; governmentally funded entitlement programs and cost and accounting principles; false claims, whistleblowers and consumer protection; environmental protection; food safety, sanitation, labeling and human health and safety; customs and import and export controls; the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption laws; antitrust, competition, procurement and lobbying; • minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes; • motor carrier safety; and • privacy and data security. The laws and regulations relating to each of our food and support services segments are numerous and complex. There are a variety of laws and regulations at various governmental levels relating to the handling, preparation, transportation and serving of food, including in some cases requirements relating to the temperature of food, the cleanliness of food production facilities, and the hygiene of food-handling personnel, which are enforced primarily at the local public health department level. While we attempt to comply with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we are in full compliance at all times with all of the applicable laws and regulations or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. Furthermore, legislation and regulatory attention to food safety is very high. Additional or amended regulations in this area may significantly increase the cost of compliance or expose us to liability. In addition, various government agencies impose nutritional guidelines and other requirements on us at certain of the healthcare, education and corrections facilities we serve. We may also be subject to laws and regulations that limit or restrict the use of trans fats in the food we serve or other requirements relating to ingredient or nutrient labeling. There can be no assurance that legislation, or changes in regulatory implementation or interpretation of government regulations, would not limit our activities in the future or significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance. Because we serve alcoholic beverages at many sports, entertainment and recreational facilities, including convention centers and national and state parks, we also hold liquor licenses incidental to our food service operations and are subject to the liquor license requirements of the jurisdictions in which we hold a liquor license. As of September 28, 2018, our subsidiaries held liquor licenses in 42 states and the District of Columbia, 5 Canadian provinces and certain other countries. Typically, liquor licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of our operations, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling, and storage, dispensing and service of alcoholic beverages. We have not encountered any material problems relating to liquor licenses to date. The failure to receive or retain a liquor license in a particular location could adversely affect our ability to obtain such a license elsewhere. Some of our contracts require us to pay liquidated damages during any period in which the liquor license for the facility is suspended as a result of our actions, and most contracts are subject to termination if the liquor license for the facility is lost as a result of our actions. Our service of alcoholic beverages is also subject to alcoholic beverage service laws, commonly called dram shop statutes. Dram shop statutes generally prohibit serving alcoholic beverages to certain persons such as minors or visibly intoxicated persons. If we violate dram shop laws, we may be liable to the patron and/or to third parties for the acts of the visibly intoxicated patron. We sponsor regular training programs designed to minimize the likelihood of such a situation and to take advantage of certain safe harbors and affirmative defenses enacted for the benefit of alcoholic beverage service providers. However, we cannot guarantee that intoxicated or minor patrons will not be served or that liability for their acts will not be imposed on us. Our uniform rental business and our food and support service business are subject to various environmental protection laws and regulations, including the U.S. Federal Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and similar local, state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the use, management, shipping and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials. In particular, 6 7 7 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kindustrial laundries use certain detergents and cleaning chemicals to launder garments and other merchandise. The residues from such detergents and chemicals and residues from soiled garments and other merchandise laundered at our facilities may result in potential discharges to air and to water (through sanitary sewer systems and publicly owned treatment works) and may be contained in waste generated by our wastewater treatment systems. Our industrial laundries are subject to certain volume and chemical air and water pollution discharge limits, monitoring, permitting and recordkeeping requirements. We own or operate aboveground and underground storage tank systems at some locations to store petroleum products for use in our or our clients' operations. Certain of these storage tank systems also are subject to performance standards, periodic monitoring and recordkeeping requirements. We also may use and manage chemicals and hazardous materials in our operations from time to time. We are mindful of the environmental concerns surrounding the use, management, shipping and disposal of these chemicals and hazardous materials, and have taken and continue to take measures to comply with environmental protection laws and regulations. Given the regulated nature of some of our operations, we could face penalties and fines for non- compliance. In the past, we have settled, or contributed to the settlement of, actions or claims relating to the management of underground storage tanks and the handling and disposal of chemicals or hazardous materials, either on or off-site. We may, in the future, be required to expend material amounts to rectify the consequences of any such events. Under environmental laws, we may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous materials located on or in or migrating from our owned or leased property or our clients' properties, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage. Such laws may impose liability without regard to our fault, knowledge or responsibility for the presence of such hazardous substances. We may not know whether our clients' properties or our acquired or leased properties have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that our future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon us under such laws or expose us to third-party actions such as tort suits. As of September 28, 2018, we do not anticipate any capital expenditures for environmental remediation that would have a material effect on our financial condition. Intellectual Property We have the patents, trademarks, trade names and licenses that are necessary for the operation of our business. Other than the Aramark brand, which includes our corporate starperson logo design and the Aramark word mark (our name) and the Avendra brand, we do not consider our patents, trademarks, trade names and licenses to be material to the operation of our business in any material respect. Available Information We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov. Our principal Internet address is www.aramark.com. We make available free of charge on www.aramark.com our annual, quarterly and current reports, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our Business Conduct Policy includes a code of ethics for our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer and applies to all of our employees and non-employee directors. Our Business Conduct Policy is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.aramark.com and is available in print to any person who requests it by writing or telephoning us at the address or telephone number set forth below. You may request a copy of our SEC filings (excluding exhibits) and our Business Conduct Policy at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number: Aramark 1101 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 Attention: Corporate Secretary Telephone: (215) 238-3000 The references to our web site and the SEC's web site are intended to be inactive textual references only and the contents of those websites are not incorporated by reference herein. Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks related to our business condition. Unfavorable economic conditions have, and in the future could, adversely affect our results of operations and financial In the past, national and international economic downturns have reduced demand for our services and any such downturns in the future could reduce demand for our services in each of our reportable segments, resulting in the loss of business or increased pressure to contract for business on less favorable terms than our generally preferred terms. Economic hardship among our client base can also impact our business. For example, during the period of economic distress following the financial crisis of 2008, certain of our businesses were negatively affected by reduced employment levels at our clients’ locations and declining levels of business and consumer spending. In addition, insolvency experienced by clients, especially larger clients, has in the past made it difficult, and in the future could, make it difficult, for us to collect amounts we are owed and could result in the voiding of existing contracts. Similarly, financial distress or insolvency, if experienced by our key vendors and service providers such as insurance carriers, could significantly increase our costs. The portion of our food and support services business that provides services in public facilities such as convention centers and tourist and recreational attractions is particularly sensitive to an economic downturn, as expenditures to take vacations or hold or attend conventions are funded to a partial or total extent by discretionary income. A decrease in such discretionary income on the part of potential attendees at our clients' facilities has in the past resulted, and in the future could result, in a reduction in our sales. Further, because our exposure to the ultimate consumer of what we provide is limited by our dependence on our clients to attract those consumers to their facilities and events, our ability to respond to such a reduction in attendance, and therefore our sales, is limited. There are many factors that could reduce the numbers of events in a facility or attendance at an event, including labor disruptions involving sports leagues, poor performance by the teams playing in a facility, number of playoff games, inclement weather and adverse economic conditions which would adversely affect sales and profits. Natural disasters, global calamities, sports strikes and other adverse incidents could adversely affect our sales and operating results. Natural disasters, including hurricanes and earthquakes, or global calamities, such as an Ebola outbreak or a flu pandemic, have, and in the future could, affect our sales and operating results. In the past, we experienced lost and closed client locations, business disruptions and delays, the loss of inventory and other assets, asset impairments and the effect of the temporary conversion of a number of our client locations to provide food and shelter to those left homeless by storms. For example, our financial results were particularly impacted in 2018 by wildfires in and around Yosemite National Park and in 2017 by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the southern United States. In addition, any terrorist attacks, particularly against venues that we serve, and the national and global military, diplomatic and financial response to such attacks or other threats, also may adversely affect our sales and operating results. Sports strikes, particularly those that persist for an extended time period, can reduce our sales and have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Any decrease in the number of games played would mean a loss of sales and reduced profits at the venues we service. Our failure to retain our current clients, renew our existing client contracts on comparable terms and obtain new client contracts could adversely affect our business. Our success depends on our ability to retain our current clients, renew our existing client contracts and obtain new business on commercially-favorable terms. Our ability to do so generally depends on a variety of factors, including the quality, price and responsiveness of our services, as well as our ability to market these services effectively and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain new business, renew existing client contracts at the same or higher levels of pricing or that our current clients will not turn to competitors, cease operations, elect to self-operate or terminate contracts with us. In addition, consolidation by our clients in the industries we serve could result in our losing business if the combined entity chooses a different provider. The failure to renew a significant number of our existing contracts would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and the failure to obtain new business could have an adverse impact on our growth and financial results. We may be adversely affected if clients reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors. Our business and growth strategies depend in large part on the continuation of a current trend toward outsourcing services. Clients will outsource if they perceive that outsourcing may provide quality services at a lower overall cost and permit them to focus on their core business activities. We cannot be certain that this trend will continue or not be reversed or that clients that have outsourced functions will not decide to perform these functions themselves. In addition, labor unions representing employees of some of our current and prospective clients have occasionally opposed the outsourcing trend to the extent that they believed that current union jobs for their memberships might be lost. In these cases, 8 9 8 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kindustrial laundries use certain detergents and cleaning chemicals to launder garments and other merchandise. The residues from such detergents and chemicals and residues from soiled garments and other merchandise laundered at our facilities may result in potential discharges to air and to water (through sanitary sewer systems and publicly owned treatment works) and may be contained in waste generated by our wastewater treatment systems. Our industrial laundries are subject to certain volume and chemical air and water pollution discharge limits, monitoring, permitting and recordkeeping requirements. We own or operate aboveground and underground storage tank systems at some locations to store petroleum products for use in our or our clients' operations. Certain of these storage tank systems also are subject to performance standards, periodic monitoring and recordkeeping requirements. We also may use and manage chemicals and hazardous materials in our operations from time to time. We are mindful of the environmental concerns surrounding the use, management, shipping and disposal of these chemicals and hazardous materials, and have taken and continue to take measures to comply with environmental protection laws and regulations. Given the regulated nature of some of our operations, we could face penalties and fines for non- compliance. In the past, we have settled, or contributed to the settlement of, actions or claims relating to the management of underground storage tanks and the handling and disposal of chemicals or hazardous materials, either on or off-site. We may, in the future, be required to expend material amounts to rectify the consequences of any such events. Under environmental laws, we may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous materials located on or in or migrating from our owned or leased property or our clients' properties, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage. Such laws may impose liability without regard to our fault, knowledge or responsibility for the presence of such hazardous substances. We may not know whether our clients' properties or our acquired or leased properties have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that our future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon us under such laws or expose us to third-party actions such as tort suits. As of September 28, 2018, we do not anticipate any capital expenditures for environmental remediation that would have a material effect on our financial condition. Intellectual Property any material respect. Available Information We have the patents, trademarks, trade names and licenses that are necessary for the operation of our business. Other than the Aramark brand, which includes our corporate starperson logo design and the Aramark word mark (our name) and the Avendra brand, we do not consider our patents, trademarks, trade names and licenses to be material to the operation of our business in We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov. Our principal Internet address is www.aramark.com. We make available free of charge on www.aramark.com our annual, quarterly and current reports, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our Business Conduct Policy includes a code of ethics for our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer and applies to all of our employees and non-employee directors. Our Business Conduct Policy is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.aramark.com and is available in print to any person who requests it by writing or telephoning us at the address or telephone number set forth below. You may request a copy of our SEC filings (excluding exhibits) and our Business Conduct Policy at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number: Aramark 1101 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 Attention: Corporate Secretary Telephone: (215) 238-3000 The references to our web site and the SEC's web site are intended to be inactive textual references only and the contents of those websites are not incorporated by reference herein. Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks related to our business Unfavorable economic conditions have, and in the future could, adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In the past, national and international economic downturns have reduced demand for our services and any such downturns in the future could reduce demand for our services in each of our reportable segments, resulting in the loss of business or increased pressure to contract for business on less favorable terms than our generally preferred terms. Economic hardship among our client base can also impact our business. For example, during the period of economic distress following the financial crisis of 2008, certain of our businesses were negatively affected by reduced employment levels at our clients’ locations and declining levels of business and consumer spending. In addition, insolvency experienced by clients, especially larger clients, has in the past made it difficult, and in the future could, make it difficult, for us to collect amounts we are owed and could result in the voiding of existing contracts. Similarly, financial distress or insolvency, if experienced by our key vendors and service providers such as insurance carriers, could significantly increase our costs. The portion of our food and support services business that provides services in public facilities such as convention centers and tourist and recreational attractions is particularly sensitive to an economic downturn, as expenditures to take vacations or hold or attend conventions are funded to a partial or total extent by discretionary income. A decrease in such discretionary income on the part of potential attendees at our clients' facilities has in the past resulted, and in the future could result, in a reduction in our sales. Further, because our exposure to the ultimate consumer of what we provide is limited by our dependence on our clients to attract those consumers to their facilities and events, our ability to respond to such a reduction in attendance, and therefore our sales, is limited. There are many factors that could reduce the numbers of events in a facility or attendance at an event, including labor disruptions involving sports leagues, poor performance by the teams playing in a facility, number of playoff games, inclement weather and adverse economic conditions which would adversely affect sales and profits. Natural disasters, global calamities, sports strikes and other adverse incidents could adversely affect our sales and operating results. Natural disasters, including hurricanes and earthquakes, or global calamities, such as an Ebola outbreak or a flu pandemic, have, and in the future could, affect our sales and operating results. In the past, we experienced lost and closed client locations, business disruptions and delays, the loss of inventory and other assets, asset impairments and the effect of the temporary conversion of a number of our client locations to provide food and shelter to those left homeless by storms. For example, our financial results were particularly impacted in 2018 by wildfires in and around Yosemite National Park and in 2017 by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the southern United States. In addition, any terrorist attacks, particularly against venues that we serve, and the national and global military, diplomatic and financial response to such attacks or other threats, also may adversely affect our sales and operating results. Sports strikes, particularly those that persist for an extended time period, can reduce our sales and have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Any decrease in the number of games played would mean a loss of sales and reduced profits at the venues we service. Our failure to retain our current clients, renew our existing client contracts on comparable terms and obtain new client contracts could adversely affect our business. Our success depends on our ability to retain our current clients, renew our existing client contracts and obtain new business on commercially-favorable terms. Our ability to do so generally depends on a variety of factors, including the quality, price and responsiveness of our services, as well as our ability to market these services effectively and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain new business, renew existing client contracts at the same or higher levels of pricing or that our current clients will not turn to competitors, cease operations, elect to self-operate or terminate contracts with us. In addition, consolidation by our clients in the industries we serve could result in our losing business if the combined entity chooses a different provider. The failure to renew a significant number of our existing contracts would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and the failure to obtain new business could have an adverse impact on our growth and financial results. We may be adversely affected if clients reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors. Our business and growth strategies depend in large part on the continuation of a current trend toward outsourcing services. Clients will outsource if they perceive that outsourcing may provide quality services at a lower overall cost and permit them to focus on their core business activities. We cannot be certain that this trend will continue or not be reversed or that clients that have outsourced functions will not decide to perform these functions themselves. In addition, labor unions representing employees of some of our current and prospective clients have occasionally opposed the outsourcing trend to the extent that they believed that current union jobs for their memberships might be lost. In these cases, 8 9 9 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kunions typically seek to prevent public sector entities from outsourcing and if that fails, ensure that jobs that are outsourced continue to be unionized, which can reduce our pricing and operational flexibility with respect to such businesses. We have also identified a trend among some of our clients toward the retention of a limited number of preferred vendors to provide all or a large part of their required services. We cannot be certain that this trend will continue or not be reversed or, if it does continue, that we will be selected and retained as a preferred vendor to provide these services. Unfavorable developments with respect to either outsourcing or the use of preferred vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Competition in our industries could adversely affect our results of operations. There is significant competition in the food and support services business from local, regional, national and international companies, of varying sizes, many of which have substantial financial resources. Our ability to successfully compete depends on our ability to provide quality services at a reasonable price and to provide value to our clients and consumers. Certain of our competitors have been and may in the future be willing to underbid us or accept a lower profit margin or expend more capital in order to obtain or retain business. Also, certain regional and local service providers may be better established than we are within a specific geographic region. In addition, existing or potential clients may elect to self-operate their food and support services, eliminating the opportunity for us to serve them or compete for the account. We also may face increased competition from offsite food delivery at our clients as online restaurant aggregators and similar businesses have been successful at applying technology developments to local food service. While we have a significant international presence, certain of our competitors have more extensive portfolios of services and a broader geographic footprint than we do. Therefore, we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage for clients who require multiservice or multinational bids. We have a number of major national competitors in the uniform rental industry with significant financial resources. In addition, there are regional and local uniform suppliers whom we believe have strong client loyalty. While most clients focus primarily on quality of service, uniform rental also is a price-sensitive service and if existing or future competitors seek to gain clients or accounts by reducing prices, we may be required to lower prices, which would reduce our sales and profits. The uniform rental business requires investment capital for growth. Failure to maintain capital investment in this business would put us at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, due to competition in our uniform rental business, it has become increasingly important for us to source garments and other products overseas, particularly from Asia. To the extent we are not able to effectively source such products from Asia and gain the related cost savings, we may be at a further disadvantage in relation to some of our competitors. Increased operating costs and obstacles to cost recovery due to the pricing and cancellation terms of our food and support services contracts may constrain our ability to make a profit. Our profitability can be adversely affected to the extent we are faced with cost increases for food, wages, other labor related expenses (including workers' compensation, state unemployment insurance and federal or state mandated health benefits and other healthcare costs), insurance, fuel, utilities, piece goods, clothing and equipment, especially to the extent we are unable to recover such increased costs through increases in the prices for our products and services, due to one or more of general economic conditions, competitive conditions or contractual provisions in our client contracts. For example, when federal, state, foreign or local minimum wage rates increase, we may have to increase the wages of both minimum wage employees and employees whose wages are above the minimum wage. We may also face increased operating costs resulting from changes in federal, state or local laws and regulations relating to employment matters, including those relating to the classification of employees, employee eligibility for overtime and secure scheduling requirements, which often incorporate a premium pay mandate for scheduling deviations. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated significantly in the last several years. Substantial increases in the cost of fuel and utilities have historically resulted in substantial cost increases in our uniform rental business, and to a lesser extent in our food and support services segments. From time to time we have experienced increases in our food costs. Food prices can fluctuate as a result of permanent or temporary changes in supply, including as a result of incidences of severe weather such as droughts, heavy rains and late freezes or natural disasters. We have two main types of contract in our food and facilities business: profit and loss contracts in which we bear all of the expenses of the contract but gain the benefit of the sales, and client interest contracts in which our clients share some or all of the expenses and gain some or all of the sales. Approximately two-thirds of our food and support services sales in fiscal 2018 are from profit and loss contracts under which we have limited ability to pass on cost increases to our clients. Therefore, absent our ability to negotiate contractual changes, including pricing, we may have to absorb cost increases, which may adversely impact our operating results. The amount of risk that we bear and our profit potential vary depending on the type of contract under which we provide food and support services. We may be unable to fully recover costs on contracts that limit our ability to increase prices. In addition, we provide many of our services under contracts of indefinite term, which are subject to termination on short notice by either party without cause. Some of our profit and loss and client interest contracts contain minimum guaranteed remittances to our client regardless of our sales or profit at the facility, typically contingent on certain future events. If sales do not exceed costs under a contract that contains minimum guaranteed payments, we will bear any losses which are incurred, as well as the guaranteed payment. Generally, our contracts also limit our ability to raise prices on the food, beverages and merchandise we sell within a particular facility without the client's consent. In addition, some of our contracts exclude certain events or products from the scope of the contract, or give the client the right to modify the terms under which we may operate at certain events. Guaranteed payments or other guaranteed amounts to a client under a profit and loss contract that is not profitable, the refusal by individual clients to permit the sale of some products at their venues, the imposition by clients of limits on prices which are not economically feasible for us, or decisions by clients to curtail their use of the services we provide could adversely affect our sales and results of operations. For example, during the most recent economic downturn, certain of our business & industry clients curtailed their employees' use of catering, which had a negative effect on our sales and profits. Our inability to achieve cost savings through our cost reduction efforts could impact our results of operations. The achievement of the goals we set in our plans and our future financial performance is dependent, in part, on our efforts to reduce our cost structure through various cost reduction initiatives. Successful execution of our cost reduction initiatives is not assured and there are several obstacles to success, including our ability to enable the information technology and business processes required for these efforts. In addition, there can be no assurance that our efforts, if properly executed, will result in our desired outcome of improved financial performance. Our expansion strategy involves risks. We may seek to acquire companies or interests in companies or enter into joint ventures that complement our business. Our inability to complete acquisitions, integrate acquired companies successfully or enter into joint ventures may render us less competitive. At any given time, we may be evaluating one or more acquisitions or engaging in acquisition negotiations. We cannot be sure that we will be able to continue to identify acquisition candidates or joint venture partners on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we make acquisitions, we also cannot be sure that any benefits anticipated from the acquisitions will actually be realized. Likewise, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary financing for acquisitions. Such financing could be restricted by the terms of our debt agreements or it could be more expensive than our current debt. The amount of such debt financing for acquisitions could be significant and the terms of such debt instruments could be more restrictive than our current covenants. In addition, our ability to control the planning and operations of our joint ventures and other less than majority-owned affiliates may be subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the joint venture agreements and majority stockholders. Our joint venture partners may also have interests which differ from ours. The process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in operating, contract and supply chain difficulties, such as the failure to retain existing clients or attract new clients, maintain relationships with suppliers and other contractual parties, or retain and integrate acquired personnel. Also, in connection with any acquisition, we could fail to discover liabilities of the acquired company for which we may be responsible as a successor owner or operator in spite of any investigation we make prior to the acquisition, resulting in additional unanticipated costs. In addition, labor laws in certain countries may require us to retain more employees than would otherwise be optimal from entities we acquire. Such integration difficulties may divert significant financial, operational and managerial resources from our existing operations and make it more difficult to achieve our operating and strategic objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Similarly, our business depends on effective information technology and financial reporting systems. Delays in or poor execution of the integration of these systems could disrupt our operations and increase costs, and could also potentially adversely impact the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting. Possible future acquisitions also could result in the incurrence of additional contingent liabilities and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, goodwill and other intangible assets resulting from business combinations represent a significant portion of our assets. If the goodwill or other intangible assets were deemed to be impaired, we would need to take a charge to earnings to write down these assets to its fair value. For example, in connection with the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions, we recorded aggregate goodwill of $895.1 million. We acquired Avendra on December 11, 2017 and AmeriPride on January 19, 2018. The success of these acquisitions depends, in part, on our ability to successfully integrate these businesses with our current operations and to realize the anticipated benefits, including synergies, from the acquisitions on a timely basis. It may take longer than expected to realize these anticipated benefits and they may ultimately be smaller than we expect. There are a number of challenges and risks involved in our ability to successfully integrate Avendra and AmeriPride with our current businesses and to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions, including all of the risks identified in the paragraphs above. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. For example, there are a number of factors beyond our control that could affect the amount and timing of the integration expenses that we expect to incur in connection with these acquisitions. In addition, in the short term these integration expenses are anticipated to exceed the cost savings that we expect to 10 11 10 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kunions typically seek to prevent public sector entities from outsourcing and if that fails, ensure that jobs that are outsourced continue to be unionized, which can reduce our pricing and operational flexibility with respect to such businesses. We have also identified a trend among some of our clients toward the retention of a limited number of preferred vendors to provide all or a large part of their required services. We cannot be certain that this trend will continue or not be reversed or, if it does continue, that we will be selected and retained as a preferred vendor to provide these services. Unfavorable developments with respect to either outsourcing or the use of preferred vendors could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Competition in our industries could adversely affect our results of operations. There is significant competition in the food and support services business from local, regional, national and international companies, of varying sizes, many of which have substantial financial resources. Our ability to successfully compete depends on our ability to provide quality services at a reasonable price and to provide value to our clients and consumers. Certain of our competitors have been and may in the future be willing to underbid us or accept a lower profit margin or expend more capital in order to obtain or retain business. Also, certain regional and local service providers may be better established than we are within a specific geographic region. In addition, existing or potential clients may elect to self-operate their food and support services, eliminating the opportunity for us to serve them or compete for the account. We also may face increased competition from offsite food delivery at our clients as online restaurant aggregators and similar businesses have been successful at applying technology developments to local food service. While we have a significant international presence, certain of our competitors have more extensive portfolios of services and a broader geographic footprint than we do. Therefore, we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage for clients who require multiservice or multinational bids. We have a number of major national competitors in the uniform rental industry with significant financial resources. In addition, there are regional and local uniform suppliers whom we believe have strong client loyalty. While most clients focus primarily on quality of service, uniform rental also is a price-sensitive service and if existing or future competitors seek to gain clients or accounts by reducing prices, we may be required to lower prices, which would reduce our sales and profits. The uniform rental business requires investment capital for growth. Failure to maintain capital investment in this business would put us at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, due to competition in our uniform rental business, it has become increasingly important for us to source garments and other products overseas, particularly from Asia. To the extent we are not able to effectively source such products from Asia and gain the related cost savings, we may be at a further disadvantage in relation to some of our competitors. Increased operating costs and obstacles to cost recovery due to the pricing and cancellation terms of our food and support services contracts may constrain our ability to make a profit. Our profitability can be adversely affected to the extent we are faced with cost increases for food, wages, other labor related expenses (including workers' compensation, state unemployment insurance and federal or state mandated health benefits and other healthcare costs), insurance, fuel, utilities, piece goods, clothing and equipment, especially to the extent we are unable to recover such increased costs through increases in the prices for our products and services, due to one or more of general economic conditions, competitive conditions or contractual provisions in our client contracts. For example, when federal, state, foreign or local minimum wage rates increase, we may have to increase the wages of both minimum wage employees and employees whose wages are above the minimum wage. We may also face increased operating costs resulting from changes in federal, state or local laws and regulations relating to employment matters, including those relating to the classification of employees, employee eligibility for overtime and secure scheduling requirements, which often incorporate a premium pay mandate for scheduling deviations. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated significantly in the last several years. Substantial increases in the cost of fuel and utilities have historically resulted in substantial cost increases in our uniform rental business, and to a lesser extent in our food and support services segments. From time to time we have experienced increases in our food costs. Food prices can fluctuate as a result of permanent or temporary changes in supply, including as a result of incidences of severe weather such as droughts, heavy rains and late freezes or natural disasters. We have two main types of contract in our food and facilities business: profit and loss contracts in which we bear all of the expenses of the contract but gain the benefit of the sales, and client interest contracts in which our clients share some or all of the expenses and gain some or all of the sales. Approximately two-thirds of our food and support services sales in fiscal 2018 are from profit and loss contracts under which we have limited ability to pass on cost increases to our clients. Therefore, absent our ability to negotiate contractual changes, including pricing, we may have to absorb cost increases, which may adversely impact our operating results. The amount of risk that we bear and our profit potential vary depending on the type of contract under which we provide food and support services. We may be unable to fully recover costs on contracts that limit our ability to increase prices. In addition, we provide many of our services under contracts of indefinite term, which are subject to termination on short notice by either party without cause. Some of our profit and loss and client interest contracts contain minimum guaranteed remittances to our client regardless of our sales or profit at the facility, typically contingent on certain future events. If sales do not exceed costs under a contract that contains minimum guaranteed payments, we will bear any losses which are incurred, as well as the guaranteed payment. Generally, our contracts also limit our ability to raise prices on the food, beverages and merchandise we sell within a particular facility without the client's consent. In addition, some of our contracts exclude certain events or products from the scope of the contract, or give the client the right to modify the terms under which we may operate at certain events. Guaranteed payments or other guaranteed amounts to a client under a profit and loss contract that is not profitable, the refusal by individual clients to permit the sale of some products at their venues, the imposition by clients of limits on prices which are not economically feasible for us, or decisions by clients to curtail their use of the services we provide could adversely affect our sales and results of operations. For example, during the most recent economic downturn, certain of our business & industry clients curtailed their employees' use of catering, which had a negative effect on our sales and profits. Our inability to achieve cost savings through our cost reduction efforts could impact our results of operations. The achievement of the goals we set in our plans and our future financial performance is dependent, in part, on our efforts to reduce our cost structure through various cost reduction initiatives. Successful execution of our cost reduction initiatives is not assured and there are several obstacles to success, including our ability to enable the information technology and business processes required for these efforts. In addition, there can be no assurance that our efforts, if properly executed, will result in our desired outcome of improved financial performance. Our expansion strategy involves risks. We may seek to acquire companies or interests in companies or enter into joint ventures that complement our business. Our inability to complete acquisitions, integrate acquired companies successfully or enter into joint ventures may render us less competitive. At any given time, we may be evaluating one or more acquisitions or engaging in acquisition negotiations. We cannot be sure that we will be able to continue to identify acquisition candidates or joint venture partners on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we make acquisitions, we also cannot be sure that any benefits anticipated from the acquisitions will actually be realized. Likewise, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary financing for acquisitions. Such financing could be restricted by the terms of our debt agreements or it could be more expensive than our current debt. The amount of such debt financing for acquisitions could be significant and the terms of such debt instruments could be more restrictive than our current covenants. In addition, our ability to control the planning and operations of our joint ventures and other less than majority-owned affiliates may be subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the joint venture agreements and majority stockholders. Our joint venture partners may also have interests which differ from ours. The process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in operating, contract and supply chain difficulties, such as the failure to retain existing clients or attract new clients, maintain relationships with suppliers and other contractual parties, or retain and integrate acquired personnel. Also, in connection with any acquisition, we could fail to discover liabilities of the acquired company for which we may be responsible as a successor owner or operator in spite of any investigation we make prior to the acquisition, resulting in additional unanticipated costs. In addition, labor laws in certain countries may require us to retain more employees than would otherwise be optimal from entities we acquire. Such integration difficulties may divert significant financial, operational and managerial resources from our existing operations and make it more difficult to achieve our operating and strategic objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Similarly, our business depends on effective information technology and financial reporting systems. Delays in or poor execution of the integration of these systems could disrupt our operations and increase costs, and could also potentially adversely impact the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting. Possible future acquisitions also could result in the incurrence of additional contingent liabilities and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, goodwill and other intangible assets resulting from business combinations represent a significant portion of our assets. If the goodwill or other intangible assets were deemed to be impaired, we would need to take a charge to earnings to write down these assets to its fair value. For example, in connection with the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions, we recorded aggregate goodwill of $895.1 million. We acquired Avendra on December 11, 2017 and AmeriPride on January 19, 2018. The success of these acquisitions depends, in part, on our ability to successfully integrate these businesses with our current operations and to realize the anticipated benefits, including synergies, from the acquisitions on a timely basis. It may take longer than expected to realize these anticipated benefits and they may ultimately be smaller than we expect. There are a number of challenges and risks involved in our ability to successfully integrate Avendra and AmeriPride with our current businesses and to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions, including all of the risks identified in the paragraphs above. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. For example, there are a number of factors beyond our control that could affect the amount and timing of the integration expenses that we expect to incur in connection with these acquisitions. In addition, in the short term these integration expenses are anticipated to exceed the cost savings that we expect to 10 11 11 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kachieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses, realization of economies of scale and integration of the acquired businesses. During such period, these charges could negatively impact our results of operations. A failure to maintain food safety throughout our supply chain and food-borne illness concerns may result in reputational harm and claims of illness or injury that could adversely affect us. Food safety is a top priority for us and we dedicate substantial resources to ensuring that our consumers enjoy safe, quality food products. Claims of illness or injury relating to food quality or food handling are common in the food service industry, and a number of these claims may exist at any given time. Because food safety issues could be experienced at the source or by food suppliers or distributors, food safety could, in part, be out of our control. Regardless of the source or cause, any report of food- borne illness or other food safety issues such as food tampering or contamination at one of our locations could adversely impact our reputation, hindering our ability to renew contracts on favorable terms or to obtain new business, and have a negative impact on our sales. Even instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or contamination at a location served by one of our competitors could result in negative publicity regarding the food service industry generally and could negatively impact our sales. Future food safety issues may also from time to time disrupt our business. In addition, product recalls or health concerns associated with food contamination may also increase our raw materials costs. Laws and governmental regulations relating to food and beverages may subject us to significant liability. The laws and regulations relating to each of our food and support services segments are numerous and complex. A variety of laws and regulations at various governmental levels relating to the handling, preparation, transportation and serving of food (including, in some cases, requirements relating to the temperature of food), and the cleanliness of food production facilities and the hygiene of food-handling personnel are enforced primarily at the local public health department level. There can be no assurance that we are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations at all times or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. Furthermore, legislation and regulatory attention to food safety is very high. Additional or amended laws or regulations in this area may significantly increase the cost of compliance or expose us to liabilities. We serve alcoholic beverages at many facilities, and must comply with applicable licensing laws, as well as state and local service laws, commonly called dram shop statutes. Dram shop statutes generally prohibit serving alcoholic beverages to certain persons, such as an individual who is visibly intoxicated or a minor. If we violate dram shop laws, we may be liable to the patron and/or third parties for the acts of the patron. Although we sponsor regular training programs designed to minimize the likelihood of such a situation and to take advantage of certain safe harbors and affirmative defenses established for the benefit of alcoholic beverages service providers, we cannot guarantee that visibly intoxicated or minor patrons will not be served or that liability for their acts will not be imposed on us. There can be no assurance that additional laws or regulations in this area would not limit our activities in the future or significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance. We must also obtain and comply with the terms of licenses in order to sell alcoholic beverages in the states in which we serve alcoholic beverages. Some of our contracts require us to pay liquidated damages during any period in which the liquor license for the facility is suspended as a result of our actions, and most contracts are subject to termination if the liquor license for the facility is lost as a result of our actions. If we fail to comply with requirements imposed by applicable law or other governmental regulations, we could become subject to lawsuits, investigations and other liabilities and restrictions on our operations that could significantly and adversely affect our business. We are subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state, international, national, provincial and local levels in many areas of our business, such as employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety, labeling and sanitation laws, governmentally funded entitlement programs and cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti- corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, and alcohol licensing and service laws. From time to time, governmental agencies have conducted reviews and audits of certain of our practices as part of routine investigations of providers of services under government contracts, or otherwise. Like others in our business, we also receive requests for information from government agencies in connection with these reviews and audits. While we attempt to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations or interpretations of these laws and regulations at all times or that we will be able to comply with any future laws, regulations or interpretations of these laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including those referred to above, we may be subject to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, penalties, damages, reimbursement, injunctions, seizures, disgorgements or debarments from government contracts or the loss of liquor licenses or the ability to operate our motor vehicles. The cost of compliance or the consequences of non-compliance, including debarments, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, government agencies may make changes in the regulatory frameworks within which we operate that may require either the corporation as a whole or individual businesses to incur substantial increases in costs in order to comply with such laws and regulations. Changes in, new interpretations of or changes in the enforcement of the governmental regulatory framework may affect our contracts and contract terms and may reduce our sales or profits. A portion of our sales, estimated to be approximately 14% in fiscal 2018, is derived from business with U.S. federal, state and local governments and agencies. Changes or new interpretations in, or changes in the enforcement of, the statutory or regulatory framework applicable to services provided under government contracts or bidding procedures, including an adverse change in government spending policies or appropriations, budget priorities or revenue levels, particularly by our food and support services businesses, could result in fewer new contracts or contract renewals, modifications to the methods we apply to price government contracts, or in contract terms of shorter duration than we have historically experienced. Any of these changes could result in lower sales or profits than we have historically achieved, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Environmental regulations may subject us to significant liability and limit our ability to grow. We are subject to various environmental protection laws and regulations, including the U.S. Federal Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and similar federal, state and local statutes and regulations governing the use, management, and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials. In particular, industrial laundries in our uniform rental business use certain detergents and cleaning chemicals to launder garments and other merchandise. The residues from such detergents and chemicals and residues from soiled garments and other merchandise laundered at our facilities may result in potential discharges to air and to water (through sanitary sewer systems and publicly owned treatment works) and may be contained in waste generated by our wastewater treatment systems. Our industrial laundries are subject to certain volume and chemical air and water pollution discharge limits, monitoring, permitting and recordkeeping requirements. We own or operate aboveground and underground storage tank systems at some locations to store petroleum products for use in our or our clients' operations. Certain of these storage tank systems also are subject to performance standards, periodic monitoring, and recordkeeping requirements. We also may use and manage chemicals and hazardous materials in our operations from time to time. In the course of our business, we may be subject to penalties and fines for non-compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations and we may settle, or contribute to the settlement of, actions or claims relating to the management of underground storage tanks and the handling and disposal of chemicals or hazardous materials. We may, in the future, be required to expend material amounts to rectify the consequences of any such events. In addition, changes to environmental laws may subject us to additional costs or cause us to change aspects of our business. Under U.S. federal and state environmental protection laws, as an owner or operator of real estate we may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous materials located on or in or migrating from our owned or leased property or our client's properties, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage, without regard to our fault, knowledge, or responsibility for the presence of such hazardous materials. There can be no assurance that locations that we own, lease or otherwise operate, either for ourselves or for our clients, or that we may acquire in the future, have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon us under such laws or expose us to third-party actions such as tort suits. In addition, such regulations may limit our ability to identify suitable sites for new or expanded facilities. In connection with our present or past operations and the present or past operations of our predecessors or companies that we have acquired, hazardous substances may migrate from properties on which we operate or which were operated by our predecessors or companies we acquired to other properties. We may be subject to significant liabilities to the extent that human health is adversely affected or the value of such properties is diminished by such migration. Our international business faces risks different from those we face in the United States that could have an effect on our results of operations and financial condition. A significant portion of our sales is derived from international business. During fiscal 2018, approximately 23% of our sales were generated outside of the United States. We currently have a presence in 18 countries outside of the United States with approximately 109,800 personnel. We also provide our services on a more limited basis in several additional countries. Our international operations are subject to risks that are different from those we face in the United States, including the requirement to comply with changing, conflicting and unclear national and local regulatory requirements; Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 12 13 12 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kachieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses, realization of economies of scale and integration of the acquired businesses. During such period, these charges could negatively impact our results of operations. A failure to maintain food safety throughout our supply chain and food-borne illness concerns may result in reputational harm and claims of illness or injury that could adversely affect us. Food safety is a top priority for us and we dedicate substantial resources to ensuring that our consumers enjoy safe, quality food products. Claims of illness or injury relating to food quality or food handling are common in the food service industry, and a number of these claims may exist at any given time. Because food safety issues could be experienced at the source or by food suppliers or distributors, food safety could, in part, be out of our control. Regardless of the source or cause, any report of food- borne illness or other food safety issues such as food tampering or contamination at one of our locations could adversely impact our reputation, hindering our ability to renew contracts on favorable terms or to obtain new business, and have a negative impact on our sales. Even instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or contamination at a location served by one of our competitors could result in negative publicity regarding the food service industry generally and could negatively impact our sales. Future food safety issues may also from time to time disrupt our business. In addition, product recalls or health concerns associated with food contamination may also increase our raw materials costs. Laws and governmental regulations relating to food and beverages may subject us to significant liability. The laws and regulations relating to each of our food and support services segments are numerous and complex. A variety of laws and regulations at various governmental levels relating to the handling, preparation, transportation and serving of food (including, in some cases, requirements relating to the temperature of food), and the cleanliness of food production facilities and the hygiene of food-handling personnel are enforced primarily at the local public health department level. There can be no assurance that we are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations at all times or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. Furthermore, legislation and regulatory attention to food safety is very high. Additional or amended laws or regulations in this area may significantly increase the cost of compliance or expose us to liabilities. We serve alcoholic beverages at many facilities, and must comply with applicable licensing laws, as well as state and local service laws, commonly called dram shop statutes. Dram shop statutes generally prohibit serving alcoholic beverages to certain persons, such as an individual who is visibly intoxicated or a minor. If we violate dram shop laws, we may be liable to the patron and/or third parties for the acts of the patron. Although we sponsor regular training programs designed to minimize the likelihood of such a situation and to take advantage of certain safe harbors and affirmative defenses established for the benefit of alcoholic beverages service providers, we cannot guarantee that visibly intoxicated or minor patrons will not be served or that liability for their acts will not be imposed on us. There can be no assurance that additional laws or regulations in this area would not limit our activities in the future or significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance. We must also obtain and comply with the terms of licenses in order to sell alcoholic beverages in the states in which we serve alcoholic beverages. Some of our contracts require us to pay liquidated damages during any period in which the liquor license for the facility is suspended as a result of our actions, and most contracts are subject to termination if the liquor license for the facility is lost as a result of our actions. adversely affect our business. If we fail to comply with requirements imposed by applicable law or other governmental regulations, we could become subject to lawsuits, investigations and other liabilities and restrictions on our operations that could significantly and We are subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state, international, national, provincial and local levels in many areas of our business, such as employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety, labeling and sanitation laws, governmentally funded entitlement programs and cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti- corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, and alcohol licensing and service laws. From time to time, governmental agencies have conducted reviews and audits of certain of our practices as part of routine investigations of providers of services under government contracts, or otherwise. Like others in our business, we also receive requests for information from government agencies in connection with these reviews and audits. While we attempt to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations or interpretations of these laws and regulations at all times or that we will be able to comply with any future laws, regulations or interpretations of these laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including those referred to above, we may be subject to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, penalties, damages, reimbursement, injunctions, seizures, disgorgements or debarments from government contracts or the loss of liquor licenses or the ability to operate our motor vehicles. The cost of compliance or the consequences of non-compliance, including debarments, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, government agencies may make changes in the regulatory frameworks within which we operate that may require either the corporation as a whole or individual businesses to incur substantial increases in costs in order to comply with such laws and regulations. Changes in, new interpretations of or changes in the enforcement of the governmental regulatory framework may affect our contracts and contract terms and may reduce our sales or profits. A portion of our sales, estimated to be approximately 14% in fiscal 2018, is derived from business with U.S. federal, state and local governments and agencies. Changes or new interpretations in, or changes in the enforcement of, the statutory or regulatory framework applicable to services provided under government contracts or bidding procedures, including an adverse change in government spending policies or appropriations, budget priorities or revenue levels, particularly by our food and support services businesses, could result in fewer new contracts or contract renewals, modifications to the methods we apply to price government contracts, or in contract terms of shorter duration than we have historically experienced. Any of these changes could result in lower sales or profits than we have historically achieved, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Environmental regulations may subject us to significant liability and limit our ability to grow. We are subject to various environmental protection laws and regulations, including the U.S. Federal Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and similar federal, state and local statutes and regulations governing the use, management, and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials. In particular, industrial laundries in our uniform rental business use certain detergents and cleaning chemicals to launder garments and other merchandise. The residues from such detergents and chemicals and residues from soiled garments and other merchandise laundered at our facilities may result in potential discharges to air and to water (through sanitary sewer systems and publicly owned treatment works) and may be contained in waste generated by our wastewater treatment systems. Our industrial laundries are subject to certain volume and chemical air and water pollution discharge limits, monitoring, permitting and recordkeeping requirements. We own or operate aboveground and underground storage tank systems at some locations to store petroleum products for use in our or our clients' operations. Certain of these storage tank systems also are subject to performance standards, periodic monitoring, and recordkeeping requirements. We also may use and manage chemicals and hazardous materials in our operations from time to time. In the course of our business, we may be subject to penalties and fines for non-compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations and we may settle, or contribute to the settlement of, actions or claims relating to the management of underground storage tanks and the handling and disposal of chemicals or hazardous materials. We may, in the future, be required to expend material amounts to rectify the consequences of any such events. In addition, changes to environmental laws may subject us to additional costs or cause us to change aspects of our business. Under U.S. federal and state environmental protection laws, as an owner or operator of real estate we may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous materials located on or in or migrating from our owned or leased property or our client's properties, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage, without regard to our fault, knowledge, or responsibility for the presence of such hazardous materials. There can be no assurance that locations that we own, lease or otherwise operate, either for ourselves or for our clients, or that we may acquire in the future, have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon us under such laws or expose us to third-party actions such as tort suits. In addition, such regulations may limit our ability to identify suitable sites for new or expanded facilities. In connection with our present or past operations and the present or past operations of our predecessors or companies that we have acquired, hazardous substances may migrate from properties on which we operate or which were operated by our predecessors or companies we acquired to other properties. We may be subject to significant liabilities to the extent that human health is adversely affected or the value of such properties is diminished by such migration. Our international business faces risks different from those we face in the United States that could have an effect on our results of operations and financial condition. A significant portion of our sales is derived from international business. During fiscal 2018, approximately 23% of our sales were generated outside of the United States. We currently have a presence in 18 countries outside of the United States with approximately 109,800 personnel. We also provide our services on a more limited basis in several additional countries. Our international operations are subject to risks that are different from those we face in the United States, including the requirement to comply with changing, conflicting and unclear national and local regulatory requirements; Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 12 13 13 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KU.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption law compliance matters; potential difficulties in staffing and labor disputes; differing local labor laws; managing and obtaining support and distribution for local operations; credit risk or financial condition of local clients; potential imposition of restrictions on investments; potentially adverse tax consequences, including imposition or increase of withholding, VAT and other taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; foreign exchange controls; and local political and social conditions. For example, in June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union ("Brexit"). Aramark has operated in the United Kingdom since 1972 and employs approximately 10,000 employees there today. While our operations in the United Kingdom do not represent a significant portion of our sales, the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union could have a negative effect on our business there if Brexit results in a slow down of the local economy or employment environment. In addition, the operating results of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars and those results are affected by movements in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. We intend to continue to develop our business in emerging countries over the long term. Emerging international operations present several additional risks, including greater fluctuation in currencies relative to the U.S. dollar; economic and governmental instability; civil disturbances; volatility in gross domestic production; and nationalization and expropriation of private assets. There can be no assurance that the foregoing factors will not have a material adverse effect on our international operations or on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Continued or further unionization of our workforce may increase our costs and work stoppages could damage our business. Approximately 44,000 employees in our North America operations are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements. The continued or further unionization of a significantly greater portion of our workforce could increase our overall costs at the affected locations and adversely affect our flexibility to run our business in the most efficient manner to remain competitive or acquire new business. In addition, any significant increase in the number of work stoppages at our various operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may incur significant liability as a result of our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. A number of our locations operate under collective bargaining agreements. Under some of these agreements, we are obligated to contribute to multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. As a contributing employer to such plans, should we trigger either a “complete” or a “partial withdrawal,” we would be subject to withdrawal liability (or partial withdrawal liability) for our proportionate share of any unfunded vested benefits. In addition, if a multiemployer defined benefit pension plan fails to satisfy the minimum funding standards, we could be liable to increase our contributions to meet minimum funding standards. Also, if a participating employer withdraws from the plan or experiences financial difficulty, including bankruptcy, our obligation could increase. The financial status of certain of the plans to which we contribute has deteriorated in the recent past and continues to deteriorate. In addition, any increased funding obligations for underfunded multiemployer defined benefit pension plans could have an adverse financial impact on us. Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could adversely affect our results of operations. The raw materials we use in our business and the finished products we sell are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international suppliers. We seek to require our suppliers to comply with applicable laws and otherwise be certified as meeting our supplier standards of conduct. Our ability to find qualified suppliers who meet our standards, and to access raw materials and finished products in a timely and efficient manner is a challenge, especially with respect to suppliers located and goods sourced outside the United States. Insolvency experienced by suppliers could make it difficult for us to source the items we need to run our business. Political and economic stability in the countries in which foreign suppliers are located, the financial stability of suppliers, suppliers' failure to meet our supplier standards, labor problems experienced by our suppliers, the availability of raw materials to suppliers, currency exchange rates, transport availability and cost, inflation and other factors relating to the suppliers and the countries in which they are located are beyond our control. United States foreign trade policies, tariffs and other impositions on imported goods, trade sanctions imposed on certain countries, the limitation on the importation of certain types of goods or of goods containing certain materials from other countries and other factors relating to foreign trade are beyond our control. If one of our suppliers were to violate the law, our reputation may be harmed simply due to our association with that supplier. These and other factors affecting our suppliers and our access to raw materials and finished products could adversely affect our results of operations. In fiscal 2018, one distributor distributed approximately 49% of our food and non-food products in the United States and Canada, and if our relationship or their business were to be disrupted, we could experience disruptions to our operations and cost structure. Although we negotiate the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and related products in the U.S. and Canada directly with national manufacturers, we purchase these products and other items through Sysco Corporation and other distributors. Sysco, the main U.S. and Canadian distributor of our food and non-food products, and other distributors are responsible for tracking our orders and delivering products to our specific locations. If our relationship with, or the business of, Sysco were to be disrupted, we would have to arrange alternative distributors and our operations and cost structure could be adversely affected in the short term. Similarly, a sudden termination of the relationship with a significant provider in other geographic areas could in the short term adversely affect our ability to provide services and disrupt our client relationships in such areas. Our business may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel or if labor costs increase. From time to time, we have had difficulty in hiring and retaining qualified management personnel, particularly at the entry management level. We will continue to have significant requirements to hire such personnel. At times when the United States or other geographic regions experience reduced levels of unemployment, there may be a shortage of qualified workers at all levels. Given that our workforce requires large numbers of entry level and skilled workers and managers, low levels of unemployment when such conditions exist or mismatches between the labor markets and our skill requirements can compromise our ability in certain areas of our businesses to continue to provide quality service or compete for new business. We also regularly hire a large number of part-time and seasonal workers, particularly in our food and support services segments. Any difficulty we may encounter in hiring such workers could result in significant increases in labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Competition for labor has at times resulted in wage increases in the past and future competition could substantially increase our labor costs. Due to the labor intensive nature of our businesses and the fact that two-thirds of our food and support services segments' sales are from profit and loss contracts under which we have limited ability to pass along cost increases, a shortage of labor or increases in wage levels in excess of normal levels could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Healthcare reform legislation could have an impact on our business. During 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 were signed into law in the United States. Certain of the provisions that have increased our healthcare costs include the removal of annual plan limits, the mandate that health plans provide 100% coverage on expanded preventative care and new eligibility rules, which cover more variable hour employees than we have done in the past. A number of the provisions of the legislation have been delayed and/or phased in over time, such as the excise tax on high cost coverage. Further regulatory action in this area is expected. Such action could result in changes to healthcare eligibility, design and cost structure that could have an adverse impact on our business and operating costs. Our business is contract intensive and may lead to client disputes. Our business is contract intensive and we are parties to many contracts with clients all over the world. Our client interest contracts provide that client billings, and for some contracts the sharing of profits and losses, are based on our determinations of costs of service. Contract terms under which we base these determinations and, for certain government contracts, regulations governing our cost determinations, may be subject to differing interpretations which could result in disputes with our clients from time to time. Clients generally have the right to audit our contracts, and we periodically review our compliance with contract terms and provisions. If clients were to dispute our contract determinations, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect sales and operating results. While we do not believe any reviews, audits or other such matters should result in material adjustments, if a large number of our client arrangements were modified in response to any such matter, the effect could be materially adverse to our business or results of operations. Our operations are seasonal and quarter to quarter comparisons may not be a good indicator of our performance. In our first and second fiscal quarters, within the FSS United States segment, there historically has been a lower level of sales to sports and leisure clients, which is partly offset by increased activity in educational operations. In our third and fourth fiscal quarters, there historically has been a significant increase in sales to sports and leisure clients, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess in educational operations. For these reasons, a quarter to quarter comparison is not a good indication of our performance or how we will perform in the future. Our operations and reputation may be adversely affected by disruptions to or breaches of our information systems or if our data is otherwise compromised. We are increasingly utilizing information technology systems, including with respect to administrative functions, financial and operational data, ordering, point-of-sale processing and payment and the management of our supply chain, to enhance the efficiency of our business and to improve the overall experience of our customers. We maintain confidential, proprietary and personal information about, or on behalf of, our potential, current and former clients, customers, employees and other third parties in these systems or engage third parties in connection with storage and processing of this information. Such information includes large volumes of employee, client and third party data, including credit card numbers, social security numbers, healthcare information and other personal information. Our systems and the systems of our vendors and other third parties are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer or telecommunication failures, computer viruses, catastrophic 14 15 14 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KU.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption law compliance matters; potential difficulties in staffing and labor disputes; differing local labor laws; managing and obtaining support and distribution for local operations; credit risk or financial condition of local clients; potential imposition of restrictions on investments; potentially adverse tax consequences, including imposition or increase of withholding, VAT and other taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; foreign exchange controls; and local political and social conditions. For example, in June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union ("Brexit"). Aramark has operated in the United Kingdom since 1972 and employs approximately 10,000 employees there today. While our operations in the United Kingdom do not represent a significant portion of our sales, the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union could have a negative effect on our business there if Brexit results in a slow down of the local economy or employment environment. In addition, the operating results of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars and those results are affected by movements in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. We intend to continue to develop our business in emerging countries over the long term. Emerging international operations present several additional risks, including greater fluctuation in currencies relative to the U.S. dollar; economic and governmental instability; civil disturbances; volatility in gross domestic production; and nationalization and expropriation of private assets. There can be no assurance that the foregoing factors will not have a material adverse effect on our international operations or on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Continued or further unionization of our workforce may increase our costs and work stoppages could damage our business. Approximately 44,000 employees in our North America operations are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements. The continued or further unionization of a significantly greater portion of our workforce could increase our overall costs at the affected locations and adversely affect our flexibility to run our business in the most efficient manner to remain competitive or acquire new business. In addition, any significant increase in the number of work stoppages at our various operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may incur significant liability as a result of our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. A number of our locations operate under collective bargaining agreements. Under some of these agreements, we are obligated to contribute to multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. As a contributing employer to such plans, should we trigger either a “complete” or a “partial withdrawal,” we would be subject to withdrawal liability (or partial withdrawal liability) for our proportionate share of any unfunded vested benefits. In addition, if a multiemployer defined benefit pension plan fails to satisfy the minimum funding standards, we could be liable to increase our contributions to meet minimum funding standards. Also, if a participating employer withdraws from the plan or experiences financial difficulty, including bankruptcy, our obligation could increase. The financial status of certain of the plans to which we contribute has deteriorated in the recent past and continues to deteriorate. In addition, any increased funding obligations for underfunded multiemployer defined benefit pension plans could have an adverse financial impact on us. Risks associated with the suppliers from whom our products are sourced could adversely affect our results of operations. The raw materials we use in our business and the finished products we sell are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international suppliers. We seek to require our suppliers to comply with applicable laws and otherwise be certified as meeting our supplier standards of conduct. Our ability to find qualified suppliers who meet our standards, and to access raw materials and finished products in a timely and efficient manner is a challenge, especially with respect to suppliers located and goods sourced outside the United States. Insolvency experienced by suppliers could make it difficult for us to source the items we need to run our business. Political and economic stability in the countries in which foreign suppliers are located, the financial stability of suppliers, suppliers' failure to meet our supplier standards, labor problems experienced by our suppliers, the availability of raw materials to suppliers, currency exchange rates, transport availability and cost, inflation and other factors relating to the suppliers and the countries in which they are located are beyond our control. United States foreign trade policies, tariffs and other impositions on imported goods, trade sanctions imposed on certain countries, the limitation on the importation of certain types of goods or of goods containing certain materials from other countries and other factors relating to foreign trade are beyond our control. If one of our suppliers were to violate the law, our reputation may be harmed simply due to our association with that supplier. These and other factors affecting our suppliers and our access to raw materials and finished products could adversely affect our results of operations. In fiscal 2018, one distributor distributed approximately 49% of our food and non-food products in the United States and Canada, and if our relationship or their business were to be disrupted, we could experience disruptions to our operations and cost structure. Although we negotiate the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and related products in the U.S. and Canada directly with national manufacturers, we purchase these products and other items through Sysco Corporation and other distributors. Sysco, the main U.S. and Canadian distributor of our food and non-food products, and other distributors are 14 responsible for tracking our orders and delivering products to our specific locations. If our relationship with, or the business of, Sysco were to be disrupted, we would have to arrange alternative distributors and our operations and cost structure could be adversely affected in the short term. Similarly, a sudden termination of the relationship with a significant provider in other geographic areas could in the short term adversely affect our ability to provide services and disrupt our client relationships in such areas. Our business may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel or if labor costs increase. From time to time, we have had difficulty in hiring and retaining qualified management personnel, particularly at the entry management level. We will continue to have significant requirements to hire such personnel. At times when the United States or other geographic regions experience reduced levels of unemployment, there may be a shortage of qualified workers at all levels. Given that our workforce requires large numbers of entry level and skilled workers and managers, low levels of unemployment when such conditions exist or mismatches between the labor markets and our skill requirements can compromise our ability in certain areas of our businesses to continue to provide quality service or compete for new business. We also regularly hire a large number of part-time and seasonal workers, particularly in our food and support services segments. Any difficulty we may encounter in hiring such workers could result in significant increases in labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Competition for labor has at times resulted in wage increases in the past and future competition could substantially increase our labor costs. Due to the labor intensive nature of our businesses and the fact that two-thirds of our food and support services segments' sales are from profit and loss contracts under which we have limited ability to pass along cost increases, a shortage of labor or increases in wage levels in excess of normal levels could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Healthcare reform legislation could have an impact on our business. During 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 were signed into law in the United States. Certain of the provisions that have increased our healthcare costs include the removal of annual plan limits, the mandate that health plans provide 100% coverage on expanded preventative care and new eligibility rules, which cover more variable hour employees than we have done in the past. A number of the provisions of the legislation have been delayed and/or phased in over time, such as the excise tax on high cost coverage. Further regulatory action in this area is expected. Such action could result in changes to healthcare eligibility, design and cost structure that could have an adverse impact on our business and operating costs. Our business is contract intensive and may lead to client disputes. Our business is contract intensive and we are parties to many contracts with clients all over the world. Our client interest contracts provide that client billings, and for some contracts the sharing of profits and losses, are based on our determinations of costs of service. Contract terms under which we base these determinations and, for certain government contracts, regulations governing our cost determinations, may be subject to differing interpretations which could result in disputes with our clients from time to time. Clients generally have the right to audit our contracts, and we periodically review our compliance with contract terms and provisions. If clients were to dispute our contract determinations, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect sales and operating results. While we do not believe any reviews, audits or other such matters should result in material adjustments, if a large number of our client arrangements were modified in response to any such matter, the effect could be materially adverse to our business or results of operations. Our operations are seasonal and quarter to quarter comparisons may not be a good indicator of our performance. In our first and second fiscal quarters, within the FSS United States segment, there historically has been a lower level of sales to sports and leisure clients, which is partly offset by increased activity in educational operations. In our third and fourth fiscal quarters, there historically has been a significant increase in sales to sports and leisure clients, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess in educational operations. For these reasons, a quarter to quarter comparison is not a good indication of our performance or how we will perform in the future. Our operations and reputation may be adversely affected by disruptions to or breaches of our information systems or if our data is otherwise compromised. We are increasingly utilizing information technology systems, including with respect to administrative functions, financial and operational data, ordering, point-of-sale processing and payment and the management of our supply chain, to enhance the efficiency of our business and to improve the overall experience of our customers. We maintain confidential, proprietary and personal information about, or on behalf of, our potential, current and former clients, customers, employees and other third parties in these systems or engage third parties in connection with storage and processing of this information. Such information includes large volumes of employee, client and third party data, including credit card numbers, social security numbers, healthcare information and other personal information. Our systems and the systems of our vendors and other third parties are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer or telecommunication failures, computer viruses, catastrophic 15 15 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kevents and implementation delays or difficulties, as well as usage errors by our employees or third party service providers. These systems are also vulnerable to an increasing threat of rapidly evolving cyber-based attacks, including malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, including through phishing emails, attempts to fraudulently induce employees or others to disclose information, the exploitation of software and operating vulnerabilities, and physical device tampering/ skimming at card reader units. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, may be difficult to detect for a long time and often are not recognized until after an attack is launched or occurs. As a result, we and such third parties may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, we or such third parties may decide to upgrade existing information technology systems from time to time to support the needs of our business and growth strategy and the risk of system disruption is increased when significant system changes are undertaken. During the normal course of business, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience attempts to compromise our information systems, although none, to our knowledge, has had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Any damage to, or compromise or breach of our systems or the systems of our vendors could impair our ability to conduct our business, result in transaction errors, result in corruption or loss of accounting or other data, which could cause delays in our financial reporting, and result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, reputational damage, adverse publicity, and a loss of confidence in our security measures. Any such event could cause us to incur substantial costs, including costs associated with systems remediation, client protection, litigation, lost revenues or the failure to retain or attract clients following an attack. The failure to properly respond to any such event could also result in similar exposure to liability. While we maintain insurance coverage that may cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be unavailable or insufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise. Further, as cybersecurity risks evolve, such insurance may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The occurrence of some or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business, and reputation. We are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the U.S. and internationally as well as contractual obligations and other security standards, each designed to protect the information of clients, customers, employees, and other third parties that we collect and maintain, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which took effect in May 2018. A failure to comply with the GDPR could result in fines of up to 4% of annual global revenues. Because we accept debit and credit cards for payment from clients and customers, we are also subject to various industry data protection standards and protocols, such as payment network security operating guidelines and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. In certain circumstances, payment card association rules and obligations make us liable to payment card issuers if information in connection with payment cards and payment card transactions that we hold is compromised, which liabilities could be substantial. These laws, regulations and obligations are increasing in complexity and number, change frequently and increasingly conflict among the various countries in which we operate. Other jurisdictions, including states in the U.S., have enacted or are enacting similar data protection laws, and/or are considering data localization laws that require data to stay within their borders. Our systems and the systems maintained or used by third parties and service providers may not be able to satisfy these changing legal and regulatory requirements, or may require significant additional investments or time to do so. If we fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant litigation, monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in one or more jurisdictions and we could experience a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could adversely affect our business and stock price. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that we would prevent or detect a misstatement of our financial statements or fraud. Any failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and timely or to detect and prevent fraud. A significant financial reporting failure or material weakness in internal control over financial reporting could cause a loss of investor confidence and decline in the market price of our common stock. Risks Related to Our Indebtedness Our leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industries, expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt and prevent us from meeting our obligations. We are highly leveraged. As of September 28, 2018, our outstanding indebtedness was $7,244.0 million. We had additional availability of $902.8 million under our revolving credit facilities as of that date. This degree of leverage could have important consequences, including: exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and our receivables facility, are at variable rates of interest; • making it more difficult for us to make payments on our indebtedness; increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities; restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged; and limiting our ability to benefit from tax deductions for such payments under certain interest expense limitation rules included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could increase. If our financial performance were to deteriorate, we may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful. Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. While we believe that we currently have adequate cash flows to service our indebtedness, if our financial performance were to deteriorate significantly, we might be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If, due to such a deterioration in our financial performance, our cash flows and capital resources were to be insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In addition, if we were required to raise additional capital in the current financial markets, the terms of such financing, if available, could result in higher costs and greater restrictions on our business. In addition, although none of our long-term borrowings mature prior to 2021, if we were to need to refinance our existing indebtedness, the conditions in the financial markets at that time could make it difficult to refinance our existing indebtedness on acceptable terms or at all. If such alternative measures proved unsuccessful, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. Our senior secured credit agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from any disposition of assets and to refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business. Our senior secured credit agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit our and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to, among other things: incur additional indebtedness, refinance or restructure indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of our capital stock, make unscheduled payments on our notes, repurchase or redeem our senior notes or make other restricted payments; • make certain investments; sell certain assets; create liens; • • • • • • • • • • • 16 17 16 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kevents and implementation delays or difficulties, as well as usage errors by our employees or third party service providers. These systems are also vulnerable to an increasing threat of rapidly evolving cyber-based attacks, including malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, including through phishing emails, attempts to fraudulently induce employees or others to disclose information, the exploitation of software and operating vulnerabilities, and physical device tampering/ skimming at card reader units. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, may be difficult to detect for a long time and often are not recognized until after an attack is launched or occurs. As a result, we and such third parties may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, we or such third parties may decide to upgrade existing information technology systems from time to time to support the needs of our business and growth strategy and the risk of system disruption is increased when significant system changes are undertaken. During the normal course of business, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience attempts to compromise our information systems, although none, to our knowledge, has had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Any damage to, or compromise or breach of our systems or the systems of our vendors could impair our ability to conduct our business, result in transaction errors, result in corruption or loss of accounting or other data, which could cause delays in our financial reporting, and result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and financial exposure, reputational damage, adverse publicity, and a loss of confidence in our security measures. Any such event could cause us to incur substantial costs, including costs associated with systems remediation, client protection, litigation, lost revenues or the failure to retain or attract clients following an attack. The failure to properly respond to any such event could also result in similar exposure to liability. While we maintain insurance coverage that may cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be unavailable or insufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise. Further, as cybersecurity risks evolve, such insurance may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The occurrence of some or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, business, and reputation. We are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the U.S. and internationally as well as contractual obligations and other security standards, each designed to protect the information of clients, customers, employees, and other third parties that we collect and maintain, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which took effect in May 2018. A failure to comply with the GDPR could result in fines of up to 4% of annual global revenues. Because we accept debit and credit cards for payment from clients and customers, we are also subject to various industry data protection standards and protocols, such as payment network security operating guidelines and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. In certain circumstances, payment card association rules and obligations make us liable to payment card issuers if information in connection with payment cards and payment card transactions that we hold is compromised, which liabilities could be substantial. These laws, regulations and obligations are increasing in complexity and number, change frequently and increasingly conflict among the various countries in which we operate. Other jurisdictions, including states in the U.S., have enacted or are enacting similar data protection laws, and/or are considering data localization laws that require data to stay within their borders. Our systems and the systems maintained or used by third parties and service providers may not be able to satisfy these changing legal and regulatory requirements, or may require significant additional investments or time to do so. If we fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to significant litigation, monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in one or more jurisdictions and we could experience a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could adversely affect our business and stock price. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that we would prevent or detect a misstatement of our financial statements or fraud. Any failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and timely or to detect and prevent fraud. A significant financial reporting failure or material weakness in internal control over financial reporting could cause a loss of investor confidence and decline in the market price of our common stock. Risks Related to Our Indebtedness Our leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industries, expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt and prevent us from meeting our obligations. We are highly leveraged. As of September 28, 2018, our outstanding indebtedness was $7,244.0 million. We had additional availability of $902.8 million under our revolving credit facilities as of that date. This degree of leverage could have important consequences, including: • exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and our receivables facility, are at variable rates of interest; • making it more difficult for us to make payments on our indebtedness; • • • • • • increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities; restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged; and limiting our ability to benefit from tax deductions for such payments under certain interest expense limitation rules included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could increase. If our financial performance were to deteriorate, we may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful. Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. While we believe that we currently have adequate cash flows to service our indebtedness, if our financial performance were to deteriorate significantly, we might be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If, due to such a deterioration in our financial performance, our cash flows and capital resources were to be insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In addition, if we were required to raise additional capital in the current financial markets, the terms of such financing, if available, could result in higher costs and greater restrictions on our business. In addition, although none of our long-term borrowings mature prior to 2021, if we were to need to refinance our existing indebtedness, the conditions in the financial markets at that time could make it difficult to refinance our existing indebtedness on acceptable terms or at all. If such alternative measures proved unsuccessful, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. Our senior secured credit agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from any disposition of assets and to refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business. Our senior secured credit agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit our and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to, among other things: • • incur additional indebtedness, refinance or restructure indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of our capital stock, make unscheduled payments on our notes, repurchase or redeem our senior notes or make other restricted payments; • make certain investments; • • sell certain assets; create liens; 16 17 17 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K• • consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock, and our indebtedness could limit enter into certain transactions with our affiliates. In addition, our senior secured revolving credit facility requires us to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and in the event of a significant deterioration of our financial performance, there can be no assurance that we will satisfy those ratios and tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the senior secured credit agreement. Upon our failure to maintain compliance with these covenants that is not waived by the lenders under the revolving credit facility, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit facilities to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit under such facilities. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. We have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under the senior secured credit agreement. If the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities accelerate the repayment of borrowings, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient assets to repay those borrowings, as well as our unsecured indebtedness. If our senior secured indebtedness was accelerated by the lenders as a result of a default, our senior notes may become due and payable as well. Any such acceleration may also constitute an amortization event under our receivables facility, which could result in the amount outstanding under that facility becoming due and payable. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Our share price may change significantly, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid or at all, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result. The trading price of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, could fluctuate due to a number of factors such as those listed in “—Risks Related to Our Business” and include, but are not limited to, the following, some of which are beyond our control: • • • • • • • • • quarterly variations in our results of operations; results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors; results of operations that vary from those of our competitors; changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors; announcements by us, our competitors or our vendors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments; announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us; future sales of our common stock; general domestic and international economic conditions; and unexpected and sudden changes in senior management. Furthermore, the stock market has experienced extreme volatility that, in some cases, has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation. our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Payment of cash dividends on our common stock is subject to our compliance with applicable law and depends on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes contain, and the terms of any future indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur may contain, limitations on our ability to pay dividends. For more information, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Although we have paid cash dividends in the past, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay any dividend in the future. Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control. Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an anti- takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. These provisions provide for, among other things: • • • • • the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock; advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings; certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings; the removal of directors only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% in voting power of all the then-outstanding common stock of the company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class; and that certain provisions may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% in voting power of all the then-outstanding common stock of the company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. premium for their shares. employees. These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us, even if the third-party's offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, with certain limited exceptions, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including any beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of the Company owed to us or our stockholders, creditors or other constituents, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have received notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find this choice of forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Not Applicable. 18 19 18 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K• • • • • • • • • • • consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and enter into certain transactions with our affiliates. In addition, our senior secured revolving credit facility requires us to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and in the event of a significant deterioration of our financial performance, there can be no assurance that we will satisfy those ratios and tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the senior secured credit agreement. Upon our failure to maintain compliance with these covenants that is not waived by the lenders under the revolving credit facility, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit facilities to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit under such facilities. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. We have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under the senior secured credit agreement. If the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities accelerate the repayment of borrowings, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient assets to repay those borrowings, as well as our unsecured indebtedness. If our senior secured indebtedness was accelerated by the lenders as a result of a default, our senior notes may become due and payable as well. Any such acceleration may also constitute an amortization event under our receivables facility, which could result in the amount outstanding under that facility becoming due and payable. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Our share price may change significantly, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid or at all, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result. The trading price of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, could fluctuate due to a number of factors such as those listed in “—Risks Related to Our Business” and include, but are not limited to, the following, some of which are beyond our control: quarterly variations in our results of operations; results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors; results of operations that vary from those of our competitors; changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors; announcements by us, our competitors or our vendors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments; announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us; future sales of our common stock; general domestic and international economic conditions; and unexpected and sudden changes in senior management. Furthermore, the stock market has experienced extreme volatility that, in some cases, has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock, and our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Payment of cash dividends on our common stock is subject to our compliance with applicable law and depends on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes contain, and the terms of any future indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur may contain, limitations on our ability to pay dividends. For more information, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Although we have paid cash dividends in the past, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay any dividend in the future. Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control. Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an anti- takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. These provisions provide for, among other things: • • • • • the ability of our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock; advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings; certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings; the removal of directors only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% in voting power of all the then-outstanding common stock of the company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class; and that certain provisions may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% in voting power of all the then-outstanding common stock of the company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us, even if the third-party's offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, with certain limited exceptions, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including any beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of the Company owed to us or our stockholders, creditors or other constituents, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have received notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find this choice of forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Not Applicable. 18 19 19 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Our principal executive offices are currently leased at Aramark Tower, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107. We expect to move our principal executive offices to 2400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 during fiscal 2019 and have entered into a lease agreement for this new location. Our principal real estate is primarily comprised of Uniform facilities. As of September 28, 2018, we operated 389 service facilities in our Uniform segment, consisting of industrial laundries, cleanroom laundries, warehouses, distribution centers, satellites, depots, stand alone garages, shared service centers and administrative offices that are located in 43 states, Mexico, Canada and Puerto Rico. Of these, approximately 54% are leased and approximately 46% are owned. We own six buildings that we use in our FSS United States segment, including several office/ warehouse spaces, and we lease 115 premises, consisting of offices, office/warehouses and distribution centers. In addition, we own a distribution center, one office and seven other properties and lease 140 facilities throughout the world that we use in our FSS International segment. We also maintain other real estate and leasehold improvements, which we use in the Uniform and FSS segments. No individual parcel of real estate owned or leased is of material significance to our total assets. Our business is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of water wastes and other substances. We engage in informal settlement discussions with federal, state, local and foreign authorities regarding allegations of violations of environmental laws in connection with our operations or businesses conducted by our predecessors or companies that we have acquired, the aggregate amount of which and related remediation costs we do not believe should have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations as of September 28, 2018. From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business, including those brought by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties under, among others, federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, the Company does not believe that any such actions, proceedings or investigations are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not Applicable. ______________________________________ 20 21 20 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Our principal executive offices are currently leased at Aramark Tower, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107. We expect to move our principal executive offices to 2400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 during fiscal 2019 and have entered into a lease agreement for this new location. Our principal real estate is primarily comprised of Uniform facilities. As of September 28, 2018, we operated 389 service facilities in our Uniform segment, consisting of industrial laundries, cleanroom laundries, warehouses, distribution centers, satellites, depots, stand alone garages, shared service centers and administrative offices that are located in 43 states, Mexico, Canada and Puerto Rico. Of these, approximately 54% are leased and approximately 46% are owned. We own six buildings that we use in our FSS United States segment, including several office/ warehouse spaces, and we lease 115 premises, consisting of offices, office/warehouses and distribution centers. In addition, we own a distribution center, one office and seven other properties and lease 140 facilities throughout the world that we use in our FSS International segment. We also maintain other real estate and leasehold improvements, which we use in the Uniform and FSS segments. No individual parcel of real estate owned or leased is of material significance to our total assets. Our business is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of water wastes and other substances. We engage in informal settlement discussions with federal, state, local and foreign authorities regarding allegations of violations of environmental laws in connection with our operations or businesses conducted by our predecessors or companies that we have acquired, the aggregate amount of which and related remediation costs we do not believe should have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations as of September 28, 2018. From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business, including those brought by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties under, among others, federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, the Company does not believe that any such actions, proceedings or investigations are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not Applicable. ______________________________________ 20 21 21 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KExecutive Officers of the Registrant Our executive officers as of November 21, 2018 are as follows: Name Eric J. Foss Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Harrald F. Kroeker Lynn B. McKee Brian P. Pressler Stephen R. Reynolds Age Position 60 48 61 63 43 60 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Senior Vice President, Integration Executive Vice President, Human Resources Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary With Aramark Since 2012 2015 2013 1980 2002 2012 Eric J. Foss has been our Chairman of the Board since February 2015 and our President and Chief Executive Officer since May 2012. Before joining us, Mr. Foss served as Chief Executive Officer of Pepsi Beverages Company from 2010 until 2011. Prior to that Mr. Foss served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Pepsi Bottling Group from 2008 until 2010; President and Chief Executive Officer from 2006 until 2007; and Chief Operating Officer from 2005 until 2006. Mr. Foss serves on the board of CIGNA Corporation and previously served on the board of UDR, Inc. Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in April 2015. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bramlage served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2012 to March 2015. Prior to that, he served as President of Owens-Illinois Asia Pacific from 2011 to 2012; General Manager of Owens-Illinois New Zealand from 2010 to 2011; Vice President of Finance of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2008 to 2010; Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Owens-Illinois Europe in 2008; and Vice President and Treasurer of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2006 to 2008. Harrald F. Kroeker has been the Senior Vice President, Integration since October 2017. Prior to that he was our Senior Vice President, Transformation from 2014 to October 2017 and our Chief Operating Officer - Europe from 2013 to 2014. Before joining us, Mr. Kroeker was an executive with Dean Foods Company serving as its Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Dairy Group from 2006 to 2007 and as President, Fresh Daily Direct, from 2007 to 2011. Mr. Kroeker has given the Company notice that he will be retire from the Company effective December 31, 2018. Lynn B. McKee was appointed Executive Vice President, Human Resources in May 2004. From August 2012 to August 2013, Ms. McKee served as Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Communications. From January 2004 to May 2004, Ms. McKee served as our Senior Vice President of Human Resources and from 2001 to 2003, she served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources for our Food and Support Services Group. From 1998 to 2001, she served as our Staff Vice President, Executive Development and Compensation. Ms. McKee serves on the board of directors of Bryn Mawr Bank Co. Brian P. Pressler was appointed Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in June 2016. From 2014 to May 2016, he served as our Vice President, Finance, Education and from 2013 to 2014 as our Vice President, Finance, International. Mr. Pressler served as our Vice President, Finance, Educational Services, K-12 from 2011 to 2013 and as Associate Vice President, Finance, Educational Services, K-12 from 2008 to 2011. Stephen R. Reynolds was appointed Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in September 2012. Before joining us, Mr. Reynolds was an executive with Alcatel-Lucent for seven years, having most recently served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel from 2006 to 2012. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Stock Price Performance Shares of our common stock began trading on December 12, 2013 and are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “ARMK.” Prior to that date, there was no public market for our common stock. As of October 26, 2018, there were approximately 1,104 holders of record of our outstanding common stock. This does not include persons who hold our common stock in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers or banks. This performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing of Aramark under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. The following graph shows a comparison from December 12, 2013 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange) through September 28, 2018 of the cumulative total return for our common stock, The Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Stock Index and The Dow Jones Consumer Non-Cyclical Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in the Company’s common stock and in each index at the market close on December 12, 2013 and assumes that all dividends were reinvested. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. Aramark S&P 500 Dow Jones Consumer Non-Cyclical Index Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities December 12, October 3, October 2, September 30, September 29, September 28, 2013 $100.0 $100.0 $100.0 2014 $133.3 $112.7 $107.8 2015 $152.2 $114.0 $122.9 2016 2017 2018 $194.9 $121.3 $125.8 $203.1 $141.9 $140.6 $215.1 $164.1 $181.2 There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 which have not been previously disclosed in a quarterly report on Form 10-Q or a current report on Form 8-K. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer There were no repurchases of equity securities by the Company in the fourth fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2018. 22 23 22 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KExecutive Officers of the Registrant Our executive officers as of November 21, 2018 are as follows: With Aramark Since 2012 2015 2013 1980 2002 2012 Age Position Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Name Eric J. Foss Harrald F. Kroeker Lynn B. McKee Brian P. Pressler 60 48 61 63 43 60 Senior Vice President, Integration Executive Vice President, Human Resources Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer Stephen R. Reynolds Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Eric J. Foss has been our Chairman of the Board since February 2015 and our President and Chief Executive Officer since May 2012. Before joining us, Mr. Foss served as Chief Executive Officer of Pepsi Beverages Company from 2010 until 2011. Prior to that Mr. Foss served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Pepsi Bottling Group from 2008 until 2010; President and Chief Executive Officer from 2006 until 2007; and Chief Operating Officer from 2005 until 2006. Mr. Foss serves on the board of CIGNA Corporation and previously served on the board of UDR, Inc. Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in April 2015. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bramlage served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2012 to March 2015. Prior to that, he served as President of Owens-Illinois Asia Pacific from 2011 to 2012; General Manager of Owens-Illinois New Zealand from 2010 to 2011; Vice President of Finance of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2008 to 2010; Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Owens-Illinois Europe in 2008; and Vice President and Treasurer of Owens-Illinois, Inc. from 2006 to 2008. Harrald F. Kroeker has been the Senior Vice President, Integration since October 2017. Prior to that he was our Senior Vice President, Transformation from 2014 to October 2017 and our Chief Operating Officer - Europe from 2013 to 2014. Before joining us, Mr. Kroeker was an executive with Dean Foods Company serving as its Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Dairy Group from 2006 to 2007 and as President, Fresh Daily Direct, from 2007 to 2011. Mr. Kroeker has given the Company notice that he will be retire from the Company effective December 31, 2018. Lynn B. McKee was appointed Executive Vice President, Human Resources in May 2004. From August 2012 to August 2013, Ms. McKee served as Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Communications. From January 2004 to May 2004, Ms. McKee served as our Senior Vice President of Human Resources and from 2001 to 2003, she served as Senior Vice President of Human Resources for our Food and Support Services Group. From 1998 to 2001, she served as our Staff Vice President, Executive Development and Compensation. Ms. McKee serves on the board of directors of Bryn Mawr Bank Co. Brian P. Pressler was appointed Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in June 2016. From 2014 to May 2016, he served as our Vice President, Finance, Education and from 2013 to 2014 as our Vice President, Finance, International. Mr. Pressler served as our Vice President, Finance, Educational Services, K-12 from 2011 to 2013 and as Associate Vice President, Finance, Educational Services, K-12 from 2008 to 2011. Stephen R. Reynolds was appointed Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in September 2012. Before joining us, Mr. Reynolds was an executive with Alcatel-Lucent for seven years, having most recently served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel from 2006 to 2012. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Shares of our common stock began trading on December 12, 2013 and are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “ARMK.” Prior to that date, there was no public market for our common stock. As of October 26, 2018, there were approximately 1,104 holders of record of our outstanding common stock. This does not include persons who hold our common stock in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers or banks. Stock Price Performance This performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing of Aramark under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. The following graph shows a comparison from December 12, 2013 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange) through September 28, 2018 of the cumulative total return for our common stock, The Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Stock Index and The Dow Jones Consumer Non-Cyclical Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in the Company’s common stock and in each index at the market close on December 12, 2013 and assumes that all dividends were reinvested. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. Aramark S&P 500 Dow Jones Consumer Non-Cyclical Index Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities December 12, 2013 October 3, 2014 October 2, 2015 September 30, 2016 September 29, 2017 September 28, 2018 $100.0 $100.0 $100.0 $133.3 $112.7 $107.8 $152.2 $114.0 $122.9 $194.9 $121.3 $125.8 $203.1 $141.9 $140.6 $215.1 $164.1 $181.2 There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 which have not been previously disclosed in a quarterly report on Form 10-Q or a current report on Form 8-K. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer There were no repurchases of equity securities by the Company in the fourth fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2018. 22 23 23 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data Item 7. The following table presents selected consolidated financial data. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Risk Factors sections, each included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Income Statement Data: Sales Depreciation and amortization Operating income Interest and other financing costs, net Net income(3) Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders(3) Basic earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders(3) Diluted earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders(3) Cash dividends declared per common share Balance Sheet Data (at period end): Total assets Long-term borrowings Stockholders' Equity 2018(2) Fiscal Year Ended on or near September 30(1) 2016 2017 2015 2014 those statements. $ 15,789.6 596.2 826.1 354.3 568.4 567.9 $ 14,604.4 508.2 808.1 287.4 374.2 373.9 $ 14,415.8 495.8 746.3 315.4 288.2 287.8 $ 14,329.1 504.0 627.9 285.9 237.0 235.9 $ 14,832.9 521.6 564.6 334.9 149.5 149.0 $2.31 $2.24 $0.43 $1.53 $1.49 $0.41 $1.19 $1.16 $0.39 $0.99 $0.96 $0.35 $0.66 $0.63 $0.23 $ 13,720.1 7,213.1 3,029.6 $ 11,006.2 5,190.3 2,459.1 $ 10,582.1 5,223.5 2,161.0 $ 10,196.4 5,184.6 1,883.4 $ 10,455.7 5,355.8 1,718.0 (1) (2) (3) Our fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest to September 30th. Fiscal years 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016, October 2, 2015 and October 3, 2014, respectively. Fiscal 2014 was a fifty-three week year. All other periods presented were fifty-two week years. Includes impact of the acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride. To finance these acquisitions, we entered into a U.S. dollar denominated term loan due 2025 and 5.000% Senior Notes due 2028. In fiscal 2018, the federal statutory income tax rate decreased from 35.0% to 21.0% through the passage of the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." This resulted in a tax benefit of approximately $237.8 million recorded to the provision (benefit) for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of Aramark's (the "Company, "we," "our" and "us") financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 should be read in conjunction with Selected Consolidated Financial Data and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to Our discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, opinions, expectations, anticipations, intentions and beliefs. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors," "Special Note About Forward-looking Statements" and "Business" sections and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report"). In the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, certain financial measures may be considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. These rules require supplemental explanation and reconciliation, which is provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview We are a leading global provider of food, facilities and uniform services to education, healthcare, business & industry and sports, leisure & corrections clients. Our core market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 18-country footprint. Through our established brand, broad geographic presence and employees, we anchor our business in our partnerships with thousands of education, healthcare, business, sports, leisure and corrections clients. Through these partnerships we serve millions of consumers including students, patients, employees, sports fans and guests worldwide. Prior to fiscal 2018, we reported our operating results in three reportable segments: FSS North America, FSS International and Uniform. Beginning in fiscal 2018, the segment reporting structure was modified to align more closely with our management and internal reporting structure, which was changed on September 30, 2017. Specifically, a majority of the Canadian operations, previously in the FSS North America segment, were combined with the FSS International reportable segment. The FSS North America reportable segment was then renamed the FSS United States reportable segment. All prior period segment information has been restated to reflect the new reportable segment structure. We believe this new presentation enhances the utility of the segment information, as it reflects our current management structure and operating organization. The financial statement effect of this segment realignment was not material.We currently operate our business in three reportable segments: • • Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities serving the general public in the United States. Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities serving the general public. We have operations in 18 countries outside the United States. Our largest international operations are in Canada, Chile, China, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and in each of these countries we are one of the leading food and/or facility services providers. We also have operations in Japan through our 50% ownership of AIM Services Co., Ltd., which is a leader in providing outsourced food services in Japan. • Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform") - Provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. We directly market personalized uniforms and accessories, provide managed restroom services and rent uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Our Food and Support Services operations focus on serving clients in five principal sectors: Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Our FSS International reportable segment provides a similar range of services as those provided to our FSS United States clients and operates in the same sectors. Administrative expenses not allocated to our three reportable segments are presented separately as corporate expenses. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we acquired Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") and during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we acquired AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") in separate transactions (see Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial 24 25 24 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data Item 7. The following table presents selected consolidated financial data. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Risk Factors sections, each included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Income Statement Data: Sales Depreciation and amortization Operating income Interest and other financing costs, net Net income(3) Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders(3) Basic earnings per share attributable to Aramark Diluted earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders(3) stockholders(3) Cash dividends declared per common share Balance Sheet Data (at period end): Fiscal Year Ended on or near September 30(1) 2018(2) 2017 2016 2015 2014 $ 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 14,415.8 $ 14,329.1 $ 14,832.9 596.2 826.1 354.3 568.4 567.9 $2.31 $2.24 $0.43 508.2 808.1 287.4 374.2 373.9 $1.53 $1.49 $0.41 495.8 746.3 315.4 288.2 287.8 $1.19 $1.16 $0.39 504.0 627.9 285.9 237.0 235.9 $0.99 $0.96 $0.35 521.6 564.6 334.9 149.5 149.0 $0.66 $0.63 $0.23 Total assets Long-term borrowings Stockholders' Equity $ 13,720.1 $ 11,006.2 $ 10,582.1 $ 10,196.4 $ 10,455.7 7,213.1 3,029.6 5,190.3 2,459.1 5,223.5 2,161.0 5,184.6 1,883.4 5,355.8 1,718.0 (1) Our fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest to September 30th. Fiscal years 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 refer to the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016, October 2, 2015 and October 3, 2014, respectively. Fiscal 2014 was a fifty-three week year. All other periods presented were fifty-two week years. (2) Includes impact of the acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride. To finance these acquisitions, we entered into a U.S. dollar denominated term loan due 2025 and 5.000% Senior Notes due 2028. (3) In fiscal 2018, the federal statutory income tax rate decreased from 35.0% to 21.0% through the passage of the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." This resulted in a tax benefit of approximately $237.8 million recorded to the provision (benefit) for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of Aramark's (the "Company, "we," "our" and "us") financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 should be read in conjunction with Selected Consolidated Financial Data and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements. Our discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, opinions, expectations, anticipations, intentions and beliefs. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors," "Special Note About Forward-looking Statements" and "Business" sections and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report"). In the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, certain financial measures may be considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules. These rules require supplemental explanation and reconciliation, which is provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview We are a leading global provider of food, facilities and uniform services to education, healthcare, business & industry and sports, leisure & corrections clients. Our core market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 18-country footprint. Through our established brand, broad geographic presence and employees, we anchor our business in our partnerships with thousands of education, healthcare, business, sports, leisure and corrections clients. Through these partnerships we serve millions of consumers including students, patients, employees, sports fans and guests worldwide. Prior to fiscal 2018, we reported our operating results in three reportable segments: FSS North America, FSS International and Uniform. Beginning in fiscal 2018, the segment reporting structure was modified to align more closely with our management and internal reporting structure, which was changed on September 30, 2017. Specifically, a majority of the Canadian operations, previously in the FSS North America segment, were combined with the FSS International reportable segment. The FSS North America reportable segment was then renamed the FSS United States reportable segment. All prior period segment information has been restated to reflect the new reportable segment structure. We believe this new presentation enhances the utility of the segment information, as it reflects our current management structure and operating organization. The financial statement effect of this segment realignment was not material.We currently operate our business in three reportable segments: • • • Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities serving the general public in the United States. Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities serving the general public. We have operations in 18 countries outside the United States. Our largest international operations are in Canada, Chile, China, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and in each of these countries we are one of the leading food and/or facility services providers. We also have operations in Japan through our 50% ownership of AIM Services Co., Ltd., which is a leader in providing outsourced food services in Japan. Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform") - Provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. We directly market personalized uniforms and accessories, provide managed restroom services and rent uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Our Food and Support Services operations focus on serving clients in five principal sectors: Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Our FSS International reportable segment provides a similar range of services as those provided to our FSS United States clients and operates in the same sectors. Administrative expenses not allocated to our three reportable segments are presented separately as corporate expenses. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we acquired Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") and during the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we acquired AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") in separate transactions (see Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial 24 25 25 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KInterest and other financing costs, net, relates primarily to interest expense on long-term borrowings. Interest and other financing costs, net also includes third-party costs associated with long-term borrowings that were capitalized and are being Interest and Other Financing Costs, net amortized over the term of the borrowing. Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes represents federal, foreign, state and local income taxes. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. income tax rate due to the effect of state and local income taxes, tax rates in foreign jurisdictions, tax credits and certain nondeductible expenses. Our effective tax rate will change from quarter to quarter based on recurring and nonrecurring factors including, but not limited to, the geographical mix of earnings, state and local income taxes, tax audit settlements, share- based award exercise activity and enacted tax legislation, including certain business tax credits. The fiscal 2018 income tax provision was impacted by U.S. tax reform enacted in the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Changes in judgment due to the evaluation of new information resulting in the recognition, derecognition or remeasurement of a tax position taken in a prior annual period are recognized separately in the quarter of the change. The impact from foreign currency translation assumes constant foreign currency exchange rates based on the rates in effect for the current year period being used in translation for the comparable prior year period. We believe that providing the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates on certain financial results can facilitate analysis of period-to-period comparisons of Foreign Currency Fluctuations business performance. Fiscal Year Our fiscal year is the fifty-two or fifty-three week period which ends on the Friday nearest to September 30th. The fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 were each fifty-two week periods. statements). The Avendra acquisition consideration was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. The AmeriPride acquisition consideration was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. We incurred new debt to finance both the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We expect our earnings for some period following the closings to be impacted as a result of these acquisitions, due to, among other factors, merger and integration costs as well as depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting and higher interest expense as a result of the new debt to finance the transactions. As a part of the integration of Avendra and AmeriPride, we expect to incur an approximate $50 million of additional charges over the next two years, subject to additional accounting appraisals. In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company launched the next phase of its program related to food, labor and selling and general administrative initiatives to generate additional cost savings. These initiatives include a reduction in headcount through reorganization and integration, the relocation of our headquarter facility and certain other costs. Efforts related to this next phase of streamlining are already underway, and have resulted in fiscal 2018 charges of approximately $63 million. The Company currently expects to incur additional charges of approximately $40 million related to this phase within fiscal 2019. Divestiture During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we announced that we signed an agreement to sell our Healthcare Technologies ("HCT") business for $300.0 million. The sale closed during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We intend to use the majority of the proceeds to repay debt. We also plan to repurchase $50 million of our common stock. Seasonality Our sales and operating results have varied from quarter to quarter as a result of different factors. Historically, within our FSS United States segment, there has been a lower level of activity during our first and second fiscal quarters in operations that provide services to sports and leisure clients. This lower level of activity, historically, has been partially offset during our first and second fiscal quarters by the increased activity levels in our educational operations. Conversely, historically, there has been a significant increase in the provision of services to sports and leisure clients during our third and fourth fiscal quarters, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess at colleges, universities and schools in our educational operations. Sources of Sales Our clients engage us, generally through written contracts, to provide our services at their locations. Depending on the type of client and service, we are paid either by our client or directly by the consumer to whom we have been provided access by our client. We typically use either profit and loss contracts or client interest contracts in our FSS United States and FSS International segments. These contracts differ in their provision for the amount of financial risk we bear and, accordingly, the potential compensation, profits or fees we may receive. Under profit and loss contracts, we receive all of the revenue from, and bear all of the expenses of, the provision of our services at a client location. For fiscal 2018, approximately two-thirds of our FSS United States and FSS International sales were derived from profit and loss contracts. Client interest contracts include management fee contracts, under which our clients reimburse our operating costs and pay us a management fee, which may be calculated as a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of sales or operating costs. Some management fee contracts entitle us to receive incentive fees based upon our performance under the contract, as measured by factors such as sales, operating costs and customer satisfaction surveys. For fiscal 2018, approximately one-third of our FSS United States and FSS International sales were derived from client interest contracts. For our Uniform segment, we typically serve our rental clients under written service contracts for an initial term of three to five years. As the majority of our clients purchase on a recurring basis, our backlog of orders at any given time consists principally of orders in the process of being filled. With the exception of certain governmental bid business, most of our direct marketing business is conducted under invoice arrangement with repeat clients. To a large degree, our direct marketing business is relationship-driven. While we have long-term relationships with our larger clients, we generally do not have contracts with these clients. Costs and Expenses Our costs and expenses are comprised of cost of services provided, depreciation and amortization and selling and general corporate expenses. Cost of services provided consists of direct expenses associated with our operations, which includes food costs, wages, other labor-related expenses (including workers' compensation, state unemployment insurance and federal or state mandated health benefits and other healthcare costs), insurance, fuel, utilities, piece goods and clothing and equipment. Depreciation and amortization expenses mainly relate to assets used in generating sales. Selling and general corporate expenses include sales commissions, marketing, share-based compensation and other unallocated costs related to administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources and information technology. 26 27 26 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KInterest and Other Financing Costs, net Interest and other financing costs, net, relates primarily to interest expense on long-term borrowings. Interest and other financing costs, net also includes third-party costs associated with long-term borrowings that were capitalized and are being amortized over the term of the borrowing. Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes represents federal, foreign, state and local income taxes. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. income tax rate due to the effect of state and local income taxes, tax rates in foreign jurisdictions, tax credits and certain nondeductible expenses. Our effective tax rate will change from quarter to quarter based on recurring and nonrecurring factors including, but not limited to, the geographical mix of earnings, state and local income taxes, tax audit settlements, share- based award exercise activity and enacted tax legislation, including certain business tax credits. The fiscal 2018 income tax provision was impacted by U.S. tax reform enacted in the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Changes in judgment due to the evaluation of new information resulting in the recognition, derecognition or remeasurement of a tax position taken in a prior annual period are recognized separately in the quarter of the change. Foreign Currency Fluctuations The impact from foreign currency translation assumes constant foreign currency exchange rates based on the rates in effect for the current year period being used in translation for the comparable prior year period. We believe that providing the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates on certain financial results can facilitate analysis of period-to-period comparisons of business performance. Fiscal Year Our fiscal year is the fifty-two or fifty-three week period which ends on the Friday nearest to September 30th. The fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 were each fifty-two week periods. Divestiture Seasonality Sources of Sales statements). The Avendra acquisition consideration was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. The AmeriPride acquisition consideration was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. We incurred new debt to finance both the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We expect our earnings for some period following the closings to be impacted as a result of these acquisitions, due to, among other factors, merger and integration costs as well as depreciation and amortization resulting from purchase accounting and higher interest expense as a result of the new debt to finance the transactions. As a part of the integration of Avendra and AmeriPride, we expect to incur an approximate $50 million of additional charges over the next two years, subject to additional accounting appraisals. In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company launched the next phase of its program related to food, labor and selling and general administrative initiatives to generate additional cost savings. These initiatives include a reduction in headcount through reorganization and integration, the relocation of our headquarter facility and certain other costs. Efforts related to this next phase of streamlining are already underway, and have resulted in fiscal 2018 charges of approximately $63 million. The Company currently expects to incur additional charges of approximately $40 million related to this phase within fiscal 2019. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we announced that we signed an agreement to sell our Healthcare Technologies ("HCT") business for $300.0 million. The sale closed during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We intend to use the majority of the proceeds to repay debt. We also plan to repurchase $50 million of our common stock. Our sales and operating results have varied from quarter to quarter as a result of different factors. Historically, within our FSS United States segment, there has been a lower level of activity during our first and second fiscal quarters in operations that provide services to sports and leisure clients. This lower level of activity, historically, has been partially offset during our first and second fiscal quarters by the increased activity levels in our educational operations. Conversely, historically, there has been a significant increase in the provision of services to sports and leisure clients during our third and fourth fiscal quarters, which is partially offset by the effect of summer recess at colleges, universities and schools in our educational operations. Our clients engage us, generally through written contracts, to provide our services at their locations. Depending on the type of client and service, we are paid either by our client or directly by the consumer to whom we have been provided access by our client. We typically use either profit and loss contracts or client interest contracts in our FSS United States and FSS International segments. These contracts differ in their provision for the amount of financial risk we bear and, accordingly, the potential compensation, profits or fees we may receive. Under profit and loss contracts, we receive all of the revenue from, and bear all of the expenses of, the provision of our services at a client location. For fiscal 2018, approximately two-thirds of our FSS United States and FSS International sales were derived from profit and loss contracts. Client interest contracts include management fee contracts, under which our clients reimburse our operating costs and pay us a management fee, which may be calculated as a fixed dollar amount or a percentage of sales or operating costs. Some management fee contracts entitle us to receive incentive fees based upon our performance under the contract, as measured by factors such as sales, operating costs and customer satisfaction surveys. For fiscal 2018, approximately one-third of our FSS United States and FSS International sales were derived from client interest contracts. For our Uniform segment, we typically serve our rental clients under written service contracts for an initial term of three to five years. As the majority of our clients purchase on a recurring basis, our backlog of orders at any given time consists principally of orders in the process of being filled. With the exception of certain governmental bid business, most of our direct marketing business is conducted under invoice arrangement with repeat clients. To a large degree, our direct marketing business is relationship-driven. While we have long-term relationships with our larger clients, we generally do not have contracts with these clients. Costs and Expenses Our costs and expenses are comprised of cost of services provided, depreciation and amortization and selling and general corporate expenses. Cost of services provided consists of direct expenses associated with our operations, which includes food costs, wages, other labor-related expenses (including workers' compensation, state unemployment insurance and federal or state mandated health benefits and other healthcare costs), insurance, fuel, utilities, piece goods and clothing and equipment. Depreciation and amortization expenses mainly relate to assets used in generating sales. Selling and general corporate expenses include sales commissions, marketing, share-based compensation and other unallocated costs related to administrative functions including finance, legal, human resources and information technology. 26 27 27 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K$ 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 1,185.2 8 % 8 % 21 % 8 % 2 % 23 % (9)% (166)% 52 % Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Other operating expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes Net income $ 13,990.2 973.3 14,963.5 826.1 354.3 471.8 (96.6) 568.4 12,989.0 807.3 13,796.3 808.1 287.4 520.7 146.5 $ 374.2 $ 1,001.2 166.0 1,167.2 18.0 66.9 (48.9) (243.1) 194.2 Results of Operations Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017 The following tables present an overview of our results on a consolidated and segment basis with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the fiscal years 2018 and 2017 (dollars in millions). A majority of our Canadian operations were reclassified into the FSS International reportable segment beginning in fiscal 2018. Fiscal 2017 was restated to conform to the current period presentation. The effect was not material. Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % The following table presents the cost of services provided by segment and as a percent of sales for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017. Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Cost of services provided $ % of Sales $ % of Sales FSS United States $ FSS International Uniform 8,959.4 3,420.1 1,611.0 88% $ 94% 81% 8,692.5 3,053.7 1,242.8 $ 13,990.5 89% $ 12,989.0 89% 93% 79% 89% The following table presents the percentages attributable to the components in cost of services provided for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017. Cost of services provided components September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Food and support service costs Personnel costs Other direct costs Fiscal Year Ended 26% 47% 27% 100% 26% 47% 27% 100% • $75.8 million increase primarily driven by our FSS United States business segment, which was primarily from a reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses, and profit from the Avendra acquisition; offset by a decline in operating income in our FSS International business segment, the results of the AmeriPride acquisition (mainly due to the impact of merger and integration costs) and increased corporate expenses; ($22.4) million increase in share-based compensation expense primarily related to the increase in the performance stock unit ("PSU") attainment percentage and a reduction in the forfeiture rate; and ($35.4) million increase in severance and consulting costs related to streamlining initiatives. • • Interest and Other Financing Costs, net, increased 23% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase for fiscal 2018 was primarily due to new borrowings in the current year to finance the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in charges related to refinancing activities for which $31.5 million was incurred during fiscal 2017 for the write-off of deferred financing costs, original issue discount and call premium compared to $17.7 million incurred during fiscal 2018 for the write-off of debt issuance costs and financing commitment fees related to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2018 was (20.5)% compared to 28.1% in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate during fiscal 2018 is driven by a reduction in the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21% and the re-measurement of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." A benefit of approximately $237.8 million was recorded to the (benefit) provision for income taxes for fiscal 2018 in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a result of U.S. tax reform. The effective income tax rate was also impacted by a $13.1 million valuation allowance recorded against the Company's foreign tax credit carryforward during fiscal 2018 (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Segment Results FSS United States Segment The FSS United States reportable segment consists of five operating sectors which have similar economic characteristics and are aggregated into a single operating segment. The five operating sectors of the FSS United States reportable segment are Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Fiscal Year Ended in operating income was attributable to: Operating income increased by approximately $18.0 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase Sales by Segment(1) FSS United States FSS International Uniform September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % $ $ 10,137.8 $ 9,748.0 $ 3,655.8 1,996.0 3,291.7 1,564.7 389.8 364.1 431.3 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 1,185.2 Fiscal Year Ended Operating Income by Segment September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate $ $ 680.5 $ 596.8 $ 150.9 182.6 (187.9) 826.1 $ 162.1 182.3 (133.1) 808.1 $ 83.7 (11.2) 0.3 (54.8) 18.0 4% 11% 28% 8% 14% (7%) —% 41% 2% (1) As a percentage of total sales, FSS United States represented 64% and 67%, FSS International represented 23% and 22% and Uniform represented 13% and 11% for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. Consolidated Overview Sales increased by approximately 8% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: • • • growth in all of our segments, excluding acquisitions; growth due to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions (approximately 4%); and the positive impact of foreign currency translation (approximately 1%). 28 29 28 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KResults of Operations Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017 The following tables present an overview of our results on a consolidated and segment basis with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the fiscal years 2018 and 2017 (dollars in millions). A majority of our Canadian operations were reclassified into the FSS International reportable segment beginning in fiscal 2018. Fiscal 2017 was restated to conform to the current period presentation. The effect was not material. Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Other operating expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes Net income Sales by Segment(1) FSS United States FSS International Uniform FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % $ 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 1,185.2 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % 13,990.2 973.3 14,963.5 826.1 354.3 471.8 (96.6) 12,989.0 807.3 13,796.3 808.1 287.4 520.7 146.5 568.4 $ 374.2 $ Fiscal Year Ended 1,001.2 166.0 1,167.2 18.0 66.9 (48.9) (243.1) 194.2 10,137.8 $ 9,748.0 $ 3,655.8 1,996.0 3,291.7 1,564.7 389.8 364.1 431.3 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 1,185.2 Fiscal Year Ended 680.5 $ 596.8 $ 150.9 182.6 (187.9) 162.1 182.3 (133.1) 826.1 $ 808.1 $ 83.7 (11.2) 0.3 (54.8) 18.0 $ $ $ $ $ 8 % 8 % 21 % 8 % 2 % 23 % (9)% (166)% 52 % 4% 11% 28% 8% 14% (7%) —% 41% 2% Operating Income by Segment September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ % (1) As a percentage of total sales, FSS United States represented 64% and 67%, FSS International represented 23% and 22% and Uniform represented 13% and 11% for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. Consolidated Overview Sales increased by approximately 8% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: • • • growth in all of our segments, excluding acquisitions; growth due to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions (approximately 4%); and the positive impact of foreign currency translation (approximately 1%). The following table presents the cost of services provided by segment and as a percent of sales for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017. Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Cost of services provided $ % of Sales $ % of Sales FSS United States $ FSS International Uniform 8,959.4 3,420.1 1,611.0 88% $ 94% 81% 8,692.5 3,053.7 1,242.8 $ 13,990.5 89% $ 12,989.0 89% 93% 79% 89% The following table presents the percentages attributable to the components in cost of services provided for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017. Cost of services provided components September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Fiscal Year Ended Food and support service costs Personnel costs Other direct costs 26% 47% 27% 100% 26% 47% 27% 100% Operating income increased by approximately $18.0 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase in operating income was attributable to: • • • $75.8 million increase primarily driven by our FSS United States business segment, which was primarily from a reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses, and profit from the Avendra acquisition; offset by a decline in operating income in our FSS International business segment, the results of the AmeriPride acquisition (mainly due to the impact of merger and integration costs) and increased corporate expenses; ($22.4) million increase in share-based compensation expense primarily related to the increase in the performance stock unit ("PSU") attainment percentage and a reduction in the forfeiture rate; and ($35.4) million increase in severance and consulting costs related to streamlining initiatives. Interest and Other Financing Costs, net, increased 23% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase for fiscal 2018 was primarily due to new borrowings in the current year to finance the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in charges related to refinancing activities for which $31.5 million was incurred during fiscal 2017 for the write-off of deferred financing costs, original issue discount and call premium compared to $17.7 million incurred during fiscal 2018 for the write-off of debt issuance costs and financing commitment fees related to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2018 was (20.5)% compared to 28.1% in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate during fiscal 2018 is driven by a reduction in the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21% and the re-measurement of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." A benefit of approximately $237.8 million was recorded to the (benefit) provision for income taxes for fiscal 2018 in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a result of U.S. tax reform. The effective income tax rate was also impacted by a $13.1 million valuation allowance recorded against the Company's foreign tax credit carryforward during fiscal 2018 (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Segment Results FSS United States Segment The FSS United States reportable segment consists of five operating sectors which have similar economic characteristics and are aggregated into a single operating segment. The five operating sectors of the FSS United States reportable segment are Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. 28 29 29 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kdecline in profit in Northern Europe. Uniform Segment primarily attributable to the acquisition of AmeriPride. in operating income was attributable to: operations in Puerto Rico; Operating income increased by approximately $0.3 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase $6.1 million related to a prior year asset write-down from the adverse impact of natural disasters, primarily on our ($0.8) million of profit decline from the AmeriPride acquisition, mainly due to the impact of merger and integration costs and depreciation and amortization expense on its results, offset by an increase in profit within our legacy uniform ($5.0) million of an increase to the environmental reserve related to a reassessment of the monitoring period of rental business; and respective sites. Corporate Corporate expenses, those administrative expenses not allocated to the business segments, increased by approximately $54.8 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: ($26.0) million of acquisition related costs, mainly banker fees, from the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions; ($22.7) million increase in share-based compensation expense, primarily related to the increase in the PSU attainment percentage; ($17.9) million increase in severance and consulting costs for streamlining initiatives; and $11.8 million reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses. • • • • • • • Sales for each of these sectors are summarized as follows (in millions): • $3.0 million of profit growth related to productivity initiatives and lower employee incentive expenses, offset by a Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Uniform segment sales increased by approximately 28% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was Business & Industry Education Healthcare Sports, Leisure & Corrections Facilities & Other $ $ 1,550.6 $ 3,239.6 1,292.1 2,445.1 1,610.4 10,137.8 $ 1,536.2 3,158.9 1,270.1 2,354.6 1,428.2 9,748.0 The Healthcare and Education sectors generally have high-single digit operating income margins and the Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other sectors generally have mid-single digit operating income margins. FSS United States segment sales increased by approximately 4% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: • • • • • an increase in Business & Industry sector sales resulting from base business growth (approximately 1%); an increase in Education sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 3%); an increase in Healthcare sector sales resulting from base business growth (approximately 2%); an increase in Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 4%); and an increase in Facilities & Other sector sales resulting from net new business, an acquisition and base business growth (approximately 13%). Operating income increased by approximately $83.7 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase in operating income was attributable to: • • • • $92.1 million of profit growth within our businesses, due primarily from a reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses, and profit from the Avendra acquisition; $7.5 million increase from proceeds received related to our casualty insurance program from prior years' loss experience that were favorable; ($7.7) million of duplicate rent charges to build out and ready our new headquarters while occupying our existing headquarters; and ($8.3) million increase in severance charges related to streamlining initiatives. Sales and operating income were both negatively impacted during fiscal 2018 by natural disasters, specifically the wildfires at Yosemite National Park. The impact to the FSS United States segment was an approximate $28 million decline in revenue and an approximate $9 million decline in operating income, which includes $5 million of recoveries under our insurance program. FSS International Segment FSS International segment sales increased by approximately 11% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: • • sales growth across all regions, including growth due to the consolidation of a joint venture (approximately 2%); and the positive impact of foreign currency translation (approximately 5%). Operating income decreased by approximately $11.2 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The decrease in operating income was attributable to: • • • ($8.7) million increase in severance costs related to streamlining initiatives; ($7.5) million of charges related to a joint venture partner liquidation and related acquisition; $2.0 million from the positive impact of foreign currency translation ($5.8 million), net of a $3.8 million charge as a result of hyperinflation in Argentina; and 30 31 30 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K• $3.0 million of profit growth related to productivity initiatives and lower employee incentive expenses, offset by a decline in profit in Northern Europe. Uniform Segment Uniform segment sales increased by approximately 28% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to the acquisition of AmeriPride. Operating income increased by approximately $0.3 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase in operating income was attributable to: • • • $6.1 million related to a prior year asset write-down from the adverse impact of natural disasters, primarily on our operations in Puerto Rico; ($0.8) million of profit decline from the AmeriPride acquisition, mainly due to the impact of merger and integration costs and depreciation and amortization expense on its results, offset by an increase in profit within our legacy uniform rental business; and ($5.0) million of an increase to the environmental reserve related to a reassessment of the monitoring period of respective sites. Corporate Corporate expenses, those administrative expenses not allocated to the business segments, increased by approximately $54.8 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: • • • • ($26.0) million of acquisition related costs, mainly banker fees, from the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions; ($22.7) million increase in share-based compensation expense, primarily related to the increase in the PSU attainment percentage; ($17.9) million increase in severance and consulting costs for streamlining initiatives; and $11.8 million reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses. Sales for each of these sectors are summarized as follows (in millions): Business & Industry Education Healthcare Sports, Leisure & Corrections Facilities & Other Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 1,550.6 $ 3,239.6 1,292.1 2,445.1 1,610.4 10,137.8 $ 1,536.2 3,158.9 1,270.1 2,354.6 1,428.2 9,748.0 The Healthcare and Education sectors generally have high-single digit operating income margins and the Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other sectors generally have mid-single digit operating income margins. FSS United States segment sales increased by approximately 4% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase was attributable to: an increase in Business & Industry sector sales resulting from base business growth (approximately 1%); an increase in Education sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 3%); an increase in Healthcare sector sales resulting from base business growth (approximately 2%); an increase in Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 4%); and (approximately 13%). an increase in Facilities & Other sector sales resulting from net new business, an acquisition and base business growth Operating income increased by approximately $83.7 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The increase in operating income was attributable to: $92.1 million of profit growth within our businesses, due primarily from a reduction in personnel costs, including employee incentive expenses, and profit from the Avendra acquisition; $7.5 million increase from proceeds received related to our casualty insurance program from prior years' loss experience that were favorable; headquarters; and ($7.7) million of duplicate rent charges to build out and ready our new headquarters while occupying our existing ($8.3) million increase in severance charges related to streamlining initiatives. Sales and operating income were both negatively impacted during fiscal 2018 by natural disasters, specifically the wildfires at Yosemite National Park. The impact to the FSS United States segment was an approximate $28 million decline in revenue and an approximate $9 million decline in operating income, which includes $5 million of recoveries under our insurance program. FSS International Segment increase was attributable to: FSS International segment sales increased by approximately 11% during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The sales growth across all regions, including growth due to the consolidation of a joint venture (approximately 2%); and the positive impact of foreign currency translation (approximately 5%). Operating income decreased by approximately $11.2 million during fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year period. The decrease in operating income was attributable to: ($8.7) million increase in severance costs related to streamlining initiatives; ($7.5) million of charges related to a joint venture partner liquidation and related acquisition; $2.0 million from the positive impact of foreign currency translation ($5.8 million), net of a $3.8 million charge as a result of hyperinflation in Argentina; and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 31 31 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KFiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 The following tables present an overview of our results on a consolidated and segment basis with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the fiscal years 2017 and 2016 (dollars in millions). A majority of our Canadian operations were reclassified into the FSS International reportable segment beginning in fiscal 2018. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 were restated to conform to the current period presentation. The effect was not material. Sales Cost and Expenses: Cost of service provided Other operating expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net income Sales by Segment(1) FSS United States FSS International Uniform Operating Income by Segment FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ % $ 14,604.4 $ 14,415.8 $ 188.6 12,989.0 807.3 13,796.3 808.1 287.4 520.7 146.5 12,890.4 779.1 13,669.5 746.3 315.4 430.9 142.7 $ 374.2 $ 288.2 $ Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 9,748.0 $ 3,291.7 1,564.7 14,604.4 $ September 30, 2016 9,582.6 $ 3,269.5 1,563.7 14,415.8 $ Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 596.8 $ 162.1 182.3 (133.1) 808.1 $ September 30, 2016 490.2 $ 185.3 195.3 (124.5) 746.3 $ $ $ $ $ 1 % 1 % 4 % 1 % 8 % (9)% 21 % 3 % 30 % 2% 1% —% 1% 98.6 28.2 126.8 61.8 (28.0) 89.8 3.8 86.0 $ % 165.4 22.2 1.0 188.6 $ % 106.6 (23.2) (13.0) (8.6) 61.8 22 % (13)% (7)% 7 % 8 % (1) As a percentage of total sales, FSS United States represented 67% and 66%, FSS International represented 22% and 23% and Uniform represented 11% and 11% for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. Consolidated Overview Sales increased approximately 1% during fiscal 2017. Sales were primarily impacted by: • • • • growth in the Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector partially offset by a decrease in the Healthcare sector in the FSS United States segment; growth in Ireland and Germany partially offset by a decrease in the U.K. in the FSS International segment; the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $25 million); and the negative impact of foreign currency translation of approximately -1%. 32 33 32 The following table presents the cost of services provided by segment and as a percent of sales for the fiscal years ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016. Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Cost of services provided $ % of Sales $ % of Sales FSS United States $ FSS International Uniform 8,692.5 3,053.7 1,242.8 89% $ 93% 79% 8,652.1 3,007.5 1,230.8 $ 12,989.0 89% $ 12,890.4 90% 92% 79% 89% The following table presents the percentages attributable to the components in cost of services provided for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. Cost of services provided components September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Food and support service costs Personnel costs Other direct costs Fiscal Year Ended 26% 47% 27% 100% 27% 47% 26% 100% Operating income increased approximately $61.8 million during fiscal 2017. The increase in operating income was impacted by: • • • • • • • • profit growth in the FSS United States and FSS International segments; a decrease in acquisition-related amortization expense ($20.6 million); the prior year charges related to the sale of one of our buildings (approximately $6.8 million) and asset write-offs, mainly in the Uniform segment (approximately $7.0 million); and a gain from a retrospective refund under our casualty insurance program related to favorable loss experience in a prior year (approximately $6.5 million); which more than offset the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $17 million, which includes approximately $6.1 million in asset write-downs); a profit decline in the Uniform segment; an increase in the loss related to the change in fair value of certain gasoline and diesel agreements (approximately $8.7 million); and an increase in share-based compensation (approximately $8.2 million). Interest and Other Financing Costs, net, decreased 9% during fiscal 2017. The decrease during fiscal 2017 was primarily due to lower weighted average interest rates from refinancing activity during fiscal 2017. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 include charges related to refinancing activities of approximately $31.5 million and $30.2 million, respectively. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2017 was 28.1% compared to 33.1% in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the $23.3 million tax benefit recognized for fiscal 2017 as a result of the adoption of the accounting standards update related to share-based payment transactions (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements) and from the impact of certain permanently reinvested foreign earnings. Segment Results FSS United States Segment The FSS United States reportable segment consists of five operating sectors which have similar economic characteristics and are aggregated into a single operating segment. The five operating sectors of the FSS United States reportable segment are Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. Aramark 2018 Form 10-KFiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016 The following tables present an overview of our results on a consolidated and segment basis with the amount of and percentage change between periods for the fiscal years 2017 and 2016 (dollars in millions). A majority of our Canadian operations were reclassified into the FSS International reportable segment beginning in fiscal 2018. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 were restated to conform to the current period presentation. The effect was not material. Sales Cost and Expenses: Cost of service provided Other operating expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Net income Sales by Segment(1) FSS United States FSS International Uniform FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ % $ 14,604.4 $ 14,415.8 $ 188.6 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ % 12,989.0 807.3 13,796.3 808.1 287.4 520.7 146.5 12,890.4 779.1 13,669.5 746.3 315.4 430.9 142.7 374.2 $ 288.2 $ Fiscal Year Ended 9,748.0 $ 9,582.6 $ 3,291.7 1,564.7 3,269.5 1,563.7 14,604.4 $ 14,415.8 $ Fiscal Year Ended $ 596.8 162.1 182.3 (133.1) 808.1 $ $ 490.2 185.3 195.3 (124.5) 746.3 $ 98.6 28.2 126.8 61.8 (28.0) 89.8 3.8 86.0 165.4 22.2 1.0 188.6 106.6 (23.2) (13.0) (8.6) 61.8 $ $ $ $ $ 1 % 1 % 4 % 1 % 8 % (9)% 21 % 3 % 30 % 2% 1% —% 1% 22 % (13)% (7)% 7 % 8 % Operating Income by Segment September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ % (1) As a percentage of total sales, FSS United States represented 67% and 66%, FSS International represented 22% and 23% and Uniform represented 11% and 11% for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. Consolidated Overview Sales increased approximately 1% during fiscal 2017. Sales were primarily impacted by: growth in the Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector partially offset by a decrease in the Healthcare sector in the FSS United States segment; growth in Ireland and Germany partially offset by a decrease in the U.K. in the FSS International segment; the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $25 million); and the negative impact of foreign currency translation of approximately -1%. • • • • The following table presents the cost of services provided by segment and as a percent of sales for the fiscal years ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016. Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Cost of services provided $ % of Sales $ % of Sales FSS United States $ FSS International Uniform 8,692.5 3,053.7 1,242.8 89% $ 93% 79% 8,652.1 3,007.5 1,230.8 $ 12,989.0 89% $ 12,890.4 90% 92% 79% 89% The following table presents the percentages attributable to the components in cost of services provided for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. Cost of services provided components September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended Food and support service costs Personnel costs Other direct costs 26% 47% 27% 100% 27% 47% 26% 100% Operating income increased approximately $61.8 million during fiscal 2017. The increase in operating income was impacted by: • • • • • • • • profit growth in the FSS United States and FSS International segments; a decrease in acquisition-related amortization expense ($20.6 million); the prior year charges related to the sale of one of our buildings (approximately $6.8 million) and asset write-offs, mainly in the Uniform segment (approximately $7.0 million); and a gain from a retrospective refund under our casualty insurance program related to favorable loss experience in a prior year (approximately $6.5 million); which more than offset the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $17 million, which includes approximately $6.1 million in asset write-downs); a profit decline in the Uniform segment; an increase in the loss related to the change in fair value of certain gasoline and diesel agreements (approximately $8.7 million); and an increase in share-based compensation (approximately $8.2 million). Interest and Other Financing Costs, net, decreased 9% during fiscal 2017. The decrease during fiscal 2017 was primarily due to lower weighted average interest rates from refinancing activity during fiscal 2017. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 include charges related to refinancing activities of approximately $31.5 million and $30.2 million, respectively. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2017 was 28.1% compared to 33.1% in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the $23.3 million tax benefit recognized for fiscal 2017 as a result of the adoption of the accounting standards update related to share-based payment transactions (see Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements) and from the impact of certain permanently reinvested foreign earnings. Segment Results FSS United States Segment The FSS United States reportable segment consists of five operating sectors which have similar economic characteristics and are aggregated into a single operating segment. The five operating sectors of the FSS United States reportable segment are Business & Industry, Education, Healthcare, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other. 32 33 33 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KSales for each of these sectors are summarized as follows (in millions): Uniform Segment Fiscal Year Ended Uniform segment sales for fiscal 2017 were comparable to fiscal 2016. Fiscal 2017 operating income decreased approximately $13.0 million compared to fiscal 2016. The decrease in operating September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 income was impacted by: Business & Industry Education Healthcare Sports, Leisure & Corrections Facilities & Other $ $ 1,536.2 $ 3,158.9 1,270.1 2,354.6 1,428.2 9,748.0 $ 1,522.0 3,291.4 1,350.1 2,191.1 1,228.0 9,582.6 The Healthcare and Education sectors generally have high-single digit operating income margins and the Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other sectors generally have mid-single digit operating income margins. FSS United States segment sales increased 2% during fiscal 2017 primarily due to: during fiscal 2017. The increase is primarily due to the impact of: • • • • • an increase in Business & Industry sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 1%); an increase in Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 7%); an increase in Facilities & Other sector sales resulting from net new business (approximately 16%); a decrease in consulting costs (approximately $9.1 million). lower Education sector sales resulting from net lost business (approximately 4%); and lower Healthcare sector sales resulting from net lost business (approximately 6%). Operating income increased approximately $106.6 million during fiscal 2017. The increase in operating income was impacted by: • • • • • • • • strategic focus around procurement and labor management initiatives in base business; a decrease in acquisition-related amortization expense (approximately $21.0 million); the prior year charges related to the sale of one of our buildings (approximately $6.8 million); a decrease in severance-related charges (approximately $5.2 million); prior year multiemployer pension plan charges (approximately $2.3 million); a gain from a retrospective refund under our casualty insurance program related to favorable loss experience in a prior year (approximately $4.0 million); which more than offset the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $8 million); and profit decline in our Healthcare and Facilities & Other sectors. FSS International Segment Sales in the FSS International segment increased 1% during fiscal 2017. The increase was impacted by: • • • sales growth in Ireland, Germany, Spain, China and Korea and acquisitions (approximately 1%); which was partially offset by a sales decline in the U.K., Canada and South America; and the negative impact of foreign currency translation (approximately -2%). Operating income decreased approximately $23.2 million during fiscal 2017. The decrease in operating income was impacted by: • • • a profit decline in the U.K.; and the negative impact of foreign currency translation (approximately -1%): which was partially offset by profit growth in Germany, China and South America. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 include severance related charges of approximately $13.4 million and $14.0 million, respectively. 34 35 34 the adverse impact of natural disasters, primarily on our operations in Puerto Rico (estimated to be $8 million, including $6.1 million of asset write-downs); and installation costs related to the onboarding of new business; which was partially offset by the prior year charge to write-off impaired assets (approximately $6.0 million). Operating income in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 includes severance related charges of approximately $1.1 million and $2.5 Corporate expenses, those administrative expenses not allocated to the business segments, increased approximately $8.6 million an increase in the loss related to the change in the fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements an increase in share-based compensation expense mainly related to performance stock awards (approximately $8.2 • • • • • • million, respectively. Corporate (approximately $8.7 million); and million); which more than offset Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operating activities, funds from borrowings and existing cash on hand. As of September 28, 2018, we had $215.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $902.8 million of availability under our senior secured revolving credit facility. A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents is held in mature, liquid markets where we have operations. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $913.8 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings. We believe that our cash generated from operations, cash and cash equivalents and the unused portion of our committed credit availability under the senior secured revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements to fund working capital, capital spending, debt service obligations, refinancings, dividends and other cash needs. As part of our ongoing liquidity assessments, we routinely monitor our cash flow (including the mix of domestic and international inflows and outflows) and the condition of the capital markets in order to be prepared to respond to changing conditions. The table below summarizes our cash activity (in millions): Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 1,047.4 $ 1,053.4 $ (2,865.3) 1,794.2 (678.5) (288.7) 867.3 (679.7) (157.4) Reference to the audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows will facilitate understanding of the discussion that follows. Aramark 2018 Form 10-KSales for each of these sectors are summarized as follows (in millions): Uniform Segment Business & Industry Education Healthcare Sports, Leisure & Corrections Facilities & Other Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ $ 1,536.2 $ 3,158.9 1,270.1 2,354.6 1,428.2 9,748.0 $ 1,522.0 3,291.4 1,350.1 2,191.1 1,228.0 9,582.6 The Healthcare and Education sectors generally have high-single digit operating income margins and the Business & Industry, Sports, Leisure & Corrections and Facilities & Other sectors generally have mid-single digit operating income margins. FSS United States segment sales increased 2% during fiscal 2017 primarily due to: an increase in Business & Industry sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth (approximately 1%); (approximately 7%); an increase in Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector sales resulting from net new business and base business growth an increase in Facilities & Other sector sales resulting from net new business (approximately 16%); lower Education sector sales resulting from net lost business (approximately 4%); and lower Healthcare sector sales resulting from net lost business (approximately 6%). Operating income increased approximately $106.6 million during fiscal 2017. The increase in operating income was impacted by: strategic focus around procurement and labor management initiatives in base business; a decrease in acquisition-related amortization expense (approximately $21.0 million); the prior year charges related to the sale of one of our buildings (approximately $6.8 million); a decrease in severance-related charges (approximately $5.2 million); prior year multiemployer pension plan charges (approximately $2.3 million); a gain from a retrospective refund under our casualty insurance program related to favorable loss experience in a prior year (approximately $4.0 million); which more than offset the adverse impact of natural disasters (estimated to be $8 million); and profit decline in our Healthcare and Facilities & Other sectors. FSS International Segment Sales in the FSS International segment increased 1% during fiscal 2017. The increase was impacted by: sales growth in Ireland, Germany, Spain, China and Korea and acquisitions (approximately 1%); which was partially offset by a sales decline in the U.K., Canada and South America; and the negative impact of foreign currency translation (approximately -2%). Operating income decreased approximately $23.2 million during fiscal 2017. The decrease in operating income was impacted by: a profit decline in the U.K.; and the negative impact of foreign currency translation (approximately -1%): which was partially offset by profit growth in Germany, China and South America. Fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 include severance related charges of approximately $13.4 million and $14.0 million, respectively. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Uniform segment sales for fiscal 2017 were comparable to fiscal 2016. Fiscal 2017 operating income decreased approximately $13.0 million compared to fiscal 2016. The decrease in operating income was impacted by: • • • the adverse impact of natural disasters, primarily on our operations in Puerto Rico (estimated to be $8 million, including $6.1 million of asset write-downs); and installation costs related to the onboarding of new business; which was partially offset by the prior year charge to write-off impaired assets (approximately $6.0 million). Operating income in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 includes severance related charges of approximately $1.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Corporate Corporate expenses, those administrative expenses not allocated to the business segments, increased approximately $8.6 million during fiscal 2017. The increase is primarily due to the impact of: • • • an increase in the loss related to the change in the fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements (approximately $8.7 million); and an increase in share-based compensation expense mainly related to performance stock awards (approximately $8.2 million); which more than offset a decrease in consulting costs (approximately $9.1 million). Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operating activities, funds from borrowings and existing cash on hand. As of September 28, 2018, we had $215.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $902.8 million of availability under our senior secured revolving credit facility. A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents is held in mature, liquid markets where we have operations. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $913.8 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings. We believe that our cash generated from operations, cash and cash equivalents and the unused portion of our committed credit availability under the senior secured revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements to fund working capital, capital spending, debt service obligations, refinancings, dividends and other cash needs. As part of our ongoing liquidity assessments, we routinely monitor our cash flow (including the mix of domestic and international inflows and outflows) and the condition of the capital markets in order to be prepared to respond to changing conditions. The table below summarizes our cash activity (in millions): Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ $ 1,047.4 (2,865.3) 1,794.2 $ 1,053.4 (678.5) (288.7) 867.3 (679.7) (157.4) Reference to the audited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows will facilitate understanding of the discussion that follows. 34 35 35 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KCash Flows Provided by Operating Activities Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities During fiscal 2018, there was an increase in net income and non-cash charges that resulted from higher operating income discussed above. The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to the change in operating assets and liabilities ($212.1 million). The change in operating assets and liabilities compared to the prior year period was primarily due to the following: • • • • Accrued expenses were a greater use of cash primarily due to the timing of one-time payments for certain liabilities assumed related to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions and lower accrued payroll and related expenses offset by lower tax payments; Prepayments were less of a source of cash due to the timing of prepayments made related to interest, insurance premiums and taxes; Accounts payable were less of a source of cash due to the timing of disbursements; and Cash Flows Provided by (Used In) Financing Activities Accounts receivable were less of a use of cash due to the timing of collections. During fiscal 2018, cash provided by financing activities was impacted by the following (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated During fiscal 2018, we received gross proceeds of approximately $18.9 million related to our casualty insurance program from our loss experience being favorable related to a prior year. During fiscal 2018, we incurred approximately $58.2 million of acquisition related costs. The "Changes in other noncurrent liabilities" caption in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was less of a source of cash compared to fiscal 2017 due to the timing of payments related to our casualty insurance program. The "Changes in other assets" caption in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was less of a use of cash during fiscal 2018 mainly from the increase in cash distributions received from our 50% ownership interest in AIM Services Co., Ltd. of approximately $30.3 million, offset by certain client payments. The "Other operating activities" caption mainly reflects the adjustments to net income in the prior year period related to certain financing related charges in connection with our refinancing activity. During fiscal 2017, there was an increase in the total of net income and non cash charges compared to fiscal 2016. The change in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $118.8 million compared to fiscal 2016, is primarily due to the following: • • • • Prepayments being a source of cash compared to a use of cash in the prior year due to the timing of prepayments made at the end of fiscal 2016 related to interest, insurance premiums and income and non-income related tax payments; and financial statements): Accounts payable being a greater source of cash compared to the prior year due to the timing of disbursements, extension of certain payment terms and new business; partially offset by Accounts receivable were a greater use of cash compared to the prior year due to timing of collections and new business; and Accrued expenses were less of a source of cash compared to the prior year due to a decrease in payroll related accruals offset by timing of client advances and interest payments. During fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of approximately $9.7 million related to our casualty insurance program from our loss experience being favorable related to a prior year. The "Changes in other noncurrent liabilities" caption in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows was a greater source of cash compared to fiscal 2016 due to the timing of payments related to our casualty insurance program. The "Other operating activities" caption for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 also reflects the adjustments to net income in both periods related to certain financing charges in connection with our refinancing activities. During fiscal 2016, the total of net income and non cash charges increased compared to fiscal 2015, resulting from the higher operating results. The change in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $3.9 million compared to the prior year period relates primarily to Accrued Expenses being a source of cash compared to a use of cash in the prior year primarily due to a decrease in commission payments mainly from a prior year lost client in the Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector, timing of deferred income payments, timing of interest payments and timing of other accrued expenses; and Accounts Payable being less of a use of cash compared to the prior year due to the timing of disbursements and less employee taxes paid from exercises of share-based awards compared to the prior year; partially offset by Accounts Receivable were a use of cash due to timing of collections, mainly from the fiscal 2015 cash receipts related to a one-time facility project in the Business & Industry sector; and Prepayments were a use of cash primarily due to prepayments of income and non-income related taxes, interest on the U.S. dollar denominated term loan and insurance premiums. During fiscal 2016, we made voluntary contributions to our defined benefit pension plans of approximately $19.8 million. 36 37 36 The increase in net cash flows used in investing activities in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 relates primarily to a higher level of spending for acquisitions, mainly AmeriPride and Avendra (see Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements), and higher spending on capital expenditures mainly for leasehold improvements at our new headquarters. Fiscal 2017 use of cash in investing activities was comparable with fiscal 2016 primarily due to higher levels of capital expenditures offset by a decrease in the level of spending for acquisitions. Fiscal 2016 use of cash in investing activities increased approximately 35% compared with fiscal 2015 primarily due to the acquisitions of Avoca in the FSS International segment for approximately $65.8 million and HPSI, a group purchasing organization, in the FSS United States segment for $140.0 million, partially offset by lower net capital expenditures, which includes the proceeds from the sale of a building in our FSS United States segment of approximately $9.5 million. financial statements): issuance of a new $1.785 billion U.S. Term Loan B due 2025; • • • • • • • • • • • • • issuance of $1.150 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.000% senior unsecured notes due 2028; repayment of the U.S. dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") due 2022 ($633.8 million of principal); repayment of borrowings on term loans ($302.6 million, which includes $260.4 million of optional prepayments); decline in funding under the Receivables Facility ($254.2 million); and payment of fees primarily related to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 and the 5.000% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (approximately $24.7 million). During fiscal 2017, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the following (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated issuance of $600.0 million of 5.000% senior unsecured notes due April 2025; issuance of €325.0 million of 3.125% senior unsecured notes due April 2025; issuance of $2.0 billion of new U.S. term loans, a CAD250.1 million term loan denominated in Canadian dollars and a ¥11,051.5 million term loan denominated in yen and a €170.0 million term loan denominated in euros; repayment of all existing term loan facilities under the Company's then existing senior secured credit facilities; repayment of $228.8 million of the 5.750% senior unsecured notes due 2020; payment of fees and expenses related to the refinancings (approximately $44.4 million); and proceeds from the sale of buildings in our FSS International segment (approximately $30.1 million). During fiscal 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program providing for purchases of up to $250 million of Aramark common stock through February 1, 2019. During fiscal 2018, we completed a repurchase of 0.6 million shares of our common stock for $24.4 million. The Company repurchased approximately 2.8 million shares of its common stock for $100.0 million in fiscal 2017. We may utilize various methods to effect repurchases of our common stock under the repurchase program, which could include open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, block transactions, accelerated share repurchase or open market solicitations for shares, some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Repurchases will be made at our discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the capital needs of the business, the market price of our common stock and general market conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During fiscal 2016, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the issuance of $900 million of 5.125% Senior Notes due January 2024 and $500 million of 4.750% Senior Notes due June 2026, repayment of approximately $771.2 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"); optional prepayments of an outstanding U.S. dollar denominated term loan due 2019 of approximately $354.1 million; payment of of financing fees from the debt issuances during fiscal 2016 of approximately $20.2 million; call premium payment of $22.2 million from repayment of the 2020 Notes and the repayment of a U.S. dollar denominated term loan of a Canadian subsidiary in the amount of $74.1 million. We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors Aramark 2018 Form 10-K• • • • • • • • During fiscal 2018, there was an increase in net income and non-cash charges that resulted from higher operating income discussed above. The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to the change in operating assets and liabilities ($212.1 million). The change in operating assets and liabilities compared to the prior year period was primarily due to the following: Accrued expenses were a greater use of cash primarily due to the timing of one-time payments for certain liabilities assumed related to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions and lower accrued payroll and related expenses offset by lower tax payments; premiums and taxes; Prepayments were less of a source of cash due to the timing of prepayments made related to interest, insurance Accounts receivable were less of a use of cash due to the timing of collections. During fiscal 2018, we received gross proceeds of approximately $18.9 million related to our casualty insurance program from our loss experience being favorable related to a prior year. During fiscal 2018, we incurred approximately $58.2 million of acquisition related costs. The "Changes in other noncurrent liabilities" caption in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was less of a source of cash compared to fiscal 2017 due to the timing of payments related to our casualty insurance program. The "Changes in other assets" caption in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was less of a use of cash during fiscal 2018 mainly from the increase in cash distributions received from our 50% ownership interest in AIM Services Co., Ltd. of approximately $30.3 million, offset by certain client payments. The "Other operating activities" caption mainly reflects the adjustments to net income in the prior year period related to certain financing related charges in connection with our refinancing activity. During fiscal 2017, there was an increase in the total of net income and non cash charges compared to fiscal 2016. The change in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $118.8 million compared to fiscal 2016, is primarily due to the following: Prepayments being a source of cash compared to a use of cash in the prior year due to the timing of prepayments made at the end of fiscal 2016 related to interest, insurance premiums and income and non-income related tax payments; and Accounts payable being a greater source of cash compared to the prior year due to the timing of disbursements, extension of certain payment terms and new business; partially offset by Accounts receivable were a greater use of cash compared to the prior year due to timing of collections and new business; and Accrued expenses were less of a source of cash compared to the prior year due to a decrease in payroll related accruals offset by timing of client advances and interest payments. During fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of approximately $9.7 million related to our casualty insurance program from our loss experience being favorable related to a prior year. The "Changes in other noncurrent liabilities" caption in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows was a greater source of cash compared to fiscal 2016 due to the timing of payments related to our casualty insurance program. The "Other operating activities" caption for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 also reflects the adjustments to net income in both periods related to certain financing charges in connection with our refinancing activities. During fiscal 2016, the total of net income and non cash charges increased compared to fiscal 2015, resulting from the higher operating results. The change in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $3.9 million compared to the prior year period relates primarily to Accrued Expenses being a source of cash compared to a use of cash in the prior year primarily due to a decrease in commission payments mainly from a prior year lost client in the Sports, Leisure & Corrections sector, timing of deferred income payments, timing of interest payments and timing of other accrued expenses; and Accounts Payable being less of a use of cash compared to the prior year due to the timing of disbursements and less employee taxes paid from exercises of share-based awards compared to the prior year; partially offset by Accounts Receivable were a use of cash due to timing of collections, mainly from the fiscal 2015 cash receipts related to a one-time facility project in the Business & Industry sector; and Prepayments were a use of cash primarily due to prepayments of income and non-income related taxes, interest on the U.S. dollar denominated term loan and insurance premiums. During fiscal 2016, we made voluntary contributions to our defined benefit pension plans of approximately $19.8 million. Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities Accounts payable were less of a source of cash due to the timing of disbursements; and Cash Flows Provided by (Used In) Financing Activities The increase in net cash flows used in investing activities in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 relates primarily to a higher level of spending for acquisitions, mainly AmeriPride and Avendra (see Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements), and higher spending on capital expenditures mainly for leasehold improvements at our new headquarters. Fiscal 2017 use of cash in investing activities was comparable with fiscal 2016 primarily due to higher levels of capital expenditures offset by a decrease in the level of spending for acquisitions. Fiscal 2016 use of cash in investing activities increased approximately 35% compared with fiscal 2015 primarily due to the acquisitions of Avoca in the FSS International segment for approximately $65.8 million and HPSI, a group purchasing organization, in the FSS United States segment for $140.0 million, partially offset by lower net capital expenditures, which includes the proceeds from the sale of a building in our FSS United States segment of approximately $9.5 million. During fiscal 2018, cash provided by financing activities was impacted by the following (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements): • • • • • • issuance of a new $1.785 billion U.S. Term Loan B due 2025; issuance of $1.150 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.000% senior unsecured notes due 2028; repayment of the U.S. dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") due 2022 ($633.8 million of principal); repayment of borrowings on term loans ($302.6 million, which includes $260.4 million of optional prepayments); decline in funding under the Receivables Facility ($254.2 million); and payment of fees primarily related to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 and the 5.000% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (approximately $24.7 million). During fiscal 2017, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the following (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements): • • • • • • • issuance of $600.0 million of 5.000% senior unsecured notes due April 2025; issuance of €325.0 million of 3.125% senior unsecured notes due April 2025; issuance of $2.0 billion of new U.S. term loans, a CAD250.1 million term loan denominated in Canadian dollars and a ¥11,051.5 million term loan denominated in yen and a €170.0 million term loan denominated in euros; repayment of all existing term loan facilities under the Company's then existing senior secured credit facilities; repayment of $228.8 million of the 5.750% senior unsecured notes due 2020; payment of fees and expenses related to the refinancings (approximately $44.4 million); and proceeds from the sale of buildings in our FSS International segment (approximately $30.1 million). During fiscal 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program providing for purchases of up to $250 million of Aramark common stock through February 1, 2019. During fiscal 2018, we completed a repurchase of 0.6 million shares of our common stock for $24.4 million. The Company repurchased approximately 2.8 million shares of its common stock for $100.0 million in fiscal 2017. We may utilize various methods to effect repurchases of our common stock under the repurchase program, which could include open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, block transactions, accelerated share repurchase or open market solicitations for shares, some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Repurchases will be made at our discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the capital needs of the business, the market price of our common stock and general market conditions. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During fiscal 2016, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the issuance of $900 million of 5.125% Senior Notes due January 2024 and $500 million of 4.750% Senior Notes due June 2026, repayment of approximately $771.2 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "2020 Notes"); optional prepayments of an outstanding U.S. dollar denominated term loan due 2019 of approximately $354.1 million; payment of of financing fees from the debt issuances during fiscal 2016 of approximately $20.2 million; call premium payment of $22.2 million from repayment of the 2020 Notes and the repayment of a U.S. dollar denominated term loan of a Canadian subsidiary in the amount of $74.1 million. We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors 36 37 37 Aramark 2018 Form 10-Kmay deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and our Board of Directors may, at any time, determine not to continue to declare quarterly dividends. Covenant Compliance The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase our capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing our subordinated debt (or any indebtedness that refinances the subordinated debt); and fundamentally change our business. The indentures governing our senior notes contain similar provisions. As of September 28, 2018, we were in compliance with these covenants. As stated above, the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes contain provisions that restrict our ability to pay dividends and repurchase stock (collectively, "Restricted Payments"). In addition to customary exceptions, the Credit Agreement and indentures permit Restricted Payments in the aggregate up to an amount that increases quarterly by 50% of our Consolidated Net Income, as such term is defined in these debt agreements, subject to being in compliance with the interest coverage ratio described below. Under the Credit Agreement, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests and covenants. The indentures governing our senior notes also require us to comply with certain financial ratios in order to take certain actions. Our continued ability to meet those financial ratios, tests and covenants can be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will meet those ratios, tests and covenants. These financial ratios, tests and covenants involve the calculation of certain measures that we refer to in this discussion as "Covenant Adjusted EBITDA." Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) of Aramark Services, Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries plus interest and other financing costs, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to give effect to adjustments required in calculating covenant ratios and compliance under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. Our presentation of these measures has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. You should not consider these measures as alternatives to net income or operating income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies because not all companies use identical calculations. The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") stockholder, which is a U.S. GAAP measure of Aramark Services, Inc.’s operating results, to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our debt agreements. The terms and related calculations are defined in the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of Aramark Services, Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries only and does not include the results of Aramark. (in millions) Net income attributable to ASI stockholder Interest and other financing costs, net (Benefit) Provision for income taxes Depreciation and amortization Share-based compensation expense(1) Pro forma EBITDA for equity method investees(2) Pro forma EBITDA for certain transactions(3) Other(4) Covenant Adjusted EBITDA Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 567.9 $ 373.9 $ 354.3 (96.6) 596.2 88.3 15.2 58.6 143.9 287.4 146.5 508.2 65.2 14.2 — 36.8 287.8 315.4 142.7 495.8 56.9 14.3 4.1 35.4 $ 1,727.8 $ 1,432.2 $ 1,352.4 (1) Represents share-based compensation expense resulting from the application of accounting for stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock, performance stock units and deferred stock unit awards (see Note 10 to the audited consolidated financial statements). (3) (4) (2) Represents our estimated share of EBITDA, primarily from our AIM Services Co., Ltd. equity method investment, not already reflected in our Net income attributable to ASI stockholder. EBITDA for this equity method investee is calculated in a manner consistent with consolidated Covenant Adjusted EBITDA but does not represent cash distributions received from this investee. Represents the annualizing of net EBITDA from acquisitions made during the period. Other includes organizational streamlining initiatives ($36.6 million for fiscal 2018, $19.4 million for fiscal 2017 and $24.9 million for fiscal 2016), the impact of the change in fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements ($0.2 million gain for fiscal 2018, $0.4 million loss for fiscal 2017 and $8.3 million gain for fiscal 2016), expenses related to merger and integration related charges ($78.1 million for fiscal 2018, $2.6 million for fiscal 2017 and $3.9 million for fiscal 2016), estimated impact of natural disasters, net of insurance proceeds ($17.0 million, of which $6.1 million relates to asset write-downs, for fiscal 2017), property and other asset write-downs related to a joint venture liquidation and acquisition ($7.5 million for fiscal 2018), duplicate rent charges to build out and ready our new headquarters while occupying our existing headquarters ($7.7 million for fiscal 2018), certain environmental charges ($5.0 million for fiscal 2018), the impact of hyperinflation in Argentina ($3.8 million for fiscal 2018), pension plan charges ($0.9 million for fiscal 2018), property and other asset write-downs associated with the sale of a building ($6.8 million for fiscal 2016), other asset write-offs ($5.0 million for fiscal 2016) and other miscellaneous expenses. Our covenant requirements and actual ratios for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 are as follows: Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio(1) Interest Coverage Ratio (Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio)(2) Covenant Requirements Actual Ratios 5.125x 2.000x 2.05x 4.80x (1) The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, of 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, capital leases, debt in respect of sale-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet that is free and clear of any lien. Non-compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under the Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI’s U.S. Term Loan B, which lenders do not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio covenant) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing our senior notes. (2) Our Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, the achievement of which is a condition for us to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments. If we do not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, we could be prohibited from being able to incur additional indebtedness, other than the incremental capacity provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is 2.000x for the term of the Credit Agreement. Consolidated interest expense is defined in the Credit Agreement as consolidated interest expense excluding interest income, adjusted for acquisitions and dispositions, further adjusted for certain non-cash or nonrecurring interest expense and our estimated share of interest expense from one equity method investee. The indentures governing our senior notes includes a similar requirement which is referred to as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates may from time to time, in their sole discretion, purchase, repay, redeem or retire any of our outstanding debt securities (including any publicly issued debt securities), in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, or extend or refinance any of our outstanding indebtedness. 38 39 38 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K may deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and our Board of Directors may, at any time, determine not to continue to declare quarterly dividends. Covenant Compliance The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase our capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing our subordinated debt (or any indebtedness that refinances the subordinated debt); and fundamentally change our business. The indentures governing our senior notes contain similar provisions. As of September 28, 2018, we were in compliance with these covenants. As stated above, the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes contain provisions that restrict our ability to pay dividends and repurchase stock (collectively, "Restricted Payments"). In addition to customary exceptions, the Credit Agreement and indentures permit Restricted Payments in the aggregate up to an amount that increases quarterly by 50% of our Consolidated Net Income, as such term is defined in these debt agreements, subject to being in compliance with the interest coverage ratio described below. Under the Credit Agreement, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests and covenants. The indentures governing our senior notes also require us to comply with certain financial ratios in order to take certain actions. Our continued ability to meet those financial ratios, tests and covenants can be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will meet those ratios, tests and covenants. These financial ratios, tests and covenants involve the calculation of certain measures that we refer to in this discussion as "Covenant Adjusted EBITDA." Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) of Aramark Services, Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries plus interest and other financing costs, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to give effect to adjustments required in calculating covenant ratios and compliance under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. Our presentation of these measures has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. You should not consider these measures as alternatives to net income or operating income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies because not all companies use identical calculations. The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") stockholder, which is a U.S. GAAP measure of Aramark Services, Inc.’s operating results, to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our debt agreements. The terms and related calculations are defined in the Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our senior notes. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of Aramark Services, Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries only and does not include the results of Aramark. (in millions) Net income attributable to ASI stockholder Interest and other financing costs, net (Benefit) Provision for income taxes Depreciation and amortization Share-based compensation expense(1) Pro forma EBITDA for equity method investees(2) Pro forma EBITDA for certain transactions(3) Other(4) Covenant Adjusted EBITDA Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 567.9 $ 373.9 $ 354.3 (96.6) 596.2 88.3 15.2 58.6 143.9 287.4 146.5 508.2 65.2 14.2 — 36.8 287.8 315.4 142.7 495.8 56.9 14.3 4.1 35.4 $ 1,727.8 $ 1,432.2 $ 1,352.4 (1) Represents share-based compensation expense resulting from the application of accounting for stock options, restricted stock units, performance stock, performance stock units and deferred stock unit awards (see Note 10 to the audited consolidated financial statements). (2) (3) (4) Represents our estimated share of EBITDA, primarily from our AIM Services Co., Ltd. equity method investment, not already reflected in our Net income attributable to ASI stockholder. EBITDA for this equity method investee is calculated in a manner consistent with consolidated Covenant Adjusted EBITDA but does not represent cash distributions received from this investee. Represents the annualizing of net EBITDA from acquisitions made during the period. Other includes organizational streamlining initiatives ($36.6 million for fiscal 2018, $19.4 million for fiscal 2017 and $24.9 million for fiscal 2016), the impact of the change in fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements ($0.2 million gain for fiscal 2018, $0.4 million loss for fiscal 2017 and $8.3 million gain for fiscal 2016), expenses related to merger and integration related charges ($78.1 million for fiscal 2018, $2.6 million for fiscal 2017 and $3.9 million for fiscal 2016), estimated impact of natural disasters, net of insurance proceeds ($17.0 million, of which $6.1 million relates to asset write-downs, for fiscal 2017), property and other asset write-downs related to a joint venture liquidation and acquisition ($7.5 million for fiscal 2018), duplicate rent charges to build out and ready our new headquarters while occupying our existing headquarters ($7.7 million for fiscal 2018), certain environmental charges ($5.0 million for fiscal 2018), the impact of hyperinflation in Argentina ($3.8 million for fiscal 2018), pension plan charges ($0.9 million for fiscal 2018), property and other asset write-downs associated with the sale of a building ($6.8 million for fiscal 2016), other asset write-offs ($5.0 million for fiscal 2016) and other miscellaneous expenses. Our covenant requirements and actual ratios for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 are as follows: Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio(1) Interest Coverage Ratio (Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio)(2) Covenant Requirements Actual Ratios 5.125x 2.000x 2.05x 4.80x (1) (2) The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, of 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, capital leases, debt in respect of sale-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet that is free and clear of any lien. Non-compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under the Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI’s U.S. Term Loan B, which lenders do not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio covenant) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing our senior notes. Our Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, the achievement of which is a condition for us to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments. If we do not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, we could be prohibited from being able to incur additional indebtedness, other than the incremental capacity provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is 2.000x for the term of the Credit Agreement. Consolidated interest expense is defined in the Credit Agreement as consolidated interest expense excluding interest income, adjusted for acquisitions and dispositions, further adjusted for certain non-cash or nonrecurring interest expense and our estimated share of interest expense from one equity method investee. The indentures governing our senior notes includes a similar requirement which is referred to as a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates may from time to time, in their sole discretion, purchase, repay, redeem or retire any of our outstanding debt securities (including any publicly issued debt securities), in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, or extend or refinance any of our outstanding indebtedness. 38 39 39 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K The following table summarizes our future obligations for debt repayments, capital leases, estimated interest payments, future minimum rental and similar commitments under noncancelable operating leases as well as contingent obligations related to outstanding letters of credit and guarantees as of September 28, 2018 (dollars in thousands): Contractual Obligations as of September 28, 2018 Long-term borrowings(1) Capital lease obligations Estimated interest payments(2) Operating leases and other noncancelable commitments Purchase obligations(3) Other liabilities(4) Other Commercial Commitments as of September 28, 2018 Letters of credit Guarantees Payments Due by Period Total $ 7,146,755 143,388 2,110,600 898,370 675,379 Less than 1 year $ 2,290 28,617 304,600 213,439 325,924 $ 1-3 years 70,093 51,598 625,500 190,257 226,636 249,600 $ 11,224,092 34,700 $ 909,570 22,400 $1,186,484 3-5 years $ 548,033 27,335 648,800 136,372 36,656 13,300 $1,410,496 More than 5 years $6,526,339 35,838 531,700 358,302 86,163 179,200 $7,717,542 Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period Total Amounts Committed $ $ 60,166 — 60,166 Less than 1 year $ 60,166 — $ 60,166 $ $ 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years — $ — — $ — $ — — $ — — — (1) (2) Excludes the $58.5 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs and the increase of $12.4 million from the premium on the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024. These amounts represent future interest payments related to our existing debt obligations based on fixed and variable interest rates specified in the associated debt agreements and reflect any current hedging arrangements. Payments related to variable debt are based on applicable rates at September 28, 2018 plus the specified margin in the associated debt agreements for each period presented. The amounts provided relate only to existing debt obligations and do not assume the refinancing or replacement of such debt. The average debt balance for each fiscal year from 2019 through 2024 is $7,065.2 million, $7,059.5 million, $7,024.9 million, $6,807.9 million, $6,572.4 million and $5,226.0 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rate of our existing debt obligations for each fiscal year from 2019 through 2024 is 4.31%, 4.50%, 4.38%, 4.91%, 4.79% and 4.73%, respectively (See Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements for the terms and maturities of existing debt obligations). (3) Represents commitments for capital projects and client contract investments to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which we operate. (4) Includes certain unfunded employee retirement and severance related obligations. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company extended the maturity dates of the Revolving Credit Facility, Yen Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2023 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 to October 1, 2023 (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We have excluded from the table above uncertain tax liabilities due to the uncertainty of the amount and period of payment. As of September 28, 2018, we have gross uncertain tax liabilities of $29.1 million (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). During fiscal 2018, we made contributions totaling $14.0 million into our defined benefit pension plans and benefit payments and settlements of $27.7 million out of these plans. Estimated contributions to our defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2019 are $3.7 million and estimated benefit payments out of these plans in fiscal 2019 are $15.4 million (see Note 7 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We have an agreement (the "Receivables Facility") with three financial institutions where we sell on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, we formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of transferring receivables generated by certain of our subsidiaries. Under the Receivables Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of their accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions. The maximum amount available under the Receivables Facility is $400.0 million, which expires in May 2021. In addition, the Receivables Facility includes a seasonal tranche which will increase the capacity by $100.0 million at certain times of the year. As of September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Receivables Facility. Amounts borrowed under the Receivables Facility fluctuate monthly based on our funding requirements and the level of qualified receivables available to collateralize the Receivables Facility. Our business activities do not include the use of unconsolidated special purpose entities, and there are no significant business transactions that have not been reflected in the accompanying financial statements. We are self-insured for a limited portion of the risk retained under our general liability and workers’ compensation arrangements. Self-insurance reserves are recorded based on actuarial analyses. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. As described in such notes, we recognize sales in the period in which services are provided pursuant to the terms of our contractual relationships with our clients. Sales from direct marketing activities are recognized upon shipment. See Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements for our revenue recognition policy. In preparing our financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that, among other things, affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are most significant where they involve levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or matters susceptible to change, and where they can have a material impact on our financial condition and operating performance. If actual results were to differ materially from the estimates made, the reported results could be materially affected. Asset Impairment Determinations Goodwill, the Aramark trade name and other trade names are primarily indefinite lived intangible assets that are not amortizable and are subject to an impairment test that we conduct annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists. The impairment test may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Examples of qualitative factors include, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, entity-specific events, events affecting reporting units and sustained changes in our stock price. If results of the qualitative assessment indicate a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative test is performed by comparing the estimated fair value using discounted cash flow calculations of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value. The discounted cash flow calculations are dependent on several subjective factors including the timing of future cash flows, future growth rates and the discount rate. If our assumptions or estimates in our fair value calculations change or if future cash flows or future growth rates vary from what was planned, this may impact our impairment analysis. We perform the assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level. Within our FSS International segment, each country or region is evaluated separately since they are relatively autonomous and separate goodwill balances have been recorded for each entity. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we performed an impairment test for goodwill for each of our reporting units using a qualitative testing approach, except for one reporting unit which was tested using the quantitative approach. Based on our evaluation performed, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying amount, and therefore, we determined that goodwill was not impaired. The fair value of the reporting unit in our FSS International segment for which goodwill was tested using the quantitative approach has a goodwill balance of $278.7 million and a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by approximately 27%. With respect to our other long-lived assets, we are required to test for asset impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, we compare the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset, undiscounted and without interest charges, to the asset’s carrying value. If the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset is less than the carrying value, an impairment would be recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. In making future cash flow analyses of various assets, we make assumptions relating to the following: The intended use of assets and the expected future cash flows resulting directly from such use; Comparable market valuations of businesses similar to Aramark's business segments; • • • • • Industry specific economic conditions; Competitor activities and regulatory initiatives; and Client and customer preferences and behavior patterns. 40 41 40 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KThe following table summarizes our future obligations for debt repayments, capital leases, estimated interest payments, future minimum rental and similar commitments under noncancelable operating leases as well as contingent obligations related to outstanding letters of credit and guarantees as of September 28, 2018 (dollars in thousands): Contractual Obligations as of September 28, 2018 Long-term borrowings(1) Capital lease obligations Estimated interest payments(2) Operating leases and other noncancelable commitments Purchase obligations(3) Other liabilities(4) Other Commercial Commitments as of September 28, 2018 Letters of credit Guarantees Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years $ 7,146,755 $ 2,290 $ 70,093 $ 548,033 $6,526,339 143,388 2,110,600 898,370 675,379 249,600 28,617 304,600 213,439 325,924 34,700 51,598 625,500 190,257 226,636 22,400 27,335 648,800 136,372 36,656 13,300 35,838 531,700 358,302 86,163 179,200 $ 11,224,092 $ 909,570 $1,186,484 $1,410,496 $7,717,542 Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period Total Amounts Committed Less than 1 year $ $ 60,166 $ 60,166 — — 60,166 $ 60,166 $ $ 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years — $ — — $ — $ — — $ — — — (1) Excludes the $58.5 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs and the increase of $12.4 million from the premium on the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024. (2) These amounts represent future interest payments related to our existing debt obligations based on fixed and variable interest rates specified in the associated debt agreements and reflect any current hedging arrangements. Payments related to variable debt are based on applicable rates at September 28, 2018 plus the specified margin in the associated debt agreements for each period presented. The amounts provided relate only to existing debt obligations and do not assume the refinancing or replacement of such debt. The average debt balance for each fiscal year from 2019 through 2024 is $7,065.2 million, $7,059.5 million, $7,024.9 million, $6,807.9 million, $6,572.4 million and $5,226.0 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rate of our existing debt obligations for each fiscal year from 2019 through 2024 is 4.31%, 4.50%, 4.38%, 4.91%, 4.79% and 4.73%, respectively (See Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements for the terms and maturities of existing debt obligations). (3) Represents commitments for capital projects and client contract investments to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which we operate. (4) Includes certain unfunded employee retirement and severance related obligations. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company extended the maturity dates of the Revolving Credit Facility, Yen Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2023 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 to October 1, 2023 (see Note 5 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We have excluded from the table above uncertain tax liabilities due to the uncertainty of the amount and period of payment. As of September 28, 2018, we have gross uncertain tax liabilities of $29.1 million (see Note 8 to the audited consolidated financial statements). During fiscal 2018, we made contributions totaling $14.0 million into our defined benefit pension plans and benefit payments and settlements of $27.7 million out of these plans. Estimated contributions to our defined benefit pension plans in fiscal 2019 are $3.7 million and estimated benefit payments out of these plans in fiscal 2019 are $15.4 million (see Note 7 to the audited consolidated financial statements). We have an agreement (the "Receivables Facility") with three financial institutions where we sell on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, we formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of transferring receivables generated by certain of our subsidiaries. Under the Receivables Facility, we and certain of our subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of their accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions. The maximum amount available under the Receivables Facility is $400.0 million, which expires in May 2021. In addition, the Receivables Facility includes a seasonal tranche which will increase the capacity by $100.0 million at certain times of the year. As of September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Receivables Facility. Amounts borrowed under the Receivables Facility fluctuate monthly based on our funding requirements and the level of qualified receivables available to collateralize the Receivables Facility. Our business activities do not include the use of unconsolidated special purpose entities, and there are no significant business transactions that have not been reflected in the accompanying financial statements. We are self-insured for a limited portion of the risk retained under our general liability and workers’ compensation arrangements. Self-insurance reserves are recorded based on actuarial analyses. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. As described in such notes, we recognize sales in the period in which services are provided pursuant to the terms of our contractual relationships with our clients. Sales from direct marketing activities are recognized upon shipment. See Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements for our revenue recognition policy. In preparing our financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that, among other things, affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are most significant where they involve levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or matters susceptible to change, and where they can have a material impact on our financial condition and operating performance. If actual results were to differ materially from the estimates made, the reported results could be materially affected. Asset Impairment Determinations Goodwill, the Aramark trade name and other trade names are primarily indefinite lived intangible assets that are not amortizable and are subject to an impairment test that we conduct annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists. The impairment test may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Examples of qualitative factors include, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, entity-specific events, events affecting reporting units and sustained changes in our stock price. If results of the qualitative assessment indicate a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative test is performed by comparing the estimated fair value using discounted cash flow calculations of each reporting unit with its estimated net book value. The discounted cash flow calculations are dependent on several subjective factors including the timing of future cash flows, future growth rates and the discount rate. If our assumptions or estimates in our fair value calculations change or if future cash flows or future growth rates vary from what was planned, this may impact our impairment analysis. We perform the assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level. Within our FSS International segment, each country or region is evaluated separately since they are relatively autonomous and separate goodwill balances have been recorded for each entity. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we performed an impairment test for goodwill for each of our reporting units using a qualitative testing approach, except for one reporting unit which was tested using the quantitative approach. Based on our evaluation performed, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its respective carrying amount, and therefore, we determined that goodwill was not impaired. The fair value of the reporting unit in our FSS International segment for which goodwill was tested using the quantitative approach has a goodwill balance of $278.7 million and a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by approximately 27%. With respect to our other long-lived assets, we are required to test for asset impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, we compare the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset, undiscounted and without interest charges, to the asset’s carrying value. If the sum of the future expected cash flows from the asset is less than the carrying value, an impairment would be recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. In making future cash flow analyses of various assets, we make assumptions relating to the following: • • • • • The intended use of assets and the expected future cash flows resulting directly from such use; Comparable market valuations of businesses similar to Aramark's business segments; Industry specific economic conditions; Competitor activities and regulatory initiatives; and Client and customer preferences and behavior patterns. 40 41 41 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KWe believe that an accounting estimate relating to asset impairment is a critical accounting estimate because the assumptions underlying future cash flow estimates are subject to change from time to time and the recognition of an impairment could have a significant impact on our consolidated statement of income. New Accounting Standards Updates including the expected dates of adoption. See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting standards updates, Litigation and Claims From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of our businesses, including those brought by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties under, among others, federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breach of contractual and other obligations. We consider the measurement of litigation reserves as a critical accounting estimate because of the significant uncertainty in some cases relating to the outcome of potential claims or litigation and the difficulty of predicting the likelihood and range of potential liability involved, coupled with the material impact on our results of operations that could result from litigation or other claims. In determining legal reserves, we consider, among other issues: • • • • • • interpretation of contractual rights and obligations; the status of government regulatory initiatives, interpretations and investigations; the status of settlement negotiations; prior experience with similar types of claims; whether there is available insurance; and advice of counsel. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We encounter risks associated with sales and the collection of the associated accounts receivable. We record a provision for accounts receivable that are considered to be uncollectible. In order to calculate the appropriate provision, we analyze the creditworthiness of specific customers, aging of customer balances, general and specific industry economic conditions, industry concentrations, such as exposure to small and medium-sized businesses, the non-profit healthcare sector and the automotive, airline and financial services industries, and contractual rights and obligations. The accounting estimate related to the allowance for doubtful accounts is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions used for the allowance can change from time to time and uncollectible accounts could potentially have a material impact on our results of operations. Inventory Obsolescence We record an inventory obsolescence reserve for obsolete, excess and slow-moving inventory, principally in the Uniform segment. In calculating our inventory obsolescence reserve, we analyze historical and projected data regarding customer demand within specific product categories and make assumptions regarding economic conditions within customer specific industries, as well as style and product changes. Our accounting estimate related to inventory obsolescence is a critical accounting estimate because customer demand in certain of our businesses can be variable and changes in our reserve for inventory obsolescence could materially affect our results of operations. Income Taxes We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. We make assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the current income tax provision, deferred tax asset and liabilities and valuation allowance recorded against a deferred tax asset. The assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the current income tax provision take into account current tax laws, their interpretation and possible results of foreign and domestic tax audits. Changes in tax law, their interpretation and resolution of tax audits could significantly impact the income taxes provided in our consolidated financial statements. Assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the amount of deferred income taxes take into account future taxable income. Any of the assumptions, judgments and estimates mentioned above could cause the actual income tax obligations to differ from our estimates. Critical accounting estimates and the related assumptions are evaluated periodically as conditions warrant, and changes to such estimates are recorded as new information or changed conditions require. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and manage this exposure through the use of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt and by utilizing interest rate swaps. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The information below summarizes our market risks associated with debt obligations and other significant financial instruments as of September 28, 2018 (see Notes 5 and 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Fair values were computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related interest rates by contractual fiscal year of maturity. Variable interest rates disclosed represent the weighted-average rates of the portfolio at September 28, 2018. For interest rate swaps, the table presents the notional amounts and related weighted-average interest rates by fiscal year of maturity. The variable rates presented are the average forward rates for the term of each contract. (US$ equivalent in millions) Expected Fiscal Year of Maturity As of September 28, 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Fair Value Debt: Fixed rate Average interest rate Variable rate Average interest rate Interest Rate Swaps: $ $ 29 5.0% 2 16.3% $ $ $ $ 5.0% 31 12 3.1% 5.0% 21 58 2.9% $ 14 (a) $ 453 5.0% 3.0% $ $ 5.0% 13 95 3.4% $ 3,564 $ 3,672 3,676 4.8% 4.8% $ 2,998 $ 3,618 3,627 4.1% 3.9% $ $ $ Receive variable/pay fixed $ 575 $ 425 $ — $ — $ 1,550 $ — $ 2,550 56 Average pay rate Average receive rate 1.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% —% —% —% —% 2.1% 2.2% (a) As of September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Receivables Facility due 2021. As of September 28, 2018, the Company had foreign currency forward exchange contracts outstanding with notional amounts of €59.0 million, £4.5 million and CAD 20.0 million to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on short- term intercompany loans to certain international subsidiaries. As of September 28, 2018, the fair value of these foreign exchange contracts is $0.2 million, which is included in "Prepayments and Other Current Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company entered into a series of pay fixed/receive floating gasoline and diesel fuel agreements based on the Department of Energy weekly retail on-highway index in order to limit its exposure to price fluctuations for gasoline and diesel fuel. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has contracts for approximately 15.4 million gallons outstanding through fiscal 2019. As of September 28, 2018, the fair value of the Company’s gasoline and diesel fuel hedge agreements is $3.6 million, which is included in "Prepayments and Other Current Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data See Financial Statements and Schedule beginning on page S-1. Item 9. Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Not applicable. 42 43 42 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KWe believe that an accounting estimate relating to asset impairment is a critical accounting estimate because the assumptions underlying future cash flow estimates are subject to change from time to time and the recognition of an impairment could have a significant impact on our consolidated statement of income. Litigation and Claims From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of our businesses, including those brought by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties under, among others, federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti-corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breach of contractual and other obligations. We consider the measurement of litigation reserves as a critical accounting estimate because of the significant uncertainty in some cases relating to the outcome of potential claims or litigation and the difficulty of predicting the likelihood and range of potential liability involved, coupled with the material impact on our results of operations that could result from litigation or other claims. In determining legal reserves, we consider, among other issues: interpretation of contractual rights and obligations; the status of government regulatory initiatives, interpretations and investigations; • • • • • • the status of settlement negotiations; prior experience with similar types of claims; whether there is available insurance; and advice of counsel. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We encounter risks associated with sales and the collection of the associated accounts receivable. We record a provision for accounts receivable that are considered to be uncollectible. In order to calculate the appropriate provision, we analyze the creditworthiness of specific customers, aging of customer balances, general and specific industry economic conditions, industry concentrations, such as exposure to small and medium-sized businesses, the non-profit healthcare sector and the automotive, airline and financial services industries, and contractual rights and obligations. The accounting estimate related to the allowance for doubtful accounts is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions used for the allowance can change from time to time and uncollectible accounts could potentially have a material impact on our results of operations. Inventory Obsolescence We record an inventory obsolescence reserve for obsolete, excess and slow-moving inventory, principally in the Uniform segment. In calculating our inventory obsolescence reserve, we analyze historical and projected data regarding customer demand within specific product categories and make assumptions regarding economic conditions within customer specific industries, as well as style and product changes. Our accounting estimate related to inventory obsolescence is a critical accounting estimate because customer demand in certain of our businesses can be variable and changes in our reserve for inventory obsolescence could materially affect our results of operations. Income Taxes We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. We make assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the current income tax provision, deferred tax asset and liabilities and valuation allowance recorded against a deferred tax asset. The assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the current income tax provision take into account current tax laws, their interpretation and possible results of foreign and domestic tax audits. Changes in tax law, their interpretation and resolution of tax audits could significantly impact the income taxes provided in our consolidated financial statements. Assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to the amount of deferred income taxes take into account future taxable income. Any of the assumptions, judgments and estimates mentioned above could cause the actual income tax obligations to differ from our estimates. Critical accounting estimates and the related assumptions are evaluated periodically as conditions warrant, and changes to such estimates are recorded as new information or changed conditions require. New Accounting Standards Updates See Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting standards updates, including the expected dates of adoption. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and manage this exposure through the use of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt and by utilizing interest rate swaps. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The information below summarizes our market risks associated with debt obligations and other significant financial instruments as of September 28, 2018 (see Notes 5 and 6 to the audited consolidated financial statements). Fair values were computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related interest rates by contractual fiscal year of maturity. Variable interest rates disclosed represent the weighted-average rates of the portfolio at September 28, 2018. For interest rate swaps, the table presents the notional amounts and related weighted-average interest rates by fiscal year of maturity. The variable rates presented are the average forward rates for the term of each contract. (US$ equivalent in millions) Expected Fiscal Year of Maturity As of September 28, 2018 Debt: Fixed rate Average interest rate Variable rate Average interest rate Interest Rate Swaps: Receive variable/pay fixed Average pay rate Average receive rate 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Fair Value $ $ 29 5.0% 2 16.3% $ $ 31 5.0% 12 3.1% $ $ 21 5.0% 58 2.9% $ 14 5.0% (a) $ 453 $ $ 3.0% 13 5.0% 95 3.4% $ 3,564 $ 3,672 4.8% 4.8% $ 2,998 $ 3,618 4.1% 3.9% $ 575 $ 425 $ — $ — $ 1,550 $ — $ 2,550 1.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% —% —% —% —% 2.1% 2.2% $ $ $ 3,676 3,627 56 (a) As of September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Receivables Facility due 2021. As of September 28, 2018, the Company had foreign currency forward exchange contracts outstanding with notional amounts of €59.0 million, £4.5 million and CAD 20.0 million to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on short- term intercompany loans to certain international subsidiaries. As of September 28, 2018, the fair value of these foreign exchange contracts is $0.2 million, which is included in "Prepayments and Other Current Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company entered into a series of pay fixed/receive floating gasoline and diesel fuel agreements based on the Department of Energy weekly retail on-highway index in order to limit its exposure to price fluctuations for gasoline and diesel fuel. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has contracts for approximately 15.4 million gallons outstanding through fiscal 2019. As of September 28, 2018, the fair value of the Company’s gasoline and diesel fuel hedge agreements is $3.6 million, which is included in "Prepayments and Other Current Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data See Financial Statements and Schedule beginning on page S-1. Item 9. Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Not applicable. 42 43 43 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 9A. Controls and Procedures (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As discussed in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, we completed our acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride on December 11, 2017 and January 19, 2018, respectively. As part of our post-closing integration activities, we are engaged in the process of assessing the internal controls of Avendra and AmeriPride. As permitted by interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, management has excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra and AmeriPride from the evaluation of the Company’s effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of September 28, 2018. As set forth in more detail in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, total assets of Avendra and AmeriPride as of September 28, 2018, excluding the identified intangible assets and goodwill, were $93.4 million and $396.2 million, respectively. A controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. (b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based upon criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As permitted by interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, management has excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra and AmeriPride from the evaluation of the Company’s effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018. Based on that evaluation, the Company's management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 28, 2018. The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018 has been audited by KPMG LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report that is included herein on the following page. (c) Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Other than the acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride, no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the Company’s fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Aramark: Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited Aramark and subsidiaries (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated November 21, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company acquired Avendra LLC during December 2017 and AmeriPride Services Inc. during January 2018, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, Avendra LLC's internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $93.4 million and total revenues of $121.0 million and AmeriPride Services Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $396.2 million and total revenues of $401.2 million included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended September 28, 2018. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra LLC and AmeriPride Services Inc. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ KPMG LLP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 21, 2018 44 45 44 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 9A. Controls and Procedures (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As discussed in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, we completed our acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride on December 11, 2017 and January 19, 2018, respectively. As part of our post-closing integration activities, we are engaged in the process of assessing the internal controls of Avendra and AmeriPride. As permitted by interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, management has excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra and AmeriPride from the evaluation of the Company’s effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of September 28, 2018. As set forth in more detail in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, total assets of Avendra and AmeriPride as of September 28, 2018, excluding the identified intangible assets and goodwill, were $93.4 million and $396.2 million, respectively. A controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. (b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based upon criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As permitted by interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, management has excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra and AmeriPride from the evaluation of the Company’s effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018. Based on that evaluation, the Company's management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 28, 2018. The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018 has been audited by KPMG LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report that is included herein on the following page. (c) Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Other than the acquisitions of Avendra and AmeriPride, no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the Company’s fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Aramark: Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited Aramark and subsidiaries (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated November 21, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company acquired Avendra LLC during December 2017 and AmeriPride Services Inc. during January 2018, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, Avendra LLC's internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $93.4 million and total revenues of $121.0 million and AmeriPride Services Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $396.2 million and total revenues of $401.2 million included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended September 28, 2018. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Avendra LLC and AmeriPride Services Inc. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ KPMG LLP Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 21, 2018 44 45 45 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 9B. Other Information Not applicable. PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Information about our directors and persons nominated to become directors required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about our executive officers is included under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this report and incorporated herein. Information on beneficial ownership reporting required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. We have a Business Conduct Policy that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.aramark.com. A copy of our Business Conduct Policy may be obtained free of charge by writing to Investor Relations, Aramark, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Our Business Conduct Policy contains a "code of ethics," as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. Please note that our website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics on our website. The remaining information required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Board Committees and Meetings" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation Information required by Item 11 will be included under the caption "Compensation Matters" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information required by Item 12 will be included under the captions "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Director Independence and Independence Determinations" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Information required by Item 14 will be included under the caption "Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. 46 46 47 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KPART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Information about our directors and persons nominated to become directors required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about our executive officers is included under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this report and incorporated herein. Information on beneficial ownership reporting required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. We have a Business Conduct Policy that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.aramark.com. A copy of our Business Conduct Policy may be obtained free of charge by writing to Investor Relations, Aramark, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Our Business Conduct Policy contains a "code of ethics," as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. Please note that our website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics on our website. The remaining information required by Item 10 will be included under the caption "Board Committees and Meetings" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation Information required by Item 11 will be included under the caption "Compensation Matters" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information required by Item 12 will be included under the captions "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Director Independence and Independence Determinations" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Information required by Item 14 will be included under the caption "Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. 47 47 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KPART IV SIGNATURES Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Financial Statements See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1 and the Exhibit Index. (b) Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K See the Exhibit Index which is incorporated herein by reference. (c) Financial Statement Schedules See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on November 21, 2018. Aramark By: Name: Title: /s/ STEPHEN P. BRAMLAGE, JR. Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 21, 2018. Name /s/ ERIC J. FOSS Eric J. Foss Capacity Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ STEPHEN P. BRAMLAGE, JR. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ BRIAN P. PRESSLER Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer Brian P. Pressler (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ PIERRE-OLIVIER BECKERS-VIEUJANT Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant /s/ LISA G. BISACCIA Lisa G. Bisaccia /s/ CALVIN DARDEN Calvin Darden /s/ RICHARD W. DREILING Richard W. Dreiling /s/ IRENE M. ESTEVES Irene M. Esteves /s/ DANIEL J. HEINRICH Daniel J. Heinrich /s/ SANJEEV K. MEHRA Sanjeev K. Mehra /s/ PATRICIA B. MORRISON Patricia B. Morrison /s/ JOHN A. QUELCH John A. Quelch /s/ STEPHEN I. SADOVE Stephen I. Sadove Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 48 49 48 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KItem 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Financial Statements See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1 and the Exhibit Index. (b) Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K See the Exhibit Index which is incorporated herein by reference. (c) Financial Statement Schedules See Index to Financial Statements and Schedule at page S-1. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. PART IV SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on November 21, 2018. Aramark By: Name: Title: /s/ STEPHEN P. BRAMLAGE, JR. Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on November 21, 2018. Name /s/ ERIC J. FOSS Eric J. Foss Capacity Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ STEPHEN P. BRAMLAGE, JR. Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ BRIAN P. PRESSLER Brian P. Pressler Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ PIERRE-OLIVIER BECKERS-VIEUJANT Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant /s/ LISA G. BISACCIA Lisa G. Bisaccia /s/ CALVIN DARDEN Calvin Darden /s/ RICHARD W. DREILING Richard W. Dreiling /s/ IRENE M. ESTEVES Irene M. Esteves /s/ DANIEL J. HEINRICH Daniel J. Heinrich /s/ SANJEEV K. MEHRA Sanjeev K. Mehra /s/ PATRICIA B. MORRISON Patricia B. Morrison /s/ JOHN A. QUELCH John A. Quelch /s/ STEPHEN I. SADOVE Stephen I. Sadove Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 48 49 49 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Page Aramark: To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-54 All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto. internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Aramark and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 and the related notes and the financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated November 21, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 21, 2018 S-1 S-2 S-1 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Page Aramark: To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-54 All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto. Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Aramark and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 and the related notes and the financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated November 21, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 21, 2018 S-1 S-2 S-2 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS SEPTEMBER 28, 2018 AND SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 (in thousands, except share amounts) FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (in thousands, except per share data) Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes Net income Earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders: Weighted Average Shares Outstanding: Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 15,789,633 $ 14,604,412 $ 14,415,829 13,990,185 12,988,973 12,890,408 14,963,496 13,796,355 13,669,515 596,182 377,129 826,137 354,261 471,876 (96,564) 568,440 555 508,212 299,170 808,057 287,415 520,642 146,455 374,187 264 2.31 2.24 $ $ 1.53 1.49 $ $ 245,771 253,352 244,453 251,557 495,765 283,342 746,314 315,383 430,931 142,699 288,232 426 287,806 1.19 1.16 242,286 248,763 $ $ $ Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders 567,885 $ 373,923 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. Current Assets: ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Receivables (less allowances: 2018 - $52,682; 2017 - $53,416) Inventories Prepayments and other current assets Total current assets Property and Equipment, at cost: Land, buildings and improvements Service equipment and fixtures Less - Accumulated depreciation Goodwill Other Intangible Assets Other Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued payroll and related expenses Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-Term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Stockholders' Equity: Common stock, par value $.01 (authorized: 600,000,000 shares; issued: 2018—279,314,297 shares and 2017—277,111,042; and outstanding: 2018—246,744,438 shares and 2017—245,593,961 shares) Capital surplus Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock (shares held in treasury: 2018—32,569,859 shares and 2017—31,517,081 shares) Total stockholders' equity September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ $ $ $ $ 215,025 1,790,433 724,802 171,165 2,901,425 901,874 2,296,331 3,198,205 (1,820,111) 1,378,094 5,610,568 2,136,844 1,693,171 13,720,102 30,907 1,018,920 422,299 1,018,033 2,490,159 7,213,077 977,215 10,093 238,797 1,615,993 610,732 187,617 2,653,139 673,616 2,003,177 2,676,793 (1,634,762) 1,042,031 4,715,511 1,120,824 1,474,724 11,006,229 78,157 955,925 487,573 846,440 2,368,095 5,190,331 978,944 9,798 2,793 3,132,421 710,519 (91,223) 2,771 3,014,546 247,050 (123,760) (724,952) 3,029,558 13,720,102 $ (681,546) 2,459,061 11,006,229 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. S-3 S-4 S-3 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KCurrent Assets: ASSETS Inventories Prepayments and other current assets Total current assets Property and Equipment, at cost: Land, buildings and improvements Service equipment and fixtures Goodwill Other Intangible Assets Other Assets Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued payroll and related expenses Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-Term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Stockholders' Equity: 1,790,433 724,802 171,165 2,901,425 901,874 2,296,331 3,198,205 1,378,094 5,610,568 2,136,844 1,693,171 1,018,920 422,299 1,018,033 2,490,159 7,213,077 977,215 10,093 2,793 3,132,421 710,519 (91,223) (724,952) 3,029,558 238,797 1,615,993 610,732 187,617 2,653,139 673,616 2,003,177 2,676,793 1,042,031 4,715,511 1,120,824 1,474,724 78,157 955,925 487,573 846,440 2,368,095 5,190,331 978,944 9,798 2,771 3,014,546 247,050 (123,760) (681,546) 2,459,061 Common stock, par value $.01 (authorized: 600,000,000 shares; issued: 2018—279,314,297 shares and 2017—277,111,042; and outstanding: 2018—246,744,438 shares and 2017—245,593,961 shares) Capital surplus Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock (shares held in treasury: 2018—32,569,859 shares and 2017—31,517,081 shares) Total stockholders' equity The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. $ 13,720,102 $ 11,006,229 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS SEPTEMBER 28, 2018 AND SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 (in thousands, except share amounts) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 (in thousands, except per share data) Cash and cash equivalents $ 215,025 $ Receivables (less allowances: 2018 - $52,682; 2017 - $53,416) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Operating income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes Less - Accumulated depreciation (1,820,111) (1,634,762) LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current maturities of long-term borrowings 30,907 $ 13,720,102 $ 11,006,229 $ $ Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Earnings per share attributable to Aramark stockholders: Basic Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding: Basic Diluted $ $ $ Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 15,789,633 $ September 29, 2017 14,604,412 $ September 30, 2016 14,415,829 $ 13,990,185 596,182 377,129 14,963,496 826,137 354,261 471,876 (96,564) 568,440 555 567,885 2.31 2.24 245,771 253,352 $ $ $ 12,988,973 508,212 299,170 13,796,355 808,057 287,415 520,642 146,455 374,187 264 373,923 1.53 1.49 244,453 251,557 $ $ $ 12,890,408 495,765 283,342 13,669,515 746,314 315,383 430,931 142,699 288,232 426 287,806 1.19 1.16 242,286 248,763 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. S-3 S-4 S-4 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 (in thousands) (in thousands) Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 568,440 $ September 29, 2017 374,187 $ September 30, 2016 288,232 $ Net income Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Pension plan adjustments Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges: Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period Reclassification adjustments Share of equity investee's comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ 20,647 (31,253) 39,311 3,675 157 32,537 600,977 555 600,422 $ 19,992 5,903 19,449 10,130 1,549 57,023 431,210 264 430,946 $ (24,670) 3,080 (8,426) 21,184 (5,383) (14,215) 274,017 426 273,591 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Deferred income taxes Share-based compensation expense Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts Receivable Inventories Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses Prepayments and Other Current Assets Changes in other noncurrent liabilities Changes in other assets Other operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisition of certain businesses, net of cash acquired Working capital other than cash acquired Property and equipment Additions to goodwill, other intangible assets and other assets, net Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ 568,440 $ 374,187 $ 288,232 596,182 (104,289) 88,276 (45,891) (40,187) 42,450 26,658 (111,386) 1,576 (2,225) 27,747 (628,604) 10,491 37,985 (283,447) (1,994,822) (6,879) (2,865,276) 3,177,313 (973,689) (254,200) (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (49,253) 1,794,153 (23,772) 238,797 508,212 (37,856) 65,155 (111,423) (21,147) 95,536 93,965 26,804 31,959 (9,342) 37,337 (552,729) 18,906 8,114 (2,273) (147,963) (2,539) (678,484) 3,851,417 (3,911,992) (13,800) (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (42,277) (288,686) 86,217 152,580 495,765 52,416 56,942 (32,859) (9,625) (64,663) 4,486 67,600 (33,711) (10,189) 52,920 867,314 (512,532) 26,824 10,226 (32,989) (176,614) 5,340 (679,745) 1,399,988 (1,363,534) (82,000) (92,074) 35,705 (749) (54,741) (157,405) 30,164 122,416 152,580 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. $ 215,025 $ 238,797 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 1,047,351 1,053,387 S-5 S-6 S-5 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 (in thousands) (in thousands) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ 568,440 $ 374,187 $ 288,232 Net income Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Pension plan adjustments Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges: Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period Reclassification adjustments Share of equity investee's comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 568,440 $ 374,187 $ 288,232 20,647 (31,253) 39,311 3,675 157 32,537 600,977 555 19,992 5,903 19,449 10,130 1,549 57,023 431,210 264 (24,670) 3,080 (8,426) 21,184 (5,383) (14,215) 274,017 426 273,591 Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ 600,422 $ 430,946 $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Deferred income taxes Share-based compensation expense Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts Receivable Inventories Prepayments and Other Current Assets Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses Changes in other noncurrent liabilities Changes in other assets Other operating activities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisition of certain businesses, net of cash acquired Working capital other than cash acquired Property and equipment Additions to goodwill, other intangible assets and other assets, net Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 596,182 (104,289) 88,276 (45,891) (40,187) 42,450 26,658 (111,386) 1,576 (2,225) 27,747 508,212 (37,856) 65,155 (111,423) (21,147) 95,536 93,965 26,804 31,959 (9,342) 37,337 1,047,351 1,053,387 (628,604) 10,491 37,985 (283,447) (1,994,822) (6,879) (2,865,276) 3,177,313 (973,689) (254,200) (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (49,253) 1,794,153 (23,772) 238,797 (552,729) 18,906 8,114 (2,273) (147,963) (2,539) (678,484) 3,851,417 (3,911,992) (13,800) (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (42,277) (288,686) 86,217 152,580 $ 215,025 $ 238,797 $ S-5 S-6 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 495,765 52,416 56,942 (32,859) (9,625) (64,663) 4,486 67,600 (33,711) (10,189) 52,920 867,314 (512,532) 26,824 10,226 (32,989) (176,614) 5,340 (679,745) 1,399,988 (1,363,534) (82,000) (92,074) 35,705 (749) (54,741) (157,405) 30,164 122,416 152,580 S-6 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 (in thousands) Balance, October 2, 2015 $ 1,883,359 $ 2,666 $ 2,784,730 $ (228,641) $ (166,568) $ (508,828) Total Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings / (Accumulated Deficit) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Treasury Stock Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income (loss) Capital contributions from issuance of common stock Share-based compensation expense Tax benefits related to stock incentive plans Repurchases of Common Stock Payments of dividends 287,806 (14,215) 48,156 56,942 31,957 (40,056) (92,943) 60 48,096 56,942 31,957 Balance, September 30, 2016 $ 2,161,006 $ 2,726 $ 2,921,725 $ 287,806 (14,215) (40,056) (92,943) (33,778) $ (180,783) $ (548,884) $ (8,013) 9,142 373,923 45 35,679 65,155 57,023 GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Adoption of new accounting standard Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income (loss) Capital contributions from issuance of common stock Share-based compensation expense Repurchases of Common Stock Payments of dividends 1,129 373,923 57,023 35,724 65,155 (132,662) (102,237) Balance, September 29, 2017 $ 2,459,061 $ 2,771 $ 3,014,546 $ Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income (loss) Capital contributions from issuance of common stock Share-based compensation expense Repurchases of Common Stock Payments of dividends 567,885 32,537 29,621 88,276 (43,406) (104,416) 22 29,599 88,276 Balance, September 28, 2018 $ 3,029,558 $ 2,793 $ 3,132,421 $ (132,662) $ (123,760) $ (681,546) (102,237) 247,050 567,885 32,537 (43,406) (104,416) 710,519 $ (91,223) $ (724,952) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. S-7 S-7 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: Aramark (the "Company") is a leading global provider of food, facilities and uniform services to education, healthcare, business & industry, and sports, leisure & corrections clients. The Company's core market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 18-country footprint. The Company operates its business in three reportable segments that share many of the same operating characteristics: • Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities. See Note 14 for further discussion over the FSS United States reporting segment reclassification and name change. • • Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities. Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform") - Provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. Directly markets personalized uniforms and accessories, provides managed restroom services and rents uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling financial interest is maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. The Company's fiscal year is the fifty-two or fifty-three week period which ends on the Friday nearest September 30th. The fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016 were each fifty-two week periods. Fiscal Year New Accounting Standards Updates Adopted Standards In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update ("ASU") to change the accounting for costs incurred to implement cloud computing arrangements to be consistent with the internal-use software guidance. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, using the prospective method, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and simplify the application of hedge accounting. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, using the modified retrospective method as if the Company had adopted the standard as of the beginning of fiscal 2018. The guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill as part of the impairment test. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to require entities to recognize the income tax consequences of certain intercompany assets transfers at the transaction date. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early S-8 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: Aramark (the "Company") is a leading global provider of food, facilities and uniform services to education, healthcare, business & industry, and sports, leisure & corrections clients. The Company's core market is the United States, which is supplemented by an additional 18-country footprint. The Company operates its business in three reportable segments that share many of the same operating characteristics: • • • Food and Support Services United States ("FSS United States") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities. See Note 14 for further discussion over the FSS United States reporting segment reclassification and name change. Food and Support Services International ("FSS International") - Food, refreshment, specialized dietary and support services, including facility maintenance and housekeeping, provided to business, educational and healthcare institutions and in sports, leisure and other facilities. Uniform and Career Apparel ("Uniform") - Provides a full service employee uniform solution, including design, sourcing and manufacturing, delivery, cleaning and maintenance on a contract basis. Directly markets personalized uniforms and accessories, provides managed restroom services and rents uniforms, work clothing, outerwear, particulate-free garments and non-garment items and related services, including mats, shop towels and first aid supplies, to clients in a wide range of industries in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and through a joint venture in Japan, including the manufacturing, transportation, construction, restaurants and hotels, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling financial interest is maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Fiscal Year The Company's fiscal year is the fifty-two or fifty-three week period which ends on the Friday nearest September 30th. The fiscal years ended September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017, September 30, 2016 were each fifty-two week periods. New Accounting Standards Updates Adopted Standards In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update ("ASU") to change the accounting for costs incurred to implement cloud computing arrangements to be consistent with the internal-use software guidance. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, using the prospective method, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and simplify the application of hedge accounting. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, using the modified retrospective method as if the Company had adopted the standard as of the beginning of fiscal 2018. The guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill as part of the impairment test. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to require entities to recognize the income tax consequences of certain intercompany assets transfers at the transaction date. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early S-8 S-8 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to address the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the Statement of Cash Flows. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued an ASU which changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. Standards Not Yet Adopted (from most to least recent date of issuance) In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which adds, modifies and removes several disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension plans. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which adds, modifies and removes several disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In July 2018, the FASB issued two ASUs regarding the lease recognition standard. The guidance provides clarification on issues identified regarding the adoption of the standard, provides an additional transition method to adopt the standard and provides an additional practical expedient to lessors. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In July 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which clarifies, corrects errors in or makes minor improvements to the Codification. The guidance is effective for the Company either upon issuance or in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, depending on the amendment. There was no impact on the consolidated financial statements related to the amendments that were effective upon issuance of the guidance and the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the remaining amendments of the pronouncement. In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which provides clarification regarding guidance related to the financial instrument standard. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the financial instrument standard, as described below. In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In September 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide additional implementation guidance with respect to the revenue recognition standard (see below) and the leases recognition standard. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 with respect to the revenue recognition standard and in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 with respect to the lease recognition standard. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the revenue recognition standard and the lease recognition standard, both as described below. In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the determination of the customer of the operation services in a service concession arrangement. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the revenue recognition standard, as described below. In March 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company expects adoption of this standard to result in no impact to net income. However, certain balances will be reclassified from Cost of Services Provided to Interest and Other Financing Costs, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. In February 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the accounting guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption to impact the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to require entities to account for expected credit losses on financial instruments including trade receivables. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets and to disclose key information about lease arrangements. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company continues to review its lease arrangements in order to determine the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Based on the assessment to date, the Company expects adoption of this standard to result in a material increase in lease-related assets and liabilities in its Consolidated Balance Sheets, but does not expect it to have a significant impact in its Consolidated Statements of Income or Cash Flows. In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Under this guidance, equity investments, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee, are to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and will be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with a cumulative transition adjustment recorded to retained earnings. The Company has a cost method investment that it is studying to determine if a write up to fair value is warranted. In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU on revenue from contracts with customers which supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. Additionally, the standard requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and the Company plans to adopt the ASU then. In connection with the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company has completed its comprehensive contract review project, including contracts relating to its recent acquisitions, and an evaluation of the standard's impact on the timing and presentation of various financial aspects of its contractual arrangements. While the Company expects that the standard will not have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition or net income, it will have an impact on the financial statement line item classification of certain items. Upon adoption of the new standard, the following changes are expected to occur: • • • certain fees, estimated to be approximately $375.0 million annually, in the Uniform segment, currently recognized as a reduction to “Cost of services provided,” will be recognized in “Sales;” costs to obtain contracts related to employee commissions, currently expensed to “Cost of service provided” at contract inception, will be capitalized in “Other Assets” and expensed on a straight-line basis to “Cost of services provided” over the expected customer relationship period; and client contract investments, currently capitalized within “Other Assets” and amortized to “Depreciation and amortization” will continue to be expensed over the contract life as either a leasehold improvement in “Property and equipment, net” (approximately $760.0 million as of September 28, 2018) or as an “Other Asset” (approximately $265.0 million as of September 28, 2018) and primarily classified in “Depreciation and amortization” or "Cost of services provided." The Company identified and is implementing appropriate changes to business processes, controls and systems to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard. The Company will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective transition method, resulting in the recognition of an estimated cumulative transition adjustment, net of tax, between $75.0 million and $100.0 million to retained earnings effective as of September 29, 2018. The adjustment to retained earnings will reflect the unwinding of previously recognized costs to obtain contracts, along with the associated deferred tax impact from the unwinding of these costs. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the fee is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. In each of the Company's operating segments, sales are recognized in the period in which services are provided pursuant to the terms of the Company's contractual relationships with its clients. The Company generally records sales on food and support services contracts (both profit and loss contracts and client interest contracts) on a gross basis as the Company is the primary obligor and service provider. Certain profit and loss contracts include payments to the client, typically calculated as a fixed or variable percentage of various categories of sales and income. In some cases these contracts require minimum guaranteed payments, typically contingent on certain future events. These expenses are currently recorded in “Cost of services provided.” Sales from client interest contracts are generally comprised of amounts billed to clients for food, labor and other costs that the Company incurs, controls and pays for. Sales from these contracts also include any associated management fees, client S-9 S-9 S-10 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to address the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the Statement of Cash Flows. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued an ASU which changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, which did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. Standards Not Yet Adopted (from most to least recent date of issuance) In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which adds, modifies and removes several disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension plans. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which adds, modifies and removes several disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In July 2018, the FASB issued two ASUs regarding the lease recognition standard. The guidance provides clarification on issues identified regarding the adoption of the standard, provides an additional transition method to adopt the standard and provides an additional practical expedient to lessors. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In July 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which clarifies, corrects errors in or makes minor improvements to the Codification. The guidance is effective for the Company either upon issuance or in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, depending on the amendment. There was no impact on the consolidated financial statements related to the amendments that were effective upon issuance of the guidance and the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the remaining amendments of the pronouncement. In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which provides clarification regarding guidance related to the financial instrument standard. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the financial instrument standard, as described below. In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU which allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In September 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to provide additional implementation guidance with respect to the revenue recognition standard (see below) and the leases recognition standard. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 with respect to the revenue recognition standard and in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 with respect to the lease recognition standard. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the revenue recognition standard and the lease recognition standard, both as described below. In May 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the determination of the customer of the operation services in a service concession arrangement. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in conjunction with the revenue recognition standard, as described below. In March 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company expects adoption of this standard to result in no impact to net income. However, certain balances will be reclassified from Cost of Services Provided to Interest and Other Financing Costs, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. In February 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the accounting guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption to impact the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the definition of a business. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to require entities to account for expected credit losses on financial instruments including trade receivables. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pronouncement. In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets and to disclose key information about lease arrangements. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company continues to review its lease arrangements in order to determine the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Based on the assessment to date, the Company expects adoption of this standard to result in a material increase in lease-related assets and liabilities in its Consolidated Balance Sheets, but does not expect it to have a significant impact in its Consolidated Statements of Income or Cash Flows. In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. Under this guidance, equity investments, other than those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee, are to be measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in net income. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and will be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with a cumulative transition adjustment recorded to retained earnings. The Company has a cost method investment that it is studying to determine if a write up to fair value is warranted. In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU on revenue from contracts with customers which supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. Additionally, the standard requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and the Company plans to adopt the ASU then. In connection with the new revenue recognition guidance, the Company has completed its comprehensive contract review project, including contracts relating to its recent acquisitions, and an evaluation of the standard's impact on the timing and presentation of various financial aspects of its contractual arrangements. While the Company expects that the standard will not have a material impact on the timing of revenue recognition or net income, it will have an impact on the financial statement line item classification of certain items. Upon adoption of the new standard, the following changes are expected to occur: • • • certain fees, estimated to be approximately $375.0 million annually, in the Uniform segment, currently recognized as a reduction to “Cost of services provided,” will be recognized in “Sales;” costs to obtain contracts related to employee commissions, currently expensed to “Cost of service provided” at contract inception, will be capitalized in “Other Assets” and expensed on a straight-line basis to “Cost of services provided” over the expected customer relationship period; and client contract investments, currently capitalized within “Other Assets” and amortized to “Depreciation and amortization” will continue to be expensed over the contract life as either a leasehold improvement in “Property and equipment, net” (approximately $760.0 million as of September 28, 2018) or as an “Other Asset” (approximately $265.0 million as of September 28, 2018) and primarily classified in “Depreciation and amortization” or "Cost of services provided." The Company identified and is implementing appropriate changes to business processes, controls and systems to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard. The Company will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective transition method, resulting in the recognition of an estimated cumulative transition adjustment, net of tax, between $75.0 million and $100.0 million to retained earnings effective as of September 29, 2018. The adjustment to retained earnings will reflect the unwinding of previously recognized costs to obtain contracts, along with the associated deferred tax impact from the unwinding of these costs. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the fee is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. In each of the Company's operating segments, sales are recognized in the period in which services are provided pursuant to the terms of the Company's contractual relationships with its clients. The Company generally records sales on food and support services contracts (both profit and loss contracts and client interest contracts) on a gross basis as the Company is the primary obligor and service provider. Certain profit and loss contracts include payments to the client, typically calculated as a fixed or variable percentage of various categories of sales and income. In some cases these contracts require minimum guaranteed payments, typically contingent on certain future events. These expenses are currently recorded in “Cost of services provided.” Sales from client interest contracts are generally comprised of amounts billed to clients for food, labor and other costs that the Company incurs, controls and pays for. Sales from these contracts also include any associated management fees, client S-9 S-10 S-10 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS subsidies or incentive fees based upon the Company's performance under the contract. Sales from direct marketing activities are recognized upon shipment. All sales related taxes are presented on a net basis. Advanced payments received from clients are reflected as deferred income within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.” Deferred income is recognized in “Sales” over the period of expected benefit, as the related services are provided. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records an accounts receivable balance when revenue is recognized prior to or at the time of invoicing the customer. A majority of the Company’s receivables balances are based on contracts with customers. The Company estimates and reserves for its bad debt exposure based on its experience with past due accounts and collectibility, the aging of accounts receivable and its analysis of customer data. Bad debt expense is classified within “Cost of services provided.” Vendor Consideration Consideration received from vendors includes rebates, allowances and volume discounts and are accounted for as an adjustment to the cost of the vendors' products or services and are reported as a reduction of "Cost of services provided," "Inventory," or "Property and equipment, net." Income from rebates, allowances and volume discounts is recognized based on actual purchases in the fiscal period relative to total actual purchases to be made for the contractual rebate period agreed to with the vendor. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to “Inventory” held at the balance sheet date are deducted from the carrying value of these inventories. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to "Property and equipment, net" are deducted from the costs capitalized. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, there will be no significant changes to the accounting for vendor consideration. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income includes all changes to stockholders' equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. Components of comprehensive income include net income (loss), changes in foreign currency translation adjustments (net of tax), pension plan adjustments (net of tax), changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges (net of tax) and changes to the share of any equity investees' comprehensive income (net of tax). ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The summary of the components of comprehensive income is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect After- Tax Amount $ 374,187 After- Tax Amount $ 288,232 After- Tax Amount $568,440 Pension plan adjustments 29,650 (9,003) 20,647 22,548 (2,556) 19,992 (37,957) 13,287 (24,670) (31,003) (250) (31,253) 5,903 — 5,903 18,547 (15,467) 3,080 Net income Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges: Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period Reclassification adjustments Share of equity investee's comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders 55,445 (16,134) 39,311 31,884 (12,435) 19,449 (23,437) 15,011 (8,426) 5,185 (1,510) 3,675 16,606 (6,476) 10,130 34,861 (13,677) 21,184 157 — 157 2,383 (834) 1,549 (8,282) 2,899 (5,383) 59,434 (26,897) 32,537 79,324 (22,301) 57,023 (16,268) 2,053 (14,215) 600,977 555 431,210 264 274,017 426 Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following (in thousands): $600,422 $ 430,946 $ 273,591 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Pension plan adjustments Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges Share of equity investee's accumulated other comprehensive loss $ $ (24,628) $ (93,811) 36,192 (8,976) (91,223) $ (45,275) (62,558) (6,794) (9,133) (123,760) Currency Translation Gains and losses resulting from the translation of financial statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, Argentina was determined to be a highly inflationary economy. As a result, the Company remeasured the financial statements of Argentina's operations in accordance with the accounting guidance for highly inflationary economies. The impact of the remeasurement was a foreign currency transaction loss of approximately $3.8 million during fiscal 2018 to the consolidated financial statements. Transaction gains and losses exclusive of Argentina's operations are included in the Company's operating results for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 were not material. Current Assets The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (principally the first-in, first-out method) or market. Personalized work apparel, linens and other rental items in service are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which primarily range from one to four years. The amortization rates used are based on the Company's specific experience. S-11 S-11 S-12 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS subsidies or incentive fees based upon the Company's performance under the contract. Sales from direct marketing activities are The summary of the components of comprehensive income is as follows (in thousands): recognized upon shipment. All sales related taxes are presented on a net basis. Advanced payments received from clients are reflected as deferred income within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.” Deferred income is recognized in “Sales” over the period of expected benefit, as the related services are provided. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records an accounts receivable balance when revenue is recognized prior to or at the time of invoicing the customer. A majority of the Company’s receivables balances are based on contracts with customers. The Company estimates and reserves for its bad debt exposure based on its experience with past due accounts and collectibility, the aging of accounts receivable and its analysis of customer data. Bad debt expense is classified within “Cost of services provided.” Vendor Consideration Consideration received from vendors includes rebates, allowances and volume discounts and are accounted for as an adjustment to the cost of the vendors' products or services and are reported as a reduction of "Cost of services provided," "Inventory," or "Property and equipment, net." Income from rebates, allowances and volume discounts is recognized based on actual purchases in the fiscal period relative to total actual purchases to be made for the contractual rebate period agreed to with the vendor. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to “Inventory” held at the balance sheet date are deducted from the carrying value of these inventories. Rebates, allowances and volume discounts related to "Property and equipment, net" are deducted from the costs capitalized. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, there will be no significant changes to the accounting for vendor consideration. Use of Estimates materially differ from those estimates. Comprehensive Income The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could Comprehensive income includes all changes to stockholders' equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by and distributions to stockholders. Components of comprehensive income include net income (loss), changes in foreign currency translation adjustments (net of tax), pension plan adjustments (net of tax), changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges (net of tax) and changes to the share of any equity investees' comprehensive income (net of tax). Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Net income Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect After- Tax Amount $568,440 Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect After- Tax Amount $ 374,187 Pre-Tax Amount Tax Effect Pension plan adjustments 29,650 (9,003) 20,647 22,548 (2,556) 19,992 (37,957) 13,287 After- Tax Amount $ 288,232 (24,670) Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges: Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period Reclassification adjustments Share of equity investee's comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders (31,003) (250) (31,253) 5,903 — 5,903 18,547 (15,467) 3,080 55,445 (16,134) 39,311 31,884 (12,435) 19,449 (23,437) 15,011 (8,426) 5,185 (1,510) 3,675 16,606 (6,476) 10,130 34,861 (13,677) 21,184 157 — 157 2,383 (834) 1,549 (8,282) 2,899 (5,383) 59,434 (26,897) 32,537 79,324 (22,301) 57,023 (16,268) 2,053 600,977 555 431,210 264 (14,215) 274,017 426 $600,422 $ 430,946 $ 273,591 Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following (in thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Pension plan adjustments Foreign currency translation adjustments Cash flow hedges Share of equity investee's accumulated other comprehensive loss $ $ (24,628) $ (93,811) 36,192 (8,976) (91,223) $ (45,275) (62,558) (6,794) (9,133) (123,760) Currency Translation Gains and losses resulting from the translation of financial statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, Argentina was determined to be a highly inflationary economy. As a result, the Company remeasured the financial statements of Argentina's operations in accordance with the accounting guidance for highly inflationary economies. The impact of the remeasurement was a foreign currency transaction loss of approximately $3.8 million during fiscal 2018 to the consolidated financial statements. Transaction gains and losses exclusive of Argentina's operations are included in the Company's operating results for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 were not material. Current Assets The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (principally the first-in, first-out method) or market. Personalized work apparel, linens and other rental items in service are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which primarily range from one to four years. The amortization rates used are based on the Company's specific experience. S-11 S-12 S-12 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The components of inventories are as follows: Food Career apparel and linens(1) Parts, supplies and novelties September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 31.6% 65.7% 2.7% 100.0% 36.9% 60.5% 2.6% 100.0% (1) Increase during fiscal 2018 due to the acquisition of AmeriPride. See Note 2. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Gains and losses on dispositions are included in operating results. Maintenance and repairs are charged to current operations, and replacements and significant improvements that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. The estimated useful lives for the major categories of property and equipment are 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 10 years for service equipment and fixtures. Depreciation expense during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $270.0 million, $237.9 million, and $234.8 million, respectively. The increase from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 is primarily driven by the acquisition of AmeriPride (see Note 2). During fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of approximately $30.1 million related to the sale of a building within the FSS International segment. Subsequently, the Company entered into a capital lease for the building. The proceeds are included in "Other financing activities" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income was not material. During fiscal 2016, the Company received proceeds of approximately $9.5 million related to the sale of a building within the FSS United States segment, resulting in a loss of approximately $5.1 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Also during fiscal 2016, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $6.0 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided" in the Consolidated Statements of Income, to write off certain idle service equipment in the Uniform segment. Other Assets The following table presents details of "Other Assets" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): Client contract investments(1) Miscellaneous investments(2) Long-term receivables Computer software costs, net(3) Interest rate swap agreements Other(4) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 1,034,476 239,547 90,068 152,188 54,708 122,184 1,693,171 $ $ 981,300 247,601 72,406 111,005 — 62,412 1,474,724 (1) Client contract investments generally represent a cash payment provided by the Company to help finance improvement or renovation at the facility from which the Company operates. These amounts are amortized over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is reimbursed for the unamortized client contract investment amount. Amortization expense was $183.6 million, $159.6 million and $142.5 million during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. (2) Miscellaneous investments represent investments in 50% or less owned entities, including the Company's 50% ownership in AIM Services Co., Ltd., a Japanese food and support services company (approximately $155.1 million and $173.8 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively). (3) (4) Computer software costs represent capitalized costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use, and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally a period of three to ten years. Other consists of noncurrent deferred tax assets, pension assets and deferred financing costs on certain revolving credit facilities. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities thousands): The following table presents details of "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities The following table presents details of "Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Deferred income Accrued client expenses Accrued taxes Accrued insurance and interest Other Deferred income tax payable Deferred compensation Pension-related liabilities Interest rate swap agreements Other noncurrent liabilities $ $ $ $ 299,089 $ 98,282 96,855 164,890 358,917 1,018,033 $ 503,429 $ 226,558 28,478 — 218,750 977,215 $ 294,781 84,138 75,156 87,143 305,222 846,440 570,893 229,663 14,164 9,313 154,911 978,944 Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). See Note 10 for additional information on share-based compensation. Supplemental Cash Flow Information (1) During fiscal 2018, the Company was in a net refund position, primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (see Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ 307.1 $ (1.1) $ 201.7 126.3 275.4 55.6 (dollars in millions) Interest paid Income taxes (refunded) paid(1) Note 8). Significant noncash activities follow: • • During fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, the Company executed capital lease transactions. The present value of the future rental obligations was approximately $34.0 million, $55.4 million and $36.4 million for the respective periods, which is included in property and equipment and long-term borrowings. During fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, cashless settlements of the exercise price and related employee minimum tax withholding liabilities of share-based payment awards were approximately $19.0 million, $32.7 million and $40.1 million, respectively. NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES: AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") Acquisition On January 19, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of AmeriPride, a uniform and linen rental and supply company in the U.S. and Canada, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger ("AmeriPride Merger Agreement") dated as of October 13, 2017, by and among the Company, AmeriPride, Timberwolf Acquisition Corporation, and Bruce M. Steiner, in his capacity as Stockholder Representative. Upon completion of the acquisition, AmeriPride became a wholly owned subsidiary of the S-13 S-13 S-14 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The components of inventories are as follows: Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities Food Career apparel and linens(1) Parts, supplies and novelties September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 31.6% 65.7% 2.7% 100.0% 36.9% 60.5% 2.6% 100.0% (1) Increase during fiscal 2018 due to the acquisition of AmeriPride. See Note 2. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Gains and losses on dispositions are included in operating results. Maintenance and repairs are charged to current operations, and replacements and significant improvements that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. The estimated useful lives for the major categories of property and equipment are 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 10 years for service equipment and fixtures. Depreciation expense during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $270.0 million, $237.9 million, and $234.8 million, respectively. The increase from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 is primarily driven by the acquisition of AmeriPride (see Note 2). Income was not material. During fiscal 2017, the Company received proceeds of approximately $30.1 million related to the sale of a building within the FSS International segment. Subsequently, the Company entered into a capital lease for the building. The proceeds are included in "Other financing activities" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The impact on the Consolidated Statements of During fiscal 2016, the Company received proceeds of approximately $9.5 million related to the sale of a building within the FSS United States segment, resulting in a loss of approximately $5.1 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Also during fiscal 2016, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $6.0 million, which is included in "Cost of services provided" in the Consolidated Statements of Income, to write off certain idle service equipment in the Uniform segment. Other Assets The following table presents details of "Other Assets" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): Client contract investments(1) Miscellaneous investments(2) Long-term receivables Computer software costs, net(3) Interest rate swap agreements Other(4) $ $ 1,034,476 $ 239,547 90,068 152,188 54,708 122,184 981,300 247,601 72,406 111,005 — 62,412 1,693,171 $ 1,474,724 (1) Client contract investments generally represent a cash payment provided by the Company to help finance improvement or renovation at the facility from which the Company operates. These amounts are amortized over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is reimbursed for the unamortized client contract investment amount. Amortization expense was $183.6 million, $159.6 million and $142.5 million during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. (2) Miscellaneous investments represent investments in 50% or less owned entities, including the Company's 50% ownership in AIM Services Co., Ltd., a Japanese food and support services company (approximately $155.1 million and $173.8 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively). (3) Computer software costs represent capitalized costs incurred to purchase or develop software for internal use, and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, generally a period of three to ten years. (4) Other consists of noncurrent deferred tax assets, pension assets and deferred financing costs on certain revolving credit facilities. The following table presents details of "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Deferred income Accrued client expenses Accrued taxes Accrued insurance and interest Other $ $ 299,089 $ 98,282 96,855 164,890 358,917 1,018,033 $ 294,781 84,138 75,156 87,143 305,222 846,440 Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities The following table presents details of "Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities" as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): Deferred income tax payable Deferred compensation Pension-related liabilities Interest rate swap agreements Other noncurrent liabilities September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 503,429 226,558 28,478 — 218,750 977,215 $ $ 570,893 229,663 14,164 9,313 154,911 978,944 Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). See Note 10 for additional information on share-based compensation. September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Supplemental Cash Flow Information (dollars in millions) Interest paid Income taxes (refunded) paid(1) Fiscal Year Ended $ September 28, 2018 307.1 (1.1) $ September 29, 2017 201.7 126.3 $ September 30, 2016 275.4 55.6 (1) During fiscal 2018, the Company was in a net refund position, primarily due to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (see Note 8). Significant noncash activities follow: • • During fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, the Company executed capital lease transactions. The present value of the future rental obligations was approximately $34.0 million, $55.4 million and $36.4 million for the respective periods, which is included in property and equipment and long-term borrowings. During fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, cashless settlements of the exercise price and related employee minimum tax withholding liabilities of share-based payment awards were approximately $19.0 million, $32.7 million and $40.1 million, respectively. NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES: AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") Acquisition On January 19, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of AmeriPride, a uniform and linen rental and supply company in the U.S. and Canada, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger ("AmeriPride Merger Agreement") dated as of October 13, 2017, by and among the Company, AmeriPride, Timberwolf Acquisition Corporation, and Bruce M. Steiner, in his capacity as Stockholder Representative. Upon completion of the acquisition, AmeriPride became a wholly owned subsidiary of the S-13 S-14 S-14 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Company and its results will be included in the Company's Uniform segment. The total consideration paid for AmeriPride was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. In order to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, the Company entered into a long-term financing agreement (see Note 5). During the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $12.7 million, included in "Selling and general corporate expenses," and $5.2 million of commitment fees, included in "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Consideration The Company has accounted for the AmeriPride acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company has preliminarily allocated the purchase price for the transaction based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. Accordingly, the preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to change. The Company expects to finalize the allocation of the purchase price upon finalization of the valuation of certain taxes. Any adjustments to the preliminary fair values will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date. These adjustments may have a material impact on the Company's results of operations and financial position. For tax purposes, this acquisition is a taxable transaction. Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value The following tables summarize the preliminary fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): Current assets Noncurrent assets Total assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities $ $ $ $ 237,807 959,347 1,197,154 136,751 64,974 201,725 Intangible Assets The following table identifies the Company’s preliminary allocations of purchase price to the intangible assets acquired by category: Intangible Assets Customer relationship assets Trade names Total intangible assets $ $ Estimated Fair Value (in millions) Weighted- Average Estimated Useful Life (in years) 297.0 15 24.0 3 to indefinite 321.0 The estimated fair value of the customer relationship assets was determined using the “multi-period excess earnings method” which considers the present value of net cash flows expected to be generated by the customer relationships, excluding any cash flows related to contributory assets. The fair value of the two trade names acquired were determined using the “relief-from- royalty method” which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trademarks being owned. Goodwill The Company recorded approximately $364.6 million of goodwill in connection with its preliminary purchase price allocation relating to the AmeriPride acquisition, all of which was recognized in the Uniform reporting segment. Factors that contributed to the Company’s preliminary recognition of goodwill include the Company’s intent to expand and complement its existing uniform business and to enhance its customer service experience, in addition to the anticipated synergies the Company expects to generate from the acquisition. Goodwill related to the AmeriPride acquisition may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation. Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") Acquisition On December 11, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Avendra, a hospitality procurement services provider in North America, which included the merger of Capital Merger Sub, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, with Avendra, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger ("Avendra Merger Agreement") dated as of October 13, 2017, by and among Aramark Services, Inc. (“ASI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, Avendra, Capital Merger Sub, LLC, and Marriott International, Inc., in its capacity as Holder Representative. Avendra continued as the surviving entity of the merger and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company whose financial results are included within the FSS United States reporting segment from December 11, 2017. The total consideration paid for Avendra was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. In order to finance the Avendra acquisition, the Company entered into a long-term financing agreement (see Note 5). During the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $11.5 million, included in "Selling and general corporate expenses," and $6.7 million of commitment fees, included in "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Consideration The Company has accounted for the Avendra acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company has finalized its allocation of the purchase price for the transaction based upon the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. For tax purposes, this acquisition is a taxable transaction. Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value The following tables summarize the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): Current assets Noncurrent assets Total assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities $ $ $ $ 157,614 1,345,532 1,503,146 111,087 5,681 116,768 Weighted- Average Estimated Useful Life (in years) 15 indefinite The following table identifies the Company’s allocations of purchase price to the intangible assets acquired by category: Estimated Fair Value (in millions) Customer relationship assets Trade name Total intangible assets $ $ 567.0 222.0 789.0 The fair value of the customer relationship assets was determined using the “multi-period excess earnings method” which considers the present value of net cash flows expected to be generated by the customer relationships, excluding any cash flows related to contributory assets. The fair value of the trade name was determined using the “relief-from-royalty method” which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trademarks being owned. Goodwill The Company recorded approximately $530.5 million of goodwill in connection with its purchase price allocation relating to the Avendra acquisition, all of which was recognized in the FSS United States reporting segment. Factors that contributed to the Company’s recognition of goodwill include the Company’s intent to expand its buying scale through Avendra’s procurement capabilities and to expand its customer base outside of its traditional industries, in addition to the anticipated synergies the Company expects to generate from the acquisition. Combined Sales and Earnings for AmeriPride and Avendra S-15 S-15 S-16 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Company and its results will be included in the Company's Uniform segment. The total consideration paid for AmeriPride was $995.4 million, partially offset by $84.9 million of cash acquired. In order to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, the Company entered into a long-term financing agreement (see Note 5). During the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $12.7 million, included in "Selling and general corporate expenses," and $5.2 million of commitment fees, included in "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Consideration The Company has accounted for the AmeriPride acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company has preliminarily allocated the purchase price for the transaction based upon the estimated fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. Accordingly, the preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to change. The Company expects to finalize the allocation of the purchase price upon finalization of the valuation of certain taxes. Any adjustments to the preliminary fair values will be made as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date. These adjustments may have a material impact on the Company's results of operations and financial position. For tax purposes, this acquisition is a taxable transaction. Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value The following tables summarize the preliminary fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): Current assets Noncurrent assets Total assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities $ $ $ $ 237,807 959,347 1,197,154 136,751 64,974 201,725 Intangible Assets category: The following table identifies the Company’s preliminary allocations of purchase price to the intangible assets acquired by Customer relationship assets Trade names Total intangible assets $ $ Estimated Fair Value (in millions) Weighted- Average Estimated Useful Life (in years) 297.0 15 24.0 3 to indefinite 321.0 The estimated fair value of the customer relationship assets was determined using the “multi-period excess earnings method” which considers the present value of net cash flows expected to be generated by the customer relationships, excluding any cash flows related to contributory assets. The fair value of the two trade names acquired were determined using the “relief-from- royalty method” which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trademarks being owned. Goodwill The Company recorded approximately $364.6 million of goodwill in connection with its preliminary purchase price allocation relating to the AmeriPride acquisition, all of which was recognized in the Uniform reporting segment. Factors that contributed to the Company’s preliminary recognition of goodwill include the Company’s intent to expand and complement its existing uniform business and to enhance its customer service experience, in addition to the anticipated synergies the Company expects to generate from the acquisition. Goodwill related to the AmeriPride acquisition may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation. Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") Acquisition On December 11, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Avendra, a hospitality procurement services provider in North America, which included the merger of Capital Merger Sub, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, with Avendra, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger ("Avendra Merger Agreement") dated as of October 13, 2017, by and among Aramark Services, Inc. (“ASI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, Avendra, Capital Merger Sub, LLC, and Marriott International, Inc., in its capacity as Holder Representative. Avendra continued as the surviving entity of the merger and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company whose financial results are included within the FSS United States reporting segment from December 11, 2017. The total consideration paid for Avendra was $1,386.4 million, partially offset by $87.3 million of cash and restricted investments acquired. In order to finance the Avendra acquisition, the Company entered into a long-term financing agreement (see Note 5). During the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $11.5 million, included in "Selling and general corporate expenses," and $6.7 million of commitment fees, included in "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Consideration The Company has accounted for the Avendra acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company has finalized its allocation of the purchase price for the transaction based upon the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. For tax purposes, this acquisition is a taxable transaction. Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value The following tables summarize the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): Current assets Noncurrent assets Total assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities $ $ $ $ 157,614 1,345,532 1,503,146 111,087 5,681 116,768 Intangible Assets The following table identifies the Company’s allocations of purchase price to the intangible assets acquired by category: Estimated Fair Value (in millions) Customer relationship assets Trade name Total intangible assets $ $ 567.0 222.0 789.0 Weighted- Average Estimated Useful Life (in years) 15 indefinite The fair value of the customer relationship assets was determined using the “multi-period excess earnings method” which considers the present value of net cash flows expected to be generated by the customer relationships, excluding any cash flows related to contributory assets. The fair value of the trade name was determined using the “relief-from-royalty method” which considers the discounted estimated royalty payments that are expected to be avoided as a result of the trademarks being owned. Goodwill The Company recorded approximately $530.5 million of goodwill in connection with its purchase price allocation relating to the Avendra acquisition, all of which was recognized in the FSS United States reporting segment. Factors that contributed to the Company’s recognition of goodwill include the Company’s intent to expand its buying scale through Avendra’s procurement capabilities and to expand its customer base outside of its traditional industries, in addition to the anticipated synergies the Company expects to generate from the acquisition. Combined Sales and Earnings for AmeriPride and Avendra S-15 S-16 S-16 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 were combined sales from AmeriPride and Avendra of approximately $522.2 million related to these entities. Combined net income for the results of AmeriPride and Avendra was approximately $8 million for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, which excludes the impact of the increased interest expense incurred from the financing of the acquisitions and acquisition related costs included in the Corporate segment. Unaudited Pro Forma Results of Operations for AmeriPride and Avendra The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 for the Company, assuming the closing of both acquisitions occurred on October 1, 2016: Fiscal Year Ended Unaudited (in thousands) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Total sales Net income $ 16,014,463 $ 15,378,832 624,334 328,932 The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the closing of the acquisitions taken place on October 1, 2016. Furthermore, the pro forma results do not purport to project the future results of operations of the Company. The unaudited pro forma information primarily reflects the following adjustments: • • • • adjustments to amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets acquired; adjustments to depreciation expense related to the fair value of property and equipment acquired; adjustments to interest expense to reflect the long-term financing agreements used to finance the acquisitions (see Note 5); and adjustments for the tax effect of the aforementioned adjustments. Other Acquisitions During fiscal 2018, the Company paid net cash consideration of approximately $30.6 million for various acquisitions, excluding the purchases of AmeriPride and Avendra. During fiscal 2017, the Company paid cash consideration of approximately $142.1 million for various acquisitions. The sales, net income, assets and liabilities of the acquisitions did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company acquired the assets of HPSI, a group purchasing organization, in its FSS United States segment for cash consideration of $140.0 million. During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed the purchase of Avoca Handweavers Limited ("Avoca"), an Irish retail and cafe business, for cash consideration of approximately $65.8 million (approximately $59.2 million, net of cash acquired). The sales, net income, assets and liabilities of HPSI and Avoca did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Divestiture During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company announced that it signed an agreement to sell its Healthcare Technologies ("HCT") business for $300.0 million. The sale closed during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company intends to use a majority of the proceeds to repay debt. The Company also plans to repurchase $50 million of its common stock. NOTE 3. SEVERANCE AND ASSET WRITE-DOWNS: During fiscal 2018, the Company commenced a new phase of strategic reinvestment and reorganization actions to streamline and improve efficiencies and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions, which resulted in a net severance charge of approximately $36.6 million during fiscal 2018. During fiscal 2017, the Company updated its previously initiated actions on streamlining and improving the efficiencies and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions. The Company recorded net severance charges of approximately $18.4 million during fiscal 2017. During fiscal 2016, the Company continued to refine its focus on streamlining and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions. As a result, the Company recorded net severance charges of approximately $24.9 million during fiscal 2016. The following table summarizes the unpaid obligations for severance and related costs as of September 28, 2018, which are included in "Accrued payroll and related expenses" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These unpaid obligations are expected to be paid through fiscal 2019. (in millions) September 29, 2017 Net Charges September 28, 2018 Severance and Related Costs Accrual $ 17.8 36.6 (37.8) $ 16.6 Payments and Other NOTE 4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS: Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to an impairment test that the Company conducts annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists, using discounted cash flows. The Company performs its assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level. Within the FSS International segment, each country or region is evaluated separately since such operating units are relatively autonomous and separate goodwill balances have been recorded for each entity. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test for fiscal 2018, which determined goodwill was not impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment test as of the end of the fiscal month of August. Changes in total goodwill during fiscal 2018 is as follows (in thousands): Segment FSS United States FSS International Uniform Translation and Other September 29, 2017 Acquisitions September 28, 2018 $ $ 3,493,756 $ 534,698 $ — $ 4,028,454 637,816 583,939 2,656 372,204 (14,093) (408) 626,379 955,735 4,715,511 $ 909,558 $ (14,501) $ 5,610,568 During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, $173.3 million of goodwill related to certain Canadian businesses was reclassified out of the FSS United States segment and into the FSS International segment (see Note 14), which is reflected in the opening balance as of September 29, 2017. Goodwill related to the AmeriPride acquisition made during fiscal 2018 may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation (see Note 2). Other intangible assets consist of (in thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Customer relationship assets $ 2,244,215 $ (1,156,811) $ 1,087,404 $ 1,376,812 $ (1,063,350) $ 313,462 Trade names 1,050,825 (1,385) 1,049,440 807,362 — 807,362 $ 3,295,040 $ (1,158,196) $ 2,136,844 $ 2,184,174 $ (1,063,350) $ 1,120,824 During fiscal 2018, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of approximately $887.5 million and $246.0 million, respectively. During fiscal 2017, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of approximately $67.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively. Customer relationship assets are being amortized principally on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, 5 to 24 years, with a weighted average life of approximately 15 years. The Aramark, Avendra and a majority of the other trade names are indefinite lived intangible assets and are not amortizable but are evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company completed its annual trade name impairment test for fiscal 2018, which did not result in an impairment charge. Other intangible asset values related to the AmeriPride acquisition made during fiscal 2018 may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation (see Note 2). Amortization of other intangible assets for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was approximately $112.1 million, $87.9 million and $98.5 million, respectively. S-17 S-17 S-18 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KIncluded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018 were combined sales from AmeriPride and Avendra of approximately $522.2 million related to these entities. Combined net income for the results of AmeriPride and Avendra was approximately $8 million for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018, which excludes the impact of the increased interest expense incurred from the financing of the acquisitions and acquisition related costs included in the Corporate segment. Unaudited Pro Forma Results of Operations for AmeriPride and Avendra The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 for the Company, assuming the closing of both acquisitions occurred on October 1, 2016: Fiscal Year Ended Unaudited (in thousands) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Total sales Net income $ 16,014,463 $ 15,378,832 624,334 328,932 The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the closing of the acquisitions taken place on October 1, 2016. Furthermore, the pro forma results do not purport to project the future results of operations of the Company. The unaudited pro forma information primarily reflects the following adjustments: adjustments to amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets acquired; adjustments to depreciation expense related to the fair value of property and equipment acquired; adjustments to interest expense to reflect the long-term financing agreements used to finance the acquisitions (see Note • • • • 5); and Other Acquisitions During fiscal 2018, the Company paid net cash consideration of approximately $30.6 million for various acquisitions, excluding the purchases of AmeriPride and Avendra. During fiscal 2017, the Company paid cash consideration of approximately $142.1 million for various acquisitions. The sales, net income, assets and liabilities of the acquisitions did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company acquired the assets of HPSI, a group purchasing organization, in its FSS United States segment for cash consideration of $140.0 million. During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed the purchase of Avoca Handweavers Limited ("Avoca"), an Irish retail and cafe business, for cash consideration of approximately $65.8 million (approximately $59.2 million, net of cash acquired). The sales, net income, assets and liabilities of HPSI and Avoca did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Divestiture During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company announced that it signed an agreement to sell its Healthcare Technologies ("HCT") business for $300.0 million. The sale closed during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company intends to use a majority of the proceeds to repay debt. The Company also plans to repurchase $50 million of its common stock. NOTE 3. SEVERANCE AND ASSET WRITE-DOWNS: During fiscal 2018, the Company commenced a new phase of strategic reinvestment and reorganization actions to streamline and improve efficiencies and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions, which resulted in a net severance charge of approximately $36.6 million during fiscal 2018. During fiscal 2017, the Company updated its previously initiated actions on streamlining and improving the efficiencies and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions. The Company recorded net severance charges of approximately $18.4 million during fiscal 2017. During fiscal 2016, the Company continued to refine its focus on streamlining and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of its selling, general and administrative functions. As a result, the Company recorded net severance charges of approximately $24.9 million during fiscal 2016. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following table summarizes the unpaid obligations for severance and related costs as of September 28, 2018, which are included in "Accrued payroll and related expenses" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These unpaid obligations are expected to be paid through fiscal 2019. (in millions) September 29, 2017 Net Charges Payments and Other September 28, 2018 Severance and Related Costs Accrual $ 17.8 36.6 (37.8) $ 16.6 NOTE 4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS: Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to an impairment test that the Company conducts annually or more frequently if a change in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicates that potential impairment exists, using discounted cash flows. The Company performs its assessment of goodwill at the reporting unit level. Within the FSS International segment, each country or region is evaluated separately since such operating units are relatively autonomous and separate goodwill balances have been recorded for each entity. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test for fiscal 2018, which determined goodwill was not impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment test as of the end of the fiscal month of August. Changes in total goodwill during fiscal 2018 is as follows (in thousands): adjustments for the tax effect of the aforementioned adjustments. $ 4,715,511 $ 909,558 $ Segment FSS United States FSS International Uniform September 29, 2017 3,493,756 $ 637,816 $ 583,939 $ 534,698 2,656 372,204 Acquisitions Translation and Other — $ (14,093) (408) (14,501) $ September 28, 2018 4,028,454 626,379 955,735 5,610,568 During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, $173.3 million of goodwill related to certain Canadian businesses was reclassified out of the FSS United States segment and into the FSS International segment (see Note 14), which is reflected in the opening balance as of September 29, 2017. Goodwill related to the AmeriPride acquisition made during fiscal 2018 may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation (see Note 2). Other intangible assets consist of (in thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Gross Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Customer relationship assets $ 2,244,215 Trade names 1,050,825 $ 3,295,040 $ (1,156,811) $ 1,087,404 1,049,440 $ (1,158,196) $ 2,136,844 (1,385) $ 1,376,812 $ (1,063,350) $ 313,462 807,362 $ 2,184,174 — 807,362 $ (1,063,350) $ 1,120,824 During fiscal 2018, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of approximately $887.5 million and $246.0 million, respectively. During fiscal 2017, the Company acquired customer relationship assets and trade names with values of approximately $67.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively. Customer relationship assets are being amortized principally on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, 5 to 24 years, with a weighted average life of approximately 15 years. The Aramark, Avendra and a majority of the other trade names are indefinite lived intangible assets and are not amortizable but are evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company completed its annual trade name impairment test for fiscal 2018, which did not result in an impairment charge. Other intangible asset values related to the AmeriPride acquisition made during fiscal 2018 may be revised upon final determination of the purchase price allocation (see Note 2). Amortization of other intangible assets for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was approximately $112.1 million, $87.9 million and $98.5 million, respectively. S-17 S-18 S-18 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Based on the recorded balances at September 28, 2018, total estimated amortization of all acquisition-related intangible assets for fiscal years 2019 through 2023 follows (in thousands): $ 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 113,202 112,560 104,750 84,019 75,996 NOTE 5. BORROWINGS: Long-term borrowings, net, are summarized in the following table (in thousands): Senior secured revolving credit facility, due March 2022 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2022 Senior secured term loan facility, due February 2023 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2024 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2025 5.125% senior notes, due January 2024 5.000% senior notes, due April 2025 3.125% senior notes, due April 2025(1) 4.750% senior notes, due June 2026 5.000% senior notes, due February 2028 Receivables Facility, due May 2021 Capital leases Other Less—current portion September 28, 2018 77,000 $ 399,568 139,106 1,325,923 1,656,919 902,908 590,884 373,240 494,082 1,136,472 — 143,388 4,494 7,243,984 (30,907) 7,213,077 $ September 29, 2017 — $ 1,125,858 — 1,403,429 — 903,654 589,733 379,429 493,464 — 254,200 114,400 4,321 5,268,488 (78,157) 5,190,331 $ (1) This is a Euro denominated borrowing. See the disclosure below in the Senior Notes section for further information. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $913.8 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings. Senior Secured Credit Agreement ASI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a credit agreement on March 28, 2017 (as supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"), which replaced the existing Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, originally dated January 26, 2007, and last amended on March 28, 2014 (the "Previous Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement includes senior secured term loan facilities consisting of the following as of September 28, 2018: • • • • A U.S. dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") in the amount of $1,325.9 million, due 2024, ("U.S. Term Loan B due 2024") and $1,656.9 million, due 2025 ("U.S. Term Loan B due 2025"); A yen denominated term loan to ASI in the amount of ¥10,777.8 million (approximately $94.8 million), due 2022 (the "Yen Term Loan due 2022"); A Canadian dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Canada Ltd. in the amount of CAD200.0 million (approximately $154.9 million), due 2022, (the "Canadian Term Loan due 2022") and CAD179.6 million (approximately $139.1 million), due 2023 (the "Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023"); and A euro denominated term loan to Aramark Investments Limited, a U.K. borrower, in an amount of €129.1 million (approximately $149.8 million), due 2022 (the "Euro Term Loan due 2022"). The Credit Agreement also includes a revolving credit facility available for loans in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, euros and pounds sterling to ASI and certain foreign borrowers with aggregate commitments under the Credit Agreement of $1.0 billion. The revolving credit facility has a final maturity date of March 28, 2022. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $902.8 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility. The Company's revolving credit facility includes a S-19 S-19 S-20 $250.0 million sublimit for letters of credit. The revolving credit facility may be drawn by ASI as well as by certain foreign subsidiaries of ASI. Each foreign borrower is subject to a sublimit of $150.0 million with respect to borrowings under the revolving credit facility. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the senior secured credit facilities, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The commitment fee rate ranges from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum. The actual spreads within all ranges referred to above are based on a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The primary borrower under the senior secured credit facilities is ASI. In addition, certain subsidiaries of ASI are borrowers of the term loan facilities and/or the revolving credit facility. The Company is not a guarantor under the senior secured credit facilities and is not subject to the covenants or obligations under the Credit Agreement. Term Loans U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 and Yen Term Loan due 2022 On May 24, 2018, ASI entered into Amendment No. 5 ("Amendment No. 5") to the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding borrowings related to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin on the U.S. Term Loan due 2024 was changed from 2.00% for borrowings based on the LIBOR rate to 1.75% and from 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate to 0.75%. There were no other material changes to the terms of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024. On May 11, 2018, ASI entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4") to the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 4 changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding borrowings related to the Yen Term Loan due 2022. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin on the Yen Term Loan due 2022 was changed from 1.75% to 1.50%. All other terms related to the Yen Term Loan due 2022 remained unchanged. U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 On December 11, 2017, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 2 (“Incremental Amendment No. 2”) to the Credit Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 2 provided for an incremental senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025, comprised of a U.S. dollar denominated term loan made to ASI in an amount equal to $1,785.0 million, due on March 11, 2025. On June 12, 2018, the Company entered into Amendment No. 6 ("Amendment No. 6") to the Credit Agreement, which changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 borrowings. There were no other material changes to the terms of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 as a result of Amendment No. 6. The U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for deposits in U.S. dollars for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 2.00% for borrowings based on the LIBOR rate and 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of 0.25% upon compliance by the Company with a consolidated leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00. As a result of Amendment No. 6, the applicable margin was changed from 2.00% for borrowings based on the eurocurrency (LIBOR) rate to 1.75%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.00%, and from 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate to 0.75%, subject to a minimum base rate of 0.00%. The net proceeds from the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 were used to finance the Avendra acquisition and, together with approximately $200.0 million of proceeds from a borrowing made under the Credit Agreement’s revolving credit facility, to repay the $633.8 million of principal outstanding on the U.S. Term Loan A due 2022 under the Credit Agreement, along with accrued interest and certain fees and related expenses. The Company recorded $5.7 million of charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for fiscal 2018 for the write-off of debt issuance costs. The Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $8.9 million directly attributable to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2018. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 in quarterly amounts of 1.00% per annum of the funded total principal amount and is subject to substantially similar terms relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Based on the recorded balances at September 28, 2018, total estimated amortization of all acquisition-related intangible assets for fiscal years 2019 through 2023 follows (in thousands): $ 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 113,202 112,560 104,750 84,019 75,996 NOTE 5. BORROWINGS: Long-term borrowings, net, are summarized in the following table (in thousands): Senior secured revolving credit facility, due March 2022 $ 77,000 $ September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2022 Senior secured term loan facility, due February 2023 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2024 Senior secured term loan facility, due March 2025 5.125% senior notes, due January 2024 5.000% senior notes, due April 2025 3.125% senior notes, due April 2025(1) 4.750% senior notes, due June 2026 5.000% senior notes, due February 2028 Receivables Facility, due May 2021 Capital leases Other Less—current portion 399,568 139,106 1,325,923 1,656,919 902,908 590,884 373,240 494,082 1,136,472 — 143,388 4,494 7,243,984 (30,907) 1,125,858 1,403,429 — — — 903,654 589,733 379,429 493,464 — 254,200 114,400 4,321 5,268,488 (78,157) $ 7,213,077 $ 5,190,331 (1) This is a Euro denominated borrowing. See the disclosure below in the Senior Notes section for further information. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $913.8 million of outstanding foreign currency borrowings. Senior Secured Credit Agreement ASI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a credit agreement on March 28, 2017 (as supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Credit Agreement"), which replaced the existing Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, originally dated January 26, 2007, and last amended on March 28, 2014 (the "Previous Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement includes senior secured term loan facilities consisting of the following as of September 28, 2018: A U.S. dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Services, Inc. ("ASI") in the amount of $1,325.9 million, due 2024, ("U.S. Term Loan B due 2024") and $1,656.9 million, due 2025 ("U.S. Term Loan B due 2025"); A yen denominated term loan to ASI in the amount of ¥10,777.8 million (approximately $94.8 million), due 2022 (the "Yen Term Loan due 2022"); A Canadian dollar denominated term loan to Aramark Canada Ltd. in the amount of CAD200.0 million (approximately $154.9 million), due 2022, (the "Canadian Term Loan due 2022") and CAD179.6 million (approximately $139.1 million), due 2023 (the "Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023"); and A euro denominated term loan to Aramark Investments Limited, a U.K. borrower, in an amount of €129.1 million (approximately $149.8 million), due 2022 (the "Euro Term Loan due 2022"). The Credit Agreement also includes a revolving credit facility available for loans in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, euros and pounds sterling to ASI and certain foreign borrowers with aggregate commitments under the Credit Agreement of $1.0 billion. The revolving credit facility has a final maturity date of March 28, 2022. As of September 28, 2018, there was approximately $902.8 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility. The Company's revolving credit facility includes a • • • • $250.0 million sublimit for letters of credit. The revolving credit facility may be drawn by ASI as well as by certain foreign subsidiaries of ASI. Each foreign borrower is subject to a sublimit of $150.0 million with respect to borrowings under the revolving credit facility. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the senior secured credit facilities, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The commitment fee rate ranges from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum. The actual spreads within all ranges referred to above are based on a Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The primary borrower under the senior secured credit facilities is ASI. In addition, certain subsidiaries of ASI are borrowers of the term loan facilities and/or the revolving credit facility. The Company is not a guarantor under the senior secured credit facilities and is not subject to the covenants or obligations under the Credit Agreement. Term Loans U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 and Yen Term Loan due 2022 On May 24, 2018, ASI entered into Amendment No. 5 ("Amendment No. 5") to the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 5 changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding borrowings related to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin on the U.S. Term Loan due 2024 was changed from 2.00% for borrowings based on the LIBOR rate to 1.75% and from 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate to 0.75%. There were no other material changes to the terms of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024. On May 11, 2018, ASI entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4") to the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 4 changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding borrowings related to the Yen Term Loan due 2022. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin on the Yen Term Loan due 2022 was changed from 1.75% to 1.50%. All other terms related to the Yen Term Loan due 2022 remained unchanged. U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 On December 11, 2017, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 2 (“Incremental Amendment No. 2”) to the Credit Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 2 provided for an incremental senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025, comprised of a U.S. dollar denominated term loan made to ASI in an amount equal to $1,785.0 million, due on March 11, 2025. On June 12, 2018, the Company entered into Amendment No. 6 ("Amendment No. 6") to the Credit Agreement, which changed the applicable interest rate on the outstanding U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 borrowings. There were no other material changes to the terms of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 as a result of Amendment No. 6. The U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for deposits in U.S. dollars for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the prime rate of the administrative agent, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 2.00% for borrowings based on the LIBOR rate and 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of 0.25% upon compliance by the Company with a consolidated leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00. As a result of Amendment No. 6, the applicable margin was changed from 2.00% for borrowings based on the eurocurrency (LIBOR) rate to 1.75%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.00%, and from 1.00% for borrowings based on the base rate to 0.75%, subject to a minimum base rate of 0.00%. The net proceeds from the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 were used to finance the Avendra acquisition and, together with approximately $200.0 million of proceeds from a borrowing made under the Credit Agreement’s revolving credit facility, to repay the $633.8 million of principal outstanding on the U.S. Term Loan A due 2022 under the Credit Agreement, along with accrued interest and certain fees and related expenses. The Company recorded $5.7 million of charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for fiscal 2018 for the write-off of debt issuance costs. The Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $8.9 million directly attributable to the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2018. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the U.S. Term Loan B due 2025 in quarterly amounts of 1.00% per annum of the funded total principal amount and is subject to substantially similar terms relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 outstanding under the Credit Agreement. S-19 S-20 S-20 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 On February 28, 2018, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 3 (“Incremental Amendment No. 3”) to the Credit Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 3 provided for an incremental, senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023, comprised of a Canadian dollar denominated term loan made to Aramark Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 Canada Limited ("ACL"), a company organized under the laws of Canada and an indirect subsidiary of ASI in an amount equal On February 28, 2018, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 3 (“Incremental Amendment No. 3”) to the Credit to CAD200 million (approximately $139.1 million net as of September 28, 2018) due on February 28, 2023. Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 3 provided for an incremental, senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023, comprised of a Canadian dollar denominated term loan made to Aramark The net proceeds from the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 were used to pay down certain borrowings on the revolving Canada Limited ("ACL"), a company organized under the laws of Canada and an indirect subsidiary of ASI in an amount equal credit facility and to pay fees and expenses related to the consummation of Incremental Amendment No. 3. to CAD200 million (approximately $139.1 million net as of September 28, 2018) due on February 28, 2023. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a Bank Act of Canada rate determined by reference to offered rates for bankers' acceptances, increased by 0.10% depending on the lender The net proceeds from the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 were used to pay down certain borrowings on the revolving party or (b) a base rate or Canadian base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the prime rate of the administrative credit facility and to pay fees and expenses related to the consummation of Incremental Amendment No. 3. agent and (2) the Bank Act of Canada rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.75% for borrowings based on The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a Bank Act of the Bank Act of Canada rate and 0.75% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of Canada rate determined by reference to offered rates for bankers' acceptances, increased by 0.10% depending on the lender 0.125% per each decline of 0.50 to 1.00 in the Company's consolidated leverage ratio from 4.75 to 1.00. Accordingly, the party or (b) a base rate or Canadian base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the prime rate of the administrative applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is 1.25% to 1.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - 1.625%) agent and (2) the Bank Act of Canada rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.75% for borrowings based on with respect to Bank Act of Canada borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%, and 0.25% to 0.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - the Bank Act of Canada rate and 0.75% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of 0.625%) with respect to Canadian base rate borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%. 0.125% per each decline of 0.50 to 1.00 in the Company's consolidated leverage ratio from 4.75 to 1.00. Accordingly, the The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 requires the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of CAD2.5 million applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is 1.25% to 1.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - 1.625%) from March 31, 2018 through December 31, 2019, CAD3.75 million from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2020, with respect to Bank Act of Canada borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%, and 0.25% to 0.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - CAD5.0 million from March 31, 2021 through December 31, 2021, CAD7.5 million from March 31, 2022 through December 0.625%) with respect to Canadian base rate borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%. 31, 2022, and CAD115.0 million at maturity. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is subject to substantially similar terms The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 requires the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of CAD2.5 million currently relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing from March 31, 2018 through December 31, 2019, CAD3.75 million from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2020, term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement. CAD5.0 million from March 31, 2021 through December 31, 2021, CAD7.5 million from March 31, 2022 through December 31, 2022, and CAD115.0 million at maturity. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is subject to substantially similar terms Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 currently relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing The applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and the senior secured revolving credit facility is 1.50% to term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement. 2.25% with respect to eurocurrency (LIBOR) borrowings, bankers’ acceptance ("BA") rate borrowings and letters of credit fees Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 and 0.50% to 1.25% with respect to U.S. and Canadian base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for the Euro Term Loan due 2022 is 1.50%. The applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and the senior secured revolving credit facility is 1.50% to 2.25% with respect to eurocurrency (LIBOR) borrowings, bankers’ acceptance ("BA") rate borrowings and letters of credit fees Incremental Facilities and 0.50% to 1.25% with respect to U.S. and Canadian base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for the Euro Term Loan The Credit Agreement provides that the Company has the right at any time to request one or more incremental term loan due 2022 is 1.50%. facilities or increases under existing term loan facilities and/or additional revolving credit facilities or increases under the Incremental Facilities existing revolving credit facility in an amount up to $1,400.0 million of incremental commitments in the aggregate plus an unlimited amount so long as the pro forma Consolidated Secured Debt to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA ratio (each as calculated The Credit Agreement provides that the Company has the right at any time to request one or more incremental term loan in accordance with the Credit Agreement (the "Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio")) would not exceed 3.00 to 1.00, plus any facilities or increases under existing term loan facilities and/or additional revolving credit facilities or increases under the amount of loans and commitments optionally prepaid and terminated under the senior secured credit facilities. The lenders existing revolving credit facility in an amount up to $1,400.0 million of incremental commitments in the aggregate plus an under these facilities are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities or commitments, and any such unlimited amount so long as the pro forma Consolidated Secured Debt to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA ratio (each as calculated addition of or increase in facilities or commitments will be subject to customary conditions precedent. in accordance with the Credit Agreement (the "Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio")) would not exceed 3.00 to 1.00, plus any amount of loans and commitments optionally prepaid and terminated under the senior secured credit facilities. The lenders Prepayments and Amortization under these facilities are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities or commitments, and any such The Credit Agreement requires us to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with: addition of or increase in facilities or commitments will be subject to customary conditions precedent. • Prepayments and Amortization 50% of ASI's annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with stepdowns to 25% and 0% upon ASI's reaching certain Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio thresholds; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be The Credit Agreement requires us to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with: required to the extent excess cash flow for the applicable year exceeds $10.0 million; • • • • • 50% of ASI's annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with stepdowns to 25% and 0% upon ASI's 100% of the net cash proceeds of all nonordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of property subject to certain reaching certain Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio thresholds; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be exceptions and customary reinvestment rights; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the required to the extent excess cash flow for the applicable year exceeds $10.0 million; extent net cash proceeds exceeds $100.0 million; and 100% of the net cash proceeds of all nonordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of property subject to certain 100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt, but excluding proceeds from certain debt permitted under the exceptions and customary reinvestment rights; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the Credit Agreement. extent net cash proceeds exceeds $100.0 million; and 100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt, but excluding proceeds from certain debt permitted under the Credit Agreement. S-21 S-21 S-21 S-22 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The foregoing mandatory prepayments will be applied to the term loan facilities on a pro rata basis and will reduce the obligations to make scheduled amortization payments on a dollar for dollar basis as directed by the Company. The Company may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement any time without premium or penalty, other than (i) customary "breakage" costs with respect to LIBOR loans and (ii) with respect to any voluntary prepayments of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 in connection with any repricing transaction (as defined in the Credit Agreement) effected prior to September 28, 2017, a 1% prepayment premium. Prepaid term loans may not be reborrowed. The Company made optional prepayments of approximately $260.4 million, $330.6 million and $160.0 million of outstanding U.S. dollar term loans, during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. If a change of control as defined in the Credit Agreement occurs, this will cause an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Upon an event of default, the new senior secured credit facilities may be accelerated, in which case the Company would be required to repay all outstanding loans plus accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts outstanding under the new senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 and the Yen Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 1.00% per annum of their funded total principal amount. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 4.4%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.1% and 15.1% per annum of their funded total principal amount after the anniversary of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the Euro Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 5.0%, 6.3%, 8.8%, 12.5% and 15.0% per annum of their funded total principal amount after the anniversary of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years under the Credit Agreement. Guarantees All obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation and, subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of ASI's existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries excluding certain immaterial subsidiaries, receivables facility subsidiaries, certain other customarily excluded subsidiaries and certain subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement as "unrestricted subsidiaries", referred to, collectively, as the U.S. Guarantors. All obligations under the Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by (i) a pledge of 100% of the capital stock of ASI, (ii) pledges of 100% of the capital stock (or 65% of voting stock and 100% of non-voting stock, in the case of the stock of foreign subsidiaries) held by ASI, Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation or any of the U.S. Guarantors and (iii) a security interest in, and mortgages on, substantially all tangible assets of Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ASI or any of the U.S. Guarantors. Certain Covenants The Credit Agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase its capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other transfers to ASI from its restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing ASI's subordinated debt; and fundamentally change ASI's business. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires ASI to comply with a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio maintenance covenant. The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants, such as financial and other reporting, and certain events of default. At September 28, 2018, ASI was in compliance with all of these covenants. The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, of 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, capital leases, debt in respect of sale-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet that is free and clear of any lien. Non- compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under the Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI’s U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 which lenders shall not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing the senior notes. The actual ratio at September 28, 2018 was 2.05x. The Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, as a condition for ASI and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is 2.00x for the term of the Credit Agreement. Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 On February 28, 2018, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 3 (“Incremental Amendment No. 3”) to the Credit Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 3 provided for an incremental, senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023, comprised of a Canadian dollar denominated term loan made to Aramark Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 Canada Limited ("ACL"), a company organized under the laws of Canada and an indirect subsidiary of ASI in an amount equal On February 28, 2018, ASI entered into Incremental Amendment No. 3 (“Incremental Amendment No. 3”) to the Credit to CAD200 million (approximately $139.1 million net as of September 28, 2018) due on February 28, 2023. Agreement. Incremental Amendment No. 3 provided for an incremental, senior secured credit facility under the Credit Agreement, the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023, comprised of a Canadian dollar denominated term loan made to Aramark The net proceeds from the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 were used to pay down certain borrowings on the revolving Canada Limited ("ACL"), a company organized under the laws of Canada and an indirect subsidiary of ASI in an amount equal credit facility and to pay fees and expenses related to the consummation of Incremental Amendment No. 3. to CAD200 million (approximately $139.1 million net as of September 28, 2018) due on February 28, 2023. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a Bank Act of Canada rate determined by reference to offered rates for bankers' acceptances, increased by 0.10% depending on the lender The net proceeds from the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 were used to pay down certain borrowings on the revolving party or (b) a base rate or Canadian base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the prime rate of the administrative credit facility and to pay fees and expenses related to the consummation of Incremental Amendment No. 3. agent and (2) the Bank Act of Canada rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.75% for borrowings based on The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 bears interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) a Bank Act of the Bank Act of Canada rate and 0.75% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of Canada rate determined by reference to offered rates for bankers' acceptances, increased by 0.10% depending on the lender 0.125% per each decline of 0.50 to 1.00 in the Company's consolidated leverage ratio from 4.75 to 1.00. Accordingly, the party or (b) a base rate or Canadian base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the prime rate of the administrative applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is 1.25% to 1.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - 1.625%) agent and (2) the Bank Act of Canada rate plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin set initially at 1.75% for borrowings based on with respect to Bank Act of Canada borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%, and 0.25% to 0.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - the Bank Act of Canada rate and 0.75% for borrowings based on the Canadian base rate, in each case, subject to a reduction of 0.625%) with respect to Canadian base rate borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%. 0.125% per each decline of 0.50 to 1.00 in the Company's consolidated leverage ratio from 4.75 to 1.00. Accordingly, the The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 requires the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of CAD2.5 million applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is 1.25% to 1.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - 1.625%) from March 31, 2018 through December 31, 2019, CAD3.75 million from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2020, with respect to Bank Act of Canada borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%, and 0.25% to 0.75% (as of September 28, 2018 - CAD5.0 million from March 31, 2021 through December 31, 2021, CAD7.5 million from March 31, 2022 through December 0.625%) with respect to Canadian base rate borrowings, subject to a floor of 0.00%. 31, 2022, and CAD115.0 million at maturity. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is subject to substantially similar terms The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 requires the payment of installments in quarterly principal amounts of CAD2.5 million currently relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing from March 31, 2018 through December 31, 2019, CAD3.75 million from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2020, term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement. CAD5.0 million from March 31, 2021 through December 31, 2021, CAD7.5 million from March 31, 2022 through December 31, 2022, and CAD115.0 million at maturity. The Canadian Term Loan A-1 due 2023 is subject to substantially similar terms Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 currently relating to guarantees, collateral, mandatory prepayments and covenants that are applicable to the Company’s existing The applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and the senior secured revolving credit facility is 1.50% to term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement. 2.25% with respect to eurocurrency (LIBOR) borrowings, bankers’ acceptance ("BA") rate borrowings and letters of credit fees Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 and 0.50% to 1.25% with respect to U.S. and Canadian base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for the Euro Term Loan due 2022 is 1.50%. The applicable margin spread for the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 and the senior secured revolving credit facility is 1.50% to 2.25% with respect to eurocurrency (LIBOR) borrowings, bankers’ acceptance ("BA") rate borrowings and letters of credit fees Incremental Facilities and 0.50% to 1.25% with respect to U.S. and Canadian base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for the Euro Term Loan The Credit Agreement provides that the Company has the right at any time to request one or more incremental term loan facilities or increases under existing term loan facilities and/or additional revolving credit facilities or increases under the Incremental Facilities existing revolving credit facility in an amount up to $1,400.0 million of incremental commitments in the aggregate plus an unlimited amount so long as the pro forma Consolidated Secured Debt to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA ratio (each as calculated The Credit Agreement provides that the Company has the right at any time to request one or more incremental term loan in accordance with the Credit Agreement (the "Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio")) would not exceed 3.00 to 1.00, plus any facilities or increases under existing term loan facilities and/or additional revolving credit facilities or increases under the amount of loans and commitments optionally prepaid and terminated under the senior secured credit facilities. The lenders existing revolving credit facility in an amount up to $1,400.0 million of incremental commitments in the aggregate plus an under these facilities are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities or commitments, and any such unlimited amount so long as the pro forma Consolidated Secured Debt to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA ratio (each as calculated addition of or increase in facilities or commitments will be subject to customary conditions precedent. in accordance with the Credit Agreement (the "Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio")) would not exceed 3.00 to 1.00, plus any amount of loans and commitments optionally prepaid and terminated under the senior secured credit facilities. The lenders Prepayments and Amortization under these facilities are not under any obligation to provide any such incremental facilities or commitments, and any such The Credit Agreement requires us to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with: addition of or increase in facilities or commitments will be subject to customary conditions precedent. Prepayments and Amortization 50% of ASI's annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with stepdowns to 25% and 0% upon ASI's reaching certain Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio thresholds; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be due 2022 is 1.50%. The Credit Agreement requires us to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with: required to the extent excess cash flow for the applicable year exceeds $10.0 million; 50% of ASI's annual excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with stepdowns to 25% and 0% upon ASI's 100% of the net cash proceeds of all nonordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of property subject to certain reaching certain Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio thresholds; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be exceptions and customary reinvestment rights; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the required to the extent excess cash flow for the applicable year exceeds $10.0 million; extent net cash proceeds exceeds $100.0 million; and 100% of the net cash proceeds of all nonordinary course asset sales or other dispositions of property subject to certain 100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt, but excluding proceeds from certain debt permitted under the exceptions and customary reinvestment rights; provided, further, that such prepayment shall only be required to the Credit Agreement. extent net cash proceeds exceeds $100.0 million; and 100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt, but excluding proceeds from certain debt permitted under the S-21 Credit Agreement. • • • • • • ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The foregoing mandatory prepayments will be applied to the term loan facilities on a pro rata basis and will reduce the obligations to make scheduled amortization payments on a dollar for dollar basis as directed by the Company. The Company may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement any time without premium or penalty, other than (i) customary "breakage" costs with respect to LIBOR loans and (ii) with respect to any voluntary prepayments of the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 in connection with any repricing transaction (as defined in the Credit Agreement) effected prior to September 28, 2017, a 1% prepayment premium. Prepaid term loans may not be reborrowed. The Company made optional prepayments of approximately $260.4 million, $330.6 million and $160.0 million of outstanding U.S. dollar term loans, during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. If a change of control as defined in the Credit Agreement occurs, this will cause an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Upon an event of default, the new senior secured credit facilities may be accelerated, in which case the Company would be required to repay all outstanding loans plus accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts outstanding under the new senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 and the Yen Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 1.00% per annum of their funded total principal amount. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the Canadian Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 4.4%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.1% and 15.1% per annum of their funded total principal amount after the anniversary of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years under the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to make quarterly principal repayments on the Euro Term Loan due 2022 in quarterly amounts of 5.0%, 6.3%, 8.8%, 12.5% and 15.0% per annum of their funded total principal amount after the anniversary of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years under the Credit Agreement. Guarantees All obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation and, subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of ASI's existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries excluding certain immaterial subsidiaries, receivables facility subsidiaries, certain other customarily excluded subsidiaries and certain subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement as "unrestricted subsidiaries", referred to, collectively, as the U.S. Guarantors. All obligations under the Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by (i) a pledge of 100% of the capital stock of ASI, (ii) pledges of 100% of the capital stock (or 65% of voting stock and 100% of non-voting stock, in the case of the stock of foreign subsidiaries) held by ASI, Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation or any of the U.S. Guarantors and (iii) a security interest in, and mortgages on, substantially all tangible assets of Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ASI or any of the U.S. Guarantors. Certain Covenants The Credit Agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue preferred stock or provide guarantees; create liens on assets; engage in mergers or consolidations; sell assets; pay dividends, make distributions or repurchase its capital stock; make investments, loans or advances; repay or repurchase any subordinated debt, except as scheduled or at maturity; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other transfers to ASI from its restricted subsidiaries; make certain acquisitions; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend material agreements governing ASI's subordinated debt; and fundamentally change ASI's business. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires ASI to comply with a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio maintenance covenant. The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants, such as financial and other reporting, and certain events of default. At September 28, 2018, ASI was in compliance with all of these covenants. The Credit Agreement requires ASI to maintain a maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, of 5.125x. Consolidated total indebtedness secured by a lien is defined in the Credit Agreement as total indebtedness consisting of debt for borrowed money, capital leases, debt in respect of sale-leaseback transactions, disqualified and preferred stock and advances under the Receivables Facility secured by a lien reduced by the amount of cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet that is free and clear of any lien. Non- compliance with the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio could result in the requirement to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which, if ASI's lenders under the Credit Agreement (other than the lenders in respect of ASI’s U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 which lenders shall not benefit from the maximum Consolidated Secured Debt Ratio) failed to waive any such default, would also constitute a default under the indentures governing the senior notes. The actual ratio at September 28, 2018 was 2.05x. The Credit Agreement establishes an incurrence-based minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as Covenant Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, as a condition for ASI and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and to make certain restricted payments. The minimum Interest Coverage Ratio is 2.00x for the term of the Credit Agreement. S-21 S-22 S-22 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS If ASI does not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, it could be prohibited from being able to incur additional indebtedness, other than the additional funding provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. The actual ratio was 4.80x for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. A failure to pay any obligations under the Credit Agreement as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the senior notes. Senior Notes 5.000% Senior Notes due 2028 On January 18, 2018, ASI issued $1,150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes"). The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, to pay down certain borrowings under the revolving credit facility and to pay fees related to the transaction. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $14.2 million directly attributable to the 2028 Notes, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 18, 2018 (the "2028 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and the U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were issued at par. The 2028 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of ASI. The 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness and will rank senior in right of payment to the Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2028 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI. The guarantees of the 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor. The 2028 Notes are effectively subordinated to all of ASI's existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2028 Notes. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on August 1, 2018. At any time prior to February 1, 2023, ASI has the option to redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such 2028 Notes plus an applicable premium and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but not including the date of redemption. Prior to February 1, 2021, ASI has the option to redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of all 2028 Notes at a purchase price equal to 105% of the principal amount of such 2028 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but not including the date of redemption, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings, provided that at least 50% of the sum of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes originally issued remain outstanding immediately after the purchase. The 2028 Notes Indenture contains covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 2028 Notes Indenture also provides for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2028 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 2028 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations. 5.000% Senior Notes due 2025 and 3.125% Senior Notes due 2025 On March 22, 2017, ASI issued $600.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "5.000% 2025 Notes"). The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued at par. On March 27, 2017, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. ("AIFS"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, issued €325.0 million of 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "3.125% 2025 Notes" and, together with the 5.000% 2025 Notes, the "2025 Notes"). The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among AIFS, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and registrar, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent and transfer agent. The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued at par. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the respective Issuers. Each series of the 2025 Notes ranks equal in right of payment to all of the respective Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness, including the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, and, in the case of the 5.000% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI, ASI's 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes") and 4.750% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") and will rank senior in right of payment to the respective Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI and the 3.125% 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by ASI. The guarantees of the 2025 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor, including guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities, the 2024 Notes, the 2026 Notes and the 2028 Notes, as applicable, and in the case of the 3.125% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI, ASI’s obligations under the senior secured credit facilities, the 2024 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 5.000% 2025 Notes and the 2028 Notes. Each series of the 2025 Notes and the related guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all of the respective Issuers' existing and future secured indebtedness, including obligations and/or guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2025 Notes. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing on October 1, 2017. In the event of certain types of changes of control, the holders of the 2025 Notes may require the applicable Issuer to purchase for cash all or a portion of their 2025 Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of such 2025 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the purchase date. Beginning April 1, 2020, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 5.000% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Beginning April 1, 2020, AIFS has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 3.125% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture contain covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture also provide for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2025 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture or the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the other senior notes and obligations under the Credit Agreement. 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 and 4.75% Senior Notes due 2026 On December 17, 2015, ASI issued $400 million of 5.125% Senior Notes due January 15, 2024 (the "Original 2024 Notes"), pursuant to an indenture, dated as of December 17, 2015 (the "2024 Base Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the Original 2024 Notes, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The Original 2024 Notes were issued at par and the net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and to reduce the outstanding balance under the Company's revolving credit facility. The Company paid approximately $6.0 million in financing fees related to the offering of the Original 2024 Notes. On May 31, 2016, ASI issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, consisting of $500 million of additional 5.125% Senior Notes due January 15, 2024 (the "New 2024 Notes") and $500 million of 4.75%Senior Notes due June 1, 2026 (the "2026 Notes"). The New 2024 Notes constitute a further issuance of the Original 2024 Notes (together with the New 2024 Notes, the "2024 Notes"). The New 2024 Notes were issued pursuant to the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the supplemental indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016 (the "2024 Supplemental Indenture" and together with the 2024 Base Indenture, the "2024 Notes Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the New 2024 Notes, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to the indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016 (the "2026 Notes Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the 2026 Notes and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The New 2024 Notes were issued at a premium of $18.8 million, which created an effective yield of 4.6%. The premium was recorded to "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is amortized to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income until maturity in 2024. The 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of ASI. The 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the ASI's existing and future senior debt and senior in the right of payment to the ASI's future debt and other obligations that are expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes. The 2024 Notes and 2026 S-23 S-23 S-24 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS If ASI does not maintain this minimum Interest Coverage Ratio calculated on a pro forma basis for any such additional indebtedness or restricted payments, it could be prohibited from being able to incur additional indebtedness, other than the additional funding provided for under the Credit Agreement and pursuant to specified exceptions, and make certain restricted payments, other than pursuant to certain exceptions. The actual ratio was 4.80x for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. A failure to pay any obligations under the Credit Agreement as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the senior notes. Senior Notes 5.000% Senior Notes due 2028 On January 18, 2018, ASI issued $1,150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes"). The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used to finance the AmeriPride acquisition, to pay down certain borrowings under the revolving credit facility and to pay fees related to the transaction. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $14.2 million directly attributable to the 2028 Notes, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 18, 2018 (the "2028 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and the U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Notes were issued at par. The 2028 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of ASI. The 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness and will rank senior in right of payment to the Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2028 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI. The guarantees of the 2028 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor. The 2028 Notes are effectively subordinated to all of ASI's existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2028 Notes. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on August 1, 2018. At any time prior to February 1, 2023, ASI has the option to redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such 2028 Notes plus an applicable premium and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but not including the date of redemption. Prior to February 1, 2021, ASI has the option to redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of all 2028 Notes at a purchase price equal to 105% of the principal amount of such 2028 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but not including the date of redemption, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings, provided that at least 50% of the sum of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes originally issued remain outstanding immediately after the purchase. The 2028 Notes Indenture contains covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 2028 Notes Indenture also provides for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2028 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 2028 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations. 5.000% Senior Notes due 2025 and 3.125% Senior Notes due 2025 On March 22, 2017, ASI issued $600.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "5.000% 2025 Notes"). The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The 5.000% 2025 Notes were issued at par. On March 27, 2017, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. ("AIFS"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, issued €325.0 million of 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "3.125% 2025 Notes" and, together with the 5.000% 2025 Notes, the "2025 Notes"). The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the "3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture"), entered into by and among AIFS, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors, The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and registrar, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent and transfer agent. The 3.125% 2025 Notes were issued at par. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the respective Issuers. Each series of the 2025 Notes ranks equal in right of payment to all of the respective Issuer's existing and future senior indebtedness, including the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, and, in the case of the 5.000% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI, ASI's 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes") and 4.750% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") and will rank senior in right of payment to the respective Issuer's future subordinated indebtedness. The 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI and the 3.125% 2025 Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by ASI. The guarantees of the 2025 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the senior obligations of such guarantor, including guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities, the 2024 Notes, the 2026 Notes and the 2028 Notes, as applicable, and in the case of the 3.125% 2025 Notes with respect to ASI, ASI’s obligations under the senior secured credit facilities, the 2024 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 5.000% 2025 Notes and the 2028 Notes. Each series of the 2025 Notes and the related guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all of the respective Issuers' existing and future secured indebtedness, including obligations and/or guarantees of the senior secured credit facilities under the Credit Agreement, to the extent of the value of the assets securing that indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2025 Notes. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, commencing on October 1, 2017. In the event of certain types of changes of control, the holders of the 2025 Notes may require the applicable Issuer to purchase for cash all or a portion of their 2025 Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of such 2025 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the purchase date. Beginning April 1, 2020, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 5.000% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Beginning April 1, 2020, AIFS has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 3.125% 2025 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture contain covenants limiting ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's and its restricted subsidiaries assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. The 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture and the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture also provide for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the applicable series of 2025 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Further, a failure to pay any obligations under the 5.000% 2025 Notes Indenture or the 3.125% 2025 Notes Indenture as they become due or any event causing amounts to become due prior to their stated maturity could result in a cross-default and potential acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt obligations, including the other senior notes and obligations under the Credit Agreement. 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 and 4.75% Senior Notes due 2026 On December 17, 2015, ASI issued $400 million of 5.125% Senior Notes due January 15, 2024 (the "Original 2024 Notes"), pursuant to an indenture, dated as of December 17, 2015 (the "2024 Base Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the Original 2024 Notes, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The Original 2024 Notes were issued at par and the net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes and to reduce the outstanding balance under the Company's revolving credit facility. The Company paid approximately $6.0 million in financing fees related to the offering of the Original 2024 Notes. On May 31, 2016, ASI issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, consisting of $500 million of additional 5.125% Senior Notes due January 15, 2024 (the "New 2024 Notes") and $500 million of 4.75%Senior Notes due June 1, 2026 (the "2026 Notes"). The New 2024 Notes constitute a further issuance of the Original 2024 Notes (together with the New 2024 Notes, the "2024 Notes"). The New 2024 Notes were issued pursuant to the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the supplemental indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016 (the "2024 Supplemental Indenture" and together with the 2024 Base Indenture, the "2024 Notes Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the New 2024 Notes, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to the indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016 (the "2026 Notes Indenture"), entered into by ASI, the Company and certain other Aramark entities, as guarantors of the 2026 Notes and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. The New 2024 Notes were issued at a premium of $18.8 million, which created an effective yield of 4.6%. The premium was recorded to "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is amortized to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income until maturity in 2024. The 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of ASI. The 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes rank equal in right of payment to all of the ASI's existing and future senior debt and senior in the right of payment to the ASI's future debt and other obligations that are expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes. The 2024 Notes and 2026 S-23 S-24 S-24 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI. The 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes and the guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured debt of ASI and the guarantors, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes. Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable on January 15 and July 15 of each year. Interest on the 2026 Notes is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. In the event of certain types of changes of control, the holders of the 2024 Notes or 2026 Notes may require ASI to purchase for cash all or a portion of their 2024 Notes or 2026 Notes, as applicable, at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of such notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but not including, the purchase date. Beginning January 15, 2019, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 2024 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 2024 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Beginning June 1, 2021, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 2026 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 2026 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 2024 Notes Indenture and 2026 Notes Indenture contain covenants limiting the ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. They also provide for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Fiscal 2017 Refinancing Transactions During fiscal 2017, the net proceeds from the 2025 Notes and borrowings under the senior secured term loan facilities under the Credit Agreement were used to repay all existing outstanding borrowings under the term loans under the Previous Credit Agreement, to redeem ASI's 5.750% senior notes, due March 2020 (the "2020 Notes"), and to pay certain fees and related expenses. The Company recorded $28.5 million of charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, consisting of $25.2 million of non-cash charges for the write-off of deferred financing costs and original issue discount and $3.3 million for the call premium on the 2020 Notes. The Company used the borrowings to pay down a portion of the existing U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement and to pay certain related fees and expenses. For the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, the Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $15.1 million directly attributable to the 2025 Notes and approximately $17.8 million directly attributable to the new senior secured term loan facilities under the Credit Agreement, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also capitalized third-party costs of approximately $8.2 million during fiscal 2017, directly attributable to the senior secured revolving credit facility, which are included in "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Receivables Facility The Company has an agreement (the "Receivables Facility") with three financial institutions where we sell on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible trade accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company extended the terms of the Receivables Facility from May 2019 to May 2021. The purchase limit increased from $350.0 million to $400.0 million and the additional seasonal capacity of the Receivables Facility increased from $50.0 million to $100.0 million from October through March. All other terms and conditions remain largely unchanged. Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, the Company formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of buying and selling receivables generated by certain subsidiaries of the Company. Under the Receivables Facility, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of their accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions. At September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding on the Receivables Facility. At September 29, 2017, the amount of outstanding borrowings under the Receivables Facility was $254.2 million. Future Maturities and Interest and Other Financing Costs, net At September 28, 2018, annual maturities on long-term borrowings maturing in the next five fiscal years and thereafter (excluding the $58.5 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs and the increase of $12.4 million from the premium on the 2024 Notes) are as follows (in thousands): $ 30,907 42,799 78,892 467,390 107,978 Thereafter 6,562,177 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 $ $ The components of interest and other financing costs, net, are summarized as follows (in thousands): Interest expense Interest income Other financing costs Total September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended 353,048 $ 285,995 $ (9,238) 10,451 (5,942) 7,362 354,261 $ 287,415 $ 315,166 (5,288) 5,505 315,383 During the first quarter of 2019, the Company extended the maturity dates of the Revolving Credit Facility, Yen Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2023 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 to October 1, 2023. NOTE 6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS: The Company enters into contractual derivative arrangements to manage changes in market conditions related to interest on debt obligations, foreign currency exposures and exposure to fluctuating gasoline and diesel fuel prices. Derivative instruments utilized during the period include interest rate swap agreements, foreign currency forward exchange contracts and gasoline and diesel fuel agreements. All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each quarter. The counterparties to the Company's contractual derivative agreements are all major international financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The Company continually monitors its positions and the credit ratings of its counterparties, and does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. For designated hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship and its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the hedging instrument's effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting cash flows of hedged items. Cash Flow Hedges The Company has approximately $2.6 billion notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap agreements as of September 28, 2018, which fixes the rate on a like amount of variable rate borrowings through the first quarter of fiscal 2023. During fiscal 2018, the Company entered into approximately $1.6 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements to hedge the cash flow risk of variability in interest payments on variable rate borrowings. In addition, interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $600.0 million matured during fiscal 2018. As a result of the Credit Agreement entered into in fiscal 2017, the Company de- designated the previous interest rate swap agreements as the terms of the interest rate swaps did not match the terms of the new term loans. Prior to the Credit Agreement, these agreements met the required criteria to be designated as cash flow hedging instruments. The Company then amended the interest rate swap agreements to match the terms of the new term loans under the Credit Agreement to meet the criteria to be designated as cash flow hedging instruments. As a result of the de-designation, the Company recorded charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income during fiscal 2017 of approximately $2.9 million for the changes in market value of the interest rate swaps. S-25 S-25 S-26 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K2024 Notes and 2026 Notes and the guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured debt of ASI and the guarantors, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, and structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of any of ASI's subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes. Interest on the 2024 Notes is payable on January 15 and July 15 of each year. Interest on the 2026 Notes is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. In the event of certain types of changes of control, the holders of the 2024 Notes or 2026 Notes may require ASI to purchase for cash all or a portion of their 2024 Notes or 2026 Notes, as applicable, at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of such notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but not including, the purchase date. Beginning January 15, 2019, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 2024 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 2024 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Beginning June 1, 2021, ASI has the option to redeem all or a portion of the 2026 Notes at any time at the redemption prices set forth in the 2026 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 2024 Notes Indenture and 2026 Notes Indenture contain covenants limiting the ASI's ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares; pay dividends and make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments; create certain liens; sell assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; limit the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to ASI; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of ASI's assets; and designate ASI's subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. They also provide for events of default which, if any of them occurs, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes to become or to be declared due and payable. Fiscal 2017 Refinancing Transactions During fiscal 2017, the net proceeds from the 2025 Notes and borrowings under the senior secured term loan facilities under the Credit Agreement were used to repay all existing outstanding borrowings under the term loans under the Previous Credit Agreement, to redeem ASI's 5.750% senior notes, due March 2020 (the "2020 Notes"), and to pay certain fees and related expenses. The Company recorded $28.5 million of charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, consisting of $25.2 million of non-cash charges for the write-off of deferred financing costs and original issue discount and $3.3 million for the call premium on the 2020 Notes. The Company used the borrowings to pay down a portion of the existing U.S. Term Loan B due 2024 loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement and to pay certain related fees and expenses. For the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, the Company capitalized third-party costs of approximately $15.1 million directly attributable to the 2025 Notes and approximately $17.8 million directly attributable to the new senior secured term loan facilities under the Credit Agreement, which are included in "Long-Term Borrowings" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also capitalized third-party costs of approximately $8.2 million during fiscal 2017, directly attributable to the senior secured revolving credit facility, which are included in "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Receivables Facility The Company has an agreement (the "Receivables Facility") with three financial institutions where we sell on a continuous basis an undivided interest in all eligible trade accounts receivable, as defined in the Receivables Facility. During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company extended the terms of the Receivables Facility from May 2019 to May 2021. The purchase limit increased from $350.0 million to $400.0 million and the additional seasonal capacity of the Receivables Facility increased from $50.0 million to $100.0 million from October through March. All other terms and conditions remain largely unchanged. Pursuant to the Receivables Facility, the Company formed ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. ARAMARK Receivables, LLC was formed for the sole purpose of buying and selling receivables generated by certain subsidiaries of the Company. Under the Receivables Facility, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries transfer without recourse all of their accounts receivable to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC. As collections reduce previously transferred interests, interests in new, eligible receivables are transferred to ARAMARK Receivables, LLC, subject to meeting certain conditions. At September 28, 2018, there were no borrowings outstanding on the Receivables Facility. At September 29, 2017, the amount of outstanding borrowings under the Receivables Facility was $254.2 million. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the domestic subsidiaries of ASI. The Future Maturities and Interest and Other Financing Costs, net At September 28, 2018, annual maturities on long-term borrowings maturing in the next five fiscal years and thereafter (excluding the $58.5 million reduction to long-term borrowings from debt issuance costs and the increase of $12.4 million from the premium on the 2024 Notes) are as follows (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter $ 30,907 42,799 78,892 467,390 107,978 6,562,177 The components of interest and other financing costs, net, are summarized as follows (in thousands): Interest expense Interest income Other financing costs Total Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ $ 353,048 (9,238) 10,451 354,261 $ $ 285,995 (5,942) 7,362 287,415 $ $ 315,166 (5,288) 5,505 315,383 During the first quarter of 2019, the Company extended the maturity dates of the Revolving Credit Facility, Yen Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2022, Canadian Term Loan due 2023 and Euro Term Loan due 2022 to October 1, 2023. NOTE 6. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS: The Company enters into contractual derivative arrangements to manage changes in market conditions related to interest on debt obligations, foreign currency exposures and exposure to fluctuating gasoline and diesel fuel prices. Derivative instruments utilized during the period include interest rate swap agreements, foreign currency forward exchange contracts and gasoline and diesel fuel agreements. All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each quarter. The counterparties to the Company's contractual derivative agreements are all major international financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The Company continually monitors its positions and the credit ratings of its counterparties, and does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. For designated hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship and its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the hedging instrument's effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting cash flows of hedged items. Cash Flow Hedges The Company has approximately $2.6 billion notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap agreements as of September 28, 2018, which fixes the rate on a like amount of variable rate borrowings through the first quarter of fiscal 2023. During fiscal 2018, the Company entered into approximately $1.6 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements to hedge the cash flow risk of variability in interest payments on variable rate borrowings. In addition, interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $600.0 million matured during fiscal 2018. As a result of the Credit Agreement entered into in fiscal 2017, the Company de- designated the previous interest rate swap agreements as the terms of the interest rate swaps did not match the terms of the new term loans. Prior to the Credit Agreement, these agreements met the required criteria to be designated as cash flow hedging instruments. The Company then amended the interest rate swap agreements to match the terms of the new term loans under the Credit Agreement to meet the criteria to be designated as cash flow hedging instruments. As a result of the de-designation, the Company recorded charges to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income during fiscal 2017 of approximately $2.9 million for the changes in market value of the interest rate swaps. S-25 S-26 S-26 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as and meets all the required criteria for a cash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. As of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, approximately $36.2 million and ($6.8) million of unrealized net of tax gains (losses) related to the interest rate swaps were included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss," respectively. During fiscal 2016, the Company repaid a U.S. dollar denominated term loan of a Canadian subsidiary in the amount of $74.1 million. As a result of this repayment, the Company terminated its $74.1 million of outstanding amortizing cross currency swap agreements, which resulted in a pre-tax charge of approximately $1.1 million recorded to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income during fiscal 2016. The termination of these agreements resulted in the Company receiving $5.7 million of proceeds during fiscal 2016. The following table summarizes the effect of our derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on Other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands): Interest rate swap agreements Cross currency swap agreements September 28, 2018 55,445 $ — 55,445 $ Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 31,884 $ — 31,884 $ September 30, 2016 (21,321) $ (2,116) (23,437) $ Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships The Company entered into a series of pay fixed/receive floating gasoline and diesel fuel agreements based on the Department of Energy weekly retail on-highway index in order to limit its exposure to price fluctuations for gasoline and diesel fuel. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has contracts for approximately 15.4 million gallons outstanding through fiscal 2019. The Company does not record its gasoline and diesel fuel agreements as hedges for accounting purposes. The impact on earnings related to the change in fair value of these unsettled contracts was not material in both fiscal 2018 and 2017 and was a gain of approximately $8.1 million for fiscal 2016. The change in fair value for unsettled contracts is included in "Selling and general corporate expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. When the contracts settle, the gain or loss is recorded to "Costs of services provided" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of September 28, 2018, the Company had foreign currency forward exchange contracts outstanding with notional amounts of €59.0 million, £4.5 million and CAD20.0 million to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on short- term intercompany loans to certain international subsidiaries. Gains and losses on these foreign currency exchange contracts are recognized in income as the contracts were not designated as hedging instruments, substantially offsetting currency transaction gains and losses on the short-term intercompany loans. The following table summarizes the location and fair value, using Level 2 inputs (see Note 15 for a description of the fair value levels), of the Company's derivatives designated and not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): Balance Sheet Location September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 ASSETS Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Interest rate swap agreements Not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Gasoline and diesel fuel agreements Prepayments and other current assets Noncurrent Assets Prepayments and other current assets Prepayments and other current assets LIABILITIES Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Interest rate swap agreements Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Other Noncurrent Liabilities $ $ $ $ $ 1,459 $ 54,708 209 $ 3,623 59,999 $ — $ — — $ — — 80 3,626 3,706 1,196 9,313 10,509 The following table summarizes the location of (gain) loss reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings for derivatives designated as hedging instruments and the location of (gain) loss for our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands): Income Statement Location September 28, September 29, September 30, 2018 2017 2016 Fiscal Year Ended Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Cross currency swap agreements Interest Expense Interest Expense Not designated as hedging instruments: Gasoline and diesel fuel agreements Costs of services provided / Selling and general corporate expenses Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Interest Expense $ $ $ $ $ 5,185 — 5,185 $ $ 16,606 — 16,606 $ $ 32,800 2,061 34,861 (7,360) $ (1,277) $ (685) (67) (7,427) $ (2,242) $ (886) (2,163) $ 14,443 $ (8,847) (9,532) 25,329 The Company has an outstanding Japanese yen denominated term loan in the amount of ¥10,777.8 million. The term loan was designated as a hedge of the Company's net Japanese currency exposure represented by the equity investment in our Japanese affiliate, AIM Services Co., Ltd. Additionally, the Company has a Euro denominated term loan in the amount of €129.1 million. The term loan was designated as a hedge of the Company's net Euro currency exposure represented by certain holdings in our European affiliates. At September 28, 2018, the net of tax gain expected to be reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings over the next twelve months based on current market rates is approximately $8.3 million. S-27 S-27 S-28 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as and meets all the required criteria for a cash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings as the underlying hedged item affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. As of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, approximately $36.2 million and ($6.8) million of unrealized net of tax gains (losses) related to the interest rate swaps were included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss," respectively. During fiscal 2016, the Company repaid a U.S. dollar denominated term loan of a Canadian subsidiary in the amount of $74.1 million. As a result of this repayment, the Company terminated its $74.1 million of outstanding amortizing cross currency swap agreements, which resulted in a pre-tax charge of approximately $1.1 million recorded to "Interest and Other Financing Costs, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income during fiscal 2016. The termination of these agreements resulted in the Company receiving $5.7 million of proceeds during fiscal 2016. The following table summarizes the effect of our derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on Other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands): Interest rate swap agreements Cross currency swap agreements Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ $ 55,445 — 55,445 $ $ 31,884 — 31,884 $ $ (21,321) (2,116) (23,437) Derivatives not Designated in Hedging Relationships The Company entered into a series of pay fixed/receive floating gasoline and diesel fuel agreements based on the Department of Energy weekly retail on-highway index in order to limit its exposure to price fluctuations for gasoline and diesel fuel. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has contracts for approximately 15.4 million gallons outstanding through fiscal 2019. The Company does not record its gasoline and diesel fuel agreements as hedges for accounting purposes. The impact on earnings related to the change in fair value of these unsettled contracts was not material in both fiscal 2018 and 2017 and was a gain of approximately $8.1 million for fiscal 2016. The change in fair value for unsettled contracts is included in "Selling and general corporate expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. When the contracts settle, the gain or loss is recorded to "Costs of services provided" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of September 28, 2018, the Company had foreign currency forward exchange contracts outstanding with notional amounts of €59.0 million, £4.5 million and CAD20.0 million to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on short- term intercompany loans to certain international subsidiaries. Gains and losses on these foreign currency exchange contracts are recognized in income as the contracts were not designated as hedging instruments, substantially offsetting currency transaction gains and losses on the short-term intercompany loans. The following table summarizes the location and fair value, using Level 2 inputs (see Note 15 for a description of the fair value levels), of the Company's derivatives designated and not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands): Balance Sheet Location September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 ASSETS Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Interest rate swap agreements Not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Gasoline and diesel fuel agreements Prepayments and other current assets Noncurrent Assets Prepayments and other current assets Prepayments and other current assets LIABILITIES Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Interest rate swap agreements Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Other Noncurrent Liabilities $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,459 54,708 209 $ 3,623 59,999 $ — $ — — $ — — 80 3,626 3,706 1,196 9,313 10,509 The following table summarizes the location of (gain) loss reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings for derivatives designated as hedging instruments and the location of (gain) loss for our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands): Income Statement Location September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended Designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate swap agreements Cross currency swap agreements Interest Expense Interest Expense Not designated as hedging instruments: Gasoline and diesel fuel agreements Costs of services provided / Selling and general corporate expenses Foreign currency forward exchange contracts Interest Expense $ $ $ $ $ 5,185 — 5,185 $ $ 16,606 — 16,606 $ $ 32,800 2,061 34,861 (7,360) $ (1,277) $ (685) (67) (7,427) $ (2,242) $ (886) (2,163) $ $ 14,443 (8,847) (9,532) 25,329 The Company has an outstanding Japanese yen denominated term loan in the amount of ¥10,777.8 million. The term loan was designated as a hedge of the Company's net Japanese currency exposure represented by the equity investment in our Japanese affiliate, AIM Services Co., Ltd. Additionally, the Company has a Euro denominated term loan in the amount of €129.1 million. The term loan was designated as a hedge of the Company's net Euro currency exposure represented by certain holdings in our European affiliates. At September 28, 2018, the net of tax gain expected to be reclassified from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings over the next twelve months based on current market rates is approximately $8.3 million. S-27 S-28 S-28 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 7. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND PROFIT SHARING PLANS: The following table sets forth changes in the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for these plans (in In the United States, the Company maintains qualified contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans for eligible employees, with Company contributions to the plans based on earnings performance or salary level. The Company also has a non-qualified retirement savings plan for certain employees. The total expense of the above plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $22.5 million, $27.5 million and $32.4 million, respectively. The Company also maintains similar contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans at several of its international operations, primarily in Canada and the United Kingdom. The total expense of these international plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $8.6 million, $6.9 million and $9.4 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the components of net periodic pension cost for the Company's single-employer defined benefit pension plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 (in thousands): Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Settlements and curtailments Amortization of prior service cost Recognized net loss Net periodic pension cost (income) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ $ $ 7,121 10,579 (22,864) 3,312 116 1,646 (90) $ 8,834 8,398 (18,350) — 122 3,400 2,404 $ $ 7,850 11,041 (17,679) 159 107 1,504 2,982 S-29 S-29 thousands): September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ 333,672 $ Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning Impact of AmeriPride acquisition Foreign currency translation Service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Actuarial loss (gain) Benefits paid Settlements and curtailments(1) Change in control payment Benefit obligation, ending Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets, beginning Impact of AmeriPride acquisition Foreign currency translation Employer contributions Employee contributions Actual return on plan assets Benefits paid Settlements(1) Change in control payment Fair value of plan assets, end Funded Status at end of year $ $ 366,426 $ 333,672 341,538 $ 319,985 79,605 (11,312) 7,121 10,579 2,571 (10,869) (16,862) (22,662) (5,417) 73,273 (12,359) 13,988 2,571 23,971 (16,862) (10,877) (5,417) 409,826 339,313 — 13,883 8,834 8,398 2,261 (24,923) (14,316) 222 — — 14,564 4,285 2,261 14,759 (14,316) — — 341,538 7,866 2.8% 2.4% 6.1% 2.9% 2.4% $ 43,400 $ (1) Fiscal 2018 includes the impact of the Canadian pension plan freeze and the UK pension plan settlement resulting from the transfer of members out of the plan. Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following (in thousands): Noncurrent benefit asset (included in Other Assets) $ Noncurrent benefit liability (included in Other Noncurrent Liabilities) Net actuarial loss (included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss before taxes) 59,481 $ (16,081) 48,067 23,056 (15,190) 77,717 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine pension expense of the respective fiscal years: September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the funded status of the respective fiscal years: September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Long-term rate of return on assets Discount rate Rate of compensation increase S-30 3.2% 2.0% 5.8% 3.3% 2.1% Aramark 2018 Form 10-KNOTE 7. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND PROFIT SHARING PLANS: In the United States, the Company maintains qualified contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans for eligible employees, with Company contributions to the plans based on earnings performance or salary level. The Company also has a non-qualified retirement savings plan for certain employees. The total expense of the above plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $22.5 million, $27.5 million and $32.4 million, respectively. The Company also maintains similar contributory and non-contributory defined contribution retirement plans at several of its international operations, primarily in Canada and the United Kingdom. The total expense of these international plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $8.6 million, $6.9 million and $9.4 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the components of net periodic pension cost for the Company's single-employer defined benefit pension plans for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 (in thousands): Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Settlements and curtailments Amortization of prior service cost Recognized net loss Net periodic pension cost (income) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ $ 7,121 $ 10,579 (22,864) 3,312 116 1,646 (90) $ $ 8,834 8,398 (18,350) — 122 3,400 2,404 $ 7,850 11,041 (17,679) 159 107 1,504 2,982 S-29 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following table sets forth changes in the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for these plans (in thousands): Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning Impact of AmeriPride acquisition Foreign currency translation Service cost Interest cost Employee contributions Actuarial loss (gain) Benefits paid Settlements and curtailments(1) Change in control payment Benefit obligation, ending Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets, beginning Impact of AmeriPride acquisition Foreign currency translation Employer contributions Employee contributions Actual return on plan assets Benefits paid Settlements(1) Change in control payment Fair value of plan assets, end Funded Status at end of year September 28, 2018 333,672 $ 79,605 (11,312) 7,121 10,579 2,571 (10,869) (16,862) (22,662) (5,417) 366,426 $ September 29, 2017 339,313 $ — 13,883 8,834 8,398 2,261 (24,923) (14,316) 222 — 333,672 $ $ $ 341,538 73,273 (12,359) 13,988 2,571 23,971 (16,862) (10,877) (5,417) 409,826 43,400 $ $ 319,985 — 14,564 4,285 2,261 14,759 (14,316) — — 341,538 7,866 (1) Fiscal 2018 includes the impact of the Canadian pension plan freeze and the UK pension plan settlement resulting from the transfer of members out of the plan. Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following (in thousands): Noncurrent benefit asset (included in Other Assets) $ Noncurrent benefit liability (included in Other Noncurrent Liabilities) Net actuarial loss (included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss before taxes) $ 59,481 (16,081) 48,067 23,056 (15,190) 77,717 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine pension expense of the respective fiscal years: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Long-term rate of return on assets September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 3.2% 2.0% 5.8% 2.8% 2.4% 6.1% The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the funded status of the respective fiscal years: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 3.3% 2.1% 2.9% 2.4% S-30 S-30 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Assumptions, including discount rate, expected return on assets, compensation increases and health care trends, are adjusted annually, as necessary, based on prevailing market conditions and actual experience. The Company elected to use a spot-rate approach for the discount rate used in the calculation of pension interest and service cost for fiscal 2017 and beyond. The spot- rate approach applies separate discount rates for each projected benefit payment in the calculation. Historically, the Company used a weighted-average approach to determine the appropriate discount rate. The impact of the change is not material to the consolidated financial statements. The accumulated benefit obligation as of September 28, 2018 was $364.0 million. During fiscal 2018, settlement gains and actuarial losses of approximately $3.9 million and $22.2 million, respectively, were recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes) and $1.6 million of amortization of actuarial losses was recognized as net periodic pension cost during such period. The estimated portion of net actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 28, 2018 expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost during fiscal 2019 is approximately $1.5 million (before taxes). The accumulated benefit obligation as of September 29, 2017 was $316.0 million. During fiscal 2017, actuarial losses of approximately $24.8 million were recognized in other comprehensive loss (before taxes) and $3.6 million of amortization of actuarial losses was recognized as net periodic pension cost during such period. The following table sets forth information for the Company's single-employer pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 (in thousands): Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets(1) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 16,081 15,935 — 141,401 140,547 126,210 (1) The change in the fair value of the plan assets relates to certain plans being in a funded status position. Assets of the plans are invested with the goal of principal preservation and enhancement over the long-term. The primary goal is total return, consistent with prudent investment management. The Company's investment policies also require an appropriate level of diversification across the asset categories. The current overall capital structure and targeted ranges for asset classes are 50-70% invested in equity securities, 20-50% invested in debt securities and 0-10% in real estate investments and cash and cash equivalents. Performance of the plans is monitored on a regular basis and adjustments of the asset allocations are made when deemed necessary. The weighted-average long-term rate of return on assets has been determined based on an estimated weighted-average of long- term returns of major asset classes, taking into account historical performance of plan assets, the current interest rate environment, plan demographics, acceptable risk levels and the estimated value of active asset management. The fair value of plan assets for the Company's defined benefit pension plans as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 is as follows (see Note 16 for a description of the fair value levels) (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents and other $ 20,568 $ 20,568 $ — $ September 28, 2018 Quoted prices in active markets Level 1 Significant other observable inputs Level 2 Significant unobservable inputs Level 3 11,689 11,689 — Equity securities: Investment trusts Investment funds: Equity funds Fixed income funds Real estate Total Investment funds: Equity funds Fixed income funds Real estate Total 409,826 $ 32,257 $ 367,124 $ September 29, 2017 Quoted prices in active markets Level 1 Significant other observable inputs Level 2 Significant unobservable inputs Level 3 Cash and cash equivalents and other 741 $ 741 $ — $ 220,853 146,271 10,445 202,253 128,155 10,389 $ $ $ — — — — — — 220,853 146,271 — 202,253 128,155 — 341,538 $ 741 $ 330,408 $ The fair value of the investment funds is based on the value of the underlying assets, as reported to the Plan by the trustees. They are comprised of a portfolio of underlying securities that can be valued based on trading information on active markets. Fair value is calculated by applying the Plan's percentage ownership in the fund to the total market value of the account's underlying securities, and is therefore categorized as Level 2 as the Plan does not directly own shares in these underlying investments. Investments in equity securities include publicly-traded domestic companies (approximately 34%) and international companies (approximately 66%) that are diversified across industry, country and stock market capitalization. Investments in fixed income securities consist of international corporate bonds and government securities. Substantially all of the real estate investments are in international markets. Cash and cash equivalents include direct cash holdings, which are valued based on cost, and short-term deposits and investments in money market funds for which fair value measurements are all based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are active. During fiscal 2018, the Company amended certain Canadian pension plans to freeze benefit accruals. The plan will be closed to new participants and current participants will no longer earn additional benefits. It is the Company's policy to fund at least the minimum required contributions as outlined in the required statutory actuarial valuation for each plan. The following table sets forth the benefits expected to be paid in the next five fiscal years and in aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter by the Company's defined benefit pension plans (in thousands): — — — — — — — 10,445 10,445 10,389 10,389 Fiscal 2019 Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2024 – 2028 $ 15,433 15,497 16,086 16,469 16,867 89,884 The estimated benefit payments above are based on assumptions about future events. Actual benefit payments may vary significantly from these estimates. $3.7 million. The expected contributions to be paid to the Company's defined benefit pension plans during fiscal 2019 are approximately S-31 S-31 S-32 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Assumptions, including discount rate, expected return on assets, compensation increases and health care trends, are adjusted annually, as necessary, based on prevailing market conditions and actual experience. The Company elected to use a spot-rate approach for the discount rate used in the calculation of pension interest and service cost for fiscal 2017 and beyond. The spot- rate approach applies separate discount rates for each projected benefit payment in the calculation. Historically, the Company used a weighted-average approach to determine the appropriate discount rate. The impact of the change is not material to the consolidated financial statements. The accumulated benefit obligation as of September 28, 2018 was $364.0 million. During fiscal 2018, settlement gains and actuarial losses of approximately $3.9 million and $22.2 million, respectively, were recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes) and $1.6 million of amortization of actuarial losses was recognized as net periodic pension cost during such period. The estimated portion of net actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 28, 2018 expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost during fiscal 2019 is approximately $1.5 million (before taxes). The accumulated benefit obligation as of September 29, 2017 was $316.0 million. During fiscal 2017, actuarial losses of approximately $24.8 million were recognized in other comprehensive loss (before taxes) and $3.6 million of amortization of actuarial losses was recognized as net periodic pension cost during such period. The following table sets forth information for the Company's single-employer pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 (in thousands): Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets(1) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ 16,081 $ 15,935 — 141,401 140,547 126,210 (1) The change in the fair value of the plan assets relates to certain plans being in a funded status position. Assets of the plans are invested with the goal of principal preservation and enhancement over the long-term. The primary goal is total return, consistent with prudent investment management. The Company's investment policies also require an appropriate level of diversification across the asset categories. The current overall capital structure and targeted ranges for asset classes are 50-70% invested in equity securities, 20-50% invested in debt securities and 0-10% in real estate investments and cash and cash equivalents. Performance of the plans is monitored on a regular basis and adjustments of the asset allocations are made when deemed necessary. The weighted-average long-term rate of return on assets has been determined based on an estimated weighted-average of long- term returns of major asset classes, taking into account historical performance of plan assets, the current interest rate environment, plan demographics, acceptable risk levels and the estimated value of active asset management. The fair value of plan assets for the Company's defined benefit pension plans as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 is as follows (see Note 16 for a description of the fair value levels) (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents and other Equity securities: Investment trusts Investment funds: Equity funds Fixed income funds Real estate Total Cash and cash equivalents and other Investment funds: Equity funds Fixed income funds Real estate Total September 28, 2018 20,568 $ $ 11,689 220,853 146,271 10,445 409,826 $ September 29, 2017 741 $ 202,253 128,155 10,389 341,538 $ $ $ $ Quoted prices in active markets Level 1 Significant other observable inputs Level 2 Significant unobservable inputs Level 3 20,568 $ — $ 11,689 — — — 32,257 $ — 220,853 146,271 — 367,124 $ — — — — 10,445 10,445 Quoted prices in active markets Level 1 Significant other observable inputs Level 2 Significant unobservable inputs Level 3 741 $ — $ — — — — 741 $ 202,253 128,155 — 330,408 $ — — 10,389 10,389 The fair value of the investment funds is based on the value of the underlying assets, as reported to the Plan by the trustees. They are comprised of a portfolio of underlying securities that can be valued based on trading information on active markets. Fair value is calculated by applying the Plan's percentage ownership in the fund to the total market value of the account's underlying securities, and is therefore categorized as Level 2 as the Plan does not directly own shares in these underlying investments. Investments in equity securities include publicly-traded domestic companies (approximately 34%) and international companies (approximately 66%) that are diversified across industry, country and stock market capitalization. Investments in fixed income securities consist of international corporate bonds and government securities. Substantially all of the real estate investments are in international markets. Cash and cash equivalents include direct cash holdings, which are valued based on cost, and short-term deposits and investments in money market funds for which fair value measurements are all based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are active. During fiscal 2018, the Company amended certain Canadian pension plans to freeze benefit accruals. The plan will be closed to new participants and current participants will no longer earn additional benefits. It is the Company's policy to fund at least the minimum required contributions as outlined in the required statutory actuarial valuation for each plan. The following table sets forth the benefits expected to be paid in the next five fiscal years and in aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter by the Company's defined benefit pension plans (in thousands): $ Fiscal 2019 Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2024 – 2028 15,433 15,497 16,086 16,469 16,867 89,884 The estimated benefit payments above are based on assumptions about future events. Actual benefit payments may vary significantly from these estimates. The expected contributions to be paid to the Company's defined benefit pension plans during fiscal 2019 are approximately $3.7 million. S-31 S-32 S-32 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans The Company provided more than 5 percent of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years: The Company contributes to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements ("CBA") that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following respects: a. Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. b. c. If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability. The Company's participation in these plans for fiscal 2018 is outlined in the table below. The "EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employee Identification Number (EIN) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2018 and 2017 is for the plans' two most recent fiscal year-ends. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the critical and declining zone are generally less than 65% funded and projected to become insolvent in the next 15 or 20 years depending on the ratio of active to inactive participants, plans in the critical zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the endangered zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the CBA(s) to which the plans are subject. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 contributions. Pension Fund National Retirement Fund EIN/ Pension Plan Number 13-6130178 / 001 Pension Protection Act Zone Status 2018 Critical 2017 FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented Contributions by the Company (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 Surcharge Imposed Critical Implemented $ 4,147 $ 7,541 $ 6,675 UNITE HERE Retirement Fund (1) Local 1102 Retirement Trust (2) 13-1847329 82-0994119 / 001 / 001 Critical N/A Implemented 3,686 Endangered Critical Implemented 1,206 N/A 397 N/A 339 Central States SE and SW Areas Pension Plan 36-6044243 / 001 Critical and Declining Critical and Declining Implemented 4,128 3,836 3,723 Range of Expiration Dates of CBAs 5/4/2018 - 9/30/2021 8/31/2015 - 8/13/2021 6/30/2019 - 10/31/2020 1/31/2007 - 1/31/2023 1/31/2023 No No No No No 23-2627428 / 001 36-6513567 / 001 52-6148540 / 001 Critical Critical Implemented Green Green N/A Critical Critical Implemented 37-6155648 / 001 Critical and Declining Critical and Declining Implemented 319 907 501 37 336 216 898 813 No 4/26/2019 429 82 404 83 No No 4/14/2019 - 12/31/2019 N/A Pension Plan for Hospital & Health Care Employees Philadelphia & Vicinity Local 731 Private Scavengers and Garage Attendants Pension Trust Fund (3) SEIU National Industry Pension Fund (4) Local 171 Pension Plan (5) Other funds Total contributions 17,692 15,170 14,415 $ 32,623 $ 28,689 $ 26,668 (1) Effective January 1, 2018, the UNITE HERE portion of the National Retirement Fund was spun off into the newly formed UNITE HERE Retirement Fund. (2) Over 90% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 6/30/2019. (3) Effective October 1, 2017, the Local 731 Textile Maintenance and Laundry Craft Pension Plan merged into the Local 731 Private Scavengers and Garage Attendants Pension Trust Fund. (4) Over 75% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 12/31/2019. (5) During fiscal 2018, the Company negotiated with a union to discontinue its participation in the fund. S-33 S-33 S-34 Pension Fund Local 1102 Retirement Trust Contributions to the plan exceeded more than 5% of total contributions (as of the plan's year-end) 12/31/2017 and 12/31/2016 At the date the Company's financial statements were issued, Forms 5500 were not available for the plan years ending in 2018. NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES: The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the provision for income taxes represents income taxes payable or refundable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases in assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and enacted tax legislation. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The components of income before income taxes by source of income are as follows (in thousands): The (benefit) provision for income taxes consists of (in thousands): United States Non-U.S. Current: Federal State and local Non-U.S. Deferred: Federal State and local Non-U.S. Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 326,277 145,599 471,876 $ $ 362,783 157,859 520,642 $ $ 284,216 146,715 430,931 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended (48,249) $ 111,175 $ 11,356 44,618 7,725 (113,475) 7,408 1,778 (104,289) (96,564) $ 15,455 57,681 184,311 (21,956) 3,165 (19,065) (37,856) 39,510 15,750 35,023 90,283 47,323 (740) 5,833 52,416 146,455 $ 142,699 $ $ $ $ Current taxes receivable of $7.5 million and $9.6 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Prepayments and other current assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current income taxes payable of $47.9 million and $30.7 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans The Company provided more than 5 percent of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years: b. If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by At the date the Company's financial statements were issued, Forms 5500 were not available for the plan years ending in 2018. Pension Fund Local 1102 Retirement Trust Contributions to the plan exceeded more than 5% of total contributions (as of the plan's year-end) 12/31/2017 and 12/31/2016 NOTE 8. INCOME TAXES: The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the provision for income taxes represents income taxes payable or refundable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases in assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and enacted tax legislation. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The components of income before income taxes by source of income are as follows (in thousands): United States Non-U.S. September 28, 2018 $ $ 326,277 145,599 471,876 Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 362,783 157,859 520,642 $ $ $ $ September 30, 2016 284,216 146,715 430,931 The (benefit) provision for income taxes consists of (in thousands): Current: Federal State and local Non-U.S. Deferred: Federal State and local Non-U.S. September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ $ (48,249) $ 11,356 44,618 7,725 (113,475) 7,408 1,778 (104,289) (96,564) $ 111,175 15,455 57,681 184,311 (21,956) 3,165 (19,065) (37,856) 146,455 $ $ 39,510 15,750 35,023 90,283 47,323 (740) 5,833 52,416 142,699 Current taxes receivable of $7.5 million and $9.6 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Prepayments and other current assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current income taxes payable of $47.9 million and $30.7 million at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company contributes to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements ("CBA") that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following respects: a. Assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers. the remaining participating employers. c. If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability. The Company's participation in these plans for fiscal 2018 is outlined in the table below. The "EIN/Pension Plan Number" column provides the Employee Identification Number (EIN) and the three-digit plan number, if applicable. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act (PPA) zone status available in 2018 and 2017 is for the plans' two most recent fiscal year-ends. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the critical and declining zone are generally less than 65% funded and projected to become insolvent in the next 15 or 20 years depending on the ratio of active to inactive participants, plans in the critical zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the endangered zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The "FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented" column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration date(s) of the CBA(s) to which the plans are subject. There have been no significant changes that affect the comparability of fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 contributions. Pension Fund EIN/ Pension Plan Number Pension Protection Act Zone Status Contributions by the Company (in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2016 Surcharge Imposed FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented National Retirement Fund 13-6130178 Critical Critical Implemented $ 4,147 $ 7,541 $ 6,675 UNITE HERE Retirement 82-0994119 Critical N/A Implemented 3,686 Fund (1) Local 1102 Retirement Trust (2) 13-1847329 Endangered Critical Implemented 1,206 N/A 397 N/A 339 Central States SE and SW Areas Pension Plan 36-6044243 / 001 Critical and Declining Critical and Declining Implemented 4,128 3,836 3,723 Pension Plan for Hospital & 23-2627428 Critical Critical Implemented 336 216 Local 731 Private Scavengers 36-6513567 Green Green N/A 898 813 No 4/26/2019 Range of Expiration Dates of CBAs 5/4/2018 - 9/30/2021 8/31/2015 - 8/13/2021 6/30/2019 - 10/31/2020 1/31/2007 - 1/31/2023 1/31/2023 No No No No No No No / 001 / 001 / 001 / 001 / 001 / 001 Health Care Employees Philadelphia & Vicinity and Garage Attendants Pension Trust Fund (3) SEIU National Industry Pension Fund (4) Local 171 Pension Plan (5) Other funds Total contributions 52-6148540 Critical Critical Implemented 37-6155648 / 001 Critical and Declining Critical and Declining Implemented 429 82 404 83 4/14/2019 - 12/31/2019 N/A 17,692 15,170 14,415 $ 32,623 $ 28,689 $ 26,668 319 907 501 37 (1) Effective January 1, 2018, the UNITE HERE portion of the National Retirement Fund was spun off into the newly formed UNITE HERE Retirement Fund. (2) Over 90% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 6/30/2019. (3) Effective October 1, 2017, the Local 731 Textile Maintenance and Laundry Craft Pension Plan merged into the Local 731 Private Scavengers and Garage Attendants Pension Trust Fund. (4) Over 75% of the Company's participants in this fund are covered by a single CBA that expires on 12/31/2019. (5) During fiscal 2018, the Company negotiated with a union to discontinue its participation in the fund. S-33 S-34 S-34 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The provision for income taxes varies from the amount determined by applying the United States Federal statutory rate to pretax income as a result of the following (all percentages are as a percentage of income before income taxes): As of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the components of deferred taxes are as follows (in thousands): United States statutory income tax rate Increase (decrease) in taxes, resulting from: State income taxes, net of Federal tax benefit Foreign taxes Permanent book/tax differences Uncertain tax positions U.S. Tax Reform - Remeasurement of deferred taxes U.S. Tax Reform - Foreign tax credit valuation allowance Tax credits & other Effective income tax rate Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 24.5 % 35.0% 35.0% 3.2 3.3 (1.2) (0.3) (49.3) 2.8 (3.5) (20.5)% 2.3 (4.3) (3.8) 1.4 — — (2.5) 28.1% 2.3 (1.4) 0.3 0.1 — — (3.2) 33.1% The effective tax rate is based on expected income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. Judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating the tax return positions. Reserves are established when positions are "more likely than not" to be challenged and not sustained. Reserves are adjusted at each financial statement date to reflect the impact of audit settlements, expiration of statutes of limitation, developments in tax law and ongoing discussions with tax authorities. Accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the income tax provision. As of September 28, 2018, certain subsidiaries have recorded deferred tax assets of $26.3 million associated with accumulated federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $14.6 million on the deferred tax asset related to these state and foreign NOL carryforwards. The impact of the change in valuation allowances for state and foreign NOLs is presented in the State income taxes, net of Federal tax benefit and Foreign taxes lines, respectively, of the effective income tax rate reconciliation. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has approximately $32.3 million of foreign tax credit ("FTC") carryforwards, which expire in 2027, and approximately $1.3 million of interest restriction carryforwards. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the full benefit of these FTC carryforwards and interest restriction carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, the Company has recorded valuation allowances of approximately $13.1 million and approximately $1.3 million on the deferred tax assets related to these FTC carryforwards and interest restriction carryforwards, respectively. The change in the valuation allowance for the FTC carryforwards is the result of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” discussed below. Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment Investments Inventory Derivatives Other Other intangible assets, including goodwill Gross deferred tax liability Deferred tax assets: Insurance Employee compensation and benefits Accruals and allowances Net operating loss/credit carryforwards and other Gross deferred tax asset, before valuation allowances Valuation allowances Net deferred tax liability Rollfoward of the valuation allowance is as follows: Balance, beginning of year Additions(1) Subtractions(2) Balance, end of year September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ 126,345 $ 12,213 474,263 63,835 21,599 17,450 715,705 40,240 136,603 19,338 60,576 256,757 (29,023) 92,268 20,317 629,153 97,622 — 25,992 865,352 33,811 209,951 31,026 48,793 323,581 (11,513) 553,284 (7,352) (4,161) — (11,513) $ 487,971 $ September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ (11,513) $ (21,101) 3,591 (29,023) $ (1) Mainly driven by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act impacting the ability to utilize FTC carryforwards going forward, as well as the inability to use foreign NOL carryforwards. (2) Planning resulted in taxable income in separate Company states that had historical losses. Deferred tax liabilities of approximately $503.4 million and $570.9 million as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred tax assets of approximately $15.5 million and $17.6 million as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has approximately $29.1 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits as of September 28, 2018, all of which, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits follows (in thousands): Balance, beginning of year Additions based on tax positions taken in the current year Additions for tax positions taken in prior years Reductions for remeasurements, settlements and payments Reductions due to statute expiration Balance, end of year September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 30,812 $ 709 1,505 (2,368) (1,569) 29,089 $ 22,752 9,323 4,028 (3,972) (1,319) 30,812 The Company has approximately $4.9 million and $5.0 million accrued for interest and penalties as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, and recorded an immaterial amount and approximately ($1.0) million in interest and penalties during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in "(Benefit) Provision for income taxes" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. S-35 S-35 S-36 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K United States statutory income tax rate Increase (decrease) in taxes, resulting from: State income taxes, net of Federal tax benefit Foreign taxes Permanent book/tax differences Uncertain tax positions U.S. Tax Reform - Remeasurement of deferred taxes U.S. Tax Reform - Foreign tax credit valuation allowance Tax credits & other Effective income tax rate September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 24.5 % 35.0% 35.0% 3.2 3.3 (1.2) (0.3) (49.3) 2.8 (3.5) (20.5)% 2.3 (4.3) (3.8) 1.4 — — (2.5) 28.1% 2.3 (1.4) 0.3 0.1 — — (3.2) 33.1% The effective tax rate is based on expected income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. Judgment is required in determining the effective tax rate and in evaluating the tax return positions. Reserves are established when positions are "more likely than not" to be challenged and not sustained. Reserves are adjusted at each financial statement date to reflect the impact of audit settlements, expiration of statutes of uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the income tax provision. As of September 28, 2018, certain subsidiaries have recorded deferred tax assets of $26.3 million associated with accumulated federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $14.6 million on the deferred tax asset related to these state and foreign NOL carryforwards. The impact of the change in valuation allowances for state and foreign NOLs is presented in the State income taxes, net of Federal tax benefit and Foreign taxes lines, respectively, of the effective income tax rate reconciliation. As of September 28, 2018, the Company has approximately $32.3 million of foreign tax credit ("FTC") carryforwards, which expire in 2027, and approximately $1.3 million of interest restriction carryforwards. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the full benefit of these FTC carryforwards and interest restriction carryforwards will not be realized. As a result, the Company has recorded valuation allowances of approximately $13.1 million and approximately $1.3 million on the deferred tax assets related to these FTC carryforwards and interest restriction carryforwards, respectively. The change in the valuation allowance for the FTC carryforwards is the result of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” discussed below. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The provision for income taxes varies from the amount determined by applying the United States Federal statutory rate to As of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, the components of deferred taxes are as follows (in thousands): pretax income as a result of the following (all percentages are as a percentage of income before income taxes): Fiscal Year Ended Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment Investments Other intangible assets, including goodwill Inventory Derivatives Other Gross deferred tax liability Deferred tax assets: Insurance Employee compensation and benefits Accruals and allowances Net operating loss/credit carryforwards and other Gross deferred tax asset, before valuation allowances Valuation allowances Net deferred tax liability limitation, developments in tax law and ongoing discussions with tax authorities. Accrued interest and penalties associated with Rollfoward of the valuation allowance is as follows: Balance, beginning of year Additions(1) Subtractions(2) Balance, end of year September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 126,345 12,213 474,263 63,835 21,599 17,450 715,705 40,240 136,603 19,338 60,576 256,757 (29,023) 487,971 $ $ 92,268 20,317 629,153 97,622 — 25,992 865,352 33,811 209,951 31,026 48,793 323,581 (11,513) 553,284 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ (11,513) $ (21,101) 3,591 (29,023) $ (7,352) (4,161) — (11,513) (1) Mainly driven by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act impacting the ability to utilize FTC carryforwards going forward, as well as the inability to use foreign NOL carryforwards. (2) Planning resulted in taxable income in separate Company states that had historical losses. Deferred tax liabilities of approximately $503.4 million and $570.9 million as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred tax assets of approximately $15.5 million and $17.6 million as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, are included in "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has approximately $29.1 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits as of September 28, 2018, all of which, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits follows (in thousands): Balance, beginning of year Additions based on tax positions taken in the current year Additions for tax positions taken in prior years Reductions for remeasurements, settlements and payments Reductions due to statute expiration Balance, end of year September 28, 2018 30,812 $ 709 1,505 (2,368) (1,569) 29,089 $ September 29, 2017 22,752 $ 9,323 4,028 (3,972) (1,319) 30,812 $ The Company has approximately $4.9 million and $5.0 million accrued for interest and penalties as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, and recorded an immaterial amount and approximately ($1.0) million in interest and penalties during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in "(Benefit) Provision for income taxes" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. S-35 S-36 S-36 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to significantly change within the next 12 months. Generally, a number of years may elapse before a tax reporting year is audited and finally resolved. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local examinations by tax authorities before 2014. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of or resolution of a particular tax matter, the Company does not anticipate any adjustments resulting from U.S. federal, state or foreign tax audits that would result in a material change to the financial condition or results of operations. Adequate amounts are established for any adjustments that may result from examinations for tax years after 2014. However, an unfavorable settlement of a particular issue would require use of the Company's cash. On December 22, 2017, “H.R.1,” commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “Tax Legislation”) was signed into U.S. law. The Tax Legislation, which was effective on January 1, 2018, significantly revises the U.S. tax code by, among other things, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0% and implementing new international tax provisions that includes a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Though certain key aspects of the new law are effective January 1, 2018 and have an immediate accounting impact, other significant provisions are not effective or may not result in accounting implications for the Company until after the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. The legislation requires the Company to use a blended rate for its fiscal 2018 tax year by applying a prorated percentage of days before and after the January 1, 2018 effective date. As a result, the Company's 2018 annual statutory rate has been reduced to 24.5%. During fiscal 2018, the Company made reasonable estimates related to certain impacts of the Tax Legislation and, in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accountant Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), recorded a provisional estimate during the measurement period, when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in tax law. As a result of the enactment of the Tax Legislation, the Company was required to recognize the effect of the corporate income tax rate change on its deferred tax assets and liabilities in fiscal 2018, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The Company recorded a tax benefit from the corporate income tax rate change and certain other adjustments, which resulted in a noncash benefit to the (benefit) provision for income taxes of approximately $237.8 million, which was recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. A corresponding reduction to the Company's deferred income tax liability was also recorded to the Consolidated Balance Sheets during the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. The Tax Legislation also requires the Company to calculate a one-time transition tax on unremitted earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. Based on a provisional estimate, the Company believes there is no transition tax due, net of foreign tax credits. As a result of the Tax Legislation, the Company re-assessed the ability to recover its $27.2 million of FTC carryforwards. Based on currently available information, the Company believes it will not generate sufficient foreign source income in the carryforward period to utilize a portion of these credits. As a result, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $13.1 million against its foreign tax credit carryforward during the fiscal year ending September 28, 2018 as a provisional estimate. The Tax Legislation contains additional international provisions which may impact the Company prospectively, including the tax on “Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income” (“GILTI”). The Company is currently unable to provide a reasonable provisional estimate as to whether additional deferred tax assets and liabilities should be recognized for basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years, pending clarification of interpretive issues and the availability of the necessary information to develop a reasonable estimate. Accordingly, the Company has yet to determine whether GILTI tax should be recorded as a period expense or measured as a deferred tax asset or liability. As the result of the new rules, which include a shift from a worldwide system of taxation to a participation exemption system, the Company generally will not incur additional U.S. tax liability on the distribution of unremitted foreign earnings. However, other items continue to trigger additional tax expense for which no deferred tax liability has been recorded, including Section 986(c) currency gain/loss, foreign withholding taxes and state taxes. As a result, the Company has performed a preliminary assessment of its indefinite reinvestment position, pending further analysis and expected guidance around newly enacted legislation of U.S. taxation of foreign multinational companies, including the transition tax, GILTI and the potential tax liabilities attributable to repatriation under the Tax Legislation. Accordingly, the provisional estimate of undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liability was recorded amounted to approximately $86.3 million as of September 28, 2018. The provisional estimate of foreign withholding tax cost associated with remitting these earnings is approximately $5.1 million. Such amount has not been accrued by the Company as it believes those foreign earnings are permanently reinvested. The provisional amounts are based on information available at this time and subject to change due to several factors, including but not limited to, management’s further assessment of the Tax Legislation and related regulatory guidance and guidance that may be issued and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Legislation. The Tax Legislation also contains limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and certain executive compensation that are not expected to impact the Company until fiscal years ending after September 28, 2018. The Company continues to evaluate their impact on the financial statements. The Company will finalize the accounting for tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Legislation during the measurement period, will reflect adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded and will record additional tax effects in the periods such adjustments are identified. NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: During fiscal 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program providing for purchases of up to $250.0 million of Aramark common stock through February 1, 2019. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed a repurchase of approximately 0.6 million shares of its common stock for $24.4 million. During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company completed a repurchase of approximately 2.8 million shares of its common stock for $100.0 million. The following table presents the Company's dividend payments to its stockholders (in millions): Dividend payments $ 103.1 $ 100.8 $ 92.1 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 On November 7, 2018, a $0.11 dividend per share of common stock was declared, payable on December 6, 2018, to shareholders of record on the close of business on November 26, 2018. NOTE 10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION: On November 12, 2013, the Board of Directors (the "Board") approved, and the stockholders of Aramark adopted by written consent, the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Old 2013 Stock Plan"), which became effective on December 1, 2013 and the amended and restated Old 2013 Stock Plan was approved by the Board on November 9, 2016 and approved by the stockholders of Aramark on February 1, 2017 (as amended, the "2013 Stock Plan"). The 2013 Stock Plan provides that the total number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2013 Stock Plan is 25,500,000. The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense and related information for Time-Based Options ("TBOs"), Performance-Based Options ("PBOs"), Time-Based Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), Performance Stock Units and Performance Restricted Stock ("PSUs"), and Deferred Stock and Other Units classified as "Selling and general corporate expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions). TBOs RSUs PSUs (1) Deferred Stock and Other Units Taxes related to share-based compensation Cash Received from Option Exercises Tax Benefit on Share Deliveries (2) September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended $ $ $ $ $ $ 18.5 24.1 43.7 2.0 88.3 24.1 21.5 7.4 $ $ $ 20.4 20.8 21.6 2.4 65.2 24.2 28.8 23.3 18.8 21.4 13.9 2.8 56.9 22.3 35.7 32.0 (1) During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company increased the expected adjusted earnings per share target attainment percentage for both the fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017 PSU grants, resulting in additional share-based compensation expense. The target for the 2016 PSU grants was achieved as (2) The tax benefit on option exercises and restricted stock unit deliveries is included in "Accrued Expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash of the end of fiscal 2018. Flows. S-37 S-37 S-38 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Unrecognized tax benefits are not expected to significantly change within the next 12 months. Generally, a number of years may elapse before a tax reporting year is audited and finally resolved. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local examinations by tax authorities before 2014. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of or resolution of a particular tax matter, the Company does not anticipate any adjustments resulting from U.S. federal, state or foreign tax audits that would result in a material change to the financial condition or results of operations. Adequate amounts are established for any adjustments that may result from examinations for tax years after 2014. However, an unfavorable settlement of a particular issue would require use of the Company's cash. On December 22, 2017, “H.R.1,” commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “Tax Legislation”) was signed into U.S. law. The Tax Legislation, which was effective on January 1, 2018, significantly revises the U.S. tax code by, among other things, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0% and implementing new international tax provisions that includes a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Though certain key aspects of the new law are effective January 1, 2018 and have an immediate accounting impact, other significant provisions are not effective or may not result in accounting implications for the Company until after the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. The legislation requires the Company to use a blended rate for its fiscal 2018 tax year by applying a prorated percentage of days before and after the January 1, 2018 effective date. As a result, the Company's 2018 annual statutory rate has been reduced to 24.5%. 2018. During fiscal 2018, the Company made reasonable estimates related to certain impacts of the Tax Legislation and, in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accountant Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), recorded a provisional estimate during the measurement period, when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in tax law. As a result of the enactment of the Tax Legislation, the Company was required to recognize the effect of the corporate income tax rate change on its deferred tax assets and liabilities in fiscal 2018, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The Company recorded a tax benefit from the corporate income tax rate change and certain other adjustments, which resulted in a noncash benefit to the (benefit) provision for income taxes of approximately $237.8 million, which was recorded to the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2018. A corresponding reduction to the Company's deferred income tax liability was also recorded to the Consolidated Balance Sheets during the fiscal year ended September 28, The Tax Legislation also requires the Company to calculate a one-time transition tax on unremitted earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. Based on a provisional estimate, the Company believes there is no transition tax due, net of foreign tax credits. As a result of the Tax Legislation, the Company re-assessed the ability to recover its $27.2 million of FTC carryforwards. Based on currently available information, the Company believes it will not generate sufficient foreign source income in the carryforward period to utilize a portion of these credits. As a result, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $13.1 million against its foreign tax credit carryforward during the fiscal year ending September 28, 2018 as a provisional estimate. The Tax Legislation contains additional international provisions which may impact the Company prospectively, including the tax on “Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income” (“GILTI”). The Company is currently unable to provide a reasonable provisional estimate as to whether additional deferred tax assets and liabilities should be recognized for basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years, pending clarification of interpretive issues and the availability of the necessary information to develop a reasonable estimate. Accordingly, the Company has yet to determine whether GILTI tax should be recorded as a period expense or measured as a deferred tax asset or liability. As the result of the new rules, which include a shift from a worldwide system of taxation to a participation exemption system, the Company generally will not incur additional U.S. tax liability on the distribution of unremitted foreign earnings. However, other items continue to trigger additional tax expense for which no deferred tax liability has been recorded, including Section 986(c) currency gain/loss, foreign withholding taxes and state taxes. As a result, the Company has performed a preliminary assessment of its indefinite reinvestment position, pending further analysis and expected guidance around newly enacted legislation of U.S. taxation of foreign multinational companies, including the transition tax, GILTI and the potential tax liabilities attributable to repatriation under the Tax Legislation. Accordingly, the provisional estimate of undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liability was recorded amounted to approximately $86.3 million as of September 28, 2018. The provisional estimate of foreign withholding tax cost associated with remitting these earnings is approximately $5.1 million. Such amount has not been accrued by the Company as it believes those foreign earnings are permanently reinvested. The provisional amounts are based on information available at this time and subject to change due to several factors, including but not limited to, management’s further assessment of the Tax Legislation and related regulatory guidance and guidance that may be issued and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Legislation. The Tax Legislation also contains limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and certain executive compensation that are not expected to impact the Company until fiscal years ending after September 28, 2018. The Company continues to evaluate their impact on the financial statements. The Company will finalize the accounting for tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Legislation during the measurement period, will reflect adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded and will record additional tax effects in the periods such adjustments are identified. NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: During fiscal 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program providing for purchases of up to $250.0 million of Aramark common stock through February 1, 2019. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed a repurchase of approximately 0.6 million shares of its common stock for $24.4 million. During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company completed a repurchase of approximately 2.8 million shares of its common stock for $100.0 million. The following table presents the Company's dividend payments to its stockholders (in millions): Dividend payments $ 103.1 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 100.8 $ September 30, 2016 92.1 $ On November 7, 2018, a $0.11 dividend per share of common stock was declared, payable on December 6, 2018, to shareholders of record on the close of business on November 26, 2018. NOTE 10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION: On November 12, 2013, the Board of Directors (the "Board") approved, and the stockholders of Aramark adopted by written consent, the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Old 2013 Stock Plan"), which became effective on December 1, 2013 and the amended and restated Old 2013 Stock Plan was approved by the Board on November 9, 2016 and approved by the stockholders of Aramark on February 1, 2017 (as amended, the "2013 Stock Plan"). The 2013 Stock Plan provides that the total number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2013 Stock Plan is 25,500,000. The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense and related information for Time-Based Options ("TBOs"), Performance-Based Options ("PBOs"), Time-Based Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), Performance Stock Units and Performance Restricted Stock ("PSUs"), and Deferred Stock and Other Units classified as "Selling and general corporate expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions). TBOs RSUs PSUs (1) Deferred Stock and Other Units Taxes related to share-based compensation Cash Received from Option Exercises Tax Benefit on Share Deliveries (2) September 28, 2018 $ $ $ $ $ $ 18.5 24.1 43.7 2.0 88.3 24.1 21.5 7.4 Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 20.4 20.8 21.6 2.4 65.2 24.2 28.8 23.3 $ $ $ September 30, 2016 18.8 21.4 13.9 2.8 56.9 22.3 35.7 32.0 (1) During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company increased the expected adjusted earnings per share target attainment percentage for both the fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017 PSU grants, resulting in additional share-based compensation expense. The target for the 2016 PSU grants was achieved as of the end of fiscal 2018. (2) The tax benefit on option exercises and restricted stock unit deliveries is included in "Accrued Expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. S-37 S-38 S-38 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS No compensation expense was capitalized. Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company has applied a forfeiture assumption of 8.7% per annum in the calculation of such expenses. This rate was reduced to approximately 6.4% per annum in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 based on actual forfeiture activity. The below table summarizes the unrecognized compensation expense as of September 28, 2018 related to nonvested awards and the weighted-average period they are expected to be recognized: TBOs RSUs PSUs Total Stock Options Time-Based Options Unrecognized Compensation Expense (in millions) $ $ 22.6 56.6 24.1 103.3 Weighted-Average Period (Years) 2.14 2.47 1.49 TBOs vest solely based upon continued employment over a four year time period. All TBOs remain exercisable for ten years from the date of grant. The fair value of the TBOs granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected volatility is based on a blended average of the historical volatility of the Company's and competitors' stocks over the expected term of the stock options. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using the simplified method as permitted under Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules and regulations due to the method providing a reasonable estimate in comparison to actual experience. The simplified method uses the midpoint between an option's vesting date and contractual term. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury security with terms equal to the expected life of the option as of the grant date. Compensation expense for TBOs is recognized on a straight- line basis over the vesting period during which employees perform related services. The table below presents the weighted average assumptions and related valuations for TBOs. Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Expected life (in years) Risk-free interest rate Weighted-average grant-date fair value A summary of TBO activity is presented below: September 28, 2018 20% 1.03% - 1.11% 6.25 2.25% - 2.94% $8.75 Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 25% 1.11% - 1.21% 6.25 2.14% - 2.20% $8.47 September 30, 2016 30% 1.15% - 1.25% 6.25 1.50% - 2.04% $9.21 Options Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Exercised Forfeited and expired Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Exercisable at September 28, 2018 Expected to vest at September 28, 2018 Shares (000s) Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000s) Weighted- Average Remaining Term (Years) 13,074 1,914 $ $ (1,111) $ (575) $ 13,302 8,469 4,498 $ $ $ 24.39 40.67 21.00 34.37 26.60 21.36 35.64 $ $ $ 218,450 183,456 33,177 6.2 5.0 8.1 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Total intrinsic value exercised (in millions) $ Total fair value that vested (in millions) $ 16.6 17.3 $ 32.2 17.7 49.9 17.5 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended The Company no longer grants PBOs under the 2013 Stock Plan. All PBOs remain exercisable for ten years from the date of Performance-Based Options grant. A summary of PBO activity is presented below: Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Options Granted Exercised Forfeited and expired Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Exercisable at September 28, 2018 Shares (000s) Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Weighted- Average Remaining Value ($000s) Term (Years) 2,182 $ — $ (302) $ (5) $ 1,875 1,875 $ $ 12.28 — 11.21 10.90 12.46 12.46 $ $ 57,317 57,317 3.0 3.0 The total intrinsic value of PBOs exercised during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $7.4 million, $26.6 million and $39.2 million, respectively. Time-Based Restricted Stock Units The RSU agreement provides for grants of RSUs, 25% of which will vest and be settled in shares on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the participant's continued employment with the Company through each such anniversary. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. Participants holding RSUs will receive the benefit of any dividends paid on shares in the form of additional RSUs. The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death, disability or retirement, and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture. Restricted Stock Units Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Units (000s) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 1,935 1,369 (586) (310) 2,408 $ $ $ $ $ 31.44 40.34 31.73 37.01 36.66 Performance Stock Units Under the 2013 Stock Plan, the Company is authorized to grant PSUs to its employees. A participant is eligible to become vested in a number of PSUs equal to a percentage, higher or lower, of the target number of PSUs granted based on the level of the Company's achievement of the performance condition. During fiscal 2016, the Company granted PSUs with cliff vesting subject to the achievement of adjusted earnings per share in the third fiscal year of grant and the participant's continued employment with the Company, which vested at the end of fiscal 2018. During fiscal 2017, the Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted earnings per share for the cumulative three year performance period and the participant's continued employment with the Company. During fiscal 2018, the Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted earnings per share and return on invested capital for the cumulative three year performance period and the participant's continued employment with the Company. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. S-39 S-39 S-40 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KNo compensation expense was capitalized. Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company has applied a forfeiture assumption of 8.7% per annum in the calculation of such expenses. This rate was reduced to approximately 6.4% per annum in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 based on actual forfeiture activity. The below table summarizes the unrecognized compensation expense as of September 28, 2018 related to nonvested awards and the weighted-average period they are expected to be recognized: Unrecognized Compensation Expense (in millions) Weighted-Average Period (Years) $ $ 22.6 56.6 24.1 103.3 2.14 2.47 1.49 TBOs RSUs PSUs Total Stock Options Time-Based Options from the date of grant. TBOs vest solely based upon continued employment over a four year time period. All TBOs remain exercisable for ten years The fair value of the TBOs granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected volatility is based on a blended average of the historical volatility of the Company's and competitors' stocks over the expected term of the stock options. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using the simplified method as permitted under Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules and regulations due to the method providing a reasonable estimate in comparison to actual experience. The simplified method uses the midpoint between an option's vesting date and contractual term. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury security with terms equal to the expected life of the option as of the grant date. Compensation expense for TBOs is recognized on a straight- line basis over the vesting period during which employees perform related services. The table below presents the weighted average assumptions and related valuations for TBOs. Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Expected life (in years) Risk-free interest rate Weighted-average grant-date fair value A summary of TBO activity is presented below: September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Fiscal Year Ended 1.03% - 1.11% 1.11% - 1.21% 1.15% - 1.25% 2.25% - 2.94% 2.14% - 2.20% 1.50% - 2.04% 25% 6.25 $8.47 30% 6.25 $9.21 20% 6.25 $8.75 Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Weighted- Average Remaining Value ($000s) Term (Years) Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Options Granted Exercised Forfeited and expired Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Exercisable at September 28, 2018 Expected to vest at September 28, 2018 Shares (000s) 13,074 1,914 $ $ $ $ $ (1,111) $ (575) $ 13,302 8,469 4,498 24.39 40.67 21.00 34.37 26.60 21.36 35.64 $ $ $ 218,450 183,456 33,177 6.2 5.0 8.1 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Total intrinsic value exercised (in millions) Total fair value that vested (in millions) Performance-Based Options Fiscal Year Ended $ September 28, 2018 16.6 17.3 September 29, 2017 32.2 $ 17.7 September 30, 2016 49.9 $ 17.5 The Company no longer grants PBOs under the 2013 Stock Plan. All PBOs remain exercisable for ten years from the date of grant. A summary of PBO activity is presented below: Options Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Exercised Forfeited and expired Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Exercisable at September 28, 2018 Shares (000s) Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000s) Weighted- Average Remaining Term (Years) 2,182 $ — $ (302) $ (5) $ $ $ 1,875 1,875 12.28 — 11.21 10.90 12.46 12.46 $ $ 57,317 57,317 3.0 3.0 The total intrinsic value of PBOs exercised during fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 was $7.4 million, $26.6 million and $39.2 million, respectively. Time-Based Restricted Stock Units The RSU agreement provides for grants of RSUs, 25% of which will vest and be settled in shares on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the participant's continued employment with the Company through each such anniversary. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. Participants holding RSUs will receive the benefit of any dividends paid on shares in the form of additional RSUs. The unvested units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death, disability or retirement, and the units are nontransferable while subject to forfeiture. Restricted Stock Units Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Units (000s) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 1,935 1,369 (586) (310) 2,408 $ $ $ $ $ 31.44 40.34 31.73 37.01 36.66 Performance Stock Units Under the 2013 Stock Plan, the Company is authorized to grant PSUs to its employees. A participant is eligible to become vested in a number of PSUs equal to a percentage, higher or lower, of the target number of PSUs granted based on the level of the Company's achievement of the performance condition. During fiscal 2016, the Company granted PSUs with cliff vesting subject to the achievement of adjusted earnings per share in the third fiscal year of grant and the participant's continued employment with the Company, which vested at the end of fiscal 2018. During fiscal 2017, the Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted earnings per share for the cumulative three year performance period and the participant's continued employment with the Company. During fiscal 2018, the Company granted PSUs subject to the level of achievement of adjusted earnings per share and return on invested capital for the cumulative three year performance period and the participant's continued employment with the Company. The grant-date fair value of the PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. S-39 S-40 S-40 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS approximately $84.3 million at September 28, 2018 if the terminal fair value of vehicles coming off lease was zero. Consistent with past experience, management does not expect any significant payments will be required pursuant to these arrangements. No amounts have been accrued for guarantee arrangements at September 28, 2018. Rental expense for all operating leases was $187.5 million, $170.0 million and $180.7 million for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. Following is a schedule of the future minimum rental and similar commitments under all noncancelable operating leases and certain residual value guarantees as of September 28, 2018 (in thousands): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-Thereafter Total minimum rental obligations $ $ 213,439 109,152 81,105 72,020 64,352 358,302 898,370 From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are a party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business, including actions by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties, including under federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti- corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, the Company does not believe that any such actions are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Performance Stock Units Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Units (000s) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 1,270 736 (211) (181) 1,614 $ $ $ $ $ 31.82 38.95 28.79 35.40 34.99 Deferred Stock Units Deferred Stock Units are issued only to non-employee members of the Board of Directors of the Company and represent the right to receive shares of the Company's common stock in the future. Each deferred stock unit will be converted to one share of the Company's common stock on the first day of the seventh month after which such director ceases to serve as a member of the Board of Directors. The grant-date fair value of deferred stock units is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. The deferred stock units vest on the day prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders (which is generally one year after grant). The Company granted 49,193 deferred stock units during fiscal 2018. In addition, directors may elect to defer their cash retainer into Deferred Stock Units which are fully vested upon issuance. NOTE 11. EARNINGS PER SHARE: Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of stock awards. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's stockholders (in thousands, except per share data): Earnings: Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ 567,885 $ 373,923 $ 287,806 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Shares: Basic weighted-average shares outstanding Effect of dilutive securities Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding Basic Earnings Per Share: 245,771 7,581 253,352 244,453 7,104 251,557 Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Diluted Earnings Per Share: Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ $ 2.31 2.24 $ $ 1.53 1.49 $ $ 242,286 6,477 248,763 1.19 1.16 Share-based awards to purchase 1.6 million, 3.9 million and 2.1 million shares were outstanding at September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as their effect would have been antidilutive. In addition, PSUs related to 1.2 million shares, 1.2 million shares and 0.6 million shares were outstanding at September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as the performance targets were not yet met. NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES: The Company has capital and other purchase commitments of approximately $675.4 million at September 28, 2018, primarily in connection with commitments for capital projects and client contract investments to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which the Company operates. At September 28, 2018, the Company also has letters of credit outstanding in the amount of $60.2 million. Certain of the Company's lease arrangements, primarily vehicle leases, with terms of one to eight years, contain provisions related to residual value guarantees. The maximum potential liability to the Company under such arrangements was S-41 S-41 S-42 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS approximately $84.3 million at September 28, 2018 if the terminal fair value of vehicles coming off lease was zero. Consistent with past experience, management does not expect any significant payments will be required pursuant to these arrangements. No amounts have been accrued for guarantee arrangements at September 28, 2018. Rental expense for all operating leases was $187.5 million, $170.0 million and $180.7 million for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. Following is a schedule of the future minimum rental and similar commitments under all noncancelable operating leases and certain residual value guarantees as of September 28, 2018 (in thousands): $ 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-Thereafter Total minimum rental obligations $ 213,439 109,152 81,105 72,020 64,352 358,302 898,370 From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are a party to various legal actions, proceedings and investigations involving claims incidental to the conduct of their business, including actions by clients, consumers, employees, government entities and third parties, including under federal, state, international, national, provincial and local employment laws, wage and hour laws, discrimination laws, immigration laws, human health and safety laws, import and export controls and customs laws, environmental laws, false claims or whistleblower statutes, minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise statutes, tax codes, antitrust and competition laws, consumer protection statutes, procurement regulations, intellectual property laws, food safety and sanitation laws, cost and accounting principles, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other anti- corruption laws, lobbying laws, motor carrier safety laws, data privacy and security laws and alcohol licensing and service laws, or alleging negligence and/or breaches of contractual and other obligations. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage, established reserves and other resources, the Company does not believe that any such actions are likely to be, individually or in the aggregate, material to its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, in the event of unexpected further developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, or other similar matters, if unfavorable, may be materially adverse to the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Performance Stock Units Outstanding at September 29, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at September 28, 2018 Units (000s) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 1,270 736 (211) (181) 1,614 $ $ $ $ $ 31.82 38.95 28.79 35.40 34.99 Deferred Stock Units Deferred Stock Units are issued only to non-employee members of the Board of Directors of the Company and represent the right to receive shares of the Company's common stock in the future. Each deferred stock unit will be converted to one share of the Company's common stock on the first day of the seventh month after which such director ceases to serve as a member of the Board of Directors. The grant-date fair value of deferred stock units is based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. The deferred stock units vest on the day prior to the next annual meeting of stockholders (which is generally one year after grant). The Company granted 49,193 deferred stock units during fiscal 2018. In addition, directors may elect to defer their cash retainer into Deferred Stock Units which are fully vested upon issuance. NOTE 11. EARNINGS PER SHARE: Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of stock awards. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's stockholders (in thousands, except per share data): Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Earnings: Shares: Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ 567,885 $ 373,923 $ 287,806 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding Effect of dilutive securities Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 245,771 7,581 253,352 244,453 7,104 251,557 Basic Earnings Per Share: Diluted Earnings Per Share: Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders $ $ 2.31 2.24 $ $ 1.53 1.49 $ $ 242,286 6,477 248,763 1.19 1.16 Share-based awards to purchase 1.6 million, 3.9 million and 2.1 million shares were outstanding at September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as their effect would have been antidilutive. In addition, PSUs related to 1.2 million shares, 1.2 million shares and 0.6 million shares were outstanding at September 28, 2018, September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share, as the performance targets were not yet met. NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES: The Company has capital and other purchase commitments of approximately $675.4 million at September 28, 2018, primarily in connection with commitments for capital projects and client contract investments to help finance improvements or renovations at the facilities in which the Company operates. At September 28, 2018, the Company also has letters of credit outstanding in the amount of $60.2 million. Certain of the Company's lease arrangements, primarily vehicle leases, with terms of one to eight years, contain provisions related to residual value guarantees. The maximum potential liability to the Company under such arrangements was S-41 S-42 S-42 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 13. QUARTERLY RESULTS (Unaudited): The following tables summarize the Company's unaudited quarterly results for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Sales Cost of services provided Net income Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Dividends declared per common share Sales Cost of services provided Net income Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Dividends declared per common share NOTE 14. BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Quarter Ended December 29, 2017 March 30, 2018 June 29, 2018 September 28, 2018 $ 3,965,118 $ 3,939,311 $ 3,971,606 $ 3,520,064 292,440 3,561,509 27,716 3,524,804 72,716 3,913,598 3,383,810 175,568 292,284 27,569 72,577 175,455 $ $ 1.19 1.16 0.105 $ 0.11 0.11 0.105 $ 0.29 0.29 0.105 0.71 0.69 0.105 Quarter Ended December 30, 2016 March 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 September 29, 2017 $ 3,735,383 $ 3,621,628 $ 3,593,277 $ 3,299,329 125,435 3,226,196 70,231 3,232,366 65,364 3,654,124 3,231,082 113,157 125,339 70,151 65,295 113,138 $ $ 0.51 0.50 0.103 $ 0.29 0.28 0.103 $ 0.27 0.26 0.103 0.46 0.45 0.103 Prior to fiscal 2018, the Company reported its operating results in three reportable segments: FSS North America, FSS International and Uniform. Beginning in fiscal 2018, the segment reporting structure was modified to align more closely with the Company’s management and internal reporting structure, which was changed on September 30, 2017. Specifically, a majority of the Canadian operations, previously in the FSS North America segment, were combined with the FSS International reportable segment. The FSS North America reportable segment was then renamed the FSS United States reportable segment. All prior period segment information has been restated to reflect the new reportable segment structure. Management believes this new presentation enhances the utility of the segment information, as it reflects the Company’s current management structure and operating organization. The financial statement effect of this segment realignment was not material. Corporate includes general expenses and assets not specifically allocated to an individual segment and share-based compensation expense (see Note 10). In the Company's food and support services segments, approximately 77% of the global sales is related to food services and 23% is related to facilities services. Financial information by segment follows (in millions): FSS United States FSS International Uniform S-43 Sales Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 10,137.8 $ September 29, 2017 9,748.0 $ September 30, 2016 9,582.6 $ 3,655.8 1,996.0 3,291.7 1,564.7 $ 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 3,269.5 1,563.7 14,415.8 S-43 The following geographic data include sales generated by subsidiaries within that geographic area and net property & equipment based on physical location (in millions): Sales Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 $ $ 11,795.6 3,994.0 15,789.6 $ $ 11,098.0 3,506.4 14,604.4 $ $ 11,011.5 3,404.3 14,415.8 S-44 $ $ $ $ $ $ 490.2 185.3 195.3 870.8 (124.5) 746.3 (315.4) 430.9 363.6 55.9 73.9 2.4 495.8 371.7 99.8 70.7 3.3 545.5 September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 Operating Income Fiscal Year Ended $ 680.5 150.9 182.6 1,014.0 (187.9) 826.1 (354.3) $ 596.8 162.1 182.3 941.2 (133.1) 808.1 (287.4) 471.8 $ 520.7 $ Depreciation and Amortization Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 405.0 $ 372.7 $ 596.2 $ 508.2 $ Capital Expenditures and Client Contract Investments and Other* Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 494.3 $ 420.4 $ 64.8 123.4 3.0 84.1 332.5 1.2 55.3 77.2 3.0 66.1 67.5 1.0 912.1 $ 555.0 $ Identifiable Assets September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 8,482.8 $ 2,072.0 2,991.7 173.6 6,962.3 2,013.6 1,828.7 201.6 13,720.1 $ 11,006.2 Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Operating Income FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate * Includes amounts acquired in business combinations FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate United States Foreign Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 13. QUARTERLY RESULTS (Unaudited): per share amounts): The following tables summarize the Company's unaudited quarterly results for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 (in thousands, except Sales Cost of services provided Net income Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Dividends declared per common share Sales Cost of services provided Net income Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Dividends declared per common share NOTE 14. BUSINESS SEGMENTS: Quarter Ended December 29, 2017 March 30, 2018 June 29, 2018 September 28, 2018 $ 3,965,118 $ 3,939,311 $ 3,971,606 $ 3,520,064 292,440 3,561,509 27,716 3,524,804 72,716 3,913,598 3,383,810 175,568 292,284 27,569 72,577 175,455 $ 1.19 1.16 0.105 $ 0.11 0.11 0.105 $ 0.29 0.29 0.105 0.71 0.69 0.105 Quarter Ended December 30, 2016 March 31, 2017 June 30, 2017 September 29, 2017 $ 3,735,383 $ 3,621,628 $ 3,593,277 $ 3,299,329 125,435 3,226,196 70,231 3,232,366 65,364 3,654,124 3,231,082 113,157 125,339 70,151 65,295 113,138 $ 0.51 0.50 0.103 $ 0.29 0.28 0.103 $ 0.27 0.26 0.103 0.46 0.45 0.103 $ $ FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Operating Income Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Income Before Income Taxes FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate Prior to fiscal 2018, the Company reported its operating results in three reportable segments: FSS North America, FSS International and Uniform. Beginning in fiscal 2018, the segment reporting structure was modified to align more closely with the Company’s management and internal reporting structure, which was changed on September 30, 2017. Specifically, a majority of the Canadian operations, previously in the FSS North America segment, were combined with the FSS International reportable segment. The FSS North America reportable segment was then renamed the FSS United States reportable segment. All prior period segment information has been restated to reflect the new reportable segment structure. Management believes this new presentation enhances the utility of the segment information, as it reflects the Company’s current management structure and operating organization. The financial statement effect of this segment realignment was not material. Corporate includes general expenses and assets not specifically allocated to an individual segment and share-based compensation expense (see Note 10). In the Company's food and support services segments, approximately 77% of the global sales is related to food services and 23% is related to facilities services. Financial information by segment follows (in millions): * Includes amounts acquired in business combinations FSS United States FSS International Uniform Corporate September 28, 2018 680.5 150.9 182.6 1,014.0 (187.9) 826.1 (354.3) 471.8 $ $ Operating Income Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2017 596.8 $ 162.1 182.3 941.2 (133.1) 808.1 (287.4) 520.7 $ September 30, 2016 490.2 $ 185.3 195.3 870.8 (124.5) 746.3 (315.4) 430.9 $ Depreciation and Amortization Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 405.0 $ September 29, 2017 372.7 $ September 30, 2016 363.6 $ 64.8 123.4 3.0 596.2 $ 55.3 77.2 3.0 508.2 $ 55.9 73.9 2.4 495.8 $ Capital Expenditures and Client Contract Investments and Other* Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 494.3 $ September 29, 2017 420.4 $ September 30, 2016 371.7 $ 84.1 332.5 1.2 66.1 67.5 1.0 $ 912.1 $ 555.0 $ 99.8 70.7 3.3 545.5 Identifiable Assets September 28, 2018 8,482.8 $ September 29, 2017 6,962.3 $ 2,072.0 2,991.7 173.6 2,013.6 1,828.7 201.6 $ 13,720.1 $ 11,006.2 FSS United States FSS International Uniform Sales Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 September 30, 2016 10,137.8 $ 9,748.0 $ 3,655.8 1,996.0 3,291.7 1,564.7 9,582.6 3,269.5 1,563.7 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 14,415.8 $ $ S-43 The following geographic data include sales generated by subsidiaries within that geographic area and net property & equipment based on physical location (in millions): United States Foreign Sales Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2018 11,795.6 September 29, 2017 11,098.0 $ September 30, 2016 11,011.5 $ 3,994.0 3,506.4 15,789.6 $ 14,604.4 $ 3,404.3 14,415.8 $ $ S-44 S-44 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS United States Foreign Property and Equipment, net September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 1,065.9 312.2 1,378.1 $ $ 838.2 203.8 1,042.0 NOTE 15. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES: Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The hierarchical levels related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are defined as follows: • • • Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement Recurring Fair Value Measurements The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, borrowings and derivatives. Management believes that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values. In conjunction with the fair value measurement of the derivative instruments, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio, the gross values would not be materially different. The fair value of the Company's debt at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was $7,303.1 million and $5,450.1 million, respectively. The carrying value of the Company's debt at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was $7,244.0 million and $5,268.5 million, respectively. The fair values were computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of the Company's debt has been classified as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy levels. NOTE 16. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES: The following condensed consolidating financial statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidating financial statements are presented for: (i) Aramark (the "Parent"); (ii) Aramark Services, Inc. and Aramark International Finance S.à.r.l. (the "Issuers"); (iii) the guarantors; (iv) the non guarantors; (v) elimination entries necessary to consolidate the Parent with the Issuers, the guarantors and non guarantors; and (vi) the Company on a consolidated basis. Each of the guarantors is wholly-owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. The 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes"), 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "5.000% 2025 Notes"), 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "3.125% 2025 Notes" and, together with the 5.000% 2025 Notes, the "2025 Notes"), 4.75% Senior Notes due June 1, 2026 ("2026 Notes") and 5.000% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes") are obligations of the Company's wholly- owned subsidiary, Aramark Services, Inc., (other than the 3.125% 2025 Notes, which are obligations of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Aramark International Finance S.a.r.l) and are each jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries (excluding the Receivables Facility subsidiary) ("Guarantors"). All other subsidiaries of the Company, either direct or indirect, are non guarantors and do not guarantee the 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes or 2028 Notes ("Non-Guarantors"). The Guarantors also guarantee certain other debt. These condensed consolidating financial statements have been prepared from the Company's financial information on the same basis of accounting as the consolidated financial statements. Interest expense and certain other costs are partially allocated to all of the subsidiaries of the Company. Other intangible assets have been allocated to the subsidiaries based on management's estimates. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS September 28, 2018 (in thousands) Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non Cash and cash equivalents $ $ 50,716 $ 29,844 $ 134,460 $ — $ 215,025 ASSETS Current Assets: Receivables Inventories assets Prepayments and other current Total current assets Property and Equipment, net Goodwill Investment in and Advances to Subsidiaries Other Intangible Assets Other Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Intercompany Payable Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest 5 — — — 5 — — — — — — — — — — 1,038 15,857 21,411 89,022 28,341 173,104 443,599 592,259 1,345,796 116,686 86,100 63,654 1,151,802 1,660,596 1,013,523 4,783,547 336,230 653,917 — — — — — — — 88 88 — — — 1,790,433 724,802 171,165 2,901,425 1,378,094 5,610,568 1,018,920 1,440,332 2,490,159 7,213,077 977,215 — 10,093 3,029,553 7,441,605 90,049 844,245 (11,405,452) — 29,684 1,919,795 100,754 1,264,976 187,365 329,443 — 2,136,844 (2,002) 1,693,171 $ 3,029,558 $ 7,862,510 $10,223,692 $ 4,011,796 $(11,407,454) $13,720,102 $ — $ — $ 26,564 $ 4,343 $ — $ 30,907 128,460 483,606 406,854 205,807 334,267 926,794 1,436,964 — 6,651,110 82,097 307,643 718,840 479,870 432,583 466,331 78,301 — 4,827,084 955,407 (5,782,491) — 10,093 — Total Stockholders' Equity 3,029,558 444,550 3,401,123 1,779,378 (5,625,051) 3,029,558 $ 3,029,558 $ 7,862,510 $10,223,692 $ 4,011,796 $(11,407,454) $13,720,102 S-45 S-45 S-46 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS United States Foreign Property and Equipment, net September 28, 2018 September 29, 2017 $ $ 1,065.9 312.2 1,378.1 $ $ 838.2 203.8 1,042.0 NOTE 15. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES: Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are classified based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The hierarchical levels related to the subjectivity of the valuation inputs are defined as follows: Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets • • • Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement Recurring Fair Value Measurements The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, borrowings and derivatives. Management believes that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values. In conjunction with the fair value measurement of the derivative instruments, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio, the gross values would not be materially different. The fair value of the Company's debt at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was $7,303.1 million and $5,450.1 million, respectively. The carrying value of the Company's debt at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was $7,244.0 million and $5,268.5 million, respectively. The fair values were computed using market quotes, if available, or based on discounted cash flows using market interest rates as of the end of the respective periods. The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of the Company's debt has been classified as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy levels. NOTE 16. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES: The following condensed consolidating financial statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidating financial statements are presented for: (i) Aramark (the "Parent"); (ii) Aramark Services, Inc. and Aramark International Finance S.à.r.l. (the "Issuers"); (iii) the guarantors; (iv) the non guarantors; (v) elimination entries necessary to consolidate the Parent with the Issuers, the guarantors and non guarantors; and (vi) the Company on a consolidated basis. Each of the guarantors is wholly-owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. The 5.125% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes"), 5.000% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "5.000% 2025 Notes"), 3.125% Senior Notes due April 1, 2025 (the "3.125% 2025 Notes" and, together with the 5.000% 2025 Notes, the "2025 Notes"), 4.75% Senior Notes due June 1, 2026 ("2026 Notes") and 5.000% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes") are obligations of the Company's wholly- owned subsidiary, Aramark Services, Inc., (other than the 3.125% 2025 Notes, which are obligations of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Aramark International Finance S.a.r.l) and are each jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and substantially all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries (excluding the Receivables Facility subsidiary) ("Guarantors"). All other subsidiaries of the Company, either direct or indirect, are non guarantors and do not guarantee the 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes or 2028 Notes ("Non-Guarantors"). The Guarantors also guarantee certain other debt. These condensed consolidating financial statements have been prepared from the Company's financial information on the same basis of accounting as the consolidated financial statements. Interest expense and certain other costs are partially allocated to all of the subsidiaries of the Company. Other intangible assets have been allocated to the subsidiaries based on management's estimates. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS September 28, 2018 (in thousands) Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ 50,716 $ 29,844 $ 134,460 $ — $ 215,025 1,038 15,857 21,411 89,022 28,341 443,599 592,259 1,345,796 116,686 86,100 63,654 1,151,802 1,660,596 1,013,523 173,104 4,783,547 336,230 653,917 844,245 187,365 329,443 3,029,553 7,441,605 90,049 — — 29,684 1,919,795 100,754 1,264,976 $ 3,029,558 $ 7,862,510 $10,223,692 $ 4,011,796 (11,405,452) — (2,002) 1,693,171 $(11,407,454) $13,720,102 — — — — — — — 88 88 — 1,790,433 724,802 171,165 2,901,425 1,378,094 5,610,568 — 2,136,844 1,018,920 1,440,332 2,490,159 7,213,077 977,215 — 10,093 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ Receivables Inventories Prepayments and other current assets Total current assets Property and Equipment, net Goodwill Investment in and Advances to Subsidiaries Other Intangible Assets Other Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Intercompany Payable Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest 5 — — — 5 — — — — — $ — $ — $ 26,564 $ 4,343 $ — $ 30,907 128,460 483,606 406,854 205,807 334,267 926,794 1,436,964 — 6,651,110 82,097 — — — 432,583 466,331 — 4,827,084 — 10,093 307,643 718,840 479,870 78,301 955,407 — — (5,782,491) — (5,625,051) Total Stockholders' Equity 3,029,558 444,550 3,401,123 1,779,378 $ 3,029,558 $ 7,862,510 $10,223,692 $ 4,011,796 3,029,558 $(11,407,454) $13,720,102 S-45 S-46 S-46 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS September 29, 2017 (in thousands) Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ 111,512 $ 37,513 $ 89,767 $ — $ 238,797 848,739 9,135,305 4,006,141 — 13,990,185 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ Receivables Inventories Prepayments and other current assets Total current assets Property and Equipment, net Goodwill Investment in and Advances to Subsidiaries Other Intangible Assets Other Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Intercompany Payable Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest 5 — — — 5 — — — — — 303,664 514,267 1,308,608 80,728 3,721 15,737 14,123 145,093 29,869 83,404 938,848 775,362 173,104 3,874,647 90,090 1,569,193 236,800 667,760 567,277 177,141 311,112 2,459,056 — 5,248,858 29,683 90,049 914,000 — 53,538 1,112,076 $ 2,459,061 $ 5,680,145 $ 7,704,982 $ 3,529,283 (8,365,240) — (2,002) 1,474,724 $ (8,367,242) $11,006,229 $ — $ 33,487 $ 20,330 $ 24,340 $ — $ 78,157 167,926 461,192 326,807 200,130 401,543 814,542 1,296,064 — 4,460,730 63,604 — — — 425,297 513,797 — 5,224,196 — 9,798 319,253 670,400 665,997 39,850 747,347 — — (5,971,543) — (2,395,787) — — — — — — — 88 88 — 1,615,993 610,732 187,617 2,653,139 1,042,031 4,715,511 — 1,120,824 955,925 1,334,013 2,368,095 5,190,331 978,944 — 9,798 Total Stockholders' Equity 2,459,061 392,575 597,523 1,405,689 $ 2,459,061 $ 5,680,145 $ 7,704,982 $ 3,529,283 2,459,061 $ (8,367,242) $11,006,229 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended September 28, 2018 (in thousands) Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ — $1,027,573 $10,432,088 $4,329,972 $ — $15,789,633 Non Expense allocations — (374,970) 353,628 — 1,017,355 10,128,055 4,172,347 — 15,317,757 Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Income before Income Taxes Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders net of tax Other comprehensive income (loss), Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders — — — — — — — 19,466 483,106 93,610 195,093 329,027 158,064 (2,048) 23,972 27,282 21,342 10,218 304,033 (3,521) (143,452) 157,625 50,409 — — — — — — 596,182 377,129 354,261 — 471,876 (96,564) — 568,440 567,885 567,885 13,739 447,485 107,216 — — — 555 (567,885) (567,885) — — — 555 567,885 13,739 446,930 107,216 (567,885) 567,885 32,537 43,686 3,178 (36,776) (10,088) 32,537 $ 600,422 $ 57,425 $ 450,108 $ 70,440 $ (577,973) $ 600,422 S-47 S-47 S-48 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS September 29, 2017 (in thousands) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the year ended September 28, 2018 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ $ 111,512 $ 37,513 $ 89,767 $ — $ 238,797 ASSETS Current Assets: Receivables Inventories assets Prepayments and other current Total current assets Property and Equipment, net Goodwill Investment in and Advances to Subsidiaries Other Intangible Assets Other Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term borrowings Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Total current liabilities Long-term Borrowings Deferred Income Taxes and Other Noncurrent Liabilities Intercompany Payable Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non 5 — — — 5 — — — — — — — — — — 303,664 514,267 1,308,608 80,728 3,721 15,737 14,123 145,093 29,869 83,404 938,848 775,362 173,104 3,874,647 29,683 53,538 90,049 914,000 1,112,076 90,090 1,569,193 236,800 667,760 567,277 177,141 311,112 2,459,056 5,248,858 (8,365,240) — — 1,120,824 (2,002) 1,474,724 — — — — — — — 88 88 — — — 1,615,993 610,732 187,617 2,653,139 1,042,031 4,715,511 955,925 1,334,013 2,368,095 5,190,331 978,944 — 9,798 $ 2,459,061 $ 5,680,145 $ 7,704,982 $ 3,529,283 $ (8,367,242) $11,006,229 $ — $ 33,487 $ 20,330 $ 24,340 $ — $ 78,157 167,926 461,192 326,807 200,130 401,543 814,542 1,296,064 — 4,460,730 63,604 319,253 670,400 665,997 425,297 513,797 39,850 — 5,224,196 747,347 (5,971,543) — 9,798 — Total Stockholders' Equity 2,459,061 392,575 597,523 1,405,689 (2,395,787) 2,459,061 $ 2,459,061 $ 5,680,145 $ 7,704,982 $ 3,529,283 $ (8,367,242) $11,006,229 Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Expense allocations Income before Income Taxes Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ — $1,027,573 $10,432,088 $4,329,972 $ — $15,789,633 848,739 9,135,305 4,006,141 — 13,990,185 19,466 483,106 93,610 158,064 (2,048) 353,628 23,972 27,282 21,342 — — — — 596,182 377,129 354,261 — — — — 195,093 — 329,027 — (374,970) — 1,017,355 10,128,055 4,172,347 — 15,317,757 — — 567,885 567,885 10,218 (3,521) — 13,739 304,033 (143,452) — 157,625 50,409 — 447,485 107,216 — — (567,885) (567,885) 471,876 (96,564) — 568,440 — — 555 — — 555 567,885 13,739 446,930 107,216 (567,885) 567,885 32,537 43,686 3,178 (36,776) (10,088) 32,537 $ 600,422 $ 57,425 $ 450,108 $ 70,440 $ (577,973) $ 600,422 S-47 S-48 S-48 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the year ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands) Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Expense allocations Income before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income, net of tax Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ — $1,041,490 $ 9,708,157 $3,854,765 $ — $14,604,412 941,031 8,507,680 3,540,262 — 12,988,973 17,502 416,979 73,731 138,304 (3,171) 318,199 20,561 17,181 29,843 — — — — 508,212 299,170 287,415 — — — — 140,305 — 273,405 (348,042) — 1,024,201 — 9,377,991 3,681,578 — 14,083,770 — — 373,923 373,923 17,289 5,139 — 330,166 98,144 — 173,187 43,172 — 12,150 232,022 130,015 — — (373,923) (373,923) 520,642 146,455 — 374,187 — — 264 — — 264 373,923 12,150 231,758 130,015 (373,923) 373,923 57,023 35,667 431 80,204 (116,302) 57,023 $430,946 $ 47,817 $ 232,189 $ 210,219 $ (490,225) $ 430,946 Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Expense allocations Income Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders net of tax Other comprehensive income (loss), Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Aramark stockholders Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non $ — $1,025,664 $ 9,670,207 $3,719,958 $ — $14,415,829 939,925 8,536,196 3,414,287 — 12,890,408 15,670 406,154 73,941 — 1,024,475 9,378,918 3,581,505 — 13,984,898 134,705 293,072 130,153 (2,513) (358,897) 308,928 1,189 427 — 762 — 291,289 104,377 — 426 18,484 24,824 49,969 138,453 37,895 — — 287,806 287,806 186,912 100,558 (287,806) (287,806) — — — — — — — 495,765 283,342 315,383 — 430,931 142,699 — 288,232 426 — — — — — — — — 287,806 762 186,486 100,558 (287,806) 287,806 (14,215) (16,093) (7,284) 1,176 22,201 (14,215) $273,591 $ (15,331) $ 179,202 $ 101,734 $ (265,605) $ 273,591 S-49 S-49 S-50 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands) Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Expense allocations Income before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income, net of tax Comprehensive income attributable to Aramark stockholders Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non $ — $1,041,490 $ 9,708,157 $3,854,765 $ — $14,604,412 941,031 8,507,680 3,540,262 — 12,988,973 17,502 416,979 73,731 — 1,024,201 9,377,991 3,681,578 — 14,083,770 140,305 273,405 138,304 (3,171) (348,042) 318,199 17,289 5,139 — — 330,166 98,144 — 264 20,561 17,181 29,843 173,187 43,172 — — 373,923 373,923 12,150 232,022 130,015 (373,923) (373,923) — — — — — — — 508,212 299,170 287,415 — 520,642 146,455 — 374,187 264 — — — — — — — — 373,923 12,150 231,758 130,015 (373,923) 373,923 57,023 35,667 431 80,204 (116,302) 57,023 $430,946 $ 47,817 $ 232,189 $ 210,219 $ (490,225) $ 430,946 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the year ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Sales Costs and Expenses: Cost of services provided Depreciation and amortization Selling and general corporate expenses Interest and other financing costs, net Expense allocations Income Before Income Taxes Provision for Income Taxes Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries Net income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to Aramark stockholders Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Aramark stockholders Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated $ — $1,025,664 $ 9,670,207 $3,719,958 $ — $14,415,829 — — — 134,705 — 293,072 (358,897) — 1,024,475 — — — 287,806 287,806 — 1,189 427 — 762 — 939,925 8,536,196 3,414,287 — 12,890,408 15,670 406,154 73,941 130,153 (2,513) 308,928 18,484 24,824 49,969 — — — — 495,765 283,342 315,383 — 9,378,918 3,581,505 — 13,984,898 291,289 104,377 — 138,453 37,895 — 186,912 100,558 — — (287,806) (287,806) 430,931 142,699 — 288,232 426 — — 426 287,806 762 186,486 100,558 (287,806) 287,806 (14,215) (16,093) (7,284) 1,176 22,201 (14,215) $273,591 $ (15,331) $ 179,202 $ 101,734 $ (265,605) $ 273,591 S-49 S-50 S-50 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the year ended September 28, 2018 (in thousands) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 111,541 $ 690,218 $ 311,179 $ (65,587) $ 1,047,351 Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 261,282 $ 779,801 $ 200,579 $ (188,275) $ 1,053,387 Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ — — (13,133) 2,252 (532,923) 4,301 (82,548) 3,938 — (2,381,800) (3,095) — — (2,395,776) 244,581 328 (283,713) (103,065) (4,112) (185,787) — — (628,604) 10,491 — (2,240,284) (6,879) — — (2,865,276) — 3,012,072 (833,854) — — (28,142) 165,241 (111,693) — 3,177,313 (973,689) — Proceeds from long-term borrowings — 3,451,164 — 400,253 Payments of long-term borrowings — (3,572,268) (19,851) (319,873) — 3,851,417 — (3,911,992) — — — — — — — (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (45,905) 197,144 — — — — (2,958) (383,074) (254,200) — — — (390) 120,343 — — — — — 65,587 (254,200) (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (49,253) — — 2,223,439 (414,174) (80,699) 65,587 1,794,153 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash used in financing activities Increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5 5 (20,939) (443,262) (88,528) 494 14,780 3,632 — (37,130) (104,992) (69,401) (89,846) 36,946 29,916 (428,666) (159,972) — (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (69,172) — — — — (13,800) — — — (2,973) 29,868 254,536 (322,142) (120,669) (107,774) (344,966) (24,221) 188,275 188,275 63,662 6,169 16,386 47,850 31,344 73,381 — — — — — — — — — — — — (552,729) 18,906 (142,122) (2,539) (678,484) (13,800) (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (42,277) — (288,686) 86,217 152,580 — — (23,772) 238,797 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ $ 111,512 $ 37,513 $ 89,767 $ — $ 238,797 — (60,796) (7,669) 44,693 111,512 37,513 89,767 5 5 $ 50,716 $ 29,844 $ 134,460 $ — $ 215,025 S-51 S-51 S-52 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KCONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the year ended September 29, 2017 (in thousands) ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended September 28, 2018 (in thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 111,541 $ 690,218 $ 311,179 $ (65,587) $ 1,047,351 Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 261,282 $ 779,801 $ 200,579 $ (188,275) $ 1,053,387 Aramark (Parent) Issuers Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Proceeds from long-term borrowings — 3,012,072 — 165,241 — 3,177,313 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities equivalents period (Decrease) increase in cash and cash Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of — — — — — — — — — — 5 5 (13,133) (532,923) (82,548) 2,252 4,301 3,938 (628,604) 10,491 — (2,381,800) 244,581 (103,065) — (2,240,284) (3,095) 328 (4,112) (6,879) — (2,395,776) (283,713) (185,787) — (2,865,276) (833,854) (28,142) (111,693) — (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (45,905) — — — — (254,200) — — — (2,958) (390) 197,144 (383,074) 120,343 65,587 — 2,223,439 (414,174) (80,699) 65,587 1,794,153 — (60,796) (7,669) 44,693 111,512 37,513 89,767 — — — — — — — — — — — (973,689) (254,200) (103,115) 21,507 (24,410) (49,253) — (23,772) 238,797 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ $ 50,716 $ 29,844 $ 134,460 $ — $ 215,025 Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash used in financing activities Increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ — — — — — (20,939) 494 (443,262) 14,780 (88,528) 3,632 — (69,401) (89,846) (37,130) 36,946 (428,666) (104,992) 29,916 (159,972) — — — — — (552,729) 18,906 (142,122) (2,539) (678,484) — 3,451,164 — (3,572,268) — (19,851) 400,253 (319,873) — 3,851,417 — (3,911,992) — — — — — — — — 5 5 — (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (69,172) 254,536 (107,774) 63,662 — — — — (2,973) (322,142) (344,966) 6,169 (13,800) — — — 29,868 (120,669) (24,221) 16,386 47,850 31,344 73,381 — — — — — 188,275 188,275 — — (13,800) (100,813) 28,779 (100,000) (42,277) — (288,686) 86,217 152,580 $ 111,512 $ 37,513 $ 89,767 $ — $ 238,797 S-51 S-52 S-52 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the year ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 160,790 $ 587,572 $ 124,191 $ (5,239) $ 867,314 Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Non Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term borrowings Payments of long-term borrowings Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ — — — — — (22,326) 1,832 (419,009) 20,353 (71,197) 4,639 — 1,576 (18,918) (231) 5,202 (393,685) (199,146) (1,438) (267,142) — — — — — (512,532) 26,824 (199,377) 5,340 (679,745) — 1,397,714 — (1,217,292) — (15,418) 2,274 (130,824) — 1,399,988 — (1,363,534) — — — — — — — — 5 5 — (92,074) 35,705 (749) (51,495) (197,623) — — — — (2,513) (187,423) (82,000) — — — (733) 379,807 — — — — — 5,239 (82,000) (92,074) 35,705 (749) (54,741) — (125,814) (205,354) 168,524 5,239 (157,405) 16,058 (11,467) 25,573 31,792 42,811 47,808 — — 30,164 122,416 $ 47,850 $ 31,344 $ 73,381 $ — $ 152,580 SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES Balance, Beginning of Period Additions Charged to Income Reductions Deductions from Reserves (1) Balance, End of Period Description Fiscal Year 2018 Fiscal Year 2017 Fiscal Year 2016 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ 53,416 $ 22,009 $ 22,743 $ 52,682 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ 48,058 $ 18,141 $ 12,783 $ 53,416 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ 39,023 $ 21,913 $ 12,878 $ 48,058 (1) Amounts determined not to be collectible and charged against the reserve and translation. S-53 S-53 S-54 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the year ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $ — $ 160,790 $ 587,572 $ 124,191 $ (5,239) $ 867,314 Aramark (Parent) Aramark Services, Inc. Guarantors Guarantors Eliminations Consolidated Non Proceeds from long-term borrowings — 1,397,714 2,274 Payments of long-term borrowings — (1,217,292) (15,418) (130,824) — 1,399,988 — (1,363,534) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other Disposals of property and equipment Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired Other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Net change in funding under the Receivables Facility Payments of dividends Proceeds from issuance of common stock Repurchase of common stock Other financing activities Change in intercompany, net Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities equivalents period Increase (decrease) in cash and cash Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5 5 (22,326) (419,009) (71,197) 1,832 20,353 4,639 — 1,576 (231) (199,146) 5,202 (1,438) (18,918) (393,685) (267,142) — — — — — (82,000) — — — — (92,074) 35,705 (749) — — — — — — — — — — — — (512,532) 26,824 (199,377) 5,340 (679,745) (82,000) (92,074) 35,705 (749) (54,741) — 30,164 122,416 (51,495) (2,513) (733) (197,623) (187,423) 379,807 5,239 (125,814) (205,354) 168,524 5,239 (157,405) 16,058 (11,467) 25,573 31,792 42,811 47,808 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ $ 47,850 $ 31,344 $ 73,381 $ — $ 152,580 SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 28, 2018, SEPTEMBER 29, 2017 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 2016 ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES Balance, Beginning of Period Additions Charged to Income Reductions Deductions from Reserves (1) Balance, End of Period Description Fiscal Year 2018 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ Fiscal Year 2017 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ Fiscal Year 2016 Reserve for doubtful accounts, advances & current notes receivable $ 53,416 $ 22,009 $ 22,743 $ 52,682 48,058 $ 18,141 $ 12,783 $ 53,416 39,023 $ 21,913 $ 12,878 $ 48,058 (1) Amounts determined not to be collectible and charged against the reserve and translation. S-53 S-54 S-54 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KCopies of any of the following exhibits are available to Stockholders for the cost of reproduction upon written request to the Secretary, Aramark, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Description 2.1# Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 13, 2017, by and among Avendra LLC, Aramark, Capital Merger Sub, LLC, and Marriott International, Inc., as Holder Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 16, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 2.2# Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 13, 2017, by and among AmeriPride Services Inc., Aramark, Timberwolf Acquisition Corporation, and Bruce M. Steiner, as Stockholder Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 16, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 16, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.2 Certificate of Ownership and Merger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 15, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.3 Amended and Restated By-laws of Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly 4.1 Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)) . Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2015, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 17, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 4.2 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Indenture dated as of March 22, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indenture dated as of March 27, 2017, among Aramark International Finance S.a. r.l., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, Aramark Services, Inc., the other guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and registrar, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent and transfer agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indenture, dated as of January 18, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.1 Credit Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l., each subsidiary of the U.S. Borrower that from time to time becomes a party thereto, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto, the issuing banks named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on March 29, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). S-55 S-56 S-55 10.2 Incremental Amendment No. 1, dated as of September 20, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”) Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd. (“Aramark Canada”), ARAMARK Investments Limited (“Aramark UK”), and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, Aramark Canada, Aramark UK, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (including the financial institutions party to the Incremental Amendment, the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 26, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.3 Incremental Amendment No. 2, dated as of December 11, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”) and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.4 Incremental Amendment No. 3, dated as of February 28, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc., ARAMARK Canada Ltd., and Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.5 Amendment No. 4, dated as of May 11, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. (the “Yen Term C Lender”) and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Aramark Intermediate Holdco Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 7, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.6 Amendment No. 5, dated as of May 24, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, each Converting U.S. Term B-2 Lender (as defined therein), the Additional U.S. Term B-2 Lender (as defined therein), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 31, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Aramark 2018 Form 10-KCopies of any of the following exhibits are available to Stockholders for the cost of reproduction upon written request to the Secretary, Aramark, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Description 2.1# Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 13, 2017, by and among Avendra LLC, Aramark, Capital Merger Sub, LLC, and Marriott International, Inc., as Holder Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 16, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 2.2# Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 13, 2017, by and among AmeriPride Services Inc., Aramark, Timberwolf Acquisition Corporation, and Bruce M. Steiner, as Stockholder Representative (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 16, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 16, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.2 Certificate of Ownership and Merger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 15, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 3.3 Amended and Restated By-laws of Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)) . 4.1 Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2015, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 17, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 4.3 4.4 4.2 Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indenture, dated as of May 31, 2016, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indenture dated as of March 22, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 4.5 Indenture dated as of March 27, 2017, among Aramark International Finance S.a. r.l., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, Aramark Services, Inc., the other guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and registrar, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent and transfer agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 28, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 4.6 Indenture, dated as of January 18, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc., as issuer, Aramark, as parent guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 24, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.1 Credit Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l., each subsidiary of the U.S. Borrower that from time to time becomes a party thereto, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto, the issuing banks named therein, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on March 29, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.2 10.3 10.4 Incremental Amendment No. 1, dated as of September 20, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”) Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd. (“Aramark Canada”), ARAMARK Investments Limited (“Aramark UK”), and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, Aramark Canada, Aramark UK, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (including the financial institutions party to the Incremental Amendment, the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 26, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Incremental Amendment No. 2, dated as of December 11, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”) and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Incremental Amendment No. 3, dated as of February 28, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc., ARAMARK Canada Ltd., and Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among Aramark Services, Inc., Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of Aramark Services, Inc., the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.5 Amendment No. 4, dated as of May 11, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. (the “Yen Term C Lender”) and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Aramark Intermediate Holdco Corporation, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 7, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.6 Amendment No. 5, dated as of May 24, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, each Converting U.S. Term B-2 Lender (as defined therein), the Additional U.S. Term B-2 Lender (as defined therein), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 31, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). S-55 S-56 S-56 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.7 Amendment No. 6, dated as of June 12, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, each Converting U.S. Term B-3 Lender (as defined therein), the Additional U.S. Term B-3 Lender (as defined therein), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 18, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.8 Amendment No. 7 (the “Amendment”), dated as of October 1, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), ARAMARK Canada Ltd. (the “Canadian Borrower”), ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Limited (together with ARAMARK Investments Limited, the “UK Borrowers”), ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company (together with ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, the “Irish Borrowers”), ARAMARK Holdings Deutschland GMBH (as successor by merger to ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, the “German Borrower”), Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. (the “Luxembourg Borrower”), certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, the Canadian Borrower, the UK Borrower, the Irish Borrowers, the German Borrower, the Luxembourg Borrower and certain other wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 4, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.9 U.S. Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017 by and among Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, Aramark Services, Inc., the Subsidiary Parties from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.10 Amended and Restated Registration Rights and Coordination Committee Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2013, among Aramark and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 16, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.11† Letter Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.12† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.13† Amendment, effective as of June 25, 2013, to the Letter Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.14† Form of Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition and Schedule 1 listing each Executive Officer who is a party to such Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 19, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.15† Form of Amendment to Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2008, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.16† Offer Letter dated July 20, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Stephen R. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.17† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated December 6, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Stephen R. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.18† Offer Letter dated March 12, 2015, between Aramark and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.19† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated March 12, 2015 between Aramark and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.20† Offer Letter dated October 13, 2014, between Aramark and Harrald Kroeker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.21† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated November 26, 2013 between Aramark Corporation and Harrald Kroeker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file 10.22† Form of Indemnification Agreement and attached schedule (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2005, pursuant to the Exchange 10.23† Form of Indemnification Agreement (Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number number 001-36223)). Act (file number 001-16807)). 001-36223). 10.24† Indemnification Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Eric Foss and Aramark Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.25† Indemnification Agreement dated December 12, 2012 between Stephen R. Reynolds and Aramark Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.26† Indemnification Agreement dated February 4, 2014 between Daniel J. Heinrich and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.27† Indemnification Agreement dated February 4, 2014 between Stephen Sadove and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.28† Indemnification Agreement dated April 6, 2015, between Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.29† Aramark 2001 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 24, 2002 (file number 333-89120)). 10.30† Amended and Restated Aramark 2001 Stock Unit Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2003, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-16807)). 10.31† Second Amended and Restated Aramark Savings Incentive Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013, (file number 333-191057)). 10.32† Amended Survivor Income Protection Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.33† Second Amended and Restated Aramark 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.34† Third Amended and Restated 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 10, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.35† Amended and Restated Aramark Senior Executive Performance Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 7, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.36† Amended and Restated Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.37† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (2016) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 10, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.38† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). S-57 S-58 S-57 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.7 Amendment No. 6, dated as of June 12, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, each Converting U.S. Term B-3 Lender (as defined therein), the Additional U.S. Term B-3 Lender (as defined therein), the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, ARAMARK Canada Ltd., ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company, ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. and certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 18, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.8 Amendment No. 7 (the “Amendment”), dated as of October 1, 2018, among Aramark Services, Inc. (the “Company”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation (“Holdings”), ARAMARK Canada Ltd. (the “Canadian Borrower”), ARAMARK Investments Limited, ARAMARK Limited (together with ARAMARK Investments Limited, the “UK Borrowers”), ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, ARAMARK Regional Treasury Europe, Designated Activity Company (together with ARAMARK Ireland Holdings Limited, the “Irish Borrowers”), ARAMARK Holdings Deutschland GMBH (as successor by merger to ARAMARK Holdings GmbH & Co. KG, the “German Borrower”), Aramark International Finance S.à r.l. (the “Luxembourg Borrower”), certain other wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the Lenders (as defined below) and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder to the credit agreement, dated March 28, 2017, among the Company, Holdings, the Canadian Borrower, the UK Borrower, the Irish Borrowers, the German Borrower, the Luxembourg Borrower and certain other wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), the issuing banks named therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent for the Lenders and collateral agent for the secured parties thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 4, 2018 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.9 U.S. Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017 by and among Aramark Intermediate HoldCo Corporation, Aramark Services, Inc., the Subsidiary Parties from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.10 Amended and Restated Registration Rights and Coordination Committee Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2013, among Aramark and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 16, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.11† Letter Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.12† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.13† Amendment, effective as of June 25, 2013, to the Letter Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Eric Foss (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.14† Form of Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition and Schedule 1 listing each Executive Officer who is a party to such Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 19, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.15† Form of Amendment to Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2008, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.16† Offer Letter dated July 20, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Stephen R. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.17† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated December 6, 2012 between Aramark Services, Inc. and Stephen R. Reynolds (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.18† Offer Letter dated March 12, 2015, between Aramark and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.19† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated March 12, 2015 between Aramark and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.20† Offer Letter dated October 13, 2014, between Aramark and Harrald Kroeker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.21† Agreement Relating to Employment and Post-Employment Competition dated November 26, 2013 between Aramark Corporation and Harrald Kroeker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.22† Form of Indemnification Agreement and attached schedule (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2005, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-16807)). 10.23† Form of Indemnification Agreement (Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.24† 10.25† 10.26† 10.27† 10.28† Indemnification Agreement dated May 7, 2012 between Eric Foss and Aramark Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). Indemnification Agreement dated December 12, 2012 between Stephen R. Reynolds and Aramark Services, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). Indemnification Agreement dated February 4, 2014 between Daniel J. Heinrich and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indemnification Agreement dated February 4, 2014 between Stephen Sadove and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). Indemnification Agreement dated April 6, 2015, between Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. and Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.29† Aramark 2001 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 24, 2002 (file number 333-89120)). 10.30† Amended and Restated Aramark 2001 Stock Unit Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2003, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-16807)). 10.31† Second Amended and Restated Aramark Savings Incentive Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013, (file number 333-191057)). 10.32† Amended Survivor Income Protection Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.33† Second Amended and Restated Aramark 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.34† Third Amended and Restated 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 10, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.35† Amended and Restated Aramark Senior Executive Performance Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 7, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.36† Amended and Restated Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.37† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (2016) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 10, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.38† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). S-57 S-58 S-58 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.39† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 6, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.40*† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan. 10.41† Aramark 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.42† Fifth Amended and Restated Aramark 2007 Management Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.43† Aramark's Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 7, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.44† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 1, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-16807)). 10.45† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.46† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 16, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.47† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.48† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.49† Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements dated March 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.50† Form of Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.51† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.52† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.53† Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.54† Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.55† Form of Replacement Stock Option Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.56† Schedule 1s to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2009, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.57† Schedules 1 to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.58† New Schedule 1 to Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.59† Revised Schedule 1s to outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.60† New Schedule 1 to Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 19, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.61† Revised Schedule 1s to outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 19, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.62† Revised Schedule 1s to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.63† Form of Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.64† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.65† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.72 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.66† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.67† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange 10.68† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange 10.69† Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number Act (file number 001-36223)). Act (file number 001-36223)). 001-36223)). 10.70† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.71† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.72† Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.73† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.74† Form of Schedule I to Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.75† Form of Schedule I to Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.76† Form of Schedule I to Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.77† Form of Schedule I to Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.78† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Time Vesting) (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.79† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). S-59 S-60 S-59 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.39† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 6, 2018, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36233)). 10.40*† Amended and Restated Aramark Executive Leadership Council Management Incentive Bonus Plan. 10.41† Aramark 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.42† Fifth Amended and Restated Aramark 2007 Management Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.43† Aramark's Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 7, 2017, pursuant to the Exchange Act 10.44† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 1, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file (file number 001-36233)). number 001-16807)). number 001-04762)). number 001-04762)). number 001-04762)). 10.45† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file 10.46† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 16, 2007, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.47† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file 10.48† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file 10.49† Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements dated March 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.50† Form of Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.51† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 9, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file 10.52† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange number 001-04762)). Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.53† Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.54† Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.55† Form of Replacement Stock Option Award Agreement with Aramark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.56† Schedule 1s to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2009, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.57† Schedules 1 to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2010, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.58† New Schedule 1 to Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.59† Revised Schedule 1s to outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.60† New Schedule 1 to Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 19, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.61† Revised Schedule 1s to outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 19, 2012, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)). 10.62† Revised Schedule 1s to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.63† Form of Amendment to Outstanding Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.64† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.65† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.72 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.66† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on February 5, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.67† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.68† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.69† Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.70† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.71† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.72† Form of Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.73† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.74† Form of Schedule I to Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.75† Form of Schedule I to Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.76† Form of Schedule I to Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.77† Form of Schedule I to Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2016, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.78† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Time Vesting) (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.70 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.79† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). S-59 S-60 S-60 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.80† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.72 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.81† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Time Vesting) (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.82† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.83† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.84† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.85† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.86† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.78 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.87† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.79 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.88† Form of Schedule I to Restricted Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.80 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.89† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.81 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.90† Form of Schedule I to Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.82 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.91† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Fifth Amended and Restated Aramark 2007 Management Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.92† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.93† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.94† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.95† Form of Aircraft Timesharing Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.96 Amended and Restated Master Distribution Agreement effective as of March 5, 2011 between SYSCO Corporation and ARAMARK Food and Support Services Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 12, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)) (portions omitted pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment). 10.97 Amendment Agreement, dated February 26, 2014, to the Master Distribution Agreement dated as of November 25, 2006, between SYSCO Corporation and ARAMARK Food and Support Services Group, Inc., as amended and restated effective as of March 5, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on February 26, 2014 (file number 333-194077)) (portions omitted pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment). 21.1* List of subsidiaries of Aramark. 23.1* Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-KPMG LLP. 31.1* Certification of Eric Foss, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2* Certification of Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr., Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1* Certification of Eric Foss, Chief Executive Officer, and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr., Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS* XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Filed herewith. * † # Identifies exhibits that consist of management contract or compensatory arrangement. These merger agreements are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K to provide investors and security holders with information regarding their terms. They are not intended to provide any other factual or financial information about the Company, Avendra, AmeriPride or their respective subsidiaries and affiliates. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in each of the merger agreements were made only for purposes of that agreement and as of the date of such merger agreement or such other date as is specified in such merger agreement; were solely for the benefit of the parties to such merger agreement; have been qualified by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties to such merger agreement instead of establishing these matters as facts; and are subject to materiality qualifications contained in such merger agreement that may differ from what may be viewed as material by investors. Investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any description thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the Company, Avendra, AmeriPride or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may change after the date of the merger agreements, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in public disclosures by the Company. The merger agreements should not be read alone but should instead be read in conjunction with the other information that is or will be included in reports and other filings that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and should not be relied upon for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by the Company in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. S-61 S-62 S-61 Aramark 2018 Form 10-K10.80† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Retirement Notice/Full Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.72 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.81† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Time Vesting) (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.82† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.83† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Retirement Notice/2Y Vest) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.75 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.84† Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.76 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act 10.85† Form of Performance Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). (file number 001-36223). 10.86† Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.78 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.87† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.79 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.88† Form of Schedule I to Restricted Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.80 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.89† Form of Schedule I to Performance Stock Unit Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.81 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.90† Form of Schedule I to Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (Relative TSR Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.82 to Aramark's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017 pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223). 10.91† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Fifth Amended and Restated Aramark 2007 Management Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.92† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.73 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 19, 2013 (file number 333-191057)). 10.93† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Revised) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.77 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2014, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.94† Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Aramark 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Aramark’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 13, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.95† Form of Aircraft Timesharing Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to Aramark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2015, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-36223)). 10.96 Amended and Restated Master Distribution Agreement effective as of March 5, 2011 between SYSCO Corporation and ARAMARK Food and Support Services Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Aramark Services, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 12, 2011, pursuant to the Exchange Act (file number 001-04762)) (portions omitted pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment). 10.97 Amendment Agreement, dated February 26, 2014, to the Master Distribution Agreement dated as of November 25, 2006, between SYSCO Corporation and ARAMARK Food and Support Services Group, Inc., as amended and restated effective as of March 5, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.71 to Aramark’s Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on February 26, 2014 (file number 333-194077)) (portions omitted pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment). 21.1* List of subsidiaries of Aramark. 23.1* Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-KPMG LLP. 31.1* Certification of Eric Foss, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2* Certification of Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr., Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1* Certification of Eric Foss, Chief Executive Officer, and Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr., Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS* XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document * † # Filed herewith. Identifies exhibits that consist of management contract or compensatory arrangement. These merger agreements are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K to provide investors and security holders with information regarding their terms. They are not intended to provide any other factual or financial information about the Company, Avendra, AmeriPride or their respective subsidiaries and affiliates. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in each of the merger agreements were made only for purposes of that agreement and as of the date of such merger agreement or such other date as is specified in such merger agreement; were solely for the benefit of the parties to such merger agreement; have been qualified by confidential disclosures made for the purposes of allocating contractual risk between the parties to such merger agreement instead of establishing these matters as facts; and are subject to materiality qualifications contained in such merger agreement that may differ from what may be viewed as material by investors. Investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any description thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the Company, Avendra, AmeriPride or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may change after the date of the merger agreements, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in public disclosures by the Company. The merger agreements should not be read alone but should instead be read in conjunction with the other information that is or will be included in reports and other filings that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and should not be relied upon for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by the Company in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. S-61 S-62 S-62 Aramark 2018 Form 10-KSelected Operational and Financial Metrics Constant Currency Sales Constant Currency Sales represents sales growth, adjusted to eliminate the impact of currency translation. Legacy Business Sales Legacy Business Sales represents sales excluding the impact of currency translation and the sales of AmeriPride and Avendra. Adjusted Operating Income Adjusted Operating Income represents operating income adjusted to eliminate the change in amortization of acquisition-related customer relationship intangible assets and depreciation of property and equipment resulting from the going-private transaction in 2007 (the “2007 LBO”); the impact of the change in fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements; severance and other charges; share-based compensation; merger and integration charges and other items impacting comparability. Adjusted Operating Income (Constant Currency) Adjusted Operating Income (Constant Currency) represents Adjusted Operating Income adjusted to eliminate the impact of currency translation. Adjusted Net Income Adjusted Net Income represents net income attributable to Aramark stockholders adjusted to eliminate the change in amortization of acquisition-related customer relationship intangible assets and depreciation of property and equipment resulting from the 2007 LBO; the impact of changes in the fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements; severance and other charges; share-based compensation; merger and integration charges; the effects of refinancings on interest and other financing costs, net; the impact of tax reform and other items impacting comparability, less the tax impact of these adjustments. The tax effect for adjusted net income for our U.S. earnings is calculated using a blended U.S. federal and state tax rate. The tax effect for adjusted net income in jurisdictions outside the U.S. is calculated at the local country tax rate. Adjusted Net Income (Constant Currency) Adjusted Net Income (Constant Currency) represents Adjusted Net Income adjusted to eliminate the impact of currency translation. Adjusted EPS Adjusted EPS represents Adjusted Net Income divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Adjusted EPS (Constant Currency) Adjusted EPS (Constant Currency) represents Adjusted EPS adjusted to eliminate the impact of currency translation. Covenant Adjusted EBITDA Covenant Adjusted EBITDA represents net income attributable to Aramark stockholders adjusted for interest and other financing costs, net; provision (benefit) for income taxes; depreciation and amortization; and certain other items as defined in our debt agreements required in calculating covenant ratios and debt compliance. The Company also uses Net Debt for its ratio to Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, which is calculated as total long-term borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. Free Cash Flow Free Cash Flow represents net cash provided by operating activities less net purchases of property and equipment, client contract investments and other. Management believes that the presentation of free cash flow provides useful information to investors because it represents a measure of cash flow available for distribution among all the security holders of the Company. We use Constant Currency Sales, Adjusted Operating Income (including on a constant currency basis), Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (including on a constant currency basis), Adjusted EPS (including on a constant currency basis) and Free Cash Flow as supplemental measures of our operating profitability and to control our cash operating costs. We believe these financial measures are useful to investors because they enable better comparisons of our historical results and allow our investors to evaluate our performance based on the same metrics that we use to evaluate our performance and trends in our results. These financial metrics are not measurements of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. Our presentation of these metrics has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. You should not consider these measures as alternatives to sales, operating income, net income or earnings per share, determined in accordance with GAAP. Constant Currency Sales, Adjusted Operating Income, Covenant Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS and Free Cash Flow as presented by us, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies because not all companies use identical calculations. Explanatory Notes to the Non-GAAP Schedules Amortization of acquisition-related customer relationship intangible assets and depreciation of property and equipment resulting from the 2007 Leveraged Buy-out –adjustments to eliminate the change in amortization and depreciation resulting from the purchase accounting applied to the January 26, 2007 going-private transaction executed with investment funds affiliated with GS Capital Partners, CCMP Capital Advisors, LLC and J.P. Morgan Partners, LLC, Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. and Warburg Pincus LLC as well as approximately 250 senior management personnel. Share-based compensation – adjustments to eliminate compensation expense related to the Company’s issuances of share-based awards and the related employer payroll tax expense incurred by the Company when employees exercise in the money stock options or vest in restricted stock awards. Severance and other charges – adjustments to eliminate severance expenses and other costs incurred in the applicable period related to streamlining initiatives ($36.6 million for fiscal 2018 and $18.4 million for fiscal 2017), adjustments to eliminate consulting costs incurred in the applicable period related to streamlining initiatives ($20.2 million for fiscal 2018 and $3.1 million for fiscal 2017), incurring duplicate rent charges to build out and ready the Company’s new headquarters while occupying its existing headquarters ($7.7 million for fiscal 2018) and other charges ($3.1 million for fiscal 2018 and $6.8 million for fiscal 2017). Merger and Integration Related Charges - adjustments to eliminate merger and integration charges primarily related to the Avendra and AmeriPride acquisitions, including deal costs, costs for transitional employees and integration related consulting costs ($78.1 million for fiscal 2018) and other deal costs. Gains, losses and settlements impacting comparability – adjustments to eliminate certain transactions that are not indicative of our ongoing operational performance, primarily for income/loss from prior years’ loss experience under our casualty insurance program ($14.9 million gain for fiscal 2018 and $6.5 million gain for fiscal 2017), pension plan charges ($5.0 million loss for fiscal 2018), charges related to a joint venture liquidation and acquisition ($7.5 million for fiscal 2018), expenses related to acquisition costs ($2.1 million for fiscal 2017), charges related to hyperinflation in Argentina ($3.8 million for fiscal 2018), certain consulting costs ($1.0 million for fiscal 2018 and $3.7 million for fiscal 2017), certain environmental charges ($5.0 million for fiscal 2018) and the impact of the change in fair value related to certain gasoline and diesel agreements ($0.2 million gain for fiscal 2018 and $0.4 million loss for fiscal 2017). Effect of currency translation – adjustments to eliminate the impact that fluctuations in currency translation rates had on the comparative results by presenting the periods on a constant currency basis. Assumes constant foreign currency exchange rates based on the rates in effect for the prior year period being used in translation for the comparable current year period. Effect of refinancing on interest and other financing costs, net – adjustments to eliminate expenses associated with refinancing activities undertaken by the Company in the applicable period such as third party costs and non-cash charges for the write-offs of deferring financing costs and debt discounts. Effect of tax reform on provision for income taxes - adjustments to eliminate the impact of tax reform that is not indicative of our ongoing tax position based on the new tax policies and certain other adjustments. Tax Impact of Adjustments to Adjusted Net Income – adjustments to eliminate the net tax impact of the adjustments to adjusted net income calculated based on a blended U.S. federal and state tax rate for U.S. adjustments and the local country tax rate for adjustments in jurisdictions outside the U.S. Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements This report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that reflect our current views as to future events and financial performance with respect to, without limitation, conditions in our industry, our operations, our economic performance and financial condition, including, in particular, with respect to, without limitation, the benefits and costs of our acquisitions of each of Avendra, LLC ("Avendra") and AmeriPride Services, Inc. ("AmeriPride") and related financings, as well as statements regarding these companies’ services and products and statements relating to our business and growth strategy. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as "outlook," "aim," "anticipate," "are or remain confident," "have confidence," "estimate," "expect," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," "project," "intend," "plan," "believe," "see," "look to" and other words and terms of similar meaning or the negative versions of such words. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. All statements we make relating to our estimated and projected earnings, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates, financial results and our estimated benefits and costs of our acquisitions are forward- looking statements. In addition, we, through our senior management, from time to time make forward-looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and, therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those that we expected. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results or the costs and benefits of the acquisitions include without limitation: unfavorable economic conditions; natural disasters, global calamities, sports strikes and other adverse incidents; the failure to retain current clients, renew existing client contracts and obtain new client contracts; a determination by clients to reduce their outsourcing or use of preferred vendors; competition in our industries; increased operating costs and obstacles to cost recovery due to the pricing and cancellation terms of our food and support services contracts; the inability to achieve cost savings through our cost reduction efforts; our expansion strategy; the failure to maintain food safety throughout our supply chain, food-borne illness concerns and claims of illness or injury; governmental regulations including those relating to food and beverages, the environment, wage and hour and government contracting; liability associated with noncompliance with applicable law or other governmental regulations; new interpretations of or changes in the enforcement of the government regulatory framework; currency risks and other risks associated with international operations, including Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption law compliance; continued or further unionization of our workforce; liability resulting from our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans; risks associated with suppliers from whom our products are sourced; disruptions to our relationship with, or to the business of, our primary distributor; the inability to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel or increases in labor costs; healthcare reform legislation; the contract intensive nature of our business, which may lead to client disputes; seasonality; disruptions in the availability of our computer systems or privacy breaches; failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls; our leverage; the inability to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness; debt agreements that limit our flexibility in operating our business; our ability to successfully integrate the businesses of Avendra and AmeriPride and costs and timing related thereto, the risk of unanticipated restructuring costs or assumption of undisclosed liabilities; the risk that we are unable to achieve the anticipated benefits (including tax benefits) and synergies of the acquisition of AmeriPride and Avendra including whether the proposed transactions will be accretive and within the expected timeframes; the availability of sufficient cash to repay certain indebtedness and our decision to utilize the cash for that purpose; the disruption of the transactions to each of Avendra and AmeriPride and their respective managements; the effect of the transactions on each of Avendra’s and AmeriPride’s ability to retain and hire key personnel and maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and other third parties; our ability to attract new or maintain existing customer and supplier relationships at reasonable cost; our ability to retain key personnel and other factors set forth under the headings Item 1A "Risk Factors," Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" and Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as such factors may be updated from time to time in our other periodic filings with the SEC, which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and which may be obtained by contacting Aramark’s investor relations department via its website www.aramark.com. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included herein or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, us. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, changes in our expectations, or otherwise, except as required by law. ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED OPERATING INCOME MARGIN (Unaudited) ($ In thousands) Sales (as reported) Operating Income (as reported) Operating Income Margin (as reported) Sales (as reported) Effect of Currency Translation Constant Currency Sales Operating Income (as reported) Amortization of Acquisition-Related Customer Relationship Intangible Assets Resulting from the 2007 LBO Share-Based Compensation Severance and Other Charges Merger and Integration Related Charges Gains, Losses and Settlements impacting comparability Adjusted Operating Income Effect of Currency Translation Adjusted Operating Income (Constant Currency) Adjusted Operating Income Growth since 2013 Adjusted Operating Income Margin (Constant Currency) Sales (as reported) Operating Income (as reported) Operating Income Margin (as reported) Sales (as reported) Effect of Currency Translation Effect of Acquisitions and Divestitures Constant Currency Sales Operating Income (as reported) Amortization of Acquisition-Related Customer Relationship Intangible Assets and Depreciation of Property and Equipment Resulting from the 2007 LBO Share-Based Compensation Severance and Other Charges Effect of Acquisitions and Divestitures Gains, Losses and Settlements impacting comparability Adjusted Operating Income Effect of Currency Translation Adjusted Operating Income (Constant Currency) Adjusted Operating Income Margin (Constant Currency) Sales (as reported) Operating Income (as reported) Operating Income Margin (as reported) Sales (as reported) Effect of Currency Translation Effect of Acquisitions and Divestitures Constant Currency Sales Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Constant Currency Sales including Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Operating Income (as reported) Amortization of Acquisition-Related Customer Relationship Intangible Assets and Depreciation of Property and Equipment Resulting from the 2007 LBO Share-Based Compensation Effect of Currency Translation Severance and Other Charges Effect of Acquisitions and Divestitures Branding Initial Public Offering-Related Expenses, including share-based compensation Gains, Losses and Settlements impacting comparability Adjusted Operating Income (Constant Currency) Adjusted Operating Income Margin (Constant Currency) Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 15,789,633 826,137 5.23 % 15,789,633 (161,870 ) 15,627,763 826,137 37,756 89,465 67,577 79,908 7,578 1,108,421 (6,788 ) 1,101,633 41.84 % 7.05 % Fiscal 2016 14,415,829 746,314 5.18 % 14,415,829 259,424 (48,155 ) 14,627,098 746,314 78,174 59,358 41,736 275 13,447 939,304 12,407 951,711 6.51 % Fiscal 2014 14,832,913 564,563 3.81 % 14,832,913 (470,565 ) (3,774 ) 14,358,574 (257,963) 14,100,611 564,563 129,505 47,522 (27,955 ) 53,554 (71 ) 26,910 56,133 1,911 852,072 5.93 % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 14,604,412 808,057 5.53 % 14,604,412 — 14,604,412 808,057 57,585 67,089 28,328 — 912 961,971 — 961,971 6.59 % Fiscal 2015 14,329,135 627,938 4.38 % 14,329,135 — (9,377 ) 14,319,758 627,938 110,080 72,800 66,545 (421 ) 3,793 880,735 — 880,735 6.15 % Fiscal 2013 13,945,657 514,474 3.69 % 13,945,657 (106,188 ) (25,477 ) 13,813,992 — 13,813,992 514,474 155,443 19,417 (6,063 ) 113,464 (5,992 ) 968 — (10,251 ) 781,460 5.66 % ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES ADJUSTED NET INCOME & ADJUSTED EPS (Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share amounts) Net Income Attributable to Aramark Stockholders (as reported) Adjustment: Loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax Amortization of Acquisition-Related Customer Relationship Intangible Assets and Depreciation of Property and Equipment Resulting from the 2007 LBO Share-Based Compensation Severance and Other Charges Merger and Integration Related Charges Effects of Acquisitions and Divestitures Branding Initial Public Offering-Related Expenses, including share-based compensation Gains, Losses and Settlements impacting comparability Effects of Refinancing on Interest and Other Financing Costs, net Effect of Tax Reform on Provision For Income Taxes Tax Impact of Adjustments to Adjusted Net Income Adjusted Net Income Effect of Currency Translation, net of tax Adjusted Net Income (Constant Currency) Earnings Per Share (as reported) Net Income Attributable to Aramark Stockholders (as reported) Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding Earnings Per Share Growth (as reported) Adjusted Earnings Per Share Adjusted Net Income Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Constant Currency as reported in each respective year) Adjusted Net Income (Constant Currency) Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Adjusted Net Income (Constant Currency) Including Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Constant Currency as reported in each respective year) Excluding Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Constant Currency as reported in each respective year) Including Estimated Impact of 53rd Week Adjusted Earnings Per Share Growth (Constant Currency) Adjusted Earnings Per Share Growth since 2013 12 Months Ended 9/28/2018 12 Months Ended 9/29/2017 12 Months Ended 9/30/2016 12 Months Ended 10/2/2015 12 Months Ended 10/3/2014 12 Months Ended 9/27/2013 $ 567,885 $ 373,923 $ 287,806 $ 235,946 $ 148,956 $ 69,356 — — — — — 1,030 37,756 89,465 67,577 79,908 — — — 7,578 57,585 67,089 28,328 — — — — 912 17,773 31,491 (221,998 ) — 78,174 59,358 41,736 — 275 — — 13,447 31,267 — 110,080 72,800 66,545 — (421 ) — — 3,793 — — 129,505 47,522 53,554 — (71 ) 26,910 56,133 1,911 25,705 — (77,032 ) 568,912 (4,798 ) $ 564,114 $ (69,039 ) 490,289 989 491,278 $ $ (87,025 ) 425,038 7,802 432,840 $ $ (102,485 ) 386,258 — 386,258 $ $ (128,442 ) 361,683 (18,171 ) 343,512 $ $ 155,443 19,417 113,464 — (5,992 ) 968 — (10,251 ) 39,830 — (118,694 ) 264,571 (3,941 ) 260,630 567,885 $ 373,923 $ 287,806 $ 235,946 $ 148,956 $ 69,356 253,352 2.24 50.34 % $ 251,557 1.49 28.45 % $ 248,763 1.16 20.83 % $ 246,616 0.96 52.38 % $ 237,451 0.63 90.91 % $ 209,370 0.33 568,912 $ 490,289 $ 425,038 $ 386,258 $ 361,683 $ 264,571 253,352 2.25 $ 251,557 1.95 564,114 — $ 491,278 — $ $ 248,763 1.71 $ 246,616 1.57 $ 237,451 1.52 $ 209,370 1.26 432,840 — $ 386,258 — $ 343,512 (8,796 ) $ 260,630 — 564,114 $ 491,278 $ 432,840 $ 386,258 $ 334,716 $ 260,630 253,352 251,557 248,763 246,616 237,451 209,370 2.23 $ 1.95 $ 1.74 $ 1.57 $ 1.45 $ 1.24 2.23 $ 1.95 $ 1.74 $ 1.57 $ 1.41 $ 1.24 14.36 % 12.07 % 10.83 % 11.35 % 13.71 % 78.57 % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ARAMARK AND SUBSIDIARIES RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES LEGACY BUSINESS SALES (CONSTANT CURRENCY) (Unaudited) ($ in thousands) Sales (as reported) Effect of Currency Translation Constant Currency Sales Effect of AmeriPride and Avendra Acquisitions Legacy Business Sales Sales (as reported) Constant Currency Sales Growth Legacy Business Sales Growth $ $ $ 12 Months Ended 9/28/2018 15,789,633 (161,870 ) 15,627,763 (522,188 ) 15,105,575 12 Months Ended 9/29/2017 14,604,412 7.01 % 3.43 % [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] DEAR FELLOW SHAREHOLDERS I AM PLEASED TO REPORT THAT 2018 WAS ANOTHER RECORD YEAR FOR OUR COMPANY ACROSS KEY FINANCIAL METRICS, INCLUDING REVENUE, MARGIN, PROFIT, AND EARNINGS. We also strengthened our bal ance sheet and smoothly integrated the two largest acquisitions in Aramark’s history. As the capstone of our achievements, 2018 marked our fifth straight year of double-digit adjusted EPS growth— a feat matched by exceptionally few companies—as we continue our transformation journey to ensure consistently profitable growth. Our winning results are detailed in this report, and I applaud the entire Aramark team for this year’s success. Let me share the 2018 highlights with you. Eric J. Foss, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer CORPOR ATE INFORMA TION SENIOR MANAGEMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS TRANSFER AGENT Eric J. Foss Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer Stephen P. Bramlage, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Harrald Kroeker* Senior Vice President, Integration Lynn B. McKee Executive Vice President, Human Resources Stephen R. Reynolds Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary *Retiring effective December 31, 2018 Eric J. Foss Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Aramark Computershare 480 Washington Blvd. Jersey City, NJ 07310 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 2400 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-238-3000 WEBSITE www.aramark.com INVESTOR RELATIONS DEPARTMENT 215-409-7287 investorrelations@aramark.com AUDITOR KPMG LLP Philadelphia, PA Sanjeev K. Mehra Former Advisory Director and Vice Chairman, Global Private Equity, Merchant Banking Division, Goldman Sachs & Co., Lead Director Pierre-Olivier Beckers-Vieujant Honorary President and Chief Executive Officer, Delhaize Group Lisa G. Bisaccia Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, CVS Health Corporation Calvin Darden Former Senior Vice President, U.S. Operations, United Parcel Service, Inc. Richard W. Dreiling Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dollar General Corporation Irene M. Esteves Former Chief Financial Officer, Time Warner Cable, Inc. Daniel J. Heinrich Former Chief Financial Officer, The Clorox Company Patricia B. Morrison Former Executive Vice President, Customer Support Services & Chief Information Officer, Cardinal Health, Inc. John A. Quelch Dean, Miami Business School, and Vice Provost, University of Miami Stephen I. Sadove Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Saks Incorporated 5910_CVR_C1.indd 2 5910_CVR_C1.indd 2 12/19/18 9:54 PM 12/19/18 9:54 PM A R A M A R K 2 0 1 8 A N N U A L R E P O R T EXPERIENCES THAT MATTER www.aramark.com 2018 | Annual Report ©2018 Aramark 5910_CVR_C1.indd 1 5910_CVR_C1.indd 1 12/19/18 9:54 PM 12/19/18 9:54 PM

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